Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Scienze e Tecnologie Geologiche PETROGRAFIA REGIONALE a.a. 2014-2015 Sergio Rocchi rocchi@dst.unipi.it URL corso: http://www.dst.unipi.it/dst/rocchi/SR/PR.html URL registro: http://unimap.unipi.it/registri/dettregistriNEW.php?re=61052::::&ri=4258 1 PETROGRAFIA REGIONALE APENNINE CYCLE POSTCOLLISIONAL STAGE ROMAN PROVINCE 2 NORTHERN APENNINIC COMPRESSIONAL-EXTENSIONAL SYSTEM Tuscan Magmatic Province 1 primitive melts saturated trend north-western Roman Magmatic Province Capraia-Zenobito, Radicofani, Cimini, Torre Alfina, Latera,Vico-latiti, Sisco, Orciatico, Montecatini VC INTERNAL, VARIABLY EVOLVED Vulsini,Vico, Sabatini, Albani, Isole Pontine, Roccamonfina undersaturated 2 trend 3 upper crustal melts Montecristo,Vercelli, M. Capanne, Porto Azzurro, Giglio, Campiglia, Gavorrano, Castel di Pietra, Monteverdi, Travale; Cerite, Manziana, Tolfa, San Vincenzo, Cimini, Amiata 4 hybrid melts Capraia, Amiata,Cimini (M. Capanne, Montecristo) EXTERNAL, PRIMITIVE Ernici, San Venanzo, Cupaello, Polino 3 NORTHERN APENNINIC COMPRESSIONAL-EXTENSIONAL SYSTEM Tuscan Magmatic Province 1 primitive melts saturated trend north-western Roman Magmatic Province shoshonites, ultra-K shoshonites, ultra-K olivine latites, lamproites INTERNAL,VARIABLY EVOLVED 2 undersaturated trend 3 upper crustal melts granite, rhyolite, trachydacite 4 hybrid melts high-K andesite-rhyolite, latite, ultra-K latite (granite) KS-series: trachybasalt to trachyte HKS-series: leucitite-tephrite to phonolite EXTERNAL, PRIMITIVE kamafugites: leucitite, melilitite 4 NORTH-WESTERN ROMAN MAGMATIC PROVINCE Acocella et al. (2012) • Vulsini,Vico, Sabatini, Albani ~0.6 Ma - ~ 0.1 Ma (Albani 0.02 Ma) • high % of evolved products • calderas • shallow magma chambers • high % ignimbrites • flat morphology • Ernici • San Venanzo, Cupaello, Polino • monogenetic centres • primitive rocks • Roccamonfina • IsolePontine • Peccerillo (2005) 5 NW ROMAN PROVINCE - ROCK TYPES AND AGES Serri et al. (2001) 6 NW ROMAN PROVINCE - LARGE VOLCANIC CENTERS 7 VULSINI VOLCANIC COMPLEX -THE CALDERA 8 VULSINI VOLCANIC COMPLEX -THE CALDERA • erupted magma volumes vs subsidence Latera 9 PETROGRAPHY 10 • PETROGRAPHY CPX Barton et al. (1982) 11 VULSINI VOLCANIC COMPLEX - COMPOSITION 12 NORTHERN APENNINIC COMPRESSIONAL-EXTENSIONAL SYSTEM Tuscan Magmatic Province 1 primitive melts saturated trend north-western Roman Magmatic Province shoshonites, ultra-K shoshonites, ultra-K olivine latites, lamproites INTERNAL,VARIABLY EVOLVED 2 undersaturated trend 3 upper crustal melts granite, rhyolite, trachydacite 4 hybrid melts high-K andesite-rhyolite, latite, ultra-K latite (granite) KS-series: trachybasalt to trachyte HKS-series: leucitite-tephrite to phonolite EXTERNAL, PRIMITIVE kamafugites: leucitite, melilitite 13 GEOCHEMISTRY TMP-RMP ultrapotassic rocks KS • HKS • Kamafugite • Tuscan Magmatic Province K2O> 3wt% K2O/Na2O>2 MgO>3 wt% Roman Magmatic Province (north-western) silica-undersaturated silica-saturated Serri et al. (1993) 14 CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION Avanzinelli et al. (2009) 15 TRACE ELEMENTS Conticelli - Per Min (2004) Avanzinelli et al. (2005) 16 RADIOGENIC ISOTOPES Conticelli (2004) Peccerillo (2005) 17 PETROGENESIS • mantle signatures • • crustal signatures • • 50-60% from primitive to evolved rocks (trachytesphonolites) magma mixing • • high K2O & lithophile elements, high radiogenic Sr fractional crystallization • • high MgO, Ni, Cr contents, strong silica undersaturation mostly between rock of the same association crustal contamination • 60% contamination required extreme crystallization = extreme depletion in compatible elements (not observed in primitive ultraK rocks) • high incompatible elements in ultraK rocks contamination=dilution 18 ORIGIN OF CIRCUM-TYRRHENIAN MAGMATISM • within-plate vs destructive plate margin • within-plate mantle plume • crustal signature from shallow processes (crustal contamination/assimilation) • association with shoshonite and high-K calc-alkaline • high % crustal contamination • high Mg#, Ni, Cr rocks? • thermal balance? • crustal contamination of lamproite-kamafugite DILUTES trace elements • • destructive plate margin 19 • high Th/LILE, Th/Nb seds recycled as melts • residual rutile • Serri et al. (1993) Avanzinelli et al. (2009) Avanzinelli et al. (2009) 20 ORIGIN OF CIRCUM-TYRRHENIAN MAGMATISM • within-plate vs destructive plate margin • within-plate • destructive plate margin sub-continental lithospheric mantle • metasomatism, sediment recycling • high LILE/HFSE, Pb peak • fluids vs. melts • • fluid: metasomatic supercritical liquid with low solute/water ratio • • allanite, monazite (REE, Th, U) and rutile (T, Nb) stable in the residuum: metasomatic agent enriched in Cs, Ba, Rb, K, Pb, Sr, high U/Th) melt: metasomatic supercritical liquid with high solute/water ratio • destabilization of allanite, monazite and rutile: Th and REE released to the melt 21 NORTHERN APENNINIC COMPRESSIONAL-EXTENSIONAL SYSTEM Tuscan Magmatic Province 1 primitive melts saturated trend north-western Roman Magmatic Province low-P partial melting of: strongly to moderately depleted harzburgite (MBL) with phlogopite + partial melting of UC in the mantle (granitoids, terrigenous sediments, felsic granulites) high-P (?) partial melting of: MORB-OIB lherzolite/wehrlite (asthenosphere) with phlogopite + carbonatite melt (subducted marine carbonates) + subducted terrigenous seds 2 undersaturated trend 3 upper crustal melts at least three different crustal end-members 4 hybrid melts mixing of multiple crustal end-members with multiple mantle end-members 22 MANTLE METASOMATISM 1.Contamination by metapelites of mantle wedge above the east-dipping Alpine subduction zone. 2.Oligocene to Quaternary back-arc opening, formation of TMP magmas and mantle contamination by westdipping subduction of the Adriatic plate beneath central Italy. The new contamination superimposed over older Stage-1 modification, generating extensive anomalies in the mantle. 3.Increase in the upper mantle temperatures possibly after slab break-off and generation of Roman magmas. Peccerillo (2005) PETROGRAFIA REGIONALE APENNINE CYCLE POSTCOLLISIONAL STAGE SOUTHERN APENNINE-CALABRIA BACK-ARC SYSTEM 24 23 SOUTHERN APENNINIC / CALABRIAN ARC-BACKARC SYSTEM Central Campania Province • Aeolian Arc • Southern Tyrrhenian Basin • Sardinia • Peccerillo (2005) 25 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE Somma-Vesuvius • Phlegrean Fields • Ischia-Procida • Pontine • Peccerillo (2005) 26 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE Peccerillo (2005) 27 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE Peccerillo (2005) • Somma-Vesuvius • 370 ka - 1944 AD 28 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROV. • Phlegrean Fields dominant evolved products • shallow magma reservoir • Peccerillo (2005) 29 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE • Ischia • • 150 ka- 1302 SAD Procida • 60-20 ka Peccerillo (2005) dominant evolved products • latite-trachyte • shallow magma reservoir • 30 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE Paoletti et al. (2013) 31 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE • Ischia Paoletti et al. (2013) 32 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE • Pontine Islands Peccerillo (2005) 33 CENTRAL CAMPANIA PROVINCE Peccerillo (2003) Peccerillo (2003) 34 SOUTHERN APENNINIC / CALABRIAN ARC-BACKARC SYSTEM Central Campania Province mantle Aeolian volcanic arc Southern Tyrrhenian Basin Sardinia OIB added component(s) subducted seds 35 AEOLIAN ARC • emersion: 200-100 ka • Lipari: last eruption 580 A.D. • Stromboli & Vulcano: active Stromboli Peccerillo (2005) Lipari Vulcano 36 AEOLIAN ARC • CA + HK-CA + SHO associations • reversed K-h relation • h=200-300 km Francalanci et al. (2004) 37 AEOLIAN ARC • W-E Sr i.r. increase • fractional crystallization • crustal contamination • magma mixing Francalanci et al. (2004) • metasomatised mantle wedge • Stromboli + Panarea: different mantle & different crustal material added to the mantle 38 SOUTHERN APENNINIC / CALABRIAN ARC-BACKARC SYSTEM mantle Central Campania Province Aeolian volcanic arc OIB transitional MORB - OIB Southern Tyrrhenian Basin Sardinia dehydration of subducted oceanic crust added component(s) subducted seds subducted seds (only Stromboli) 39 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN Guillaume et al. (2010) • Marsili • • Ventura et al. (2013) 2.0-1.8 Ma Vavilov • 4.3-2.6 Ma 40 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN Trua et al. (2004) • Marsili • • 2.0-1.8 Ma Vavilov • 4.3-2.6 Ma Ventura et al. (2013) 41 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN Trua et al. (2004) 42 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN Trua et al. (2004) 43 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN Trua et al. (2004) 44 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN • Ustica • OIB Peccerillo (2005) Peccerillo (2003) 45 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN • Ustica • OIB DM -GL EMS -GLO EMS: enriched mantle source (Etna-like) DM: depleted mantle OSS SS m mixi ng ixing GLOSS: global subducting sediments EM: enriched mantle Trua et al. (2004) 46 SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN BASIN Trua et al. (2004) Trua et al. (2011) OIB-like, African sub-slab mantle flow Trua et al. (2011) 47 SOUTHERN APENNINIC / CALABRIAN ARC-BACKARC SYSTEM mantle Central Campania Province Aeolian volcanic arc OIB transitional MORB - OIB dehydration of subducted oceanic crust added component(s) subducted seds Southern Tyrrhenian Basin Sardinia MORB (IAB) OIB subductionrelated component subducted seds (only Stromboli) 48 SARDINIA Peccerillo (2005) Lustrino et al. (2009) 49 SARDINIA Lustrino et al. (2009) 50 SARDINIA Peccerillo (2005) Lustrino et al. (2009) Lustrino et al. (2009) 51 SARDINIA • peculiar radiogenic istopes Peccerillo (2005) Lustrino et al. (2009) 52 SARDINIA alkaline and tholeiitic: similar trace elements • single mantle source • different melting degree • alkaline: 4-6% • tholeiitic: 10-15% • • peculiar trace elements and radiogenic isotope signatures lithospheric source • Hercynian subduction-modified • still not homogenized • • modifications during Oligo-Miocene? 53 Cifelli et al. (2007) 54 SOUTHERN APENNINIC / CALABRIAN ARC-BACKARC SYSTEM mantle Central Campania Province Aeolian volcanic arc OIB transitional MORB - OIB dehydration od subducted oceanic crust added component(s) subducted seds Southern Tyrrhenian Basin MORB (IAB) OIB subductionrelated component Sardinia lithosphere old (hercynian?) metasomatic enrichment subducted seds (only Stromboli) 55 PETROGRAFIA REGIONALE APENNINE CYCLE POSTCOLLISIONAL STAGE APULIA-AFRICA FORELAND 56 APULIA-AFRICA FORELAND • APULIA foreland • • Mt Vulture AFRICA foreland Mt Etna • Hyblean Mts • Sicily Channel • Avanzinelli et al. (2009) 57 MT VULTURE on the leading edge of the Southern Apennines accretionary prism • 750 to 140 ka: caldera, central activity, maars • foidites (nephelinites, haüynites, leucitites) and melilitites (+ minor basanites,tephrites) • phonolitic tephrites, tephritic phonolites, phonolites and trachytes • carbonatite (tuff + intrusive ejecta) • DOWN UP D’Orazio et al. (2007) 58 MT VULTURE alvikite = extrusive calciocarbonatite sövite = intrusive calciocarbonatite D’Orazio et al. (2007) very high Sr, Ba, U, LREE, Nb, P, F, Th • high Nb/Ta and LREE/HREE • low Ti, Zr, K, Rb, Na,Cs • attenuated Nb-Ta negative anomaly • 59 MT VULTURE • O–C isotope compositions close to Primary Igneous Carbonatite field (PIC): mantle origin D’Orazio et al. (2007) • Sr–Nd–Pb–B isotopes: close genetic relationship between alvikites and melilitites/nephelinites • melilitites/nephelinites: geochemically distinct from foidites-phonolites 60 MT VULTURE • enrichment in silicate • enrichment factor in agreement with partition coefficients for carbonatite/ silicate liquid unmixing enrichment in carbonatite carbonatite/silicate liquid unmixing decouples Nb/Ta, Zr/Nb, LREE/HREE 61 MT VULTURE alvikite melt unmixing D’Orazio et al. (2007) nephelinitic/melilititic magma Adria slab carbonates melting hybrid mantle subduction mantle wedge eastward flow Adria mantle 62 AFRICAN FORELAND Hyblean Plateau • Mt Etna • Sicily Channel • Peccerillo (2005) 63 Catalano et al. (2008) 64 Catalano et al. (2008) PRESENT MID-PLEISTOCENE Catalano et al. (2008) 65 HYBLEAN PLATEAU Triassic-Cretaceous and late Miocene-Quaternary (7 - 1.5 Ma) • tholeiitic, alkaline, strongly alkaline associations • Rocchi et al. (1998) 66 HYBLEAN PLATEAU Rocchi et al. (1998) Trua et al. (1998) Peccerillo (2005) 67 W Trua et al. (1998) Rocchi et al. (1998) • mantle plume? 68 ETNA 0.5 Ma present • tholeiitic • alkaline • Peccerillo (2005) 69 ETNA Armienti et al. (2004) 0.5 Ma present • tholeiitic • alkaline • Armienti et al. (2004) 70 ETNA depleted mantle slab fluids Armienti et al. (2004) 71 ETNA • Armienti et al. (2004) vertical slab-window Doglioni et al. (2001) 72 • Linosa • • Peccerillo (2005) SICILY CHANNEL alkaline basalts Pantelleria mildly alkaline basalts • peralkaline rhyolites (pantellerites) • • Adventure Plateau, Graham Bank, Nameless Bank Catalano et al. (2008) 73 SICILY CHANNEL Catalano et al. (2009) • Pantelleria mildly alkaline basalts • peralkaline rhyolites (pantellerites) • Peccerillo (2005) Catalano et al. (2009) 74 SICILY CHANNEL Pantelleria Peccerillo (2005) Pantelleria Civetta et al. (1998) 75 Civetta et al. (1998) Civetta et al. (1998) Di Bella et al. (2008) Pantelleria (mafic + felsic) Linosa (mafic) 76 MAGMATISMO APPENNINICO Scrocca et al. (2003) Peccerillo (2003) Avanzinelli et al. (2009) 77 AFRICAN FORELAND, PELAGIAN BLOCK, ETNA Mt Vulture mantle wedge + Adria Hyblean Plateau Sicily Channel Etna OIB MORB melts + lithospheric Na-alkaline enriched MORB + OIB carbonate added component(s) 78
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