Journal of the Faculty of Economics, KGU, Vol. 16, October 2006 93 ⺰ ᢥ King Lear ߦ߅ߌࠆ⁅᳇ߩ㧨⻘㧪 ੩ㇺቇᄢቇ 㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ ศ ᓕᵗ ⷐ ᣦ Lear ߩ⁅᳇ߣߪ৻ޔߢࠈ߁߆⁅ޔߪߡ߅ߦࡦ࠻ࡊޕ᳇ߣߪ߇߆ࠅߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᘒ ߢࠅੱ߇ޔ㑆ߩᗧ⼂ࠍ⸰ࠇߚ㧨ߒࠆߒ㧪ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡߚੱޕ㑆ߦߪޔℂᕈߢ⼂ߢ߈ ߥ߽ߩࠍ⼂ߔࠆߚߩ⌒߇ᬀ߃ߟߌࠄࠇߡߡޔℂᕈࠍᄬߞߚ⁅ੱߦ߅ߡߪ⌒ߩߘޔ ߩ߈߇⚐☴ߦߥࠆߩߢࠆ⁅ޕ᳇ߩߎߩ․ᮭ⊛ߥ⟎ߪᤨࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޔઍ߹ߢ⛽ᜬߐࠇߡ ߅ࠅ⁅ޔ᳇ߪੱ㑆ߩਛߦࠆߔߴߡߩᖡࠍᡰ㈩ߔࠆቝቮ⊛ߥࡆ࡚ࠫࡦࠍ߽ߟᒻ⽎ߛߣ⠨߃ࠄ ࠇߡߚߩߢࠆ৻ޕᣇߢ♖ߩߤߥࡦࠞޔ࠻ࠗࡠࡈޔಽᨆ⊛ືߦ߁ࠃߩࡃࡃߚ߹ޔ ቇ⊛ߦ⁅᳇ࠍ⸃㉼ߒߡࠆታ߽ㅏߒߡߪߥࠄߥޔ߫ࠇࠃߦࠦࡈߦࠄߐޕ17 ♿ߩ ⁅᳇ߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇߪޔวℂ⊛ᗧ⼂ߩ㜞߹ࠅߦࠃࠅ⁅ޔ᳇߇ᛕ್⊛ߦಽᨆߐࠇޔᓼᕈߣੱ 㑆ᕈߣ߁ၮḰߦᾖࠄߒߡ⁅ޔ᳇ߣੱ㑆߇ಽᨆߐࠇࠆߩߎޕᗧ⼂ߪ⁅ޔ᳇ߩᖤ⊛ߢቝቮ⊛ ߥ⚻㛎ࠍⷒ㓝ߔ⁅ޕ᳇ߪ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬᦼߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡߚ߽ߩߢߥߊߡߒߣ∛ߩ♖ޔ⠨߃ ࠄࠇߚߩߢࠆᧄޕⓂߢߪ⁅ߩࠄࠇߎޔ᳇ߩᄙ⟵ᕈࠍಽᨆߒޔൻ߇ Lear ߦะ߆ߞߡޔ ̈thou art an 0̉ߣ⸒ߞߚᗧࠍ⸃㉼ߒޔLear ߩ⁅᳇ߩ⻘ߩ৻⠨ኤࠍឭ໒ߔࠆޕ ࠠࡢ࠼㧦ࠕߩ⁅ޟ᳇ޠ ޔࠦࡈޔ ̈Ỏ 㧝㧚ߪߓߦ ᧄⓂߢߪޔ ޢ₺ࠕޡ 㧔King Lear, William Shakespeare㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆࠕߩ⁅᳇ߦߟߡ᭽ⷺߥޘᐲ ߆ࠄ⠨ኤߒޔൻ߇ࠕߦะ߆ߞߡ̈thou art an Ỏߣ⸒ߞߚᗧࠍ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅߩࠕޔ ⁅᳇ߦ㑐ߒߡߩ৻⠨ኤࠍឭ໒ߒߡߺߚߣᕁ߁ߕ߹ޕೋߦᦨ߇ࠕޔᗲߩᆷࠦ࠺ࠕࠍᄬޔ ⥄ࠄ߽㕖ᬺߩᱫࠍㆀߍࠆ႐㕙ߩࠕߩบ⹖߆ࠄߡ߈ߚޕ ᧄⓂߪޔᣣᧄ⧷ᢥቇળਛ࿖྾࿖ᡰㇱ╙ 58 ࿁ᄢળ㧔ᣈ㧦㚅Ꮉᄢቇޔ2005.10.29㧕ߦ߅ߡญ㗡⊒ߒߚ߽ߩߦട╩ୃޔᱜ ࠍട߃ߚ߽ߩߢࠆ⺰ᧄޕᢥਛߩ King Lear ߦ㑐ߔࠆᒁ↪ⴕᢙߪޔR.A. Foakes ed., King Lear, (The Arden Shakespeare)/ William Shakespeare (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd, 1997) ߦࠃࠆޕ 1 94 Journal of the Faculty of Economics, KGU, Vol. 16, October 2006 LEAR: And my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life And thou no breath at all? O tKRX¶OWFRPHQRPRUH Never, never, never, never, never. [to Edger?]Pray you, undo this button. Thank you, Sir. O, o, o, o. Do you see this? Look on her: look, her lips, Look there, look there! (5.3.304-309) ߎߩบ⹖ࠍᦨᓟߦࠕߪᕷ⛘߃ࠆߩߎߪࠕޕߦሽߒߥ̈ή̉ߩ⁁ᘒߦߥߞߚߩߛࠕޕ ߪߥߗߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㕖ᬺߩᱫࠍㆀߍࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆⁅߇ࠕߪࠇߘޕ᳇ߩⴕേࠍขߞߚ߆ࠄߛߣߞ ߡ߽ㆊ⸒ߢߪߥޕኾਥ⟵ߩਛߢᦨ㜞ᮭജ⠪ߛߞߚ࿖₺ࠕߪޔ㧟ੱߩᆷߚߜߦ㗔ࠍ⼑ࠆ ߚߦ₺࿖ࠍಽഀߔࠆߩߎޕᮭജಽᜂߎߘ߇ޔℂᕈߩઍ⠪⊛ሽߢࠆࠕࠍ⁅᳇ߩࠕ߳ߣ ⾇ߚ߈ߞ߆ߌߦߥߞߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ࠄߥߗߥޕᮭജಽᜂࠍߒߚᓟߦߪߪߦࠕޔᮭജ ߇ߥߊߩࠕޔኾਥ⟵ߩዬ႐ᚲߥߤሽߒߥ߆ࠄߛ̈߇࠻ࡦࠤޕLear is mad̉ߣ⸒ߞߡࠆࠃ ߁ߦߦߐ߹ߪࠕޔߩ౨㗡߆ࠄ⁅᳇ߩ⁁ᘒߦࠆߩߛߪࠕޔߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦޕోߦࠊߚ ߞߡߩߎޔߦߒ߇ߺߟߡࠆߩߎޕ߳ߩ⇣Ᏹߥၫ⌕߇ߡߞߣߦࠕޔ᭽ߥޘ࿎㔍ߥ⁁ ᴫࠍ↢ߺߒ⚿ޔᨐ⊛ߦࠕߪᔀᐩ⊛ߦ⥄ಽࠍ⎕Ṍ߳ߣㅊ߿ߞߡࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ߘޕ ߎߢ߹ߕࠕ߇㒱ߞߚ⁅᳇ߣߪߥߩ߆߁ߤޔ⠨߃ࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ 㧞㧚 ⁅ޟ᳇ߩޠᱧผ⊛⸃㉼ ࡒ࠶ࠪࠚ࡞ࡈࠦߦࠃࠆߣ⁅ޔ᳇ߪઍߢߪ♖∛ߣหߓᗧߢ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡࠆ߇♖ޔ ∛ߣ߁ᔨߪᣂߒ߽ߩߢࠅ⁅ߪߢ߹ࠇߘޔ᳇ߪ∛᳇ߣ߁ࠞ࠹ࠧߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߡߥ߆ ߞߚ⁅ޔߪߡ߅ߦࡦ࠻ࡊޔߡߒߣߩߘޕ᳇ߣߪ㧨߇߆ࠅ㧪ߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᘒߢࠅੱ߇ޔ 㑆ߩᗧ⼂ࠍ⸰ࠇߚ㧨ߒࠆߒ㧪ߣ⠨߃ߡߚੱޕ㑆ߦߪޔℂᕈߢ⼂ߢ߈ߥ߽ߩࠍ⼂ߔࠆߚ ߩ⌒߇ᬀ߃ߟߌࠄࠇߡߡޔℂᕈࠍᄬߞߚ⁅ੱߦ߅ߡߪߩ⌒ߩߘޔ߈߇⚐☴ߦߥࠆߣ߁ߩ ߛߚ߹ޕฎઍ߆ࠄฎౖᤨઍ߹ߢߪ⁅ޔ⠪ߪߣޠߩ߽ߚࠇ߆ߟࠅߣޟ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡߚޕ⍮ࠄߧޔ ᤨߦߪਇศߥജ㧔ࠠࠬ࠻ᢎᕁᗐߢߪᖡ㝷㧕߇ౝㇱߦߺ⌕߈ޔ ઁޟ⠪ߦޠᄌりߔࠆ⁅ޕ᳇ߩߎߩ ․ᮭ⊛ߥ⟎⥄ࠅ߹ߟޔὼ⊛ߥ⁅᳇ⷰߪᤨࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޔઍ߹ߢ⛽ᜬߐࠇߡߚᤨࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޕ ઍߦ߅ߡߪ⁅ޔ᳇ߪੱ㑆ߩਛߦࠆߔߴߡߩᖡࠍᡰ㈩ߔࠆቝቮ⊛ߥࡆ࡚ࠫࡦࠍ߽ߟᒻ⽎ߛߞߚ ߩߛ࠻ࠬࠠޔߪࠇߎޕᢎ߇♖∔ᖚ߆ࠄߘߩੱ㑆⊛ߥᗧࠍᅓߥ߇ࠄ࠻ࠬࠠޔᢎቝቮߩౝ ㇱߢᓐߦ߭ߣߟߩ⟎ࠍਈ߃ߚߣ߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ ߒ߆ߒࡈࠦߪ㧝㧤♿ߦߥࠆߣ⥄ߚߒ߁ߎޔὼ⊛ߥ⁅᳇ⷰߣߒ⁅ޔ⠪ߪ⣕ቬᢎൻߒޔ 2 King Learにおける狂気の＜謎＞ 95 ߘߩ⥋㜞ߩ⢻ജࠍᅓࠊࠇߚຟࠇߥੱ㑆ߣߥߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ⸒ߞߡࠆ1⁅ߚߒ߁ߎޕ⠪ߩ ⟎ߠߌߪޔᓐߩᔨࡌ࡞ߢੱ㑆ൻߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߞߚ߇ޔหᤨߦᓐࠍ⇹ᄖߣ߁㕖ੱ㑆⊛ߥ ታ〣ߩ႐ߦㅍࠅㄟߎߣߢߞߚ⁅ޕ᳇ࠍࠆߩߪ␠ળߢࠅ⁅ޔ᳇ߪਥ߇⥄Ꮖߣ␠ળ߆ࠄ⇹ ᄖߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡߎߞߚߩߛޕวℂ⊛ᗧ⼂ߩ㜞߹ࠅߦࠃࠅ⁅ޔ᳇߇ᛕ್⊛ߦಽᨆߐࠇޔ ᓼᕈߣੱ㑆ᕈߣ߁ၮḰߦᾖࠄߒߡ⁅ޔ᳇ߣੱ㑆߇ಽᨆߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߩߎޕᗧ⼂ߪ⁅ޔ᳇ߩ ᖤ⊛ߢቝቮ⊛ߥ⚻㛎ࠍⷒ㓝ߒߚ⁅ޕ᳇ߪ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬᦼߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡߚ߽ߩߢߥߊߩ♖ޔ ∛ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߪࠦࡈޕฎౖਥ⟵ᤨઍ߇⁅ޔ᳇߇♖∛ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆᤨᦼߣ ߒߚߩߘߒ߆ߒޕᴦ≮ߪ⌀ߦߪ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡߥ߆ߞߚޕฎౖਥ⟵ᤨઍߢߪޔℂᕈߩฬߩ߽ߣߦޔ ⁅᳇߇㕖ℂᕈߣߒߡឃ㒰ߐࠇߚߩߛ2ޕ ࡈࠦ߇ߍߚࠍߡ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⁅ޔ᳇ߪᤨઍߦࠃߞߡ᭽ߥޘᄌൻࠍㄡߞߡࠆ߹ޕ ߚㄭᐕ߹ߢޔᔃℂቇ⊛ߦືޔቇ⊛ߦޔክ⟤⊛ߦ⁅᳇߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ߇⁅ޔ᳇߇ᜬߟᗧߩᄙ᭽ ᕈࠍ৻ߟߦ➙ߍࠆߎߣߪ߅߅ࠃߘਇน⢻ߦㄭߩߢߪߥ߆ߣᕁ߁ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ߪࠇߘޕᖤ ߩ႐วߩ⁅᳇߇߷ߔᓇ㗀ߣ༑ߩ႐วߢߪࠄ߆ߦ㆑߁ߎߣߦࠄߐޔᖤߩ႐วߦ㒢ߞߡߺߡ ߽ޔ⊓ߩޘ႐ੱ‛ߩ⁅᳇ߦ৻⽾ᕈ߇ሽߒߥߎߣ߆ࠄߚ߹ޔ࿁ขࠅߍߡࠆࠕߩ⁅᳇ ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽⁅ߩࠕޔ᳇ߩᄙ⟵ᕈ߆ࠄ⁅ޔ᳇ߩቯ⟵ࠍ⛔৻ߔࠆߎߣߪ㔍ߒߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޔߢߎߘޕ ߹ߕ᭽⁅ࠆߥ⇣ߦޘ᳇ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸃㉼ࠍ⠨ኤߒ⁅ߩߟ৻ޔ᳇ⷰߦߎߛࠊࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ᭽ⷞߥޘὐ ߆ࠄࠕߩ⁅᳇ߩ⻘ࠍ⠨߃ߡ߈ߚߣᕁ߁ޕ 㧟㧚⁅᳇ߩቯ⟵⸃㉼ ⁅ޟ᳇ޔߪ⪲⸒߁ߣޠO.E.D ߦࠃࠆߣޔ ̈suffering from mental disease; beside oneself, out of one¶s mind; insane,lunatic㧔㧝㧕 ̉ߣࠆޕᄢ╭ߩቯ⟵ߪߎߩᗧࠍᄖࠇࠆߎߣߪߥ߇ޔᄥฎᤨઍߩ⁅ޟ ᳇ⷰߣޠઍߩ⁅ޟ᳇ⷰߪޠᄌൻߒߡࠆߎߣߦᵈᗧߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ⁅ߪࠬ࠹ࠢࡐࡅޕ᳇ ࠍޔ The human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. Health is primarily that state in which these constituent substances are in correct proportion to each other, both in strength and quantity, and are well mixed. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with the others. 3 ߣቯ⟵ߒߡࠆߪࠇߎࠅ߹ߟޕᶧߩ㊂߇ဋ╬ߢߥߣߩ∩⧰߇ࠇߘޔේ࿃ߦߥࠆߣ߁ߎߣߦ ߥࠆޕᶧℂ⺰ߪ⁅ޔ᳇ࠍ⡺ߦሽߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃⁅ޔ᳇ߩේ࿃ࠍ⡺ߦߪߦࠄߐޔりߩ⺞ 1 2 3 Michel Foucault, Madness and civilization : a history of insanity in the Age of Reason; p.10. ෳᾖ Foucault, p.10-11. G. E. R. Lloyd ed., Hippocratic Writings. P.262. 3 96 Journal of the Faculty of Economics, KGU, Vol. 16, October 2006 ሶߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߛߣߒߚߩߛߩߎޕℂ⺰ߪฎౖᤨઍ߆ࠄ㧝㧣♿߹ߢ∛ޔ᳇ߦኻߔࠆ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ ৻⥸⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇߛߞߚޕᒰᤨߩක⠪ߩߪ∛ޔ᳇ߩ႐วߦᶧߩ㈩⟎ࠍ⸃⺒ߒࠍࠇߘޔၮߦᴦ ≮ࠍⴕߞߡߚᤨࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޕઍߦߥࠆߣ ߇ࡦ࠻ࡃ࠻ࡃࡠޔThe anatomy of melancholy ߩਛ ߢ⁅᳇ߦߟߡቯ⟵ઃߌߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ⁅ߩࡦ࠻ࡃߪ࠼࡞ࠤ࡞ࠨࡦࠞࡦ࠳ޕ᳇ߦߟߡޔ Madness is therefore defined to be a vehement dotage, or raving without a fever, far more violent than melancholy, full of anger and clamour, horrible looks, actions, gestures, troubling the patients with far greater vehemency both of body and mind, without all fear and sorrow, with such impetuous force & boldness, that sometimes three or four men cannot hold them.4 ߣ⸒ߞߡࠆ⥄ࡦ࠻ࡃߒ߆ߒޕり߽ߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ⁅ޔ᳇ߩ⒳㘃ࠍቯ⟵ߠߌࠆߎߣߪ㕖Ᏹߦ ࿎㔍ߥߎߣߥߩߛ⁅ߪࡦ࠻ࡃޔ߽ߩ߁ߣޕ᳇ߩᓽࠍ㗡ޔ⡺ޔᔃ᳇∝ߣ߁㧟⒳㘃ߦಽߌ ߡ⠨߃ߚ߇ߩߎޔ㧟⒳㘃ߪ৻ߟߕߟ⼂ߔࠆߩߪ࿎㔍ߢࠆߒޔߦⶄ㔀ߦࠅㄟߺ⁅ޔ᳇ߩ ቯ⟵ࠍᦌᤒߥ߽ߩߦߒߡࠆߣ߁㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡࠆޕ ࡈࡠࠗ࠻ߪޔㆊߩ⁅᳇ߪߩ♖ಽᨆߢ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ߣ߁㗴ߦ⌀ߞะ߆ࠄขࠅ⚵ࠎ ߛߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ߩ࠻࠶ࡓࡂߩ࠻ࠗࡠࡈߪࠇߘޕᕈᩰ್ᢿࠍࠛ࠺ࠖࡊࠬࠦࡦࡊ ࠶ࠢࠬߩ߆ࠄ⠨߃ߚߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠇ߫ࠄ߆ߢࠆޕᓐߦࠃࠇ߫♖∛ᖚ⠪ߪޔᅦᗐࠍ߽ ߣ߽ߣ⥄ᚒ߇ᄖ⊛⇇ߣ㑐ࠊࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓࠆⵚߌ⋡ߩⷒߣߒߡ↪ߡߡ߹ߟߪࠇߘޔ ࠅ⥄ಽߣⅣႺߣߩ㑐ଥߦᮮߚࠊࠆⵚߌ⋡߿ᢿ⛘ࠍㅢߓߡߜࠊߥߔޔήᗧ⼂߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆᅦᗐࠍઍ↪ ߔࠆⓨ㑆ࠍㅢߓߡ㑆ࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆߣ߁ߎߣߦߥࠆߪߦߎߘߒ߆ߒޕታ㓙ߩ⁅᳇ߩᔨߣᢥቇ ߩ⁅᳇ߩᔨߣߪߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪߥ߆ߣ߁⇼߇ᱷࠆ♖ޕಽᨆߪ⇣♖ޔᏱߦߟߡ ߩᢥቇࠍ⑼ቇ⊛ߦℂ⸃ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆ⑼ߩߎޕቇ⊛↪⺆߇ޔᢥቇߩ⊓႐ੱ‛ߩ♖⇣Ᏹ ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߦᨐߚߒߡㆡᒰߥߩߢࠈ߁߆ߦࠇߎޕኻߒߡߪ࠳ࠚࡈࡦࠕޔ Madness in Literature ߩਛߢࡈࡠࠗ࠻ߩ⸒⪲ߪޔනߦ⑼ቇ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ⽎ޔᓽ⊛ߥ⸒⪲߽ ߞߡࠆߩߢᢥቇߢ⺆ࠄࠇࠆ⁅᳇ߩ⸒⪲ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ㓙ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆߣߒޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒ߞߡ ࠆޕ In attempting to cover persistent and variable characteristics of actual as well as literary madness, I define madness as a state in which unconscious processes predominate over conscious ones to the extent that they control them and determine perceptions of and responses to experience«5 ࡈࡠࠗ࠻߿ࡈࠚ࠳ߩℂ⺰ߪ⁅ޔ᳇ߩᔨߪฎ᧪ߩ߽ߩߣߚߒߡᄌࠊߞߡ߅ࠄߕ⚻ߩ↢ޔ 㛎߆ࠄߘߩ⚻㛎ࠍᢥቇߦߒߚ߽ߩߦะߌࠄࠇߡࠆߛߌߢߥߊ⁅ޔ᳇ߦ㑐ࠊࠆㄭઍߩ⸒⺆߇㧞㧜 ♿ߩᔃℂቇߩ⸒⪲ߦࠃߞߡ߽ߞߣᱜ⏕ߦ⺑ߐࠇࠆߣ߁┙႐ࠍᜬߞߡࠆࠦࡈޔߒ߆ߒޕ 4 5 Duncan Salkeld, Madness and drama in the age of Shakespeare. P.26. Lillian Feder, Madness in Literature. P.5. 4 King Learにおける狂気の＜謎＞ 97 ߇ Madness and civilization ߩਛߢㅀߴߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ⁅ޔ᳇ߣ߁ᔨߪᱧผࠍㅢߒߡᄌൻߒߡ߈ ߡ߅ࠅ⁅ߩᦼࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޔ᳇ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕޔฎઍߩ⁅᳇ࠍઍߩ⁅᳇ߣหߓᔨߢ⠨߃ߡࠆὐߢ ⚊ᓧ߇߆ߥࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆޕᢥቇߩ⁅᳇ࠍኈᤃߦൻቇ↪⺆ߦォൻߔࠆߎߣߪ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬᦼߩ ⁅᳇⁅ߩࠕࡇࠬࠢࠗࠚࠪߪߦࠄߐޔ᳇ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߢෂ㒾ߥⴕὑߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆6◲ޕẖߦ⁅᳇ߩ ᱧผ⊛ቯ⟵ࠍ⠨ኤߒߡߺߚ߇ᧄޔⓂߢߪߎࠇࠄߩቯ⟵ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ⁅ޔ᳇ࠍ৻ߟߩℂ⺰ߢቯ⟵ߠߌ ߒߡߒ߹߁ߩߢߪߥߊߡ⁅ޔ᳇ߩᗧߔࠆ߽ߩ⁅ޔ᳇߇ࠕߦ߽ߚࠄߒߚ߽ߩࠍ⸃ߒߡߺߚޕ 㧠㧚ࠕߩ⁅᳇ ࡈࠦ߇ᜰ៰ߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ⁅ޔ᳇ߩ⸒⺆ߪ㐳ᢥൻߩᱧผࠍᜬߞߡࠆߚߩߘޕઍߦ ߅ߌࠆᧄᒰߩ᳇㆑߇߁⸒⪲ߣᢥቇߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇㆑߇߁⸒⪲ߩ㑐ଥߦࠄߐޔฎઍߩ⁅᳇ߣ ઍߩ⁅᳇ߪኈᤃߦߪኻᔕߢ߈ߥ㗴߇ࠆࠕࡇࠬࠢࠗࠚࠪߢߎߘޕߩ⊓႐ੱ‛ߚߜߩ⁅᳇ ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߚߦߪޔઍߩ⁅᳇ߣߩᏅ⇣ࠍ⠨߃ߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆߪࠦࡈޕᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᜰ៰ ߒߡࠆޕ We must try to return, in history, to that zero point in the course of madness at which madness is an undifferentiated experience, a not yet divided experience of division itself« What is originative is the caesura that establishes the distance between reason and non-reason«7 ߟ߹ࠅࡈࠦߪޔℂᕈߣ㕖ℂᕈߣߩ㑆ߦ〒㔌ࠍ⟎ߊߣ߁ޟᢿ⛘ࠍޠ㊀ⷞߒߚߣ߃ࠃ߁ࠪޕ ࠚࠗࠢࠬࡇࠕ߮หᤨઍߩኅߩߢߪޔੱߩෂᯏߪᄖߥߊᴦߩෂᯏߣ⚿߮ߟߡࠆޕ ᳇ߩ⁅ߞߚ₺ߢࠆࠕߪߎߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ߩᦨ߽㗼⪺ߥߣ⸒߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆޕ࿖₺ߣ߁┙႐ ࠍᄬߞߚࠕߩ⁅᳇ߪࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޔߦ߅ߌࠆᴦ⊛⪾⮮ߜࠊߥߔޔᒰᤨߩᴦߩ✕ᒛࠍߦߔ ࠆ⪾⮮ߩᢥ⣂ߦ߅ߡߒ߫ߒ߫↢ߓߡࠆ৻ࠬࡓࠗࠚࠫޕᤨઍߣ࠴ࡖ࡞࠭৻ᤨઍߩోᦼߦ ࠊߚߞߡ⁅ޔ᳇ߪ₺ᮭ߿ℂᕈࠍᅹኂߒޔ⎕უߔࠆ㓝༙ߣߒߡ⋉ޕߛߩߚߞߡࠇࠄ↪ޘ ࠪࠚࠗࠢࠬࡇࠕߩຠߢߪߦ․ޔᖤߦ㒢ߞߡߺࠆߣ⁅ޔ᳇ߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪᱫߦ⥋ࠆ⎕Ṍࠍ ߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁⁅ޕ᳇ߪዷ㐿߇⍦⋫ޔਇ⏕ታޔਇวℂߩዪ㕙ࠍㄫ߃ߚߣ߈ߦ↢ߓߡࠆޕ ᖤߢߪ⁅᳇ߪᱫߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢෂᯏࠍᒁ߈ߕߞߡߊ⁅ޕ᳇ߪ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬ⇇ߩᗧߒߡࠆ⛔ᴦ ߣℂᕈߩᄬ⪭ࠍ␜ߔߣ߁ุቯߩജࠍߟ߽៤߃ߡࠆޕ࿖₺ߣߒߡޔℂᕈࠍߞߡߚࠕߣޔ ߘߩ┙႐ࠍᄬߞߚߣߩ⁅᳇ߩࠕߩᆫߪⷰࠬࡦࠨࡀ࡞ޔቴ߆ࠄߔࠇ߫⁅ޔ᳇ࠍߔ⽎ߩ․⇣ ߥ✚ߛߞߚߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ࠍࠬࠕࠖ࠺ࡠࠢޔߢࠕࠦࡦࡔߪ࠻࠶ࡓࡂޔ߫߃ޕᲕኂ ߔࠆߚߦ⁅᳇ࠍⵝߞߡࠆ߇⚿ޔዪޔᓐߩᧃ〝ߦߪᱫ߇ᓙߜ߁ߌߡࠆޕ 6 7 Foucault, p.31. Foucault, p.9-10. 5 98 Journal of the Faculty of Economics, KGU, Vol. 16, October 2006 ࠺࠳ߪ⁅᳇ߦߟߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒ߞߡࠆޕ « madness is indeed, essentially and generally, silence, stifled speech, within a caesura and a wound that open up life as historicity in general«8 ࠺࠳ߦߣߞߡ⁅᳇ߣߪޔℂᕈ߆ࠄ✦ߐࠇߚઁޟ⠪ޠ ߜࠊߥߔޔℂᕈߩน⢻ᕈߘߩ߽ߩࠍᒁ߈ ߔᏅ⇣ߛߣਥᒛߒߡࠆޕℂᕈߪߘߩઁ⠪ߢࠆ⁅᳇ߣߪኻߦ⊕ߦ⊒⸒ߒⴕޔേߒߡࠆޕ ߃߫ޔ㑧߇శߩᰳᅤߢࠅޔ㕒߇㖸ߩᰳᅤߢࠆࠃ߁ߦ⁅ޔ᳇ߪℂᕈߩᰳᅤߢࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ ߩߛ⁅ߚߩߘޕ᳇ߪቢోߦℂᕈߩ㗔ၞߢࠆ⸒⺆߆ࠄᔅὼ⊛ߦ✦ߐࠇߚߎߣߦߥࠆ⁅ޕ᳇ ࠍᔨൻߒߚ⍍㑆ߦ⁅᳇ߪℂᕈߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߩߢ⁅ޔ᳇ߩᴉ㤩ߛߌ߇ߣ⺆⸒ޔℂᕈࠍน⢻ߦߔ ࠆ⸒⺆ߢߪߢ߈ߥᏅ⇣ߣߒߡሽߒ߃ࠆߩߛ⚿ޕᨐߦࠕࡇࠬࠢࠗࠚࠪߪ࠳࠺ޔ㒢ࠄߕޔ ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬߦߪ⁅᳇߇ሽߒߥߎߣࠍ⸒ߒߡࠆ߇ࠆߢߩ߽ߚࠇ߆ᦠߡోߪࠇߘޕߦޔ ℂᕈߣ߁ࡠࠧࠬߦࠃߞߡᦠ߆ࠇߡࠆߩߢߩߘޔ⍍㑆⁅ޔ᳇ߪ⁅᳇ߢߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹߁ޕ 㧡㧚ൻߩ̈thou art an 0̉ߣ߁บ⹖ ࠕ߇ࠧࡀ࡞ߩࡦࠟޔੑੱߩᆷߦߥ߇ߒࠈߦߐࠇࠍᦸ⛘ޔᗵߓߡࠆ႐㕙ߢߩࠕߣ ൻߣߩળߪᵈ⋡ߦ୯ߔࠆޕ LEAR: Does any here know me? Why, This is not Lear. Does Lear walk thus? speak thus? Where are his eyes? Either his notion weakens, or his discernings are lethargied ± Ha! sleeping or waking? Sure µTis not so. Who is it that can tell me who I am? FOOL: Lear¶s shadow. LEAR: I would learn that, for by the marks of sovereignty, knowledge and reason« (1.4.217-224) ߎߎߦߪੑੱߩࠕ߇ሽߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁ߪࠇߘޕℂᕈߣ߁⸒⪲ࠍ↪ߡࠆޟ࿖₺ࠕޠ ߣޔൻ߇ᓇᴺᏧߛߣ⸒ߞߚ⁅ޟ᳇ߩࠕޕࠆߢޠ ̈This is Lear̉ߪ೨⠪ߦ⸒߇ࠕߢߎߎޔ ߒߡࠆ̈This is not Lear̉ߪᓟ⠪ߦᒰߡߪ߹ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡࠃߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ౨㗡ߦ߽ㅀߴ ߚࠃ߁ߦߪࠕޔᮭജಽᜂߦࠃߞߡ⁅ࠍࠄ⥄ޔ᳇߳ߣ⾇ߡࠆߩߛޕ ̈for by the marks of sovereignty,/ knowledge and reason̉ߣࠕ߇⸒ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦߪࠕޔℂᕈ ߩઍ⠪⊛ሽߢࠆߦ᜔߽ࠄߕޔኾਥ⟵ߩਛߢߩ⥄ಽߩࠍᮭജಽᜂߦࠃߞߡᝥߡߞ 8 Jacques Derrida, Writing and difference. P.54. 6 King Learにおける狂気の＜謎＞ 99 ߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߪ⁅ޔ᳇ߩⴕએᄖߩ⠪ߢ߽ߥ⁅ߪࠕߒ߆ߒޕ᳇ߦߥߞߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ↱⥄ޔ ࠍᚻߦࠇࠆߪߢ߹ޕ࿖₺ߣ߁┙႐ޔℂᕈ⊛ߥ┙႐߆ࠄ߇ߣߎࠆߔ⸒⊒ߦ↱⥄ߪࠕޔ᧪ ߕߩࠇࠄ❈߫ࠊޔりߢߞߚ⁅ޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ᳇ߦߥߞߚࠕߪℂᕈ⊛ߥੱ߆ࠄߪ⠨߃ࠄࠇߥ ࠃ߁ߥ⊒⸒ࠍᄙޔࠅ߹ߟޕࠆߡߒޘℂᕈ߆ࠄㅺ⣕ߒߚࠕߦߪ⁅ޔ᳇ߒ߆ⴕ߈⌕ߊ႐ᚲ߇ߥ߆ ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆߩߛߪࠕ߽ߢࠇߘޕኾਥ⟵⠪ߣߒߡߚ߹ޔℂᕈ⊛ߥ࿖₺ߩ┙႐ࠍขࠅᚯߘ ߁ߣߒߡޔએ೨ߦᔃߦᛴߡߚℂᗐ⊛ߥᧂ᧪ߩ⥄ಽߣߩℂᕈ߆ࠄ〯ߺᄖࠇߚ⥄ಽߣߩ㑆ߢ ⥄ಽߩᆫࠍᄬߞߡࠆޕ࿖₺ߩ┙႐ࠍᄬߞߡߥ߅⥄ޔりߦᓥ⠪ࠍᄢߟߌࠃ߁ߣߔࠆࠕߪޔ ߆ߟߡߩ࿖₺ߢߞߚ߽ߩ߇߽ߪ߿࿖₺ߩᡰ㈩ߩ߫ߥ⇇ߢ₺ߦߟߎ߁ߣߒߡࠆߦㆊ߉ ߥࠃ߁ߦᗵߓߡߥࠄߥߩߎߩࠕޕᆫߪ⁁ࠆߡߒੂߊ߆߇♖ޔᘒߢࠅ⌀ޔታࠍ၂㑆 ࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆ߇ࡦ࠻ࡊ߫ࠊޔਥᒛߒߚ㧨߇߆ࠅ㧪⊛⁁ᘒߢࠆߣ߁ࠃࠅߪߒࠈ⌀ޔ ታߣ⯯னޔℂᕈߣ⁅᳇߇ࠍήߊߒߡࠆ⥄ಽ⥄りߩ⁁ᴫߦ߽߇߈⧰ߒࠎߢࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ ߁߆ޕ ⁅᳇ߦߥߞߚࠕࠍߡޔൻߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒߁ޕ FOOL: Thou wast a pretty fellow when thou hadst no need to care for her frowning. Now thou art an O without a figure; I am better than thou art now. I am a fool, thou art nothing. (1.4.182-185) ߢߪൻߪߥߗࠕߩߎߣࠍ̈0̉ߛߣ⸒ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ߪߦࠇߘޕ᭽ߥޘℂ↱߇ࠆߣᕁ߁╙ޕ ৻ߦ⁅᳇ߦߥߞߚࠕߪࠍޔりߦ⌕ߌߡߥ⡺ߘߩ߽ߩߩᆫࠍߖࠆߎߣߢ⁅᳇ࠍߒ ߡࠆߩࠕߪޕ࿖₺ᕈࠍߔ⽎ᓽߢࠅࠍࠇߘޔ⣕ߋߎߣߦࠃߞߡߪࠕޔ࿖₺ߣ߁ᮭ ᆭࠆਥᕈࠍ␜ߔᮭജࠍ⥄ࠄขࠅߞߡࠆߩߛ⥄ࠕߪࠇߎޕりߩ⁅᳇ࠍߦߐࠄߔߎߣߢޔ ⥄り߇⁅᳇ߦ㒱ߞߡࠆߎߣࠍᅤታߦߒߡ߅ࠅߪࠕޔൻߣߣ߽ߦ♖⇣Ᏹߩりߢ⥄↱ߢ ࠆߣ߁ߎߣࠍᗧߒߡࠆޕ࿖₺ߩᮭജࠍᄬߞߚࠕߪήജߥሽߢࠅߪࠇߎޔᢥሼㅢࠅ̈0̉ ߩሽߣߥߞߡࠆߩߛࠄ⥄ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎ߁➙ࠍࠇ߈ࠈ߷ߪࠕޕ࿖₺ߣߒߡߩᮭࠍุߒ ߡࠆޕ᳇ߩ⁅ߞߚࠕߪޔ⍦⋫ߒߚⴕὑߣ߷ࠈ߈ࠇࠍ߹ߣߞߚ㉛ᆫߣ߁⽎ߦࠃߞߡ⥄ޔ ࠄߩ࠽ࡦࡦࠬߐࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ ࠕ߇࿖₺ߣ߁ࠍ߉ขࠄࠇ⁅ޔ᳇ߩᦨਛߦޔ፲ߦะ߆ߞߡ⥄ࠄߩᕁࠍต߱߇ߩߘޔ ⸒⪲ߔߴߡ߇ⓨߒߐࠍᗵߓߑࠆࠍᓧߥⴕߩߎޕὑߪ㓏⚖ᕈߦࠃࠆ␠ળ⒎ᐨࠍߕ⥄ޔり߇⥄ ↱ߩりߢࠆߎߣࠍት⸒ߒߡࠆߣ߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ޔ߇ࠕޕ LEAR: Through tattered clothes great vices do appear; Robes and furred gowns hide all. (4.6.160-161) 7 100 Journal of the Faculty of Economics, KGU, Vol. 16, October 2006 ߣ⥄ࠄㅀߴߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔりࠍ൮ߚߦੱ߇⌕ߡࠆࠍ⣕߉ᝥߡࠆߎߣߪ␠ޔળ߆ࠄߩㅺ ⣕ࠍࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ⁅ޔ᳇ߢߥੱ߆ࠄࠆߣߩߘߪࠇߘޔりࠍṌ߷ߔ߽ߩ⥄߫߃⸒ߣߞ߽ޔ Ვ⊛ⴕὑߥߩߛ⁅ޕ᳇ߩࠕߪᮭജࠍᄬߞߡߒ߹߁ߣޔ⡺⊛ሽߘߩ߽ߩ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߎߩߘޔ ߣߪ␠ળ⊛ᓎഀࠍߔߞ߆ࠅᄬߞߡߒ߹ߞߚⓨ⯯ߥሽ̈ࠅ߹ߟޔ0̉ߩሽߛߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇᧪ ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕൻ߇㧝᐀㧠႐ߢࠕߦኻߒߡޔ ޟߦ߽ߥ߽ߩࠍߣ߆ߢ߈ߥߩ߆ޠ ߣߚߕߨߚ㓙ߦ߽ߣࠎߥޔޟߪࠕޔ᧪ߧߥޕߦ߽ߥߌࠇ߫ߦ߽ߥࠄߧޕ ߚߞ⸒ߣޠบ ⹖߇ߦߐ߹ޔᏆߩ̈0̉ߩሽࠍᜰߒ␜ߒߡࠆߩߪ⊹ߣࠎߥޔ⡺ߥߎߣߢࠈ߁߆ޕ 㧢㧚⚿߮ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ physical ߥ┙႐߆ࠄ⁅᳇ⷰ߇࠳࠺߿ࠦࡈࠅ߹ߟޔឭ໒ߔࠆ⁅ޟ᳇ޔߢ㉼⸃ߩޠ ⁅ࠆߌ߅ߦޢ₺ࠕޡ᳇ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߣ⁅ޔ᳇ߦ㒱ߞߚࠕߩᱫߪᢥሼㅢࠅ̈Ỏ ⯯ࠅ߹ߟޔήߥ߽ ߩߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁ޔߦ߁ࠃࠆߡ߽ࠦࡈߒ߆ߒޕฎઍߩ⁅᳇ߣઍߩ ⁅᳇ߪ◲නߦߪኻᔕߢ߈ߥ㗴ߢࠆޔ߫߃⸒ߣߞ߽ޕphysical ߥ┙႐߆ࠄࠆ⁅᳇ߣᢥቇߩ fiction ߢࠆ⁅᳇ߣߪోߊߩ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ ߥ߁ࠃߚ߈ߡߢ߹ࠇߎޕphysical ߥ⁅ޟ᳇ⷰޠ ߢߪߩ‛ੱ߁ߣࠕޔஉᄢߐࠍᶖߒߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߦߥࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ ࠅ߹ߟޕphysical ߥ ߆ࠄߩ⁅᳇ߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߩ߽ߩߢࠅ⯯ߪࠕޔήߩሽߦߒ߆ߥࠅᓧߥࠢࠗࠚࠪߒ߆ߒޕ ࠬࡇࠕߩ⽎ߒߚ⁅᳇ޔᢥቇߩ⽎ߔࠆ⁅᳇ߪߩࠕߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔᱫߩࠕޔήࠍ᳇㜞߽ߩߦߒ ߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ޕ CLࡃࡃߪޔShakespeare¶s Festive Comedy ߦ߅ߡࠕࡇࠬࠢࠗࠚࠪޔߩ⁅᳇߇ߩᜬ ߟືቇ⊛ߥജߦነਈߢ߈ࠆߣ߁น⢻ᕈࠍ⺑ߡࠆ9⁅ࠅ߹ߟޕ᳇ߪℂᕈߣኻ┙ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ ৻⒳ߩఝࠇߚℂᕈߩ߈ޔᄤᚽߦㄭ♖⇣Ᏹߣߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇⁁ߩߘޔᘒߦ߅ߡߎߘ᥉ㅢ ߪ㓝ߐࠇߡࠆ⌀ታ߇ᛠីߐࠇࠆߩߛߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆߦࠕ߇ࠕࡇࠬࠢࠗࠚࠪߪ࠳ࠚࡈޕ ߅ߡ⁅᳇ߦ㒱ߞߚᔃߩේဳࠍࠅߍߚߣ⸒ߞߡࠆߪ࠳ࠚࡈޕ᳇ߩ⁅ߞߚࠕߩ⚻㛎ߩ ⶄ㔀ᕈࠍ⺑ߔࠆߚߦ⁅ߩ࠳࠺߿ࠦࡈޔ᳇ⷰߣߪ㆑ߞߡࠍࠕޔᷙੂߐߖߡੱߣߒߡߩ ሽℂ↱ࠍ፣ߔਇޔᙍᔶޔᕟᔺࠍ❫⚦ߥᗵฃᕈߦࠃߞߡࠕߩ⁅᳇ࠍ⸃ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ⚳ᦨޕ ⊛ߦࡈࠚ࠳ߪߦߺߒ⧰ߪࠕޔḩߜߚੱ↢ߩ゠〔ࠍ␜ߔ߇ࠍ〔゠ߩߘޔㄡࠅߥ߇ࠄᔃ߇ߘࠇ ⥄りߩᱡࠎߛ⁁ᘒߢ⌀ታߦ᳇ߠ߈ోޔ⢻ߩߩᆫࠍ߅߷ࠈߍߥ߇ࠄឬߡޔᱫࠍࠇߥੱ㑆ߩ ߅ߦ⺰ޢ₺ࠕޡ ㆇߩ㒢⇇ࠍ⼂ߒߚߩߛߣߩ⚿⺰ߦ⥋ߞߡࠆ10ߩ࠳ࠚࡈߩߎޕਥᒛߪޔ ߌࠆቯ⺑ߦߥߞߡࠆ⁅ߥ߁ࠃߚ߈ߡߢ߹ࠇߎޔߪߢ⺑ߩߎߒ߆ߒޕ᳇ߩᱧผߩ․⇣ᕈࠍ⠨ ᘦߒߡߥߎߣߦߥࠆߒ⁅ޔ᳇ߩᗧ߇৻ߟߩቯ⟵ߦㅊ߿ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦᗵߓߡ ߒ߹߁ޕ ߢߪ⁅ߩࠕޔ᳇ߩ㧨⻘㧪ߦߟߡߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ⠨߃ࠇ߫ࠃߛࠈ߁߆ޕPhysical ߥ߆ࠄ 9 10 C. L. Barber, Shakespeare¶s Festive Comedy. P.162 ෳᾖޕ Feder, p.146. 8 King Learにおける狂気の＜謎＞ 101 ࠕߩ⁅᳇ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߣߩࠕޔ᳇㜞ߐ߇ᶖ߃ߡߒ߹⁅ߦ߁ࠃߩ࠳ࠚࡈޔ᳇ߩᗧࠍ৻⟵ ⊛ߦߒߡߒ߹߁ߣߩࠦࡈޔឭ໒ߔࠆ⁅᳇ߩᱧผ⊛ᄙ⟵ᕈ߇⠨ᘦߐࠇߥߎߣߦߥࠆߢߎߎޕ ⑳߇ឭ໒ߒߚߩ߇⁅ߩࠕޔ᳇ࠍ physical ߥ߆ࠄߣᢥቇ⊛ޔਔ㕙߆ࠄ⠨ኤߒߡߺߡߪ ߤ߁߆ߣ߁ߎߣߛߩࠞࡔࠕޕᔃℂቇ⠪ࠞ࡞ࡠࠫࡖࠬߪ⥄ࠇࠊࠇࠊޔり߇ᗧ⼂ߒߡࠆ ⥄ಽ⥄りߩߎߣࠍ self-concept(⥄Ꮖᔨ)ߣࠎߛ ߩߎߡߒߘޕself-concept ߇⹏ߩੱઁޔଔߦၮߠ ߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߡࠆޕ౨㗡ߢߩᮭജ⼑ᷰ⋥ᓟߩࠕߪޔᮭജ᭴ㅧߦ❈ࠄࠇ⥄ޔ りߩ self-concept ߇⥄ಽߪ Royal ߥ⟎ߦࠆߩߛߣ⠨߃ߡࠆߎߣߦߥࠆࠬࡖࠫࡠߦࠄߐޕ ߪ⥄ੱߩࠇߙࠇߘޔり߇ࠆⴕേࠍߒߚߣ߈ߦᗵߓࠆਥⷰ⊛ታࠍ the experiencing(ᯏ⊛㛎)ߣ ߮ޔself-concept ߣ the experiencing ߇৻⥌ߒߡࠇ߫ࠆ߶ߤੱޔ㑆ߪᔃℂ⊛ߦᔟㆡߥ⁁ᘒߦ ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ߇⥄ߒ߽ޔಽ߇ᧄᒰߦ⚻㛎ߒߡࠆߎߣߣ self-concept ߇৻⥌ߒߥߣޔ maladjustment(ਇㆡᔕ⁁ᘒ)ߦ㒱ࠆߣ⺰ߓߡࠆᧄޕⓂߩ 5 ┨ߢᒁ↪ߒߚࠕߩ 1 ᐀ 4 ႐ߢߩบ ⹖ޔ ̈This is not Lear̉ ߣ߁ᖤ∩ߥต߮ࠍࠊߔߎߩบ⹖ࠍࡠࠫࡖࠬߩℂ⺰ࠍ୫ࠅߡ⸒߃߫ޔ ̈this̉ߪ the experiencing ߦ̈ޔLear̉ߪ self-concept ߦ⋧ᒰߒߡࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߩߘޕੑߟߩ⁁ᘒ ߇̈not̉ߢุቯߐࠇߡࠆ ߪࠇߎࠅ߹ߟޕself-concept ߣ the experiencing ߇৻⥌ߒߡߥ⁁ᘒޔ maladjustment ߦ㒱ߞߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ↢߹ࠇߚ⸒⪲ߛߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߛޕ ৻ᣇߢᧄޔⓂߩ౨㗡ߢ߽ߍߚࠕ߇ᕷ⛘߃ࠆ⋥೨ߩบ⹖ߪ ߇ࠕޔmaladjustment ߩ⁁ᘒߦ ࠆߣߪߣߡ߽ᕁ߃ߥ ̈ޕPray you, undo this button: Thank you, Sir̉ߣ⸒߁ Lear ߪޔߒߡ⯯ή⊛ ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߪߕߛޕLear ߪ̈unbutton̉ߒޔᮭജߦ❈ࠄࠇߡߚ⥄ಽߦ᳇ߠ߈⥄ޔಽߩᗱ߆ߐ ߦ᳇ߠߚߎߣߢޔᣂߒੱ㑆ߦ↢߹ࠇᄌࠊߞߡࠆߩߛޕᖤߣߪ৻⥸⊛ߦߪޔਥੱ߇ᖤᗌ ߥᦨᦼࠍㆀߍࠆߎߣࠍᜰߔߒ߆ߒޕᄢߥߩߪޔਥੱߩ⎕Ṍߘߩ߽ߩࠃࠅ߽ޔ⎕Ṍߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ ߦᓐ߇ౝ⊛ਥ⊛ߦ⚻㛎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ޔᖤࠍᖤߚࠄߒߡࠆⷐ⚛ߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߥߩ ߛޕLear ߪᮭജߦ❈ࠄࠇޔself-concept ߣ the experiencing ߩਇ৻⥌ߢ maladjustment ߦ㒱ߞߚ߇ޔ ̈unbutton̉ߔࠆߎߣߢᣂߚߥੱ㑆ߦ↢߹ࠇᄌࠊߞߚߩߛ̈ޕunbutton̉ߪޔLear ߩ self-concept ߣ the experiencing ࠍ৻⥌ߐߖࠆ߽ߩߛߞߚߩߛޕ 1 ᐀ 4 ႐ߢޔൻߪ⏕߆ߦࠕߩߎߣࠍ̈thou art an Ỏߛߣ⸒ߞߚ߇ޔ ̈Now̉ߣ⸒߁⸒⪲ࠍઃ ߌߡࠆߪࠕޕᓥ⠪߇ࡠߦߥࠅޔᗲᆷࠦ࠺ࠕߩ↢߇ࡠߦߥࠅ♖ߩࠄ⥄ߡߒߘޔ፣ უߦࠃࠅࡠߦߥߞߚᦨߒ߆ߒޕೋߩࠕߩบ⹖ߩᒁ↪ߦ߽ߍߚࠃ߁ߦᦨ߇ࠕޔᓟߦᱫࠍㄫ ߃ࠆߣ߈ޔᢥሼㅢࠅࠕߩሽ߇ࡠ⯯ࠅ߹ߟޔήߥ߽ߩߦߥߞߚߣߪᕁ߃ߥߩࠕߪࠇߘޕ ⁅᳇߇ࠪࠚࠗࠢࠬࡇࠕߩਛߢഃㅧߐࠇߚ fiction ߢࠅ⁅ߩߘޔ᳇ߪ⁅᳇ߣ߁⸒⪲ࠍ߃ߡᚒޘ ߩరߦ߿ߞߡߊࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ޕ ߎࠇߪ physical ߥ߆ࠄߛߌߢߪ㆐ߒᓧߥᢥቇ⽎ߩ 㝯ജߛߣ⸒߃ࠆߢࠈ߁ޕൻ߇̈Now thou art an Ỏߣ⸒ߞߡࠆߩߪߩࠕޔᦼᦨߩࠕޔᱫ ߇ߒߡ⯯ήߥ߽ߩߦߪߥࠄߥߎߣࠍ⍮ߞߡߚ߆ࠄߛߣ⠨߃ߡߺߡ߽⦟ߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁ ߆ޕ ࠕߩਛߦ߅ߌࠆᄌൻࠍޔ physical ⊛ߣᢥቇ⊛߆ࠄ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣߢޔ ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ ̈This is not Lear̉߆ࠄޔThis is Lear ߦᄌࠊࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ Lear ߩᆫࠍࠆߎߣ߇᧪ࠆߩߛޕ 9 102 Journal of the Faculty of Economics, KGU, Vol. 16, October 2006 Works Cited Carl R. Rogers and Rosalind F. Dymond, Psychotherapy and personality change : co-ordinated research studies in the client-centered approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press , 1954. C. L. Barber, Shakespeare¶s Festive Comedy. Guildford: Princeton University Press, 1972. Duncan Salkeld, Madness and drama in the age of Shakespeare. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993. G. E. R. Lloyd ed., Hippocratic Writings. Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1983. Jacques Derrida, Writing and difference ; translated, with an introduction and additional notes by Alan Bass. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1978. Lillian Feder, Madness in Literature. Guildford: Princeton University Press, 1983. Michel Foucault, Madness and civilization : a history of insanity in the Age of Reason; translated from the French by Richard Howard. London: Tavistock Publications, 1971. - - - , Discipline and punish : the birth of the prison ; translated from the French by Alan Sheridan. New York : Vintage Books, 1979. Robert Burton, The anatomy of melancholy ; text edited by Thomas C. Faulkner, Nicolas K. Kiessling, Rhonda L. Blair. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Rogers Carl R. and Dymond Rosalind F. Psychotherapy and personality change : co-ordinated research studies in the client-centered approach. Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1954. Rogers Carl R. Client-centered therapy : its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston : Houghton Mifflin , 1951. Sigmund Freud, The interpretation of dreams ; translated by Joyce Crick ; with an introduction and notes by Ritchie Robertson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Stephen Greenblatt, Renaissance self-fashioning: from More to Shakespeare. Chicago : University of Chicago Press,1980. 10
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