Singapore to open world`s biggest CNG station

Volume IV Number 27 May 2009
Singapore to open world’s
biggest CNG station
Heavy-Duty
NG HDVs made in
Asian OEMs
Business Alerts
New countries to
adopt NGVs
2
May 2009
Summary
04
Asian NGV Communications is a publication
of NGV Communications Group, publishing
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PERU
Av. Brasil 3222 oficina 403 - A
Magdalena del Mar - RUC: 20513085576
CP: Lima 17- peru@prensavehicular.co
Oil price increased, confidence in
NGV business is yet to grow
Oil and Gas.The price difference
between gasoline/diesel and CNG is
expected to increase soon. In early
April, US crude oil benchmark price ...
16
Procurement of a major CNG station
and additional taxi fleet for Singapore
The previously reported biggest CNG
station to be built in Old Toh Tuck Road
off Bukit Timah in Singapore, is now
planned to be the world’s largest ...
20
Experiences from Heavy-Duty
NGV fleets
Experience from a well-known dual-fuel
LNG/CNG HD trucks operator for
long–distance haulage showed that the
only extra maintenance costs in ...
20
Pune’s CNG pipeline to start in
July
29
From other region: Business
Alert from Tanzania
22
Fuel demand and sales of CNG
kits in Pakistan
30
Australian fuel tax adjustments
24
Bangladesh to procure thousands
of CNG kits and cylinders
32
Heavy-Duty NGVs made in Asia
26
Business Alert from Macau,
Syria, and Vietnam
34
Busines Centre
LNG as alternative fuel
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4
May 2009
Oil price increased, confidence in NGV
business is yet to grow
Oil and Gas
The price difference between gasoline/diesel
and CNG is expected to increase soon. In
early April, US crude oil benchmark price on
the New York Mercantile Exchange for the
May contract increased to 52.64 USD/blue
barrel (bbl) and to 54.52 USD/bbl for the
June contract. The recent prices were higher
than the acceptable 2009 level expected by
the OPEC at 50 USD/bbl. These happened
after the countries of the G20 summit-- of
the world's largest economies plus
representatives from the European Union-decided to offer 1 trillion USD fund via the
International Monetary Fund and other
institutions to ease the global economic
crisis. However, lower oil stock level and a
flat time structure is needed to ensure a
sustained oil price recovery above 55
USD/bbl, said Olivier Jakob from Petromatrix
in Switzerland.
In the gas sector, Dubai Multi Commodities
Centre (DMCC) has announced its plan to
develop the emirate into a trading hub for
LNG and to build a storage centre. As
presently high volume LNG trading from the
Gulf –Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Oman—to Asia
is not covered by any trading centre, Dubai
decided to offer its service. Actually, Dubai
obtains the gas from Qatar, the world’s
biggest supplier of LNG. The imports are due
to start in the next two years. The three
supplying countries are prepared to more
than double their annual exports to 77 million
tonnes by the end of 2010. John Roper, the
vice president of German-based E.ON
Ruhrgas, said that LNG is now the vehicle
driving growth in international gas trading.
With the opening of the future LNG trading
hub in Dubai, NGV industry in the emirate
could benefit from it and might grow more
rapidly.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation
(BRTC) aims to enhance its state-run
transport service and plans to obtain 400
CNG buses. The Nordic Development Fund
and the Economic Development Cooperation
Fund will offer funding and credit for the
procurement of those buses.
India
NGVs’ owners in Gurgaon city are happy to
discover that more CNG refueling stations
with direct gas supply from the pipelines with
high gas pressure and quick filling system
are opened in Sectors 53 and 29. Buses and
large commercial vehicles can also refuel in
these stations. Since the opening, gas sales
doubled to 6,000 kg within the first five days.
Additionally, CNG price was trimmed down
by Rs 3.50/kg to Rs 24/kg by the Haryana
Gas Distribution Company Ltd (HGDCL).
The price cut was made possible as gas
transport cost—which was previously done
via mobile cascade and now by pipelines—
was decreased. M S Khatkar, senior vicepresident of HGDCL, said that the firm
expects further price reduction if the state
government exempts CNG from sales tax.
Eight more plots have been allocated for the
installation of more CNG stations in the city.
According to Gurgaon Master Plan 2021, 25
stations will be available to serve NGVs in
the area.
across the 50,000km route in Delhi and
Faridabad. The initial trials to run commercial
vehicles on 5%-30% Hydrogen-CNG mix
have been done on vehicles made by Ashok
Leyland, Mahindra and Bajaj.
From April next year, all buses in India will
have to meet Bharat Stage III and IV
emission norms. To meet the future demand,
Bosch, a European company, introduced
Common Rail injection system for high-end
vehicles and advanced CNG technology
solutions for the Special Vehicle industry—for
commercial vehicles, which can also be
applied to vehicles in India. The CNG
injection system is precise and
micro-processor controlled.
Pakistan
Meanwhile Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL)
will invest Rs 10 billion to establish 2,000
CNG stations to create CNG Quadrilateral in
major national highways across the country.
About 14 million standard cubic metre NG
per day (mmscmd) would be available
through these stations, more than three
times the current 3.7 mmscmd gas supplied
by the 400 CNG stations in India. Further,
the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory
Board (PNGRB) informed that the number of
Indian cities that have CNG refueling facilities
will increase from the current 30 to 250 by
2018. By 2011, 84 cities would have city
natural gas operators, in which 64 cities
would have CNG refueling stations while the
rest would be under construction. During the
past year, NGV population was reported to
increase from almost 200,000 to 650,000
although some industry stakeholders believe
that the number is close to 750,000 units
(including those vehicles yet to be
registered).
In the vehicle sector, General Motors India
(GMI) planned to launch CNG and LPG
variants of its existing models apart from the
Chevrolet Optra CNG introduced in 2006.
Mahindra-Renault recently introduced CNG
version of its leading model -Logan- in the
domestic market. The car is equipped with
1.6 litre engine and 12 kg CNG cylinder with
maximum power 84.5 Bhp at 5500 rpm and
maximum torque 128 Nm at 3100 rpm.
Meanwhile the Society of Indian Automobile
Manufacturers Association (SIAM) was
scheduled to conduct a pilot “test” project of
HCNG vehicles this May. During the trial test,
the H2-CNG fuel mix will be used to power
commercial vehicles of Tata Motors,
Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj, and Eicher
Although the transfer of CNG bus fund to
operator of the proposed 500 buses (Karachi
Mass Transit Cell) is included in the next
budget, the Rs 500 millions project is likely
to come to a stop if the ministry delays the
payment till June 2009, as reported by
Pakistan News Watch. The fund, however,
has been transferred into the accounts of
ministry of
environment although the release of the fund
to the KMTC was delayed.
The Philippines
The government is increasing its promotion
of investments in renewable energy to lower
oil import dependency.
Since February 2009, the mandatory 5%
ethanol blends for vehicles are available in
273 gasoline stations nationwide. Meanwhile
165 LPG refueling stations serve 13,886
converted vehicles powered by LPG. So far,
19 CNG buses have operated in Batangas,
Laguna to Manila routes, facilitated by a
CNG mother station in Tabangao, Batangas
and a daughter station in Binan, Laguna
since April 2008.
Thailand
Air Vice Marshal Vittaya Kaewwattana, the
Royal Thai Air Force, has purchased 6 Higer
CNG City Buses from Italthai Industrial
Co.,Ltd., this first semester of 2009.
On the other hand, Thales (Thailand),
supplier of electric ticketing for mass
transportation systems, is interested in
providing its contactless smart-card
technology to 4,000 CNG buses in Bangkok.
The card technology was designed to
connect the existing electric train system to
other possible lines provided by various
railway suppliers or to other modes such as
city buses.
6
May 2009
油价上涨，天然气汽车市场信心或将提振
油与气
不久，汽油/柴油与天然气之间的价格差就将增大。在四月初期，美国纽约商品交易所的原油5月份合同的基准价格增至52.64
美元/桶，而6月份的合同价格为54.52美元/桶。近来的原油价格已经超过了欧佩克组织预测的2009年可接受的水平。这些恰
恰发生在20国峰会——世界最大经济体以及欧盟成员代表国—— 决定通过世界货币基金等机构拨付1万亿美元，
用于缓解世界经济危机。然而，瑞士Petromatrix公司的Olivier Jakob说，若要保证原油价格持续保持在55美元/桶以上，
还需要较低的原油库存和一段过渡时期。
再看看天然气的情况。迪拜商品中心最近宣布了一个计划，要将阿拉伯联合酋长国发展成为液化天然气的交易中心并建立一
个储备中心。由于目前海湾国家——卡塔尔，阿布扎比和阿曼——与亚洲其他国家的液化天然气交易量很大，
迪拜才决定发展此项服务。实际上，迪拜是从卡塔尔获得天然气，而后者是世界上最大的液化天然气供应国。两年之后，迪
拜就开始进口液化天然气。到2010年末，这三个液化天然气的出口国计划每年出口7,700万吨液化天然气，是现在的两倍多。
总部在德国的E.ON Ruhrgas的副总裁John Roper说，液化天然气是驱动当今天然气国际贸易增长的主要因素。
随着迪拜液化天然气贸易中心的成立，阿联酋的天然气汽车产业会受益其中并快速发展。
孟加拉
孟加拉道路运输公司计划增加国营运输服务，打算引进400辆压缩天然气汽车。北欧发展基金和经济发展合作基金将提供资金
和贷款以补贴这些车辆的购买。
印度
印度Gurgaon城的天然气汽车车主将高兴地发现该城的53区和29区建设了更多的配有快冲系统且天然气直接来自管道的加气站。
公交车和大型商用车也可以从这些站加气。自从开始营业后，燃气的销量在前5天增长了一倍，达6,000公斤。Haryana燃气销
售公司把天然气的价格从每公斤27.5卢比降为24卢比。由于从以前的使用移动设备运输天然气改为使用管道运输，天然气的
运输成本得以减少。Haryana燃气销售公司的高级副总裁Khatkar说，公司预期如果州政府免除CNG的销售税，天然气的价格将
还会降低。该市还将在8个场所建设更多的加气站。Gurgaon市2021年的发展规划显示，届时25座加气站将建成运营。
在此期间，GAIL公司将投入100亿卢比用于建设2000座CNG加气站，使该国主要国道上形成CNG加气网络。这些加气站每天将供
应140万立方米天然气，是现在印度全国400座加气站供应量的3倍多。此外，石油天然气管理委员会公布，到2018年，建有加
气站的印度城市数将从现在的30个增加到250个。到2011年，全国84座城市将有天然气运营商，其中，64座城市将建成加气站
，而其他城市将开始建设加气站。据报道，在过去一年中，印度天然气汽车保有量以从25万辆增加到65万辆，然而也有一些
业内人士认为75万辆更为准确（包括还没有注册的车辆）。
对于汽车产业，通用印度公司计划除2006年导入的雪弗兰Optra压缩天然气汽车，将对其现有车型推出CNG和LPG版。Mahindra
-Renault公司最近引入了国内畅销的Logan的天然气版。
该车配有1.6升发动机和12公斤的气瓶，在每分钟5500转速下，最大功率可达84.5 Bhp，每分钟3100转下，最大扭矩可达128 Nm。
印度汽车工业协会（SIAM）还计划在5月份进行HCNG车辆的测试运行。其间，将有Tata, Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj,
以及 Eicher等印度本土汽车公司的商用车使用氢气与压缩天然气的混合燃料，穿越Delhi和Faridabad 长达50,000 公里的路线。
初步测试已经完成，使用的是从明年4月起，所有印度的客车必须满足当地第三和第四阶段排放标准。
为了满足未来的市场需求，博世公司已将用于高端车的共轨喷射技术和用于专用车的先进CNG技术引入印度，这些技术对于印
度的其他车型也适用。CNG喷射系统由微处理器控制，因此精度高。
巴基斯坦
由于对卡拉奇公交公司500辆CNG公交车的补贴已转入下一次预算，如果到今年6月补贴还没有下来的话，这个5亿卢比的项目
将被暂时搁置。尽管这笔款项的拨付已经延迟，据说已经转入环境部的帐户。
菲律宾
菲律宾政府正在加快向可再生能源领域投入更多资金以降低石油进口量。从2009年2月开始，全国273座加油站必须提供含5%乙醇
的汽油。而165座LPG站服务于13,866辆LPG车。至今，已有19座CNG公交车运行于Batangas市，以及Laguna 到Manila
的线路上，在Batangas市的Tabangao设有一座加气母站，在Laguna市的Binan设有一座子站，l两座站都是2008年4月建成运营的。
泰国
2009年第一季度，泰国皇家空军从Italthai工业有限公司购买了6辆海格牌CNG城市客车。
此外，Thales (Thailand)——公交电子车票供应商——打算向曼谷的4000 辆CNG公交车提供其智能卡技术。
此项技术制作的车票既可用于现有轨道交通，也可以兼容以后出现的各种轨道交通，还可以用于其他交通模式，如城市客车等。
8
May 2009
유가 상승, 이미 NGV 사업 성장의
확신을 의미한다.
석유와 가스
휘발유/디젤과 CNG 가격폭이 더 커질 것으로 예상된다. 4월 초, 미국 원유 기준가를 결정하는 뉴욕 상업 거래소에서는
5월의 원유 기준가를 52.64 USD/bbl, 6월 기준가를54.52 USD/bbl로 상승된 가격으로 체결하였다. 최근의 유가만 봐도
OPEC(석유 수출국 기구)에서 예상했던 2009년 허용치 수준인 50 USD/bbl 보다 높게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 배경에는
유럽 대표 연합과 세계 최대 경제 기구로 구성된G20정상 국가들이 세계적으로 몰아 닥친 경제위기를 벗어나기 위해 국제
통화기금(IMF)및 관련 단체에 1조를 신청하기로 결정하면서 발생한 것이다.
가스 분야에 있어서 DMCC(두바이 종합 상품 거래소) 는 에미레이트를LNG의 무역의 중심으로 개발한다는 계획을
발표하였다. 현재 카타르, 아부다비, 오만 - 아시아 사이에는 세계적으로 가장 많은 양의 LNG가 거래되고 있긴 하나 정식
무역 거래소를 거치지 않고 거래가 이루어지고 있어 두바이가 이러한 서비스를 제공하기로 결정한 것이다. 사실상
두바이도 가스는 세계 최대의 LNG 공급 국가인 카타르로부터 공급받아 서비스를 제공하게 될 것이다. 2년 후면 본격적인
무역이 이루어 질 것으로 보인다. LNG를 공급하게 될 3개국(카타르, 아부다비, 오만)은 이를 위해 2010년 말까지 연간
수출 물량의 2배가 넘는 77 M 톤의 LNG를 준비해 놓고 있다. 두바이가 미래 LNG 무역의 중심으로 열리게 되면
에미레이트도 그 흐름의 영향을 받아 NGV산업이 더 빠르게 성장할 것으로 기대해 본다.
방글라데시
방글라데시의 도로 교통공단(BRTC)은 국가간의 운송 서비스를 강화하고 400대의CNG버스를 늘릴 계획하고 있다. 노르딕
개발 기금과 경제 개발 협력 기금은 400대의 원활한 버스 조달을 위한 자금정책을 제공할 것이다.
인도
Gurgaon시에 살고있는 NGV 소유의 사람들은 이 도시의 53, 29 구역에 가스 파이프라인을 통해 고압력과 급속 충전이
가능한 시스템을 갖춘 CNG충전소가 생긴다는 소식을 듣고 기뻐하고 있다. 물론 버스, 대형, 상업용 트럭도 이곳에서 충전
할 수 있다. 충전소가 오픈하게 되면 첫 5일만에 되면 가스 매출량이 6,000kg로 평소의 배가 될 것이다. 게다가
HGDCL(하리아나 가스 공급 회사)는 CNG 가격을 Rs 3.50/kg to Rs 24/kg로 내렸다. 이는 예전에는 트럭을 이용해
가스를 운반했던 것과는 달리 이제는 파이프라인을 통해 직접 공급받으면서 가스 운송비가 줄어 들었기 때문이다.
HGDCL의 수석 부회장 M S Khatkar 은 만약 정부가 CNG 판매세 면제 혜택을 시행한다면 가격은 더 내려갈 것으로
기대된다고 말했다. 또한 Gurgaon시에 CNG 충전소를 증설하기 위한 8개의 계획이 추가로 배정되었다. Gurgaon주요
계획에 따르면 2021년에는 이 지역에 25개의 충전소가 운영될 것이라고 한다.
한편 GAIL(인도 가스 공사) 은 주요 국가 고속도로를 잇는 사변형 CNG 요새지 만들기 위한 2,000개의 충전소
건립에100억 루피를 투자할 계획이다. 이들 충전소를 통해 하루에 약1,400만 mmscmd의 천연가스 공급이 가능해 질
것이며 인도의 400개의 충전소에서는 현재 3.7mmscmd의 3배가 넘는 가스가 공급될 것이다. 게다가 PNGRB(석유 및
천연가스 관리 기관)은 인도의 CNG충전소 보유 도시가 현재 30개 시에서 250개 시로 증가할 것이라고 보고하였다.
2011년까지 84개의 도시들이 도시가스 공급을 받게 될 것이며 이 중64개의 도시는 충전소를 보유하고 나머지 도시들도
충전소 공사를 하게 될 것이다. 그 동안 인도의 NGV인구는 거의 200,000에서 650,000으로 증가하였다.
자동차 분야에 있어 GMI(인도GM)은 2006년에 소개되었던 CNG 쉐비 옵트라와는 별도로 기존 모델을 이용해 CNGLPG겸용 차량을 소개할 계획이다. 마힌드라-르노 자동차는 최근 인기 있는 모델 CNG 버전의 로간을 인도 국내 시장에
내놓았다. 이 차는 1,6리터 엔진에 12KG의 실린더를 장착했으며 최대 파워는 5500 rpm에서 84.5Bhp, 최대토크
3100rpm에서 128Nm을 자랑한다.
한편 SIAM(인도 자동차 제조업 협회)는 이번 5월에 HCNG (수소-CNG) 자동차의 시험 프로젝트 실행을 계획하고 있다.
시험 기간 동안 수소-CNG 혼합 연료를 사용하는Tata Motors, Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj, Eicher 등의 상업용
차량들은 델리와 파리다바드를 가로지르며 50,000km를 질주를 하게 될 것이다. 처음으로 시도되는 5%-30% 비율의
수소-CNG 혼합 연료 자동차는 Ashok Leyland, Mahindra 와 Bajaj에 의해 제작되었다.
내년 4월부터 인도의 모든 버스는 Bharat Stage III 와 V 배출 기준을 만족 시켜야 한다. 보쉬, 유럽 제품, 특수 차량을
위한 커먼 레일 인젝션 시스템 및 앞선 CNG기술 솔루션이 갖춘 배출 기준이 인도 차량에도 적용되는 것이다. CNG
인젝션 시스템은 정교하고 미세한 컴퓨터 처리장치로 제어된다.
파키스탄
내각이 KMTC(가라치 대중 교통 지부)의 500대 CNG버스에 제공하기로 했던 자금을 2009년 6월까지 지급하지 않는다면
5억 루피 프로젝트는 종결될 것으로 보이며 이와 관련된 자금을 이미 내년 예산으로 포함시켰다고 파키스탄 뉴스 와치는
전했다.
필리핀
필리핀 정부는 석유 수입 의존도를 줄이기 위한 신 재생 에너지에 대한 투자를 아끼지 않고 있다.
2009년 2월부터 필리핀은 전국 237개의 주유소에 자동차용 휘발유에 에탄올 5%를 함유시키도록 의무화 시켰다.
한편165개의 LPG충전소에서는 13,886대의 LPG개조 차량을 수용하고 있다. 지금까지 바탕가스시에서는 19대의
CNG버스가 라구나-마닐라 노선으로 운행되고 있으며 타반가오, 바탕가스, 비난, 라구나시에 있는 CNG 충전소에서 가스
공급을 받고 있다.
태국
로얄 타이 공군 학교인 Air Vice Marshal Vittaya Kaewwattana은 2009년 1학기에 Italthai Industrial Co.,Ltd 로부터 6대의
CNG 도시형 버스를 구입했다.
한편 태국의 대중 교통 전자티켓 공급업체인 탈레스는 방콕에 있는 4,000대의 CNG버스에 자동 스마트 카드공급에 대한
관심을 표명하고 있다. 현재 전기 기차 시스템에 사용되는 이 카드는
같은 기능이 연계된 다른 철도 노선이나 도시형 버스를 연결시키기 위해 디자인되었다.
10
May 2009
原油価格が上昇し、ＮＧＶビジネスの信頼
がこれから成長する
原油と天然ガス
ガソリンや軽油価格とＣＮＧ価格の差はまもなく広がると予想されている。４月初旬にニューヨーク商業取引所における米国原油基準
価格は５月契約分で１バレル５２.６４米ドル、６月契約分で５４.５２米ドルに値上がりした。最近の価格はＯＰＥＣの１バレル５０米ドルと
する許容できる２００９年レベルより高値であった。世界の主要経済国とＥＵが集まったＧ２０サミット会議が世界同時不況を克服するた
めにＩＭＦ（国際通貨基金）や他の機関に１０億米ドルの財政出動を決定した後に原油価格上昇が起きた。しかしながら、「原油価格の
低価格と安定化が１バレル５５米ドルに復帰するためには必要である。」とスイスの貿易コンサルティング会社ペトロマトリックス社のオリ
ビア・ジャコブ氏は語った。
天然ガスでは、Dubai Multi Commodities Centre（ＤＭＣＣ）がアラブ首長国連邦をＬＮＧ貿易のハブにし、ＬＮＧ貯蔵センター
を建設することを計画していると発表した。カタール、アブダビ、オマーンといった湾岸諸国からアジアへの大量のＬＮＧは現在、貿易
センターによるものではないので、ドバイは貿易センターの役割を受けることを決定した。実際、ドバイは世界最大のＬＮＧ供給国であ
るカタールからガスを受入れている。輸入は今後２年以内に開始される。ＬＮＧを輸出する３ヶ国は現在の２倍以上の７千７百万トンま
で２０１０年末に輸出する用意がある。ドイツのルアーガス社副社長のジョン・ローパー氏は、「ＬＮＧがガスの国際貿易の中で急成長を
遂げている。」と語った。ドバイに将来、ＬＮＧ貿易センターが開設されることでアラブ首長国連邦のＮＧＶ産業はそこから利益を得て、
急成長するかもしれない。
バングラディッシュ
Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation（ＢＲＴＣ）は、州間の路線拡充を目的にし、４００台のＣＮＧバスを導入することを計画している。
北欧開発基金と経済開発協力基金が資金を提供し、ＣＮＧバス導入を実施する。
インド
グルガオン市のＮＧＶユーザーは、高い圧力のパイプラインから直接ガスの供給を受け、急速充填システムを持つＣＮＧスタンドが市
内の５３セクターと２９セクターにオープンするので幸運である。バスや大型商用車もこれらのスタンドでＣＮＧを充填する。オープン以
来、最初の５日間でガス売上げは２倍の６,０００ｋｇまでになった。それに加え、ＣＮＧ価格がハリーヤーナガス（ＨＧＤＣＬ）によると３.５０
ルピー／ｋｇ下がり、２４ルピー／ｋｇになった。ＣＮＧ価格の値下げは従来のトレーラーによるボンベ輸送からパイプラインからの直接
供給によるコスト削減により可能になった。ＨＧＤＣＬのカッカー上級副社長は、「州政府がＣＮＧから売上げ税を免除するのであれば
更なる値下げが期待できる。」と語った。市内にはさらに８ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドが計画されている。グルガオン市２０２１年マスタープラ
ンによると、ＣＮＧスタンドは市内に２５ヶ所になる計画である。
一方、Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL)社は、国内の主要高速道路網にＣＮＧネットワークを構成するために２,０００ヶ所のＣＮＧ
スタンド建設のため１００億ルピーを投資する計画がある。
インドでは現在、４００ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドで３７０万立方フィートのＣＮＧを供給しているが、これが現在の3倍以上の１日あたり約１,４０
０万立方フィートのＣＮＧ供給を可能にするだろう。それ以上にPetroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB)
は、ＣＮＧスタンドがある都市が２０１８年までの現在の３０から２５０になるだろうとしている。２０１１年までに８４の都市に天然ガスが供給
され、そのうちの６４の都市がＣＮＧスタンドを持つであろう。また、残りは建設中になる。過去において、ＮＧＶ普及台数は、あるＮＧＶ
関係者が非登録台数を含めて７５万台近くであるとしているが、２０万台から６５万台に増加したと報告されている。
自動車関係では、ＧＭインド（ＧＭＩ）が２００６年に発売したシボレー・オプトラＣＮＧとは異なるモデルのＣＮＧ車とＬＰＧ車を発売する
計画であった。マヒンドラ・ルノーは国内市場向けに普及モデルのローガンのＣＮＧ車を最近発売した。１.６リットルエンジン、１２ｋｇの
ＣＮＧボンベを搭載し、最大出力８４.５馬力（５,５００ｒｐｍ）、最大トルク１２８Ｎｍ（３,１００ｒｐｍ）である。
一方、インド自動車工業会（ＳＩＡＭ）は今年の５月にＨＣＮＧのパイロットテストプロジェクトを立ち上げることを予定していた。テストでは
、デリーからフェアダバッドまでの５万ｋｍでＨ２－ＣＮＧ混合燃料がタタ、マインドラ、アショカ・レイランド、バジャそしてエイカー各社の
商用車に使用される予定である。最初のテストでは、５％－３０％のＨ２－ＣＮＧ混合燃料がアショカ・レイランド、マインドラ、バジャ製
の車両に供給される。
来年４月からインドのすべてのバスは、Bharat Stage IIIおよび IVに排ガスを適合させなければならない。
将来の需要に対して、欧州のボシュ社は高級車にコモンレールインジェクションシステム、そして商用車に最新のＣＮＧ技術を導入し
た。それらはインドのＮＧＶにも適用することはできる。ＣＮＧインジェクションシステムは正確で、コンピューター制御である。
パキスタン
５００台のバスを運行するカラチ交通局に提示されているＣＮＧバスへの転換予算が次期予算に含まれているように５億ルピーのプロ
ジェクトが、パキスタン・ニュース・ウォッチ紙が伝えているように政府が２００９年までに支払いを遅らせるならば、止まってしまう可能性
がある。しかしながら、ＫＭＣＴへの予算支払いが遅れてもその予算は環境省の予算委組み込まれた。
フィリピン
フィリピン政府は輸入原油の依存を下げるために再生可能エネルギーへの投資を奨励している。
２００９年２月から輸送用燃料に５％エタノールを配合した燃料が国内２７３ヶ所のガソリンスタンドで供給されている。一方、１６５ヶ所の
ＬＰＧスタンドで１３,８８６台のＬＰＧ車にＬＰＧを供給している。現在まで１９台のＣＮＧバスがバタンガス、ラグナからマニラへの路線で運
行されている。２００８年４月からタバンガオ、バタンガスのマザーステーション、ビナン、ラグナにドーターステーションがあり、バスにＣ
ＮＧを充填している。
タイ
ビッタヤ・カエワッタン空軍副司令官によると、タイ空軍は２００９年前期にItalthai Industrial社から６台のHigerというブランド名のＣＮＧバスを購入した。
一方、公共交通機関に電子切符システムを供給するThales社は、バンコクの４千台のＣＮＧバスに非接触式スマートカードシステムを
導入することに興味を示している。このバスカードはさまざまな鉄道会社や他のバス会社で導入されている既存の電子システムと接続
できるよう設計されている。
12
May 2009
14
May 2009
NGVA Euro
Conferencep&eS
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Hacia una
limpia y sosmteonvilidad
ible
Towards a clea
sustainable mo n and
bility
17-19
JUNIOJUNE
2009
Patrocinio
Hosted by
Main Sponsor
Feria de Madri
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Madrid Fair
Pabellón 1 Pavi
lion 1
info@gnv2009m
adrid.com
www.gnv2009m
adrid.com
Un evento de
An event of
Organizado por
Organized by
16
May 2009
Procurement of a major CNG station
and additional taxi fleet for Singapore
The previously reported biggest CNG
station to be built in Old Toh Tuck Road
off Bukit Timah in Singapore, is now
planned to be the world’s largest CNG
refuelling station. According to an earlier
plan, this station was designed to have
38 nozzles.
Recently, it was reported that the USD
16 million investment by gas distributor
and taxi operator Union Energy would
be used to build 46 nozzles in the new
station, in which 44 units would serve
CNG cars while the rest would be used
to refuel heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs)
such as buses and trucks.
The new CNG station will be named
C-Nergy.
To date, the two biggest CNG refuelling
stations in the world are located in
Bangkok City in Thailand with 44
nozzles (12 for HDVs) in October 2008,
and in Lima City in Peru with 32 nozzles
(5 for HDVs) opened in April 2008.
Built on 7,066sqm land, the Old Toh
Tuck Road station is currently under
construction and scheduled to be
opened to the public this coming
August. It will also be the first
full-service CNG station in Singapore.
It will have several additional facilities
such as a convenience store, a motor
workshop and a car wash.
The investor, Union Energy owns a fleet
of 2,600 Trans-Cab taxis, of which 500
units are powered by CNG. Managing
director Teo Kiang Ang aims to have
2,000 CNG taxis in total within one or
two years from now, of which 500
additional vehicles—most are likely to
be added this year. The other taxis
operator, Smart Taxis, also has a CNG
taxi fleet. Smart is targeting about 4,000
to 5,000 CNG vehicles to refuel at four
of its CNG stations by the end of 2009.
There are currently around 3,600 NGVs,
mainly taxi cabs, operating in the
country, with 3 refuelling stations
facilitating this “clean” fuel fleet in
Jurong Island, at Jalan Buroh and at
Mandai Link in the north. The fourth one
in Serangoon North owned by Smart
Energy - an affiliate of Smart Taxis - was
supposed to open in February, but has
been delayed because of technical issues.
Apart from government incentives such
as favourable fuel tax and a rebate on
the purchase of vehicles, NGV users in
Singapore consider that CNG refuelling
network coverage is very important to
ensure the success of the NGV
programme. Fuelling stations are
expected to be available in all districts
across the nation.
As for the construction of this Old Toh
Road big station, Teo said it is
important to have a large station when
serving taxi drivers as they tend to
change shift around the same time, and
so will arrive in large numbers.
May 2009
17
18
May 2009
Melchers supplies Equipment to build
the largest CNG Station in the World
On the occasion of the groundbreaking by
Singaporean company Union Gas Pte Ltd
(part of Union Energy Corporation Pte Ltd), it
was also announced that C. Melchers is the
supplier of the CNG compression and
dispensing equipment. Union is also the
company behind taxi operator TransCab,
who has already some 300 CNG Taxis in
operation. Developed
The CNG - Gas Station equipment
supplied by the Melchers Group is
manufactured by market leader GNC
GALILEO. GALILEO is represented by the
Melchers Group.
After having built the SembGas / SPC
Station at Jalan Buroh, which has been in
operation since February 2008, this is the
second station by the Melchers Group.
Melchers is also one of the
leading CNG Conversion companies, under
their well established franchise
www.cng.com.sg.
At the Groundbreaking Ceremony, Mr.
Melchers, General Manager of C. Melchers,
Singapore, who is also the Chairman of the
CNG Committee @ SEAS, emphasized that
this is both a mile stone for the development
of the CNG infrastructure in Singapore but
also for the improvement of the air quality:
“CNG Cars meet Euro IV standard. Versus
petrol cars, they will contribute to a 25%
reduction of CO2, but more importantly
versus Diesel Cars they contribute to an
elimination of Particle Matter emissions.” Mr.
Melchers also said that CNG will continue to
be much cheaper than petrol and thereby
CNG offers an answer to many Singaporean
car owners, who in times of economic
downturn ask themselves how and where to
save money.
stations and industries which currently have
no access to natural gas pipelines.
Located in the heart of Singapore and in
close proximity to Exit 28 (Bukit Batok, Toh
Tuck) of the Pan Island Express Way (PIE),
this station dramatically improves the CNG
infrastructure in Singapore. With this station,
it will now be even more convenient for
Singaporeans to make use of CNG and thus
to be able to reduce their daily cost of driving
a vehicle.
About C. Melchers GmbH & Co.
Facts
C. Melchers GmbH & Co. is a 203 year old
German Trading and Engineering company.
Their diversified portfolio includes the Oil &
Gas Division which primarily deals in Natural
Gas related products and solutions.
Covering a total area of 7,065m², the station
will have 44 pump hoses for cars and 2
pump hoses for buses and trucks.
The station will be powered by 4 Galileo
Microbox Compressors each with a capacity
of 1500 Nm3/hr. The station will also
incorporate Galileo’s patented Virtual
Pipeline™ system which will allow CNG to
be transported to upcoming CNG daughter
C. Melchers is involved in the design,
consultation and engineering of CNG
stations up to full CNG turn key solutions.
Additionally they also supply CNG equipment,
CNG trailers and dedicated CNG vehicles. C.
Melchers also operated the largest CNG
conversion franchise in Singapore under their
cng.com.sg trademark.
The Philippines to build
two more stations
The Department of Energy (DOE) in the
Philippines plans to authorise more bus
operators to operate more CNG buses in
the country. Four operators are already
certified to run CNG buses, while 3 others
are yet to be certified. The DOE is keen to
see 185 CNG buses running on public
highways this year. To date, there are about
19 CNG buses operating on the
Cubao-Batangas/Laguna-Cubao provincial
route, serviced by 2 refuelling stations. The
DOE expects two more stations to be built
in Bi an City near Laguna this year.
May 2009
19
20
May 2009
Experiences from Heavy-Duty NGV fleets
From the International Gas Union’s
ongoing survey made by Working
Committee 5 -Utilisation, Study Group
5.3 (WOC S.G. 5.3), which amongst
other things regards Heavy-Duty NGVs,
the Union has so far collected
information and input from various HDV
(buses and trucks) fleets around the
world. Among the results, it was noted
that fleets which use OEM CNG buses
gain about 50% reduction on fuel costs
(depending on the case) compared to
when diesel is used to power buses.
Although results from maintenance cost
could vary greatly depending on the
generation of NG buses used, a modest
increase in maintenance time is
reported in almost all cases.
Among various inputs from survey
participants regarding the use of NG
buses, several expectations were
addressed, such as the reduction in the
price of NGV buses and the weight of
fuel tank, the remedy for the start-up
(torque) issue; and the need to evaluate
actual requirements for filling stations.
Thoroughly planned bus duty, driver
roistering, bus fuel storage and
refuelling system were are also
considered.
Experience from a well-known dual-fuel
LNG/CNG HD trucks operator for
long–distance haulage showed that the
only extra maintenance costs in
servicing or maintaining dual-fuel
engines comes from purchasing NG
filters, catalysts for methane reduction
and a small additional time for
preventive maintenance inspections.
Time for daily checking of methane
trucks compared to diesel trucks
remained the same. Regular maintenance
intervals are slightly increased due to
extra time required to carry out leak
checks and filter changes.
The International Gas Union’s 24th World
Gas Conference (WGC) will be held in
next autumn in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
At the conference (and exhibition), NGV
related issues will also be covered. As part
of the preparations for the presentation
from the NGV industry, a survey was
conducted to learn from the experience
of NGV fleet operators around the world.
The survey was supported by NGV
associations and fleet owners. The paper
will be presented during the 2009 WGC.
Pune’s CNG pipeline to start in July
The supply of CNG via
pipeline in Pune in India is
anticipated to begin in some
parts of the city in July.
The construction of the CNG
pipeline and a mega-mother
station at Chikhli near
Chinchwad and the PMPML
depot at Sant Tukaramnagar
depot in Pimpri has been
finalised. Meanwhile the
pipeline construction from
Pimpri to Shivajinagar is on
the way.
At the same time, CNG
supplier in Pune and
Pimpri-Chinchwad
Maharashtra Natural Gas
Limited (MNGL), has
commenced pipeline
installations from the PMPML
bus depot at Narveer Tanaji
Wadi in Shivajinagar to
Fergusson College road and
along Paud road.
Sham Sundar, managing
director of MNGL, said that
the company plans to begin
providing gas to a CNG
station at the PMPML's
Kothrud depot soon. At first,
CNG will be offered through
several gasoline stations on
Fergusson College road and
Paud road. MNGL informed
the residents in the area
surroundings about the
advantages of CNG.
The 1st phase of MNGL's
project will be completed
when the firm starts
supplying CNG at the
PMPML depot at Narveer
Tanaji Wadi in Shivajinagar. In
the 2nd phase, CNG will be
distributed to various areas
of Pune City with the three
proposed main refuelling
stations to be provided at
the PMPML depots in
Kothrud, Hadapsar and
Katraj. Gas from this pipline
project will be used to supply
CNG stations for vehicles
and Piped Natural Gas (PNG)
for households.
May 2009
21
22
Fuel demand and sales
of CNG kits in Pakistan
May 2009
The decrease in the oil price compared
to last year has resulted in a downturn
in the demand for CNG kits. Apart from
that, the NGV industry in Pakistan is
facing several challenges such as a
temporary low gas pressure during the
cold winter that has had an effect on
fuel supplies to CNG stations; the CNG
retail price versus higher refuelling
station operating costs that have to be
paid by station owners and so influence
the owners’ profit margin; reduced
support to the industry from financial
institutions and the government.
But it was the decreased price
differential between CNG and oil caused
by the downward trend of the oil price
that was recognised as the cause of
declining demand in NGVs. Gasoline
consumption continued to grow in the
period December 2008-March 2009
following a cut in retail prices in
December 2008, from Rs 89.60 to Rs
57.70 per litre . Meanwhile CNG prices
increased by Rs 3.50/ kg to Rs
48-50/kg in various cities. Since March,
many refuelling stations—especially
those in Karachi City, the biggest NGV
city of the country--offer discounts to
buyers of CNG.
Because of the decrease in the gasoline
price followed by lower demand for
NGVs, imports of CNG kits have
temporarily gone down by 25%. In
addition, CNG kit prices in Pakistan
have decreased by around 28%,
although this is not necessarily
considered a loss. Leading CNG kit
importers in Pakistan said that the price
of CNG kits had hiked three times
during the last eight months of 2008,
generating about 60% increase.
After the price cut, for example,
Landirenzo CNG kits for manual cars
are now sold at Rs 14,500 instead of
Rs 17,500 per unit. CNG cylinders with
50-55 litre water capacity are sold at Rs
10,000 and Rs 12,000, whereas earlier
these cost Rs 17,000 and Rs 19,000,
respectively.
Meanwhile, CNG kits for automatic cars
which used to cost around Rs 20,000
now cos Rs 16,000. CNG cylinders for
cars with 50-55 litre capacity are Rs
10,000 and Rs 9,000 cheaper
respectively and are now sold for Rs
15,000 and Rs 21,000.
In addition, the government has
imposed high taxes on domestically
manufactured and imported vehicles.
May 2009
23
Pakistan continues to work on fuel prices
Commercial banks have also practically
stopped vehicle financing, which is
holding people back from buying new
vehicles.
Optimist outlook
Although the CNG kits sector is facing
challenges, it has not yet reached the
extent where the industry would
completely shut down said retailers.
Some retailers even indicated that
importers were using delaying tactics in
providing kits, aimed at increasing the
demand.
The decreased import kits also do not
automatically reflect the same level of
downturn in kits demand.
As, for example, Landirenzo the leading
of CNG conversion kits in the country
which represent the major share of the
market has reduced its components’
import by 30% since the firm has a
CNG kits assembling unit in Pakistan to
cater the market demand.
Although demand is reported to have
slowed down in the biggest NGV
country in the world – as in other
countries across the globe — huge
numbers of substandard CNG kits are
still being openly produced at
Gujranwala, underlining the
considerably real demand in NGVs.
The NGV stakeholders, especially
licensed CNG kits suppliers, urged the
government to take firm disciplinary
action against CNG kit counterfeiters.
Although CNG sales in various Pakistani
cities have declined by 13 – 15%
according to Malik Khuda Buksh,
president of the CNG Station Owners
Association, he believes that CNG sales
would increase if the oil prices rebound
in the global market. Since the end of
March and early April 2009, the oil price
has increased and recorded its highest
point of 2009 at over 50 USD/blue
barrel, compared to the level of
November 2008 -mid March 2009.
The Supreme Court in Pakistan
delivered a set of questions to the
Commission on Petroleum Prices for
consideration and answers on issues
related to inflated oil prices.
The Court sought opportunities to allow
consumers to benefit from the recent
oil price changes in the international
market. The current prices and taxes
for petroleum products adopted by the
Oil Companies Advisory Committee are
fixed to the prices between June 29,
2001, and April 1, 2006, in pursuance
of Section 8 of the Petroleum Products
(Petroleum Development Levy)
Ordinance, 1961, as amended on June
29, 2001.
The court requested the committee’s
recommendations on fixing the prices of
oil, gas, CNG and LPG in a transparent
manner in line with trends in the
international market.
If prices of petroleum are reduced,
power costs at CNG refuelling stations
should go down as well. Consequently,
either the CNG retail price might go
down or the fuelling owner’s profit
margin could go up.
24
May 2009
Bangladesh to procure thousands of
CNG kits and cylinders
Petrobangla, the national gas
distributor, announced that Bangladesh
saves about USD 8000 million a year by
replacing oil with CNG in the transport
sector. As per government request,
Petrobangla has formed an
organisation, Rupantarita Prakritik Gas
Company Limited (RPGCL), to promote
and manage the use of CNG in vehicles
and their refuelling.
CNG consumption in this sector
reaches up to 58.14 million cubic
metres (cbm) per month.
This is equivalent to 69.77 million litres
of imported gasoline and octane worth
USD 67.77 million per month or USD
813.29 million a year.
The country has around 290 CNG
refuelling stations and 130 conversion
workshops serving around 180,000
converted vehicles. Most of the
vehicles—around 150,000 units-- were
already registered. An additional 14
CNG refuelling stations are under
construction. 26 more stations will also
be installed as part of the Dhaka Clean
Fuel Project (DCFP) funded by the Asian
Development Bank. The 26 stations will
be constructed on six highways -Dhaka-Chittagong, Dhaka-Sylhet,
Dhaka-Mymensingh, Dhaka-Aricha,
Dhaka-Sirajganj-Bogra and
Dhaka-Mawa.
In addition to the refuelling expansion
programme through the DPFC project,
RPGCL will import and deliver 5,000
CNG kits and 6,000 cylinders to private
entrepreneurs running 100 CNG buses
on commercial basis.
In Bangladesh, CNG for vehicles was
actively introduced in 2003 through
DCFP although activities had already
begun in 2000 when the United Nations
Devel¬op¬ment Program (UNDP)
created a USD 1.2 million training
scheme with RPGCL for alternative-fuel
programme. In addition, the USD 5
million Air Quality Management Project
financed by the World Bank was
implemented to lower vehicle emissions
and introduce air-quality monitoring.
In 2002, the Asian Development Bank
May 2009
allotted USD 113 million funding while
the UNDP offered additional financing of
USD 1.5 million in 2004. The funding
was used to expand the natural gas
pipelines network and to improve CNG
technology and know-how in the
country, including the training of
engineers and mechanics to carry out
CNG conversions and refuelling station
installations. A conversion costs around
USD 800 per vehicle (depending on the
vehicle size and type), while the average
salary is USD 600. Conversions to NGV
systems are popular, however, because
of the fuel savings; and the payback
period could be less than a year.
In 2003, two-stroke engines were
banned completely and the government
mandated the use of four-stroke CNG
engines. Consequently, the level of
Particulate Matter (PM) in Dhaka, the
city where the programme was first
introduced and where NGVs are mostly
used, went down by 30-40%. Annual
health cost were also reduced by
around USD 25 million due to the
cleaner air.
Nowadays CNG is used to power
various types of vehicle from
three-wheelers to other Light-Duty
Vehicles and Heavy-Duty Vehicles such
as passenger cars, jeeps, minibuses,
city and inter-city buses, trucks, etc.
Rapid expansion of the CNG network in
the past few years has significantly
contributed to the instability of gas
pressure in various areas and affected
gas-related activities in power
generation and vehicle refuelling
sectors.
To encourage the use of CNG, the
government offers a highly subsidised
Tk 7 per cubic metre gas to NGVs
users. As the programme started to
show a significant success, the gas rate
was adjusted last year to Tk 16.75 per
cubic metres. The number of
consumers using CNG continued to rise
after the price increase as CNG only
costs 20% of the price of gasoline and
36% of the price of diesel.
However, by the second week of April,
CNG Filling Station Owners Association
in Bangladesh met the energy adviser
of the prime minister proposing a
reduced CNG tariff. Along with the
proposal, the association also noted
that in certain areas such as the
Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, the number
of CNG stations are excessive.
25
The impact is reflected in the income of
the station owners. Fuel pressure is also
an important issue to those owners: for
example, due to the low pressure, a
CNG cylinder can only accommodate
10 m3 instead of 12 m3 gas if the
pressure is lower than 200 psi.
As a result of the meeting, a committee
will be formed under the ministry with
representatives from the association to
study the tariff and recommend its
adjustment. Additionally, the committee
will also study the possibility of issuing
an additional regulation to allow stations
to be installed in different zones with
certain limits.
26
May 2009
Business Alert
Macau City to enter NGV business
The Macau vehicle equipment
company, Senen Natural Gas Vehicle
Equipment Company Ltd, is planning
to introduce vehicle conversion
technology from Italy to convert
gasoline vehicles to NGVs in
Macau.
Sanny Ho Weng-fat, director of
Senen, who wished to introduce
Italian technology and equipment—from
M.T.M. - BRC Gas Equipment-- in
Macau said that he is confident that
Macau’s air quality would be improved if
NGVs are adopted in this city.
He said that using NGVs can help
drivers to save up to 70% of their fuel
expenses compared to other kinds of
traditional fuels and LPG.
He believes that vehicle conversion
costs can be recovered in a short
period. For a taxi, the conversion
payback period could be covered
within a year. Ho went on to remark
that Senen could build one CNG
dispensing facility in an existing
gasoline station.
Among the fuelling station options,
mobile station or mother-daughter
systems can be implemented in the
city.
He noted that government incentives
could encourage vehicle owners to
switch their vehicles into NGVs, helping
the industry to ensure the success of
NGV adoption and business.
Nevertheless, the official launch of the
technology in Macau would depend on
when the government is going to
announce the gas distributor and how
long the distributor will take to develop
the supply network and scheme of the
new energy, he continued.
24 al 26 de Septiembre, 2009
September 24-26, 2009
Jockey Plaza Convention Center
Lima, Perú / Peru
I Cumbre Latinoamericana de
GNV y Combustibles Alternativos
I Latin American Summit of
NGV and Alternative Fuels
Sponsors Silver
Convoca
Hosted by:
Sponsors Bronze
Auspicia
Supported by
www.expognvperu.com
info@expognvperu.com
Organiza
Organized by:
May 2009
27
Business Alert
Syria to join Western Asian NGV countries
The Syrian government recently addressed the
importance of the country to learn from Iranian
knowledge and experience regarding vehicle
conversion to the NGV system.
Last March, the Syrian Oil and Mineral
Resources Minister Sofyan al-Alaw met the
Iranian Oil Minister Gholam-Hossein Nouzari in
Damascus, the capital of Syria.
Al-Alaw stated that the visit would further
strengthen the friendship of the two
countries and lead to broader cooperation
between Iran and Syria, including the
launching of joint projects in oil and gas fields.
Two years ago, Syria signed an
agreement with Iran for the importation of
Iranian gas. Al-Alaw underlined the need to
implement the import-export as soon as
possible so that the gas could be used by
Syrian industries and for pursing joint
projects.
This 185,180 km2 country of 19.7 million
inhabitants is located near the already
well-known NGV countries such as Egypt,
Turkey, Armenia and Georgia, Iran and the UAE.
28
May 2009
Business Alert
Vietnam to open a CNG bus assembly plant and install
Government officials in Vietnam
expressed their favourable opinion
about the strong possibility of the
country becoming a big user of CNG in
the transport sector in the future.
The first two targeted cities are Ho Chi
Minh (HCM) and Hanoi. These two
major cities were targeted to operate
public CNG buses this year.
Apart from the environmental benefit
that Vietnam could gain by using “clean”
CNG stated by the Deputy Minister of
Industry and Trade Nguyen Thanh Bien,
and the economic savings that vehicle
users would make, as noted by Bui Van Quyen, head of the
southern office of the Ministry of Science and Technology,
there is a more important reason why the country could gain
from using natural gas in the transport sector. Vietnam has
abundant natural gas reserves.
It has several natural gas sources of over 2,000 billion cubic
metre: the Dinh Co plant in Phu My Industrial Zone, Ba Ria –
Vung Tau province; gas from oil and gas fields of Vietnam,
which will be processed at the Go Dau
Industrial Zone in Dong Nai Province in
2010 at a yearly capacity of 50-70
million cubic metres (cbm); and the
Southwestern frozen warehouse in the
Hiep Phuoc Industrial Zone in Ho Chi
Minh (HCM) City, which will open in
2012. However, at the moment only one
facility produces CNG. Since last year,
the gas production facility in southern
Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province offers an initial
capacity of 30 million tonnes/year of gas.
As reported in the February 2009
edition of Asian NGV Communications,
the HCM Department of Transport’s Director Duong Hong
Thanh aims to have 800 CNG buses in the city by 2011. By
31 January this year, the Thanh Cong Automobile
Corporation had delivered 500 CNG buses to the Sonadezi
Company in Dong Nai Province on the south of Vietnam, 30
km from HCM.
Thanh Cong Corporation will install the Auto Assembling
Factory No. 2 in Ninh Binh Province by the end of 2009.
When the plant is complete, CNG buses can be assembled
locally.
Refuelling facilities will be available around HCM.
PetroVietnam aims to invest USD 252 million to build 360
CNG stations at 360 bus stops across HCM city. Vietnam
National Oil and Gas Group has promised to supply 50
million cbm of CNG in 2009 and 100 million cbm in 2010.
Being powered by cleaner fuel, vehicles running on dedicated
CNG offer significant pollution reductions: 10-25% less
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 60-70% less Carbon Oxide (CO), 87%
less NOx, and 87% less Non-methane organic gas (NMOG).
As NGVs emit less CO2, these create 20% less greenhouse
emissions compared to gasoline vehicles and 15% less
compared to diesel automobiles. More importantly, NGVs
emit virtually 0% particulate matter (PM), the harmful
microscopic component of air pollution that penetrates deep
into the lungs.
The country and owners of NGV fleets could benefit from
using CNG; buses could save up to 8,308 USD /year on fuel
costs. The operating cost of CNG buses is about 50% less
than those powered by diesel.
Due to the environmentally-friendly characteristics of CNG
and the fact that CNG is cheaper than diesel and gasoline,
Quyen stated that CNG consumption in Vietnam would
develop strongly in the future. Air pollution in big cities is
caused by over 1 million vehicles, including buses. Following
expectations to make Vietnam an industrialized economy by
2020, the number of vehicles are expected to increase
rapidly. Thus, the market for CNG for buses and taxi cabs are
expected to be considerable in big cities, concluded Quyen.
May 2009
29
Business Alert
Africa, a new potential market
Natural Gas processing capacity
on Songo Songo gas field in the
Lindi region of Tanzania will be
doubled to meet the growing
demand for gas for electricity
generation, industrial and
domestic use and vehicles.
When the production expansion
plan has been full implemented,
gas processing capacity will reach up to 140 millions of
standard cubic feet per day (mmscf/day). Additional NG supply
is expected to be delivered to Dar es Salaam.
Presently, five out of eleven NG wells in Songo Songo provide
70 million mmscf/day although processing
capacity is insufficient. To double gas production, more wells
must be drilled to the north and west of the island according to
the Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation.
Currently, the country has four gas fields at Songo Songo,
Mnazi Bay, Mkuranga, and Nyuni. As the
government has signed gas production agreement with more
than 20 Oil & Gas exploration companies, there is more
likelihood of additional gas fields being discovered.
LNG stations and HDVs for Tasmania
LNG Refuellers Pty Ltd (LNGR), an Australiabased consortium comprising seven Tasmanian
transport operators, has made a deal with
industrial gas company BOC / CRYOSTAR for
the supply of LNG fuel for more than 120 LNGpowered heavy-duty vehicles.
Tasmania is an Australian state -and island located 240 kilometers (150 miles) south of the
eastern side of the continent, being separated
from it by the Bass Strait. BOC, with the
support of CRYOSTAR, will design and
construct the entire supply chain infrastructure
for LNG Refuellers including LNG road tankers
and six refuelling stations.
This project includes CRYOSTAR equipment
such as the new submerged SUBTRAN pump
and its dedicated skid, the station PLC control
system, and the brand new LNG dispenser.
By: Cryostar SAS, France
30
May 2009
Australian fuel tax adjustments
On 7 April this year, the Assistant Treasurer and Minister for
Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs, Chris Bowen MP,
revealed exposure draft legislation and explanatory materials
for the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) - Fuel Tax
Adjustment Arrangements.
fishing and heavy goods transportation industries through a
new 'CPRS fuel credit' scheme. LPG, LNG and CNG are
substitutes for gasoline and diesel but lie outside the fuel tax
system, so to maintain neutrality between these fuels and
“traditional” fuels, the exposure draft legislation also provides
a CPRS fuel credit to LPG, CNG and LNG.
Copies of the draft legislation, commentaries, etc can be
found at: www.treasury.gov.au.
Australia and South Korea to
strengthen cooperation
Building on the White Paper, Carbon Pollution Reduction
Scheme: Australia's Low Pollution Future, released on 15
December 2008, the draft legislation outlines the
'cent-for-cent' excise reduction that will offset the impact of
emission pricing on all fuels currently subject to the general
rate of AUD 38.143 cents/litre.
The exposure draft legislation also sets out how the
government will provide transitional assistance to agriculture,
12a Conferenza ed Esposizione fieristica dell’Associazione
Internazionale dei Veicoli a Gas Naturale - IANGV
12th Conference and Exhibition of the International
Association for Natural Gas Vehicles - IANGV
Dal 8 al 10 giugno 2010
June 8-10, 2010
Nuova Fiera di Roma New Rome Fair
Padiglioni 9, 10 e area esterna Pavilions 9, 10 and outdoor area
Roma, Italia Rome, Italy
La soluzione attuale
per un trasporto migliore
Today's solution
for sustainable transportation
Un evento di
An event of
www.ngv2010roma.com
info@ngv2010roma.com
Ospitato da
Hosted by
Organizzato da
Organized by
Among the various issues addressed during South Korean
President Lee Myung-Bak’s meeting with Australian Prime
Minister Kevin Rudd in March this year, two important
issues were seen as priorities: the completion of a free
trade agreement (FTA) between the two countries and the
establishment of a stronger relationship between the two
countries in the LNG sector.
Australian Ambassador Sam Gerovich for South Korea
expressed Australia’s intention to strengthen their
relationship by, amongst other things, contributing to
Korea’s energy and resources security in terms of LNG.
Gerovich also noted that Australia is a reliable supplier in
the region and that their LNG is very competitively priced.
May 2009
31
Jakarta to open more CNG stations
Following news in the April 2009 edition of Asian NGV
Communications regarding three newly constructed CNG
stations which have yet to be opened, there is a strong
possibility that the three stations owned by PT Aksara
Andalan Prima (Aksara) will soon be in service.
The opening of the stations had to be put back due to PT
Perusahaan Gas Negara’s (PT PGN) delays in integrating their
pipeline with Aksara’s compressors, although Pertamina, the
gas supplier had already requested to supply gas to the
stations several months ago. The reason for the delay was
actually caused by an outstanding debt between parties other
than Aksara.
The dispute between PT Petross (the station owner) and the
Jakarta city administration has caused a delay in the gas
supply from PT PGN.
However, the Jakarta city administration recently agreed to
settle its debt to PT Petross Gas. The city administration will
pay Rp 9.5 billion to Petross, the gas supplier for Transjakarta
CNG buses, for the services provided by the company from
May 26, 2006 to March 2008. The city administration has
allocated Rp 50 billion of reserve funds for unexpected
projects.
City secretary Muhayat expects that it would allow Petross to
pay its debt owed to PT PGN. With the settlement of this
debt, it is expected that the three Aksara’s CNG stations will
be in service soon.
Based on the agreement for CNG station procurement,
Petross must build gas refuelling stations to serve
Transjakarta CNG buses, while the administration must
ensure the procurement of the gas from PGN.
Petross's director Andika Anindyaguna Hermanto said that
according to the agreement, the city administration should
make the transactions with PGN to provide the gas. In reality,
it was Petross who was currently dealing with PGN.
Muhayat stated that the administration would review the
agreement between the two parties.
In 2006, the city administration and PT PGN set a target to
build 77 CNG refuelling stations in Jakarta although no deadline was identified.
32
May 2009
Heavy-Duty NGVs made in Asia
Natural Gas HDVs availability in China
Brand
China
Anhui Hualing Automobile(Group) Co., Ltd
Beijing Bus General Plant
NGV models
Hualing Star HN4180PT23C4M CNG Tractor
Jinghua BK6141CNG Hinge Jointed City Bus
Changjiang CJ6110G3Y7H Bus
Changjiang CJ6110SG2Y7H Double Decker Bus
Changzhou Iveco Bus Co., Ltd
Changjiang CJ6110SG2YH Double Decker Bus
Changjiang CJ6120G2Y7H Bus
Chongqing CNG Technologies Co., Ltd
CNG bus
Chongqing Jiangchuan Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd Chuanjiang CJQ6790KCS Bus
Dongfeng Automobile Co., Ltd
Dongfeng EQ6830RACN Bus Chassis(Class 3)*
Dongfeng EQ6111RCDN Bus Chassis(Class 3)
Dongfeng EQ6122KS Bus Chassis(Class 3)
Dongfeng EQ1165F Truck
Dongfeng EQ1165K2 Truck
Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd
Dongfeng EQ1140GL1 Truck
Dongfeng EQ1140GL Truck
Dongfeng EQ1250GL2 Truck
Dongfeng EQ1250GL3 Truck
Dongfeng EQ6590PC1 Bus
Dongfeng Nanchong Automobile Co., Ltd
Dongfeng EQ6590PC Bus
Jiefang CA1127L5A CNG Truck
Jiefang CA1150P1L1A80 CNG Truck
First Auto Works (FAW)
Jiefang CA6101D92-9 Bus Chassis(Class 3)
JiefangCA6110D118-1T Bus Chassis(Class 3)
JinlngJLY6101SA CNG Double Decker Bus
Nanjing Jinling Double- decker Bus Plant
JinlngJLY6101SB CNG Double Decker Bus
Mudan
CNG 3-Ton Light Truck
Shanqi SX4254BK294T Tractor
Shaanxi Automobile (Group) Co., Ltd
Shanqi SX6112F Luxury City Bus
Shanqi SX6112C City Bus
Shanghai Huizhong Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd
SHAC SH4251A4B31K Tractor
Yaxing-Benz Motor Coach Co.,Ltd
Yaxing YBL6110GNH Bus Chassis(Class 3)
Yantia Shuchi Vehicle Co
NG buses
Yuchai Diesel Engine Co.,Ltd
Yuejin Automobile(Group)Co., Ltd
Yuejin NJ67001M5EG Bus Chassis(Class 3)
Zhongda Industrial Group Co.
JLY6101SA
Japan
Dutro
Hino
Ranger
Middle-size low-floor bus
Elf AFG-NKR82AN
Forward PB-FRR35J3S
Forward PB-FRR35K3S
Isuzu
Wagon R (CBA-MH21S)
Big-size low-floor bus
Middle-size low-floor bus
Mazda
Titan AFG-LKR82AN
Fighter NX
Mitsubishi-Fuso
Big-size low-floor bus
Canter KK-FE73CEV
Atlas KR-AKR81EP
Condor AFG-BKR82EP
Condor PB-MK36A
Condor PB-PK37A
Nissan-Diesel
Big Thumb KL-CD48L
Big-size low-floor bus
Middle-size low-floor bus
Civilian KK-BHW41
Toyota
Dyna Toyoace
Toyota
Dyna Toyoace 7 tonnes truck
Kanto Machine Centre
Komatsu Forklift
Mitsubishi Motors
Nissan-Diesel
Fighter
Subaru
Sumitomo
Yale Forklift CNG 11-FG25PV1
TCM
TCM
Toyota
Remarks
Dedicated CNG tractor
Dedicated CNG buses
Dedicated CNG buses
Dedicated CNG trucks
Dual fuel buses
Dedicated CNG trucks
Dedicated CNG buses
Dedicated CNG truck
Dedicated CNG tractor
Dedicated CNG bus
Dual fuel bus
Dedicated CNG tractor
Dedicated CNG bus
120 models NGVs exported to Europe, Japan, Bangladesh and Pakistan
For export purposes
Dedicated CNG bus
CNG bus and double deck buses
Delivery & garbage trucks
Truck
Bus
2 tonnes delivery & garbage trucks
4 tonnes delivery & garbage trucks
4 tonnes delivery & garbage trucks
Truck
Bus
Bus
Truck
Delivery & garbage trucks
Bus
Truck
2 tonnes truck
2 tonnes truck
4 tonnes truck
7 tonnes truck
10 tonnes truck
Bus
Bus
Small-size low-floor bus
Delivery truck
Truck
Working vehicle
Forklift
Forklift
Working vehicle
Working vehicle
Forklift
Forklift
Forklift
May 2009
33
Natural Gas HDVs availability in China
Brand
NGV models
Remarks
BS090
BS106
BH115
BC211M
BV120MA (12 m)
BS120CN (12 m)
LNG bus
Garbagetruck (Roll Pack)
Garbage truck (Arm Roll)
11 litre-LNG tractor
Aero City
Aero Inter City
Aero Inter City
Aero City Bus de GNV
Sweeper
9 m city bus: 24+1 seats
10.6 m city bus: 26+29+1 seats
11.5 m Inter city bus: 45+1
11 m Low floor bus: 29+28+1
12 m Low floor bus : 25-45 seats
12 m Ultra low floor bus: 25-44 seats
In development (for demonstration project)
19.3
11 Ton (Payload)
In development (for demonstration project)
City bus: 21+1 seats
City bus: 38+1 seats
City bus: 45+1 seats
Low-floor bus: 27+1 seats
To be launched
Long distance LPO 1510 CNG
Starbus Ultra Low Floor-LPO 1623 CNG
CNG bus
Commercial vehicles & three-wheelers
CNG Ape
Chassis of Intra-city bus (mini bus)
Fully built bus, itra city bus
In plan
In plan
Truck
S60G CNG
S36CNG City Minibus
Garbage collector CNG Renault Medium
CNG Tipper Renault Medium
Garbage Collector CNG Budsun
CNG Rigid Budsun
CNG city Bus MAN
Midibus
Minibus
Truck
Truck
Truck
Truck
Bus
Korea
Daewoo
Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Co., Ltd
Hyundai
Shinjeon
India
Tata Motors
Mahindra & Mahindra
Piaggio
Iran
Saipa Diesel
Thailand
Chevrolet
Hino
Isuzu
Summitr Motors
Yantia Shuchi Vehicle Co
Indonesia
Komodo
Daewoo
Malaysia
Kosmo Motor Company Sdn Bhd
Colorado dual fuel
FM-CNG version
FG-CNG version
Low-duty to Heavy-duty trucks
Assembly of CNG buses and trucks
In plan: pick-up truck to run on 80% CNG and 20%
diesel. Can be switched to 100% diesel.
Tractor truck, will be launched in April 2009
In plan
NGV bus(es)
In plan: opening an NG bus plant and investment in
fuelling facility
Komodo
CNG city bus
Bus
Bus
Kosmo
Bus
NGV models
Remarks
GE08TI
8,1 litre Dedicated CNG Engine (240ps, 260ps),
GE12TI
12 litre Dedicated CNG Engine (290ps, 310ps, 340ps)
Natural gas engines for HDVs
Brand
Korea
Doosan Infracore Co., Ltd
To send and/or request more information, please contact asia@ngvgroup.com
34
May 2009
BusinessCentre
LNG as alternative fuel
Natural gas is a fossil based source of energy which
represents more than one fifth of total energy consumption in
the world. It is more and more attractive since it has many
ecological and economical advantages. LNG, as a fuel, is
already a proven technology which gives significant results in
terms of efficiency and emissions. As LNG represents an
important part of the natural gas vehicles market, especially
for high duty vehicles, the main goal for our industry is to
communicate and educate on the advantages and specific
aspects of the cryogenic state of the gas. Indeed, there is still
confusion about CNG, LNG and LCNG.
Port of Long Beach example:
POLA & POLB have adopted the “San Pedro Bay Ports Clean
Air Action Plan” to improve air quality in the South Coast Air
Basin more quickly and aggressively than has ever been
attempted by any seaport, anywhere in the world. Since beginning
October 1st, 2008, 1988 and older trucks are banned. The
program will progressively ban all trucks that don't meet 2007
emission standards within 4 years and encourages truck fleets
of alternatively-fuelled vehicles, for example LNG.
Hence the installation of the largest LNG Vehicle Refuelling
Station in the world in the Port of Long Beach: equipped with
8 Cryostar new submerged centrifugal pumps SUBTRAN, 2
Offload pumps GBS, 1 reciprocating pump MRP and the
Cryostar LNG station control panel and software.
1. CNG refuelling stations
(Gaseous source → refuelling vehicles with gas)
The CNG fuelling station is directly supplied by a natural gas
pipeline (or biogas) and fills vehicles at pressures up to 200
bars. This solution is not proposed by Cryostar since no
cryogenic equipment is needed.
3. LCNG refuelling stations
ADVANTAGES
(Liquid source → refuelling vehicles in gas)
The LCNG station is a mix between CNG and LNG refuelling
technologies. Indeed, the LNG fuelling system which is
directly supplied by a liquid natural gas (LNG) storage tank
allows refuelling of vehicles with CNG at pressures up to 200
bars and more.
® Direct gas supply from the pipeline
® No storage capacity required
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
® High operational costs of the compressor solution
® Need to be connected to an existing grid.
2. LNG refuelling stations
(Liquid source → refuelling vehicles in liquid)
The LNG refuelling system, using a liquid natural gas (or liquid
biogas) storage tank, allows refuelling of liquefied gas at
pressures up to 15 bars.
®Higher density
®Completely independent from the grid, allowing using
different gas suppliers
®Increases natural gas stations cost efficiencies
®Investment and maintenance costs of an LCNG station are
in some cases (especially for high flow stations) by far lower than
investing in a CNG station equipped with large compressors
®Operational costs, in terms of power consumption, of an
LCNG fuelling station are approximately four times lower than
those of a compressor equipped CNG refuelling station.
ADVANTAGES
® Reduction of the vehicles tank size
® Increase of the vehicles autonomy
® LNG as a fuel is an excellent solution for high duty vehicles
® Longer autonomy, reduced emissions, better efficiency and
power
® Management of the gas losses
® No CH4 is vented to the atmosphere during normal
refuelling operation.
Cryostar, founded in 1966 is a pioneer in the design and
manufacture of cryogenic equipment. First producing pumps for
industrial gas applications, then turbines used in air separation
units. Progressively, Cryostar entered other business markets
providing compressors and heat exchangers for use on LNG
ships, turbines for hydrocarbon applications, L/CNG filling and
fuelling stations, and turbo expander-generators for clean
energy projects. From an equipment manufacturer, Cryostar
has also developed their expertise for processes in the field of
industrial gases, LNG and clean energy. www.cryostar.com
May 2009
35
BusinessCentre
Omnitek Engineering signs exclusive distribution
agreements for Bulgaria and Turkey
Omnitek Engineering Corporation (OTCQX: OMTK) today
announced the appointment of Metan Market, Ltd. as the
company’s exclusive agent in Bulgaria and an initial order
valued at approximately USD 600,000 for its diesel-to-natural
gas conversion systems.
The company also said it has signed a similar exclusive agent
agreement with Ruston Endüstrieyel, based in Ankara, Turkey.
The conversion order in Bulgaria is for public buses operated
by Sofia Public Transport Company. The conversion project,
which commenced recently, is expected to be completed
over a two-year period.
“Bulgaria and Turkey represent regions with tremendous
growth potential, supported by an expanding infrastructure of
compressed natural gas (CNG) refueling stations, and a
corresponding government and private-sector commitment to
utilizing gaseous fuels. There are approximately 25,000 CNG
vehicles operating in Bulgaria today, a figure that has doubled
since 2006, and approximately 74 CNG refueling stations in
operation to support the growing demand,” said Werner
Funk, president and chief executive officer of Omnitek
Engineering Corporation.
He noted Metan Market, Ltd. is aggressively engaged in
multiple sectors of the CNG supply chain, including
compression of natural gas; delivery of CNG for mobile
compressor stations, serving private and commercial
customers; production of trailers for the transport of CNG;
CNG bus and truck sales, in addition to managing the
conversion of diesel buses and trucks to operate on CNG.
Funk also noted that Ruston Endüstrieyel has been a pioneer
in the conversion of vehicles to operate on liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) and CNG since 1964. “Our partnership
with Ruston Endüstrieyel will enable this highly respected
organization to offer diesel-to-natural gas conversions, which
is more cost-effective than
replacing high-polluting
diesel powered engines
with new natural gas
vehicles,” Funk said.
“Still in its infant
stage, there are
currently
approximately 500
CNG buses and
more than 1.2 million
LPG vehicles in operation in
Turkey,” he said.
Omnitek’s new CNG engine for
Apart from that, also in
Heavy-Duty Vehicles
March 2009, Omnitek
Engineering Corporation announced the appointment of G&W
Group, S.A. as the company’s exclusive agent in Peru and an
initial order valued at approximately USD 4.5 million for its
diesel-to-natural gas conversion systems.
About Omnitek Engineering Corporation
Omnitek Engineering, Corp. develops and sells new natural
gas engines, as well as proprietary diesel-to-natural gas
conversion systems -- providing global customers with
innovative alternative energy and emissions control solutions
that are sustainable, affordable and designed to combat
global warming.
Contact: Omnitek Engineering, Corp.
1945 S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd, San Marcos,
CA 92069, Tel. +1 760 591 0089
info@omnitekcorp.com; www.omnitekcorp.com
"Supplying alternative energy and emissions control solutions
that are sustainable and affordable."
Compac’s 100th dispenser for
Iran and the 1st for Thailand
Compac Industries Ltd, A New Zealand-based dispenser manufacturer has sold
100 laser dispensers to Iran, one of Asia’s and the world’s strongest and biggest
NGV countries. Compac local distributor in Iran, Zogico, made the recent sale to a
new customer Tam Iran Khodro, the Middle East’s largest auto parts supplier. Tam
has also placed an additional order of 33 dispensers via Zogico.
In Thailand, the first Compac dispenser for this country was installed at the Hino
truck factory in Bangkok. Hino’s CNG station is the first privately owned CNG
station in this country. Other stations, over 300 units, are
public stations owned by PTT Plc.
Compac has also added 160m³/hour of compressor capacity to its CNG
dispenser testing facility, which is now able to test up to 12 dual nozzle dispensers
within an 8 hour period.
For more information, visit http://www.compacngv.com/home_ngv/
36
May 2009
Asian NGV statistics
NGV statistics
Natural Gas Vehicles
Country
Cars/LDVs MD/HD
buses
Total
Pakistan
Iran
India*
China*
Bangladesh*
Thailand
Russia*
Armenia
Egypt
Uzbekistan
Malaysia
Japan
Myanmar*
Korea
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan*
Singapore
Turkey
Georgia
Indonesia
Australia
Vietnam
United Arab Emirates
New Zealand
Philippines
Taiwan
TOTAL ASIA
WORLD
Share Asia/World
2.000.000
1.215.593
700.000
400.000
180.000
140.038
103.000
101.352
101.078
47.000
40.248
35.720
22.821
19.745
10.600
6.000
3.609
3.056
3.000
2.550
2.453
500
305
283
36
4
5.138.991
9.936.444
52%
1.949.960
1.209.381
315.200
231.685
117.229
114.758
18.000
69.971
97.523
47.000
40.067
13.778
2.902
238
10.600
Refuelling stations
MD/HD
trucks
Others
40
6.200
12.000
112.755
3.233
9.066
8.000
9.831
1.201
12
715
1.100
8.355
14.541
35.000
19.626
1.794
170
1.417
18.290
19.078
11
19.312
4
429
Total
50.000
372.085
54.460
51.183
1.673
42.000
1.924
560
1.213
1.625
6.000
3.570
2.564
3.000
1.755
130
305
180
11
4.249.807
8.791.609
48%
30
492
9
335
1.263
500
0
66
25
4
203.996
269.184
76%
210
1.060
250
0
37
102.178
148.154
69%
583.010
715.357
81%
VRA
Under
construction
Private
2.718 2.718
764
703
500
181
1.336
920
296
6
305
280
226
201
214
9
118
114
43
43
101
99
327
294
37
37
130
130
53
53
6
6
3
3
9
5
4
4
9
9
146
127
1
2
1
14
3
1
1
1
7.366 5.945
15.198 13.365
48% 44%
Fuel Prices
61
319
416
290
25
25
205
4
Monthly gas
consumption
(M Nm3)
Last update
1.003
52,00
230
9
13
21,36
72
12
26,79
23,80
33,50
4,25
16
2
33
10
678
2
13
43,94
4,13
0,60
4
35
0,40
19
1
1
14
2
130
1.421
1.816
78%
1.323
901
1.368 9.220
97% 10%
1
April 2009
February 2009
March 2009
February 2009
November 2008
February 2009
December 2008
March 2008
December 2008
December 2007
January 2009
September 2008
October 2008
April 2009
December 2007
December 2007
April 2009
July 2008
December 2007
December 2008
March 2007
January 2009
March 2007
March 2007
February 2006
April 2005
210,77
865,63
24%
April 2009
Cities with stations
Premium Regular
Country Gasoline Gasoline Diesel
(Euro/litre)
(Euro/litre)
Bangladesh
China
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Korea
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
Tajikistan
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Armenia
Russia
Turkey
Public
0,52
0,59
0,24
0,83
0,55
0,110
1,39
1,07
0,51
1,75
0,89
1,03
0,49
0,49
0,79
0,80
1,70
(Euro/litre)
0,49
0,56
0,12
0,76
0,44
0,075
1,31
0,60
0,49
0,92
0,55
0,47
0,34
0,73
0,69
1,60
0,34
0,50
0,15
0,53
0,61
0,012
1,19
1,06
0,70
0,49
0,62
0,87
0,86
0,45
0,44
0,34
0,71
0,70
1,26
CNG
(Euro/
Nm3)
0,18
0,34
0,06
0,27
0,23
0,015
0,68
0,43
0,26
0,19
0,45
0,22
0,52
0,21
0,17
0,11
0,27
0,22
0,78
CNG price
CNG price
equivalent per equivalent per
litre gasoline litre diesel
0,16
0,30
0,05
0,24
0,21
0,014
0,52
0,39
0,23
0,17
0,40
0,20
0,46
0,19
0,15
0,10
0,24
0,20
0,68
0,18
0,35
0,06
0,28
0,24
0,015
0,58
0,44
0,27
0,19
0,46
0,23
0,53
0,22
0,17
0,11
0,28
0,23
0,76
2.386
667
Asia
Worldwide
World review
Region
Asia
Eurasia
Africa
Europe
South&CA.
North America
WORLD
Total NGVs
Cars
/LDVs
4.928.583 4.156.272
MD/HD
Buses
MD/HD
Trucks
fuelling
stations
47.552
539.086
6.913
54.626
43.924
453
210.408
93.535
18.323
226
220
6
885.810
757.131
40.362
33.816
3.799.277 3.697.951
13.820
9.660
112.140
Others
185.673
7
2.617
77.846
4.291
96.000
11.240
2.500
2.400
917
9.936.444 8.791.609
269.184
148.154
715.357
15.198

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