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Anticipo della fioritura 6HYHULWjPDUFLXPHGHOODVSLJD 6HYHULWjDWWDFFR GLSLUDOLGH \ [ 5ð \ [ 5ð 'DWDGLILRULWXUDJLRUQLGDOODVHPLQD 'DWDGLILRULWXUDJLRUQLGDOODVHPLQD Fatto100ilvaloredelprogrammalowimput Scelta varietale &ODVVHGLSUHFRFLWj IXPRQLVLQH ]HDUDOHQRQH D QV DE QV QV D DE QV QV E QV E IXPRQLVLQH ]HDUDOHQRQH ,QGLFH ,QGLFH 7LSRGLHQGRVSHUPD IDULQRVR VHPLFRPSDWWR FRPSDWWR QRUPDOH ZD[\ 7LSRORJLDGLDPLGR )XPRQLVLQDSSE D Blandino e Reyneri, 2007; 2008 D E E Riduzione degli stress (IIHWWRGHOODFRQFLPD]LRQH1VXIXPRQLVLQH )XPRQLVLQD% % ȝJNJ .J1KD Blandinoet al.,2008.Crop protection.Modificato Riduzione degli stress Ruolo delle malerbe sulla contaminazione da fumonisine Contaminazioneda Fumonisine(ppb) Limite Reg.1126/07 Amatoet al.,2012.TerraeVita Riduzione degli stress Ruolo delle malerbe sulla contaminazione da FUM BlandinoeReyneri,2006.L’Informatorefitopatologico Riduzione degli stress Ruolo delle malerbe sulla contaminazione da DON (vomitotossina) BlandinoeReyneri,2006.L’Informatorefitopatologico Densità colturale Prove agronomiche 250 6.0Ͳ6.5pt/m2 7.8Ͳ8.2pt/m2 Valoreindice 200 Investimento alla semina 150 100 50 0 FUB1 ZEN DON OTA %ODQGLQRHWDO)LHOG&URS 5HVHDUFK &DUPDJQROD Densità colturale narrow interrow 75cm 45cm 75cm 75cm twinrow 50cm 45cm 20cm Densità colturale 75cm(7.5pt/m2) VS 45cm(10pt/m2) Carmagnola– nontrattatoinsetticida Piralide: via infezione chiave LQIH]LRQH )YHUWLFLOOLRLGHV PDUFLXPHGHOODVSLJD LQFLGHQ]D VHYHULWj )XPRQLVLQH %% 7HVL µJNJ LQIHVWD]LRQHQDWXUDOH SURWH]LRQH )XPRQLVLQHJNJ )XP% )XP% $ 0 % $ 0 % $ 0 % $ 0 % SLUDOLGHLQIHVWD] QDWXUDOHSURWH]LRQHLQIHVWD] QDWXUDOHSURWH]LRQH Blandinoet al.,2012.Inform.Agrario PDWXUD]LRQHFHURVD PDWXUD]LRQHFRPPHUFLDOH Piralide: momento trattamento .DUDWH=HRQ /DPEDFLDORWULQD 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1XPEHURIDGXOWVFDSWXUHG 'DWH Fioritura %ODQGLQRHWDO)RRG $GG&RQW 9LJRQHDQG1RYDUD Piralide: momento trattamento (&%LQFLGHQFH (&%LQFLGHQFH )XVHDUURWLQFLGHQFH )XVHDUURWLQFLGHQFH *''V *''V **' *''V 17777 %ODQGLQRHWDO 9LJRQHDQG1RYDUD )XPRQLVLQ%%ȝJNJ Piralide: momento trattamento 7FRQWUROQRWWUHDWHG 7WHVWLPRQH QRQWUDWWDWR 7WHVWLPRQH QRQWUDWWDWR 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 )% )% %ODQGLQRHWDO)RRG $GG&RQWDP )81*,&,'$ 0LONVWDJH )ORZHULQJ )XQJLFLGH 7 7 7 'RXJKVWDJH 7 GLQWHUYDO ,QVHFWLFLGH 7 3K\VLRORJLFDO PDWXULW\ 7 7 ,16(77,&,'$ 3DUDPHWHUV 8QWUHDWHG FRQWURO 3LUHWURLG DSSOLFDWLRQ 9DULDWLRQ (&%LQFLGHQFH (&%VHYHULW\ ($5VHYHULW\ F. verticillioides LQIHFWLRQ F. proliferatum LQIHFWLRQ )80% %JNJ 021JNJ )VH]GLVFRORU LQIHFWLRQ '21JNJ $YHUDJHGDWDRI\HDUVDQGIXQJLFLGHWLPLQJV 7,0,1*)81*,&,'$ 7HVWLPRQH 17 D $YHUDJHGDWDRI\HDUVDQGLQVHFWLFLGHWUHDWPHQWXQWUHDWHGDQGDSSOLFDWLRQDWWKH(&%IOLJKWSHDN 1RVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH$129$IRUIXQJLFLGHDQGWKHLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKLQVHFWLFLGHRU\HDU Diabrotica e micotossine 20confrontiperanno, campiaziendalimonitoratiinPiemontedal2009al2011 HOHYDWRGDQQRUDGLFDOH WHVWLPRQH )XPRQLVLQH% % JNJ )XPRQLVLQHJNJ WUDWWLQVHWWLFLGD QRQWUDWWDWR CampiaziendalimonitoratiinPiemontenel2009 3HUGLWDSURGXWWLYDUHODWLYD Il ruolo dell’agrotecnica )XPRQLVLQH ,PSRUWDQFH (SRFD VHPLQD 6FHOWD YDULHWDOH &RQWUROOR LQVHWWL (SRFD GL UDFFROWD 'HQVLWj FROWXUDOH Ͳ 6WUHVV LQIHVWH LGULFR 5RWD]LRQH H ODYRUD]LRQL 0LHWLWUHE ELDWULFH 1IHUWLOL] 5RWD]LRQH H ODYRUD]LRQL 6FHOWD YDULHWDOH (SRFD VHPLQD 'HQVLWj FROWXUDOH 1IHUWLOL 6WUHVV LQIHVWH LGULFR &RQWUROOR LQVHWWL HSRFD GL UDFFROWD 0LHWLWUHE ELDWULFH Processo coltivazione %ODQGLQRDQG5H\QHUL Percorsi colturali e FUM )XPRQLVLQ%%ȝJNJ D 'DWDVHPLQD GHQVLWj FRQFLPD]1 WUDWWSLUDOLGH E F G %ODQGLQR HWDO)LHOG&URS5HV 3URYHFRQGRWWH LQORFDOLWj LQ1RUG,WDOLDQHO WULHQQLR 'DWL PHGL GLHVSHULPHQWL Il ruolo dell’agrotecnica '21]HDUDOHQRQH ,PSRUWDQFH (SRFD GL VHPLQD (SRFD GL UDFFROWD 'HQVLWj FROWXUDOH ,EULGR Ͳ 5RWD]LRQH H ODYRUD]LRQL 0LHWLWUHE ELDWULFH 1IHUWLOL] 5RWD]LRQH H ODYRUD]LRQL 6FHOWD YDULHWDOH (SRFD GL VHPLQD 'HQVLWj FROWXUDOH 1IHUWLOL] 6WUHVV LQIHVWH LGULFR &RQWUROOR LQVHWWL 6WUHVV LQIHVWH LGULFR &RQWUROOR LQVHWWL (SRFD GL UDFFROWD 0LHWLWUHE ELDWULFH Processo dicoltivazione %ODQGLQRDQG5H\QHUL Percorsi colturali e DON )$2 )$2 D '21JNJ E E F F G G G 6RZLQJGDWH 3ODQWGHQVLW\ 1IHUWLOL]DWLRQ (&%FRQWURO %ODQGLQR HWDO:RUOG0\FRW- )LHOGH[SHULPHQWFRQGXFWHGLQVLWHVLQ1RUWK,WDO\LQ'DWDUHSRUWHGDUHPHDQVRIH[SHULPHQWV Il ruolo dell’agrotecnica $IODWRVVLQH 5HVLGXL FROWXUDOL 8PLGLWj UDFFROWD 'LIHVD LQVHWWL &ODVVH LEULGR Ͳ 6WUHVV LGULFR (SRFD ILRULWXUD 6WUHVV QXWUL]LR QDOL 7UHEELD WXUD Processodicoltivazione Blandino andReyneri,2011 MICOTOSSINE EMERGENTI MICOTOSSINE CONSOLIDATE Deoxynivalenol Fumonisins Zearalenone Aflatoxins Ochratoxin T2 andHT2 Toxins EFSARequestforascientific opinionontherisksforpublicand animalhealthrelatedtothe presenceofemergingmycotoxins in feedandfood. EMERGINGMYCOTOXINS 2 2 2 Moniliformin Enniatins Beauvericin Fusaproliferin Fusaric Acid DeoxynivalenolͲ3ͲGlucoside Culmorin Aurofusarin Nivalenol Alternaria toxins Sterigmatocystin + MICOTOSSINE EMERGENTI Veneto Lombardia FUMtot(µgkgͲ1) Equisetin 0.2% MON Beauvericin 8% 1% Fusaricacid 3% FUS 6% Bikaverin 3% 7508 Beauvericin 1% Fusaricacid 3% 12697 Bikaverin 3% FUMtot 82% FUMtot 79% 7018 Equisetin MON FUS 0.4% 6% 5% 10018 EmiliaͲRomagna Piemonte Bikaverin MON 2% FUS Equisetin 7% 14% 1% Beauvericin 2% Fusaricacid 3% FUMtot 71% Equisetin 0.03% MON Beauvericin 10% 2% Fusaricacid 3% FUS 10% FUMtot 73% Bikaverin 2% MICOTOSSINE EMERGENTI MON(µgkgͲ1) 869 743 730 1372 7266,1((0(5*(17, ** Fusarium species Section Liseola Notprotected andGibbosum Artificialcontrol * FusariumspeciesSection DiscolorandRoseum ** * * ** P(F)=LevelofsignificantofANOVA* P<0.05, ** P < 0.01 FUMs=Fumonisins;MON=Moniliformin;FUS=Fusaproliferin;BIK=Bikaverin;FA=FusaricAcid;BEA=Beauvericin;EQU=Equisetin;AUR= Aurofusarin;DON=Deoxynivalenol;DONǦ3ǦG=DeoxynivalenolǦ3ǦGlucoside;ZEA=Zearalenone;CULM=Culmorin;BUT=Butenolide Prevenzione del rischio in campo FUSARIOSI della SPIGA Agenti: 9 9 9 9 9 9 Microdochiumnivale F.avenaceum F.poae F.roseum F.graminearum (SudEuropa) F.culmorum (NordEuropa) IlciclodiF.graminearum Andamenticlimaticipiovosi e/ocaldoͲ umidi traspigaturaematurazionelattea Disseccamentiparzialiototalispiga Semistriminziti,perditeproduttivefinoa 60% Dannisanitariconproduzionedi micotossine(DON) '(266,1,9$/(12/2 '21 NotaanchecomeVOMITOSSINA Diffusaneinostriambientineicereali(frumento,mais) Spessoassociataallaformeacetilate3AcͲDon, 15AcͲDonedaltritricoteceniditipoB LIMITIdiLEGGE(ppbͲ µg/kg) Frumentotenero,mais1250 Frumentoduro1750 Farinadicereali,crusca,germeper utilizzoalimentare750 Pasta750 Pane500 Alimentiperl’infanzia200 (Reg.CE1881/2006) $QQDWD &DPSLRQL SRVLWLYL &DPSLRQL FULWLFL AnalisiHPLC– 2872campioniprelevatiinPiemonte 6&(/7$9$5,(7$/( Resistenza: Precocità Taglia Infezionefungo Sviluppofungo Contaminazionemicotossine 0D\HUOH HWDO 6&(/7$9$5,(7$/( &21&,$)81*,&,'$ Moretti, 2008, L’Inf. Agrario. &21&,$)81*,&,'$ WHVWLPRQHQRQFRQFLDWR FRQFLDIXQJLFLGD '21JNJ 6SHFLH )XQJLFLGDLQILRULWXUD ,QIH]LRQHDOVHPH 'XUR 'XUR 'XUR 'XUR 7HQHUR 7HQHUR 7HQHUR 7HQHUR 12 12 6, 6, 12 12 6, 6, 6, 12 6, 12 6, 12 6, 12 Blandino et al. 2011, Inf. fitopatol. 5(6,'8,&2/785$/, /DYRUD]LRQH 5HVLGXL FROWXUDOL WVV KD 6HYHULWj )+% '21 JNJ $UDWR E E 0/ D D 6RGR D D 'DWL PHGL ORFDOLWj 5(6,'8,&2/785$/, D F E E 5HVLGXLWKD '21ȝJNJ Micocer 2006Ͳ08 'DWL PHGL GLORFDOLWj ,PROD H5LYDHDQQL Blandino et al. 2010, Cereal Research Comm. '21 5HVLGXLFROWXUDOL 5 5 5 5 Reyneri etal.2010,L’inf.Agrario 5(6,'8,H75,&+2'(50$ )XVDULDORJXIFJ 6RGR 0/ $UDWR 6RGR 0/ $UDWR 3UHVHPLQD SUHLQYHUQRSUHILRULWXUD '21JNJ REMEDIER® - ,6$*52 NJKD D]LRQH DQWDJRQLVWLFD SHU SUHYHQ]LRQH PDODWWLH IXQJLQH GHO WHUUHQR 6DQ$QJHOR/RG D D D D E E $UDWR 0/ 6RGR '21JNJ 5HVLGXL DOVXROR ELRFRPSOGLUHWWD QRGLIHVD ORWWDGLUHWWD ELRFRPSOGLUHWWD $UDWR ELRFRPS 6$QJHOR/ 3(5&256,&2/785$/, ORWWDGLUHWWD ELRFRPS QRGLIHVD )81*,&,'$ ContaminazionedaDON Ͳ40% '21ȝJNJ Ͳ35% 17 AnalisiLCͲMS;mediadi4ripetizioniͲ RivapressoChieri,2008 )81*,&,'$ 8QLWj1WHVWHU 17 7 7 6SLJDWXUD 0DWODWWHD 0DWFHURVD 6WDGLRIHQRORJLFR )LQHPDW FHURVD 17 WHVWLPRQHQRQWUDWWDWR 7 PLVFHODDGDPSLRVSHWWUR VDSURFKORUD] HSRVVLFRQD]ROR 7 IXVDULFLGD VSHFLILFRVDPHWFRQD]ROR Blandino et al, 2011, Italian Journal of Agronomy )81*,&,'$ '21ȝJNJ 3URGX]LRQHJUDQHOODWKD 17 7 7 17 7 7 17 7 7 17 7 7 SHUFRUVRDWWHQWRSHUFRUVRULVFKLRVR SHUFRUVRDWWHQWRSHUFRUVRULVFKLRVR 17 WHVWLPRQHQRQWUDWWDWR 7 PLVFHODDGDPSLRVSHWWUR VDSURFKORUD] HSRVVLFRQD]ROR 7 IXVDULFLGD VSHFLILFRVDPHWFRQD]ROR Blandino et al, 2011, Italian Journal of Agronomy AGROTECNICA e DON importanza *HVWLRQH UHVLGXL 6FHOWD YDULHWj 5RWD]LRQL 'LIHVD Ͳ &RQFLD &RQFLPD ]LRQH (SRFD GL UDFFROWD 7UHEELD WXUD (SRFD GL UDFFROWD 7UHEELD WXUD 'LVHUER 5RWD]LRQL *HVWLRQH UHVLGXL 6FHOWD YDULHWj &RQFLD FRQFLPD ]LRQH Processodicoltivazione 'LVHUER 'LIHVD AGROTECNICA e DON Campagnaetal.,2005.IA PERCORSI: DON '21ȝJNJ '21ȝJNJ Datimedidi4località $$ % % $ *HVWLRQHUHVLGXL & % % $5 5, 9DULHWj 7UDWWIXQJLFLGD Risultati progetto MICOCER % 05 ' & & &2 &( & $7 $*527(&1,&$H'21 6LWH ,0 5& 6/ 6RXUFHRI YDULDWLRQ 7LOODJH$ 9DULHW\% )XQJLFLGH& $;% $;& %;& $;%;& 7LOODJH$ 9DULHW\% )XQJLFLGH& $;% $;& %;& $;%;& 7LOODJH$ 9DULHW\% )XQJLFLGH& $;% $;& %;& $;%;& 0LFRFHU Risultato ANOVAsul contenuto inDON Interazione significativa tra pratiche difesa indiretta ediretta ,QWHUD]LRQH IDWWRUL ,QWHUD]LRQH IDWWRUL Dati riportati sono valori disignificatività (P)conANOVAeschemasperimentale splitplot Blandino etal.2012,FieldCropResearch DIFESAFUSARIOSI Difesa integrata ScenarioswithIncreasingcontrolofDONcontet Effetto sinergico 100 directsowing,Svariety,nofungicide 51 directsowing,Svariety,triazoleapplication 39 directsowing,MRvariety,nofungicide 32 ploughing,Svariety,nofungicide 20 directsowing,MRvariety,triazole application 18 17 ploughing,Svariety,triazoleapplication 13 13 ploughing,MRvariety,nofungicide 9 6 ploughing,MRvariety,triazoleapplication 3 0 Simulationbasedonadditiveeffectoffactors Dataobserved 20 40 60 80 DONcontent(%) 100 7266,1(7H+7 )UXPHQWRGXURFY6DQ&DUOR ,QRFXORF. sporotrichioides H F. langsethiae FRQLGL PO SSE7+7 5DFFGHOPDU]R AGROTECNICA:qualiprospettive ,OSUREOHPDGHOOHPLFRWRVVLQH QRQSXzHVVHUHGHILQLWR VHPSOLFHPHQWHRFFDVLRQDOHPDqVWUXWWXUDOH 2FFRUUHFRUUHJJHUHLQPRGRQHWWRLOSURFHVVRSURGXWWLYRÆ FRVWUXLUH ILOLHUHLQWHJUDWHVDQLWj HTXDOLWjWHFQRORJLFD /¶DJURWHFQLFDLQGLUL]]DWDSHUOHILOLHUH ,QWURGX]LRQHGLGLVFLSOLQDUL PHQROLEHUWjRDQDUFKLD 3LDWWHQ]LRQHDOODGLIHVD &RQFHQWUD]LRQH GHOO¶RIIHUWD )RUWHDWWHQ]LRQHSHUXQ$OWR9DORUHG¶8VR $IIURQWDUH OH SUREOHPDWLFKH DJURQRPLFKH GD XQ DSSURFFLR RULHQWDWR DOOD VROX]LRQH GHO VLQJROR SUREOHPD 6LQJOH 3UREOHP 6ROYLQJ DG XQ DSSURFFLR FROWXUDOH GL VLVWHPD ,QWHJUDWHG &URS 6\VWHP Grazie per l’attenzione massimo.blandino@unito.it
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