ra safrTxeebis Sesaxeb afrTxilebda aleqsandre - Saqinform.ge

E-mail: r.jalagania@mail.ru
“tjsdywjmj!jt!lj!bs!bsjt-!spn!nfhsvmbe!mbqbsblpcfo-!bsbnfe!jtbb-!spn!ebobsDfonb!rbsUwfmfcnb!bs!wjdjU!nfhsvmj!fob” `!blblj!Tboj[f
#293 (352) 18-25 noemberi 2014
saxalxo moZraoba „samegrelos“
organo
30 TeTri
ra safrTxeebis Sesaxeb5-jerafrTxilebda
aleqsandre WaWia yofil da moqmed xelisuflebas?
qceva,
umaRlesi
gaizrdeba. Tumca omis detaluri gens, Tanac espaneTi sulac ar aris bakalavriatad
warsulis gaxseneba
warsulSi CarCenas ar
niSnavs
(daibeWda 2005 wels)
kidev bevri faqtoris CamoTvla SeiZleba, ramac am omis danaSaulebrivi,
antiadamianuri xasiaTi ganapiroba da
romelic kidev didxans gagrZeldeba.
Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, saqarTvelo am omSi
ar unda monawileobdes.
_ rogor fiqrobT, amerikelebi iranis
winaaRmdeg oms daiwyeben?
_ rTulia raimes prognozireba, roca
iseT kuriozul fenomens vexebiT, rogoricaa buSi da misi garemocva. axlaxan SeerTebul StatebSi sociologiuri
gamokiTxva Caatares, raTa gaerkviaT,
vis miiCnevs amerikis mosaxleoba yvelaze sulelad. pirvel adgilze momRerali maikl jeksoni gavida, meoreze
– viceprezidenti Ceini, mesameze _
Tavdacvis ministri ramsfeldi, meoTxeze _ prezidenti buSi. amerikel Jurnalistebs gaukvirdaT, Tu ratom ar
aRmoCnda buSi pirvel adgilze. amitom
rTuli gansasjelia, ramdenad Wkuis
saswavlebeli aRmoCnda erayuli
gamocdileba amgvari gonebrivi SesaZleblobis adamianebisTvis. Tumca
vfiqrob, rom amerikis sazogadoeba ar
miscems maT saSualebas, CaiTrion
qveyana kidev erT samxedro avantiuraSi.
amerikelebs xom araferi gamosdiT
eraySi. amerikeli jariskacebi yoveldRe iRupebian, erayelebs sZulT isini,
navTobis gatana metad garTulebulia,
qveyanas Sinagani winaaRmdegobani angrevs, bolos da bolos igi sam fsevdosaxelmwifod daiSleba da samive
mtruli iqneba rogorc amerikis, ise
mTeli qristianuli samyaros mimarT.
analogiuri viTarebaa avRaneTSic.
amerikelebi mxolod qabuls akontroleben, danarCeni teritoria Talibebis xelSia; da Tu amerikelebis
SeWramde avRaneTidan yovelwliurad
20 tona narkotikebi gaizideboda, axla
es maCvenebeli 300 tonamde avida. ori
omidan arc erTma ar moitana is Sedegi,
rasac buSi eloda. xelisuflebis ukan
mdgom transnacionalur korporaciebsac, maT Soris navTobkompaniebsac, albaT, esmiT, rom am meTodiT problemebs
ver moagvareb, dakargviT ki bevrs
dakargav, Tu yvelafers ara. magaliTad,
cnobilia, rom iranis dabombvis
SemTxvevaSi navTobis msoflio fasi 3-
gegma, romelic 70 iranuli obieqtis
dabombvas iTvaliswinebs, ukve SemuSavebulia. RmerTma nu qnas, rom saomari
moqmedebebis msvlelobisas Tundac
erTi iranuli raketa Camovardes
saqarTveloSi an islamurma samyarom
saqarTvelo
am
omSi
amerikis
mokavSired miiCnios.
_ ra damokidebuleba gaqvT umniSvnelovanesi sameurneo obieqtebis
ucxoel mesakuTreebze gayidvis mimarT?
_
radikaluri
liberaluri
ekonomikis momxre ara var, fridmanisa
da
saqsis
Tayvanismcemeli
ar
gaxlavarT, maT ekonomikur mecnierebaTa
avantiuristebad miviCnev, xolo saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis rekomendaciebis Semsrulebel maT momxreebs
_ sakuTari qveynebis damRupvelebad.
socialurad orientirebuli sabazro
ekonomikis momxre var, saxelmwifo
regulirebis didi wiliT. metic, darwmunebuli var, rom saxelmwifo unda
flobdes umniSvnelovanes strategiul
obieqtebs, romlebic qveynis ekonomikur
usafrTxoebas gansazRvravs, amitom var
saqarTvelos saxalxo meurneobis
mTliani privatizaciis winaaRmdegi.
mesmis, rom xelisuflebas biujetis
Sevseba sWirdeba, xolo mkvdari
ekonomikis pirobebSi erTaderTi
saSualeba erovnuli simdidris gayidvaa, magram ubedureba is aris, rom es
rezervi Zalian male amoiwureba, gasayidi aRaraferi darCeba. mere raRa vqnaT?
amitom 90-iani wlebis Suaxnidan vTavazobdi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis modernizaciul models, anu erovnuli
ekonomikis models, romelic damoukidebeli saxelmwifos pirobebSi unda ganviTardes. maSin jer kidev gvqonda seriozuli potenciali, magram SevardnaZem misi safuZvlamde dangreva moaxerxa. rac darCa, dRevandelma xelisuflebam gayida. amitom Semdgom xelisuflebas, Tu igi erovnulad orientirebuli iqneba, ukve ekonomikis samobilizacio modelis realizeba mouwevs,
magram es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu im
droisTvis saqarTvelo sabolood ar
gadaiqceva koloniad, romelsac sakuTari ekonomika ar sWirdeba.
_ magram xelisufleba amtkicebs,
rom qveyanaSi arnaxuli ekonomikuri
zrdaa da male saqarTvelo turistul
samoTxed iqceva...
_ turizmi da tranziti saqarTvelos
ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynad
ver aqcevs. es eduard babus zRaprebia.
garda amisa, es sferoebi ar eTanxmeba
qarTveli xalxis erovnul Taviseburebebs da istoriul miswrafebebs;
saWiro gaxdeba eris sulier-zneobrivi
safuZvlebis ngreva, amas ki eris
degradacia, misi gadagvareba mohyveba.
ra Tqma unda, turizmisa da tranzitis winaaRmdegi ar var, magram es
erovnuli ekonomikis mxolod nawili
unda iyos. saqarTveloSi arasodes
iqneba imdeni turisti, ramdenic dRes
espaneTSi Cadis, magram iqac turizmis
Semosavlebi espaneTis mTliani Sida
produqtis mxolod 10 procents Sead-
mdidari qveyana. erovnuli ganviTareba
SesaZlebelia mxolod im qveyanaSi,
romelsac konkurentunariani produqciis warmoeba SeuZlia. es Tanamedrove
msoflios aqsiomaa. Cven, ra Tqma unda,
ver gavuwevT konkurencias did qveynebs
bevr sawarmoo dargSi: amisTvis
Sesabamisi bunebrivi, adamianuri da
finansuri resursebi ar gagvaCnia, magram
Cven gvaqvs erTi ram: sabWoTa droidan
darCenili samecniero da SemoqmedebiTi
potenciali. jer kidev gvyavs umaRlesi
kvalifikaciis samecniero-teqnikuri
kadrebi, fundamenturi mecnierebis didi
tradiciebi da sakadro baza. es potenciali sakmarisia imisTvis, rom
Seiqmnas Tanamedrove, konkurentunariani
samrewvelo warmoebis ori-sami mecnierebatevadi, maRalteqnologiuri dargi. am amocanis gadaWrisTvis 10-15 wlis
win rom moekidebiaT xeli, dRes
saqarTvelo Rirseuli saxelmwifo
iqneboda, Tumca jerac ar aris gvian.
yuradReba miaqcieT: Cveulebriv,
axladwarmoqmnili qveynebi, romlebic
saxelmwifoebriv mSeneblobas iwyeben,
pirvel etapze turizmsa da tranzits
aviTareben, sasargeblo wiaRiseuls
yidian, raTa Tanxebi daagrovon da
Cadon mecnierebasa da ganaTlebaSi,
Camoayalibon erovnuli samecnieroteqnikuri kadrebi, xolo Semdeg sakuTari samrewvelo potenciali Seqmnan.
visac es gamosdis, igi damoukidebeli,
ekonomikurad ganviTarebadi saxelmwifo xdeba. vinc ver axerxebs, igi
samaradisod CamorCenil koloniad
iqceva. Cven ras vakeTebT? sabWoTa
kavSiris
daSlis
momentisTvis
saqarTvelo ganviTarebuli agrarulindustriuli saxelmwifo iyo mZlavri
samecniero-saganmanaTleblo baziT da
samecniero,
sainJinro-teqnikuri
kadrebis kolosaluri korpusiT.
damoukidebeli (!) saxelmwifos xelisuflebam, SevardnaZis xelmZRvanelobiT,
jer gaaCera samrewvelo warmoeba, gayida qarxnebisa da fabrikebis aRWurviloba, quCaSi gayara samecnieroteqnikuri kadrebi, Semdeg gadaketa
sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gasaRebis bazari da am sferos dafinanseba
Sewyvita, gaakotra msxvili sasoflosameurneo
warmoebebi
da
amiT
ekonomikis agraruli seqtori mospo.
Semdeg, paralizebuli ekonomikis
pirobebSi da specialistebze moTxovnis ararsebobis pirobebSi komerciuli
umaRlesi saswavleblebis sistema SemoiRo, riTac umaRlesi ganaTleba gaaufasura da paralelurad tradiciuli
umaRlesi saswavleblebis samecnieropedagogiuri kadrebis daqsaqsva gamoiwvia, riTac koleqtiuri samecniero
Sroma mokla. umaRlesi skolisa da
akademiuri institutebis dafinansebis
SewyvetasTan erTad, es qarTuli mecnierebis sikvdils niSnavda. axalma
xelisuflebam mxolod logikuri
dasasrulisken waiyvana es procesi,
roca misi ukanaskneli stadiis realizacias mihyo xeli: kvalificiuri
samecniero-pedagogiuri kadrebis sabolo gandevna, umaRlesi ganaTlebis
saswavleblebisa da akademiuri mecnierebis, rogorc aseTis, ganadgureba.
qveynis deindustrializaciis, dezintegraciis da degradaciis politika
logikur dasasruls uaxlovdeba. paralelurad mcirdeba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis raodenoba, mcirdeba
maswavlebelTa korpusi. migiqceviaT
yuradReba eqimebis diskreditaciis
mizanmimarTuli propagandistuli kampaniisTvis? Turme В«umaRlesi instanciidanВ»
Sexseneba
movida,
rom
saqarTvelom eqimebis raodenoba 30
procentiT unda Seamciros. ganviTarebad qveyanas, romelTa kategoriaSi SevardnaZem Segviyvana, statusiT ar ekuTvnis bevri skola, srulyofili umaRlesi
saswavleblebi da amdeni eqimi.
saqarTvelom sakuTar Tavze aiRo funqcia – tranzitisa da turistebis momsaxureba. momsaxure personals ki raSi
sWirdeba mecniereba da ganaTleba?
unda aRiniSnos, rom es procesebi
mxolod dRevandeli saqarTvelosTvis
rodia damaxasiaTebeli. marTalia, amdenad ara, magram es yvela im postsocialistur
qveyanas
axasiaTebs,
romelTa xelmZRvaneloba e. w. reformebs saerTaSoriso savaluto
fondis rekomendaciebiT da amerikeli
mrCevelebis xelmZRvanelobiT axorcielebda. akademiuri mecniereba, faqtobrivad, ganadgurebulia poloneTSi,
rumineTSi, bulgareTSi, CexeTsa da sxva
aRmosavleTevropul qveynebSi. elcinis
periodSi analogiuri safrTxis winaSe
dadga mecniereba ruseTSic. es gasagebicaa, radgan Tanamedrove msoflioSi
konkurenciis unari mxolod iseT
qveynebs aqvT, romelTac samecniero
kvlevebis maRali done da mecnierebatevadi maRalteqnologiuri warmoeba
gaaCniaT. momavali am qveynebisaa. rac
ufro naklebi iqneba aseTi qveyana, miT
ufro Zlieri iqneba is saxelmwifoebi,
romlebic TavisTan mouyrian Tavs
mZlavr samecniero potencials. cnobilia, rom postsocialistur qveynebSi
mecnierebis ngrevis Semdeg msxvil
mecnierTa umravlesoba SeerTebul
StatebSi wavida. aseTive tendenciaa
maRalteqnologiuri warmoebebis mxrivac. CexeTi socialistur periodSi 1
miliard dolarze meti Rirebulebis
mxolod SeiaraRebis eqsports axorcielebda, dRes ki misi eqsporti 50
milion evros ar aRemateba, vinaidan
amerikelebs iaraRis bazarze konkurenti ar esaWiroeba. В«narinjisferi revoluciisВ» Semdeg ukrainam В«rekomendaciaВ» miiRo, Seamciros aviamSenebeli,
aerokosmosuri mrewveloba da gaafarTovos
metalurgiuli
da
qvanaxSiris warmoeba.
_ maxsovs Tqveni statia “gewyinT?
gewyinoT!”, romelSic metad mwvaved
werdiT inteligenciis pasiurobaze
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi. azri xom
ar SegecvalaT? rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT ukanasknel movlenebze
Tbilisis universitetSi?
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
2
18-25 noemberi 2014
ilori
samegrelosa (odiSis) da afxazeTis istoriuli geografia
vaxuSti bagrationis naazrevSi da Tanamedrove istoriografia
IV. 3. 3. Sxefis mdebareobis vaxuStiseuli aRwera (,,unagiras mTis Zirzed
da texuris dasavlis kidezed“) zustia,
magram TviT toponimi damaxinjebuli
formiTaa mocemuli. werilobiTi
wyaroebidan irkveva, rom mas ,,SxeTi“
ki ara, Sxefi erqva da dResac ase
ewodeba. TviT vaxuSti ,,aRweraSi“ sxva
adgilas toponims ,,Sxefis“ formiTac
moixseniebs: giorgi gurielma ,,moi para
Ze giorgi dadianisa mcire levan, patimar-hyo cixesa Sina Sxefisasa“ (vaxuSti
IV, 1973: 819); sxvagan aRniSnavs: ,,dadianma
Sei pyra mefe levan...… wariyvana odiSs
da patimar-hyo cixesa Sina Sxefs“
(iqve: 821).
arqanjelo lamberti odiSis samTavros rukaze, texuris marjvena
mxares, aRniSnavs sofel Tchuagiochor-s,
rac T. beraZis azriT, Sxefis erTi
ubani qvaSxoria, xolo mis axlos
datanili punqti cixe-simagris pirobiTi niSniT, Sxefis cixe unda iyos
(beraZe ,,macne...“, 3, 1971: 151). grigol
kaTalikosis 1733 wlis gujarSi dasaxelebulia Sxefi (kakabaZe I, 1921: 143; beraZe sigk, IV, 1971: 56-57). giuldenStedti
asaxelebs sofel Sextis, rac, savaraudod, swored Sxefi unda iyos (giuldenStedti I, 1962: 323). XVI saukunis ambebis
aRwerisas cixes ,,Sxefis“ saxelwodebiT
moixseniebs agreTve niko dadiani (dadiani 1962: 158).
Sxefis cixesTan dakavSirebul
tragikul moments TviT vaxuSti Semdegi saxiT gadmogvcems: ,,gurieli giorgi
kualad ara dascxra Surgebad giorgi
dadianisad, moipara Ze giorgi dadianisa
mcire levan, patimar-hyo cixesa Sina
Sxefisasa, ganzraxvTa mamia dadianisaTa.
xolo yrma igi uTminoebiTa tyueobisaTa gardmoiWra cixidam, reca ganltolvad da mokuda“; ,,da Sei pyra mefe
levan... wariyvana odiSs da patimarhyo cixesa Sina SxeTs; da mokuda
Semdgomad mefe levan patimrobasa Sina
SxeTs cixesa Sina“ (vaxuSti IV, 1973:
819, 821).
XIX-XX ss. werilobiT wyaroebsa
da samecniero literaturaSic dasaxelebulia sofeli Sxefi. odiS-leCxumis daviT dadianiseuli administraciul-teritoriuli dayofis Tanaxmad sujunis mazraSi Semaval 30-mde
sofels Soris aris Sxefic (meunargia
1939: 113).
amdenad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom
sxvadasxva drois dokumentebiT cixesa
da mis garSemo mdebare dasaxlebas
ewodeboda Sxefi. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom
Cven xelT arsebuli erTaderTi wyaro,
sadac sofeli SxeTis formiT moixsenieba, vaxuStis Txzulebis garda, aris
kavkasiis mxaris 1886 wlis komlobrivi
aRweris masalebi, sadac miTiTebulia
TeklaTis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi Semavali 229-komliani sofeli SxeTi (m.
S. 649 kacia, 564 – qali).
Sxefis cixe feodalizmis xanis erTerTi mniSvnelovani da didi moculobis Zeglia, rac mdebareobs senakis munici palitetSi, senaki-martvilis gzatkecilis CrdiloeTiT, unagiras mTis
samxreT daboloebaze, goriswverze, gzatkecilidan 1,5 km daSorebiT. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom cixe egrislazeTis samefos daarsebisTanve, kerZod, IV s-Si unda warmoSobiliyo. am
epoqis galavani masSi CarTuli koSkiT
gamovlinda arqeologiuri Ziebis gziT,
rasac gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis
miwurulidan awarmoebda naqalaqevis
mudmivmoqmedi samecniero eqspedicia
p. zaqaraias xelmZRvanelobiT. cixis
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT garnizonisTvis
gankuTvnili, sworkuTxa moxazulobisa
da mcire zomis (4,7X3,8 m) eklesia
mdgara, mis maxloblad ki wyalsacavi
mouwyviaT. galavnis CrdiloeT xazze
gvxvdeba sxvadasxva drois maRali da
yru kedlebi, xolo samxreT nawilSi
SemorCenilia XVI-XVII ss. saTofeebi.
amave droiT TariRdeba cixis zeda,
grZeli ezos dasavleTiT mdebare
patara ezos garSemovlebuli galavani,
calmagi, martivi saTofeebiT (zaqaraia,
kapanaZe 1991: 139-150).
Sxefis cixes egrisis samefos
daSlis Semdegac ar daukargavs Tavisi
mniSvneloba da rogorc aRvniSneT,
gvian Sua saukuneebSi qveynis Tavdacvis
sistemaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda.
noqalaqevis mudmivmoqmedi samecniero eqspediciis mier ganxorcielebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad
SxefSi dadasturda sasaxlis arseboba,
rac zeda ezos samxreT-dasavleTiT,
nangrevebis saxiT dRemde Semonaxula
(SemorCenilia buxari da saZirkveli).
mecnierisa da mogzauris – frederik
diubua de monperes mier XIX s. 30-ian
wlebSi, kolxeTis teritoriaze mogzaurobisas Sesrulebuli naxatis mixedviT, am adgilas sacxovrebeli saxli
mdgara, rac swored vaxuStiseuli dadianis sasaxle unda iyos. igive naxatidan irkveva, rom Sxefis cixes sami
koSki hqonia. maT Soris erTi, oTxwaxnagovani piramidis formis maRali
koSki, oTxqanobiani, aseve piramiduli
moyvanilobis saxuraviT, cixis galavnis
gareT Yyofila aRmarTuli. TviT sacxovrebeli kompleqsi am koSkis aRmosavleTiT mdgara. naxatze mkafiodaa
asaxuli fligelis orqanobiani saxuravi da buxris sakvamle mili, agreTve
Sxefis cixis centrSi aRmarTuli didi
koSki, momrgvalebuli qvis saxuraviT
da meore, galavnis samxreT-aRmosavleT
kuTxesTan miSenebuli, konusuri formis
saxuravis mqone cilindruli koSki
(adamia 51, 1979: 14, 16).
IV. 3. 4. senaki. vaxuStis TqmiT, Sxefs
zemoT, ,,kidev texurisav kidezed, ars
senaks eklesia gumbaTiani, keTilSeni,
sayofeli afxazTa kaTalikozisa“
(vaxuSti IV, 1973: 777).
arqanjelo lambertis rukaze, mdinareebs – texursa da xobiswyals
Soris, Sinaghi-s formiT datanili da
imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-is
brZanebiT 1737 wels Sedgenil rukaze
aRniSnuli senakebi erTsa da imave
punqts – dRevandel Zvel senaks
gulisxmobs, rac sofeli da Temis
centria da q. senakis (uwindeli axalsenakis) Crdilo-dasavleTiT, 7 kmis daSorebiT, naxurisa da texuris
xeobebSi mdebareobs. vaxuStiseul
senakSic swored axlandeli Zveli
senaki igulisxmeba, sadac dgas aguriT
nagebi gumbaTiani taZari.
vaxuStis zemoT motanili cnobis
garda senakSi taZrisa da sakaTalikoso
rezidenciis arseboba dasturdeba sxva,
ufro adrindeli da mogviano xanis
werilobiTi dokumentebiTac. kerZod,
1696-1742 wlebs Soris Sedgenil Sewirulobis wignSi aRniSnulia, rom ,,senaks
giorgi gurieli colSviliTa“ biWvinTis RvTismSoblisaTvis SeuwiravT
(kakabaZe I, 1921: 155). vamey II dadianis
(1658-1661 ww.) Sewirulobis wignSi, rac
1658 wliT TariRdeba, vkiTxulobT, rom
odiSis mTavars kaTalikos zaqaria
qvarianisTvis uboZebia ,,...senakis saydari... misis Sewirulis mamuliTa da
sasaxleebiTa“ (iqve: 59).
imave wliT daTariRebuli sxva
sabuTi gvamcnobs: ,,...kadreT da SemogwireT Sen caTa mobaZavsa biWvintisa
aRTis mSobelsa senaks sawinamZRro
saydari da sasaxle srulad misis mamuliTa da oris sasaxliTa... rodesac
kzi odiSs mobrZandebodes, juarsa da
omfors iq saydarze daasvenebden...“
(iqve: 61-62).
sainteresoa giuldenStedtis cnoba,
rom odiSSi mdebare soflebi _ senaki
,,orive
patriarqisaa,
da
xobi
ukanasknelSi didi eklesiaa“ (giuldenStedti 1962: 325). patriarqSi germaneli
mecnieri da mogzauri swored afxazeTis kaTalikoss unda gulisxmobdes.
sofeli senaki (axland. Zveli senaki)
gvxvdeba sxva araerT istoriul dokumentSi (kekelia... ,,mxareTmcodne II“,
2011: 61).
IV. 3. 5. naqalaqevi-cixegoji. vaxuStis
aRweriT, ,,...aw senaks zeiT, unagiras
ZirSi, ars naqalaqevi, cixegojad wodebuli. es aRaSena a- mefis farnaozis
Jams qujim, qalaqi da cixe, da amisi
saerisTave iyo sruliad rionis
dasavleTi suaneTiT. Semusra yrum,
aramed iyo kualad qalaqi, da Semdgomad
mooxrda Qqalaqi. aw ars cixe kualad
da sasaxle dadianisa“ (vaxuSti IV,
1973: 777). vaxuStis Sexeduleba cixegojis adgilmdebareobaze dadasturebulia naqalaqevSi warmoebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT.
1971 wels
dasavleT saqarTvelos saZieobo-arqeologiurma eqspediciam aRmoaCina gvianelinisturi xanis qvevrsamarxi, rac
warmoadgenda imis erT-erT safuZvels,
rom vaxuStis mier naqalaqevTan gaigivebuli cixe-gojis ageba marTlac
quji erisTavis epoqas (Zv. w. III s.)
dakavSireboda. garda amisa, naqalaqevis
teritoriaze 1973 wlidan warmoebuli
arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis gziT kidev
araerTi Zegli gamovlinda, rac imaze
metyvelebs, rom am teritoriaze
aramWidrod dasaxlebuli, Tumca sakmaod msxvili, soflis tipis samosaxlo
jer kidev Zv. w. VIII s-dan unda arsebuliyo (zaqaraia, lomouri... 1984: 6971; zaqaraia ,,n. a.“, III, 1993: 147-157; zamTaraZe ,,n. a.“ , III, 1993: 158-175...).
naqalaqevi ewodeba texuris marcxena
napirsa da mTiskalTaze ganlagebul
istoriul cixe-qalaqs, martvili-senakis
saavtomobilo gzaze. leonti mrovelisa da juanSeris TxzulebaTa gviandel, XVII s-Si gadawerili xelnawerebis arSiaze gadamwers miuweria: ,,odiSs
naqalaqevi“ da ,,cixe-goji naqalaqevia“
(zaqaraia, lomouri... 1984: 6). lambertis
rukaze aRniSnulia punqti Nachalachens-is formiT, rac axlandeli
naqalaqevia (beraZe 1967: 74). giuldenStedtis cnobiTac, naqalaqevi ewodeba
odiSis Zvelad ganTqmul, axla gaudaburebul qalaqs (giuldenStedti I,
1962: 325).
p. zaqaraiasa da n. lomouris
msjelobiT ,,noqalaqevis“ xmareba
gamarTlebulia am punqtis sxva, amave
saxelwodebis matarebeli punqtebisagan
gamosarCevad. avtorebi aRniSnaven, rom
iv. javaxiSvilma da g. CubinaSvilma
germanul enaze daweril moxsenebiT
baraTSi Tavi mouyares yvela cnobas
arqeopolisis Sesaxeb da upiratesoba
mianiWes
zepir,
adgilobrivi
metyvelebidan momdinare formas –
,,noqalaqevi“ (zaqaraia, lomouri ,,Tbilisi“, 1988).
cixe-goji Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa da TiTqos daurqmeviaT cixis
damaarsebel-amSeneblis saxelis – qujis mixedviT (cixe qujisa–> cixequ,,arqeopolisi“
ji–>cixegoji).
bizantielTa mieraa Serqmeuli da
,,Zvel cixes“ niSnavs. ase ixsenieba es
cixe bizantiur wyaroebSi ax. w. VI
saukunidan. cixis ,,samzRudianoba“
TavdacviTi sistemis Taviseburebis amsaxvelia da miuTiTebs sam, erTmaneTis
paralelurad agebul kedel-galavanze.
VIII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi arabTa
laSqrobis Sedegad ganadgurebuldakninebuli cixegoji, mogvianebiT, XVIXVIII saukuneebSi, mxolod odiSis
mTavar dadianTa naTesavebis rezidencias warmoadgenda. vaxuStis mier
moxseniebuli dadianebis sasaxle, zogan
TiTqmis or metramde simaRlis
kedlebiT, gamovlinda naqalaqaris qveda
terasis samxreT-dasavleTis monakveTSi,
taZris maxloblad. agreTve SemorCenilia dadianebisdroindeli Rvinis
sawuri, qvis saqajaviTa da kiris duRabSi Casmuli qvevrebiT. TviT ormoci
mowamis saxelobis taZari aq dadianebs
sakuTar samarxad gauxdiaT, misTvis
sxvadasxva dros mcire samlocvelo
da akldama miuSenebiaT, xolo XVIXVII ss. mijnaze taZari mouxatavT
kidec (zaqaraia, lomouri... 1984: 24, 27;
devdariani, mamaiaSvili ,,n. a.“, III, 1993:
287-292).
gviani Sua saukuneebis naqalaqevSi
dadianTa cxovrebis Sesaxeb sxva werilobiTi wyaro, garda batoniSvilis
zemoT motanili cnobisa, ar mogvepoveba, magram mogviano xanis dokumentebiT dasturdeba, rom dadianebi
mosaxleobdnen naqalaqevsa da mis midamoebSi. k. borozdini asaxelebs odiSis mTavar levan dadianTan daaxloebul pirs, mis mrCevelsa da megobars,
SeZlebul Tavads – arCil dadians
(borozdini 1934: 241-242).
naqalaqevSi dadianTa mosaxleobis
damadasturebelia agreTve toponimi
,,dadiaSi noxorii“, rasac soflis toponimTa
nusxaSi
dazustebuli
lokalizaciis gareSe asaxelebs g.
eliava (eliava 1989: 112). mkvlevari ar
aRniSnavs imas, Tu romeli dadiani
gaxda am adgilis saxeldebis mizezi,
magram CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxis
garkvevis TvalsazrisiT TviT toponimis dadasturebac friad sagulisxmo
faqtad unda miviCnioT.
naqalaqevis
maxloblad,
mis
CrdiloeTiT, mdebareobda agreTve dadianTa saufliswulo mamulebi –
berTemi (beTlemi) da uSafaTi.
IV. 3. 6. sali partiano, unagira. gvian
Sua saukuneebSi texuris xeoba odiSis
mTavarTa jer pirveli dinastiis –
vardaniZeTa Tu saRiriZeTa, XVIII s.
dasawyisidan – meore, CiqvanTa axali
dinastiis umcrosi Stos warmomadgenelTa – lipartianTa mflobelobaSi
iyo da sali partianod iwodeboda
(soselia III, 1990: 85).
vaxuSti sali partianos sazRvrebs
ase gadmoscems: ,,da ars Wyondididam
unagiramde mTis Ziri sali partiano.
arian am adgilTa Sina mosaxleni
mTavarni da aznaurni, da ars queyana
ese mgzavsivakisa da umetes nayofieri
da tyiani“ (iqve: 777). maSasadame, vaxuStiseuli daxasiaTebiT sali partianos
dasavleTi sazRvari unagiras mTaa.
ase iwodeboda mTa, rac, vaxuStis TqmiT,
,,...texuris dasavlis kidursa rionidam
warmosdevs... kavkasamde, tyiani da
nadiriani“ (iqve: 777). unagira abaSisa
da texuris wyalgamyofi qedis saxelwodebaa, rac ramdenime mTis – dadiaS
taxtas (sof. zeda sortaSi), naqalaqevis,
abedaTisa da kalamonas (sof. naesuuinCxurSi) krebsiTi saxelwodebaa. es
mTebi erTmaneTisagan unagiriseburi
dadablebiTaa gamoyofili.
unagira polisemuri terminia da
rogorc geografiuli nomeni, niSnavs
unagiris kexiviT Cazneqil adgils
serze; uReltexils, gza-gadasasvlels
or mTas Sua. samegreloSi am
mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs agreTve leqsema ,,godirakili“ (Cadrekili).
bizantiuri wyaroebis ,,onogurisisa“
da ,,unagirad“ saxeldebuli abaSa-texuris wyalgamyofi mTaTa sistemis
igiveobis Tvalsazriss iziarebdnen T.
beraZe, g. eliava da S. jRarkava (beraZe
sigk, III, 1967: 163-165; misive sigk, IV, 1971:
57; eliava 1962: 44-45; misive 1971, 1971: 910).
naqalaqevis cixesTan texuri unagiras or nawilad kveTs. texuris marjvena mxares aRmarTuli, unagiras qveS
nagulisxmevi mTa aRwevs TeklaTamde,
ciis xeobamde. amdenad, vaxuSti cdeba,
roca wers, rom unagiras mTa texuris
,,dasavlis kidursa rionidam warmosdevs“-o. es mTa iwyeba TeklaTTan da,
amasTanave, yovelTvis rodi miuyveba
texuris marjvena sanapiros (maruaSvili 1964: 231).
unagira//onogurisis sakiTxs Tavis
mogzaurobis dRiurSi Seexo niko
berZeniSvili, romelic werda: ,,me
onoguris cixe vera vZebne, magram im
azris ara var, rom is sadRac Rrmad
xevSi imyofebodes... ufro sadRac
martvilis maxloblad aris saZiebeli...
unagiris mTa aq martvilSi gaugoniaT,
sadRac Sors, Crdilo-dasavleTiT asaxeleben... vaxuStis ki is cnoba miawodes,
rogorc Cans, rom unagiras mTa isaa,
romelic
mTel
sali partianos
CrdiloeTidan gasdevs noqalaqevamde...
(banZaSi xom ar iyo is cixe onogurisi
– onoRia???)“ (berZeniSvili 1990: 462).
mkvlevari
agrZelebs
msjelobas
onogurisis mdebareobaze da dasZens:
onoRiasTan berZnuli ,,onogurisis“
dakavSirebas TiTqos xels uSlis -ur
sufiqsi, rac onoRiaSi ar Cans, magram
enobrivi siZnelis miuxedavad materialur-Sinaarsoblivi eTanxmeba wyaroebis Cvenebas da mxars uWers onogurisis
dagulebas maincdamainc onoRiaSi (iqve:
465-466). daviT WiTanava im azrisaa, rom
onogurisis cixe sefieT-onoRiis midamoebSia saZiebeli (WiTanava 2010).
pirveli werilobiTi wyaro, sadac
unagiras mTaa moxseniebuli, rogorc
zemoT aRvniSneT, aris vaxuSti batoniSvilis naSromi, saidanac amokrefili
cnobebis analizi da dasaxlebuli
punqtebis (Sxefi, senaki, naqalaqevi, Wyondidi...) adgilmdebareoba cxadyofs, rom
aRniSnuli geografiuli obieqti mdebareobda odiSis aRmosavleT nawilSi,
texuris xeobaSi, rac dasturdeba toponimuri masalebiTac. g. eliava ,,naxunaos sasoflo sabWos“ toponimTa
nusxaSi miuTiTebs ,,unagiras“ da aRniSnavs, rom ase erqva Tamakonisa da
naxunaos mTas lebaCiedan saxarbediomde (eliava 1977: 122).
igor kekelia
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
3
vin daamyarebs samarTlianobas saqarTvelosa da msoflioSi?!
(es SeuZlia mxolod ieso
qristes)
qarTveli xalxi samarTlianobis aRdgenas moiTxovs, anu
mas qristes meored mosvla
surs. ai, ra unda qarTvelxalxs
qvecnobierad.
(m. qarTveli)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi da adrec,
arsebuli sainformacio saSualebebi,
wignebi, gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, televiziebi, radio, religiuri saaRmsareblo
institutebi,universitetebi, akademiebi
da a.S. kino da Teatri xalxebs, RmerTsa
(Semoqmedsa) da samyaroze (RmerTis
Seqmnilze) uyvebian da aswavlian erTmaneTis gamomricxav ideologiebsa da
informaciebs, vin aris marTali? sad
SeiZleba movi povoT WeSmariti informacia?!
mocemul samarTlian da globalur
SekiTxvaze pasuxi erTmniSvnelovania.
marTali, WeSmariti informacia RmerTze
(Semoqmedze) da mis mier Seqmnil yvelafersa da yoveliveze mocemulia
Zveli da axali aRqmis RvTaebriv wignSi, romelsac RmerTi Semoqmedis wminda
werili, marTali sityva ewodeba. wmida
werili (RvTis marTali sityva) gadmocemulia mokle koduri yovlismomcveli ricxobriv (10) anbanuri (40)
sityviT (informaciiT), romlis wakiTxvas da sworad gadmocemas sWirdeba
specialuri saRvTismetyvelo codna
(romlis Seswavla SeuZlia nebismier
saSualo skolis programis mcodne
adamians). amrigad, wmida werilebi gadmocemulia da Sedgenilia ormocdaaTi
(50) saRvTismetyvelo qarTuli kodiT,
romelsac saxarebasa Sina qristes
megobari lazare ewodeba.
amrigad, RvTis marTali sityva (wmida werili) rom gavSifroT da wignieri
kacobriobis gasageb enaze gadmogceT
(gadavTargmnoT),
manamde
unda
gavSifroT aTi (10) ricxobrivi da ormoci (40) asobgeriTi koduri informacia, anu gasaSifria qristes qarTuli
damwerlobiTi kodi _ lazare, romliTac Sedgenilia dedani wminda werilebi (RvTis rjulis wignebi).
imis gamo, rom wmida werilebi war-
moadgens dafaruli eniT (specialuri
eniT) daweril informacias, Tanamedrove
wignieri samRvdeloebisa da mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi misi Sinaarsis
mxolod 25%-s igeben marTebulad,
xolo 75 %-s arasworad, Tanac isini
xedaven, rom 100%-iani WeSmariteba angrevs da miwasTan asworebs Tanamedrove msoflioSi gabatonebul yalb,
ormagi
standartebiT
moqmed
msoflmxedvelobebs, xalxTa marTvis
mdabio sasuliero da saxelmwifo institutebs. amitomac gaurbian qristes
(WeSmaritebas) sasuliero, samecniero
da politikuri institutebi, romelTa
msoflmxedvelobas, saqmianobasa da
mizans ewodeba antiqriste (RmerTTan
brZola). aqedan gamomdinare, unda vicodeT, rom Tanamedrove msoflios
yvela saxis religiuri, samecniero,
politikuri institutebi da sainformacio saSualebebi kacobriobas awvdian
25% marTal da 75% yalb informacias.
amis garda, simarTles umalaven kacobriobas da sicrues simarTlis rangSi
aswavlian msoflio xalxebs.
Tqven dagebadebaT bunebrivi kiTxva,
ratom daiwera wmida werilebi (RvTis
sityva) dafaruli informaciiT da ara
wignieri kacobriobis gasageb enaze?
imis gamo, rom kacobrioba (RvTis
Svilebi) wuTisoflis dasawyisidan
masSi arsebuli RvTiuri informaciiT,
arsebobis
minimumidan
(Tevzis
xizilalis sididis kvercxujredidan
qristes mosvlamde) gadis 6X6=36 safexuris sulier-sxeulebriv aRdgoma-ganviTarebas. mas gamCeni RmerTisagan eZleva puri arsobisa misi ganviTarebis
safexurebisda mixedviT, anu eZleva informaciiis iseTi ufleba (doza),
romelsac misi suli da WurWeli
daitevs. religiebic (saRvTo swavlebebic) RmerTma
msoflios xalxebs
(RvTis Svilebs) maTi sulieri simwifis
Svideklesiuri dozis Sesabamisi daudgina.
rac Seexeba Zveli da axali aRqmis
informacias, igi gankuTvnilia maRali
sulieri simwifis kacobriobisaTvis,
romelic msoflio xalxebs codnis
purad miecema qristes meored mosvlis
Semdeg (2012-2030 wlebi) rogorc ZuZus
balRisTvis ar SeiZleba mZime sakvebis
micema, aseve balRurad moazrovne kacobriobisaTvisac ar SeiZleba mZime
informaciis micema. amitomac daiwera
wmida werilebi (RvTis sityva) dafaruli koduri SifriT. qristes
dedamiwaze meored mosvla aris zustad
is momenti, rodesac kacobrioba Sedis
Tavisi sulieri simwifis wilis miRebis
epoqaSi, anu mas udgeba Jami qristes
kvarTis miRebisa, RvTis anderZis aRsrulebisa.
imis gamo, rom 2012-2015 wlebi Ze
RmerTis (ieso qristes) dedamiwaze
meored mosvlis wina apokalifsuri
periodia, wigniuri kacobrioba aforiaqebulia da ar icis, ra qnas. am
dros mis winamZRol sasuliero da
politikur elitas sibrZne da codnis
Zala ar yofnis kacobriobas miawodos
Sesabamisi marTali informacia, raTa
gaunelos mas sulieri dabadebis
tkivilebi. arc imis unari aqvs, uTxras
mas simarTle, rom modis qriste
(mesia) da is gauCens samarTals
xalxebs da is gaaTavisuflebs kacobriobasd umecrebis (sicruis codnis)
monobisagan.
qristes mkvlelebis sulieri STamomavloba anu uria-masonebi (mTavari
damnaSaveebi) ganageben da marTaven
Tanamedrove kacobriobas, romlebic
ver (ar) ityvian, samarTlianobis gaCena
Cven ar SegviZliao, piriqiT, isini qristianuli moraliT SefuTul sikeTes
hpirdebian mas, anu cru qristes misias
TamaSoben MmTel saqarTveloSi (`bevri
mova Cemi saxeliT da ityvian qriste
varo,~ _ saxareba).
aba, kargad SexedeT Tanamedrove
saqarTvelos da Tvali gadaavleT mis
istorias 1989 wlidan dRemde, naTlad
Cans uria-masonebma rogor mokles,
awames, umowyalod devnes da miwasTan
gaaswores qarTuli erovnuli da qristianuli Rirebulebebi. vinc xelisuflebaSi moiyvana SevardnaZe da moqkavSiri, saakaSvili da nacmoZraoba,
2013 wlisaTvis misi boroti saxe
gaSiSvlda da xalxma ixila qristes
moZule israelis sinagogas boroti
ideologia, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, evropisa (natos) da noZalade imperiaTa saSineli biurokratia da
boroti qristianuli moraliT Sefu-
SeTqmulebis mowyobis braldebiT
daapatimreben saakaSvils, alasanias,
vaSaZes, sayvareliZes, bokerias...
ukve aravis epareba eWvi imaSi, rom avadsaxsenebeli
“vardebis revolucia” gaxldaT saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, romlis mTavari organizatoris roli
Tavis Tavze aiRo “xelisuflebamoyirWebulma” eduard SevardnaZem, mas Semdeg, rac amerikelebisagan
xelSeuxeblobis sruli garantia miiRo. magram
icoda ra, rom saakaSvili kurdReliviT mxdali da
mfrTxali pirovneba iyo, sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg
mowyobili revoluciis gadasarCenad SevardnaZem
srulad
ganaiaraRa
Zalovani
struqturebi,
saakaSvils ki javSanJileti Caacva da Semdeg uSiSroebis ministr xaburzanias daxmarebiTa da mkacri
meTvalyureobiT Seyara saakaSvili da mas adevnebuli
“biWuSkebi” saqarTvelos parlamentSi. Semdeg ki
saakaSvilma marTlac irwmuna rom Ce gevaras
msgavsi udreki da uSiSari revolucioneri iyo da,
rogorc Cans, garkveuli mkveTri arapolitikuri
nabijebi gaakeTa, riTac qarTveli samarTaldamcavebis
yuradReba mii pyro.
qarTuli masmedia xelisuflebasTan daaxloebul
kulvarul wyaroze dayrdnobiT skandalur informacias avrcelebs. saqme exeba Ss-s saministroSi
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 315-e muxliT mimdinare
gamoZiebas, rac SeTqmulebis an amboxis gziT saxelmwifo konstituciuri wyobilebis, Zaladobriv
damxobas an xelSi Cagdebas gulisxmobs. gazeTis
wyaros informaciiT, saministro gamoZiebas ukve amTavrebs, am etapze konkretuli pirebis danaSauli
gamoikveTa da male maT brals wauyeneben. aRniSnuli
danaSauli iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas
5-dan 8-wlamde vadiT. gazeTs wyarom Semdegi adamianebis gvarebi miwoda:
„eseni gaxlavT _ eqsprezidenti mixeil saakaSvili,
misi biZa Temur alasania, parlamentis deputati
giorgi vaSaZe, daviT sayvareliZe, giorgi baramiZe,
zurab jafariZe, irma nadiraSvili, givi TargamaZe,
uSiSroebis sabWos yofili mdivani giga bokeria,
aWaris ministrTa sabWos yofili Tavmjdomare,
“Tavisufali zonis” xelmZRvaneli koba xabazi da
am organizaciis ramdenime lideri,“ _ wers saqarTvelos presa.
mokled, droulad gaiqca es arakaci saqarTvelodan, magram mis mier Cadenil danaSaulebs xandazmulobis vada ar gaaCniaT da. adre Tu gvian, saakaSvils
aucileblad mouwevs viris abanoSio yuryuti!
saqinformi
Tuli demokratia, romelmac gaauqma
qarTuli
erovnuli
saxelmwifo
(lazare mokla) da mis nacvlad Camoayaliba uriul-armenul-masonuri saxelmwifo. ibadeba bunebrivi kiTxva: vin
aRadgens
boroti
msoflios
mmarTvelebisagan moklul lazares
(saqarTvelos)? ivaniSvili da qarTuli ocneba? – ara, vinaidan Tanamedrove
msoflioSi
arsebuli
ganaTlebis programa iZleva aTeistur-kosmopolitur
codnas
da
msoflmxedvelobas, romelic warmoSobs
mwignobarTa da farisevelTa msoflio
iseT kastas (sasuliero da politikur
elitas), romelic cnobierad dasaWurisebulia samarTlianobisa da
kanonis uzenaesobis mimarT. ai, esaa
absoluturi realoba, romlis aRqma
xelewifebaT mxolod did religiaSi
Caxedul erTeulebs. RvTaebrivi saxareba dabejiTebiT gveubneba: mkvdari
lazares aRsadgenad mesia ieso qriste
modis, aTeul aTasobiT wmidanTan erTad...
Zveli da axali aRTqmis saidumlo
koduri informaciis gasaRebia qarTuli sameba damwerloba: asomTavruli,xucuri, mxedruli da sameba
ena: svanuri qarTuli ena (qami), megruli
qarTuli ena (semi) da iberiuli qarTuli ena (iafeTi). Tanamedrove qarTuli samRvdeloeba da mecnierebi
imis nacvlad, rom qarTuli damwerlobisa da enis sulier misias
aswavlidnen da qristes mosvlas
qadagebdnen, borot politikosebs exmarebian qarTveli xalxis motyuebis
TaRliTobaSi. ai, aseTia SiSveli simarTle, romelic farTod da siRrmiseulad
aris
gadmocemuli
mirian
qarTvelis bolo wignSi: `mkvdari
lazares (qarTulis) aRdgena~. Cveni
mfarvelia sikvdilisa sikvdiliTa
damTrgunveli da saflavTa Sina sicocxlis mimniWebeli macxovari ieso.
amin!
adamiani, Tundac aTjer profesori
da akademikosi, Zveli da axali aRTqmis
WeSmarit informacias ver (ar) miiRebs,
Tu cidan (mamaRmerTisgan) ara aqvs
micemuli Sesabamisi sulieri simwifis
xarisxi.
murman xubulava
ruxis kulturisa da
dasvenebis parkis aRdgeniTi
samuSaoebi daiwyo
ruxis kulturisa da dasvenebis parki unikaluria
rogorc merqniani mcenareebis mravalferovani asortimentiT, aseve raodenobiTac. aq xarobs 2.700-mde
nargavi: himalauri kedari, zRvispira fiWvi, qsidiebi,
urTxeli, ginko, naZvi, piramiduli kviprosi, maradmwvane
muxa, koptimeria, cru qafuris xe, sxvadasxva jiSis
palmebi, iaponuri zRmartli, kamelia, mtirala tirifi,
sulinjis magnolia da sxva. bordiurebis mwkrivze
20.000-mde buCqia darguli: lugustrumi, bza, WanWyaTi...
gazonebze daTesilia koindari...
parkis mSvenebas warmoadgenen yvavilebi _ sxvadasxva jiSis vardebi: “magari baterflai”, “roza
goferi”, “granti”, “narcisi”... klumbebsa da “ragatkebSi” darguli iyo silvia, gromfrena, portulaki,
cinia, gladiolusi, mixakebi _ da es mSveneba aTeuli
wlebis ganmavlobaSi miviwyebuli da mouvleli iyo
_ ozonisa da sijansaRis nacvlad sidamples afrqvevda, ekalbardisa da sarevelebis marwuxebSi Rafavda
suls. parks dauflebuli iyvnen mavne mwerebi, qvewarmavlebi, xvlik-gombeSoebi, uwindeli walkoti jojoxeTad iyo qceuli... Cveni araerTgzisi mimarTvis
Semdeg xelisuflebam xeli gamoiRo da parki gaiwminda, dasufTavda wminda nikolozis saxelobis eklesiis teritoria, SinmousvlelTa obeliskis Semogareni, daidga ZviradRirebuli dekoratiuli lampionebi...
momavalSi gaTvaliswinebulia parkSi bavSvebisaTvis
karuselebisa da sasrialo tramplinebis dadgma,
sxva gasarTobi saSualebebis montaJi da sxva
aleko Todua,
“fazisi”-s, “aia”-s da “qaldea”-s akademiebis
wevri,
naTia jguSia,
“fazisi”-s akademiis wevri
4
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
xjhoj!!lbUbmjlpt!bncsptj!yfmbjbt!!Tftbyfc
mkiTxveli ukve icnobs, mweral boris daviTaias
naSroms ,,wamebuli patriarqi ambrosi“, romelic
Tanmimdevrulad didi xani ibeWdeboda gazeT
„iloris“ furclebze. amjerad dainteresebul mkiTxvels saSualeba mieca es masalebi wignad akinZuli waikiTxos.
biografiul-dokumenturi prozis saxiT sazogadoebisTvis SeTavazebuli am naSromze avtorma
TiTqmis Svidi weli imuSava. komunisturi yofisTvis
miuRebeli patriarqis ara mxolod saarqivo masalebi
iyo tabudadebuli, aramed idevnebodnen wminda ambrosis naTesavebi da axloblebi. cnobebis simwiris
gamo gamoqveynebul masalebSi gai para bevri uzustoba.
farTe sazogadoebisTvis TiTqmis ucnobi iyo
suliwmindis mSoblebisa da STamomavlebis bedi.
erTad Tavmoyrili ar iyo is gamokvlevebi da
Sexedulebebi, romlebic cal-calke sakmaod gamoqveynda.
gmirebs ar iviwyeben. gmirebi arian yvela sferoSi.
wminda eklesiis wiaRSic. amitom iyo, rom saqarTvelos
prezidentis 2013 wlis 26 oqtomberis brZanebiT aRmsarebel ambrosis mieniWa saqarTvelos gmiris wodeba.
saqarTvelos wmindanTa cxovreba sarwmunoebisa
da mamulisadmi erTgulebiTaa gajerebuli, raSic
gvarwmunebs Tedore mRvdlis, giorgi mTawmindelis,
petre iberis, kirion-2-isa da uamrav sxvaTa sibrZne
da simamace.
dasaxelebul mRvdelmTavarTa Soris uwmindesi
da unetaresi, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaias cxovreba da saqmianoba aris RirsebisTvis wamebuli adamianis xateba. man iRvawa ara
mxolod sulieri kanonebiT, aramed me-20 saukunis
pirvel naxevarSi Rirseulad atara patriarqis
mantia. igi ar darCa valSi qarTuli kulturis
winaSe. Tamamad gauswora Tvali av bedisweras.
maSinac ki, roca SeeZlo mSvidad ecxovra, ar ikadra
mitmasnilTa damcirebuli xvedri gaeziarebina da
upirvelesma aRmarTa protestis jvari. is savsebiT
Segnebulad Seudga golgoTis gzas.
cxadia misi sulieri mrwamsi SeuTavsebeli Seiqna
imJamindeli yofisTvis, ramac Sva winaaRmdegobis
vulkani. es vulkani Smagi ZaliT ekveTa wiTeli
burJuaziis uxeS jebirebs da Tu ver gaangria,
moaryia is, Sva Semdgomi vulkanuri biZgebi. amiT
mogvca magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor unda iqceodes
WeSmariti mamuliSvili.
am qveynad naklebad moiZebneba pirovneba, romelic
gulgrili iyos sakuTari sicocxlisadmi. ambrosi
xelaiam dasZla es SiSi da Zrwola samSoblosadmi
erTgulebis gamo.
winamdebare wigns mwerluri warmosaxvac avsebs.
b. daviTaiam miiCnia rom istoriul wyaroebsa da
naTesavTa mogonebebze dayrdnobiT Seegrovebina
masalebi, Semdeg gaeTbo sakuTar ubeSi da SeeTavazebina Zvirfasi mkiTxvelisaTvis. istoriul
masalebis siWarbe emsaxureba imas, rom mkiTxveli
darwmundes imJamindel yofaSi, Tu rogor pirobebSi
da ra mdgomareobaSi uwevda patriarqs cxovreba da
moRvaweoba.
wignis SesavalSi mwerali madlobas moaxsenebs
yvela mkvlevarsa da Semoqmeds, romelTa naSromebze
dayrdnobiT SesaZlebloba mieca Seedgina metnaklebad Sevsebuli da gadamuSavebuli avtobiografiuli
wigni. aqve ganmartavs, rom ,,iqneb mkiTxvelma dasvas
SekiTxva, ra saWiroa amdeni naSromi, amdeni gamokvleva? me maT Tavad ambrosi xelaias sityvebiT vupasuxeb: ,,xalxs aqvs moTxovna eZebos idealebi Tavis
winaprebis cxovrebaSi. patriarqi ambrosi idealia
CemSi“.
308-gverdiani naSromi, romelsac erTvis ilustraciebi da gamoyenebuli literatura, poligrafiulad kargad aris Sesrulebuli da igi mniSvnelovani SenaZenia wmindanTa cxovrebisa.
aza garuCava
sametyvelo bgerebis warmoSobisa da megrul (iberiul) enaSi maTgan mniSvnelobebis miRebis Sesaxeb
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, arsebobs Cx‚
Ziriseul formas bunebrivad Sezrdili
r, rac gvaZlevs Ziriseul formebs
rCx‚‚ (¬r‚Cx‚‹ Cx‚r‚) da, pirdapir,
pirveladi Cx‚r‚, romlisganac gamomdinareobs sityvebi Cx‚ranc‚, Cx‚rafa,
Cx‚rafafa da a.S. da arsebobs Cx‚
Ziriseul formas xelovnurad damatebuli r‚, romelTa kompozitisgan Camoyalibda, mag., sityva cxeli. Cx‚r‚fi
Cx‚re ®Cxere, ®Cxele, ®Cxeli _®cxeli.
Cx‚ Ziriseuli forma Svidtomeulis
avtorebs ganxilul ara aqvT.
cecxlSi gaxurebul qvas Tu davasxamT wyals, an gaxurebuli foladis
Reros CavyofT wyalSi, gavigonebT
bgeraTa kompleqss Cx‚-Cx‚-Cx‚... am realobaze xmabaZviT sagnis gaxurebulma
mdgomareobam iberiul enaSi miiRo
saxeldeba Cx‚, ‚ bgeris gaxmovanebis
Semdeg Cxe (cxeli).
`Wy‚[‚] Ziriseuli forma, _ ganxiluli aqvT Svidtomeulis avtorebs
da aRniSnaven, _ `xmabaZviTia~-o, magram
ar akonkreteben ra realobaze xmabaZviTaa igi warmoSobili da ratomaa igi
sustis (umweos, ganwirulis) gamomxatveli forma.
Wyivian susti arsebebi, moWyarWyarebs
male gaSrobadi nakaduli, Wy‚-Wy‚-Wy‚...
bgeraTa kompleqsi gvesmis wyliT
gaJRenTil WenWyobSi gavlisas da misi
aramdgradobis gamo xSirad veflobiT
masSi. amitom gvaqvs sityvebi, romlebic
sisustes gamoxataven: Wy‚rWyini (WiWyini), Wyivili (Wyiafi), Wyala (wyevla),
Wyord‚ (wydeba) WenWyobi da sxva.
ramdenad srulyofilad Cavwvdi da
aRvwere sametyvelo bgerebis warmoSobis saidumloebani, enaTmecnierebiT
dainteresebuli farTo mkiTxveli
sazogadoebisa da am dargis specialistebis gansasjelia, magram rogorc
vnaxeT, mokvleuli maqvs konkretulad
yvela Tanxmovani bgerisa da Sesabamisi
TanxmovniT gamoxatuli Ziriseuli
formebis warmoSobis safuZveli, romlis nawili 2006 wels gamovaqveyne
patara wignad (`megruli (iberiuli)
enis
bgeraTa
warmoSobisa
da
mniSvnelobebis zogierTi sakiTxi~).
Semdgom
aman
momca
safuZveli
Semeswavla bevri erovnuli warmoSobis
uZvelesi sityvis etimologia.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, Seufasebelia mama-Svilis m. da c. ZaZamiebis
Rvawli mecnierebisa da samSoblos
winaSe da Cems publikaciebSi yvelgan
vusvamdi xazs maTs damsaxurebas, jer
kidev, maTi Svidtomeulis gamoqveynebamde. ai, erT-erTi Cemi misdami
Sexeduleba: `es problema (mxedvelobaSi mqonda akad. g. axvledianis
mier dasmuli qvemoaRniSnuli amocana)
gadauWreli rCeboda manam, sanam
msoflio enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebis
damamuxruWebel dogmas, enis leqsikis
udidesi nawilis aramotivirebulobis,
SemTxveviTobis da nebismierobis (pirobiTobis), amasTan, Tanamedrove enebSi
Tavdapirveli metyvelebis kvalis
ararsebobis Sesaxeb, daamsxvrevdnen
mama-Svili m. da c. ZaZamiebi. kvlevis
obieqtad airCies ra megruli ena, isini
siRrmiseulad Cawvdnen metyvelebis,
sityvisa da TviT sametyvelo bgerebis
Casaxvis mizezs (Tumca, zogadi debulebis garda, romelime Tanxmovani
bgerisa da harmoniuli kompleqsebis
warmoSobis safuZveli mcire gamonaklisisa da danarCenis warmomavlobis
mSrali
miTiTebis
(xmabaZviTia,
bunebiTia) garda, maTi gamRebi realobebi da maTgan mniSvnelobebis
miRebis safuZvlebi arsad ara aqvT
dakonkretebuli. k.f.) da warmogvidines
orfexa veluri cxovelis gabmuli
zmuilidan danawevrebuli adamianuri
metyvelebis Camoyalibebis meqanizmi~
(kukuri fifia, megruli (iberiuli)
enis
bgeraTa
warmoSobisa
da
mniSvnelobebis zogierTi sakiTxi, 2006,
gv. 3).
xSirad veyrdnobi maT Sromebs da
veTanxmebi m. ZaZamias, rom `mecniereba
sxva araferia, Tu arada WeSmaritebis
warmoCena. WeSmaritebaa, magaliTad, isic,
rom wvims da Tovs, magram amis qaRaldze aRniSvna Tu zepiri gacxadeba,
mecniereba ver iqneba. magram, axsna
imisa, Tu ra iwvevs wvimasa da Tovls,
ukve mecnierebaa, da amgvari ram pirveladaa warmoCenili, mecnierul aRmoCenad iTvleba~ (g-Ti `ilori~ 27 maisi
_ 3 ivnisi 2014 weli, me-4 sveti).
e. i. dedamiwis flora da fauna `dajildoebulia erTi saerTo TvisebiT
Tu unariT _ bgerebis gaRebiT~, magram
bunebis mier gaRebuli auracxeli
bgeris (ix. m. ZaZamia, c. ZaZamia, enis
warmoSobis saidumloeba, 1997, gv. 30-31)
`qaRaldze aRniSvna Tu zepiri gacxadeba, ver iqneba mecniereba~, xolo, maTive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `axsna imisa,
Tu ra iwvevs~, magaliTad, bgeraTa kompleqss Cx‚ r‚r‚r‚-s, rogor Camoyal-
ibda es Sorisdebuli Ziriseul formad
rCx‚‚ da ris safuZvelze miiRo man
recxvas mniSvneloba, `ukve mecnierebaa~.
h. fenrixma da z. sarjvelaZem wignSi
`qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri
leqsikoni~ warmoadgines sxvadasxva
dros sxvadasxva avtorTa mier moZiebuli 1500-mde Ziriseuli forma, magram
maTi
warmomavloba
da
maTgan
mniSvnelobebis miRebis safuZvlebi ar
ukvleviaT.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Svidtomeulis
avtorebma dReisaTvis ukve moiZies 6652
Ziriseuli forma da maTi saafiqsacio
saSualebebi (prefiqsebi, infiqsebi, sufiqsebi), e.i. Seasrules warmoudgenlad
titanuri mecnieruli samuSao, magram
mcire gamonaklisisa da TiTo sityviT
(xmabaZviTia, bunebiTia) miTiTebis garda,
ver vnaxe (iqneb me ver vnaxe), konkretulad ama Tu im Ziriseuli formis
warmomavlobisa da maT mier mniSvnelobis miRebis mtkicebebi, Tundac, im
doneze, rogorc es me SevZeli rCx‚‚,
rty‚, ty‚, Cx‚, Wy‚ da sxva Ziriseuli
formebis mimarT (Tumca, yvelafers
erT kacs ver mosTxov). amasTan, Tu
gaviziarebT msoflioSi erT-erTi
uZlieresi fonetikosis akad. giorgi
axvledianis azrs, rom `sametyvelo
bgeraTa warmoSobis gadaWras SeuZlia
gadamwyveti sityva Tqvas saerTod
metyvelebis warmoSobis sakiTxSi,
radganac araferi enobrivi araa iseTi
saerTo ram yvela enisaTvis, rogorc
fizikur-biologiuri bgeris gamoyeneba
sametyvelo masalad~ (g. axvlediani,
zogadi fonetikis safuZvlebi, 1999, gv.
390) da ganvixilavT am sakiTxSi Cems
mier Sesrulebul samuSaos, did codvad
ar unda CameTvalos Cemi Tamami ganacxadi: `mama-Svilis m. da c. ZaZamiebisa da
Cems garda, Ziriseuli formebis kvleva
aravis uwarmoebia~-meTqi. magram es
iwyina b-nma mamantim da erT-erT
satelefono
saubarSi
miTxra:
`Ziriseuli formebis kvlevis Seneuli
meTodi arasworia da ar SemiZlia
gverdiT dagidgeo~.
Ziriseuli formebis kvlevis Cems
mier SemuSavebuli meTodi ramdenad
srulyofilia, amas momavali gaarkvevs
da aucilebelicaa, magram, cxadia, aseTi
meTodiT kvleva Cemamde aravis uwarmoebia da, ra Tqma unda, ucnobia enaTmecnierebisaTvis, rac aRniSna, kidec,
cnobilma enaTmecnierma avTandil
arabulma Cemi naSromis `ra enaze
metyvelebdnen iberebi?~ recenziaSi.
amaze vakeTebdi yovelTvis aqcentirebas, Torem, ra Tqma unda, didi mkrexeloba iqneboda Cemi mokrZalebuli
naSromebis avtors fiqradac rom gamevlo gulSi 25000 tomeulis (kompiuteruli versia) Semqmneli genialuri
mecnieris simaRleze dadgoma, an misi
CamoqveiTeba Cems donemde. magram
bunebis Seuvali kanoni aseTia:
urTierT sapirispiro cnebebisa da realobebis gareSe, samyaro ver iarsebebda. ver iarsebebda maRalxarisxovani
mdares gareSe. maRali dabalis gareSe,
naTeli bnelis gareSe da a.S. da a.S.
da bolos, didi (mamanti ZaZamia) pataras
(kukuri fifias) gareSe. amitom unda
viarseboT orivem mSvidad da harmoniaSi.
me mudam meqneba didi mamanti ZaZamias
pativiscema da ver warmomidgenia Zala,
romelic misdami damokidebulebas
Semacvlevinebs.
me arasodes miTxovia, damideqiT
gverdiT da gamamagrebineT Cemi Sexedulebebi-meTqi. piriqiT, recenzentebs
vTxovdi yovelTvis da vTxov kidec,
daundobeli, magram obieqturi iyon
Cemi naSromebis mimarT. asea ukeTesi
mecnierebisa da, saerTod, sazogadoebis
ganviTarebisaTvis. miuxedavad Sesrulebuli titanuri Sromebisa, vfiqrobT,
mamanti ZaZamia da, aseve, vercerTi sxva
didi mecnieri ver ityvis, rom Cemi
muSaobis sferoSi amovwure yvelaferi
da sxvaTa Careva zedmetiao.
rac Seexeba winamdebare gamokvlevas,
wamoweuli sakiTxis srulyofilad
Seswavlis pretenzia ara maqvs, magram
Tavad sakiTxi enaTmecnierebaSi dRemde
Seswavlil sakiTxebze naklebRirebuli
ar unda iyos da mrCeba imedi, rom momavali Taobis enaTmecnierebi, maTs
xelSi arsebuli teqnikuri saSualebebisa da enaTmecnieruli meTodebis
gamoyenebiT, CauRrmavdebian sakiTxs da
mecnierul-akademiurad srulyofil
naSroms miawodeben dainteresebul
sazogadoebas.
kukuri fifia,
`fazisisa~ da `aias~ saero-samecniero akademiebis wevri, kolxuri
kulturuli memkvidreobis
Seswavlisa da dacvis asociaciis
vice-prezidenti
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
Ria werili amerikaSi moRvawe “profesors” dodona kizirias
araviTari survili ar mqonda pasuxi
gameca TqvenTvis, radgan avadsaxsenebeli
“nacionalebis” brma mxardamWeri (“brma”
Tu angaJirebuli _ es kidev calkea
dasazustebeli) brZandebiT, nacionalebi
ki politikuri leSebi arian da amieridan aqeben Tu agineben, es dids arafers
Secvlis maT raobaSi, amitom, nacebsa
Tu maT mxardamWerebTan davas drois
fuWad
gaflangvad
miviCnev.
Cemi
guliswyroma gamoiwvia Tqvenma ramdenime
publikaciam, romelic gaJRenTilia brma
“aranasiZulviliT
yovelive
cionalurisadmi” da gundrukis kmeviT
msoflio politikis istoriaSi “Seuracxadis” saxeliT Sesuli somexi daSnakis saakaSvilisadmi.
sainteresoa, riTi mogxibles ase
saqarTvelos damangrevelma nacionalebma da maTma dorblianma beladma? im
fulebiT xom ara, romelsac es saqarTvelos damaqcevrebi uxvad urigebdnen TavianT evroamerikel “misionerebs”, raTa
piari
gaeCaRebinaT, Savrazmeluri,
“nacionaluri
mkvlelTa
legioni
moZraoba” progresul politikur Zalad
warmoeCinaT, maTi mosulelo, meqalTane,
sisxlismsmeli, sulierad da zneobrivad
maxinji, ukulturo da gaunaTlebeli
beladi saakaSvili ki “demokratiis
Suqurad” waredginaT qrTams daxarbebuli
evroamerikeli
homoseqsualebisaTvis?
sxva pasuxi ar moiZebneba _ Cemi
azriT Tqvenc iseTive fulze sulgayiduli arseba brZandebiT, rogoric
bevri sxva angaJirebuli kosmopoliti,
romelTac saqarTvelo mxolod im
nazuqad miaCndaT, romelic dinjad unda
daWra da miirTva. da marTlac amoisunTqa qarTvelma erma maSin, roca mtkice
uari uTxra avadsaxsenebel nacionalebs
da nazuqi bevrad naklebad surnelovani,
magram maTTvis Rirseuli gadamJavebuli
kerZiT Seucvala. swored amas ver inelebT Tqven da Tqvennairi sulgayiduli
vaiqarTvelebi da axla mxolod imis
imediT suldgmulobT, rom istoriis
Carxi ukuRma datrialdes da nacionalebTan erTad im salafavidan gaagrZeloT Tqvlefa, rasac saxelmwifos
biujeti hqvia!
ver moeswrebiT, kosmopolito kiziria,
Tqven da Tqvennairi viTom qarTvelebi
am aSkarad maxinji ocnebis axdenas _
rac ginaxavT, veRar naxavT!
namdvilad arakolxuri, amazrzeni da
saZraxisia Tqveni opusi, sadac qarTvel
msaxiob qals lali baduraSvils utvinos uwodebT. me ar vicnob qalbaton
lalis da arc mis inteleqtualur
SesaZleblobebze gamaCnia amomwuravi
Tu zedapiruli informacia, magram is,
rom man ekranze gaacocxla didi konstantines gmiri qali _ Sorena, ukve miuCens qalbaton lalis Rirseul adgils
saqarTvelos avtoritetul Svilebs
Soris. Tqven ra konkretuli sikeTe mohgvareT saqarTvelos, Tundac amerikaSi
yofnisas, garda avadsaxsenebeli “nacionalebis” brma mxardaWerisa, eg kidev
sakiTxavia! da Tu lali baduraSvils
nacionalebi da saakaSvili ar uyvars,
es misi da im milionobiT xalxis piradi
azria, romelmac didi xania zurgi Seaqcia am politikur araraobebs!
Tqven gSurT qalbatoni lalis silamazisa, rogorc Cveulebriv jojos
uvsebs Tvals gedis xibli, magram lali
RmerTma gaaCina aseTi, da Tqvenc RmerTma
gagaCinaT iseTi _ rogoric xarT _ es
arc Tqveni bralia da arc lali
baduraSvilis damsaxureba _ es winaprebisagan boZebuli genetikuri xazia,
razedac qvemoTac gveqneba saubari. ai,
rogori daboRmili da Suriani arseba
brZandebiT Tqven, qalbatono kiziria!
nuTu erTxel mainc ar dafiqrebulxarT imaze, Tu ratom surda
saakaSvils saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis
quTaisSi gadatana, ratom akafinebda
kaxel glexebs venaxs, ratom xocavda
axalgazrdebs quCebSi dRisiT-mzisiT.
ratom clida saqarTvelos qarTvelebisagan da ratom uqmnida mosaxleobas autanel socialur da yofiT pirobebs?
nuTu ar iciT, rom es da sxva mravali
siavkace mravalsaukunovani daSnakuri
ocneba gaxlavT, rac aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos gasomxebas gulisxmobs?
magram TqvenTvis mTavaria is ocdaaTi
vercxli, romelsac daSnaki saakaSvili
da misi damqaSebi gixdidnen saqarTvelos
daqcevisaTvis da ara qveynis saZirkvelze
dadebuli ocdaaTi aguri!
ai, aseTi “kolxi” brZandebiT Tqven,
qalbatono kiziria!
Tqvenda sabednierod kargad var
aRzrdili da vici, Tu ra ar unda
akadro qals, Tundac igi amas imsaxurebdes, Torem im sityvebis patrons,
rasac Tqven gulisamrevi isteriiT
iyenebT im Rirseuli adamianebis mimarT,
romlebic ruseTTan keTilmezobluri
urTierTobebis aRdgeniT cdiloben
saqarTveloSi dRes arsebuli teritoriuli problemebis gadaWras, naRdad
ekuTvnis Tavze nagviT savse saTlis
wamomxoba!
Tqven arSemdgari adamiani xarT, Seuxedavi, saqmeebSi arc Tu didad warmatebuli da amitomac gZulT moxdenili,
saqmiani da keTilSobili adamianebi!
ver daveTanxmebi im azrs, adamianze
rom ityvian: ra kargi pirovnebaa, rogori
kulturuliao! Cveni Sinagani kultura
araa Cveni damsaxureba _ igi winaprebis
mier Cveni xerxemlis tvinSi memkvidreobiT gadmocemuli genetikuri kodia, rac
evoluciuri procesi gaxlavT. Cveni
damsaxureba gaxlavT Cveni ganaTleba _
ramdenime wlis SromiT miRebuli codna,
romelic
revoluciuri
procesi
gaxlavT. rogorc Cans, mTlad tlu da
gaunaTlebeli pirovneba ar unda iyoT,
radgan sakuTar personas “profesorad”
moixseniebT. ase rom, Tqveni TvalSisacemi
ukulturoba, rac Tqvens ubadruk opusebSi gamosWvivis, Tqveni winaprebis bralia
da ara Tqveni _ radgan swored maTgan
wamosulma genetikurma signalma dagtovaT miyruebuli soflis avyia
dedakacis mentalur doneze!
iqneb sicocxlis daisSi mainc gaakeToT swori arCevani, radgan dro aSkarad
aRar muSaobs Tqveni da istoriis
sanagveze mosrolili nacionalebis
sasargeblod!
mainc keTili survilebiT,
roland jalaRania,
poeziis kuTxe
bJa do ma
gobarCxalu bJaq gvalaSe,
tans rgil hava munmoqundu,
gebdirT, Cxanas quRaWale:
- muSen mecil, hamas blurdu.
Cxanaq miwu – goxioldas,
Cqim xeS ginofuConafa,
vara arT dRas vabZirunq do
mus goxvaru SxvaS „Cxonafa“…
Tim ndRar ukul, ir oWmares
eTmobdirTuq ialonSa,
xe do pijis Cxana mibons,
TiS sitibas fxvamanq oSSa!
* * *
miSuojanuq narRiS SqarTuns...
varT Tuns,
mara gurs muT varTuns
marTus dinolafir rina?!
nina akokiler mafu,
eSmalafu...
eS, malafuns,
muWoT afuns falir Txina!
ekeniaS oWumare
muWo miбѓёors damorCiliS, ekeniaS
oWumare,
bJa daRaras barCxalans do hamo
Cxoriefi mare,
uCaRaliS masqur irqens, gurs xioliS Wara mare,
Sara vare, madinafus, veludirTe
vamexvare…
mara vorwyeq, oragades, muki ubadoba gare Tecal borjis moko eble, moko
ible, moko bRvare,
gazeT “iloris” mTavri redaqtori
muTun giSaular vare, CqiCquSoro
P.S. gTxovT yvelas, ersa da bers, gilengare,
vaxvar gaRas muTun kvaRa, oko
didsa da pataras, miawodoT es werxanda oko Ware!
ili qalbaton kizirias, radgan me
ar gamaCnia arc misi koordinatebi
da
arc
masTan urTierTobis
funs afuni
survili!
afuns duSu gargaliSa kaba,
r.j.
quguqargaf Zicasбѓёunel piref.
prankeri vovani 4 Tve urekavda bomJ da aralegal saakaSvils
da Tavs ministr avakovad asaRebda, miSa ki mas interpolTan
gamosarClebas da Zmis _ daviTis gaTavisuflebas sTxovda, ris
gamoc senator makkeinTan saubari mouwyo!
ukraineli msaxiobi _ prankeri, metsaxelad „vovani“ LifeNews-is eTerSi mixeil saakaSvilTan Tavis urTierTobebze
mohyva. aRmoCnda, rom ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi prankeri
vovani saakaSvils urekavda da Tavi ukrainis Sinagan saqmeTa
ministr arsen avakovad warudgina!
satelefono xulignis TqmiT, mixeil saakaSvili amerikel
politikosebs aRar ainteresebT. saqarTveloSi misi
gasamarTleba surT da manac, egona ra, rom ukrainis Ss ministrs elaparakeboda, sTxova xeli moewera interpolSi
gasagzavn saproteqcio werilze, romelic Tavad dawera.
„saakaSvilma mTxova, rom xeli momewera werilisTvis da
interpolSi gamegzavna. Zalian eSinia, rom saerTaSoriso
ZebnaSi gamoacxadeben da saqarTveloSi gaagzavnian. werilis
naxvisas didxans vicine. iq sakuTar Tavs evropaSi TavisuflebisTvis gamoCenil mebrZols uwodebs“, _ hyveba prankeri
vovani. amasTan, satelefono xuliganma ivarauda, rom mixeil
saakaSvili aSS-Si „Citis uflebebiT“ sargeblobs (anu is
aralegali da bomJia). roca vovanma mas senator jon
makkeinTan dakavSireba sTxova ukrainaSi iaraRis miwodebis
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos yofilma liderma
prankers survili Seusrula, Tumca senators gansakuTrebuli
yuraReba ar gamouCenia saakaSvilis Txovnisadmi.
„Tavidan vfiqrobdi, rom saakaSvils amerikaSi seriozuli
gavlena hqonda, Tumca aRmoCnda, rom es ase ar aris. igi
didxans mpirdeboda evropis sakiTxebSi aSS-is prezidentis
mrCevelTan dakavSirebas, Tumca es ar momxdara. Tavad
makeinTan saubari arc ise xangrZlivi gamodga, aqedan
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos yofili prezidenti
aSS-Si Citis uflebebiT imyofeba“, _ ambobs prankeri vovani.
morigi saubrisas saakaSvilma „avakovs“ piradi TxovniT
mimarTa _ gadaeWra misi Zmis _ daviTis problemebi, romelsac
ukrainis xelisufleba vadagasuli vizis gamo kievidan deportirebas upirebdnen.
„piradi Txovna maqvs. Cemi Zma axla borsi polis aeroportSia, is gaaCeres. wels mas 90 dReze meti aqvs gatarebuli
5
ukrainaSi, misi ukan deportireba undaT. saqarTveloSi es
politikuri skandali iqneba. SegiZlia Caerio?“ _ sTxova
daxmareba saakaSvilma. „sinamdvileSi is ukrainul kompaniebTan
muSaobs, yvelaferi legaluradaa. ubralod, am 90-dRianma
wesma avtomaturad imuSava. amis Tavidan acileba rom SeiZebodes, ukrainaSi Tavis mdgomaroebas uproblemod daaregulirebda. axla iq zis, erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi SesaZloa
ukan gamoaZevon da es maSinve skandals gamoiwvevs“, _
saqarTvelos eqsprezidenti.
mixeil saakaSvilis Zmas 2006 wlidan 2012 wlamde iusticiis
umaRlesi skolis xelmZRvanelis posti ekava. prezident SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis xanaSi igi saqarTvelos iusticiis
saministros sistemis kadrebis atestaciis process xelmZRvanelobda. aseve ityobinebodnen, rom igi „visolis“ benzingasamarTi sadgurebis _ faqtobrivi da wyneTSi mdidruli
saxlis mflobelia. saxelganTqmuli naTesavis TqmiT, daviTi
axla ukrainaSi biznesiTaa dakavebuli.
prankerma gadawyvita eqsprezidents daxmareboda da aeroportsa da sasazRvro samsaxurSi dareka, Tumca amjerad
Tavi avakovis mrCevlad _ anton geraSCenkod warmoadgina.
ramdenime zaris Semdeg deportaciis sakiTxi gadaiWra. amis
Sesaxeb prankers Tavad aeroportSi myofma daviTma Seatyobina.
mogvianebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom problema gadaWrilia, xuligans
aeroportis TanamSromlebmac acnobes.
qarTvelebo! da es idioti Tqveni prezidenti iyo 9 wlis
ganmavlobaSi?!
pranki (ingl. Prank _ oini, gamoxtoma, celqoba, ancoba) _
satelefono xulignoba, satelefono oinia. adamianebi, romlebic prankis praqtikas ewevian, prankerebad iwodebian.
prankerebi axorcieleben satelefono zarebs (Cveulebriv,
anonimurs) Tavisi msxverplisadmi da, provokaciisa da
xumrobis meSveobiT, msxverpls did sapasuxo reaqcias
aiZuleben.
saqinformi
gasxapana, qomjgunano daba karkacana masqvamia ciref.
uxane do uxeneli ixi
qimkodine, masqur iqaqalu,
gondRulafe ekonia Wixi,
farfalia farfal ifarfalu.
* * *
so mantired Te бѓёorofa guriS tombas makvirendu.
Wvalmegamil, naWorofu,
sqan sitibas bnakverandi.
alemgardi, olafares
alatebul cindalcalo...
ugufal do uбѓёofares _
Zel do Zvali macancalu.
vadmacalu gopirua
afuns mokaTafil Cxuruq...
narRiS daCxirs vofurua
do nakvaCxirs muwmobRuruq.
* * *
qaSamWof do akobborkin,
vamitenq do giбѓёunq jalo.
Surubado, furi morkin,
vadmaTxinu ZaTanZalo.
aбѓІSa arTi gumorduni,
ase gomre viTi gvalo.
mu didaS bJaq gumobrduni,
Surs gimoxe nabarbalo.
бѓёanWicalo mugadiarq
do si mikmodinuq valo...
gvalo dudiSia бѓёofeq gumaTeo Zel do Zvalo?!
giga qavTaraZe
6
ioane naTlismcemelma ieso qristes
movlinebaSi mamlis yivilis (yioni)
roli Seasrula. Tu ratom mamlis
yivilis roli, amaSi axlave davrwmundebiT.
rodesac mamali iyivlebs (yioni), aucileblad gaTendeba (Tanafa-gaTeneba),
magram “Tanafa” megrulad aRdgomasac
niSnavs, mamalma iyivla (yioni), anu
ioane (yioni-iona) naTlismcemelma
iwinaswarmetyvela iesos movlineba, iseso qriste moevlina qveyanas, rasac
mohyva misi mowameobrivi sicocxle da
jvarcma, bolos ki moxda misi aRdgoma
(Tanafa-gaTeneba).
yioni
(yivili)
ganxorcielda
pirovnebis saxiT ionaSi (ioaneSi).
am SualedSi, gaTenebamde droSi Semodis iesoSi qriste da yalibdeba is
rogorc RmerTi. mamaRmerTis nebiT is
jvars ecva, misi wveTi sisxlisa ecema
dedamiwaze, romelzec is aRtacebiT
ambobs: “aha, aRsrulda”. e.i. miwieri,
anu adamiani daukavSirda ciurs, anu
RmerTs da qristes aRdgomasTan erTad
Sewyda sulis gafantva, anu qvesknelSi
damarxva, e.i. moxda kacobriobisaTvis
sulieri gaTeneba anu Tanafa.
rogorc cnobilia, kolxuri tomebi
ganfenilni iyvnen, rogorc Savi, aseve
xmelTaSua zRvis auzebSi. maT Soris
palestinaSi da araferi gasakviri
imaSi ar unda iyos, rom es upirvelesi
qristianuli misteriaa da am misteriis
erT-erTi mTavari monawilis-ioanes
saxeli pirdapir kavSirSi iyos kolxeTTan.
kolxeTTanaa dakavSirebuli TviT
toponimi “golgoTa”; gola-goTe (mTa,
goraki _ naTeli, mziani, uCrdilo,
utyeo). marTlac golgoTa aseTi iyo
“qriste”-s epoqaSi. amis Sesaxeb Cven
vwerdiT Jurnal “aia”-Si, sadac
gamovaqveyneT statia: “kolxizmebi qarTulsa da sxva enebSi” (Jurnal “aia” 7,
1991 weli, gv.37-39).
aseve toponimi “sodomi”, romelic
Cveni azriT momdinareobs kolxuri
“codami”-dan rac niSnavs codvians:
amas ki me mgoni komentaric ar sWirdeba, radganac yvelas gagonili aqvs am
bibliuri qalaqis codvebis Sesaxeb.
axla anTroponim “mavzolis” Sesaxeb.
kariis (mxare mcire aziaSi) mefe
Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-4 saukuneSi.
misi mefobis dros karia ganTavisuflda sparselebis batonobisgan. mavzolma dedaqalaqi gadaitana milosidan halikarnasSi da swored halikarnasSi aRimarTa mavzoleuli mis saxelze, romelic Semdgom gaxda erT-
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
erTi msoflios Svid saocrebaTa
Soris.
rogorc istoriidan aris cnobili
mavzolma (mavzoli da ara mavsoli,
romelic modis berZnulidan, radganac
berZnulSi ara gvaqvs bgera _ “z” da
raSic aqve davrwmundebiT) Tavisive
sicocxleSi isurva, rom mis saflavze
aRemarTaT akldama da aseve cobilia,
rom akldamis mSenebloba daiwyo, rodesac is jer kidev cocxali iyo. mas
marTlac usurvebia, radgan kolxurad
“me visurve” gamoiTqmis rogorc “ma
vizali” saidanac sabolood miviReT
mavzoli.
rogor unda gadaqceuliyo es fraza
akldamis saxelad? pirvel rigSi gvinda
aRvniSnoT, rom msgavsi saxelebi megrulSi Zalzed gavrcelebulia. magaliTad
mokodi (mindodi), vamokodi (ar mindodi),
vaRuria (ukvdavi) da a.S. xolo rac Seexeba evropaSi Zalzed gavrcelebuli
saxelis da gvaris “korneli” (magaliTad cnobili frangi dramaturgi korneli da sxva), es sityva gamodis kolxuri “korineli”-dan rac niSnavs-ndomas,
survils, nandurs. ase, rom SesaZlebelia,rom mavzolis marTlac rqmeoda
es saxeli ma-vizali. meores mxriv da
rac Cven ufro sarwmunod migvaCnia
aris is, rom TviTon mavzolma isurva,
swored mcenareTa ayvavileba, rusuli
первый- pirveli, inglisuri firstpirveli, berZnuli protos–pirveli, prowin, windawin, winaswar, laTinur iprae–
igive mniSvnelobiT, laTinuri primapirveli da mravali sxva. yvela am
sityvis amosavalia kolxuri sityva
pir-ua kvirtis sxma, gafurCqvna, ayvavileba. swored am sityvis fuZe “pir”,
“pr” uzis yvela zemoT CamoTvlil
sityvebs fuZed da swored misgan
momdinareobs
is
semantikuri
mniSvnelobebi, romlebic maT Semdgom
miiRes. es erTi mxriv. meore mxriv
megrulSi sityvebi T-xorua (damarxva)
da xorua (dasaxleba) erT fuZezea
agebuli (amave fuZisaa rusuli
хоронить _ damarxva). ras unda niSnavdes es? Cemi azriT, radgan Zvelebis
rwmeniT maT uSenebdnen piramidebs,
mavzoleumebs, akldamebs da saerTod
samarovnebs, romlebSic Caatandnen
xolme sxvadasxva nivTebs, romeli
nivTebic maT TiTqos dasWirdebodaT
sikvdilis Semdeg. amitom es erTi
mxriv iyo Txorua (damarxva), xolo
meore mxriv xorua (dasaxleba),
radganac piramidebis, mavzoleumebis,
akldamebis da samarovnebis ageba
aranakleb rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo
iyo, vidre im nagebobebis ageba, rom-
rom misi sikvdilis Semdeg akldamas
darqmeoda mis mier warmoTqmuli es
fraza ”ma vizali” (me visurve).
rogorc cnobilia karielebi ar
iyvnen indoevropuli tomebi da kariis
mefis mavzolis Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli etimologias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, cxadi xdeba, rom isini ueWvelad kolxur samyaros ekuTvnodnen.
axla rac Seexeba kidev erT saocrebas “piramidis” etimologias. megrulad
“pir-ua” niSnavs kvirtis sxmas, gafurCqvnas, xolo “piri” aris kokori; yvavili. ase,rom pirami (rac warmoadgens
sityva piramidis fuZes) niSnavs pirians,
anu kvirtis, kokoris formians. vinc
gazafxulze dakvirebia yvavilis
kvirts, kokris gamosxmas, is dagverwmuneba, rom piramidebs marTlac swored
kvirtis, kokrisforma aqvs.
qarTuli “pirveli”, aseve “aprili”,
romelic dakavSirebulia laTinur
aprilis-Tan da Sesulia mraval indoevropul enebSi. aprilSi xdeba
lebic maT sWirdebodaT sicocxlis
periodSi.
es gvafiqrebinebs, rom sityvebis “piramida” da “mavzoleumi” dakavSireba
kolxur samyarosTan SemTxveviTi ar
unda iyos, saidanac Tavis mxriv gamodinareobs, rom msoflios Svidi saocrebidan oris setimologias kolxeTTan
mivyavarT.
“nefele” berZnul miTologiaSi
RrubelTa qalRmerTia. aTamantis
pirveli coli, friqses da heles deda.
aseve berZnulad niSnavs Rrubels.
megrulad Rrubeli munafaa, Cveni azriT
megrul formas boloSi unda hqondes
dakarguli “la” postformanti e. i.
unda yofiliyo munafala, rac niSnavs
“ ra aRmonaceni.” gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT “ra anaorTqli”, marTlac Rrubeli dedamiwis zedapiridan anaorTqli
wyliT miiReba. axla gasagebia, rom nefle miRebulia nafala-sgan, romelsac
CamoSorebuli aqvs preformanti mu(ra)
da es sityva kolxuri warmomavlobisaa,
„Opus
Dei“
radganac azrobrivad aixsneba mxolod
kolxuriT. ase, rom berZnuli (pelasguri) nefele da kolxuri munafa erTidaigive Zirisgan gamodis. am sityvis
aseTnairi etimologia kidev erTxel
adasturebs pelasgur-kolxuri samyaros erTgvarovnebas, igiveobas da
aqedan Cans agreTve, Tu rogor xdeba
TandaTanobiT, enaTa daSoriSoreba da
diferenciacia.
amiT, aq unda SevwyvitoT sxvadasxva
enebis sityvaTa Cveneuli etimologiis
CamoTvla, radganac sagazeTo masStabebi
metis saSualebas ar iZleva. Cven araerTi statia mivuZRveniT am sakiTxs da
warmovadgineT ramodenime aseuli sityva, romlebic Tavis mxriv, rogorc
saleqsikono masala ramodenime aTas
erTeuls moicavs.
sabolood, rogorc
davinaxeT
msoflios civilizebuli erebis enebSi
mravladaa mimofantuli kolxuri enis
sityvaTa Zirebi. kidev meti, civilizebuli erebis enebis nebismieri sityva
gaSifvradia kolxuri enis meSveobiT;
mxolod egaa, rom yvelafers Tavisi
dro aqvs “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes,
ara saqme ar iqmnebis”. yvelafer amaSi
ki RmerTis xeli uervia, esRmerTis
saqmea („OpusDei”-a) da aqedan isic kargad sCans Tu vin aris RmerTis mier
rCeuli xalxi. blomad arian CvenSi
da ara marto CvenSi pirovnebebi, romlebsac ar awyobT kolxuri enis
aRorZineba, radganac isini fiqroben,
rom Tu es gamoaSkaravda, maTi roli
msoflio civilizaciis ganviTarebaSi
gafermkTaldeba da swored amitomaa,
rom Tanamedrove samyaro gadmobrunebul piramidas daamsgavses. Cveni Rrma
rwmeniT yvelaferi es droebiTia da
yevlas miezRveva is, rasac imsaxurebs.
am rwmenis safuZvels maZlevs isic,
rom bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gamoCndnen pirovnebebi, romlebic yvelafers
akeTeben imisTvis, raTa mTelma samyarom
dainaxos da gaigos Tu ras emyareba
msoflio civilizacia, ra iyo mis balavarSi Cadebuli, vis mier iqna mitacebuli sxvaTa namoRvawari da amiT
sabolood cdiloben am gadamobrunebuli piramidis Cveul mdgomareobaSi
dabrunebas.
rogorc wminda werilSia naTqvami:
vinc pirevli iyo ukanasknel Jamsac
is iqneba pirveli.
Cven ki vcdilobT am did saqmeSi
mciredi wvlilis Setanas da Cveni
mizanic swored es aris.
nugzar kvaSilava
“fazisi”-s akademiis namdvili wevri
“evropasa da amerikas aklia firosmani, gudiaSvili, gamrekeli, iSxneli...” _ aRmoaCine saqarTvelo piter skinerTan erTad
amerikelma istorikosma piter skinerma inglisur enaze gamosca saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaxeb wigni. sqeltaniani Georgia land Below The Caucasus ukve
iyideba
amerikaSi, inglissa
da
saqarTveloSi.
piter skineri msoflio sazogadoebisTvis kargad nacnobia wigniT
“msoflio savaWro centri”, romelic
2001 wlis 11 seqtembris teraqtidan
mokle xanSi gamoica da rva enaze
iTargmna.
skineri cota xnis win saqarTveloSi
imyofeboda. saqarTveloTi misi daintereseba ilia WavWavaZis “gandegiliT”
dawyebula. ramdenime wlis win man
marjori uordropis naTargmni qarTuli poema waikiTxa da rogorc ambobs, monusxa nawarmoebSi aRwerilma
darialis mTebma. amitomac gadawyvita,
ufro meti scodnoda im qveynis Sesaxeb,
sadac “gandegili” daiwera. istorikosi
biblioTekaSi wavida da momsaxure
personalTagan erT-erTs sTxova daxmareboda sasurveli informaciis
moZiebaSi da ras warmoidgenda, rom
biblioTekis uamrav TanamSromels
Soris maincdamainc qarTveli Sexvdeboda.
piter skineri: “Cem win mdgom biWs
poema vaCvene da vuTxari, rac msurda.
gaeRima, am poemis avtori qarTvelia,
ilia
WavWavaZe,
nawarmoebSi
saqarTveloa
aRwerili
da
mec
qarTveli
var, vaxtangi
mqviao.
saqarTveloSi vaxtangis biZaSvilma,
beso kiziriam mimaspinZla. samjer
Camovedi, besom momatara saqarTvelo.
swored am Cemi mogzaurobis amsaxveli
rukebi axlavs wigns”.
piters xSirad ekiTxebian, ra misca
mas xuTma weliwadma, rodesac saqarTvelos istorias swavlobda? is RimiliT
pasuxobs, rom miiRo udidesi siamovneba
da gaocda, rom amxela istoriis mqone
qveyanas jerac ar icnobs msoflio:
“inglisurad molaparake adamiani
saqarTvelos pirvelad (da xSirad
ukanasknelad) saklaso oTaxSi xvdeba,
sadac ecnobian miTs iazonisa da argonavtebis mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. amiT
maT bundovani warmodgena eqmnebaT
kolxeTsa
da
kavkasiaze
da
saqarTvelosTan
urTierToba
moswavleebisTvis amiTve mTavrdeba.
amiT amoiwureba Cveni umniSvnelo codna saqarTvelos warsulze.
ratom ar viciT Cven, vin iyo daviT
aRmaSenebeli, Tamari, Teimuraz I, vaxtang
VI da erekle II... ratom aris, rom ase
Zalian cota ram viciT “vefxistyaosanze” da CvenTvis ucnobia
wereTlis, WavWavaZis, vaJasa an galaktionis saxelebi?
saqarTvelos mdidari kulturis istoria ganumeorebelia da ara mezobeli
qveynebisgan SeTvisebuli. monastrebi
da samwerlo-saganmanaTleblo kerebi
aTonis mTaze, sinas mTaze, siriaSi,
aseve ierusalimsa da bulgareTSi amis
dasturia. urTierTobani bizantiasTan,
monawileoba jvarosnul omebSi, elCoba
evropis samefoebSi, mewinave roli
sparseTsa da ruseTSi _ es qarTuli
kulturis unikalurobis nawilia, rac
Zalian mcired aris cnobili.
samwuxarod, qarTuli literaturis
Zalian mcire nawili aris naTargmni
inglisur enaze, magram isic, iseve rogorc istoriuli masalebi, miuwvdomelia. ingliselebi vamayobT uZvelesi poetiT jefri CoseriT, magram
gvaxsendeba, rom masze adre cxovrobda
dante. magram masze saukuniT adre
rusTaveli arsebobda saqarTveloSi.
“vefxistyaosani” brwyinvale lirikuli
nawarmoebia, romelic XX saukunis dasawyisSi Targmna marjori uordropma,
magram ratomRac Tanamedrove evropam
daiviwya... Cven, faqtobrivad, araferi
viciT qarTuli mxatvrobis, arqiteqturisa da samzareulos Sesaxeb...
evropasa da amerikas aklia firosmani,
gudiaSvili, gamrekeli, iSxneli... es
mciredi CamonaTvalia.
TbilisSi, marTalia, uxvadaa wignebi
eklesia-monastrebsa da maT arqiteqturaze, magram TiTqmis ar iSoveba
naSromebi cixesimagreebsa da cixedarbazebze da Tu rame iSoveba inglisur enaze, mas saqarTvelos gareT
versad naxavT, ver iyidiT.
vfiqrob, Cemi naSromi moewonebaT im
qarTvelebs, visac surT megobar ucxoelebs bevri ram uTxran TavianTi
samSoblos Sesaxeb.
dagegmili maqvs wina saukuneebSi
saqarTveloSi mogzauri evropeli
qalebis Canawerebis Targmna. zogierTi
samegrelos mTavris, ekaterine dadianis
ojaxSi wlobiT cxovrobda da
saqarTvelos ecnoboda. maT SesaniSnavi
masala datoves frangul da germanul
enebze. minda es yvelaferi inglisurad
vTargmno da gamovce”.
piter skineris wigni ukve moiTxova
aSS-is kongresis biblioTekam, oqsfordis, harvardis universitetebma da
mravalma sxva institutma. avtori
moxarulia, rom dasavleTis istoriul
da samecniero wreebSi ukve daiwyo
saqarTvelos istoriis gacnoba.
e. lomiZe
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
7
didi bakuri qarTuli asomTavruli damwerlobis fuZemdebeli
daibeWda arqimandrit rafaelisa
(karelini) da dekanoz aleqsandres
(bolqvaZe) locva-kurTxeviT
winamdebare monografia eZRvneba
adreqristianuli xanis (IV-V ss.) gamoCenil qarTvel politikur da sazogado
moRvawes,
misi
drois
udides
moazrovnes, mecniersa da mwignobars,
erovnuli qristianuli damwerlobisa
(asomTavruli anbanis) da originaluri
kalendaruli welTaRricxvis erT-erT
Semoqmeds _ “did bakur”-s. naSromSi
Zvel qarTul da ucxour werilobiT
wyaroebSi daculi cnobebis safuZvelze warmoCenilia aRniSnuli
pirovnebis mravalmxrivi portreti, cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis rogorc nacnobi, ise dRemde praqtikulad ucnobi
epizodebi; gamokvleuli da mwyobri
saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli didi
bakuris Rvawli qarTuli asomTavruli
anbanisa da originaluri kalendaruli
welTaRricxvis Seqmnis saqmeSi; mocemulia aRniSnuli movlenis Sinaarsobrivi mxaris, Tanamdevi garemoebebisa
da msoflmxedvelobrivi aspeqtebis
farTo analizi da sxv. naSromi
gankuTvnilia rogorc specialistTa,
ise mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.
pirveli gamocemis redaqtorebi:
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati,
doc. ioseb kviciani,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
prof. jemal stefnaZe,
teqredaqtori: giorgi (malxaz)
xurcilava,
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: mamuka
xanTaZe,
mxatvari: qeTevan SalamberiZe
Tavs valdebulad vTvliT gulwrfeli madlierebis grZnobiT movixsenioT yvela is adamiani, visi mxridan
Cvendami gamoxatuli didi moraluri,
mecnieruli, teqnikuri Tu finansuri
mxardaWeris Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda winamdebare naSromis mkiTxvelTa
farTo wris samsjavroze gamotana.
vsargeblobT SemTxveviT da pirvelyovlisa uRrmes madlobas vuZRvniT
arqimandrit rafaelsa (karelini) da
Tbilisis qvemo beTlemis taZris moZRvars, dekanoz aleqsandres (bolqvaZe),
romelTa mxridan wignze muSaobis
manZilze Cven aramarto mudmivad
vgrZnobdiT did moralur Tanadgomas
_ gamoxatuls locva-kurTxevaSi, aramed
sistematiurad viRebdiT praqtikul,
sasargeblo rCeva-darigebebsac warmodgenili Temis Teologiur aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi.
madlobis sityvebiT gvsurs movixsenioT winamdebare wignis redaqtorebi:
iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis eTnologiis
kaTedris docenti, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati ioseb kviciani da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa
da eTnologiis institutis ufrosi
mecnier-TanamSromeli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori jemal
stefnaZe wignze muSaobis periodSi
Cvendami gamoCenili yuradRebisaTvis
da
rig
sakvanZo
sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT saqmiani SeniSvnebis mocemisaTvis. did madlobas movaxsenebT
agreTve mamuka xanTaZes _ wignis uangarod saTanado kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofisaTvis; qeTevan SalamberiZes
_ wignis garekanis maRalmxatvrul
doneze gaformebisaTvis; malxaz xurcilavas, wignis teqredaqtors, romlis
didi praqtikuli mxardaWeris gareSe
winamdebare naSromi dRis sinaTles
albaT ver ixilavda.
avtori
“dae, istoria tyuils SeuSindes,
magram ar Sedrkes aranairi
simarTlis winaSe”.
kikeroni
winasityvaoba
pirovnebas, romelsac
eZRvneba
winamdebare naSromi, Tavis droze
araerTi cnobili mecnierisa da mkvlevaris yuradReba xvda wilad. es interesi bunebrivad dahbada mis Sesaxeb
ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi gabneulma nairsaxovanma cnobebma erTis
mxriv da meores mxriv TviT am cnobebis
TvalSisacemad winaaRmdegobrivma xas-
iaTma. specialur literaturaSi
dRemde ar wydeba gasuli saukunis 20iani wlebidan dawyebuli kamaTi da
Ziebani В«didi bakurisВ» saxeliT cnobili istoriuli piris vinaobis
Sesaxeb. Tumca, yvela is mecnieri, vinc
ki odesme dainteresebula aRniSnuli
pirovnebiT, Sinaganad grZnobda imas,
rom saqme hqonda uaRresad saintereso
da araordinarul figurasTan, romelsac Tavis droze Zveli samyaros araerTi cnobili avtoris yuradReba xvda
wilad. yvela is werilobiTi wyaro,
sadac ama Tu im kuTxiT moxseniebulia
CvenTvis saintereso pirovneba, sazogadod kargad aris cnobili mecnierTaTvis. magram es cnobebi maTgan
yovelTvis erTsaxovnad ar aris Sefasebuli an ganmartebuli. amitom
winamdebare naSromSi Cven maT kvlav
davimowmebT, rac Tavis mxriv mogvcems
imis saSualebas, rom nawilobriv mainc
aRvadginoT IV-V ss-Ta zRurblze mcxovrebi didi mamuliSvilis pirovnuli
portreti, misi biografiis zogierTi
umniSvnelovanesi epizodi. saTqmels
win gavuswrebT da aRvniSnavT imas,
rom sakiTxTa farTo wris guldasmiT
Seswavlis Sedegad didi bakuris
pirovneba Cvens TvalSi warmoCinda
aranaklebi mniSvnelobisa Tu faseulobis mqone istoriul moRvawed, vidre
qarTveli xalxis Tundac iseTi gamoCenili wignieri Svilebi, rogorebic iyvnen Soreul Tu maxlobel warsulSi
vaxtang gorgasali, giorgi mTawmindeli,
daviT aRmaSenebeli, SoTa rusTveli,
vaxtang meeqvse, sulxan-saba orbeliani,
ilia WavWavaZe, iakob gogebaSvili da
sxva mravali. ufro metic, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom didi bakuri aris is sayrdeni libo, romelzedac SemdgomSi aRmocenda sazogadod erovnuli mwignobroba, kultura da, saerTod, qarTuli
qristianuli civilizacia. marTlac
paradoqsulad SeiZleba mogveCvenos
is faqti, rom miuxedavad CvenTvis saintereso pirovnebis mimarT sxvadasxva
dargis specialistTa (filologTa, istorikosTa, filosofosTa da sxv.)
mxridan adridanve gamoCenili didi
interesisa (ix. 104; 105; 49; 87; 19; 20; 32;
72; 91; 92; 93; 21; 13 da sxv.), SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom es bumberazi pirovneba da
misi fasdaudebeli Rvawli mSobliuri
erisa da qveynis, qarTuli eklesiis
winaSe faqtiurad dRemde mainc ucnobi
rCeba Cveni sazogadoebis farTo
wrisaTvis. winamdebare naSroms aqvs
imis pretenzia, rom is am xarvezisa Tu
istoriuli usamarTlobis gamosworebis cdad CaiTvalos. mocemul sakiTxze
specialur literaturaSi arsebuli
Sexedulebebis nawilis Cvenis mxriv
gaziarebis fonze winamdebare naSromSi
mkiTxveli ixilavs Tvisobrivad gansxvavebul
mosazrebebsac;
rig
SemTxvevaSi, albaT, polemikursac. amis
saWiroeba
logikurad
warmoSva
Sesaswavli sakiTxebis mimarT specialistTa Soris sadReisod araerTgvarovani mosazrebebis arsebobis faqtma. saerTod ki, didi bakuris pirovnebis
mimarT Cveni interesi araxalia.
magram misi cxovreba-moRvaweobis
monografiulad Seswavlis survili
(Tavad idea, rogorc aseTi, mogvawoda
b-nma ioseb kvicianma _ b.x.) gansakuTrebulad gagvicxovelda mas Semdeg, rac
dRis sinaTleze iqna gamotanili Cveni
naSromi: В«qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis Seqmnis epoqis, garemoebebisa da
avtorTa vinaobis sakiTxisaTvisВ» (2002
w.). sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT warmarTuli kvleva-Ziebebis niadagze gakeTebuli Sedegobrivi daskvnebis Semdeg
Cven ubralod valdebulic viyaviT,
rom am sapasuxismgeblo misiis Sesruleba gvekisra. winamdebare naSromSi
mkiTxveli bevr adgilas ixilavs im
masalebs, romlebic zemodasaxelebul
monografiaSi ukve gvqonda damowmebuli. magram amjerad aRniSnuli masalebi
mniSvnelovnad Sevsebuli da mwyobri
saxiT aris wignis V TavSi warmodgenili.
imeds gamovTqvamT, rom mkiTxveli
didi interesiT gaecnoba praqtikulad
Teqvsmeti saukunis manZilze daviwyebas
usamarTlod micemuli TvalsaCino
eriskacis cxovreba-moRvaweobis am-
saxvel Cvengan Sedgenil winamdebare
mcire В«matianesВ». wignis avtori Tavis
mxriv gulisxmierebiT miiRebs yvela
sasargeblo SeniSvnasa da mosazrebas,
gaiTvaliswinebs maT samomavlod.
Sesavali _ sakiTxis
istoriografia
didi bakuris pirovnebis Sesaxeb
cnobebs vxvdebiT rogorc qarTul, ise
somxur da berZnul-romaul werilobiT
wyaroebSi. amasTanave, cnobebis erTi
nawili Seexeba aRniSnuli piris cxovreba-moRvaweobis im periods, rodesac
is, jer kidev mefiswulis rangSi myofi,
samSoblos gareT _ bizantiis imperiaSi
eweoda samxedro samsaxurs; cnobebis
meore nawili ki asaxavs didi bakuris
cxovreba-moRvaweobis ukanasknel periods, ra drosac mas qarTlis (iberiis)
samefo taxtze aRzevebuls vxedavT.
yvelaze adrindel cnobas aRniSnul
pirze vxvdebiT romael istorikos
amiane marcelinesTan (330-400 ww.). aq
is 378 wlis 9 agvistos qalaq adrianopolTan vest-goTebis winaaRmdeg
mebrZoli valenti keisris (364-378 ww.)
jaris erT-erT sardlad (skutariebis,
anu farosanTa tribunad) moixsenieba
(7:144). Semdeg igive bakuri naxsenebia
cnobili asureli neoplatonikosi
sofistis _ libaniosis (314-393 ww.) 392
wliT daTariRebul sam werilSi, rogorc friad moazrovne,
filosofia-ritorikasa da mecnierebebSi ganswavluli da daxelovnebuli
adamiani (58:63-66). bakurs, rogorc wm.
ninos mier qarTlis (iberiis) moqcevis
istoriis maTTvis momTxrob pirs, asaxeleben TavianT SromebSi cnobili
saeklesio mwerlebi: palestinis kesariis episkoposi gelasi (+395w.),
akvileli xucesi turanius rufinusi
(345-410 ww.) da sokrate sqolastikosi
(380-440 ww.); sokrate damatebiT kidev
bakurs 388 wlis agvistoSi maqsime
tiranis winaaRmdeg imperator Teodosi
didis (379-395 ww.) mier ilirikaSi warmoebuli brZolis Tanamonawiledac
saxavs (82:194, 207, 234). imave bakurs 394
wlis 5/6 seqtembers istriaSi, md.
frigidiusTan (axl. vi pava sloveniaSi)
evgenios tiranis winaaRmdeg imperator
Teodosi I didis mier gamarTuli brZolis aqtiur monawiled asaxeleben
bizantieli mwerlebi _ zosime (V-VI
ss.) da giorgi amartoli (IX s.) (31:269270; 18:198). rufinusis cnobaze dayrdnobiT iberielTa mefe bakurs, rogorc
qarTlis qristianobaze moqcevis istoriis momTxrob pirs, axsenebs Tavis
TxzulebaSi cnobili bizantieli JamTaaRmwereli Teofane aRmsarebeli (760818 ww.) (ix. В«georgikaВ». t. IV, nakveTi I,
Tb., 1941:75). did bakurs, rogorc iberiis
xelmwifes da qarTuli qristianuli
damwerlobis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebul
pirs, icnoben V s-is cnobili somexi
mwerlebi _ koriuni da movses xorenaci
(56:100-101; 67:223-224). mis Sesaxeb araerT
Zvirfas cnobas vnaxulobT petre
iberis arabi erovnebis biograf ioane
rufussTan, anu beiT-rufinTan (V-VI
ss.). swored am avtorTan aris CvenTvis
saintereso pirovneba В«did bakuradВ»
saxeldebuli (37:248-251). qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebidan aRniSnul pirs
mxolod В«moqcevai qarTlisaiВ»-s matiane
icnobs. aq is qarTlis mefe bakur Trdatis Zes Seesabameba, romelsac Tavis
zeobis periodSi eklesia augia bolnisSi da rogorc Cans, armazis Zveli
safortifikacio nagebobebic (В«armazniВ»)
ganuaxlebia (68:92).
sainteresoa, rom zemoT aRniSnul
avtorTagan zogierTs (magaliTad,
libanioss, gelasi kesariels, turanius
rufinuss) piradad scnobia didi
bakuri, zogic sando zepir da werilobiT wyaroebs eyrdnoboda masze
saubrisas. didi bakuris Sesaxeb Cvens
xelT arsebuli naratiuli masalebi
sakmaod
mravalferovania da informaciulobis TvalsazrisiTac arcTu ise mwiri,
rac gvaZlevs imis saSualebas, rom
nawilobriv mainc aRvadginoT dasaxelebuli pirovnebis TviTmyofadi
portreti, misi sisxlsavse, Sinaarsiani
cxovreba-moRvaweobis ZiriTadi epizodebi. garda dasaxelebuli wyaroebisa garkveul daxmarebas gviwevs aR-
niSnuli amocanis warmatebiT gadaWraSi
davaTis qvasvetis ikonografiasa da
В«qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisaiВ»-s
prozaul himnSi ganTavsebuli sagulisxmo, xangrZlivi drois manZilze
Tavsatexad miCneuli da aw ukve Cvengan
amocnobili, informaciac (ix. 102:27-45).
udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba uZveles,
433-444 wlebiT daTariRebul warweras
palestinis qarTuli monastridan, sadac
sxvasTan erTad naxsenebia CvenTvis
saintereso pirovnebac. amasTanave, friad Zvirfas informacias gvawvdis
bakuris msoflmxedvelobis raobisa
da ganaTlebulobis fonis gamorkvevis
TvalsazrisiT qarTuli asomTavruli
anbanis Seswavlis Sedegad gamovlenili
mravalferovani masalac. xsenebuli
pirovnebis Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSic aramciredia naTqvami. Tumca
aqve unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom
mecnierTa didi umravlesoba erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebs ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi naxseneb iberiel
mefiswul bakurisa da qarTlis mefe
didi bakuris pirovnebebs. sakmaod sxvaobs mecnierTa Sexedulebebi didi
bakuris zeobis wlebisa da religiuri
mrwamsis gansazRvris sakiTxebSic. mokled mimovixiloT isini.
ase magaliTad, s. gorgaZe did bakurs
В«moqcevai qarTlisaisВ» qronikiseul
bakur revis ZesTan aigivebda, romelsac,
misi azriT, 361-364 wlebSi eWira samefo
taxti da Semdeg an TviTon daTmo is
an Trdat revis Zem Camoagdo da am
mizeziT bizantiaSi wavida, sadac 394
wels brZolaSi daiRupa (23:36); rac
Seexeba bakur Trdatis Zes, misi zeobis
periods s.gorgaZe 425-428 wlebiT
sazRvravda (23:58).
T. Jordania berZen-romaeli avtorebis bakurs mirian mefis Zed Tvlida,
romelic, misi azriT, wavida bizantiaSi
da gardaicvala 377 an 394 wels (78:42
Sen. 84). platon ioseliani turanius
rufinusis bakurs ansxvavebda bakur
mirianis Zisagan (38:19 Sen. 24). akad.
iv.javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom didi
bakuris garda arsebobda patara
bakuric da rom swored es ukanaskneli
unda yofiliyo gelasi kesarielis
moambe bakuri, romelsac araferi saerTo ar gaaCnda ioane rufussTan
naxseneb iberTa В«pirvel qristian
mefesTanВ» _ did bakurTan, romelsac
igive mecnieri bakur mirianis ZesTan
aigivebda da misi mefobis faqts IV sis 30-ian wlebSi varaudobda (104:262264, 273). akad. k.kekeliZes miaCnda, rom
didi bakuri Trdatis Ze iyo, xolo
ioane rufusis cnoba misi pirvelqristianobis Sesaxeb realurad am mefis
mier arianelobis nacvlad marTlmadideblobis SemoRebis mowmobad esaxeboda; igi ar iziarebda azrs xsenebuli
piris warmarTobis Sesaxeb, werda: warmarTs gelasi episkoposi xotbiT ar
Seamkobdao.
s. yauxCiSvils miaCnda, rom berZnulromaul wyaroebSi qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebiT moxseniebuli bakuri
mefe ar unda yofiliyo (86:67-68 da
16:66 Sen. 1, 199). misive azriT, bakur
iberieli Tavisi rwmeniT warmarTi-poliTeisti Tu ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
araorTodoqsaluri
qristianobis
mimdevari mainc iyo, ris gamoc mouwia
TiTqos mas samSoblos datoveba (87:1320; 88:94). akad. S. nucubiZe
fiqrobda, rom libaniosis adresati
bakuri IV s-is warmarTi-neoplatonikosi iyo (72:74-76; 73:107). s.kakabaZem
didi bakuri Trdatis Zed miiCnia,
romelsac, misi azriT, samefo taxti
382-384 wlebSi eWira, Semdeg gaiqca
bizantiaSi da iqedan dabrunebulma
395-400 wlebis periodSi xelmeored
imefa qarTlSi (40:152-153; 41:151-153).
g.gozaliSvilma sarwmunod miiCnia cnoba didi bakuris iberiis pirvel qristian mefed yofnis Sesaxeb; misi qarTlidan gaqcevis mizezad miriani daasaxela. rogorc is fiqrobda, bakuri iuliane gandgomilis gavleniT Rrma
qristiani ar iyo. manve didi bakuri
qarTuli wyaroebSi naxseneb mefe varazbakurTan gaaigiva; dabadebis drod 310
weli, xolo gardacvalebisad _ 394
weli miiCnia (19:20; 20:42, 53, 74, 78).
besik xurcilava
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
8
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
polemika friad aqtualur sakiTxebze
avtori _ rogorc iberiis saxeli
araa evropuli (mxedvelobaSia iberiis
naxevarkunZuli evropaSi da iberia
saqarTveloSi), egreve araa kavkasiisa
da balkaneTis albaneTi evropuli:
xalxTa migracia kavkasiidan, mcire
aziidan da axlo aRmosavleTidan
evropaSi xdeboda da ara piruku, amitom,
saxelis emigraciis sakiTxebSic upiratesoba kavkasiis mxarezea; anu
kavkasiidan gavida saxeli albaneTi,
da es sruliad naTeli gaxdeba, Tu
gavixsenebT rom (ix. gv.40) megrulSi
sisworis gamomxatvel erT-erT sinonims boni//bone qvia. al gaxlavT Sebrunebuli megr. la prefiusi, romelic
obieqtis ganfenilobasac aRniSnavs.
mag. la-faro, o-la-fare `megr. lafare~;
la-kada
_
la-kirde
`klde~=kldeTa areali, kldeTa ganfeniloba; bon+Ti=swori adgili. m.e. jamSi: al-bane-Ti=la-bone-Ti = swori adgilis (teritoriis) anu vakis ganfeniloba.
enaTmecnieri – albanelebi-mTianeTSi, xolo vake kaspiis stepebze kaspiebi
cxovrobdnen.
avtori – erTnic da meorenic
kolxebi gaxlavan: kaspiebi sanam kaspiis
sanaxebs aiTvisebdnen, dRevandeli mesxeTisa da kaspis r-is midamoebSi cxovrobdnen, da, raTqmaunda, kolxebi iyvnen. amaze metyvelebs hidronimi lexur-a romlis napirebze q. kaspia
gaSenebuli. raki viciT, rom Zveli
mosaxleoba, upiratesad wyalsatevTa
napirebzea ganTavsebuli, Zneli araa
mivxvdeT: le-xur-a miRebulia megr.
le-xor-a _ garkveul arealSi ojaxTa
(sacxovrisTa) arsebobis mniSvnelobis
mqone
sityvisagan.
sxvaTaSoris,
megrulive le-xer-a (xeoba) le-xor-adanaa miRebuli. dasaSvebia, espaneTSi
gvada-la-xar-a – gorda megr. «mrude~
formis le-xora `sacxovrisTa arsebobaВ» yofiliyo. Tumca ufro realuria
am gvadas dakavSireba gudasTan. (gvada
) <guda uxSiresia qarTvelur toponimikaSi: guda-uTa, guda-va, guda-mayari
da a.S.). e. i. etim. amosavalia gudas
formis samosaxlo midamos arseboba.
da raki amgvari wiaRsvlebia, unda vifiqroT, qarT. xe-oba winaT xer-oba Tu
iyo, romelSic xer megr. xor-is fardia.
Tumca sruli uflebamosileba gaaCnia
xe+oba mdinaris napirebze xeTa siuxvis
anu tyis arsebobis mniSvnelobiT
amosavlianobasac.
enaTmecnieri – enaTmecniereba
zusti mecnierebaa. amgvar daSvebebze
da albaTobebze dafuZnebul etimologiebs araviTari akademiuri safuZveli
gaaCnia.
fiziologi – oRond es daSvebebi
ar unda iyos sistemuri da Tanac imdenad TvalSi sacemi, rom В«nebismiers
TvalSi moxvdesВ»...
avtori – le-xur-as xur\\xor Zirze
kidev gveqneba saubari. Tavad mexuTe
saukunis cixesimagris saxeli – kaspi
ki ganpirobebulia im landSaptiT,
romelic mdinare lexurasagan Sua
gakveTil kvernaqis gorakis ferdobebs
axasiaTebT: iq mcenareuloba, mimdebare
sanaxebTan mimarTebiT gamorCeulad
qorfaa: ai, es gaxlavT mniSvnelobiTi
amosavali
kas-pi-s
winaformad
restavrirebuli sityvisa suk-fa: suk`megr.
goraki+fa
`megr.
i
mcenare~=`gorakis mcenare~. kas-pi-s kas
gaxlavT suk-is TanxmovanTa metaTezis
da xmovnis delabializaciis Sedegi,
iseve rogorc es xdeba megr. sityvebSi
sak-ili//kas-ili `gatenilSi~ (sak-i
gaxlavT tomara, amitom aqedan sak-ili
`gatenili~ bunebrivia, magram gvaqvs
kas-il-ic). e. i. kas-pi-s kas nawili
miReblia suk > kas cvlilebiT. rac
Seexeba pi (< fa) nawils, fa `mcenaris~
monawileoba toponimikaSi uxSiresia:
fa-Ti, cnobil qarTvelolog, oslos
universitetis profesor hans fogtis
mixedviT, gaxlavT foTis kanonieri
winaforma, magram, misi azriT foTi imdenad Zvli qalaqia da uZveles warsulSi misi saxeldeba moxda jer
kidev maSin, roca qarT. megr. bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa gamomwvevi enobrivi
procesebi ar iyo dawyebuli, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi saxelad foTi ki ara
faTi gveqnebodao: restavrirebuli fa+
Tida fo-Ti-s
manamdel saxel fasisi-s fa\\fo= `mcenare~+Ti `adgili~;
sisi = Si-Si = Si wyali + Si megr.
kuTvnilebis sufiksi. e. i. fa-Ti da
fo-Ti = mcenareuli adgili, xolo
fa-si-si = mcenare wylisa.
egrevea
warmoebulifa-lazoni (sofeli kaxeTSida mikrotoponimi samegreloSi)= fa
`mcenare~ + alazoni`qorfa~ =qorfa
mcenareuloba.
istorikosi –
fogtis mixedviT,
qarTulSi Tu kanonzomier fa-Ti-s
winared fo-Ti arsebobda da dResac
SenarCunebulia, es xom imaze miuTiTebs,
rom fa miRebulia fo-sagan da, rac
mTavaria, qarT. : megr. a : o SesatyvisobaSi unda vaCvenoT o >amimarTuleba
enaTmecnieri – megrulSi mcenaris
aRmniSvnelad dafiqsirebulia mxolod
fa. es ukanaskneli, agreTve foTolsac
niSnavs:
daniel
fifias
Tavis
filosofiur SedevrSi В«rokiВ» aqvs
aseTi sityvebi В«fa do k2 oSx2dВ», rac
niSnavs — foToli da rko esxa. ase
rom, mcenaris Tu foTlis aRmniSvneli
fo forma enaTmecnirebaSi araa cnobili.
istorikosi – i. yifSiZe werda, rom
qarTebi da megrelebi erTmaneTs imiT
ajavreben, rom pirvelni megruls damaxinjebul qarTulad miiCneven, meoreni
ki, piriqiT qarTuls miiCneven damaxinjebul megrulad-o. am movlenas safuZveli gaCnia, ara marto imitom, rom
es enebi monaTesaveni arian, aramed imitomac, rom uxSiresia difuziisa da
urTierT sesxebis SemTxvevebi. megrulSi, gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi,
vrceldeba qarTuli sityvebi. qarTulSi
ki ufro Zveli megruli warmomavlobis
sityvebia, rasac avtoriseuli saanalizo
masala, uryevad adasturebs. mag. aba
vin ifiqrebs, rom ocneba Secvlili —
megr. oCe В«didiВ» + neba В«surviliВ»-a:
oCe-neba > ocneba. an rom qarT. Svili,
mSobeli, saiSoblo da a. S. S-oba-sTan
dakavSirebuli sitvebi megruli warmomavlobis arian, radgan Tavad S-oba
megrulia da udris S ,,wyali,, + oba
mniSvnelobiT wylis Rvra, riTac mSobiaroba uneblied da yvelasTvis
dasanaxad iwyeba. am wyalTan dakavSirebuli moazrebebis gamo megrelebs TviT
axalSobilic wylad miaCndaT mamakacebi axalSobils ar daxedavdnen – ,,ras
davxedo jer wyaliao,,...
megr. fu-rceli fu-rCeli-danaa.
rCeli fenilia megrulad. fu ki fo
da fa-s fardia. fo-Tol-ic megr. sityvaa, Tol-i megrulSi Semadgenel nawilsac aRniSnavs, mag. Jir ToliS yude
= ori nawilisgan, ori Tvalisgan
Semdgar saxls. ase rom fo-Tol-i =
fo mcenare + Toli nawili. ise rogorc erTidaigive mniSvnelobis Cxomi\\
Cxumi В«TevziВ»-s o da u, aseve furceli
da foToli-s o da u qmnian fo da fu
dialeqtur saxesxvaobebs sityvebisa
mniSvnelobiT – mcenare. furceli, foToli. plius amaT, zemoTxsenebuli,
fa forma, amgvarad, foTi, fuTi, fasisi
uZvelesi megruli saxelebi arian.
e. i. raki mcenaris mniSvnlobis ganmapirobebeli fo, fu da fa formebi
WeSmaritad arseboben, winapar suk-fa
`gorakis mcenares~cvlilebam mogvca—
suk>sak>kas da kas-fa//kas-pi cvlilebebi (agreTve ix. В«g. T.В» gv. t. kavkasiis
etimologia).
amgvarad, eTnonimi da hidronimi
kaspiebi, kaspiis zRva da kaspiane
saqarTveloSi mexuTe saukunis cixesimagris saxel kaspi-danaa, xolo 26
enaze metyveli xalxebis mTianeTSi
gansaxleba ar niSnavs qeraTmian da
nacrisferTvaleba albanelTa (mematiane iulius solinusi) kolxurobis
uaryofas: dasabamidan isini miwaTmoqmedebas mdinarisa da baris midamoebSi
misdevdnen da amitomac ewodaT labone-lebi anu barelebi.
biologi – mkvlevarni (izoria,Sonia, kakulia, alfeniZe da sxvebi) imazec
miuTiTeben, rom afSeroni megr. sityva
o-feSer-ona, gaxlavT, rac feSer-is —
`axalakafulze dabali da xSiri amonayaris msgavs mcenareulobis ganfenilobas’’ aRniSnavs: afSeronis landSafts, swored, aseTi mcenareuloba axasiaTebs.
enaTmecnieri – magram kolxeTidan
azerbaijanamde qarTl-kaxeTia. nuTu
esec ar iyo qarTulenovani areali.
arqeologi – aramartoarqeologiurmonacemTasafuZvelzeutyuaradSeiZlebaiTqvas, qarTvelur tomTa gansaxleba
udides teritoriebs moicavda. qarTebi,
igive kardux-ebi—(qarTu)(kardu)(qorTu)
vanis tbis sanaxebSi cxovrobdnen.
(o.lorTqifaniZe).
istorikosi — vanis tba xom wris
formisaa: wre ki megrulad gaxlavT
qarTa(vl. alfenidze). Sdr. geogr. karta: dedamiwa xom wris formisaa.
Sesabamisad pirvel kartografs kartac
wris formis (qarTa) gamouvidoda. miTumetes rom bevri mecnieri kartografiis avtorobas kolxebs miawers).
xi (ix. qvemoT) raki megr. Mmiwaa, qarTu-xi//kardu-xi udris wris formis
(vanis tbis) irgvliv arsebul sacxovriss. ase rom karta, qorTu, karduxi,
qarTi, saqarTvelo da a. S. megr. qarTa
,,wres,, damsaxurebaa.
xumuS-qia a. golaZes – karduxebis,
m. qurdians ki kolxTa qveynad miaCniaT.
saswori m. qurdianis mxares unda
gadaixaros, radgan `vinc megruli ena
kargad icis~ imisTvis ucxadesia: xumuS-qia
anu
xumuS-qiana
udris
`xmeleTis qveyanas~...
avtori _ mesxebi, kaxebi, herebi dRvandel saqarTvelos teritoraze
kolxurad iberiulad metyvelebdnen,
razec miuTiTebs Semdegi:
1. ganja amJamad azerbaijanSia, es
top. megr. gonja-ma `gaRebas-Tanaa~
dakavSirebuli;
2.kila-suri afxazeTSi zustad igive
safuZvlianobiTaa saxeldebuli, radgan
kila megrulad klitea;
3.
klar-je-Ti
=
o+kilar+
jixa+Ti=`dasaketi//Camketi cixe~;
samive toponimSi muSaobs saxeldebis
erTidaigive motivacia: esaa qveyanaSi
Sesasvlel-gasasvlelis kontrolis
(Casaket-gasaRebis) qoneba. xolo amgeografiuli adgilebis samxedrostrategiuli mdebareoba raki, erT
dros, am motivacias ganapirobebda
dasaxelebi (toponimebi) kikolxuria,
cxadze ucxadesia: kolxeTi, odesRac,
am toponimebs SigniT arsebul teritoriebs moicavda. marTlac: kaxelebi
kolxebi rom iyvnen amis samtkicia
Semdegi:
1. kolxi> koxi> kaxi;
2. kaxuri simReris saxeli — `Sen
biWo anagurelo.~ na-gu-ru sofelia
walenjixaSi. gur-i megrulad gulicaa
da centric, Sesabamisad na-guru `nacentralia~. igivea o-na-gur-eli\a-nagur-eli;
3. gur-ami megr. pirsaxelia da =
`guladi~. sagur-amo (toponimi kaxeTSi),
dasaSvebia, anTroponimTan iyos kavSirSi. Tumca ufro savaraudoa, zemoTqmuli, centris mniSvnelobis qonebiT
gamowveuli ganpirobebuloba saxeldebisa, sityvisagan gur-i `gul-i~;
5 ci-v-go-m-bor-i igive megr. c2-gabar-ia, rac Telian qeds aRniSnavs: c2
`Tela~+ gabari =Teliani`qedi~;
6 la-gode-xi = megr. la-kodme-xi:
la `teritoriis ganfenilobis aRmniSvneli prefiqsia~ + kodme`garkveuli
saxeobis ferdobi~ + xi `miwis da masTan dakavSirebul terminTa x bgeridan
warmoqmnili sufiqsi megrulSi. (o.xuxua). jamSi la-gode-xi = `ferdobiani
adgils~;
xi sufiqsi, yovelmizezgareSe, megr.
o-xor-is `ojaxi, samosaxlos~ fragmentia Semdeg sityvebSi: ta-o//<ta-o-xi
= Ta-o-xor-i = `samosaxlo teritoria~;
dia-o-xi = dia-o-x-(or)-i =deda(an
didi) samosaxlo (Sdr. deda samSoblo);
ko-xor-a (top. afxazeTSi) = k2+xora = k2 `magari, kargi~ + `samosaxlo~;
es gamWvirvale etimologiebi gvafiqrebinebs: igive xor warmomavlobis xom
araa eTnonimTa – kol-xi, mes-xi, karduxi, ubi-xis da a.S. xi?)...
Jin-val-i = megr. Jin`zeda~+vali//veli
= `zeda veli~ da a.S.
arqeologi – nebismieri mixvdeba:
Sa sufiqsi kninobiTobis aRmniSvnelia
(Sdr. daTu-Ca<daTu-Sa//megr. TunT-uSa `daTuCa~) amitom viluSa = patara
veli.
avtori – troas Sesaxeb qvemoT
visaubrebT. axla ki SevCerdebiT x
bgeris alomorf kolx. ojaxi, samosaxlo, saxl-karis aRmniSvnel xor Ziridan
warmoqmnil toponimebze, romlebic ukve
sabolood da, erTmniSvnelovnad,
daazusteben kaxTa kolxurobas.
esenia:
xor-Zen-e (Sua saukuneebSi tao da
kola)=xor+rzen-e = `swori adgilis,
vakis an Walis mosaxle~;
xor-i+Ti = zedmiw. megr. `sacxovrisi~;
xaragauli
=
xara//xora+ga`qedi~+uli = `sacxovrisi
qedi~;
amaT garda mniSvnelovania Semdegi
toponimebi:
xor-os mTa (mesxeTi); xor-Si (senaki);
xor-e-Ti (lanCxuTi); xor-e-nia (axalqalaqi); xor-a-Si (mTa leCxumSi);
xor-i-sar-i (xevis kavkasioni); xor-anTa (kaxeTi); xor-na-buji (qareli) da
a.S.
es toponimebi uZvelesni arian, razec
antikuri xor-Zen-e, xor-an-Ta da xorna-buj-i metyveleben. am ukanasknelis
etimologia aseTia: megrulSi aris
sityva – na-xor-na//na-xor-in-a `na-saxl-ar-i~, romlis na mocilebuli fragmentia xor-na,xolo buji>//burji
`qviTkiris magari Senobaa~. m.e. xor-nabuji, romelic wyaroebSi raki V saukunidan gvxdeba, jer kidev 1500 wlis win
`nasaxlar cixe simagres aRniSnavda
da, aqedan gamomdinare, arqeopolisi
(noqalaqevis) msgavsad, damtkicebulad,
uxsovar epoqebs ganekuTvneba.
edemi izoria
(werilis dasasruli)
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
9
sikvdilmisjili mata hari
pirveli msoflio omis dros mata
hari (namdvili saxelia margarita
gertruda cele) germaniis dazvervis
TanamSromeli gaxda. safrangeTis kontrdazvervam Tavisi agentis hana vitigis
daxmarebiT SesZlo mata haris saqmianobis gamoaSkaraveba da 1917 wlis 13
ianvars (sxva monacemebiT 14 Tebervals)
daapatimra.
“1917 wlis 24 ivniss mata hari sruliad mSvidad dajda braldebulTa
skamze parizis mesame samxedro
sasamarTloSi. mas Tormeti oficeri
asamarTlebda... ra Tqma unda, procesi
daxurul kars miRma mimdinareobda.
Tavdapirvelad mata haris sjeroda,
rom marTalia saqme seriozuli iyo,
magram raimenairad moaxerxebda Tavis
gadarCenas. magram procesis mimdinareobasTan erTad, rodesac ukve is Tanxebic ki gamJRavnda, romelsac igi germaniis dazvervisgan iRebda, igi sul
ufro rwmundeboda, rom Tavis gadarCenis imedi ar unda hqonoda. misi mdgo-
mareoba yovel saaTs mZimdeboda. igi
Tavs imiT imarTlebda, rom im Tanxebs
igi germanuli dazvervisgan jaSuSuri
saqmianobisTvis sulac ar iRebda.
_ ara! – wamoiyvira man, – amisTvis
ara! maT Cemi siyvarulisTvis viRebdi...
rodesac sasamarTlom sruliad WeSmariti damamtkicebeli sabuTebi warmoadgina, man Tavisi bolo koziri gadmoagdo da ganacxada:
_ diax, batono mosamarTleno, vaRiareb, zogjer jaSuSobiTac viyavi
dakavebuli. da TqvenTvis es SemTxveva,
rodesac me aseT samarcxvino saqmeze
wavedi, kargad unda iyos cnobili.
gaixseneT SemTxveva, rodesac me Tqven
ori germanuli wyalqveSa navis Taobaze
mogawodeT informacia.
am sityvebze misi advokati gaognebuli wamoxta, man araferi icoda am istoriis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomarem moxerxebulad moigeria
gansasjelis gamoxtoma da aRSfoTebulma esrola:
_ es simarTlea. es Tqven marTlac
gaakeTeT, magram es swored Tqven sawinaaRmdegod mowmobs. Tqven axlaxans
amtkicebdiT, rom arasodes gisaubriaT
samxedro sakiTxebze arc germanel
jaSuSebTan, arc germaniis armiis maRal
CinosnebTan. neba miboZeT gkiTxoT,
maSin ra gziT SeityveT germanuli
wyalqveSa navebis adgilmdebareoba?
am kiTxvaze kuTxeSi mimwyvdeulma,
ubedurma qalma veraferi upasuxa.
procesis bolos misma rwmunebulma
brwyinvale sityva warmosTqva, romelSic amtkicebda, rom yvela braldeba
wayenebuli misi dasacavi piris mimarT,
mxolod agenturis moxsenebebs eyrd-
noba, xolo Tavad agentebi sasamarTlos
ar daswrebian. yvelaze didi, rasac
braldebam miaRwia, ramdenime policiuri oqmis warmodgena iyo, romelTa
samarTlianobis Semowmeba sasamarTloze SeuZlebeli iyo. advokatma Ria
sasamarTlo
procesi
moiTxova.
prokuroris sapasuxo sityva sakmaod
mokle iyo. igi sikvdiliT dasjas
moiTxovda. sasamarTlo ganxilvis meore dRes mosamarTleebi saTaTbirod
gavidnen, romelic didxans ar gagrZelebula. rodesac isini sxdomaTa darbazSi dabrundnen, Tavmjdomarem fexze
wamodgoma SesTavaza iq myofT da
sasamarTlos mdivanma gamotanili
ganaCenis Semdegi striqonebi waikiTxa:
_ respublikisa da frangi xalxis
saxeliT
samxedro
sasamarTlo,
holandiis qveSevrdoms, romelic sakuTar Tavs mata harid moixseniebs, cnobs
damnaSaved safrangeTis winaaRmdeg jaSuSobaSi da adgens misi sikvdiliT
dasjas.
samarisebur siCumeSi ubeduri gansasjelis isteriuli kivili gaisma:
_ magram es SeuZlebelia! es SeuZlebelia!
wamis Semdeg man didi Zalisxmevis
fasad sakuTari Tavi xelSi aiyvana da
mtkice
nabijebiT
gaemarTa
gasasvlelisken. badragma igi ukan cixeSi daabruna. meore dRes damcvelma
apelacia Seitana, magram arc ki ganuxilavT. maSin man Sewyalebis Txovna
waradgina prezidentis saxelze dawerili da isev uari miiRo. damcvelis
kvalad Sewyalebis TxovniT prezidents
mTelma rigma frangma da neitralurma
maRali Tanamdebobis pirebma mimarTes,
magram kvlav warumateblad. puankare
Seuryeveli iyo. sasikvdilo ganaCeni
ZalaSi darCa.
sami Tvis manZilze cixeSi yofnis
dros mata harim Zlieri suliskveTeba
da
uzarmazari
TavSekavebuloba
gamoavlina, riTic yvelas mxridan, visac
masTan im dReebSi hqonia Sexeba Rrma
pativiscema daimsaxura.
1917 wlis 15 oqtombris diliT igi
mSvidad da amayad Cajda avtomobilSi,
romelmac igi dasaxvretad gamoyofil
adgilamde miiyvana. igi maSinve dadga
boZTan, sadac ganaCeni unda aRsrulebuliyo. misi mimarTulebiT jariskacebis mier gasrolili yvela tyviidan,
mas mxolod erTaderTi tyvia moxvda,
romelmac maSinve mouswrafa sicocxle.
tyvia pirdapir gulSi moxvda. aqedan
gamomdinare, mTel aTeulSi, romelsac
mata haris daxvreta hqonda davalebuli, mxolod erTi jariskaci moiZebna
iseTi, romelmac maT Tofi zustad
daumizna.
danarCenebma
acileba
gadawyvites, xolo erTi axalgazrda
jariskaci ugonod daeca da misi mosuliereba eqim bizars mouxda, romelic
sasjelis aRsrulebas dasjilis
sikvdilis dasadastureblad eswreboda.
am istorias unda davamatoT, rom
germaneli hana vitigi, romlis wyalobiTac frangebma mata haris mxileba
moaxerxes, omis dasrulebis Semdeg
colad gahyva graf de Siins da kinos
cnobili msaxiobi gaxda klod fransis
saxeliT. Tumca mas mudmivad awuxebda
sindisis qenjna mata haris sikvdilis
gamo da bolos veRar gauZlo. 1928
wels hana vitigma Tavi moikla.
ra ici saqarTvelos dedaqalaqze
ras niSnavs navTluRi, didube, naZaladevi, samgori _
Tbilisis ubnebis saxelebis istoria
Tbilisis teritoriis ubnebad da
dasaxlebebad dayofa saukuneebis win,
TandaTan daiwyo. TiToeul dasaxlebas
Tavisi saxelwodeba da saintereso istoria Tu legenda aqvs.
axla mxolod ramdenime maTganis
Sesaxeb gvinda mogiTxroT da esenia:
navTluRi, didube, naZaladevi, samgori,
anu rogor daerqvaT saxelebi da rodidan fiqsirdeba TiToeuli istoriul
wyaroebSi.
navTluRi
navTluRi _ Tbilisis Zveli ubania,
romelic mdinare mtkvris marcxena
sanapiroze, qalaqis
samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, isani-samgoris raionSia
gaSenebuli. saxelwodeba Turqulia
da navTis adgils, sanavTes niSnavs
(navTobis simciris gamo sarewao
mniSvneloba ar hqonda). XVIII saukunis
60-ian wlebSi mefe erekle II-m iq cixegalavani aago da gapartaxebuli
navTluRi xelmeored dasaxlda. 1770
wlidan navTluRs erekles cixesac
uwodebdnen. am teritoriaze gadioda
aRmosavleTisaken mimavali erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani savaWro-satranzito gza
(e.w. kaxeTis gza). navTluRSi SemorCenilia wminda barbares saxelobis 2
eklesia; erTi Sua saukuneebisa (axlandeli saxe XIX saukuneSi miiRo),
meore — XIX saukunis II naxevris.
didube
didube _ Tbilisis erT-erTi ubani
da qalaqis teritoriuli nawili. is
1870-iani wlebidan aris. mdebareobs
mdinare mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze,
Crdilo-dasavleT mxareze. moicavs
wereTlis gamzirs da mis mimdebare
quCebs.
didube warmodga saxelwodebidan
“didi dube” e.i. didi vake. qalaqis am
midamoebis uZvelesi saxelwodebaa “cx-
enis terfi” (daaxl. V saukunidan).
Tbilisis ganapira adgilis saxelad
didube pirvelad XII saukuneSi gvxvdeba, roca mematiane mefe Tamarisa da
daviT soslanis qorwinebisa da
Samqoris brZolis (1195 weli) Semdeg
iq gamarTul saxalxo zeims aRgviwers.
didubeSi idga mefis erT-erTi sasaxle
da karis eklesia. iq aragvidan gamoyvanili iyo ru, romelic wyals mefis
zvrebs awvdida. Semdgom saukuneebSi
didube gaukacrielda.
XVII saukuneSi, vaxtang V-is mefobis
dros, didubeSi isev gaCnda mosaxleoba.
amave periodSi avWalidan ru gamoiyvanes. XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi igi
qalaqispira sofeli iyo da Tbiliss
sasoflo-sameurneo produqcias awvdida... XIX saukunis dasawyisSi Sedgenili Tbilisis gegmis mixedviT, didubeSi ori sarwyavi arxi yofila _ avWalidan gamoyvanili ru da mtkvridan
gamoyvanili e.w. “baRis arxi”. 1818 wels
didubis CrdiloeT nawilSi daasaxles
germaneli kolonistebi. im periodidan
didubis am nawils aleqsanderdorfi
ewoda.
naZaladevi
naZaladevi _ qalaqis CrdiloeTdasavleT nawilSi gaSenebuli Zveli
ubania, romelic saqarTveloSi revoluciuri
moZraobis
erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani kera iyo. Tbilissa da
foTs Soris rkinigzis gaxsnis (1872
weli) Semdeg didubis teritoriaze
or nawilad gaiyo; rkinigzis gaRma,
aRmosavleTiT, muSaxeli sacxovreblad
unebarTvod ikavebda miwebs da saxldeboda, axal ubanmac aqedan miiRo saxelwodeba, anu naZaladevad saxeldeboda. naZaladevis rkinigzis saxelosnoebi gaxda Tbilisis proletariatis
sabrZolo skola. 1905 wlis dekemberSi
sayovelTao politikuri gaficvis
pirveli dReebidan, naZaladevSi xelisu-
fleba ajanyebuli proletariatis xelSi gadavida. muSuri naZaladevi mokle
droiT “respublikad” gamocxadda. muSebi iaraRdebodnen, gaficva SeiaraRebul
ajanyebaSi unda gadazrdiliyo. mefis
mTavrobam represiebs mimarTa _
rkinigzaze samxedro wesebi gamocxadda. 17 dekembers jarma naZaladevs
alya
Semoartyes.
xelisuflebam
cxenosani nawilebi da artileria
gamoiyena. muSebis Tavganwiruli winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, ajanyeba damarcxda. naZaladevSi revoluciuri saqmianoba daiwyo stalinma.
samgori
samgori _ legenda mogviTxrobs,
rom loWinis xevSi calxela moxuci
cxovrobda, romelsac qalaqisTvis
mtris Semosevis Setyobineba evaleboda,
_ maRal svetze cecxls anTebda. erTxel man sikvdilisagan ixsna Svlis
nukri da Tavis qoxSi waiyvana, sadac
Tavis SvilebTan erTad zrdida. mamis
gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi saqmianoba
vaJebma ganagrZes. erT dRes, roca am
adgilebSi mteri gamoCnda, ufrosi Zma
svetze CiraRdniT avarda, magram mtris
isarma gul-mkerdi gaugmira da Camoagdo, meore Zmam scada cecxlis atana,
magram mtris isarma isic usulod
dasca miwaze. manamde Wabukma moaswo
da qalaqSi Sveli afrina weriliT
kiserze. qalaqma mtris Semoseva Seityo
da laSqari Seikriba. Sveli roca
dabrunda da Tavisi Zmobilebi usulod
ixila, Tavi qvas axala da Tavadac
suli ganuteva. brZolidan dabrunebulma qarTvelebma i poves daxocilebi da
samive cal-cakle daasaflaves. Semdeg
meomrebma maT saflavebs saTiTaod
daayares TiTo muWa miwa. mas mere
wesad SemoiRes, yoveli brZolis Semdeg
aq modiodnen da saflavebs muWiT
miwas ayridnen. ase wamoizarda im adgilas sami gora, ris gamoc im adgils
samgori ewoda.
lali facia
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
10
ratom gadaasvenes galaktioni pirdapir mweralTa saxlSi?
araerTxel yofila _ galaktioni
da me stumrad viyaviT, zRapruli sufra
gaiSala, biZaCemma Tqva: Cems nodars
limonaTi miarTviT! amas Segnebulad
akeTebda, radgan abjarTmtvirTveli
ar unda damTvraliyo. ra mevaleboda?
galaktioni unda wameyvana saxlSi, meore sarTulze ameyvana, saZinebelSi
momeTavsebina, momevlo da a.S”. _ ase
daiwyo Cveni saubari. poetis ZmisSvili,
nodar tabiZe da me, batoni nodaris
kabinetSi vsxedvarT. magidaze galaktionis wigni devs.
_ batono nodar, albaT, dRe ar gava,
galaktions rom ar gadaxedoT?
_ ra Tqma unda, galaktionis wigni
yovelTvis magidaze midevs. es wigni
uniWieresi kacis, murman lebaniZis
gamocemulia. erTxel vaxtang javaxaZesTan murmani da kidev ramdenime poeti vqeifobdiT. qeifis dasasrul murmanma miTxra, _ unda gagaciloo. _
murman, Zvirfaso aqve vcxovrob, ra
gacileba minda-meTqi? _ arao, daiJina.
gzaSi miTxra: bolo xans galaktioni
Zalian xSirad mesizmreba da msayvedurobs, ratom mimatoveT uyuradRebodo? ar vici ra vqna, sanTeli minda
avunToo. WyviSSi Camosvla SevTavaze,
Zalian gauxarda. marTlac, batonma
murmanma quTaisSi cxvari iyida da saTanadod “Semkuli” Camovida. oTxi
dRis manZilze Cemi bebia-babuis
saflavze gavdiodiT da xan is Tamadobda, xan _ me. murmans galaktioni
uzomod uyvarda.
_ Tqven ar gesizmrebaT xolme?
_ iSviaTad. zogjer, mavanTa mier,
sizmris aRwera moCvenebiTia, amitom
amaze xazgasma ar miyvars.
_ marjaniSvilis quCaze roca cxovrobdiT, is periodi gaixseneT.
_ galaktionTan aravin modioda,
Caketilad cxovrobda, megobari ar hyolia. erTaderTxel arCil sulakauri
megobarTan erTad movida, almanaxi
“pirveli sxivi” moutanes. kale boboxiZe gverdiT saxlSi cxovrobda. mxolod erTi SemTxveva iyo, roca is dapatiJa da patara sufra SuSabandSi
gauSala. es iyo da es. galaktioni
sul papiross eweoda. kabineti mudam
daulagebeli hqonda. erTxel vkiTxe:
_ saqarTveloSi vin aris Tqven Semdeg
didebuli poeti? iseTi pirovneba
daasaxela, rom Cemi saxe Rimilma dafara. mixvda Tavadac, rom arazusti
pasuxi gamca da daamata: _ araCveulebrivad patiosani kacia, naRdi komunistio. poet giorgi quCiSvils axloblad
Tvlida. es imiTac aixsneba, rom orives
erTnairi gatacebebi hqondaT. isini
erTmaneTs ara marto poeziis, aramed
mSfoTvare bohemuri cxovrebiTac
uaxlovdebodnen. orive erT saxlSi
cxovrobda. Cven meoreze sarTulze,
quCiSvili _ meoTxeze, amitom yovelTvis
erTad iyvnen. galaktions arasodes
mis poeziaze sityva ar dauZravs, magram
ubrwyinvales moqalaqed da Tu gnebavT,
karg “loTad” Tvlida. Cvens quCaze
tramvai dadioda. veridan Camouxvevda,
marjaniSvilis quCaze gamouxvevda da
mere plexanovze midioda. 1937 weli
iyo, galaktioni tramvaidan Camodioda.
Tavis saxls gaxeda, sadarbazosTan
sami kaci idga. mixvda, daWeras upirebdnen da morCa, galaktioni gaqra. kibis
safexurTan SeCerda da ayvirda: _
xalxo, uSveleT saqarTvelos saxalxo
poets, mosaklavad mosdeven! imwamsve
viRac axalgazrdebi masTan gaCndnen
da is sami kaci uceb gauCinarda. misi
monayolia.
_ galaktionis fotoebze visaubroT,
masTan erTad gadaRebul suraTebze.
_ aba wavideT, gaviseirnoTo, ityoda
da mivdiodiT. misi ukanaskneli fotos
istoria aseTia: gaviseirneT da voroncovis moedans mivuaxlovdiT. modi,
erTi suraTi gadaviRoTo. iqve, fotoatelieSi SevediT. xeli gadamxvia
da suraTi gadaviReT. gareT gamovediT
_ axla, Sen Seni gziT wadi da me Cemi
gziT wavalo, miTxra. gavocdi, iSviaTad
xdeboda ase, radgan mudam Tan unda
vxlebodi. es foto gardacvalebamde
ramdenime dRiT adre gadaviReT da
misi dakrZalvis Semdeg gamovitane.
cota adrindeli fotoa samaias baRSi,
SadrevanTan gadaRebuli. karg xasiaTze
iyo, xarxarebda. TbilisSi arcerTi
didi fotografi ar darCenila, vis
atelieSic suraTi ar gadauRia da
yovelTvis dasZenda xolme: _ Zamiko,
es foto gamoakari! isinic Txovnas
usrulebdnen. suraTebs ZiriTadad marto iRebda.
_ siTbos rogor gamoxatavda, icoda
mofereba?
_ mofereba ar iyo misTvis niSandoblivi, ver gadagexveoda. erTi ram
icoda, Tu rame awuxebda an ramis Tqma
undoda, pirvel rigSi, CemTan modioda.
Cemi patara oTaxis kars SemoaRebda
da sasTumalTan Camomijdeboda. erTxel momiyva: gaige, mweralTa kavSirSi
ra momxdara? Turme, Ramis aT saaTze
Suqi Caqra da mweralTa kavSiris gamgeobis mdivans TelasSi daurekavs. _
ra xdeba? aq, mwerlebi vmuSaobT, Tqven
ki Suqs gvirTavT. es ras hgavso?
iqidan upasuxes _ rusTavelis dros
eleqtroenergia ar iyo, magram “vefxistyaosani” dawerao. galaktioni
xarxarebda, pasuxi Zalian moewona. am
ambavs xSirad imeorebda.
_ Tqven gadagiSliaT misTvis guli?
_ masTan gulis gadaSla rogor
SeiZleboda? galaktions unda moferebodi, mihyolodi, misTvis yvelaferi
unda gagekeTebina da Tan, mudam unda
gegrZno, rom Sen mefis winaSe valdebuli xar. es Tavidanve gacnobierebuli
mqonda da Cveni urTierTobac am kuTxiT viTardeboda.
_ rodis rTuldeboda urTierToba?
_ roca loTobis xana iwyeboda,
gamudmebuli sma dilidan saRamomde
amazrzen saxes iRebda. vexvewebodi, _
biZaCemo, “leCkombinatSi” wavideT-meTqi,
magram ar momyveboda. gardacvalebamde
cota xniT adre Zlivs davawvineT.
maSin undoda galaktions yuradReba,
loTobis zarxoSidan gamosvla urTulesia
_
adamianma
SeiZleba
sisulele Caidinos. Cemi varianti aseTia: galaktions Tavi ar mouklavs.
daukvirdiT, fanjarasTan skami dgas,
zed dakecili xalaTia gadadebuli.
is fanjridan iyureboda, egona, rom
qvemoT zRva livlivebda da gadaeSva.
naxevari saaTis Semdeg damirekes, _
galaktioni daiRupao. gaviqeci, direqtoris kabinetSi Sevedi. iq universitetis proreqtori, sergo jorbenaZe
ijda. damaeWva misma iq yofnam. miTxra
_ ise Semoviareo. sinamdvileSi, faqtis
iuridiulad gasaformeblad gamoiZaxes.
biZaCemi mxolod raRac drois Semdeg
maCvenes. ratom? gasagebia. roca is
daeca, gamofxizlda da tanjva saxeze
aesaxa. garkveuli procedurebis Semdeg
is angeloziviT iwva. galaktioni saxlSi ar wavasvene. veravis avuxsnidi, rom
saxli angreul-dangreuli da mosawesrigebeli iyo, amitom pirdapir mweralTa saxlSi gadavasveneT, Semdeg didebul savanes _ mTawmindas miabares.
_ misi cxovrebis yvela wvrilmani
iciT. rame iseTi detali aris, rac
gaocebdaT?
_ erTi faqti roca aRmovaCine, SevSfoTdi: galaktioni 12 wlis iyo da
deidasTan dasasveneblad wavida. galaktionis deda das swerda _ “yuradRebiT
iyavi, loToba daiwyo”. Zalze sagulisxmo faqtia. 12 wlisa alkoholisadmi garkveul midrekilebas
amJRavnebda. e.i. Tavidanve, Rvino da
arayi misTvis erTgvari Sveba, moTxovna
da sxva samyaroSi gadasvla iyo. sxvaTa
Soris, wyenis damaxsovreba icoda. 20ian wlebSi raJden kalaZem (karlo
kalaZis mama) galaktionis winaaRmdeg
mZafri kritikuli werili gamoaqveyna.
erTxel mweralTa kavSiridan gamovediT. kalaZe maCablis quCaze cxovrobda.
uceb galaktionma karlo SeniSna,
romelmac gverdis avla scada. galaktionma uTxra: Zamiko kale, saiT midixar,
modi aq! raRas izamda? movida. galak-
tionma qamarSi xeli Caavlo: _ nodar,
ici vin aris amisi mama? _ momibrunda
me. _ rogor ara, mwerali da sazogado
moRvawe, raJden kalaZe, _ vupasuxe. _ es
Cveni raJdeni Sua zafxulSi virze Sejdeboda, qolgas daixuravda da virs
miaCaqCaqebdao,
_
galaktionma
gadaixarxara, amgvarad dascina warsulis gamo. karlom Zlivs gaiTavisufla Tavi da gaiqca. misi ucnaurobis
bevri detali maxsovs.
_ galaktionis wignebis yvela gamocema
gaqvT, romelia
TqvenTvis
gansakuTrebuli?
_ 1919 wels “artistuli yvavilebi”
gamovida. es iyo movlena qarTul
poeziaSi, am wignis gamo airCies poetTa
mefed. yvelaze saukeTeso gamocemaa
1927 wlis rCeuli “zarniSiani wigni”.
Semdeg wlebSi uamravi tomeuli da
krebuli gamovida, magram galaktioni
am wigns yvelaze metad afasebda.
_ galaktionis mTavari siyvaruli
olia okujavaa, kidev vin iyo?
_ galaktions oTxi coli hyavda.
misi araoficialuri coli, didebuli
qali lidia megreliZe iyo, Tumca mas
qmaric hyavda. qali Tavis dRiurebSi
werda, rogor uyvarda galaktioni da
mas qmars eZaxda. “is garewari, loTi
movklaT”? aris aseTi Canaweric, lidias
naTesavebs ekuTvniT es fraza. maTi
siyvarulis ambavi sakmaod gaxmaurebuli iyo. yovelTvis, rodesac galaktionoba imarTeba, rasac Semdeg patara
seroba moyveba xolme, rogorc Tamada,
amgvar sadRegrZelos vambob: am ojaxis
mTavar diasaxliss, olia okujavas
gaumarjos! visac am wyvilis werilebi,
erTmaneTTan mimowera wakiTxuli aqvs,
is gaocdeba maTi zeciuri da amaRlebuli siyvaruliT.
_ arsebobs iseTi leqsis xelnaweri,
romelic arasodes dabeWdila?
_ Zneli saTqmelia, galaktioni yvelafers beWdavda. me ra xelnawerebic
maqvs, yvela gamoqveynebulia.
_ mis leqsebze uamravi simRera
dawerila...
_ galaktionis leqsi Tavad musikaa,
amitom bunebrivia, igi unda JRerdes.
kidev bevri saukeTeso simRera daiwereba mis leqsebze.
_ WyviSSi saxl-muzeumi ra mdgomareobaSia?
_ saxelmwifo yuradRebas aqcevs.
galaktionis saxlis gverdiT sakmaod
didi saxl-muzeumia, daaxloebiT 15
kaci muSaobs. saxlis rikulebi daZvelda da amas winaT gamocvales. Zveli
saxli sainteresoa tradiciuli qarTuli aivniT da oTaxiT, romelsac ficruli iataki da Weri aqvs.
saqinformi: „vardebis revoluciidan“ 11 wlis ruseTis javaxkis diasporis mimarTva
Zvirfaso Tanamemamuleebo!
Semdeg, swored 15 noembers _ saxelmwifo
saqarTvelo safrTxeSia! Cven sajarod da araerTxel vafrTxgadatrialebis mizniT „nacmoZraobis“ pirveli ilebdiT saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisa da daSlis safrTxis
masobrivi aqciis dRes _ saqarTveloSi jorj Sesaxeb. da ai ukve saxezea amis zogierTi Ria gamovlineba. yvelasaTvis naTelia, rom Cveni sayvareli saqarTvelos mtrebis mier
sorosi Camova, Tavisi dakrZalvis fulis
SemuSavebulia qveyanaSi politikuri krizisis inicirebisa da
xelsiuflebis Secvlis Taobaze moqmedebebis gegma. saqarTveloSi
gamosamuSaveblad...
oficialurad cnobili politteqnologimiliarderi, romelic mTel msoflioSi xelisuflebis cvlas asponsorebs, saqarTveloSi
Tavisi fondis filialis 20-wlian iubileze
Camodis, romelsac „Ria sazogadoeba _
saqarTvelo“ hqvia. bolos jorj sorosi
saqarTvelos kerZo vizitad 2012 wlis dekemberSi estumra, roca biZina ivaniSvils Sexvda,
aseve sorosi davosSi Sexvda irakli RaribaSvils da dRes ukve sagareo saqmeTa eqsministr maia fanjikiZes, romlis mimarTac, rogorc
amboben, gulgrili ar aris...
saqinformis mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom
sorosis fondis warmomadgenlebi msoflios
30-ze met qveyanaSi muSaoben. 20 wlis win _
1994 wels _ sorosma saqarTveloSi Tavisi
fondis filiali gaxsna, maSin qarTvelebma
da araqarTvelebma pirvelad gaiges muqTa
fulis Sesaxeb, romelsac granti ewodeba;
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac en-je-o-ebi ewodeba, da treningebis
Sesaxeb, sadac proeqtebis weras aswavlian...
10 wlis ganmavlobaSi _ 1994-dan 2004 wlamde
sorosma saqarTveloSi sazogadoeba moamzada
gadatrialebisTvis, saxelmwodebiT „vardebis
revolucia“, romlis Sedegadac xelisuflebaSi movida misi xalxi, saakaSviliT saTaveSi,
da sorosma sameulTan erTad, „revoluciaSi“
Cadebuli xarjebi amoiRo...
gadioda wlebi, Camowva mwuxri, saakaSvili
gaqceuli sisxlis samarTlis damnaSave da
bomJia... amitom kidev 11 wlis Semdeg _ 2014
wels _ mousvenarma filantropma gadawyvita
saqarTveloSi kidev erTi revoluciis mowyoba, „maidanis“ msgavsad, da masze Tavisi
dasasaflavebeli fulis gamomuSaveba...
axali revolucia mwifdeba, an gulaxdilad rom vTqvaT _ saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, rac apriori qveyanas mis saboloo
gaqrobamde miiyvans.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, mogiwodebT:
1. yvela saSualebiTa da xerxiT mxari davuWiroT saqarTvelos
mTavrobas, premier-ministri irakli RaribaSviliT saTaveSi;
2. ar avyveT provokaciul mowodebebs da uari vTqvaT gamyidveli
adgilobrivi anda ucxouri destruqciuli Zalebis mier insinuirebuli nebismieri saxis masobriv Sekrebebsa da saprotesto
aqciebSi monawileobaze;
3. saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo gadatrialebis SemTxvevaSi, gamocxaddes samcxe-javaxeTis mxaris teritoria romelime saxelmwifos
gareT arsebul suverenul teritoriad;
_ Seiqmnas mxaris droebiTi aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba
axali legitimuri xelisuflebis organoebis formirebamde;
_ uari vTqvaT dasavleTis mier Tavsmoxveul da iZulebiT e. w.
koabitaciaze da gavauqmoT mxaris yvela politikuri partia;
4. saswrafod Catardes lustracia da mkacr pasuxisgebaSi
mieces yvela piri, romelic qveynis rRvevaSi monawileobs.
ruseTis javaxkis diaspora
ruseTis federacia, 2014 wlis 7 noemberi
saqinformi
18-25 noemberi 2014
11
ilori
“saakaSvilis problema dRes irakli alasaniaa”
“mTeli is periodi, rac mixeil
saakaSvili aRar aris prezidenti, man
uamravi dro da energia daxarja
imisaTvis, rom dasavleTis TvalSi erTaderTi da Seucvleli prodasavleli
qarTveli lideri politikosis imiji
gaeZlierebina”
“adamianebs dRevandeli kvercxi
urCevniaT xvalindel qaTams, Tundac
es qaTami evropulad iyos Semwvari…
Znelia kacs, romelsac Sin normalur
sadils danatrebuli Svilebi elodebian, dasavluri sistemuri mowyobis
istoriul upiratesobaze esaubro”
rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi mas
Semdeg, rac irakli alasania da misi
politikuri gundi umravlesobidan
opoziciaSi gadavida, ra Seicvleba
qarTul politikur realobaSi da vis
gauweven konkurencias Tavisufali
demokratebi, am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema
politikis da samarTlis centris
Tavmjdomares amiran giguaSvils vTxoveT.
_ batono amiran, jer kidev maSin,
rodesac irakli alasania Tavdacvis
ministrad rCeboda, ambobdiT, rom
mmarTvel koaliciaSi politikuri
gadarCevis procesi daiwyo, romelic
nacionaluri moZraobis, rogorc ZiriTadi prodasavluri opoziciuri Zalis
Canacvlebas gamoiwvevda da am rols
Tavisufali demokratebi Seasrulebdnen. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan sainteresoa, ramdenad moaxerxeben Tavisufali demokratebi wamyvani prodasavluri opoziciuri niSis dakavebas.
eyofaT Tu ara maT gamocdileba da
eleqtoratis mxardaWera aseTi ambiciuri miznebis misaRwevad?
_ me arasodes miTqvams, rom
ivaniSvili, RaribaSvili da alasania
dasxdnen da es procesi winaswar
dagegmes, magram amave dros movlenaTa
bunebrivi ganviTareba amgvari Sedegi
winaswar ganWvretis SesaZleblobas
iZleoda. mmarTveli koaliciis, rogorc
erTiani organizmis Seqmnis da gamaerTianebeli faqtori nacionaluri
moZraobis damarcxeba iyo da mas
Semdeg rac ganvlil sxvadasxva donis
arCevnebze maT am amocanas met-naklebi
warmatebiT gaarTves Tavi, bunebrivad
daiwyo koaliciis daSlis procesi.
vfiqrob Tavisufali demokratebi
ukanasknelni ar iqnebian, vinc koalicias datovebs da am kataklizmebiT
aRsavse procesis mowmeni kidev didxans
viqnebiT, minimum 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebamde. rac Seexeba Tavisufali demokratebis Sansebs. es
mTlianad maTzea damokidebuli. irakli
alasanias, iseve rogorc gasul wlebSi
amJamadac SesaniSnavi sastarto pirobebi aqvs da kidev ufro ukeTesi eqneboda,
Tavad rom ar Seesustebina is muxti,
romelic Tanamdebobidan moxsnisas
aswia. man Tavidan es procesebi qveynis
evropul
arCevanTan
brZolas
daukavSira, xolo Semdeg yovelive mxolod prokraturis mier misi gundis
winaaRmdeg dakavSirebul gamoZiebamde
daiyvana, rac vfiqrob minimum damabnevelia misive potenciuri eleqtoratisaTvis. meores mxriv, SesaZloa ase
ukeTesi iyos kidec, raTa mieces
saSualeba naklebi politikuri wnexis
qveS moaxerxos gadajgufeba da organizaciuli sakiTxebis mogvareba. rac
Seexeba Tavisufali demokratebis mzaobas da gamocdilebas. miuxedavad
imisa, rom xSirad maTSi di plomatia
sWarbobs politikosobas, vfiqrob isini
kidev didxans iTamaSeben wamyvan poziciebze. Tumca uaxloes momavalSi
Sansebi calke aRebul arc erT prodasavlur Zalas ar eqneba da momaval
saparlamento arCevnebSi maT aucileblad mouwevT gaerTianeba. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi isini ganwirulni arian
didi marcxisaTvis.
_ ra gaZlevT aseTi pesimisturi
prognozis gakeTebis safuZvels. qarTuli ocneba da masSi Semavali partiebi acxadeben, rom isini qveynis
dasavluri kursis erTgulebi rCebian.
_ imedi maqvs premier ministr RaribaSvilis mkveTri gancxadebebi maT
ucvlel kursze evro-atlantikuri integraciis mimarTulebiT mxolod
deklaraciad ar darCeba. Zalian kargia,
rom aseTi gancxadeba maSinve gakeTda,
rodesac yofilma Tavdacvis ministrma
da misi gundis sxva wevrebma es sakiTxi
win wamoswies. amave konteqstSi droulia
prezident
margvelaSvilis
mowodeba gaimarTos sajaro ganxilva
qveynis
evro-atlantikuri
mimarTulebiT
arsebuli
gamowvevebis
Sesaxeb. amasTan mxolod Tundac prodasavluri mmarTveli Zalis yofna
momaval parlamentSi, sulac ar niSnavs,
rom es sakmarisia kursis mdgradobisa
da ucvlelobisaTvis. Cven parlamentSi
poziciaSic da opoziciaSic prodasavluri Zalebi gvWirdeba. sazogadoebis dRevandeli ganwyoba ki aSkarad
miuTiTebs imedgacruebaze am mxriv.
adamianebs dRevandeli kvercxi urCevniaT xvalindel qaTams, Tundac es
qaTami evropulad iyos Semwvari.
yoveldRiurobiT
problemebiT
daRlil Cvens moqalaqeebs, romelTa
umetesobasac elementarulad TviTgadarCenis problemebi aqvT, maRal materiebze da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebze fiqrisTvis ubralod dro
ar rCebaT. Znelia kacs, romelsac Sin
normalur
sadils
danatrebuli
Svilebi elodebian, dasavluri sistemuri mowyobis istoriul upiratesobaze esaubro. realoba aseTia da am
realobiT kargad sargebloben latenturi jgufebi, romelTa kumiric
moZalade reJimebia da ara TeTrxelTaTmaniani evroparlamentarebi.
– ramdenad realurad gesaxebaT
prodasavluri Zalebis erToba, miT
umetes maSin, rodesac irakli alasaniam
wiTeli xazi gaavlo nacionalur
moZraobasTan TanamSromlobis kuTxiT
da sazogadoebac ara mgonia amas
aplodismentebiT Sexvdes?
– politikaSi statikuri araferia,
magram es ar aris mTavari. mTavari is
aris, rom aseTi TanamSromlobis
survili am etapze Tavad nacionalur
moZraobasac ar eqneba. ufro sworad
ki mis liderebs da konkretulad mixeil saakaSvils. pirvelive Sefasebebi,
rac man gaakeTa iyo is, rom am process
ivaniSvilis TamaSebi uwoda. garda
amisa, mTeli is periodi, rac mixeil
saakaSvili aRar aris prezidenti, man
uamravi dro da energia daxarja
imisaTvis, rom dasavleTis TvalSi erTaderTi da Seucvleli prodasavleli
qarTveli lideri politikosis imiji
gaeZlierebina. amitomac cxadia, misTvis
am TvalsazrisiT mTavari problema
dRes irakli alasaniaa, romelmac
swored mis segmentSi unda iTamaSos.
vin gamova am konkurenciaSi gamarjvebuli amas dro gvanaxebs. mixeil
saakaSvils udavod didi fora aqvs, magram amave dros misi radikalizmi da
avanturizmi, SesaZloa gadamwyveti
xelSemSleli faqtoric aRmoCndes
irakli alasanias di plomatiurobasa
da gawonasworebulobasTan SedarebiT
Cveni strategiuli mokavSireebisaTvis.
vnaxoT, uaxloesi momavali yvelafers
naTels gaxdis.
v.TavberiZe
irakli RaribaSvilis
frazebi alasaniasa da mis
“Tavisufal
demokratebze”:
irakli RaribaSvili: politika ar
aris keklucoba da gapranWuli saubari
“me zogadad miyvars pirdpair
saubari. sajarod me tyuili ar miTqvams. meore sakiTxia, unda meTqva Tu
ar unda meTqva. mec ar momewona is
sityvebi rac vTqvi, magram Tu SefasebebSi vidavebT, SemiZlia nebismier
adamians SevekamaTo. is rac movismineT,
magaliTad, yofili sagareo saqmeTa
ministrisgan, Turme me unda gadavmdgariyavi, ai Turme ra hqoniaT
Cafiqrebuli, rom amas Cemi gadadgoma
moyoloda. es Zalian araseriozuli
Sefasebebia maTi mxridan. kidev erTxel
adastureben, rom es adamianebi ar
iyvnen mowodebuli emsaxuron saxelmwifos. maT srulad Camoixsnes
niRabi. TviTlustrireba moaxdines. am
ori wlis ganmavlobaSi me realurad
sxva adamians viyurebdi.
minda Sedareba gavakeTo. rac
alasanaim ver gaakeTa ori wlis ganmavlobaSi, am kacma (Tavdacvis axalma
ministrma janeliZem) da leqso WikaiZem
gaakeTes erT weliwadSi. kveba ver
moawesriga ori wlis ganmavlobaSi
da 880 samxedro, Cveni gmiri moiwamla.
razea saubari da raze melaparakebiT
saerTod. politika ar aris podiumebze
siaruli, raRac keklucoba da gapranWuli saubari. Cven ar gvcalia, Cven ar
gvaqvs dro imisaTvis, rom vasiamovnoT
viRac viRaceebs.”
“yvela adamiani Tavisufalia Tavis
qmedebaSi. Cven mivesalmebiT yvela
opoziciur partias. maT kidev erTxel
warmoaCines, rom isini arian da iqnebian
loialuri “nacionaluri moZraobis”
mimarT, rac Zalian kargia. es maTi
arCevania. Cven yvela opoziciuri partiis gaaqtiurebas mivesalmebiT, ufro
saintereso iqneba politikuri cxovreba. erTi avantiuristi da uWkuo ministri, ambiciuri, CamogvSorda. amiT
iseTi araferi ar momxdara”.
„moRalate, avantiuristi, uWkuo da
ambiciuri ministrebi, romlebisganac
gavTavisufldi! alasania Riad lobirebda da mfarvelobda nacionalebs
_ bokerias, ugulavas, male sazogadoebas
elodeba
siurprizebi, misi
Tanamoazreebi masze samarcxvino
faqtebs Seityoben! is, rac gaakeTa
alasaniam, ra Tqma unda, CemTvis piradad
aris 2012 wlis 1-li oqtombris gamarjvebis Ralati da qarTveli xalxis
motyuebis morigi mcdeloba, rac mas
araerTxel gaukeTebia. maTi absoluturad upasuxismgeblo, araadekvaturi,
absurduli gancxadebebi da „nacionaluri moZraobis“ stilis sicrue
iyo da aris damazianebeli Cveni
qveynisTvis. bolo ori dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime sajaro ganmartebis gakeTeba momiwia imisTvis, rom
bolomde gagveqarwylebina SesaZlo
eWvebi, rac maT absurdul gancxadebebs
ukavSirdeboda. Tundac is, rom maia
fanjikiZes hqonda demonstraciulad
moadgileebis gayolebis mcdeloba,
adasturebs maT upasuxismgeblobas da
upativcemulobas Cveni gundis winaSe.
es adamianebi 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi
yoveldRe CvenTan erTad iyvnen. rogor
SeiZleba, es yvelaferi erTi xelis
mosmiT daiviwyon da uari uTxran im
gamarjvebas, romelsac mivaRwieT baton
biZina ivaniSvilTan erTad. es Zalian
samwuxaroa CemTvis. sagareo saqmeTa
ministris moadgileebi, daviT zalkalianis garda, Tanamdebobebze rCebian,
vinaidan maT daikaves saxelmwifoebrivi
pozicia. mimdinare kviras saqarTvelos
ori sagareo saqmeTa ministri stumrobs
da samarcxvino iqneboda, Tu maT
sagareo uwyebaSi aravin daxvdeboda”!
gazeT “iloris” komentari: rogorc
cnobilia, beRurebi Sor manZilze ver
frenen da erT gafrenaze mxolod
ramdenime aseuli metris dafarva SeuZliaT. Cveni azriT, alasaniasa da misi
gundis WeSmariti miznebis gamoaaSkaravebis Semdeg maT mier ganxorcielebuli wiaRsvla gaxlavT “beRurebis
politikuri gadafrena”, radgan isini
Sors ar wasulan da iqve daeSvnen _
nacionalebis bostanSi. analitikosebi
adrec varaudobdnen, rom alasanias
gundsa da nacionalebs kudebi erTmaneTze hqondaT gadanaskvuli, magram
Tu “Tavisufali demokratebi” da maTi
lideri ase xelerTpirad CamoiZrobdnen
niRabs da gamoaaSkaravebdnen TavianT
dafarul mzakvrul miznebs, es namdvilad aravis egona.
magram, xom gagigoniaT: “Subi xalTaSi ar daimaleba”!
devnilobaSi myof oCamCiris mkvidrTa XI Cempionati nardSi
sazogadoebriv-patriotuli organizacis “erToba”-s iniciativiT sazeimo viTarebaSi Catarda devnilobaSi myof oCamCiris mkvidrTa morigi _ XI
Cempionati nardSi, romlis istoria iwyeba 2001
wlidan da, rogorc wesi, yovel Cempionatis Catareba
eZRvneboda romelime gamorCeul Tanamoqalaqes.
aseTi pirovnebebi iyvnen Tbilisis “dinamo”-sa da
ssrk nakrebis TvalsaCino wevrebi, fexburTelebi a.
tyebuCava, v. sanaia, v. marRania, g. norakiZe, v. daraselia
da sxvebi. gansakuTrebiT aRiniSneba iseTi pirovnebis
Rvawli, rogoric iyo sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri
meliton qanTaria, romlmac gamarjvebis droSa aRmarTa raixstagis gumbaTze _ 1945 wlis 9 maiss.
oCamCirs Rirseuli mkvidria giorgi fifia, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi Rirseulad uZRveboda qveynis uSiSroebis erT-erT wamyvan da sakvanZo struqturas. amJamad mimdinareobs mzadeba moskovis bakulevis saxelobis kardiologiuri centris xelmZRvanelis leo bokeeias 75 wlis aRsaniSnavad.
rac Seexeba ganvlil Cempionats, igi Catarda 2014
wlis 1-2 noembers da masSi monawileobda 32
pirovneba. ordRiani daZabuli brZolis Sedegad
gaimarjva Tadarigis polkovnikma vladimer ubiriam,
romelic pirveli Cempioni gaxda 2001 wels. meore
adgilze gavida iuristi vaxtang gogua, mesameze ki
istorikosi nodar kemularia. samive priziori dajildovda medlebiTa da fasiani saCuqrebiT. Cempionats unarianad uZRveboda sportis ostati Tengiz
norakiZe, romelsac aqtiurad exmarebodnen givi Cxetia, arCil gigava, rezo Cxetia, gia Sanava da sxvebi.
didi daxmareba gagviwies oCamCirelebma, maT Soris
finanasuric. am mxriv Tavi gamoiCines energetikosma
soso kakuliam, saqarTvelos damsaxurebulma melioratorma lorenco Sarangiam, sabanko saqmis specialistma Tamaz Ciqobavam, Cenpionats stumrobdnen
iuri doCia, roland jobava, vladimer ubiria da
sxvebi.
Tengiz norakiZe,
sportis ostati
12
ilori
18-25 noemberi 2014
sportuli kuTxe mihyavs Jurnalist giorgi jalaRanias
ubedurebad qceuli momavlis imedi
manZili ar adardebs m-1 Celenjis mZimewonosan Cempions
guram gugeniSvils (11-0), romelic mzadaa qamari nebismieri
metoqisgan daicvas. gurami
ivlisSi amerikis dasapyrobad
emzadeba.
gugenaSvilisTvis
okeanis gadaRma brZola
sadebiuto iqneba
“qarTveli manqana _ guram gugenaSvili”
am saTauriT, klub “m-1 globalis” veb-gverdma mixfight.ru-m
mZimewonosan qarTvel mebrZols, M_ 1 Celenjis Cempionis
qamris mflobel guram gugenaSvils saintereso statia
uZRvna. samwuxaroa, rom am mxiarul da gamamxnevebel statias
imedismomcem qarTvel vaJkacze,
romlis sportulma warmatebebma lamis mTeli msoflio
aalaparaka, mis nekrologad
viyenebT, radgan saqarTveloSi
dasasveneblad
Camosuli
sportsmeni moulodnelma avtoavariam imsxverpla, roca
igi
megobrebTan
erTad
sanadirod iyo wasuli.
friad samwuxaroa, rom beWdaudebeli vaJkaci aseT brma
SemTxvevas ewireba da aoblebs
ojaxs, megobrebs, msoflio
sports.
aravin icis, kidev rodis
gagvezrdeba qarTvelebs guram
gugenaSvilisTana niWieri daumarcxebeli falavani, romelic
ramdenime weliwadSi iqca
gulSematkivarTa kerpad.
kargi yma mamuls ukvdebao
_
uTqvams
moulodneli
danakargiT Tavzardacemul
Cvens winapars. samwuxarod, asea
_ guram gugenaSvili ara mxilod mis ojaxsa da samegobros, aramed mamuls moukvda!
naTelSi amyofos RmerTma!
aRniSnul werilSi gurami
sakuTar sabrZolo teqnikasa
da
momaval
brZolaze
saubrobs, romelic aSS-Si 2915
wlis 8 ivliss igegmeboda.
qarTvelis metoqe amerikeli
mebrZoli pet beneti (4-2) iqneboda.
_
saqarTvelodan
niu
iorkamde manZili daaxloebiT
7.500 km-ia. es siSore qveynebsa
da kulturebs erTmaneTisgan
didad ganasxvavebs, Tumca
“es aSS-Si Cemi pirveli brZola iqneba, am dRis dadgomas
gansakuTrebiT moveli, Tumca
srulebiT ar vnerviulob.
CemTvis ar aqvs mniSvneloba,
romel qveyanaSi momiwevs brZola. gamonaklisi mxolod
saqarTveloa _ iq gamosvla
udides pasuxismgeblobas makisrebs”.
saerTod, qarTvelebi sabrZolo xelovnebas yovelTvis
did yuradRebas uTmobdnen.
sxvaTa Soris, amboben, rom jer
kidev romis imperiis zeobis
xanaSi romaeli meomrebi savarjiSo gamocdilebas qarTvelebisgan iRebdnen. swored am
qveynis Svilia guram gugeniSvili, romelic Tbilisidan ukrainaSi “ _ 1
ukrainas” miwveviT gadabargda,
axla ki kievsa da doneckSi
varjiSobs.
gugeniSvili
savarjiSo
pirobebiT aRfrTovanebulia:
“me aq yvelaferi maqvs, rac
saWiroa: Tanamedrove darbazi,
axali trenaJorebi, kargi ringi
da tatami”.
cota xnis win man klubi da
sawvrTnelo baza gamoicvala,
Tumca mzadebis procesis umTavresi piroba ucvlelia:
“Cemi mTavari mwvrTneli iyo
da yovelTvis iqneba ioseb
koberiZe.
Cem
savarjiSo
meTodikaSi raime saidumlo
ar imaleba: is praqtikasa da
muxlCauxrel Sromazea agebuli”.
arcTu didi xnis win vebgverdma Bloody Elbow-ma РњРњРђSi msoflios saukeTeso ax-
hbnpwjeb!tfshfj!lsfnmjpwjt
xjho “mbwsfouj!cfsjb!`!YY
tbvlvojt!tbvlfUftp!
nfofkfsj”-t!Ubshnbojt!nfpUyf
upnj- sjUbd!ebtsvmeb!
pUyupnfvmjt!hbnpdfnb
ISSN 1987-8966
algazrda
mZimewonosnad
swored gurami daasaxela.
masze saubrisas yvela maxasiaTebeli erT sityvaSi erTiandeba _ potenciali.
guramis simaRle 195 sm-ia,
wona 100-ze meti. is sul 24
wlisaa. miqs faitSi misi debiuti ori wlis win Sedga.
guramma zedized 11 brZola
moigo.
“brZolisas
Tavisufali
Widaobisa da sabrZolo sambos
ileTebs viyeneb, rac kargi kombinaciaa brZolaSi momgebiani
poziciis misaRebad. yovelTvis
ar veSurebi metoqis mogudvas,
aramed gamarjvebisTvis aucilebel strategiul moqmedebebs mivmarTav. ubralod, xSirad ise xdeba xolme, rom am Zalisxmevis Semdeg moguduli
metoqe mnebdeba”.
gugeniSvilis
erTaderT
naklovanebad brZolis dros
mis sawyis mdgomareobas asaxeleben,
Tumca
mravali
aTletisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic SeniSvnebs uyuradRebod
toveben, gurami mudmivad ganviTarebasa
da
daxvewas
saWirod miiCnevs.
axalgazrda
qarTvelis
swored es Tviseba aRafrTovanebs mis mwvrTnels ioseb
koberiZes:
“mwvrTnels ar SeuZlia
sportsmens Sromismoyvareoba
da mizanswrafuloba aswavlos.
es instiqtebia, romelic adamianis qvecnobierSi an aris, an
ara. guramis SemTxvevaSi, es
misi yvelaze Zlieri Tvisebaa.
yvelaferTan erTad is sakmaod
gonieria da sakuTari Tavis
yvelaze didi kritikosia”.
sportsmenisTvis erTerTi
umTavresi Tviseba xom nebisyofa da gamZleobaa. gurami am
mxrivac gamorCeulia. ai, ase
aRwers is sakuTar stils:
“kargad gaviTavise, rom brZolis dros aramxolod me
vkargav energias, igive emarTeba
_ leila, sayvarelo, gamoiyvane
bavSvi baRidan?
_ ki!
_ agi araa Cemi bavSvi!
_ arc isaa Seni...
* * *
araferi ise ar amaRlebs potencias, rogorc
msubuqi
Sexeba
gaSiSvlebul mavTulTan.
* * *
_ Seni kata ratom dadis Werze?
_ zeda mezoblebs magari “pileukve gamovida I, II,III da IV sosi” aqvT.
* * *
tomebi sergei kremliovis
benzingasamarT
sadgurTan kaci
wignisa “beria _ XX saukunis
papiross eweva. kaxeli eubneba:
saukeTeso menejeri” (redaq_ Caaqre Cqara, Torem Tu daatori aleqsandre Sengelia). baTquna, ormocamde Zirs ar Camogamocema ganxorcielda sax- gagdebs.
alxo moZraoba “samegrelos”
* * *
mxardaWeriT. wignebis SeZena
adamians Tu yvelafers miscem, rac
SeiZleba zugdidSi, rus- unda, isic moundeba, rac manamde ar
Tavelis q.#68-Si, saxalxo undoda.
* * *
moZraoba “samegrelos” ofis_ Cemi Zroxa iseTi daRlili
Si. tel. 599.209.624
TbilisSi wignis realiza- movida naxiridan, vedro rom Sevudgi,
cia moxdeba yovel oTxSabaT zed Camojda.
* * *
dRes, dilis 9 saaTze, baqraZis
svani dgas avtobusis gaCerebasq.#6-Si (didube), an, yoveldRe, Tan, mivida meore svani da ekiTxeba:
metro
“marjaniSvilis”
_ Sen ra nomers ucdi?
amosasvlelSi,
gazeTebis
_ me 2 nomers, Sen?
gamyidvel paatasTan.
_ me 5 nomers.
cnobisaTvis darekeT _
movida 25 nomeri avtobusi da
orive avida.
599.573.322
ilori
redaqciis misamarTi:
Tbilisi,
baqraZis quCa #6
sareg. #01018002930
234-32-95
avtorebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba
faqtebisa da monacemebis sizusteze.
xelnawerebi avtorebs ar ubrundebaT.
ori Tabaxis furcelze
meti moculobis teqsti
redaqcias unda gaegzavnos
el.fostiT (an lazeris
diskiT).
mTavari redaqtori:
teqnikuri redaqtori:
gazeTis menejeri:
metoqesac. ra Tqma unda, orive
viRlebiT, magram sakuTar Tavs
STavagoneb, rom swored axlaa
aucilebeli Zalisxmeva da
Seteva. saWiroa metoqeze meti
gamZleobis gamovlena.
SesaZloa es yvelaferi
sasacilodac JRerdes, Tumca
minda Cemi bavSvobis ambavi
movyve. pataraobisas pitbuli
myavda, romelic Zalian miyvarda da masTan did dros
vatarebdi.
gawvrTnisas
vakvirdebodi mis moqmedebebs
da analizs vukeTebdi mis Seupovrobas.
situaciis Sefaseba fxizeli
gonebiTaa saWiro, brZola ki
mTeli SemarTebiT unda warmarTo.
brZolis
dros
fsiqologias
udidesi
mniSvneloba aqvs: ringze
yovelTvis Tavdajerebuli gavdivar. araviTari “SesaZloa”
an “vaiTu”... gonebaSi trialebs
mxolod “gamarjveba” da “es
unda SeZlo”.
swored am Tvisebebis gamo
axerxebs guram gugeniSvili
brZolis dros iseTi saxifaTo
mdgomareobebidan Tavis daZvrenas da gamarjvebamde misvlas,
sxva rom far-xmals dayrida.
miuxedavad imisa, rom miqs
faiti, rogorc saqarTveloSi,
ise ukrainaSi Sorsaa im donisgan, romelic amerikaSia, gugenaSvili
samSobloSi
varsklavis statuss nelnela,
magram iZens.
“Cven ringze ori qveynis
droSiT gamovdivarT: qarTuliT da ukrainuliT. gurami
saqarTvelos moqalaqea da
Tavisi qveynis patriotia. Tumca, misTvis didi pativia ibrZolos rogorc saqarTvelos,
ise ukrainis saxeliT.
bolo brZolis Semdeg Cven
teleJurnalistebTan nayofierad
vimuSaveT
da
axla
saqarTveloSi ician, vinaa gurami da ras saqmianobs: “M_ 1
globali”.
saxalxo moZraoba “samegrelos” zugdidis organizacia didi gulistkiviliT iuwyeba, rom gardaicvala
batoni jonson kvaracxelia
adamiani, romelmac ASeifara e.w. msoflio axali
wesrigis mesveurTa agentis ed. SevardnaZis bandebisagan
devnili, Cveni samSoblos prezidenti batoni zviad
gamsaxurdia...
ufalma naTelSi amyofos micvalebulis suli
tbybmyp!nlvsobmnb!npvhp!pnj!kfs
ljefw!n[mbws!“obdjpobmvs”!
gbsnblpnbgjbt-!spnfmjd!njt
eb[jswbt!dejmpceb!eb!lwmbw!Dbehb
ybmyjt!kbonsUfmpcjt!tbntbyvsTj
domenti gagniZis mier Seqmnili preparati arCens
avTvisebian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas,
kolits, fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas,
nevrozs, fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, hkurnavs gafantuli
sklerozs da Sidss, Svelis cerebralur damblas, yurebidan
Cirqdenas, botulizms, tuberkulozs, cerozs I da II
stadiebSi, c-hepatits, naRvlis buStis daavadebebs, anTebiT
procesebs, saxsrebis daavadebebs, amyarebs imunitets, da
sxva mraval daavadebas.
mkurnalis koordinatebia: Telavi, sofeli Salauri,
gagniZe biWiko (domenti). tel: 893-22-66-51
Tbilisi, awyuris quCa #70 (metro “isanTan”), yoveldRe _
SabaT-kviris garda, 10-dan 16 saaTamde.
masTan sicocxleze
xelCaqneulebi
midian da
janmrTelebi
brundebian
roland jalaRania
mixeil CodriSvili
zurab qobalia 599-34-37-27
saredaqcio sabWo:
zaur gaxaria, zurab jamburia,
Tengiz kublaSvili, zviad mirgatia,
givi somxiSvili, viqtor caava,
giorgi siWinava, nugzar salayaia (gali)
gazeT “iloris”
gacnoba SegiZliaT
“saqinformis”
vebgverdze
WWW.saqinform.ge