ISSN 1348-0154 Bulletin ᵥۥ౪༔౫ሰᅠ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ‒ Ⴘ‒ ‒ ഏ‒ ‒ ‒ ཎⴭㄽᩥ ࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞ࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟య ̿▷⦅ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࠖࢆ୰ᚰ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Ⳣ ཎ ⚈ 5 Kambala’s SƗdhananidhi ⃬Critical Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts of Chapters from 4 to 7㺃㺃㺃 Tsunehiko Sugiki 19 ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࡅࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ ̿ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢ 3<3 ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᴫᛕࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗయ⣔ࡍࡿ‽ഛ ࡢࡓࡵࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᮧ ඞ 㑻 47 ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ ̿ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂྥࡅ࡚̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᭹ 㒊 ୍ ᯞ ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ 75 ᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞⟶ᡴᴦჾᣦᑟἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ 㡢ᴦᤵᴗ㐃ᦠࡋࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡉࢀࡓຠ⋡ⓗ⟶ᡴᴦჾᩍ⫱᪉ἲ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ▼ ⏣ ಟ ୍ 95 ᮏᏛᏛ⏕ࡢ㌟య⤌ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㧗 ᶫ ᪩ ⱑ 127 ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᑎ ᮏ ጁ Ꮚ 137 ᑎ ᮏ ጁ Ꮚ 143 ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ㛵㐃せᅉ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Applied Linguistics: Effective Learning Pedagogical Strategies and Edge of Civic and Citizen Education Sociolinguistics: Curriculum Design The Cutting ⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦ Hirona Matayoshi 155 A Linguistic Analysis of the Era of Violence in African American Spirituals, Jazz, & Blues - Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education through the Language War 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Hirona Matayoshi 179 ࡑࡢ International Exchange with Soochow University 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Elizabeth J. Lange 203 Victor Gorshkov Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗࡢ㟁Ꮚ₯ࡴ㝗✶ ̿◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢどⅬࡽ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࢆッ࠼ࡿ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 209 ℧ ᕝ ಟ ࿃ ⩻ヂ ࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ࣮ࠗࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᘵத࠸࠘ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 290 㜿 㒊 㞝 ୍ ཎⴭㄽᩥ ᒸᮏࡢᏊࠕᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟࠖὠᓥభᏊࠕཔᏊ⋤ࠖ ̿ࠑḷᯖࠒⓗᛶ᱁ࢆどᗙ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 బࠎᮌ ࡉ ࡼ 307 ᩍ⫱◊✲ᴗ⦼୍ぴ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 308 THE BULLETIN OF KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY No.15 ‒ Contents Original Article ⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus” 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sho Sugawara 5 ࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗᡂᑵἲࡢⶶᗜ࠘̿➨ 㹼 ❶ࡢࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜࢵࢺㄒ࣭ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒᰯゞࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᮡᮌᜏᙪ 19 Note ⃯The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” of Hegel ⃬As preparations to systematize “concepts” used in the PYP of International Baccalaureate, I will understand “the judgement theory” by focusing on the role of "Particular”. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Katsurou Kitamura 47 Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology ̿A study of Nurturing Practical Teaching Abilitiesʊ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Kazue Hattori 75 Report A Study on the Effective Teaching Method of Wind and Percussion Instruments at Elementary schools. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Shuichi Ishida 95 A study on the body composition of the students of Kaichi International University 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sanae Takahashi 127 Psychoeducational program for promoting attitude toward nurturing the next generation in lifelong learning course. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Taeko Teramoto 137 Factors related to active learning in primary and secondary education. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Taeko Teramoto 143 ᛂ⏝ゝㄒᏛ㸸ຠᯝⓗᏛ⩦࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢸࣈ㺃 ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗᡓ␎࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛタィ ̿᭱ඛ➃ࡢᕷẸᩍ⫱බẸᩍ⫱̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣 155 ♫ゝㄒᏛ㸸ࣇ࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࣜ࢝ࣥࢫࣆࣜࢳࣕࣝࠊࢪࣕࢬࣈ࣮ࣝࢫࡢ୰࡛ࡢࠊᭀຊ௦ ࡢゝㄒศᯒ ̿ゝㄒᡓதࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢࢩࣅ࣭ࣝࢡࢩࣙࣥຠᯝⓗ࡞࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢸࣈᕷẸ බẸᩍ⫱̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣 179 Others ⸽ᕞᏛࡢᅜ㝿ὶ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ࣛࣥࢠ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ, J ࢦࣝࢩࢥࣇ ࣅࢡࢺࣝ 203 Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with computerization of the working process in scholarly publication. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Shugo Takigawa 209 Translation Franz Grillparzer: Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg. Japanische Übersetzung mit einem Nachwort 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Yuichi Abe 290 Original Article Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tǀkaidǀ and Ynjko Tsushima’s Zushiǀ 㸫Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet Perspective㸫 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sayo Sasaki Results of Educational Research 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 307 308 5 ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ Ҿᓸᛯ૨ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳‒ ⃬⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬⃬‒‒ ᓌҾ‒ ᅙ‒ 1 ․• ɭኔࢸҞ↝∃∞∏∙⇯⇁ˊᘙↈ↺˺ܼ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↞⅚ᐯ៲↝˺Լ↝ɶ↖ɟᝦↆ↕ʴ ᧓↝ᛐჷ↝բ᫆⅚↗↹↾ↀྸᚐɧᏡ↙Ⅴ˂ᎍⅥ⇁Э↚ↆ⇙∙⇥⇕⇮↝ӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋ↕ↆݑ ⅼ˺ܼ↖ⅱ↺⅛ↂⅵↆ−∆↝բ᫆᧙࣎↞⅚ྵˊ↝ٶⅾ↝ᅈ˟ܖႎբ᫆⅚̊ⅷ↟ᛐჷၐधᎍ↝ ⇗⇈↝ྵ↚↘↙ئⅹↀ↺ʼᜱᎍ⃫ᘮʼᜱᎍ↝Ⴛʝྸᚐ↝բ᫆↙↘⇁ᎋⅷ↺ᨥ↚ٶⅾ↝ᅆՐ⇁ɨⅷ ↕ⅾ↻↺↱↝↖ⅱ↺⅛‒ ‒ ஜᆜ↞ↂⅵↆᚇໜⅺ↸⅚⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↝ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ӕ↹ɥↁ⅚ྸᚐɧӧᏡ ↙⇁נ܍ⅤӖܾↈ↺Ⅵ↗ⅳⅵↂ↗↝ӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋⅷ↺⅛ Ⅶ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ↚ⅹⅳ↕ཎࣉႎ↙↝↞⅚ ↂ↚ႇ↺ↈئ∓∂⇩⇮ⅻ↭↺↖ᎊᘛↆ⅚ᛐჷၐ⇁ध→ᎊʴ↖ⅱ↺ⅺ↝↷ⅵ↚੨ⅺ↻↕ⅳ↺ ↗ⅳⅵↂ↗↖ⅱ↹⅚ɼʴπ↖ⅱ↺⇺∑⇕⇟↞⅚ⅵↆ∓∂⇩⇮↝Ⅴ↭↭↙↸↙ⅳⅥ៲˳↚ↆݣ ↕˴↸ⅺ↝ࣖሉ⇁˷Β↙ⅾↄ↻↺⅛ஜᆜ↞⅚ↂⅵↆ−∆˺Լ↚ⅹↀ↺ɧᐯဌ↙˂ᎍ↝៲˳⇁Э ↚ↆʴ᧓↝ᝧ˓⃫ࣖሉӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋⅷ↺ↂ↗↖⅚ʼᜱ↚ϋࠎ↺ↈנஓ↗ᩊ⇁ਦઇↈ↺⅛‒ äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆‒ Ⅶ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ‒ ⁅‸‒ ‒ ᛐჷၐ‒ ‒ ∓∂⇩⇮‒ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ≀ㄒ࠘ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᨾ㞀ࡋࡓᶵᲔࠖ ࡣᚎࠎே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆၥ࠺ࡼ 20 ୡ⣖ࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿసᐙࡢ 1 ே࡛࠶ ࡅࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࠾࠸࡚⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢ ࡿࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࡢࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ≀ ከࡃࡢసရࡀࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖࠕே㛫ࠖࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ ㄒ࠘ 㸦௨ୗࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘␎グ㸧(1)ࡣࠊࡑࡢࢱࢺ 㢟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࠋ ࣝࡀ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾࠊᏱᐂ㣕⾜ࣃࣟࢵࢺࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࢆ SF సᐙ࣒ࣞࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞㢟ࡀࠊࠗࢯࣛࣜࢫ࠘ ேබࡋࡓ 10 ࡢ୰▷⦅ࡽ࡞ࡿ㐃స▷⦅㞟࡛ Solaris㸦1961㸧ࠗኳࡢኌ࠘Gãos Pana㸦1968㸧࡞ ࠶ࡿࠋேබ࡛࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣⱝ࠸カ⦎⏕ࡽࢫ ࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓసရ ࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊࡸࡀ࡚࿘ᅖࡽᑛᩗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊ ࣃࣟࢵࢺᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡶࠊᙼ ࡾࢃࡅࠊே㛫ࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ␗㉁࡞ࠕ⪅ࠖ┦ᑐ ࡀసရෆ࡛㐼㐝ࡍࡿ௳ࡶ」㞧ࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡋࡓࡢே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ຊࡸ⌮ࡢ㝈⏺ࢆᥥࡁฟࡍ ࣮ࣘࣔ࢘ࢵࢺ‶ࡕࡓᏱᐂෑ㝤㆓ࠊ࠸࠺ ࡇ࠶ࡗࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢ SF ㄽቭ Ⰽᙬࡢᙉ࠸᭱ึࡢᩘ⠍ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢసရ࡛ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐃ␒ࡢ࣒ࣞཷᐜࡢࡉࢀ᪉࡛࠶ ‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ․‥ ଐӖྸ‒ ⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus”. “‣‒⁅⁚‒⁅⁙⁓⁓⁓‒ ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᢿ‒ ࠺࡞ࢩࣜࢫ࡞⪃ᐹࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡾࢃ ࡗࡓࡋ(2)ࠊࡲࡓࡁ࡞␗ㄽࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓ⌮ゎࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡛࠘ࡣࣟ ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AIࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᗈ࠸ព࡛ࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ⯡ 6 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡀࡑࡢࠕ⪅ࠖ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤣ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ ᮏ᮶ྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠊே㛫ࡗ࡚ࠕ㏱᫂ࠖ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ ࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊே㛫ࡽ ࡿࡣࡎࡢᶵᲔࡣࠊ㏫ㄝⓗࡶࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢάືࡽ ࡣ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ࠕ⪅ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࣟ࣎ ࡣእࢀࡓࠕᨾ㞀ࠖࡸࠕືసࠖࡢ▐㛫࠾࠸࡚ ࢵࢺࡸᶵᲔ࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣᑡࠎ≉Ṧࡔࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ ࡇࡑࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡑࡢ┿ࡢ␗㉁ᛶࠊே㛫ࡗ࡚ ே㛫ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ࠗࢯࣛ ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀே㛫ࡣࠊ ࣜࢫ࠘ࡢࠕᾏࠖࡸࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࢇ࡞Ꮡᅾࡀ㏦ࡗ࡚ ࡑࢀࡽࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀே㛫ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡽࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡍࡽࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠗኳࡢኌ࠘ࡢࠕ࣓ࢵ ␗㉁࡞ࠕ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㔜ࠎㄆ㆑ࡋࡘ ࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ࡞ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AIࠊᶵᲔ ࡘࡶࠊ࡞࠾ࡑࡇே㛫୰ᚰ⩏ⓗ࡞㢪ᮃࡸ೫ぢࠊ ࡞ࡣே㛫ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ᫂ᛌ࡞ពᅗࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡣࠕඹឤࠖࡸࠕྠࠖࢆࡍࡽᢪ࠸࡚ࡋ ศࡓࡕࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡼ࠺సࡗࡓࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ ࡲ࠺⏕ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡛࠘≉ၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡇࢁࡀࠊ ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘㘓ࡢྛసရࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ ࡿࡢࡣࠊᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸ࡗࡓே㛫ࡗ࡚ ࡿࠊࡑࢀࡽᮏ᮶ⓗࡣࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣇࣞࣥࢻ࣮ࣜ ࠕ㏆ࡋ࠸ࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶྠࠕ␗㉁ࠖ࡞ ࡛ࠊ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ࡣࡎࡢᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㐩ࡀࠊᛴ Ꮡᅾࢆ࠸ࢃࡤ㙾ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࡽࠕே㛫ࠖ࠸࠺ ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ே㛫ࡀ ࡶࡢࢆ㏫↷ᑕࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸ ぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡢࡣࡃ␗㉁࡞┦ㇺࢆぢࡏࡿ▐ ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊᩥⱁᢈホᐙࡢ࣐࢘ࢦࢪࣕࢱ࣭ 㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᮏసရ㞟࡛ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ▐㛫ࡣࠊ ࢩࣗࣃࢥࣇࢫ࢝ࡣࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡞ࡢ࣒ࣞࡀࣟ ከࡃࡢሙྜᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢఱࡽࡢࠕලྜࠖ ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᢅࡗࡓ୍㐃ࡢసရࢆࠊ࣒ࣞࡢ୍㐃ࡢホㄽ ࡸࠕᨾ㞀ࠖ ࠊ ࠕືసࠖᙉࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ࡢࠕ⬻ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ⪃ᐹࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ ࡔࠋ ࠗࣃࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࠘“Patrol”ࡸࠗ᮲௳ᑕ࠘“Odruch ⨨ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣒ࣞࡢ୍㐃ࡢホㄽࡢᙇࡼࢀ warunkowy”࡛ࡣࠊ᥈▱ᶵᲔࡢࣂࢢࡼࡗ࡚ࢫࢡ ࡤࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖࡣࠕព㆑ࠖࢆᣢࡕᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࡑ ࣮ࣜࣥୖ⌧ࢀࡓ㸦ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣᮏ᮶ఱࡢពࡶ࡞ ࢀ࡛ࡶࠊࠕ⪃࠼ࡿᶵᲔࠖࢆ୍✀ࡢᛮ⪃ᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚ ࠸㸧ගⅬࠊே㛫ࡢഃࡀᡭఱࡽࡢពࢆぢ ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ᣢࡕฟࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢃࢀ ฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ௳ ࢃࢀࡣே㛫ᛶࡢᮏ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬࢆᡭ ࡀᥥࢀࡿࠋே㛫ࡢ⬟ຊ࣭▱ຊࢆࡣࡿୖᅇࡿ ධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ (3) ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ၥࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠗᑂၥ࠘“Rozprawa”ࡢࣥࢻࣟ ࠕே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ᶵᲔࡣ〇సྍ⬟ࠖ ࢻࠊࣂ࣮ࣥࢬࡀ᭱ᚋ⮬ࡽ✰ࢆ᥀ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ ࠸ࡗࡓ⪃ᐹ࡛ࡣࡶࡣࡸ࡞ࡃ㸦࣒ࣞࡢ⪃ᐹࡼࢀࡤ ࡣࠊྜ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ࣥࢻࣟࢻࡗ࡚ࡣ ࡑࢀࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠊ ࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀᣢࡕ࠺ࡿ㸦ࣇ ࡃ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢே㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࠖ ࢡࢩࣙࣥୖ࡛㸧ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕព㆑ࠖࢆே ࣂ࣮ࣥࢬࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࡔࡗࡓࠋ 㛫ࡢព㆑ᑐẚࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᚋ⪅ ࠗ㐠ࡢዪ⚄࠘“Ananke”ࡢᏱᐂ⯪⮬ື᧯⦪ࢥࣥ ࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡀ␗ᖖືసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢࢥࣥ (4)ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࠕㄪᩍࠖࡋࡓࣃࣟࢵࢺࡢᙉ㏕⚄⤒ ࣈࢫ࢟ࡢᣦࡼࢀࡤࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀከࡃࡢ௳ࢆ ࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚⎍ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ ゎỴᑟࡃࡁά㌍ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࢺࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࠗᨾ࠘ ࠕᬑ㏻ࡢே㛫࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢᛮ⪃ࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ “Wypadek” ࡸࠗ⊁ࡾ࠘“Polowanie”࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡿ㠀ㄽ⌮ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᮏ⬟࡛ࠖࡶࡪࡁࡶ ᨾ㞀ࡼࡗ࡚ᭀ㉮࣭␗ᖖືసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦⛉Ꮫࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ศᯒᛮ⪃ࡼࡗ࡚ ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊேබࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ୍✀ࡢࠕඹឤࠖࡸࠕ㐨 ≉ᚩࡅࡽࢀࡓᑓ㛛ᐙ▱㆑ࡸࡑࡇࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉ ᚨⓗ࡞㈇࠸┠ࠖࡍࡽឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࢀࡓྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊே J.ࣖࢪ࢙ࣥ 7 ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ศᯒⓗ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ ࡑࠊ࣒ࣞࡀࡘ࡚ࡑࡢసရ࡛ၥ࠺ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢ 㣕ࡧ㉺࠼ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞グ᠈ࡸ㐃࣭㢪ᮃࢆ ࠕ⮬ᡃࠖࡸࠕព㆑ࠖ ࠊ ࠕయᛶࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ᪥ࠎ ࡶ୍ぢࡤࡽࡤࡽࡢ㇟ࢆࡘ࡞ࡂ࠶ࢃࡏࠊ┤ឤ ၥ㢟ࡉࢀၥ࠸┤ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡽࡔࠋ ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ ࡶࡗࡶࠊᚋぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺ᮏసࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠗᑂุ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡀ㏙ ࡣࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࣭⾲㠃ⓗࡣ≉ㆤࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠸ᅇࡋᚑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊே㛫ࣥࢻࣟ ࠶ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ⚾ぢ࡛ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞࡢసရ ࢻࢆศࡅࡿࡢࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠕࡉ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕḞ ࡀᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟㛵ᚰࡣࠊ㏆ᖺࡢㆤࠊ 㝗ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㏫ㄝⓗࡶࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀ ࡾࢃࡅࠕㄆ▱ㆤࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿࢡࢳࣗࣝ࡞ ே㛫ࢆே㛫ࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࠊே㛫⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭ ㆟ㄽᑐࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢ♧၀ࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ྜ⌮ⓗᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ␗࡞ࡿㄆ㆑ຊࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࡿࠋ ࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(5)ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊㆤࡢᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㏆ᖺࡲࡍࡲࡍࡁ࡞ ẚ㔜ࢆ༨ࡵࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣝࢶࣁ࣐ 㸰㸬 ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺㆤࠖ࠸࠺ၥ㢟⣔ ࣮࡞ࡢㄆ▱ࢆᝈࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࡢㆤ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭ᑓ㛛ⓗ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࠸࠺సရ㞟ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞ ࡢࡢ௦⾲సࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ ᢅ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆே㛫ࡗ࡚␗㉁࡛࠶ࡿ ྠ㏆ࡋ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ࡢ୰࡛ᥥࡁฟࡍࡇ࡛ࠊࠕே㛫ᛶࠖ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢ ᮏ㉁㝈⏺ࢆၥ࠸┤ࡍࡇࢆ║ࡋࡓసရ㞟 ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘㛵ࡍ ࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘ࡢ୰ࡢ 1 ⦅࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ “Terminus”ࢆ㞟୰ⓗㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋୖ࡛⤂ࡋࡓ ࡢㅖ▷⦅ྠᵝࠊࡇࡢࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡶࡲࡓࠊࣟ ࣎ࢵࢺࡢືసࡑࢀࢆ๓ࡋࡓே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉㛵ࡍࡿ≀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠶࠼ ࡚ࡇࡢ▷⦅≉╔┠ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡇࡢసရ࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡓࣟ࣎ ࢵࢺࡢࠕᶵ⬟ࠖࡀࠊࡲࡿ࡛ࡑࢀࡀㆤࢆᚲせ ࡍࡿ⪁ேࡢ㌟య࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ㦫ࡃ ⏕ࠎࡋ࠸㌟యᛶඹ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡉࡲࡀㄞ ࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢసရゐⓎࡉࢀࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ ᮏ✏ࡣ≉ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࣒ࣞసရࡢㄞゎࡢ୰࡛ࡣ 㸦⟶ぢ࡛ࡣ㸧ࡃゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠕ ㆤࠖࡸࠕࢣࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡢࡶ࡛ࡢ࣒ࣞస ရࡢㄞࡳ┤ࡋࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ⌧௦♫࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡉࡇࢀࡽࡢ㌟㏆࡛࠶ࡾࡘࡲࡍࡲࡍ ࡑࡢ㔜せࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡇ ࡞་Ꮫ▱㆑ࡢほⅬࡽࡣ⬻ᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࢆ᮶ࡋࡓ ࠕே࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟࡞ࠕ⪅ࠖ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ ࡋཱྀ㧗ᚿࡼࢀࡤࠊ㏆ᖺࡢㄆ▱ㆤࡢ⌧ሙ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࠖࡋ࡚ㄆ▱ࢆᤊ ࠼ࡿࠕࣔࢹࣝࠖࡽࠊㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠕ㛵ಀࣔࢹࣝࠖࡢ㌿ ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࣔࢹࣝࡣ㏫ࠕ㛵 ಀࣔࢹࣝࠖࡢࡶ࡛ࡣㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡣ୍ᐃࡢయᛶ ࢆᣢࡗࡓᏑᅾࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞⪅ ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ㄆ▱ࡢ≧ࡢⓎ⌧ࡸኚࡶࡲࡓ ࿘ᅖࡢ⎔ቃࡸே㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡢ୰࡛㉳ࡇࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡿ (6) ࠋ ࡋࡋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊㆤ⪅ࡢഃࡽࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡋ࡚๓ᥦࡉࢀࡓ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥྍ⬟ᛶࠖࠕ⌮ゎྍ⬟ᛶࠖࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ୍࡛✀ࡢ ᨃไࠊࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㆤ⪅ࡣࠊ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࠖࡸ ࡑࡢኚࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀఱࢆពࡍࡿࡢࠊࡑࡇ ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ࡸయᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ ࡢࢆㄞࡳゎࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ㆤ ⪅ࡼࡿ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ゎ㔘࣭᥎ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡶ ࢃࡽࡎࡑࡇ࡛ㆤ⪅ࡀ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢ㛫ࠕ⌮ゎ ྍ⬟ᛶࠖࢆᢸಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇྜ⌮ⓗ࡛㏱᫂ ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣูࡢᙧࡢࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ㠀ྜ 8 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ⌮ⓗ࡛┤ឤⓗ࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᖖ▱ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࡀẼࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅇ㊰ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ⩝ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ᭱ึࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ๓ጼࢆ⌧ࡍ ⨾ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ࠾ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞ ࠊࡲࡎ༳㇟ṧࡿࡢࡣᙼࡢወጁ࡞ࠕே㛫⮯ࡉࠖ ほᐹࡽㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏱᐂ⯪ࡢ࡞ࡲࡂࢀࡇࢇࡔ㯮⊧ࡣఱᨾ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠕ᪥ᖖ⏕άୡ⏺ࠖ࠸࠺ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡼࡃࡁࠊᙼࡢ⫪Ⓩࡗ࡚ᗙࡗࡓ ࢆㆤ⪅⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛⤯࠼ࡎᵓ⠏ࡋ⥆ࡅ ࡾࡍࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᙜࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢࡋࡄࡉࡸ୍ᣲᡭ୍ᢞ㊊ࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛⪄ ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸(7)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊㄆ▱ ◿ࡋࠊయࡢ⮬⏤ࡀࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⪁ே࡛࠶ࡿࡢ ㆤࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᐙⓗ࣭་Ꮫⓗ▱ࡢࣃࣛ ࡼ࠺ᥥࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢲ࣒࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ⌮ゎ⬟ࠖࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ⪅ࢆࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᡃࠎࡀ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅࠕ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ ࠕࡑࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍࠖṍࢇࡔࠊࡲࡿ࡛ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡢࡣఱᨾ࡞ࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௬⌮ゎ࡛ 㕲ࡢࣃࣉࡽฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡀゝ ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ┦ᡭࡢᏑᅾࢆཷᐜࡍࡿ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡣ ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕࡇࡕࡽࡣࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡕࡽࡣㄡ ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࠊࡲࡉ࣒ࣞ ࡛ࡍࠖ ࡀࡑࡢసရ࠾࠸࡚ၥ࠺࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟⣔ ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚ࡿࢇࡔࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣᑜࡡࡓࠋ ᥋⥆ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡕࡽࢸ̺࣑ࣝࢾࢫ̿⚾ࡣ̿ᐮ̺࠸̿ࡼࡃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬࡽࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ ̿ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠖࡋࡷࡀࢀኌࡀࡘࡗ࠼ࡘࡗ࠼ ࢆࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ㌟యࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿㆤࡢ ゝࡗࡓࠋ ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ࡞࠾ࡍࡇࢆヨ ࠕཎᏊ⅔ࢆぢᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ ࡳࡿࠋࡑࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ⮬⏤࡞ࠖ㌟ ᑜࡡࡓࠋᙼࡣࠊ⯪యྠᵝࡘࡂࡣࡂࡔࡽ యࡀࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫᑐࡋ࡚↓どࡍࡿࡇ ࡅࡢࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡽఱࢆ⪺ࡁฟࡏࡿ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤᙉไຊࢆᣢ ࡣࡶ࠺ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࠋᮏ᮶ࠊ↓ᶵⓗ࡛ឤ ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ⊧ࡢ⥳Ⰽࡢ╎ࢆ๓ࡍࡿࠊ ୰❧ⓗ࡞ࠕྜ⌮ⓗ㌟యࠖࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿࡇࡀᮇ ゝⴥࢆ༙ศࡋゝࢃࡎ❧ࡕཤࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ ᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀࠊ࡞ࡐᨾ㞀ࡢ㝿ࡇࢀ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕ࠎࡋ࠸㌟యᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ே㛫ࡢ║๓ ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ̿ཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠖࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺᅖ ㏕ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡲࢀࡓዟࡽࡃࡄࡶࡗࡓኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓࠋ ࠕ⚾̿ ࠊ ཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠋཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠖࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࡲࡿ࡛࠺ ࠊࠊࠊ ࡍࡢࢁࡢࡼ࠺࡞‶㊊ࡆ࡞ኌ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓࠋ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟యࡽࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸦͐͐㸧 㸱 ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࡢ ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ㸟ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛ࡕࡻ࠺ ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶ ⪥ࡢ㐲࠸ேヰࡋࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ྉ ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡣࠊேබࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ㦵ⴷရᑍ ๓ࡢ࢜ࣥ࣎ࣟᏱᐂ⯪ࠕ㟷࠸ᫍࠖࡢ⯪㛗ࡋ࡚ึฟ ࡍࡿࡇࢁࡽጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢ⯪ࡢ୰࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ ࡣࠊ⯪ࡢᒓရ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜ࣥ࣎ࣟࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠊࢸࣝ ࣑ࢾࢫฟ࠺ࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ࣎ࣟࡉຍῶ㎢᫆ ࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣᚎࠎࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࡇ ࢇࡔࠋ ࠕᣢࡕሙᡠࡿࢇࡔ㸟ࠖ ࠕࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢸ̺࣑ࣝࢾࢫࠖ(8) ࡇࡇ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫヰࡋࡅࡿࡢ ࡀ↓㥏࡞ࡇࡔ▱ࡾࡘࡘࡶࠊఱᨾᙼࠊࡋ ࡶࡲࡿ࡛ࠕ⪥ࡢ㐲࠸ேヰࡋࡅࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࠖ ヰࡋࡅࡿࡢࢆࡸࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 9 ࡢࠊ༙ࡤᨾ㞀ࡋࡓࠕ⮬⏤࡞ࠖ㌟యࠊ ࠕ࠺ࡍࡢࢁࠖ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡣࠊࡲࡉࡑࢀࡀ⮬⏤࡞㌟య࡛࠶ࡿ ࡲࡿ࡛ぢ࠼࡞࠸ᩛᡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡀᨾࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫᑐࡋ࡚↓どࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟ ᙼࡢᡭࡢᡴᧁࡣ⣲᪩ࡗࡓࠋ(10) ࡞࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ▱ࡗࡓࡇࢁࡼࡿࠊ ࡋࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᡭࡉࡤࡁࡢᕦࡳ ᐇࡣࡇࡢᏱᐂ⯪ࡣඖࠎࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕ࠸࠺ྡ ࡉࡢ୰ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆぢࡿ⪅ࡢ୰࠶ࡿ✀ࡢྜྷ࡞ ๓࡛ࠊ19 ᖺ๓᭷ྡ࡞㝹▼⾪✺ᨾࡼࡗ࡚ ணឤࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡕࡻ ◚ࡋࠊ16 ᖺࡶࡢ㛫⾜᪉᫂࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ ࠺ࠊㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡓ⪁ேࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢసᴗ ࠸ࢃࡃࡘࡁࡢ⯪ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊ19 ࡸ≉ᐃࡢ⪅ࡢヰ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㦫ࡃࡢṇ ᖺ๓ࡢᨾࡢ၏୍ࡢࠕ⏕㑏⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᖖࡉࡸᕦࡳࡉࢆⓎࡍࡿࡢࢆぢ࡚ࠊࡣࡗࡉࡏࡽ ࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀወጁ࡞ືసࢆࡋ ࢀࡿࡁࡢࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࠕྜྷࡉࠖࡣࠊࢸ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ⭎ࡀసᴗྠ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕᡴ ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࢭ࣓ࣥࢺࢆቨ྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿືసࢆ ࡕ⥆ࡅࡿࠊ᩿ᮎ㨱ࡢᝒ㬆ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡢ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡑࡢᡴᧁ㡢ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡶ ᙧࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ⪥㡪ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ ࡅຍ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࠕၥ㢟⾜ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ19 ᖺ๓ࡢࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕࢆく ືࠖࢆࡃ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡑࢀ ࡗࡓᨾࡢ㝿⏕Ꮡ⪅㐩ࡀࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣝ ࢆ⮬ࡽྰㄆࡍࡿ㸦 ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠖ 㸧 ࢫಙྕࢆ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ⏕Ꮡ⪅㐩ࡀṚࡠ㛫 ࠸࠺Ⅼࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾㄆ▱ࡢึᮇ≧ࢆᙉࡃ㐃 㝿ࡲ࡛㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡀࠊ࠺࠸࠺ ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡣࣆࣝࢡࢫ ࢃࡅࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㢌⬻ࡢ୰ ࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡿ࡛ㆤࢆᚲせࡍࡿ⪁࠸ࡓࠕࡲࡲ グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡋ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸⌧㇟ ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ㌟యࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣុ↛ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢグ㏙ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࡃࡘ☜ ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕປ ࠕ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ͐ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔ㸽ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫ ാࡍࡿᶵᲔࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡣࠊ࠶ࡃ ࡣゝࡗࡓࠋ ࡲ࡛ࡓࡔࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰ࠸࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋẖ 0.4 ࣞࣥ ືసࡀࠕ⪁࠸ࡓே㛫ࡢ㌟యࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ ࢺࢤࣥࡢ₃ࢀ࡛ࡍࠋసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ ❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠸࠺ࠕே 㸽ࠖ 㛫ࠖഃࡢほࡼࡿࡶࡢࡍࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࠋ ࠕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡌࡷ࡞࠸㸽ఱ ࡲࡓྠᵝࠊࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠖ⾜ືࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ ࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸽ࠖ ࡉࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࠕసᴗࠖࡢ ࠕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࠖࡃྠࡌኌࡢࢺ࣮࡛ࣥࣟ࣎ ពࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰࡄࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ ࢵࢺࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࠊゝⴥࢆ㏉ࡋࡓࠋ ࠕࢃࡾࡲ ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿㝶ࡍࡿᡴᧁ㡢ࡢࣜࢬ࣒ ࡏࢇࠋసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖ(9) ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕసᴗࠖ㝶ࡍࡿ༢࡞ࡿഅⓎⓗ࡛↓ព ࡞ࠕࣀࢬࠖ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ ࡇࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀ 㝿ࠊඛࡶ㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ⮬ศ ࢆሰࡄࠖసᴗࢆࡍࡿࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢືసࡀࠊࡉࡁ ࡢᡭࡢᡴᧁࡀࡘ࡚ࡢṚ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕ ࡢⓏሙࢩ࣮ࣥ࠾ࡅࡿࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ືసࡣᡴ ࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࠊࡃ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡔ ࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ⣲᪩ࡃࠊࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝࠊࡑ ࡽࠊࡑࡢࠕࣀࢬࠖࡀఱࡽࡢࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࡋ࡚ᕦࡳ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࡑࢀࡀṇ☜࡞࣮ࣔࣝ 10 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࢫಙྕࢆᡴࡗ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾ༢࡞ࡿே㛫ഃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘Ⓩሙࡍ ࡢほ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊே㛫ࡣᶵᲔ ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟యࢆࠊ⪁࠸࡚ㄆ▱ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓࠊ ࠕࡲ ࡢఱࡽࡢືసⰋࠊࣂࢢࠊᨾ㞀ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣀࢬ ࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟యඹ㏻ࡢ⤒㦂ࡢᇶ┙ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ ࡍࡽࠊఱࡽࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㏉ࡍどⅬࢆᚓࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ ᛂ࣭ᛂ⟅ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸⏕ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ ࠺࡞ࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㌟యࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⾲ ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀయ⌧ࡍࡿࠕࡲ ㇟ࡣࠊSF ࠸࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣝ࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྲྀ ࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࠊࡲࡉࡑࢀࡀ୍ ࡾᢅ࠸࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡘ ษࡢឤࡸពᚿࢆࡂྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀⓎࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ୍࡛᪦࣒ࣞࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡶ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡇࡑࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙษᐇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡶ SF ࡢṔྐ࠾࠸࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺㢟ࡀ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᶵᲔࡀࡓ࠼ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣲື ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࢆ ࡸⓎゝࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࠊࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊ ࡈࡃ⡆༢ᴫほࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ ࡑࡢዟᗏ₯ࡴᐃࡉࢀࡿఱࡽࡢࠕே᱁ࠖࡸ ࡾࠊ ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥࡢ࣭࢝ࣞࣝ ࠕᑛཝࠖ࡞ࢆ୍ษ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡍࡿᚲせ࡞࡞࠸ࡣ ࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ 1920 ᖺࡢᡙ᭤ࠗR.U.R.࠘࠾࠸࡚ ࡎ࡞ࡢࡔࡽࠋࡑࢀࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ ࡇࡢゝⴥࡀึࡵ࡚ࢃࢀࡓࡇ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ ࢆ๓ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࡑࡢ㌟యࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀⓎࡍ ࡚ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡶࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢࣟ ࡿᙉⅯ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶᡴࡕࡢࡵࡉࢀࠊࡲࡈࡘࡁࠊ ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࣚࢮࣇࡀ⪃ ࡑࢀఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ᛂ⟅ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ ࠼ࡔࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࠕປാࠖࢆព ࡣࠊே㛫ࡀ⪅ࡢࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ㌟యࠊ⪁࠸ࡓࠊࠕࡲ ࡍࡿ robota ࠸࠺ㄒࡽࡢ㐃ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡔࡗ ࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟య┤㠃ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿ㝿 ࡓࠋࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࠊே㛫 ࡢࠊ࠶ࡿཎึⓗ࣭ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡋ ᮏ᮶ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே᱁ࡸឤ࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ྜ⌮ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᛶ࣭㠀⬟⋡ᛶࢆࡂྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠊ⣧⢋࡞ࠕປാࡍࡿ ➨☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝ ㌟యࠖࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡔࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(12) ࠋ ࢾࢫࡀࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡽእࡉࢀࡓ≧ែ࠶ ࠗR.U.R.࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺឤ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡀࡘ ࡀⱆ⏕࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡀ㉳ࡁࠊே㛫ࡣ ࡚ࡢࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕࡢ⏕Ꮡ⪅ࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡼࡗ࡚⁛ࡰࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣỴࡋ ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࡣࠊࠕឡࠖ࠸࠺ឤࢆぬ࠼ࡓࣟ࣎ ࡚ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ែ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡘࡲࡾࠊࢸࣝ ࢵࢺࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ୡ௦ࡢࠕே㛫ࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠊ ࣑ࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢពࡅྍ⬟ࠊ ࠸࠺⤖ᮎࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢࢫ ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ࠕグ᠈ࠖࢆෆໟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ╔ࡋࡓࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢീຊࡀࠊᛴ㏿ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽゝ࠼ࡤ⮬ࡽࡢෆ㒊ไᚚྍ⬟࡞ Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡑࡇ࠾ࡅࡿປാ⪅ࡢ㐣 ᰿※ⓗࠕ⪅ᛶࠖࢆᢪ࠼㎸ࡳࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡍࡍࡶ 㓞࡞⏕άᐇែࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣟࢩ㠉ࡼࡿࢯ㐃ࡢ ࡞ࡃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫Ꮫ⪅ࡢ ᡂ❧࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⤖ᐇࡋࡓ㈨ᮏᐙ㝵⣭ᑐࡍࡿປ ኳ⏣ᇛࡼࢀࡤࠊࡲࡉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡇࡑࡣ ാ⪅㝵⣭ࡢࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࠊᙜࡢୡ⏺ࢆືࡋ ࠕ⪁࠸⾶࠼ࡺࡃࠖ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀෆໟࡍࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ ࡚࠸ࡓ♫ໃ῝ࡃᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ ᅔ㞴࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(11)ࠋ ࡣࠊᨵࡵ࡚ᣦࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋ ࡇࡇ࡛ᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ╔ 㸲ປാࡍࡿᶵᲔ㸸6) ࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓࠊᙜ㝯┒ࢆᴟࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ ປാ⪅ࡢࠕ㌟య㸻ᶵᲔࠖ ⩏࣭ࢸ࣮ࣛ⩏ᆺࡢ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡑࡇ࠾ࡅࡿ ປാ⟶⌮ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉⮬యࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ࡞ࡶࣇࢡ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 11 ࢩࣙࣥࢆᣢࡕฟࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊປാ⪅ࡢ㌟యࢆ యࢆ୍✀ࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖసࡾኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ⌮ ࠕᙺ❧ࡘࠖ㌟యࠊ ࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠖࠕຠ⋡ⓗࠖ࡞ࠕᶵ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ࡽࡠ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࡑࡢ Ეࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟యసࡾኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࣉ ேࡀࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ⩏࣭ࢸ࣮ࣛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⇕Ⅿ࡞ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ಙዊ⪅ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ⩏࣭ࢸ ᐇ㝿ࠊࣇࣞࢹࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢸ࣮ࣛࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ⟶⌮ἲࠖ ࣮ࣛ⩏ࡢ୰ࡽ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢࠕᦢྲྀⓗ࡞ࠖせ⣲ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡢປാࡣࡑࡢ୍ᣲᡭ୍ᢞ㊊ ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ㐩ᡂࠖࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍࡇ ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ṇ☜ィ࡛ ࡽࢀࠊປാࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ ࡼࡗ࡚♫⩏ࡢⓎᒎᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ಶࠎࡢ༢⣧࡞ືసࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᯝ࡚ࡋ࡞ࡃ⣽ ࡁࡿಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊ1920 ᖺ௦ࡢࢯ㐃 ศࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ20 ୡ⣖࠸࠺௦ ࡛ࡣ㔞ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡢⓎὀࠊேᮦὴ㐵 ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ㔞ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ ࡞ࢆྵࡵࡓつᶍ࡞ࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ♫ࡢ༠ຊ࣭ὶ సࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ௦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࡢ⮬ఏࡀ࣋ࢫࢺ ࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࠗR.U.R.࠘ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓປാ⪅㸻 ࢭ࣮ࣛ࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡽẸ⾗ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㌟యࠊᚑ㡰࡞㌟యࡀࡸࡀ࡚ே ࡀ࣮ࣞࢽࣥ࡞୪ࡪࡢ⚄᱁ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞ 㛫ᑐࡍࡿࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࠸࠺≀ㄒࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇ ࠊࠕࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࣭࢝ࣝࢺ࡛ࠖࡶࡪࡁ⌧㇟ࡀ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ປാ⪅㸻ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕᚑ㡰࡞ࠖ㌟యࡀ ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(14)ࠋ ࡸࡀ࡚ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᜍᛧࡣࠊ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ᛕࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓᐇ㊶㠃࠾ࡅࡿປ ࡑࡢᚋࡢⱥ⡿ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ SF ࡢ㐍ᒎࡶከ࡞ᙳ㡪 ാ⪅ࡢ⫗యࡢ⟶⌮࠸࠺ព࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1930 ࢆ࠼ࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢࢯ㐃࡛άⓎࡋࠊᡓᚋ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆࡣ ࢨࢵࢡ࣭ࢩࣔࣇࡢࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ୕ཎ๎ࠖ 㸦 ࠕࣟ ࡌࡵࡋࡓᮾḢㅖᅜࡶἼཬࡋࡓࠕປാ➇தࠖ㐠 ࣎ࢵࢺࡣே㛫༴ᐖࢆຍ࠼࡚࡞ࡣࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࣟ࣎ ືࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺(15)ࠋປാࡢ⇕≬ⓗ࡞ཧຍປ ࢵࢺࡣே㛫࠶ࡓ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ௧᭹ᚑࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ ാࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢྜ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱⓒ㸣ࡶࡢ㦫␗ⓗ ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⮬ᕫࢆࡲࡶࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ࡞ࠕࣀ࣐ࣝ㉸࠼ࠖࢆ࡞ࡋࡆࡓࡉࢀࡿᙜࡢࠕປ ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧(13)ࡣࠊࡲࡉࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸻ປാ⪅ࠕᚑ ാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡣࠊࡑࡢ㌟యࡢ㡹ࡉࠊࡑࡋ࡚」ᩘ 㡰ࠖ࡞㌟యࡀࠕᚑ㡰ࠖ࡞ࡿࡢࢆண㜵ࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࡢᶵᲔࢆ୍ᗘ᧯సࡍࡿ࡞ࡢᚭᗏⓗ࡞సᴗຠ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽᚑ㡰࡞㌟యࡢࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ ⋡ࡢྥୖ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ࠕቯࢀࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ᶵᲔࠖ ᚭᗏࡋ࡚ᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢཎ๎ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࠕຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᶵᲔࠖࡋ࡚ࡢປാ⪅ࡢ⫗యࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ᮲ᩥ➃ⓗ⾲⌧ ࢆ᭱ࡶ➃ⓗ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᏑᅾࡔࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊປാࡍࡿ㌟యࡀ⟶⌮⪅ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ ࠺ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ SF సᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜࢆᮏ᱁ⓗ ᚑ㡰ᚑ࠸ࠊ⟶⌮⪅ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎࠊࡑࡋ ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᅵࢆ ࡚ࠊ⮬ẅࡸ⮬ᕫ◚ቯ࡞ࡢ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕࢧ࣎ࢱ࣮ ࠕ♫⩏ᘓタࠖࡢࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࡀ㥑ࡅᕠࡾࠊࡇ ࢪࣗࠖࡼࡗ࡚⤒῭ᦆᐖࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ ࢀࡽ೧࡞ࠕປാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡢά㌍ࡀ᪂⪺ࡸࢽࣗ ୍✀ࡢ⏘ᴗⓗ࣮ࣘࢺࣆࡢጼࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ ࣮ࢫᫎ⏬ࠊᩥᏛ࡞࡛┒ࢇ⛠ᥭࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠊࡑ ࡿࠋ ࡢ㡬Ⅼᙜࡓࡿᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(16)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙜࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢ௦⫼ᬒࠊࡑࡋ 㸳♫⩏యไࠕᶵᲔࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࠖ ࡚࡞ࡽࡠ࣒ࣞ⮬㌟ࡀࡘ࡚♫⩏ࣜࣜࢬ ࣒ࡢリᏛࡢᙳ㡪ୗࡽࡑࡢ SF సᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕ ࡉ࡚ࠊヰࢆ࣒ࣞᡠࡑ࠺ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ⏕ࡁࡓ♫ ⩏యไୗࡢᮾഃࣈࣟࢵࢡ࠾࠸࡚ࡶすഃྠ ᵝ㸦࠸࠺ࡼࡾすഃࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚㸧ࠊປാ⪅ࡢ㌟ ࣜࢆฟⓎࡉࡏࠊᚋࡑࢀࢆࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ ࠸࠺⤒⦋ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ᥥ ࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ⪄◿ࡋࡓࠖ㌟యࠊ ࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ 12 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ㌟యࡀⓎࡍࡿ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖࢆࠊࡇ࠺ ࡉࡽ⥆ࡃࠋᙼࡣࠊ⯪ෆ࡛㣫⫱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢿࢬ࣑ ࡋࡓࡘ࡚ࡢ♫⩏ࣜࣜࢬ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࠕྜ⌮ Ỉࢆࡸࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ⯪ᐊࢆ࠺ࢁ࠺ࢁṌࡁࡲࢃࡗ ⓗ࡞㌟య㸻ᶵᲔࠖࡢ୍✀ࡢࣥࢳࢸ࣮ࢮࡋ࡚ゎ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࢆࣆࣝࢡࢫ┠ᧁࡉࢀࡿࠋࠕỈࡣ 㔘ࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡃࡢⓗእࢀ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡇࡔࠖ⪺ࡃࣆࣝࢡࢫࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠕࢃ̺ࡍࢀ ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊඛ⤂ࡋࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ ࡲࡋࡓࠖ⟅࠼ࠊࡑࡢኌࡢ࠶ࡲࡾࡢࠕ↓㜵ഛࡉࠖ ࢾࢫࡀᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰࡄసᴗࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡢࢭ࣓ࣥ ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ࿈↛ࡍࡿ(18)ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࡲࡓࠊࢸ ࢺࢆᡭ࡛ᥒࡗ࡚ቨ྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿ࠸࠺ືసࡢᥥ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀᐇ㝿ࢿࢬ࣑ࡢୡヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡣࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡢࠕປാ➇தࠖ┒ࡢ࣏࣮ ࢁࡶࡇࡗࡑࡾなࡁぢࡍࡿࠋ ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ປാ⪅ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞⫋ᴗࠊ ࠼ࡤࠕⅣ㖔ኵࠖࠕᶵ㛵ኈࠖࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࣞࣥ࢞✚ࡳ ࢞ࣛࢫ㉺ࡋࠊởࢀࡓ✵ࡢࢣ࣮ࢪࡢᗏࡀぢ࠼ࠊ ᕤࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ⫋ᴗ≉᭷ࡢⓗືసወጁఝ ࡉࡽ࣮࣡ࣖࢿࢵࢺ㉺ࡋࡢࠊࡇ㧗࠸ ㏻ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᡃࠎࡢ๓❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡋࠊ ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿᑕᯈࡁࣛࢺࡼࡗ࡚↷ࡽࡉ ࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀാࡃᏱᐂ⯪ࡢᥥ㸦⯪㤳ࡽ ࢀࡓ㒊ᒇࡢዟࡣࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢỈ࡛ࡧࡋࡻࡠ ⯪ᑿࡢཎᏊ⅔⮳ࡿࠕ❧ᆙࠖ㸧ࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺Ⅳ ࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ⫼୰ࡀぢ࠼ࡓࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ✵୰ 㖔ኵࡀാࡃ㖔ᒣࡢᆙ㐨ࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠸ ࡰỈᖹᾋࡁࠊ୧ᡭࢆࡢࢁࡢࢁືࡋ࡚ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࡇࢀࡽ 1950 ࠸ࡓࠋᙼࡢ⏥ැࡢࡑࡇࡽࡌࡹ࠺ࢆⓑ࠸ࢿࢬ࣑ ᖺ௦ࡢࠕປാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡢ࠸ࢃࡤᘵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡀ㏺࠸ࡎࡾࡲࢃࡗ࠸ࡓࠋࢿࢬ࣑ࡓࡕࡣࠊࢸࣝ ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࡢປാⱥ㞝ࡓࡕ ࣑ࢾࢫࡢ㔠ᒓࡢ⭎ᙜ࡚ࡸ⬚Ẇࡢୖࢆ㏿㊊࡛㥑 ࡢ㌟యࡀࠊ⌧ᐇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡃᚑ㡰࡞㌟య࡛ࡶ ࡅࡎࡾᅇࡾࠊࡁ࡞Ỉࡀ⁀ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⭡㒊 (17) ࡢࡃྠᵝࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ ࡢయ⠇ࡢ❑ࡳ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࡣỈࢆ⯍ࡵࡿࠊࢪ ࢾࢫࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ㌟యࡶࡲࡓࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕປ ࣕࣥࣉࡋ࡚✵୰㣕ࡧ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢸࣝ ാࡍࡿᶵᲔࠖ࠸࠺ࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ㋃ࡳ㉺࠼ ࣑ࢾࢫࡀࡘࡲ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࢿࢬ࣑ࡓࡕ ࡓࠊྍゎࡉ㠀ྜ⌮ᛶࢆල࠼ࡓᏑᅾࡋ࡚ᡃࠎ ࡣᙼࡢ㕲ࡢᣦࡢ㛫ࢆࡍࡤࡸࡃ㏨ࢀࠊࡑࡢᑼᑿ ࡢ๓❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀࡲࡿ࡛၈ⲡᶍᵝࡢࡼ࠺ࢆᥥࡃࡢࡔࡗࡓ ⎍࡞ᶵᲔ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ ̿̿ࡑࡢගᬒࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ⌋ጁ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ 㸴⪅ࢆࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ዎᶵ ✍ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ྿ࡁฟࡋࡑ࠺࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ(19) ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘Ⓩሙࡍࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ ㌟యࡣࠊ㏆௦ⓗ࡞⟶⌮ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀせㄳࡋࡓྜ⌮ ⓗືసࡍࡿࠕປാࡍࡿᶵᲔ࡛ࠖࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡋ࡚ ࡉࡽࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⊧ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࢁฟࡃࢃࡋᅔᝨࡍࡿࠋ ࡸ⮬ᚊᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞ࠕ㏆ ௦ⓗಶே࡛ࠖࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㏻ᖖࡢ⌮ゎྍ⬟ᛶ ࡽእࢀࡓሙᡤࡑࡢጼࢆ⾲ࢃࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࢸ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊࡼࡾ┤᥋ⓗ࡛㌟యⓗ࡞⌧๓ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣປാࡢ㝿ࡢືసࡀ㝶ⓗ⏕ࡳฟࡍ ྍゎ࡞ࣀࢬ㸻࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡢࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫാࡁࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊヰࢆࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡢࡑࡢᚋࡢࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ ࣮ᡠࡑ࠺ࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᑂ࡞ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࠖࡣ ࠕ⊧ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ ࡓࠋ ࠕ࡞ࢇࡢࡓࡵ㸟㸽ࠖ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ㔠ᒓ࡛࡛ࡁࡓ᙮ീࡢࡼ࠺ᅛࡲ ࡗ࡚ື࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠖᙼࡀᑠࡉ࡞ኌ࡛⟅࠼ࡓࡢ ࡛ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ⊋⊌ࡋࡓࠋ(20) ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 13 ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ௬ࡇࢀࡀ࣒ࣞࡼࡗ࡚᭩ ࢆ୍ษ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡇࡑࠊ ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ㏻ⓗ࡞ SF ࡞ࡋࡤ ㏫ㄝⓗࡶே㛫ࡀ┠ࡢ๓Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠕ⪅ࠖྥ ࡋࡤぢࡽࢀࡿࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤࡀⱆ ࡁྜ࠺㝿ࡢཎึⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ ⏕࠼ࡓࠖࡇࢆ⾲ࡍࢩ࣮ࣥࡢࡼ࠺ㄞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࠸ ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࣒ࣞࡀᥥࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀࡃ␗࡞ࡿࠊ┦⌮ゎࡢవᆅ ࡢࡣࡼࡶࡸࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢼ࣮ࣈ࡞≀ㄒ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ ࡞୍ษ࡞࠸࡞ࡿࠕ⪅ࠖྠኈࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ ࡲ࠸(21)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ࡶ౫↛ࡋ࡚ࠊࢸ ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛㌟యⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕゐࢀྜ࠸ࠖࢆ⾜ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ⮬ࡽࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡍࡽࡃ⌮ゎࡋ ࠸࠺ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᚋఱࡽࡢࠕឤࠖ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡓࡔࡢ⪁ᮙࡋࡓࠕᶵᲔ࡛ࠖࡋ࡞࠸ ࡸࠕே᱁ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᚰࡢὶࠖ࡞ࢃࡊࢃࡊᐃࡍࡿࡲ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㛫ఱࡢ┦ ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛᪤ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ࠕࢃࡾ࠶࠸ࠖ ࠊ ゎࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾ ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾࢆࡑࢀ࡛ࡶఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ࠕཷࡅ ࢫࢿࢬ࣑ࡢ㛫ࡶ┦⌮ゎࡢవᆅ࡞୍ษᏑ ධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡢཎึⓗ࡞ዎᶵࢆࡑࡢෆᏎ ᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ↓ ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢿ 㔜ຊࡢ୰࡛ࢿࢬ࣑ᡙࢀࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࢃ ࢬ࣑ࡢ㛫ࡢࠕゐࢀྜ࠸ࠖࠊࡑࢀࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࣆ ࡅࡑࡢወጁ࡞⨾ࡋࡉ࡛ㄞࡴ⪅ࡢ⬚ࢆᡴࡘࠋࡑࡋ ࣝࢡࢫࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢឤືⓗࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡼ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢගᬒࢆぢࡘࡵࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡶࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ ࠺࡞Ẽᣢࡕࢆㄞࡴ⪅ࡢෆࡼࡧ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ ࢾࢫᑐࡍࡿࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᅔᝨࢆࡋࡤࡋᛀࢀࠊᛮࢃ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢ⌮ゎ ࡎࠕ྿ࡁฟࡋࡑ࠺ࠖ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥ ཷᐜࡢ≀ㄒࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ ࠾ࡅࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ྍゎ࡞⪅ࡢ ≀ㄒࡢ⤊┙ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ᩿ᮎ㨱ࢆグ ࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅࠕཷ 㘓ࡋࡓ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࡘ࠸ ࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺࠶ࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞⤒㦂㸦ࢃࡎ ᡃ៏ฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸧୍Ṍ㋃ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྕࢆᡴࡗ࡚ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕヰࠖ J. ࣖࢪ࢙ࣥࣈࢫ࢟ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞసရ࠾࠸࡚ே㛫 ධࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊࡑࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ㏦ࡗ ࡀࠕ⪅ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆ᭱⤊ⓗཷࡅධࢀࡿ㝿ࠊࡋࡤ ࡓಙྕࠊ࡞ࢇࠕṚ⪅ࠖࡽࡢࠕ㏉ࠖࡀ㏉ࡗ ࡋࡤࠕ⨾ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࠖࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕேබࡀ⌮ゎྍ⬟ ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣុ↛ࡍࡿࡀࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ ࡞⪅ࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ࠕ⨾ࠖࢆឤࡌࡿ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺ே㛫ࡀேࢆክぢ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕཷࡅධࢀࠖࡢዎᶵ࡞ࡗ࡚ ே≀ክࡢ୰࡛ヰࢆࡍࡿࡢྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࢸࣝ ࠸ࡿࠊ࠸࠺㔜せ࡞ᣦࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (22) ࠋࡇࡢᣦ ࣑ࢾࢫࡢ㟁Ꮚ㢌⬻ࡢ୰ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛Ṛ⪅ࡓࡕ ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊࡇࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢿࢬ࣑ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ ࡢࠕᨃఝಶᛶࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ ࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕཷࡅ ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࠋࠕṚ⪅ࠖࡓࡕࡢࠕ ධࢀࡿࠖࡇ᭱ࡶ㏆࡙࠸ࡓ▐㛫ࡔࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿ ヰࠖࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡢṚࡢ≧ἣ㛵ࡍࡿ┿ᐇࢆ᫂ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡗࡶḟ❶࡛ぢࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡽࡍࡁࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣⱞᝎࡍࡿࠋ ᭱⤊ⓗࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࢆཷࡅධ ࢀࡿࡇኻᩋࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࡀࠋ 㸵ࡴࡍࡧ㸸ࠕㆤࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿᕼᮃ⤯ᮃ ᙼࡽ࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡣ᪤ Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡛ࡶ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡣ༢࡞ࡿᨃ ఝಶᛶ࡛ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⬻ࡢ୰ࡢᏙ❧ࡋࡓᓥࠊ㟁Ꮚ⬻ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࠾ࡅ ࡀぢࡿᗁࡑࡢ②ᨥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀேᕤⓗసࡽࢀ ࡢࡔ࡛ࡶ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡢᜍᛧࡣ༢࡞ࡿᜍᛧࡢᶍ ࡓᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࡑࡢࠕே᱁ࠖࡸࠕᑛཝࠖ ೌ㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡲࡓẖኪ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿྩࡓࡕࡢ 14 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᩿ᮎ㨱ࡢⱞࡋࡳࡣࠊ᧿ࡾษࢀࡓࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ┙ ᢠࡋ⻏㉳ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࢦ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ⚄ヰᛮ࠸ ࡢពࡋᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ㸽ᙼࡣࡲࡔࠊ ࢆ㥅ࡏࡓࠋࡑࡢ⚄ヰࡣࠊ࡚ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ ⮬ศࡢ㉁ၥࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࡢࡒࡗ ࡁே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࡢ㈐௵ࢆᨺᲠ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᡴᧁࡢ⃭Ⓨࢆ㸦͐͐㸧ぬ࠼࡚࠸ ⪃࠼ࡔࡋࡓბ࡞ࡢࡔࠊࠋ㸦25㸧 ࡓࠋ ᙼࡽࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ㸽࡛ࡣᙼࢆࢇ ࡇࡇࠊㆤ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࢆࡵࡄࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ᅔ㞴ࠊ ࡔࡢࡣࠊᙼຓࡅࢆồࡵࡓࡢࡣㄡࡔࡗࡓࡢ ኳ⏣ᇛࡀゝ࠺ࡇࢁࡢࠊㆤ࠸࠺⤒㦂ෆᅾ ࡔ㸽ࡑࡋ࡚ࡶࡋ௬ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡓࡕࡀ࠶ࡢྉࡧ ࡍࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋኳ⏣ᇛࡣࠊ ࡣ㟁Ⲵࡢ ࠊ㔠ᒓᯈࡢ㡪ࡼࡗ࡚ࡧ㉳ ㆤ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡘࡢࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡀᏑ ࡇࡉࢀࡓື࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡔゝࡗࡓࡋ࡚ ᅾࡍࡿᣦࡍࡿࠋࡦࡘࡵࡣࠊ➨ 3 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠺ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡢࡔ㸽(23) ࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊㄆ▱ࢆᝈࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ศ ⮬㌟ࢆ᰿※ⓗ࡞⪅ᛶࡋ࡚⤒㦂ࡋࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢࡇ ⓶⫗࡞ࡇࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠸࠺ ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽ⮬㌟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ㌟ ࠕ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡛ࠖࠕྍゎࠖ࡞㌟యࡢዟᗏࠊ ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ⤒㦂ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ ᨾࡢ⏕Ꮡ⪅ࡢࠕᨃఝே᱁ࠖ࠸࠺ࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ ࠸࠺ࠊࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕ᰿※ⓗᭀຊᛶࠖ ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞ࠖᏑᅾࢆぢฟࡋࡓ▐㛫ࠊᙼࡗ࡚ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡩࡓࡘࡵࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࡣ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡢⱞ③ᭀຊ ࢆㄒࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㧗㱋⪅ࡀㆤࢆࠕཷࡅࡿࠖ ᛶࢆకࡗ࡚㏕ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ ࠸࠺⤒㦂㝶ࡍࡿᭀຊᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㧗㱋⪅ ⤖ᯝࠊ≀ㄒࡢ⤖ᮎ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡣࠊࢸ ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢே㛫ࡀࠊࠕ⮬ࡽࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ㑂 ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢆ༢࡞ࡿࠕቯࢀࡓᶵᲔࠖࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡇࠊ Ᏺࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⤒㦂ࡋࡓฟ᮶ࢆ᪤Ꮡࡢ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ┱୍ࡘືࡉࡎࠖᗫᲠฎศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠑ⾲㇟ࠒᅇࡋᑾࡃࡑ࠺ࡍࡿຊࢆ㧗㱋⪅ (24) ࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋ ぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢⱞᝎࡶࡲࡓࠊ ⾜ࠖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡼࡿᭀຊᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ㆤ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋⪅ࠕᭀຊⓗࠖാࡁࡅࠊ㧗㱋⪅ ࡇࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ⤖ᒁࡣᙼࡢ⊂ࡾ┦᧞㐣ࡂ࡞ ࡀࡑࡢࠕᭀຊࠖࢆࡦࡁ࠺ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ ࠸ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡶゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠕᑓ㛛ᐙࠖ ࡘࠕࢣࠖ࠸࠺ႠࡳࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᏎࡴᭀຊᛶ࡛࠶ ࡽぢࢀࡤࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࡿ(26)ࠋࡇࡢኳ⏣ࡀ㏙ࡿࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡣࠊୖ࡛ᘬ ࡣ༢࡞ࡿᨾ㞀㸻㞀ᐖ㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠕ᧿ࡾษ ⏝ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢゝⴥࢆࡾ࡚ゝ࠸┤ࡍࡍࢀ ࢀࡓࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ┙ࠖࡢពࡋᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡤࠊࡲࡉㆤࡢሙ࠾࠸࡚ㆤ⪅ࡀㆤࡉࢀࡿ ࡋࡋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊࡑࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ㏦ࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ ㌟యࢆࠕ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ≬Ẽࡢཧຍ⪅ࠖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࣮ࢪࠊࡑࡇྵࡲࢀࡓṚ⪅ࡓࡕࡢྉࡧࡣࠊࣆࣝࢡ ࡼ࠺࡞༴㝤ᛶ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࢫࢆ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡢⱞᝎᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢸ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜࠸ࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࡞࠸ࡔࡅࠊࣆ ࡔࡽࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡣࠊㆤࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕᕼ ࣝࢡࢫࡗ࡚వィ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ ᮃࠖࡢ≀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿྠㆤࡢࠕኻᩋࠖ㛵ࡍ ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ≀ㄒ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࣭㌟ యⓗ࡞ࠕࡧࡅࠖࢆకࡗ࡚ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ๓❧ࡕ ࠝࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠞᶵᲔ⨥ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡓࠋ ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ┦ᡭࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕ⌮ゎࡣ ே㛫ࡀᶵᲔࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ࠼࡚ࠊࡑ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡅࢀࡶཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ቃᆅࠊ ࢀࡼࡗ࡚ᶵᲔࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ≬Ẽࡢཧຍ⪅ ඛゝཬࡋࡓኳ⏣ࡢゝⴥ㐵࠸ࢆ⏝ࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡲࡓᙼࡣࠊே㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ ࠼ࡤࠊ⪅ࡽࡢࠕࡧࡅࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ ࢀࡿࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢࠕ⬺⮻ࠖࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡉ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ඹྠᛶ (27) 㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡗ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡦࡓࡧࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟ యࡀⓎࡍࡿࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖࡢ୰ఱࡽࡢࠕࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟ࠖ࡞ࠕே᱁ࠖࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊࡑ ࢀࡢᭀຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡸ ྰࡸࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣᙼࡗ࡚⪏࠼㞴࠸ⱞᝎࢆࡶ ࡓࡽࡍᏑᅾࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀ⪅ࡢㆤࢆᚲせࡍࡿ㌟య┤㠃ࡋ ࡓ㝿ࡢࡦࡘࡢ㝼㊰ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ ᭱⤊ⓗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢆ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕቯࢀࡓᶵᲔࠖ ࡋ࡚ᗫᲠฎศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࡼࡗࡓࡢࡣ␗ ࡞ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࠕᨾ 㞀ࡋࡓ㌟యࠖࡣࠊ⡆༢Რ࡚⨨࠸ࡓࡾぢ㝈ࡗ࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠸ ࠺ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟యࢆ๓ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢጼࡣࠊ ㆤ࠸࠺⤒㦂ෆᅾࡍࡿᕼᮃ⤯ᮃࢆᴟ㝈ⓗ࡞ ᙧ࡛ᥥࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ ࠋ ࡔࡽࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀ WHUPLQXV ࡗ࡚ே㛫ᛶ㠀ே㛫ᛶࡢ㛫ࡢࠕቃ⏺ࠖࢆ♧ࡍᏑ ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊㆤࡉࢀࡿ⪅ࡢ㌟య┤㠃 WHUPLQXV ࡋࡓᡃࠎࡢ⌮ᛶࡢࠕ㝈⏺ࠖࢆࡋࡿࡋ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ♧ࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵ ࢺࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࠊࡑࢀࡀே㛫✺ࡁ ࡅ࡚ࡃࡿᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤࡣࠊᚋ㛫㐪࠸࡞ࡃࠕ ㆤࠖ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀࡉࡽ๓ᬒࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠺⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࣜࣜࢸࢆᣢ ࡗ࡚ㄞࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ 㸦1㸧Stanisãaw Lem, OpowieĤci o pilocie Pirxie, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1968ࠋ௨ୗࠊᮏసࡽ ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠕOPPࠖ␎グࡋࠊཧ↷࣮࣌ࢪ␒ ྕࡣ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻㄒ∧ࡣ 1986 ᖺࡢ Wydawnictwo Literackie ∧ࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡣࣁࣖ࢝࣡ SF ᩥ ᗜ∧㸦ࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ ≀ㄒ࠘ୖୗᕳࠊ῝ぢᙎヂࠊ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2008 ᖺ㸧 ‽ᣐࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏ✏࡛ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿヂᩥࡣ࡚ 15 ➹⪅ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦2㸧᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ࣒ࣞཷᐜࡢ࠶ࡾࡓࡢᴫほࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࠼ࡤࠗSF ࣐࢞ࢪࣥ࠘2006 ᖺ 8 ᭶ྕ㸦ࢫࢱࢽࢫ ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞ㏣≉㞟ྕ㸧㘓ࡢྛㄽ⪃ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 㸦3㸧Maãgorzata Szpakowska, Dyskusje ze Stanisãawem Lemem, Warszawa: Open, 1996: 103. 㸦4㸧ibid., 93. 㸦5㸧Jerzy Jarzčbski, “Pirx i sekrety czãowieczeęstwa (posãowie),” Stanisãaw Lem, OpowieĤci o pilocie Pirxie, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2000: 443-448. 㸦6㸧ཱྀ㧗ᚿࠊ ࠗㄆ▱ᐙ᪘ㆤࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ̿̿᪂ࡋ࠸ ㄆ▱ࢣ௦ࡢ⮫ᗋ♫Ꮫ࠘ࠊᮾಙᇽࠊ2007 ᖺࠋ 㸦7㸧⩝⨾ࠊ ࠕㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡢࠗ┦ゎୡ⏺࠘ࡢࠗᵓ ⠏࠘̿̿S ㆤ⪁ேಖタ࠾ࡅࡿࠗ᪥ᖖ⏕ά ୡ⏺࠘ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᐇ㊶ࠖࠊ ࠗࢯࢩ࢜ࣟࢪ࠘54(3)ࠊ 37-54 㡫ࠊ2010 ᖺࠋ 㸦8㸧OPP: 94-96; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 155-157 㡫ࠋ 㸦9㸧OPP: 118; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 192 㡫ࠋ 㸦10㸧OPP: 116; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 189 㡫ࠋ 㸦11㸧ኳ⏣ᇛࠊ ࠗ ࠑ⪁࠸⾶࠼ࡺࡃࡇࠒࡢ♫Ꮫ㹙ቑ ⿵ᨵゞ∧㹛࠘ ࠊከ㈡ฟ∧ࠊ2010 ᖺࠋ 㸦12㸧࣭࢝ࣞࣝࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࠊ ࠗࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦R.U.R.㸧 ࠘ࠊ༓ 㔝ᰤ୍ヂࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2003 ᖺࠋ 㸦13㸧ࢨࢵࢡ࣭ࢩࣔࣇࠗࢃࢀࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠝỴᐃ ∧ࠞ࠘ᑠᑿⰧబヂࠊ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2004 ᖺ㸸5 㡫ࠋవ ㄯࡔࡀࠊࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࡣࡇࡢࢩࣔࣇࡢࠕ୕ ཎ๎ࠖࢆᡭཝࡋࡃᢈุࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࡶ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣒ࣞࡢᢈุࡢせⅬࡣࠊࡈࡃ⡆༢ゝ࠺ࡇࡢࠕ୕ ཎ๎ࠖࡀㄽ⌮ⓗ▩┪ࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊᚑࡗ࡚⌧ᐇ ࡣỴࡋ࡚࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋStanisãaw Lem, Fantastyka i futurologia tom 2, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1989. 㸦14㸧Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Uto- pian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988: 148. 㸦15㸧࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿࠕປാ➇தࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ ୗࢆཧ↷ࠋHubert Wilk, Kto wyrĈbie wičcej ode mnie? Wspóãzawodnictwo pracy robotników w Polsce w latach 1947 – 1955, Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN i Wydawnictwo TRIO, 2011. 㸦16㸧࣒ࣞࡀึࡢ༢⾜ᮏࠗ㔠ᫍᛂ⟅࡞ࡋ࠘Astronauci ࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 1951 ᖺࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࠕࢫࢱ࣮ࣜࢽࢬ࣒ࠖࡤࢀࡿ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥࡀᨭ㓄ⓗࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ㛗ࡃぢ✚ࡶࡗ ࡚ࡶ 1949 ᖺࠥ55 ᖺࡈࢁࡢࡈࡃ▷࠸ᮇ㛫ࡍࡂ࡞ ࠸ࠋ 㸦17㸧࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿປാ➇தࡢࠕ∗ࠖ ࡶゝ࠼ࡿປാⱥ㞝ࠊࣦࣥࢶ࢙ࣥࢸ࣭ࣉࢫࢺ ࣟࣇࢫ࢟ࡀẼࡼࡾᛴṚࡋࡓ㸦1948 ᖺ㸧࠸ ࠺ฟ᮶ࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ປാ➇தࡢཧຍ ࡼࡿᗣࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡢᠱᛕࢆࡧ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ປാ➇தࡼࡗ࡚ࣀ࣐ࣝࡀᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶࠊປാ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ປാ➇தࡸປ ാⱥ㞝ࡢᩛពࢆ⏕ࡴせᅉ࡞ࡗࡓࠋWilk, op. cit.: 244, 277-279, 282-284. 㸦18㸧OPP: 127; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 206 㡫ࠋ 㸦19㸧OPP: 128; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 207-208 㡫ࠋ 16 㸦20㸧OPP: 130; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 210 㡫ࠋ 㸦21㸧ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࠗᨾ࠘ࡸࠗ㐠ࡢዪ⚄࠘ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘ࡢ୰ࡣ࠶ࡿព࡛ᶵᲔࡀே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࠕᚰࠖࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺సရࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ㄒࡣ࣒ࣞ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㏫ㄝⓗ ࡶࠕே㛫ࠖࠕᶵᲔࠖࡢ㛫ࡢ␗㉁ࡉࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿ ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣖࢪ࢙ࣥࣈࢫ࢟ࡀᣦࡍࡿ ࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢసရ࠾࠸࡚ᶵᲔࡀே㛫ࡽཷࡅ ⥅࠸ࡔࠕே㛫ᛶࠖࡣࠊᶵᲔࡗ࡚ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ◚⁛ ⓗ࡞༴㝤ࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Jarzčbski, op. cit.: 446-447. 㸦22㸧Jerzy Jarzčbski, “Stanislaw Lem, Rationalist and Visionary,” translated by Franz Rottensteiner, Science-Fiction Studies 4 (2): 110-126, 1977. ࠼ࡤࠊ࣒ࣞࡢ௦⾲స࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢯ ࣛࣜࢫ࠘ࡢࣛࢫࢺ࡛ࠊேබࡢࢣࣝࣅࣥࡀࢯࣛࣜࢫ ࡢࠕᾏࠖࡢ⦕ࡓࡓࡎࡴ⨾ࡋ࠸ࢩ࣮ࣥࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾྠ ᵝࡢࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ᰿※ⓗ࡞ዎᶵࢆᥥ ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ Stanisãaw Lem, Solaris, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1961.㸦㸻ࠗࢯ ࣛࣜࢫ࠘ ࠊ㔝⩏ヂࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜ࠊ2004 ᖺࠋ 㸧 㸦23㸧OPP: 136; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 220-221 㡫ࠋ 㸦24㸧OPP: 136-137; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 222-223 㡫ࠋ 㸦25㸧OPP: 136-137; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 222 㡫ࠋ 㸦26㸧ኳ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖ᭩㸸486-487 㡫ࠋ 㸦27㸧ྠ᭩㸸505 㡫ࠋ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 17 ⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus” Sho Sugawara≍1 ⁅⁛‒ Stanisáaw Lem, one of the most famous Polish writers of the second half of the 20th century, consistently dealt with the problems of human cognition in his works, questioning the possibility of contact with the incomprehensible “others.” His perspective and consideration are very suggestive for many contemporary sociological issues, such as the relationship and mutual understanding between a caretaker and caregiver in caring for people with dementia. From this perspective, this paper examines the representation of the body of the robot in Lem’s short story “Terminus” and considers the possibility of “acceptance” of the incomprehensible others. One of the most striking points of this story is that the body of Terminus—a robot—is presented as the body of an elderly person with dementia, and that Pirx—the protagonist—is forced to somehow respond to this robot’s “disabled” body. Considering the “responsibility” of human beings in the face of such a disabled body, this paper presents both the hope and difficulties inherent in the caring for people with dementia. äääääääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… Stanisáaw Lem, “Terminus”, science fiction, dementia, robot Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 19 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ Ҿᓸᛯ૨‒ Sādhananidhi ̿ Critical Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts of Chapters from 4 to 7 ‒ Kambala’s Tsunehiko Sugiki* ⁅⁛‒ This paper intends to provide the first critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Sādhananidhi ("A Store of Sādhana Practices") composed by Kambala, as well as a preliminary analysis of the contents of these chapters, as part of a comprehensive study of the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist literature in medieval South Asia. Kambala's Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhānatantra. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are commentaries on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna, respectively. The Major topics of these chapters are the visualization practice of the twenty-four couples of male and female deities in one’s body, the funda- mental mantra, and the visualization practice of the six armor deities for protecting oneself. äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ‽⁗⁖‒ ääääääääääääääääääää Kambala, Sādhananidhi, Cakrasaṃvara, Herukābhidhāna, Buddhist Tantra Introduction This paper intends to provide the first critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Sādhananidhi ("A Store of Sādhana Practices")1 composed by Kambala, as well as a preliminary analysis of the contents of these chapters, as part of a comprehensive study of the Cakrasaṃvara (or -śaṃvara) Buddhist literature in medieval South Asia. Kambala's Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhānatantra (abbrev. 2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ ǫȳȐȩ˺ƀݼඥƷᔺࡉƁÜÜᇹ 4᳸7 ᇘƷǵȳǹǯȪȃȈᛖȷȁșȃȈᛖఄᚖȆǭǹȈÜÜ *ᮡᮌᜏᙪ 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᏛ㒊 1 The available Sanskrit manuscripts give the title Sādhananidhi to this work. However, according to the Tibetan translations that I used for the present edition, the title of this work is sGrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi and the translators’ transcription of its Sanskrit title is Sādhananidāna. I use the title given in the Sanskrit manuscripts in this paper. 20 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ Herukābhidhāna), which is also named Cakrasaṃvara or Laghusaṃvara. 2 The Herukābhidhāna is the earliest Tantra in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition and was probably compiled in the eastern area of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the ninth and tenth centuries.3 The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are commentaries on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna, respectively. 1. Employed Materials There are two Sanskrit manuscripts (abbrev. Skt ms(s).) of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi that are available in National Archives in Kathmandu: A: Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project (abbrev. NGMPP) no. B31/20, National Archives in Kathmandu. Palm leaf (73 folios). No date (because the final leaf that contains a colophon is missing).4 Chapter 4: 12r3-13r5. Chapter 5: 13r5-13r7. Chapter 6: 13r7-13v6. Chapter 7: 13v6-14r1. B: NGMPP no. E2990/15, National Archives in Kathmandu. Palm leaf (Fragment: 2 folios). No date. I used manuscript (A) for the present edition. Manuscript (B) is a fragment. The two leaves that are available do not contain parts explaining chapters from 4 to 7. For this reason, I did not use manuscript (B) in this paper, the purpose of which is to provide critical editions of chapters from 4 to 7. It is reported by Szántó that some of this text (whose authorship is, however, attributed to Devagupta5) survive in Skt Ms Goettingen Xc 14/30.6 This is not used in this edition. 2 This Tantra is named Herukābhidhāna in every chapter, and is also named Śrīcakrasaṃvara in chapter fifty-one, the final chapter, according to the extant Sanskrit manuscripts of this Tantra [Sugiki (2008 [2010])]. Sanskrit manuscripts of the Ḍākārṇavatantra indicate this Tantra by the name Laghusaṃvara [Sugiki (2007) 17 and 20 (note 4)]. The title Laghusaṃvara is also assigned to this Tantra by the Tibetan translators of it. 3 The date of compilation of the Herukābhidhāna has been analyzed and discussed in Gray (2007) 11-14, Szántó (2008) 216-217, Sanderson (2009) 158-165, Sugiki (2010) 507-510, and Gray (2012) 3-19. As for the place of compilation, see Sanderson (2009) 165-169. 4 I would like to express my thanks to Professor Harunaga Isaacson, who informed me of the existence of Sanskrit manuscript (A) in National Archives in Kathmandu when I was in Oxford from 1998 to 1999. 5 Devagupta composed a commentary on the Herukābhidhāna (whose Tibetan translation is available [D, Tohoku University Catalogue no. 1407]). It is similar to Kambala’s and can be considered to have been compiled in dependence on Kambala’s. As for Devagupta’s commentary, see also Gray (2007) 23. In the present paper, whose chief purpose is to make a Sanskrit edition of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi, I do not report readings in Devagupta’s commentary (because only its Tibetan translation is available to me). I would like to present a detailed study of textual relationship between these two works in the future. 6 Szántó (2012) 249. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 21 The Tibetan translations (abbrev. Tib.) that I used for the edition are as follows: D: Tohoku University Catalogue no. 1401. The Tanjur division of the sDe dge edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka. Chapter 4: 14r1-14v3. Chapter 5: 14v3-14v6. Chapter 6: 14v6-15r6. Chapter 7: 15r6-15v1. P: Otani University Catalogue no. 2118. The Tanjur division of the Peking edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka. Chapter4: 88r1-89r7. Chapter 5: 89r7-89v3. Chapter 6: 89v3-90r4. Chapter 7: 90r4-90r6. N: Vol. cha, 7, 67a-149a (No. 119) of the Narthang edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka deposited in the library of the University of Tokyo. Chapter 4: 80v3-82r2. Chapter 5: 82r2-82r6. Chapter 6: 82r6-82v6. Chapter 7: 82v6-83r1. I used the sDe dge version (D) as the base text for edition because it preserves better readings. However, D is devoid of leaves (13a and 13b) that are supposed to contain parts from the beginning of the fouth chapter up to the passage laṃ laṃ pā ka zhes bya ba phrag par ni rdo rje bzang po dang of paragraph [4.8]. Hence, with regard to these sentences, the edition is based only on P and N. Many passages in the fourh chapter of the Sādhananidhi [4.4-14] closely resemble those found in the fourteenth chapter of the Vajraḍākatantra (abbrev. Vajraḍāka) [Sanskrit edition (abbrev. Skt ed.): Sugiki (2003a), 14.16-19] and Kṛṣṇācārya’s Śrīcakrasaṃvarasādhana (abbrev. Cakrasaṃvarasādhana) [Skt ed.: Sugiki (2000), 35-37]. Most teachings given in the six chapter of the Sādhananidhi [6.2-6.9] can be considered to the same in content as those found in its second chapter [my unpublished Skt ed., 2.24-25, Skt ms. (A), 9b3-10a3]. In order to edit the Sanskrit text of the Sādhananidhi, I draw on Sanskrit editions of those three works in which parallel words or passages are found. The parallel words or passages found in those works are noted in the Notes (Sanskrit Parallels) of the present paper. There are two critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the Herukābhidhāna: (1) Janardan Shastri Pandey, Śrīherukābhidhānam Cakrasaṃvaratantram with the Vivṛti Commentary of Bhavabhaṭṭa, Vols. I and II (Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 2002) and (2) David B. Gray, The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts (New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies, Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US, 2012). I used Gray’s edition. 2. Peculiarities of Meter and Sandhi All verses in the edited chapters can be considered to be śloka (verse no. 2c in 4.15 is 22 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ na-vipulā [although hypermetrical] and others are basically pathyā), but the metrical rule is not always strictly followed. Overs or shorts of syllable, the omission or addition of a pāda, and the reverse of the order of odd and even pādas often occur in verses in Buddhist Tantric scriptures.7 Verses found in the Sādhananidhi are not exceptions. In the edition, I have indicated hypermetrical pādas and hypometrical pādas by signs “e” and “o,” respectively. I have shown the omission or addition of a pāda and the reverse of the order of odd and even pādas by “◊” (representing the place of pāda division). As for the sandhi rules, in the fourth chapter of the Sādhananidhi, initial and last letters of personal names of deties, initial and last letters of names of holy sites, seed letters (bīja), and the last letter of a word that comes before the names of deities and holy sites and seed letters are released from the rules. The same peculiarities occur in parallel passages found in the Vajraḍāka and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (as for the parallels, see also Note (Sanskrit Parallels)). Since we can not rule out a possibility that the peculiarities are inherent to the passages shared by the three works, I have not applied the classical sandhi rules to these cases. (The peculiarities may occur to make the names of deities and sites and seed letters clearer.) For example, bhrūmadhye rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā (4.5) for bhrūmadhye rāmevare ’mitābha-kharvary asthimālāvahā. Its paralles found in the Vajraḍāka (14.17) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35) are rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā and rāmeśvare bhrūmadhye amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā, respectively. 3. Editorial Policy and Conventions As mentioned earlier, the Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhāna. Words that are quoted from the Herukābhidhāna, or pratīka, in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi (and equivalent words in its Tibetan translation) are indicated in italics with the signs and numbers that represent the locations of those words in the Herukābhidhāna of Gray’s edition [Gray (2012)]. For example, “tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayantī-(HA 4.1ab)-ti” in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi [4.1] means that the italicized words tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayanti are quoted from HA 4.1ab, namely, the verse no. 1ab (viz., the first and second pādas of the first verse) of the fourth chapter in the Herukābhidhāna (HA) of Gray’s edition. If the words are quoted from prose sentences, I have indicated them by page and line numbers. For example, “'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba” in the Tibetan Sādhananidhi [5] means that the word ’dir is quoted from line 11 on page 68, in the fifth chapter, of the Herukābhidhāna (HA) of Gray’s edition. Signs used for the critical apparatus (both in Sanskrit and Tibetan texts) are as fol7 With regard to the metrical irregularities found in the Buddhakapālatantra (a Buddhist Tantric scripture), see Luo (2010) xliii-xliv. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 23 lows: ac add. ante correction added in cf. conj. corr. em. m.c. confer conjecture correction of orthographical variants emendation metri causa n.e. om. pc r v no equivalent in omitted in post correction recto verso ◊ marks pāda division (pāda ◊ is odd pāda, and ◊ pāda is even pāda) hypermetrical pāda pādae pādao hypometrical pāda .. . ++ an akṣara illegible due to blurring part(s) of an akṣara illegible due to blurring an akṣara illegible due to damage of leaf + ’ ‹› {} {{ }} <> part(s) of an akṣara illegible due to damage of leaf avagraha (in Sanskrit) contain akṣaras added in manuscript contain akṣaras cancelled by means of small stroke(s) contain akṣaras cancelled by erasure contain emendational additions ʘ ˅ string-hole kākapāda added at the top of the line / // ¦ *word(s) daṇḍa or shad dvidaṇḍa or nyis shad line-filling sign (broken daṇḍa) Sanskrit word(s) reconstructed from Tibetan translation I have marked accepted readings by a lemma sign ‘]’. This is followed by information of how the readings were decided and by variant reading(s). For example, “pada<ṃ> ] em.; pada A” in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi [4.2] means: “The accepted reading ‘padaṃ’ is an emendation (em.) of A’s reading ‘pada’.” Punctuation as well as division into verses or paragraphs is editorial. The used 24 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ punctuation marks are daṇḍas, double daṇḍas, and commas. (In Sanskrit prose passages, I have used double daṇḍas at the end of a paragraph.) I have not reported conventional daṇḍas except for those suggesting a different syntactical interpretation. I have consistently applied the classical rules of sandhi except for cases that I mentioned earlier and cases in which the rules are not applied to accommodate the meter. Orthographical variants that I have not reported are: gemination of consonants after –r, degemination of t before –v, nonoccurrence of avagraha, and nonapplication (or misapplication) of sandhi, except for those suggesting a possibility of different interpretation. However, when they appear in the apparatus, I have noted them. 4. Major Topics in the Edited Chapters of the Sādhananidhi The contents of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna can be summarized as follows. The fourth chapter, titled “Unity of Vīras and Yoginīs” (vīrayoginyadvaya, Skt ed., p. 68, l. 6), teaches names of twenty-four Ḍākinīs, or magical female beings, and their mantras (mantra). The fifth chapter, titled “Extraction of letters of the fundamental mantra” (mūlamantrasyākṣaroddhāra, Skt ed., p. 77, l. 5), and the seventh chapter, titled “Extraction of the mantra” (mantroddhāra, Skt Ed, p. 89, l. 5), expound letters that constitute the fundamental mantra (mūlamantra).8 The sixth chapter, titled “Extraction of the armor of six Vīras” (ṣaḍvīrakavacoddhāra, Skt ed., p. 78, l. 7), mainly explains the six armor mantras of Vīras (heroes). Most chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are more than literal commentaries on the Herukābhidhāna: Kambala often utilizes various ideas or teachings that do not appear (or are only briefly mentiond) in the Herukābhidhāna in order to elucidate implied meanings 8 The fundamental mantra is also taught in the twenty-fifth chapter of the Herukābhidhāna. The fundamental mantra is as follows: oṃ namo bhagavate vīreśāya mahākalpāgnisaṃnibhāya jaṭāmakuṭotkaṭāya daṃṣṭrākarālograbhīṣaṇamukhāya sahasrabhujabhāsurāya paraśupāśodyataśūlakhaṭvāṃgadhāriṇe vyāghrājināmbaradharāya mahādhūmrāndhakāravapuṣāya kara kara kuru kuru bandha bandha trāsaya trāsaya kṣobhaya kṣobhaya hrauṃ hrauṃ hraḥ hraḥ pheṃ pheṃ phaṭ phaṭ daha daha paca paca bhakṣa bhakṣa vaśarudhirāntramālāvalambine gṛhṇa gṛhṇa saptapātālagatabhujaṃgasarpaṃ vā tarjaya tarjaya ākaṭṭa ākaṭṭa hrīṃ hrīṃ jñauṃ jñauṃ kṣmāṃ kṣmāṃ hāṃ hāṃ hīṃ hīṃ hūṃ hūṃ kili kili sili sili cili cili dhili dhili hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ. In his Sādhananidhi, Kambala comments that the former half of this mantra from namo bhagavate to mahādhūmrāndhakāravapuṣāya (before kara kara), in which eight features of the lord are recited, is named “Eight pada mantra” (aṣṭapadamantra) [5]. The mantra can be translated as follows: “Oṃ. Salute to the lord, who is the ruler of vīras; who has the appearance of the great fire at the end of a kalpa, who wears the crest of twisted hair, who looks violent and horrible with his mouth open to show the tusks, who is shining with one thousand arms, who holds up an axe and a rope and has a spear and a khaṭvāṅga staff, who wears a garment of the skin of a tiger, and who is marvelously beautiful like the great smoke-colored darkness. Kara kara. Kuru kuru [or “Do, do”]. Bind, bind. Frighten, frighten. Shake, shake. Hrauṃ hrauṃ. Hraḥ hraḥ. Pheṃ pheṃ. Phaṭ phaṭ. Burn, burn. Roast, roast. Eat, eat. For [you who] cling to the fat, blood, and entrails. Grasp, grasp. Or, threaten, threaten the snakes residing in the seven underworlds. Heap, heap. Hrīṃ hrīṃ. Jñauṃ jñauṃ. Kṣmāṃ kṣmāṃ. Hāṃ hāṃ. Hīṃ hīṃ. Hūṃ hūṃ. Kili kili. Sili sili. Cili cili. Dhili dhili. Hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ.” 25 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi of passages in the Herukābhidhāna. Let us overview those teachings that appear in the fourth, and sixth chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi. (The fifth and seventh chapters are literal commentaries.) Internalized twenty-four couples of Vīra and Ḍākinī [4.1-4.14] Kambala interprets the passages mentioning the names of twenty-four Ḍākinīs in the fourth chapter of the Herukābhidhāna [4.1-4.3] as explaining a contemplation of the twenty-four couples of Vīra (i.e., male deity) and Ḍākinī (or Vīreśvarī, i.e., female deity) residing in twenty-four areas of one’s body. The twenty-four body areas are equated with the twenty-four external holy sites, where the twenty-four couples are believed to reside. The twenty-four Vīras take the form of various components that constitute one’s body. The twenty-four Ḍākinīs assume the form of twenty-four inner channels (nāḍī) in one’s body. The inner channels (viz., the Ḍākinīs) run through the twenty-four body areas (viz., inner holy sites), and deliver, or are linked to, the body components (viz., the Vīras). The contemplation starts with the visualization of twenty-four letters that are indicative of the twenty-four holy sites. Each of the letters is the initial syllable of the name of each holy site with ṃ (anusvāra) attached. For example, the letter that indicates the holy site named Pullīramalaya is Puṃ. A practitioner visualizes the letters on particular areas of his body in order. TABLE 1 shows details of the instruction. The twenty-four holy sites are grouped into ten site categories such as the Pīṭhe, Upapīṭha, and so on. TABLE 1 Internal Forms of Twenty-four Couples of Vīra and Ḍākinī Letters Body ar- Holy sites eas Couples of Body components Vīra&Ḍākinī Pīṭha 1 Puṃ Head Pullīramalaya Khaṇḍakapālin& Pracaṇḍā Fingernails and teeth 2 Jāṃ Top of the head Jālandhara Mahākaṅkāla& Caṇḍākṣī Head hair and body hair 3 Oṃ Right ear Oḍḍiyāna Kaṅkāla& Prabhāvatī Skin and scurf 4 Aṃ Back of the head Arbuda Vikaṭadaṃṣṭrin& Flesh Mahānāsā Left ear Godāvarī Surāvairin& Upapīṭha 5 Goṃ Vīramatī Muscle 26 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ 6 Rāṃ Between the eyebrows Rāmeśvara Amitābha& Kharvarī Bones 7 Deṃ Eyes Devīkoṭa Vajraprabha& Laṅkeśvarī Liver 8 Māṃ Roots of arms Mālava Vajradeha& Drumacchāyā Heart Armpits Kāmarūpa Aṅkurika& Eyes Kṣetra 9 Kāṃ Airāvatī 10 Oṃ Breasts Oḍra Vajrajaṭila& Mahābhairavā Bile Upakṣetra 11 Triṃ Navel Triśakuni Mahāvīra& Vāyuvegā Lung 12 Koṃ Tip of the nose Kausala (= Kosala) Vajrahūṃkāra& Surābhakṣī Intestines Chandoha 13 Kaṃ Mouth Kaliṅga Subhadra& Śyāmādevī Lines of ribs 14 Laṃ Throat Lampāka Vajrabhadra& Subhadrā Stomach Upacchandoha 15 Kaṃ Heart Kāñcī Mahābhairava& Hayakarṇā Feces 16 Hiṃ Penis Himālaya Virūpākṣa& Middle of the Khagānanā hair parting Mahābala& Phlegm Melāpaka 17 Preṃ Genital Pretādhivāsinī organ 18 Gṛṃ Cakravegā Anus Gṛhadevatā Ratnavajra& Khaṇḍarohā Pus Upamelāpaka 19 Sauṃ Thighs Saurāṣṭra Hayagrīva& Śauṇḍinī Blood 20 Suṃ Shanks Suvarṇadvīpa Ākāśagarbha& Cakravarmiṇī Sweat 27 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi Śmaśāna 21 Naṃ Toes Nagara Śrīheruka& Suvīrā Fat 22 Siṃ Soles Sindhu Padmanarteśvara& Mahābalā Tears Upaśmaśāna 23 Maṃ Big toes Maru Vairocana& Cakravartinī Saliva 24 Kuṃ Knees Kulatā Vajrasattva& Mahāvīryā Snivel Kambala’s instructuion summarized above is in accordance with the general ideas on the internal mandala (maṇḍala) of twenty-four holy sites that can be found in many scriptures belonging to the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition.9 Of those scriptures, teachings found in the fourteenth chapter of the Vajraḍākatantra and in Kṛṣṇācārya’s Cakrasaṃvarasādhana can be considered to be most closely related to Kambala’s instruction [See Note (Sanskrit Parallels) of the present paper]. Visualization of the six armor seals [6.2-6.9 and 2.24-2.25] This is also a quite popular practice in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition. A practitioner visualizes the six armor seals (kavacamudrā)10 on particular areas of his body to protect himself from evils. The six seals mean six deities, whose major function is protection and who are respectively named Vajrasattva, Vairocana, Padmanarteśvara, Heruka, Vajrasūrya, and Paramāśvavajra (or Paramāśva according to Tib: rta mchog, which is more general). Each deity has his own consort female deity. Although the visualization practice of the six armor deities are taught (or mentioned) in chapters 6, 8, and 13 in the Herukābhidhāna, Kambala expounds the practice in chapter 6 [6.2-6.9] of his Sādhananidhi. He also explains a visualization practice of the six armor deities in chapter 2 [2.24-2.25: See Note (Sanskrit Parallels)], which can be considered to be the same in content. Details of the practice of armor deities taught in chapters 2 and 6 can be summarized as follows: All six armor deities have one face with three eyes and a tuft of hair at the top. The face is ugly with fearsome tusks, and a cloth ornament is attached to the tuft of hair. They all have four arms and hold a bell (ghaṇṭā) with their first left hand, a staff (khaṭvāṅga) with a skull bowl (kapāla) with their second left hand, and a drum (ḍamaru) with their 9 As for forms and types of the internal mandala and their history in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition, see Sugiki (2003b), and Sugiki (2007) 135-192. 10 The word “six armor seals” (kavacamudrā) appears in chapter 2 of the Sādhananidhi [2.24]. 28 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ second right hand. They are adorned with all good ornaments, stand in the Alidha (ālīḍha) posture, and wear an Akṣobhya crown. Features differing between the six deities are as follows: (1) Vajrasattva is visualized at the heart. His seed letters and symbol are Oṃ Ha and a Vajra (vajra), respectively. He is white in color. With his first right hand he holds a Vajra while embracing Vārāhī, who is red. (2) Vairocana is visualized in the head. His seed letters and symbol are Namaḥ Hi and a disk (cakra). He is yellow in color. With his first right hand he holds a disk while embracing Yāminī, who is dark blue. (3) Padmanarteśvara is visualized on the top of the head. His seed letters and symbol are Svāhā Hu and a lotus (padma). He is red in color. With his first right hand he holds a lotus while embracing Mohanī, who is white. (4) Heruka is visualized on the shoulders. His seed letters and symbol are Vauṣaṭ He and a Vajra. He is dark blue in color. With his first right hand he holds a dark blue Vajra whose mouth is wide open (nīlakarālavajra). With the same hand he embraces Saṃcālanī, who is green. (5) Vajrasūrya is visualized in the eyes. His seed letters and symbol are Hūṃ Hūṃ Ho and a jewel (ratna). He is red (like molten gold) in color. With his first right hand he holds a jewel while embracing Saṃtrāsanī, who is gray (or is of light color like the sky).11 (6) Paramāśvavajra is visualized in the forehead permeating all limbs of the body. 12 His seed letters and symbol are Phaṭ Haṃ and a crossed Vajra (viśvavajra). He is green in color. With his first right hand he holds a crossed Vajra while embracing Caṇḍikā, who is gray. The six consort female deities mentioned above (i.e., Vārāhī, Yāminī, Mohanī, Saṃcālanī, Saṃtrāsanī, and Caṇḍikā) have one face with three eyes and are complete with four arms. They are naked, with their hair unbound, and are adorned with the five symbols (pañcamudrā). With their first two hands they hold a drum (right) and a bell (left). With their second two hands they hold a knife (karttikā) (right) and a staff with a skull bowl (left). 13 11 Saṃtrāsanī is gray according to chapter 2 [2.24] and is of light color like the sky according to chapter 6 [6.7]. 12 Paramāśvavajra is described as permeating all limbs of the body in chapter 2 [2.24] and is taught to be visualized in the forehead in chapter 6 [6.8]. 13 Chapter 2 futher teaches that the same six armor female deities ― separate from their consort male deities ― are then visualized on areas of the body (probably the body areas of the practitioner’s female partner for her protection): (1) Vajravārāhī (transformed from the seed letters Oṃ Vaṃ) at the navel area; (2) Yāminī (from Hāṃ Yoṃ) at the heart; (3) Mohanī (from Hrīṃ Moṃ) in the mouth; (4) Saṃcālanī (from Hreṃ Hrīṃ) in the head; (5) Saṃtrāsanī (from Hūṃ Hūṃ) on the top of the head; and (6) Caṇḍikā (from Phaṭ Phaṭ) permeating all limbs of the body [2.27]. This is not taught in chapter 6. Features of the six armor female deities are also explained in chapter 8 [Skt ms (A), 16a6-b5]. However, with regard to the features of Vārāhī, chapter 8 gives a different explanation. In chapter 8 she has three faces and six arms. 29 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 5. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 4 tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayantī-(HA 4.1ab)-ti / tatra bhuvanāni sarvanāḍyāni, teṣu vividham āropaṇaṃ vijṛmbhaṇaṃ pīṭhavīravīreśvarīṇām ity arthaḥ / [4.1] / de nas mkha' 'gro ma rnams kyis // sa rnams la ni rol pa ste /(HA 4.1ab) zhes bya ba de la / sa rnams ni rtsa rnams thams cad de / de rnams su rol pa ni gnas rnams su dpa' bo dang dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma rnams rnam pa sna tshogs kyis gtsubs shing gnas so zhes bya ba'i don no // [4.1] ********** mahāvīrye-(HA 4.1c)-ti padaṃ viparyāsena draṣṭavyam iti / 14 cittacakram āditaḥ, pracaṇḍām āditaḥ, anulomavilomena, nyāsa evaṃ prakurvīta / vākkāyacakrayor yāvan mahāvīryāntāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ /15 [4.2] brtson chen (HA 4.1c) zhes bya ba ni go bzlog pa'i tshig tu blta bar bya ste / thog mar thugs kyi 'khor lo la rab tu gtum mo dang por sbyar nas /16 lugs su 'byung ba dang lugs las bzlog pa dgod cing rab tu sprul pa / de ltar gsung dang sku'i 'khor lo la yang ji srid brtson chen ma'i mthar thug pa rnams rab tu gnas pa'o // [4.2] ********** yathā bāhyaṃ tathādhyātmaṃ ◊ kāyavākcittamadhyataḥ //1//17 [4.3] / sku gsung thugs kyi dbus su ni / ji ltar phyi rol nang de bzhin /1/ zhes pa / [4.3] ********** tatra ̿ puṃ, śirasi pullīramalaye khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā /18 jāṃ, śikhāyāṃ jālandhare mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā /19 oṃ, dakṣiṇakarṇe oḍḍiyāne 14 iti ] A; n.e. Tib. pada<ṃ> ] em.; pada A. -cakrayor ] A; 'khor lo la yang Tib. mahāvīryāntā<ḥ> pratiṣṭhitā<ḥ> ] conj. (ji srid brtson chen ma'i mthar thug pa rnams rab tu gnas pa'o Tib); mahāvīryāntā pratiṣṭhitaṃ A. 16 rab tu gtum mo ] em.; rab tu gtum pa DPN. 17 zhes pa add. Tib. 18 <puṃ> ] em. (puṃ Tib, but pu in both P and N); om. A. -vahā ] em.; vāhā A. cf. -vahā Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). 19 mahākaṅkāla- ] em.; mahākaṅkālaś A. cf. mahākaṅkāla- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). -roma- ] corr.; loma A. cf. -roma- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana 15 30 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī tvaṅmalavahā / 20 aṃ, pṛṣṭhavaṃśe arbude vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-mahānāsā piśitavahā /21 pīṭham /22 [4.4] de la / puṃ pu llī ra ma la ya zhes mgo bor ni thod pa'i dum bu can dang rab tu gtum ma ste /23 so dang sen mo 'bab pa'o // dzāṃ dzā la ndha ra zhes bya ba'i spyi gtsug tu ni keng rus chen po dang gtum mig ma ste / skra dang spu 'bab pa'o // auṃ au ḍi yā na zhes bya ba ni rna ba g'yas par keng rus dang 'od ldan ma ste /24 pags pa dang dri ma 'bab pa'o // aṃ a rbu da zhes bya ba rgyab kyi char ni mche ba rnam par gtsigs pa dang sna chen mo ste /25 sha 'bab pa / gnas so // [4.4] ********** goṃ, vāmakarṇe godāvarī surāvairi-vīramatī naharuṃ vahati sarvadā /26 rāṃ, bhrūmadhye rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / 27 deṃ, cakṣuyor devīkoṭe vajraprabhalaṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati / 28 māṃ, bāhumūle mālave vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā /29 upapīṭham //30 [4.5] (35). kaṅkā<la>-prabhāvatī ] em. (keng rus dang 'od ldan ma Tib); kaṃkāprabhāmatī A. prabhāvatī for prabhāmatī Herukābhidhāna (4.4). cf. kaṅkālaprabhāvatī Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). 21 pṛṣṭhavaṃśe ] em. (rgyab kyi char Tib); pādapṛṣṭhavaṃśe A. arbude ] em.; arbuda A. cf. arbude Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- ] em.; vikaṭadaṃṣṭriṇa A. cf. vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). piśitavahā ] em. (sha 'bab pa Tib); pittav{i}hā Aac; pittavahā Apc. In A, a letter hrī is noted below the letter pi of pitta. cf. piśitavahā Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). 22 pīṭha<m> ] em.; pīṭha A. cf. pīṭha Vajraḍāka (14.16). 23 pu<ṃ> ] em.; pu PN. pu llī ra ma la ya ] em.; pu lli ra ma la yar PN. 24 au<ṃ> ] em.; au PN. au ḍi yā na ] corr.; au ḍi yā ṇi P; au ḍi yā ne N. 25 a<ṃ> ] em.; a PN. 26 go<ṃ> ] em.; go A. surāvairi- ] conj.; surāvairiṇa A; lha'i dgra Tib. cf. surāvairi- (surāvairiṇa in both Tokyo Skt ms and Kolkata Skt ms) Vajraḍāka (14.16) and (surāveriṇa in Skt ms) Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). naharuṃ ] A (rgyus pa Tib). In A, letters sa sa are noted below haru of naharuṃ. cf. naharūṃ Vajraḍāka (4.16) and naharuṃ Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). According to Edgerton (1953) Vol.2, 292, both “naharū” and “naharu” mean “sinew,” which accords with Tib. Letters "sa sa" are noted below the letters ha ru of naharu A. 27 rā<ṃ> ] em.; rā A. rāmeśvare ] em.; rāmeśvara A. cf. rāmeśvare Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). amitābha- ] em. ('od dpag med Tib); ami˅tā Aac; ami‹bha›tā Apc. cf. amitābha- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). -mālā- ] em. (phreng ba Tib); malo A. cf. -mālā- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). 28 vajraprabha- ] em. v{r}ajraprabho Aac; vajraprabho Apc. cf. vajraprabha- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and vajraprabhaṃ Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). bukkaṃ ] Aac; ‹kvākvalā› bukkaṃ Apc. cf. bukkaṃ Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). 29 hṛnmaṇḍajā- ] em.; hṛtsaṇajā A; snying Tib. cf. hṛnmaṇḍajā- Vajraḍāka (14.16) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35). 30 upapīṭham ] em.; upapīṭhaḥ A. 20 31 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi goṃ go dā ba rī zhes bya ba ni rna ba g'yon par ni lha'i dgra dang dpa' bo'i blo ma ste / 31 thams cad du rgyus pa 'bab pa'o // rāṃ rā me shwa ra zhes bya ba smin ma'i dbus su ni 'od dpag med dang mi'u thung ma ste / rus pa'i phreng ba 'bab pa'o // deṃ de wi ko ṭi zhes bya ba mig gnyis su ni rdo rje 'od dang lang ka'i dbang phyug ma ste / 32 mchin pa 'bab pa'o // māṃ mā la wa zhes bya ba la lag pa'i rtsa ba gnyis su ni rdo rje sku dang shing gi grib ma ste /33 snying 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i gnas so // [4.5] ********** kāṃ, kakṣayoḥ kāmarūpe aṅkurika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam /34 oṃ, stanayugale oḍre vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā /35 kṣetram /36 [4.6] kāṃ kā ma rū pa zhes bya ba ni mtshan khung gnyis su ni myu gu can dang sa srungs ma ste /37 rtag tu mig 'bab pa'o // oṃ o ḍra zhes bya ba nu ma gnyis su ni rdo rje ral pa dang 'jigs byed chen mo ste /38 mkhris pa 'bab pa'o // zhing ngo // [4.6] ********** triṃ, nābhau triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupphusavahā /39 koṃ, nāsikāgre kausale vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā /40 upakṣetram /41 [4.7] triṃ tri sha ku ni zhes bya ba lte bar ni dpa' bo chen po dang rlung gi shugs ma ste / 42 glo ba 'bab pa'o // koṃ ko sa la zhes bya ba sna'i rtse mor ni rdo rje hūṃ mdzad dang chang 'thung ma ste / rgyu ma'i phreng ba 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i zhing ngo // [4.7] ********** kaṃ, mukhe kaliṅge subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantuvahā / 43 laṃ, kaṇṭhe lampāke 31 go<ṃ> ] em.; go PN. go dā ba rī ] corr.; go da ba ri PN. de<ṃ> ] em.; de PN. 33 mā<ṃ> ] em.; mā PN. 34 kā<ṃ> ] em.; kā A. 35 oḍre ] em.; oḍra A. cf. oḍre Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). vajrajaṭila- ] em. vajrajaṭilo A. cf. vajrajaṭila- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 36 kṣetra<m> ] em.; kṣetra A. cf. kṣetra Vajraḍāka (14.18). 37 kā ma rū <pa> ] em.; ka ma ru PN. 38 o<ṃ> ] em.; o PN. o ḍra ] em.; o ṭe PN. chen mo ] P; chen ma N. 39 mahāvīra- ] em. (dpa' bo chen po Tib); mahāvairi A. cf. mahāvīra- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 40 kausale ] em.; kauśala A. cf. kośale Vajraḍāka (14.18) and kosale Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 41 upakṣetra<m> ] em.; upakṣetra A. cf. upakṣetra Vajraḍāka (14.18). 42 tri<ṃ> ] em.; tri PN. 43 kaliṅge ] em.; kaliṃga A. cf. kaliṅge Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). sub32 32 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī /44 chandohaḥ / [4.8] kaṃ ka li ngga zhes bya ba khar ni shin tu bzang po dang sngo bsangs lha mo ste / rtsib logs kyi chu rgyus 'bab pa'o // laṃ laṃ pā ka zhes bya ba phrag par ni rdo rje bzang po dang shin tu bzang mo ste /45 lto ba 'bab pa'o // tshan do ha'o //46 [4.8] ********** kāṃ, hṛdaye kāñcī mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā / 47 hiṃ, meḍhre himālaye virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā /48 upacchandohaḥ // [4.9] kāṃ kā nytsī zhes bya ba snying gar ni 'jigs byed chen po dang rta rna ma ste /49 bshang ba 'bab pa'o // hiṃ hi ma la ya zhes bya ba chu sor ni mig mi bzang dang bya gdong ma ste / 50 mdoms 'bab pa'o //51 nye ba'i tsha ndo ha'o //52 [4.9] ********** preṃ, liṅge pretādhivāsinī mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmavahā /53 gṛṃ, gude gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyavahā /54 melāpakaḥ / [4.10] hadra- ] em.; subhadraḥ A. cf. subhadra- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 44 la<ṃ> ] em.; la A. lampāke ] em.; lampāka A. cf. lampāke Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). gardabhī ] A; n.e. Tib. cf. gardabhī Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 45 Passages from the beginning of this chapter up to the words “rdo rje bzang po dang” of this sentence are missing in D. 46 tshan do ha ] PN; go tsha ndo ha D. 47 kāṃ ] em.; kaṃ A. kāñcī ] A. cf. kāñcyāṃ Vajraḍāka (14.18) and kāñcī- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). The word “kāñcī,” a holy site (equated with the heart), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “mahābhairava-hayakarṇā,” and the sentence “hṛdaye kāñcī mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā” means “In the heart, [accompanied by her husband] Mahābhairava, Hayakarṇā, [who is the goddess of] Kāñcī, conveys feces.” 48 hi<ṃ> ] em.; hi A. sīmantamadhya- ] em.; śīmāntamadhya A. cf. sīmantamadhya- Vajraḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 49 kā nytsī ] em.; kā nytsir DPN. snying gar ] D; snying kar PN. 'jigs byed chen po ] em.; 'jigs byed chen mo DPN. 50 hi<ṃ> ] em.; hi DPN. hi ma la ya ] D; hi ma PN. 51 mdoms ] D; 'doms PN. 52 tshan do ha ] D; mtshan do ha PN. 53 pre<ṃ> ] em.; pre A. pretādhivāsinī ] A; pre ta pu rī zhes te yi dags gnas pa zhes bya ba Tib. cf. pretādhivāsinī- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37) and pretādhivāsinyāṃ (but pretādhivāsinyī in Skt ms from Kolkata and pretādhivāsini in Skt ms from Tokyo University suggest a possibility of edition as pretādhivāsinī) Vajraḍāka (14.19). The word “pretādhivāsinī,” a holy site (equated with the genital organ), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “mahābala-cakravegā,” and the sentence “liṅge pretādhivāsinī mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmavahā” means “In the genital organ, [accompanied by her husband] Mahābala, Cakravegā, [who is the goddess of] Pretādhivāsinī, transports phlegm.” 54 gṛhadevatā ] A. cf. gṛhadevatā Vajraḍāka (14.19) and gṛhadevatā- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). The word “gṛhadevatā,” a holy site (equated with the anus), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā,” and the sentence “gude gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyavahā” means 33 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi preṃ pre ta pu rī zhes te yi dags gnas pa zhes bya ba mtshan ma ni stobs po che dang 'khor lo'i shugs ma ste /55 bad kan 'bab pa'o // gṛṃ gṛ ha de ba tā zhes bya ba bshang ba'i lam du ni rin chen rdo rje dang dum skyes ma ste /56 rnag 'bab pa'o // 'dus pa'o // [4.10] ********** sauṃ, ūrudvaye saurāṣṭre hayagrīva-śauṇḍinī raktavahā /57 suṃ, jaṅghayoḥ suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā /58 upamelāpakaḥ / [4.11] sauṃ sau rā ṣṭra zhes bya ba brla gnyis su ni rta mgrin dang glang sna ma ste / khrag 'bab pa'o // suṃ su ba rṇa dwī pa zhes bya ba byin pa gnyis su ni nam mkha'i snying po dang 'khor lo'i go cha ma ste / rngul 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i 'dus pa'o // [4.11] ********** naṃ, aṅgulīṣu nagare śrīheruka-suvīrā medovahā / 59 siṃ, sindhupādapṛṣṭhe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati /60 śmaśānam /61 [4.12] naṃ na ga ra zhes bya ba sor mo rnams su ni dpal he ru ka dang shin tu dpa' mo ste / tshil 'bab pa'o // siṃ si ndhu zhes bya ba rkang pa'i bol la ni pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dang stobs chen ma ste / mchi ma 'bab pa'o // dur khrod do // [4.12] ********** maṃ, aṅguṣṭhau maru, vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā /62 kuṃ, kulatāyāṃ jānau vajrasattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī /63 upaśmaśānam //64 [4.13] “In the anus, [accompanied by her husband] Ratnavajra, Khaṇḍarohā, [who is of the goddess of] Gṛhadevatā, transports pus.” 55 pre ta pu rī ] corr.; pre ta pu ri DPN. shugs ma ] DN; shugs can ma P. ste ] DN; te P. 56 lam du ni ] D; lam du PN. 57 sau<ṃ> ] em.; sau A. saurāṣṭre ] em.; saurāṣṭra A. cf. saurāṣṭre Vajraḍāka (14.19) and -saurāṣṭre Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). hayagrī<va>- ] em. (rta mgrin Tib); hayagrī A. cf. hayagrīva- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 58 -dvīpe ākāśa- ] em.; dvī¦pokāśa A. cf. -dvīpe ākāśa- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 59 aṅgulīṣu ] corr.; aṃgurīṣu A. nagare ] em.; nagara A. medo- ] em.; medā A. cf. medo- (medāTokyo Skt ms) Vajraḍāka (14.19) and (medā- Skt ms) Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 60 aśru ] em.; aśrum A. cf. aśru Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 61 ‹śmaśānam› ] Apc (dur khrod do Tib); om. Aac. 62 kheṭa- ] em.; kheṭā A. cf. kheṭa- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 63 kula<tāyāṃ>- ] em.; kula A; ku lu tā Tib. cf. kulatāyāṃ Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). bālasiṃhāṇa- ] corr. (sna chu dang snabs Tib); bālasiṃhāna Aac; bālasiṃghāna Apc. cf. 34 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ maṃ ma ru zhes bya ba mthe bong gnyis la ni rnam par snang mdzad dang 'khor los sgyur ma ste /65 mchil ma 'bab pa'o // kuṃ ku lu tā zhes bya ba pus mo gnyis la ni rdo rje sems dpa' dang brtson 'grus chen mo ste /66 sna chu dang snabs 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i dur khrod ste /67 [4.13] ********** cittavākkāyacakreṣu yathākramāt khecarīṃ bhūcarīṃ cintayet pātālavāsinīṃ ca / 68 etāḥ siddhās tu vai pūrvam (HA 4.4d) iti /69 caturviṃśati (HA 4.4e) pradhānaṃ kṛtvā, sumerureṇusaṃkhyātāḥ, tābhis tāsāṃ grahaṇam /70 asaṃkhyā buddhakoṭaya iti nyāyāt /71 [4.14] thugs dang gsung dang sku rnams rim pa ji lta ba bzhin du mkha' spyod ma dang sa la spyod ma dang sa 'og na gnas par bsam mo // 'di dag sngon gyi grub pa yin (HA 4.4d) zhes bya ba la / nyi shu rtsa bzhi (HA 4.4e) gtso bor byas pas ni ri rab kyi rdul gyi grangs snyed rnams bzung ste /72 de rnams bsdus so // sangs rgyas bye ba grangs med pa'o zhes bya ba ni rigs pa'o // [4.14] ********** svanāmoccāraṇamantrāṇām (HA 4.5a) iti /73 oṃkāradīpakā mantrāḥ ◊ /74 svanāmoccāraṇasahitāe ◊ hūṃ-hūṃ-phaṭ-kārāntayojitāḥe / ◊ jāpya eṣa vidhikramaḥ //2// svanāme-(HA 4.5a)-ti vīravīreśvarīṇām /75 oṃ ḍākinīye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ityādi / oṃ kara bālasiṃhāṇa- Vajraḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 64 upaśmaśāna<m> ] em.; upaśmaśāna A. cf. upaśmaśāna Vajraḍāka (14.19). 65 'khor los sgyur ma ] D; 'khor lo sgyur ma PN. 66 ku lu tā ] corr.; ku lu ta DPN. 67 ste ] DN; te P. 68 * bhūcarīṃ cintayet pātālavāsinīṃ ca ] conj. (sa la spyod ma dang sa 'og na gnas par bsam mo Tib); +ū++++++++++++++lavāsinī A. 69 etā<ḥ siddhā>s tu ] etās tu A. cf. etāḥ siddhās tu Herukābhidhāna (4.4). 70 This sentence apears to mean "caturviṃśati (= caturviṃśatiḍākinīḥ) pradhānaṃ kṛtvā, yā anyāḥ sumerureṇusaṃkhyātāḥ ḍākinyas tābhis (= caturviṃśatiḍākinībhis) tāsāṃ grahaṇam." tābhis ] A; bzung ste Tib. 71 -koṭaya iti ] corr.; koṭayar iti A. 72 byas pas ni ] PN; byas pas na D. bzung ste ] DN; gzung ste P. 73 -ccāraṇa*mantrāṇām <iti> ] em. (brjod pa'i sngags zhes bya ba ni Tib); ccāraṇā ma++++ A. cf. svanāmoccāraṇamantrāṇāṃ Herukābhidhāna (4.5a). 74 *oṃkāra- ] em.; ++kāra A; oṃ gyi Tib. cf. oṃkāra Herukābhidhāna (4.6a). 75 -vīreśvarīṇām ] A; dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma rnams kyi mchog Tib. 35 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi kara khaṇḍakapāli-pracaṇḍe hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ityādi /76 athavā hṛdayamantravidarbhitaṃ māṇḍaleyasahitaṃ mūlamantraṃ japet // [4.15] rang ming brjod pa'i sngags (HA 4.5a) zhes bya ba ni / / gsal byed oṃ gyi sngags dang ni // lhan cig tu ni rang ming brjod / / hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ni mthar sbyar te /77/ cho ga de ltar rim bzhin bzlas //2// zhes pa'o // rang ming (HA 4.5a) zhes bya ba ni dpa' bo dang dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma rnams kyi mchog ste / oṃ ḍā ki nī ye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ /78 ces bya ba la sogs pa dang /79 oṃ ka ra ka ra kha ṇḍa ka pā li na pra tsa ṇḍī ye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ /80 zhes bya ba la sogs pa'o //81 yang na snying po'i sngags dang spel ma'am dkyil 'khor pa'i lha dang gcig pa'i rtsa ba'i sngags bzlas te / [4.15] ********** ◊ abhinnāṅgaśaṅkhavalayena tue śāntikaṃ buddhayogena ◊ /82 pauṣṭike ratnaḍākaṃ tu ◊ vaśye padmapāṇināo //3// uccāṭayed aśvarājenae ◊ dveṣe akṣobhyanāyakaḥ /83 ◊ sarve sarvārthasampadaś cakriṇaś cakrayogāto ◊ //4//84 iti // [4.16] / yan lag ma nyams dung phreng dang // sangs rgyas rnal 'byor gyis zhi ba / / rgyas pa rin chen mkha' 'gro ste // dbang la phyag na pa dma 'o //3// / bskrad pa rta yi rgyal po ste // dbye ba mi bskyod gtso bos so / / kun tu kun don phun tshogs la // 'khor lo can gyi 'khor lo sbyar //4//85 zhes so // [4.16] ********** śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ caturthapaṭalavyākhyā //86 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 khaṇḍakapāli- ] em.; khaṇḍakapālina A. -pracaṇḍe ] A; pra tsa ṇḍī ye Tib. hūṃ hūṃ ] PN; huṃ hūṃ D. ḍā ki nī ye ] DN; ḍā ki nā ye P. hūṃ hūṃ ] P; huṃ hūṃ DN. ces bya ba ] D; zhes bya ba PN. hūṃ hūṃ ] P; huṃ hūṃ DN. zhes bya ba ] D; ces bya ba PN. -śaṅkha- ] Apc; śaṃ{la} Aac. uccāṭayed ] em.; uccā¦ʘṭāyed A. -sampadaś ] em.; sampadāś A. sbyar ] D; sbyor PN. 36 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel gyi sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u bzhi pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //87 6. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 5 tataḥ sarvadharmodayaṃ viśvam (HA 5.1a) iti /88 sarve dharmā [stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste / de rnams kyi 'byung gnas pas na 'dir chos kyi 'byung gnas zhes bya'o // sna tshogs ni brtan pa dang g'yo ba'i bdag nyid do // lte bar mi shigs dge (HA 5.1b) shes bya ba la / mi shigs dge ba ni rdo rje 'dzin pa ste / dge ba rnams 'dzin pa'i phir ro // de bas na chos kun gcig tu bsdu bar bya (HA 5.1d) shes bya ste / bri bar bya (HA 5.1c) zhes bya ba dang 'brel to // 'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba ni]89 dharmodayāyām / tatrastha (HA 5.3a) iti tricakrātmayogavān /90 prastared (HA 5.2d) iti svaravarṇānāṃ prakaraṇam /91 caturthasya yaḥ pañcamam (HA 5.3c) ityādīnām uddharaṇaṃ bhagavato 'ṣṭapadamantram /92 kara kare-(HA 5, p. 76, l. 2)-tyādinā sahitaṃ mūlamantram //93 [5] de nas thams cad chos 'byung bar sna tshogs (HA 5.1a) zhes bya ba la / chos thams cad ni stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste / de rnams kyi 'byung gnas pas na 'dir chos kyi 'byung gnas zhes bya'o // sna tshogs ni brtan pa dang g'yo ba'i bdag nyid do // lte bar mi shigs dge (HA 5.1b) shes bya ba la /94 mi shigs dge ba ni rdo rje 'dzin pa ste / dge ba rnams 'dzin pa'i phir ro // de bas na chos kun gcig tu bsdu bar bya (HA 5.1d) shes bya ste / bri bar bya (HA 5.1c) zhes bya ba dang 'brel to //95 'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba ni chos kyi 'byung gnas la'o // der gnas (HA 5.3a) zhes bya ba ni 'khor lo gsum gyi sbyor ba dang ldan pa'o // rab rgyas bya (HA 5.2d) zhes bya ba ni yi ge rnams phreng du bya ba'o //96 bzhi pa yi ni lnga pa dang (HA 5.3c) zhes bya ba la sogs pa rnams kyis bcom ldan 'das kyi sngags kyi tshigs bcad brgyad pa dang / ka ra ka ra (HA 5, p. 76, l. 2) zhes bya ba la sogs pa dang bcas pas rtsa ba'i sngags btu ba'o // [5] ********** 86 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. caturtha- ] em.; caturthaḥ A. dka' 'grel ] PN; dka' 'brel D. 88 sarvadharmodayaṃ ] A. cf. sarvadharmodaye Herukābhidhāna (5.1a). 89 The sentences put in the parentheses (between “stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste” and “'dir zhes bya ba ni”) are omitted in A and supplemented from Tib. 90 tatrastha iti ] conj.; tatrastho ti A. cf. tatrastham Herukābhidhāna (5.3a) 91 prastared ] A (rab rgyas bya Tib). cf. prastare Herukābhidhāna (5.2d). 92 ityādīnām ] Apc; i// //tyādinām Aac. 93 mūlamantram ] A; rtsa ba'i sngags btu ba'o Tib. 94 lte bar ] PN; gang gi lte bar D. 95 'brel ] PN; 'grel D. 96 rab rgyas bya ] PN; rab rgyas D. zhes bya ba ] D; zhes bya PN. 87 37 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ pañcamapaṭalavyākhyā //97 dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u lnga pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //98 7. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 6 ataḥ paraṃ dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ hṛdayaṃ saptākṣaram upahṛdayam (HA 6.1ab) iti vakṣyamāṇakam //99 [6.1] / gzhan yang yi ge nyi shu gnyis // snying po yig bdun nye snying po /(HA 6.1ab) zhes bya ba ni 'og nas bshad par bya'o // [6.1] ********** yavargāṣṭamaṃ bījam (HA 6.1c) iti dvādaśahakāraḥ / 100 akṣarāntaritaṃ kṛtve-(HA 6.2a)-ti dīrghamātrāsahitena madhyasthitena /101 oṃ ha / namaḥ hi / svāhā hu /102 vauṣaṭ he / hūṃ hūṃ ho /103 phaṭ haṃ // [6.2] ya tshan brgyad pa'i sa bon (HA 6.1c) zhes bya ba ni ha yig bcu gnyis so // dor byas pa (HA 6.2a) zhes bya ba ni dbyangs yig ring po rnams dang lhan cig gyur pa'i dbus na gnas pa rnams te / oṃ-ha na-maḥ-hi swā-hā-hu bau-ṣhaṭ-he hūṃ-hūṃ-ho phaṭ-haṃ rnams so //104 [6.2] ********** hṛdi hakāravajrapariṇataṃ vajrasattvaṃ sitam ekamukhaṃ caturbhujam, 105 dakṣiṇe 97 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. zhes bya ba'i ] DN; zhes ba'i P. 99 a‹taḥ› ] Apc; a{tha} Aac. dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ ] em. (yi ge nyi shu gnyis Tib); dvātriṃśatyakṣaraṃ A. cf. dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.1). 100 yavargāṣṭamaṃ ] A. cf. yavargāc cāṣṭamaṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.1c). 101 akṣarā- ] A; n.e. Tib. 102 nama<ḥ> ] em. (na maḥ Tib); nama A. cf. namaḥ Herukābhidhāna (6.3a). hu ] em. (hu Tib); huṃ A. 103 hūṃ hūṃ ] em. (hūṃ hūṃ Tib); huṃ huṃ A. cf. hūṃ hūṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.3a). 104 hūṃ hūṃ ] PN; huṃ hūṃ D. 105 vajrasattva<ṃ> sita<m> ] em. (rdo rje sems dpa' dkar po Tib); vajrasatvam iti A. cf. oṃ ha vajrasattvaṃ sitaṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24). 98 38 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ vajraḍamaruṃ vāme ghaṇṭākhaṭvāṅgakapāladharam,106 raktavārāhyāliṅgitam /107 [6.3] snying gar yi ge ha dang rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las rdo rje sems dpa' dkar po / zhal gcig pa phyag bzhi pa / phyag g'yas na rdo rje dang rnge'u chung / 108 g'yon pa na dril bu dang kha ṭwāṃ ga dang thod pa 'dzin pa / rdo rje phag mo mdog dmar mo la 'khyud pa'o // [6.3] ********** śirasi hikāracakrapariṇataṃ vairocanaṃ pītam, dakṣiṇe cakram, aparaṃ pūrvavat, nīlayāminyāliṅgitam / [6.4] mgo bor yi ge hi dang 'khor lo yongs su gyur pa las rnam par snang mdzad ser po / 109 phyag g'yas na 'khor lo /110 gzhan ni sngar bstan pa bzhin te / gshin rje ma mdog sngon mo la 'khyud pa'o // [6.4] ********** śikhāyāṃ hukārapadmapariṇataṃ padmanarteśvaraṃ raktam, 112 sitamohanīkaṇṭhadharam, pūrvavad apare / 113 111 dakṣiṇe padmam, [6.5] spyi gtsug tu yi ge hu dang pa dma yongs su gyur pa las pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dmar po /114 phyag g'yas na pa dma bsnams pa / rmongs byed ma mdog dkar mo'i mgrin pa nas 'dzin pa ste / gzhan ni sngar bstan pa bzhin no // [6.5] ********** skandhadvaye hekāravajrapariṇataṃ herukaṃ nīlaṃ haritasaṃcālanīkaṇṭhadharam, 115 dakṣiṇe karālavajram, śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / [6.6] 106 <ghaṇṭā-> ] em. (dril bu Tib); om. A. cf. vāme ghaṇṭā sarveṣām (meaning that all the six armor deities including Vajrasattva have a bell in their left hands) Sādhananidhi (2.25). 107 -vā<rā>hyā- ] em.; bāhyā A; rdo rje phag mo Tib. cf. raktavarṇavārāhyāliṅgitam Sādhananidhi (2.24). 108 rnge'u chung ] DP; rnge chung N. 109 yongs su gyur pa ] DN; gyur pa P. 110 phyag g'yas ] D; phyag PN. 111 hukāra<padma>- ] em. (yi ge hu dang pa dma Tib); hukāra A. cf. svāhā hu padmasūryavidhānena padmanarteśvaraṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24). 112 -mohanī- ] em.; mohinī A. 113 pūrvavad apare ] Apc; pūrvava{ta} pare Aac. 114 hu ] PN; hūṃ D. 115 -saṃcālanī- ] em.; sañcālinī A. -kaṇṭhadharam ] A; 'khyud pa Tib. 39 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi phrag pa gnyis su ni yi ge he dang rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las he ru ka mdog sngon po / phyag g'yas na rdo rje gdengs pa bsnams pa yang dag par skyod ma mdog ljang gu la 'khyud pa'o //116 lhag ma sngar bstan pa bzhin no // [6.6] ********** cakṣuṣor hokāraratnapariṇataṃ vajrasūryaṃ taptacāmīkaram, 117 dakṣiṇe ratnadharam, gaganaśaucasaṃtrāsanyāliṅgitam,118 śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / [6.7] mig gnyis su ni yi ge ho dang rin po che yongs su gyur pa las rdo rje nyi ma gser bsregs pa'i mdog can / phyag g'yas na rin po che bsnams pa /119 skrag byed ma nam mkha' ltar mthing skya'i mdog can la 'khyud pa ste / lhag ma ni sngar bstan pa bzhin no //120 [6.7] ********** lalāṭe haṃkāraviśvavajrapariṇataṃ paramāśvavajram, 121 dakṣiṇe viśvavajram, dhūmracaṇḍikāliṅgitam, pūrvavad apare / [6.8] dpral bar yi ge haṃ dang sna tshogs rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las rta mchog /122 phyag g'yas na sna tshogs rdo rje bsnams pa / gtum mo du ba'i mdog can la 'khyud pa ste / gzhan snga ma bzhin no // [6.8] ********** sarvālaṃkārabhūṣitāḥ sarva ālīḍhāsanasaṃsthitā jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā iti //123 [6.9] thams cad kyang rgyan kun gyis brgyan zhing g'yas brkyang ba'i gnas pas gnas pa ral pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa'o // [6.9] 116 skyod ma ] D; bskyod ma PN. cakṣuṣor ] conj.; cakṣuṣo A. 118 gaganaśauca- ] em.; gaganaśaura A; nam mkha’ ltar mthing skya Tib. cf. dhūmrasaṃtrādanyāliṅgitam Sādhananidhi (2.24). -saṃtrāsanyā- ] em.; santrāsi¦nī A. 119 bsnams pa ] D; bsnams PN. 120 bzhin no ] D; bzhin PN. 121 paramāśvavajram ] A; rta mchog Tib. cf. paramāśvavajraṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24). 122 ha<ṃ> ] em.; hi D; ha PN. 123 *ālīḍhāsanasaṃsthitā ] conj. (g'yas brkyang ba'i gnas pas gnas pa Tib); ālī++++++++ṃsthitāḥ A. cf. ālīḍhāsanasaṃyutāḥ Sādhananidhi (2.25). jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā ] em.; jaṭāmukuṭāṅgapaṭṭakā A; ral pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa Tib. cf. jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā (whose Tib is also the same ral pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa) Sādhananidhi (2.25). 117 40 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ********** śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ ṣaṣṭhapaṭalavyākhyā //124 dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u drug pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o // 8. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 7 tataḥ svarāṇām (HA 7.1a) iti pañcamapaṭaloccā++++++++++++++++++++++ṃ /125 trayodaśenaive-(HA 7.1a)-ti okāreṇa / dvitīyākṣaram (HA 7.1b) iti pāṭhānukrameṇa makāraḥ /126 [dbyangs yig bcu gcig (HA 7.1c) ni e'o /]127 ṣaṣṭhamaṃ (HA 7.1d) takāraḥ /128 anenānukrameṇa sarveṣāṃ yojaneti // [7] de nas dbyangs yig (HA 7.1a) ces bya ba la le'u lnga par bstan pa'i gsal byed dang dbyangs su sbyar bar bya ste / bcu gsum nyid (HA 7.1a) ces bya ba ni yi ge o'o // yi ge gnyis pa (HA 7.1b) zhes pa ni / rim pa ji lta ba bzhin yi ge ma'o // dbyangs yig bcu gcig (HA 7.1c) ni e'o // yi ge drug pa (HA 7.1d) ni ta ste / rim pa 'di nyid kyis thams cad la sbyar bar bya'o zhes so // [7] ********** śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ saptamapaṭalavyākhyā //129 dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u bdun pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //130 Notes (Sanskrit Parallels) 4.4-4.14: The Vajraḍāka, chapter 14, Skt ed., 14.16-19, and the Cakrasaṃvarasādhana, Skt ed., 35-37 ̿ 124 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. -ccā++++++++++++++++++++++ṃ ] A; bstan pa'i gsal byed dang dbyangs su sbyar bar bya ste Tib. 126 pāṭhānukrameṇa ] A; rim pa ji lta ba bzhin Tib. 127 The sentence put in parentheses is omitted in A and supplemented from Tib. 128 ṣaṣṭhama<ṃ> ] em.; ṣaṣṭhama A. 129 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. 130 thabs kyi ] D; thabs kyis PN. 125 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 41 The Vajraḍāka ̿ pullīramalaye khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā / jālandhare mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā / oḍyāyane kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī tvaṅmalavahā / arbude vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-mahānāsā piśitavahā / pīṭha // godāvaryāṃ surāvairi-vīramatī naharūṃ vahati sarvadā /i) rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / devikoṭe vajraprabha-laṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / mālave vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā //16// ity evaṃ kathitā devi cittacakrasya khecarī / samāpattyā vyavasthitā //17// kāmarūpe aṅkurika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam / oḍre vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā prakīrtitā / kṣetra // triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupphusavahā / kośale vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā / upakṣetra // kaliṅge subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantuvahā samākhyātā / lampāke vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī / chandoha // kāñcyāṃ bhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā prakīrtitā / himālaye virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā vyavasthitā / upacchandoha // vākcakrasya bhūcarī samāpattyā vyavasthitā //18// pretādhivāsinyāṃ mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmaṃ[= śleṣmānaṃ] vahati sarvadā /ii) gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / saurāṣṭre hayagrīva-śauṇḍinī raktavahā prakīrtitā / suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā tathā / melāpakopamelāpakaṃ matam // nagare mārāri-suvīrā medovahā /iii) sindhudeśe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati nityaśaḥ / śmaśāna // maru vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā prakīrtitā / kulatāyāṃ vajrasattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī / upaśmaśāna // kāyacakrasya pātālavāsinī samāpattyā vyavasthitā //19// [Note] i) surāvairi- ] em.; surāvairiṇa- Skt ed. (surāvairiṇa- in both Tokyo Skt ms and Kolkata Skt ms.) ii) pretādhivāsinyāṃ ] Skt ed. However, pretādhivāsini in Tokyo Skt ms and pretādhivāsinyī in Kolkta Skt ms also suggest a possibility of pretādhivāsinī, which accords with the reading in Skt ms of the Sādhananidhi (4.10). As for the two Skt mss of the Vajraḍāka, see Sugiki (2003a). iii) medo- ] em.; meda- Skt ed. (Tokyo Skt ms medā- and Kolkata Skt ms meda-.) The Cakrasaṃvarasādhana ̿ pullīramalaye śirasi khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā /i) jālandhare śikhāyāṃ mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā /ii) oḍyāyane dakṣiṇakarṇe kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī tvaṅmalavahā /iii) arbude pṛṣṭhavaṃśe iv) vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-māhānāsā piśitavahā / pūrvādidikṣu vilomataḥ // godāvaryāṃ vāmakarṇe surāvairi-vīramatī naharuṃ vahati sarvadā /v) rāmeśvare bhrūmadhye amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / devīkoṭe cakṣurdvaye vajraprabhaṃ laṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati / mālave bāhumūle vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā / aiśānyādau, vidikṣu // cittacakrasya khecaryaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //35// kāmarūpe tathā kakṣau aṅkulika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam / oḍre stanayugale vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā /vi) nābhau triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupsavahā /vii) kosale nāsikāyāṃ vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā / pūrvādidikṣu // kaliṅge 42 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ mukhe subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantusamākhyātā / lampāke kaṇṭhe vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī / kāñcīhṛdaye mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā / himālaye meḍhre virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā / pūrvavad vidikṣu // vākcakrasya bhūcaryaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //36// pretādhivāsinīliṅge mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmaṃ[= śleṣmānaṃ] vahati sarvadā / gṛhadevatāgude tu ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / ūrusaurāṣṭre tu hayagrīva-sauṇḍinī raktavahā prakīrtitā / jaṅghadvaye tu suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā / pūrvādidikṣu // aṅgulyāṃ nagare mārāri-suvīrā medovahā /viii) pādapṛṣṭhe tu sindhudeśe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati nityam / aṅguṣṭhe tu marau vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā /ix) jānau kulatāyāṃ vajrasattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī / pūrvavad vidikṣu // kāyacakrasya pātālavāsinyaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //37// [Note] i) -danta- ] em.; -dantā- Skt ed and Skt ms. ii) -roma- ] em.; -romā- Skt ed and Skt ms. iii) -mala- ] em.; -malā- Skt ed and Skt ms. iv) pṛṣṭhavaṃśe ] em.; pṛṣṭhavaṃśe tu Skt ed and Skt ms. vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- ] em.; vikaṭadaṃṣṭrī Skt ed and Skt ms. piśita- ] em.; piśitā- Skt ed and pisitā Skt ms. v) surāvairi- ] em.; surāvairiṇa- Skt ed and surāveriṇa- Skt ms. vi) pitta- ] em.; pittā- Skt ed and Skt ms. vii) phupphusa- ] em.; phupphusā Skt ed and phuphusā Skt ms. viii) medo- ] em.; medā Skt ed and Skt ms. ix) kheṭa- ] em.; kheṭā Skt ed and khetā Skt ms. 6.2-6.9: The Sādhananidhi, chapter 2, unpublished Skt ed., 2.24-2.25, Skt ms (A)., 9v3-10r3, and Tib: D, 10v4-11r4, P, 84v8-85v1, and N, 77v1-78r2 ̿ tadanu kavacamudrāṃ cintayet //i) cittavajrādhastād dhṛdaye padmasthaṃ candravajravidhānena oṃ ha vajrasattvaṃ sitaṃ raktavarṇavārāhyāliṅgitam /ii) śirasi kāyavajropari padmasthaṃ candracakravidhānena namaḥ hi vairocanaṃ pītaṃ nīlayāminyāliṅgitam /iii) śikhāyāṃ padmasthaṃ svāhā hu padmasūryavidhānena padmanarteśvaraṃ raktaṃ sitamohanyāliṅgitam /iv) skandhadvaye padmasthaṃ vajrasūryavidhānena vauṣaṭ he herukaṃ nīlaṃ haritasaṃcālanyāliṅgitam /v) cakṣurdvaye padmasthaṃ sūryaratnavidhānena hūṃ hūṃ ho vajrasūryaṃ raktaṃ dhūmrasaṃtrāsanyāliṅgitam /vi) phaṭ haṃ viśvavajrasūryapariṇaṭaṃ paramāśvavajraṃ sarvāṅge vāyum iva haritaṃ dhūmracaṇḍikāliṅgitam //24//vii) vajrasattvādayo vīrā ekavaktrāś caturbhujās trinetrā vikṛtadaṃṣṭrākarālāsyāḥ sarvālaṃkārabhūṣitā jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā ālīḍhāsanasaṃyutāḥ /viii) mūlāliṅganabhuje yathānukramato draṣṭavyā vajracakrapadmanīlakarālavajraratnaviśvavajrāḥ /ix) vāme ghaṇṭā sarveṣām / aparabhujadvaye kapālakhaṭvāṅgaḍamarukādharāḥ //x) vārāhyādayo devyaḥ tadvad ekavaktrāś caturbhujās trinetrā nagnikā muktakeśī ca pañcamudrāvibhūṣitā vāme ghaṇṭākapālakhaṭvāṅgadharā dakṣiṇe ḍamarukarttikā advayayogasamāpannāḥ sugatasaṃgamasatsukhāḥ //xi) vajrasattvādidevatāḥ sarve 'kṣobhyamukuṭāḥ //25//xii) [Note] i) cintayet ] Apc (bsam par bya Tib); cantayet Aac. ii) -dhastād dhṛdaye ] em. ('og tu snying ga'i Tib); dhastā dṛdaye A. oṃ ha ] em. (oṃ ha Tib); oṃ haḥ A. padma<stha>ṃ ] em. (pa dma 43 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi and gnas pa'i Tib); padmaṃ A. vajrasattvaṃ ] em.; vajrasatvaḥ A. iii) nama<ḥ> hi ] em.; nama haḥ Aac; nama hiḥ Apc; na ma hi (D) and ma ma hi (PN) Tib. -yāminyā‹liṅgitam› ] Apc.; yāminyā{ge} Aac. iv) hu ] em. (hu Tib); huṃ A. -mohanyā- ] em.; mohinyā A. v) <herukaṃ> ] conj. (he ru ka Tib); om. A. -saṃcālanyā- ] em.; saṃcālinyā A. vi) sūryaratna- ] em.; sūryāratna (or sūrya / ratna) A. hūṃ hūṃ ho ] em.; huṃ huṃ hoḥ A. vajrasūrya<ṃ> ] em.; vajrasūrya A. -saṃtrāsanyā- ] em.; saṃtrāsinyā A. haritaṃ ] em.; haritaḥ A. vii) vāyum iva ] A; rlung gi khams ltar khyab pa Tib. viii) vajrasattvā- ] Apc.; {sa}vajrasatvā Aac. laṃkālaṃkāra A. ix) -padma- ] em.; padmā (or padma /) A. -laṃkāra- ] em.; –viśvavajrā<ḥ> ] em.; viśvavajra A. x) -dharāḥ ] em.; karāḥ A. xi) devyaḥ ] Apc.; devy{ā}ḥ Aac. –samāpannā<ḥ> ] em.; samāpannā A. sugata- ] A; shin tu chags pas Tib. xii) -devatāḥ ] Apc.; deva(one unreadable letter) Aac. Acknowledgements This research was partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) numbered 24520055 (2014 and 2015) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. I am responsible for any mistakes found in this paper. However, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Joseph M. 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Selected Chapters from the Catuṣpīṭhatantra (2/2) Appendix Volume with Critical Editions of Selected Chapters Accompanied by Bhavabhaṭṭa’s Commentary and A Bibliography, Ph.D thesis submitted to Oxford University. 45 Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi ǫȳȐȩ˺ƀݼඥƷᔺࡉƁ ÜÜᇹ 4᳸7 ᇘƷǵȳǹǯȪȃȈᛖȷȁșȃȈᛖఄᚖȆǭǹȈÜÜ னங‒ ँࢠ≍1 ⁅⁛ ᢰᚪ‒ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ୰ୡᮇ༡ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿࢳࣕࢡࣛࢧࣦࣥࣛᩍᩥ⊩⩌ࡢ⥲ᣓⓗ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗࢧ࣮ࢲࢼ࣭ࢽࢹ㸦ᡂᑵἲࡢⶶᗜ㸧 ࠘ࡢ➨ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࡢึࡢࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜ ࢵࢺㄒ࡞ࡽࡧࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒᰯゞࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗࢧ࣮ࢲࢼ࣭ࢽࢹ࠘ ࡣ࣮ࠗ࣊ࣝ࢝ࣅࢲ࣮ࢼ࣭ࢱࣥࢺࣛ࠘ࡢὀ㔘᭩࡛࠶ࡾࠊ๓⪅ࡢ➨ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࡣࠊࡑࢀ ࡒࢀᚋ⪅ࡢ➨ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࠊ ❶ࡢὀ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ❶ࡢ㢟ࡣࠊ ⤌ࡢ⏨ዪࡢ⚄ࠎࢆ ㌟యෆほࡍࡿᐇ㊶ࠊ᰿ᮏ࣐ࣥࢺࣛࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࢆᏲㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ேࡢ⏥ැࡢ⚄ࠎࡢほ ᐇ㊶࡛࠶ࡿࠋ äääääääääääääääääääää⇓∞∕∞⇯…………………………………………………… ǫȳȐȩŴǵȸȀȊȷȋȇǣŴȁȣǯȩǵȳȴǡȩŴȘȸȫǫȷǢȓȀȸȊŴʿǿȳȈȩ Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 47 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ᄂᆮ⇴∞⇮ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл‒ ⃬ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈↝ ⁂⁋⁂ ↖ဇⅳ↸↻↺ಒࣞ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚˳ኒ҄ↈ↺แͳ↝↰↚⅚ ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл↚දႸↆ↕Йૺᛯ⇁ྸᚐↈ↺‒‒ ҅‒ ΰᢹ‒ 1 ‒ ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈≋ˌɦ ※‴≌↝ИሁᏋ⇽∓⇖∏∆≋ˌɦ ⁂⁋⁂≌↞Ⅴಒࣞ≐દ˺Ⅵ⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ ↖ⅱ↺⅛⁂⁋⁂ ↝Ⅴಒࣞ≐દ˺Ⅵ⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ⅻ⅚˂↝ನɼ፯↝૾↝↢ܖඥ↚↕ↆݣⅳ↧⇂Ο ↻↕ⅳ↺↝↞⅚↝ᢊφᇌ↕ⅻↆ→ⅺ↹ↆ↕ⅳ↺↰↖ⅱ↺⅛ↂ↝ᢊφᇌ↕↝ɟ↓↖ⅱ↺Ⅴಒࣞ ↚ؕ↔ⅾ↢ܖⅥ≋⁕⁕⁗‒⁔⁓⁗⁖‒⁞⁗⁓⁛⁙≌↞↗↹↾ↀᙲ↙↱↝↖ⅱ↺ⅻ⅚ο↓↝ⅤಒࣞⅥ↞⅚Ⴛ ʝ↝᧓↝᧙̞ⅻᙹ↕↻ↄܭⅳ↙ⅳ⅛ↂ↖⅚ᜂಒࣞ↗↝᧙̞↳⅚↝ˮፗ↔ↀ↗ࢫл↗ᨂမ⇁ଢ ↸ⅺ↚ↆ⅚⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖⅤಒࣞᛯⅥ↝ⅤɼᚇႎಒࣞⅥ↚ⅹↀ↺ⅤЙૺᛯⅥ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚ ᛠ↮Ⴚↈↂ↗↚↷↹⅚⁂⁋⁂ ↝ᜂಒࣞ↝ࢫл↗ᨂမ↗Ⴛʝ↝᧙̞⇁ᛐᜤ↝ข҄↝⇽∓⇡⇟↝ɶ↚ˮ ፗ↔ↀ↷ⅵ↗ᎋⅷ↺⅛ↆ↕⅚↝แͳ˺ಅ↗ↆ↕⅚↭↉⅚⇾∞⇘∑↝Йૺᛯ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚ಒᚇ ↆ↕↮ⅳ⅛↝↰↚↞⅚ཎഷ↝ࢫл↚දႸↆ↕Йૺᛯ⇁ྸᚐↆ↙ⅾ↕↞↙↸↙ⅳ⅛‒ äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈‒ ಒࣞ↚ؕ↔ⅾ ‒↢ܖᛐᜤ↝ข҄‒ φ˳ႎ୍ᢄ‒ ཎഷ‒ 㸯㸬࡞ࡐࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᴫᛕㄽࡢࠕほ ⓗᴫᛕࠖ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ㸦௨ୗ IB㸧ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒㸦௨ୗ PYP㸧(ト㸯)ࡢᏛࡧࡢ᰿ᖿࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ ⫱࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ ࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛᴫᛕࡣࡢᴫᛕࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢ ࡘࡢ➼ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆ ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࡼࡿᏛࡧࢆࡼࡾᐇࡾࡢከ࠸ࡶࡢⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿ ࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡑࡢⓎᒎ㛵ಀࢆࠊ⨨࡙ࡅ ࡶᗈࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕContents based࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᙺ㝈⏺ࢆྫྷࡋࡘࡘ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࣮࣊ࢤ ࠕConcept based࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕConcept basedࠖࡢ ࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖ ࠊࡾࢃࡅࠕほⓗᴫᛕࠖ ᛮ⪃ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ⮬⏤࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࢆ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡳ┤ࡍࡇ ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡢࡇࢁࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࡼࡾࠊPYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢᙺ㝈⏺┦ࡢ㛵ಀ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࠊ ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺ ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤊ࠼ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ IB ࡢ PYP ࡣࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒࡛ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ᤊ࠼ࡿࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࠶ࡿࠋPYP ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠕMaking ․‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ․ ଐӖྸ‒ The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” of Hegel. *1 Katsurou Kitamura ஓܖݱఄ‒ the PYP happenࠖ(ト㸰)ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ 48 “Central to the philosophy of the PYP is the ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡇࠖࡋ࡚ࠊPYP ࡢᏛࡧࡢ principle that purposeful, structured inquiry is ᰿ᖿࢆᡂࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ a powerful vehicle for learning that promotes ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗࠊ≀ࡢᛶ meaning and understanding, and challenges ㉁ࠊㅖᛶ㉁࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࡸస⏝ࠊࡢ≀ࡢ㛵 students to engage with significant ideas. ಀࡸస⏝࡞ࡢࠊศᯒࡸ⥲ྜࡸ୍⯡࡞ࡢᛮ⪃ Hence in the PYP there is also a commitment ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ≀ࡢᮏ㉁⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ to a concept-driven curriculum as a means of ࠸ࡿࡀࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ supporting that inquiry.”㸦ࠕMaking the PYP ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ happenࠖ, 2009, p.15㸧 ࡀࠊࡼࡃㄗゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ PYP ࡢဴᏛࡗ࡚࡞ࡇࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎ⌮ ࡛ࡣࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ┠ⓗⓗ࡛ᵓᡂⓗ࡞᥈✲ࡣࠊព࡙ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࠕ ࡅࡸ⌮ゎࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᏛࡧࡗ࡚᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࢫ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ ࡲࡓࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࢆ㔜せ࡞ほᛕ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡿengageࡼ ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡽࠊ≀ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ ࠺ಁࡍ᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊPYP ࡣࠊࡲࡓࠊ ࠸࠺ࠊ≀ࢆぢࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ࠸࠺ᛶ᱁ࡀᙉ ᥈✲ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࢝ࣜ࢟ ࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣒ࣗࣛࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕFormࠖࡣࠊ≀ࢆࠊᙧࡸⰍࠊࡁࡉ➼ࡢ㠃 ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᴾ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᐇドⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠊ ࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࡣࠊࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ ▱㆑㸫ఏ㐩ᆺࡢᤵᴗࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᏛ⩦⪅⮬ࡽࡀ ࡢࠕ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࠖࡸࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢࠕほࠖඛ㦂ⓗ యⓗ▱㆑ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠕᵓᡂ⩏ࠖࡢᏛ⩦࡛ ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᝅᛶࡢᴫᛕࠖ㏆࠸ാࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢయⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ᐇ㊶ ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢆࡓ࠸ࢇ㔜どࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕFormࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣࠊ୍ࢆᣲࡆࡿࠊ ࠕⓑ PYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀࡢᵓᡂ 㤿ᒣࡢ㞷ᙧࠖࡀࠕ௦ᥙࡁࡢ㤿ࠖぢ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ ⩏ࡢᏛࡧࡢ᪉ἲ(ト 3)ᑐࡋ࡚ࡓ࠸ࢇඃࢀ࡚ ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕFunctionࠖ ࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ㐨ල❧࡚ࡀࡋࡗࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࢆࠕᶵ⬟࣭ᙺࠖࡢ㠃ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽࠊࡑࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࢆࠕMaking ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆព㆑ⓗ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᏛ the PYP happenࠖࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡍࢀࡤࠊᏛᰯ࠾ ⩦⪅ࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࠕⓑ㤿ᒣࡢࠗ௦ᥙࡁࡢ㤿࠘ ࡼࡧᩍဨࡣึ➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆసᡂࡍࡿ ぢ࠼ࡿ㞷ᙧࡣࠊ㛗㔝┴ࡢᏳࡢேࠎࡢ฿᮶ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋࠊ୍ᐃࡢ㉁ࢆಖࡗࡓᏛࡧࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ⡿సࡾࡢጞࡲࡾࢆ࿌ࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ㐨ල❧࡚ࡣࠊPYP ࡢࠕࡘࡢせ⣲࡛ࠖ ึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ୕ṓࡽ༑ṓࡲ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࠊභࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࠖ ࠊ ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࢆᑐ㇟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ ࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ㸦ከ㠃ⓗᛮ⪃㸧ࡼࡾᩍ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᏛࡧࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵࡢࠕඵࡘࡢᴫ ᑐ㇟ࢆࠊᩍ⛉࠸࠺ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢࡳࡽぢࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠕᴫᛕᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࠖ 㸦concept based ࡃࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ゅᗘࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ▱㆑ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ୍⯡ learning㸧ࠊᴫᛕᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢࠕᩍ ࡼࡾࠊୡ⏺ほࢆ⮬ࡽᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᏛࡧࡢ⤖ ࡓ࠸ࢇඃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡣྠࠊ ᯝࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࠊࠕែᗘࠖࠕ⾜ືࠖࡢኚ࡛࠶ ᩍ⛉࡛⋓ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸ᪉ἲࢆࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚ ࡿࠋ࡞࡛ࡶࠊ ࠕᴫᛕᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࠖࡣࠊ ࠕᏛ⩦⪅ ά⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ල࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 49 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡉ࡚ࠊPYP ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣḟࡢඵࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ; ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡢᮏ㉁ ࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊForm, Function, Causation, Con- ࡢㄆ㆑ࡣၥ㢟ࡉࢀࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊᐈほⓗ࡞┿⌮ࡢᏑ nection, Change, Perspective, Responsibility, ᅾࡶࠊࡑࡢㄆ㆑ࡶၥ㢟ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ Reflection ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣࠊ┦ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㐃㛵ࢆᣢ ࠕMaking the PYP happen࡛ࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡼࡾࡶࠊᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡸᛮ⪃῝ ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡾࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰ࡢࡇ⨨ࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ A set of eight concepts was drawn up, each of ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺ which, it is felt, is of major importance in the ࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶࡞ design of a transdisciplinary curriculum. These ࠸ࡢࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ྛᴫᛕࡣࠊ concepts are: ࡢᴫᛕࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢࠊ➼ࡢၥ㢟 ୍㐃ࡢඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࡀᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ⡆༢ ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕၥ㢟ࠖࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ ゐࢀࡿࠊ㉸ᩍ⛉ⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢタィࡅࡿ ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶࠕ㐨ල࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ⨨࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ኚ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢᒓࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࡣ࣭࣭࣭࣭ ࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆࡶࡕ࠸࡚ࠊᏊࡶ • form ᙧయ ࡓࡕࡶࠕConcept based learningࠖࢆ⾜ࡗ • function ᶵ⬟ ࡚࠸ࡃ௨ୖࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࠕඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࠖࢆࠊㄆ • causation ㆑ࡢ῝Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡿ ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ • change ኚ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆ • connection 㛵ಀ ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ • perspective ぢ᪉࣭ほⅬ ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ • responsibility ㈐௵ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛ • reflection. ┬࣭ࡾ㏉ࡾ࣭࣓ࢱㄆ▱࣭┦㛵 ᴫᛕࡣࡢᴫᛕࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ➼ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢྠኈࡢෆⓗ㛵ಀ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ(ト 5) 㸦ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ, 2009, p .16㸧 ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡑࡢⓎᒎ㛵ಀࢆࠊ⨨࡙ࡅ ᙺ㝈⏺ࢆྫྷࡋࡘࡘ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࣮࣊ࢤ ࡇࢀ௨እࠊrelated concepts ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ ࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖ ࠊࡾࢃࡅࠕほⓗᴫᛕࠖ ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ(ト 4)ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢඵࡘࡢ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡳ┤ࡍࡇ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ┦ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀࠊ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ ࡼࡾࠊPYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢᙺ㝈⏺┦ࡢ㛵ಀ ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ(PYP ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺ ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࠖ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ)ࡢࡓࡵ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ‽ഛసᴗࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊ࣊ ࡢᴫᛕ⨨⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࣮ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗᴫほࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࣥࢫࢺ (ト 6) ࣓ࣝࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢุ᩿ㅖᙧᘧ ࣥࢫࢺ࣓ࣝࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆእ⏺ࡢཷ PYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊࡑࡇࡽ㹎 ືⓗ࡞ᶍ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࠊᶵᲔⓗ࡞ 㹗㹎ࡢྛࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢᙺ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ┦ࡢ Ỵᐃㄽࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ 㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ௨እࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢ㐃㛵 ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊே㛫ࡀ⎔ቃ㐺ᛂࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡓࡵࠊ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ⏕ά㐣⛬࡛ࡢࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᅛᐃࡋࡓᛶ㉁ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖࠊࡾࢃࡅࠕほⓗᴫᛕࠖ ࡃࠊ⏕ά⤒㦂ࡢ୰࡛ࡘࡡヨࡉࢀኚᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡳ┤ࡋࡓࠕᴫ 50 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ほࠖࢆ㏙ࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ⮬ࡽ୍ࡘࡢࠕ≉ Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕลࠖࡢ㒊ศࡣࠊࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚ 㸰㸬࡞ࡐࠊ≉Ṧࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖ ࢆㄞࡴࡢ ࡢࠕᓠࠖࡢ㒊ศࡸࠕࠖࡢ㒊ศࢼࣇࡢ㒊ศ ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࢆ࠼ࡘࡘࠊయࢆ୍ࡘࡢࢼࣇ㸦ࠕಶ ูࠖ㸧ࡋ࡚ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ ᑐ㇟ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆᢕᥱ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ ࡞ࡶࡢ㸦ࣟࢦࢫ㸧ࢆ๓ᥦࡍࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡑࡢ ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆほඛ㦂ⓗഛࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࣥࢺ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕෆ ᐜࠖࢆᢳ㇟ࡉࢀࡓࠕᙧᘧⓗࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ ࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢᆺⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠊ ࠕ✀ᴫᛕࠖ 㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ ࢾ࣭ࢿࢥ࣭࣐࢘➼ࠎᑐࡍࡿ့ங㢮࠸࠺ࠕ㢮 ᴫᛕࠖ 㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ㢮ᴫᛕࠖ 㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣ ࠕ✀ᴫᛕࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡢලయⓗ࡞つᐃࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ᚓ ࡽࢀࡓࠕඹ㏻ᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ୍ẁ㝵 ࡛࠶ࡿᢳ㇟ࡸ୍⯡࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡓ࠸ࢇ㔜せ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ့ங㢮࠸࠺ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ࡽ≉ Ṧࡋ࡚ࢾࡸࢿࢥ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓ㢮ᴫᛕ(ᬑ㐢)እࡽ✀ᕪࢆຍ࠼࡚(⥲ྜ)ࠊල యⓗ࡞≀ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ⮬ࡽࢆ≉ Ṧࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡸࠊࡑࢀ ࢆᚓࡿࠕศᯒࠖࡶࠊᛮ⪃࠾ࡅࡿ୍ẁ㝵ࡋ࡚ࡓ ࠸ࢇ㔜せ࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࢁࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢෆ㒊ᵓ㐀ࡸࡑࡢኚ ࡽࠊᑐ㇟ࡢⓎᒎࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠊ ⮬ࡽࡀ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠕᢳ㇟ⓗ ᬑ㐢࡛ࠖࡣࠊྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕࢼࣇࠖ࠸࠺㐨ලࢆᴫᛕⓗ⌮ ゎࡍࡿࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊࡦࡘࡢࢼࣇࡣࠊศᯒ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊลࡢ㒊ศᓠࡢ㒊ศࡢ㒊ศศ ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡂࠊ ࢼࣇࢆࠕࢼࣇࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿዎᶵࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕลࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᓠࠖࡢ㒊 ศࡸࠕࠖࡢ㒊ศࡀࢼࣇࢆࠕࢼࣇࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ㒊ศᙺࢆ࠼ࠊయࢆ ⤫୍ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧࡍࡿཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ᳜≀ࡢࠕ✀Ꮚࠖࡣ⮬ࡽࢆⱼࠊ᰿ࠊᯞ ࠊⴥ࣭࣭࣭ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡀࠊ✀ᏊࡀⓎᒎࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ✀Ꮚࡣࠊࡑ ࢀࡒࢀࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ୰࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟㸦ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢෆ⮬ᕫࡸ⪅ࢆ≉Ṧ ࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡗࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ ࠶ࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࡢෆᵓ㐀(ㅖ≉Ṧࡢྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ)ࢆᣢ ࡕࠊ⮬ࡽࢆㅖ≉Ṧࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠕಶู࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕయ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࠕಶูࠖ࠸ ࠺୕ࡘࡢዎᶵࢆྵࡳࠊࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡣᴫᛕࡢయ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕ⥲యᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕᬑ 㐢ࠖࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࡢ࡞࠶ࡾࡘࡘࠊ ࡍ࡚ࡢዎᶵ(ㅖ≉Ṧ)ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྠࠊ ⮬ࡽࢆࡢዎᶵ(≉Ṧಶู)ࡽ༊ูࡋࠊࡇࢀ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿዎᶵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼ࠊㅖዎᶵ࡛࠶ࡿㅖ ≉Ṧࡣࠊᬑ㐢ࡢຊࡼࡗ࡚㐃㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕ⥲యࠖ(ಶ ู)࡞ࡿࡶࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡑࡢᐃᅾ(ㅖ≉Ṧ) ࡀ▩┪ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࠕಶูࠖࡣࠊ㐍࣭Ⓨᒎ ࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ⮬⏤࡞ຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣ✀ᕪࢆྵࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡌ୍ࡘࡢࠕᬑ 㐢ࠖࡢࡶ࡛ࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࢆᙧసࡿࠋࡇࡢព࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡸ࢝ࣥࢺࡢᝅᛶᴫᛕẚ࡚ࠊ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ ࢆṇ☜⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆࠊ࣮࣊ ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࡾ ㏉ࡾࠊࡑࡢ฿㐩Ⅼၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⪃ ࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ 51 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 㸱 ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼၥ㢟Ⅼ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫㄽࠖࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ࠖ ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗㄆ㆑ࡢࢃࡾ࠾࠸ ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡶࡢࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࠋ ձ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱ 1975㹼1978 ᯇᒣၟㄽ㞟ࠓึฟࠔ1989 ࠕ㕥 ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖᩥ⌮㛶㸧 ղ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫධ㛛ࠖ㫏ᆏ┿࣭᭷ᑿⰾ⦾࣭ 㕥ᮌⱱ ⦅ 1978 ᭷ᩫ㛶) ճ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ㸹ᴫᛕㄽࡢ◊✲ࠖ 㸦࣮࣊ࢤ ࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 1991 ᭶᭩ᗑ㸧 մ ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ 㸦㏿ᕝ㑻 1996 㟷ᒣ♫㸧 ࡇࢀࡽඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮ᏛࢆᏑ ᅾㄽࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࡲࡎࠊࡇࢀࢆㄆ㆑ㄽ ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡣࠊ ࠕุ᩿ㄽࡢࡑࡢࠗྜ⌮ⓗ࡞᰾࠘ ࡣࠊ࣭࣭࣭ࡓࡔࠊᅛయࡢⓎᒎࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᘚドἲᛮ ᝳࡢⓎᒎࠊㄆ㆑ࡢᘚドἲࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾ༊ูࡋࠊࡑ ࢀࡒࢀࡢ⊂⮬ࡢព⩏ࢆࡘࡴࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳࠊ ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ ࠕ㕥ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ, ᩥ⌮㛶,p.11㸧㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᘚドἲࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺⌮ゎ ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ ࡢゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᘚドἲࢆࠗㄽド࠘ࡏࡎࡓࡔ ࠗᣦ࠘ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢࠊ⌧ᐇྠࡌ⮬ᕫ㐠ືࡍ ࡿᛮᝳࡢἲ๎࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᐇᛮᝳࡢ୍⮴࡞࠸ ࡋ▩┪ࢆཎືຊࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆゎᾘࡋඞ᭹ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ 㠃ⓗㄆ㆑ࡽ㠃ⓗㄆ㆑ࠊపḟࡢㄆ㆑ࡽ㧗ḟ ࡢㄆ㆑ࠊࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ⌧㇟ࡽᮏ㉁ࠊࡘࡡ ࠶ࡽࡓ࡞ㄆ㆑࠺ࡘࡾࡺࡃᛮᝳࡢⓎᒎἲ๎࡛࠶ ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᐇࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᛮᝳࡢ᪉ἲࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠖ㸦ྠ㸧࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐣⛬ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ ㄞࡴ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ⚾ࡀ㔜せࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ุ᩿ࡣࠊࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣ Urteil㸦ཎ㸫ศ㸧࡛࠶ ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡀㄒ㸫㏙ㄒศࡉࢀࠊ㛵ಀࡅࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࠕㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࠖࡣࠊ ࡉࡋ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕಶู㸫ᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡋ࡚Ⓩ ሙࡋࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣ⫼ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ⫼ ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡼ ࡾࠊุ᩿ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ㛵ಀ ࡀࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡢ୰ぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢ ព࡛ࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆㄞࡴࡇࡀࠊ 㞴ゎ࡞࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆᐜ᫆ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᚋ ㏙ࡍࡿࡀࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ ࡣࠕᴫᛕࠖࡅࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ 㐢ᛶࠖࠕ≉Ṧᛶࠖࠕಶูᛶࠖ࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢዎ ᶵࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡛ᢅ ࢃࢀࡿࢲࢥࣥࡸࢽࣥࢪࣥ➼ࡢ✀ᕪࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕ᳜≀ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡓࡔᛮ⪃ࡢୖ࡛ࡢඹ ㏻ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ༢ ࡞ࡿ✀ᕪࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕಶู࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᬑ㐢ࡣ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕࡽ⮬ᕫࢆ༊ูࡋࡓࡾ⏕ࡳฟ ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠕ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞፹ࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕ⮬ᕫ፹ࠖ ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢ༊ูࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧 ࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊࠕ༢⣧࡞⮬ᕫ㛵ಀ࡛ࠖ࠶ ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡽࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆṇ☜⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢᒎ㛤 ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ࢝ࢠ࡞ࡿࠋ㏫ゝ࠺ࠊ࣊ ࣮ࢤࣝࡢᬑ㐢ᴫᛕࡸุ᩿ㄽࢆṇ☜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⌮ゎࡀṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࠕᴫᛕࠖࠊḟࠕᴫᛕㅖつᐃࠖ 㸦ᬑ 㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࠊ࠸࠺㡰ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࢆぢ࡚ ࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ ࠺つᐃࡍࡿࠋ ࠕᴫᛕ㸦Begriff㸧ࡣࠊྥ⮬ⓗᏑᅾࡍࡿᐇయⓗ ࡞ຊࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬⏤࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᴫᛕࡣࡲ ࡓయ⣔ⓗ࡞య㸦Totalität㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᴫᛕࡢ࠺ 52 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡕ࡛ࡣࡑࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢྛࠎࡣࠊᴫᛕࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡿㅖᴫᛕࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࡑ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞యࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡢྍศࡢ⤫ ࢀࡽࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ ୍ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᴫᛕࡣࠊ⮬ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡽࠊ๓⪅ࡢ❧ሙࢆࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ ᕫྠ୍ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ༶⮬ࡘᑐ⮬ⓗつ ᚋ⪅ࡢ❧ሙࡔࠊㄆ㆑ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㐍ᒎྠࡌࣉࣟࢭ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ ࢫࢆṌࡴࡇ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊㄆ㆑⊂⮬ࡢ 㸦ୗ㸧ᯇᮧேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ p.121㸧 యᛶࡀࡍࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡤࡾࠊศᯒࡸ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠕྥ⮬ⓗᏑᅾࡍࡿᐇ ⥲ྜࠊ୍⯡➼ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ㔜せ࡞స⏝ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ ែⓗ࡞ຊࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬⏤࡞ࡶࡢࠖ ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ ࠕⓎᒎᛶࠖ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ᪉࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕయ⣔ⓗ ࡞య㸦Totalität㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᴫᛕࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡣࡑ ḟࠊᴫᛕㅖつᐃ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࡘ࠸ ࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢྛࠎࡣࠊᴫᛕࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ యࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡢྍศࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚ ࠕᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊࡘࡂࡢ୕ࡘࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࢆྵࢇ ᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࠖ࠶ࡿ ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸯㸧ᬑ㐢㸦Allgemeinheit㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊ ࠸ࡣࠕཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࡉ ࡑࡢつᐃែࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ ࢀࡓయࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ≧ែࡽࡢ≧ែⓎᒎࡍࡿ ⮬⏤࡞┦➼ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧≉Ṧ㸦Besonderheit㸧 ࡇࢆࡽ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡀ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕᴫᛕ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ᬑ㐢ࡀࡾࡢ࡞ࡃ⮬ศ⮬ ㌟➼ࡋ࠸ጼࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿつᐃែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸱㸧 ࡇࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࠕⓎᒎࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎ㔘ࡣࠊḟ ಶ㸦Einzelnheit㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊᬑ㐢࠾ࡼࡧ≉Ṧࡢ ࡢࡘูࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ▱ぬࡸ⤒㦂ࡽጞ つᐃែࡢ⮬ᕫ┬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫ ࡲࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ㐍ᒎࡣࠊྛẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ᑐ㇟ࡢ⾲㠃ⓗ ࡢྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡣࠊ༶⮬ࡘᑐ⮬ⓗつᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶ ࡞ኚࡽ┬ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊࡉࡽᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊྠ⮬ᕫྠ୍࡞ࡶࡢ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡽ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡘ࠸ࡣࠊ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ ࡣᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ ୍ࡉࢀࡓయ㸦ᵓ㐀ࡸཎ⌮㸧ࡢⓎᒎ㸦Ṕྐᛶ㸧 㸦ୗ㸧,ᯇᮧேヂ, ᒾἼᩥᗜ, p.127㸧 ฿㐩ࡋࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑐ㇟ࡢᴫᛕⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢつᐃ⮬యࡀࡸࡸࢃࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑐ㇟ࡣࠕయࠖ ࣝ⮬㌟ࡢゝⴥ࡛ලయⓗ㏙ࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㕥ᮌ ࡿࠋ ⱱẶࡸᙼࢆྵࡴ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠊ≉Ṧࠊಶࡣࠊᢳ㇟ⓗࢀࡤࠊྠ୍ࠊ༊ ᙼࡽᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓぢ⏣▼Ặࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ูࠊ᰿ᣐྠࡌࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᬑ㐢ࡣࠊྠ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢⓎᒎࡢ࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇࡶࡓ࠸ ≉Ṧಶࢆ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠸ ࢇ༢⣧࡞ẁ㝵ࡽ┬ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊ ࠺ពࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡶࡘ⮬ᕫྠ୍⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ≉ ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㛵ಀⓎᒎࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ Ṧࡣࠊ༊ู࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣつᐃែ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋࡋ⮬ ⮬యࡀయ࡛࠶ࡿᴫᛕࡢ⮬ᕫ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐣 ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕᬑ㐢ࢆෆᅾࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓಶࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍ ⛬ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿྠㄆ㆑ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ ࡿ࠸࠺ពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠಶࡶࠊ㢮✀ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ࡚ࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡢᏱ㔝 ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕྵࡳࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ⮬㌟ᐇయⓗ࡛ ᘯⶶẶ࡞ࡀࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓဴᏛ⪅ࡢ ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢయ࡛࠶ࡾ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ព ㏿ᕝ㑻Ặࡶࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉㏆࠸ࠋ ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡀ༊ ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆࠊ▱ぬࡽᴫᛕ ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶྍศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᐃ❧ࡉ ࠸ࡓࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡢ㐣⛬ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼࡚ࠊ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠖ㸦ྠ p.131㸧 ࡑࡢྛẁ㝵ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᅗᘧࡍࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ(ᅗ㸯)ࠋ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 53 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡣಶู㹃㸯ࡢ୰࠶ ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡣከᵝ࡞≉Ṧᛶࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ᛶࢆ ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊㅖ≉Ṧ㸦㹀㸰ࠊ㸱ࠊ㸲㸧ࡣࡑࢀ⮬㌟≉Ṧ ᯒฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏕≀ࡢ㢮ᴫᛕ➼ࡀࡑࡢ ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᬑ㐢㸦㸿㸧ࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀࠊಶู ࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ≉Ṧ 㹃㸯ࡢᵓ㐀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪉࡛ࡣࠊಶู㹃㸯ࡢ ࡍࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊㅖ≉Ṧࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⓗయ ୰࡛༶⮬ⓗᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≉Ṧ㹀㸰ࡀᑐ⮬ࡉ ࢆసࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠸ྰᐃࡋ࠶ ࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊಶู㹃㸯ࡣ㹃㸰Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ࠺ຊࡶࠊ⮬ࡽࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠊ ࠸࠺㠃ࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㠃ࡣࠊಶูࡀ᰿ᣐࡸ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮ᴫᛕࢆࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖྡ࡙ࡅࠊ≀ ᐇయࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃయࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ ࡢ᭷ᶵᛶⓎᒎᛶࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊᬑ㐢ㅖ≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡛࠶ࡿ᩿ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡣಶูㅖ≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࡣྰᐃⓗ⮬ᕫ㛵ಀ࠸ 㢮ᴫᛕࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡗ࡚ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࡀᨾࠊ༢࡞ࡿ᭷ᶵయࡋ࡚㟼Ṇࡋ ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺྠኈࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬ ࡔࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀᤕࡽ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ᭷ᶵ ❧ⓗ࡞యࡋ࡚ᖖ࠸ࢆྰᐃࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸ ᛶⓎᒎᛶࢆᤕࡽ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣᙺ❧ࡓ࡞ ࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ▩┪ࠖࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠸ࡇࡶࡲࡓᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏿ᕝ㑻Ặࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᴫᛕㅖつᐃࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊูࡋ࡚ ࡓᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡢΰྠ ୕ࡘࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠊḟࡢࡼ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ ࠺࡞⌮ゎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢΰྠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋ(ト 7) ࠕࠗᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊලయⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㨦࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡘ┠ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢㅖዎᶵࡢ㛫ࡢྰᐃⓗ࡞ ලయⓗ࡞ࡶࡢෆᅾࡋࠊ ࣭࣭࣭⮬ᕫྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ ⮬ᕫ㛵ಀࠊ≉ࠕ▩┪ࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ 㨦࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠗᴫᛕㄽ࡛࠘ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆᏳᐃࡋࡓ᭷ᶵⓗయࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ⌮ゎ ࡑࡢពࡣࠊయࠊ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ♧ࡋ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ᪉ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕≀࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊ≟ࠊ㤿ࠊ㞛ࠊ ࡛ࡣࠊᴫᛕㅖつᐃࡢ▩┪ࡀ᭱⤊ⓗゎỴࡉࢀࠊⓎ ࢚࢝ࢹࠊ➼ࠎෆᅾࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆໟᣓࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ ᒎࡀ࠶ࡿẁ㝵࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺↓ᢈุ࡞ ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦㏿ᕝ㑻ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤ ⌧≧⫯ᐃࡢែᗘࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ ࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ, 㟷ᒣ♫, 1996,p.560㸧 ࡣ≉す⏣ဴᏛ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ࡶ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ศᯒࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡶᯒฟࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊ⛉ Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ 54 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡋࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢほᛕࡢᘚドἲࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡿࠋ ࠖ㕥ᮌⱱ, ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚㸸 ࠕ㕥 ᖐ⤖ࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊ୕␒┠ࡢ ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮㛶 p.8㸧 ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᣢࡘ⮬❧ᛶὀ┠ࡋࠊಶู ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡶ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⌧ᐇࡢṌࡳࡣ ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ࡞࠶ࡿᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ▩┪Ⓨᒎࡢ ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ⤫୍ࡽ⤫୍ࠊࡴ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ཎືຊࢆぢฟࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄆ㆑ࡢṌࡳࡣ⤫୍ࡽศࠊศࡽ⤫୍ࠊ 㕥ᮌⱱẶࡣࡑࡢࡇࢆ➃ⓗᣦࡍࡿࠋ ࡴ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ㸦ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽࡢ ࠕಶయࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢≉Ṧࢆࡶෆໟࡍ ࡿࡶࡢࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ▩┪≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ ◊✲࣮ࠖ࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⦅᭶᭩ᗑ p.90㸧 㕥ᮌⱱẶࡣࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ ࡕࡽᚲ↛ⓗࡑࢀࡽࡢㅖዎᶵࢆᒎ㛤ࡏࡊࡿࢆ ࡅࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛵ಀࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ᤕ ᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅛయࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࡓࡔࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᴫᛕࡣࠊࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾᑐࡋ࡚ᮍᒎ㛤 ࡞ᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ▩┪ࡽࡢࡳࠊࡳࡕࡧࡁࡔࡉࢀ ࡢࠊࡲࡔࡑࢀࢆ༑ศࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡿࠋ ࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱ, ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚㸸ࠕ㕥 ࡃࠊࠗࡑࢀ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊ⮬ศࡢᑐ⪅ࢆ ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮㛶 p.8㸧ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡣࡲࡗ ࡘࡽࡠ࠸࡚⮬ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢᑐ⪅ࡢ⤫୍ ࡓࡃࡑࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ(ト 8)ࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡀࡇࡢၥ ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋࠗ⮬ 㢟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇ ศ⮬㌟ࡢᑐ⪅࠘ࡣࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᐃ᭷ࠊᛶ≧ࠊ≉ ࢀࢆᅗᘧࡍࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ(ᅗ㸰)ࠋ Ṧࠊ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡞ࢆࡉࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ ศࡢ୰ࡽ≉Ṧ࡞ㅖつᐃࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢయࠊ 㸲᪂ࡋ࠸ほⅬ ࡑࡢഃ㠃ࡸ㐣⛬ࢆᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠖྠ ࡉ࡚ࡇࡇࡽࡀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㕥ᮌẶࡣࠊ⥆ࡅ࡚ ḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢ⌧ᐇࡢಶ≀ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ▩┪≀ࡋ࡚ࠊ ᭷ᶵⓗಶ≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑ ࡇ₯ᅾࡍࡿ≉Ṧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㢧ᅾࡣࠊྠࠊ ⴌⱆࡢⓎᒎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᐇ⌧࡛࠶ࡿ ࡽࠊᅛయࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࡘࡡලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡽලయⓗ ᬑ㐢ࠊ⏕ࡁࡓయࡽ⏕ࡁࡓయࡢ㐣⛬ࢆࡓ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࢆࠊᬑ㐢ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢつ ᐃᛶ≉Ṧࢆ⣔ิ࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢつ ᐃయ≉Ṧ࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ྰᐃ ⓗ࡞⮬ᕫ㛵ಀࠊᴫᛕᬑ㐢ࡑࡢᐃᅾ≉Ṧࡢ▩ ┪ࡢࡇࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ≀ࡢⓎᒎࢆᤕ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏫ゝ࠺ࡇࢀࡣࠊ 㑅ゝุ᩿ࡢᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀࠊࠕㅖ ≉Ṧࠖࢆ᭷ᶵⓗ㐃㛵ࡉࡏ࡚⥲యࡍࡿࠕᐇయࠖ 55 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡛࠶ࡾࠕຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㠃ࡀࠊ☜↛ุ᩿ࡣࡗ ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊⓎᒎࡢࢇ࠺ࡢᵝ┦࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ ࡁࡾ⏕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡣࡋ ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡣࠊ≉Ṧ⮬యࡢᵓ ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⌧ᐇࡢⓎᒎࡣỴࡋ࡚యࡽయ 㐀ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௬ࡑ࠺ぢ࠼ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ ࡲࡓࠊ࠶ࡿಶู㸦᰿ᣐ࣭య㸧࠾࠸࡚ᬑ㐢 య࡛࠶ࡿಶูࡢ୰࡛ࠊᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡀྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ≉Ṧࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀᬑ㐢ྰ ࡋ࠶࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊศࡸᑐ❧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡑࢀ ᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬ ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞㛵ಀࢆồࡵ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃ ❧ⓗ࡞ಶู㸦᰿ᣐ࣭య㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㐢ㅖ≉Ṧ ࡤయࡽ㒊ศࠊ㒊ศࡽయ࠸࠺㐣⛬ࢆ ࡢྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ⮬ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ㕥ᮌẶࡣࡇࡢⅬࢆࡣࡗࡁ ㌟᭷ᶵⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡋࡶࠊࡑࡢ▩┪ࡼࡾ ࡾᤕ࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ⮬❧ⓗ࡞య࡛࠶ࡿᅗ㸱ࠋ ≉Ṧࡣ≉Ṧ࡛࠶ࡿࡶᬑ㐢࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ㌟య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣㅖᶵ㛵㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧ࡀ ࡣ⣔ิࡢⓎᒎ࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑐ㇟ ࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࡉࢀ ࡢᵓ㐀࠾࠸࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㇟ࡢᵓ㐀 ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊㅖᶵ㛵⮬యࡶࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ⫵ࡶࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ୰ᾐ㏱ࡋࠊㅖ≉Ṧࢆ⤫୍ࡍ ⫵⬊➼ࡢㅖ≉Ṧࢆᣢࡕࠊࡑࢀࡀ⫵ࡢᶵ⬟㸦ᬑ㐢㸧 ࡿࠕຊࠖࢆᣢࡗࡓᬑ㐢ᑐࡋࠊ≉Ṧ⮬㌟ࡶࠊࡑࢀ ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿಶู㸦య㸧࡛ ⮬㌟୍ࡘࡢᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࡀᨾࠊ⮬ࡽᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬❧ⓗືࢇࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ⮬ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿㅖ≉Ṧࢆྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ ࠶ࡿࡽࠊㅖᶵ㛵▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ㌟యࡶሙྜࡼ ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊ୍ಶࡢ⮬❧ࡋࡓయ࡛ࡶ ࡗ࡚ࡣẼ࡞ࡾࠊṚ⮳ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᬑ㐢 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡼࡾ῝࠸ㄆ㆑࠸ࡓࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊಶูࡣ ࡉࡽ≉Ṧࡽศᯒࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡼࡾ୍ᒙ῝࠸ᵓ㐀 యࡋ࡚⮬ࡽⓎᒎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋࠊࡑࡢⓎᒎ ࠸ࡓࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋྠᵝࡢࡇࡣඖ⣲㸫 ࡣಶูෆ㒊ࡢᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ▩┪ࡼࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ཎᏊ᰾㸫㟁Ꮚ㸫⣲⢏Ꮚ࠸ࡗࡓㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡘ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊಶయࡢⓎᒎࡣࡘࡡ ࠸࡚ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿト 9ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࠊ≉Ṧࡽࡉࡽ ලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡽලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ ≉Ṧࡢᵓ㐀㐍ࡴㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓ ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㕥ᮌⱱẶࡢ฿㐩Ⅼࡽࡉࡽ㐍 ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊಶ≀ࡢෆ㒊࠶ࡗ࡚ᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃ ࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ ⓗ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡀ⮬❧ࡋጞࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡎ ㄞࡳ┤ࡍ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ≉Ṧࠖὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇࡢព ࢀᆒ⾮ࢆ◚ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⤫୍ࢆồࡵ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 56 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖ ᴫᛕつᐃ┦ࡢᑐ❧ࡣᴫᛕ⮬㌟ࡢつᐃస⏝࡞ࡢ ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡀࡇࡉࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋุ᩿ࡣᴫᛕ⮬㌟ࡼࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つᐃⓗ 㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࢆᛕ㢌⨨ ᴫᛕࡢᥐᐃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ 㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕ ࡁࠊࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡢᒎ㛤ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑ ㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖୗᕳ ṊᕷṊேヂ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, 1969ࠊ ࡢᴫほࢆ㏙࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ p.71)㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊே㛫ࡀᑐ㇟ࢆศ ᯒ࣭⥲ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆࠊ࠶ࡓࡶᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ 㸳࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᥥࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡓ࠸ࢇࢃ ࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡋࡶࠊㄆ㆑ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆᐈほⓗ≀ࡢ ᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣㄒ㏙ㄒࡀ ࠕ⧅㎡ࠖ(kopula)ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋᙧᘧ ㄽ⌮Ꮫࡣࠊᛮ⪃ࡢᙧᘧࡀ㤳ᑿ୍㈏ࡋࡓᩚྜⓗ࡞ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ௳ࡸつ๎ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠ୍ᚊࠊ୰ᚊࢆཎ⌮ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡣุ᩿ࢆほⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ ࡢᙧᘧ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣࠊᛮᝳࡢ ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡶᏑᅾࡢᙧᘧ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព ࡛ࠊᑐ㇟⮬㌟ࡢ⌧㇟ࡽᮏ㉁ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢ 㐣⛬ࡀࠊ࠶ࡓࡶᑐ㇟⮬㌟ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࡼ ࠺ᥥࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ㏫ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢ⥲యᛶࡸⓎᒎࡢ 㐣⛬ࡀㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ᥥ ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇࢇࡀࡽࡗࡓ㐣⛬ࡀࠊࠕ ㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࠖ࠸࠺ᙧᘧศࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀࠕุ᩿ࠖ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࠕุ᩿ࠖࢆࠕUrteilࠖ࠸࠺ ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕཎ㸫ศࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡣࠊ୕ࡘࡢᴫᛕつᐃ(ᬑ 㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู)ࡀࠊㄒ㏙ㄒศࡋ࡚⾲ࢀ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㺂ุ᩿ࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࡢศᯒࡀྠ Ⓨᒎྠ୍どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁࡀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊయࡽ㒊ศࠊ㒊ศࡽ యࠊලయࡽᢳ㇟ࠊᢳ㇟ࡽලయ㐍ࡴࠋ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᐈほⓗ≀ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡయࡽ యⓎᒎࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㉁ⓗ␗࡞ࡿࡘࡢ㐣⛬ࡀࠊ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣΰྠࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔ ࡽࡇࡑࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍࡓࡵࠊุ᩿ㄽࢆࠊே㛫ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ ศᯒ࣭⥲ྜࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢ㝿ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ㐍ࡵ࡚ ࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤ ࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊࡉࡋ࠶ࡓ ࡗ࡚ࡣಶู㸫ᬑ㐢ࡢ㛵ಀࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋࠊ≉Ṧࡣ⫼ ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⫼ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≉Ṧࡢᙺ ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊุ᩿ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࡸࠊ㛵 ಀࢆࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡢ㐣⛬ࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡢᵓ㐀ࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆㄞࡴࡇ ࡼࡾᬉࢆᴟࡵࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡀᐜ᫆ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ㄆ㆑ࡢᙧᘧࡢศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚㐍ࡴࠋࡘࡲ ࡾࠊᑐ㇟ࢆศᯒࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊㄆ㆑⮬యࡢྫྷ㸦ศᯒ㸧 㸴ุ᩿ㄽࡢᒎ㛤 ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊㄆ㆑ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢᙺ㝈⏺ࢆ᫂ ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊุ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡣࠊุ᩿ࡢㅖつᐃࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᑐ ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧࡀⓎᒎࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊ┤᥋ⓗ ㇟ࡢලయⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟ ࡞⤒㦂࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊ ࢭࢫࡢྛẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢁࡢᑐ㇟ ᮏ㉁ࠊᮏ㉁ࡽᴫᛕⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࡢᵝ┦࠺㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽᒎ ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 㛤ࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ࢆ ࡑࡢࡇࢆゝࢃࢇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫ つᐃࡍࡿ㐠ືࡋ࡚ᥥࢀࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ⮬㌟ࠊ ᛕࡣ᭷(⌧㇟࣭ኚ)ᮏ㉁(┬)ࡢほᛕⓗ⤫୍ ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡇࡢᢳ㇟స⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊุ᩿࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿᴫᛕࡢᒎ㛤ࡣࠊ 57 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡲࡎࡇࢀࡽࡘࡢẁ㝵ࢆᴫᛕࡩࡉࢃࡋࡃኚᙧ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕྰᐃุ᩿ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕ⢭⚄ࡣ㇟ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⏕⏘ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࠊ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ㄒ㏙ㄒࡢ ࡑࡋ࡚ḟᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡶࡲࡓ┿ࡢุ᩿ࡋ࡚ ࡞୍⮴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕ↓㝈ุ᩿ࠖࡶྍ⬟ ⮬ᕫࢆつᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇồ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋɆɆุ᩿ࡢㅖ✀㢮ࡣࠊྠࡌ ࡇࡢࡇࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢟ࡣࠗ㇟ࡣ ౯್ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢࡋ࡚୪ิࡉࢀࡿࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ ㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ ࠊ ࠗ⢭⚄ࡣ⢭⚄࡛࠶ࡿ࠘࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ྠ ࡞ࡃࠊẁ㝵ࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ୍㢟ྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊṇࡋࡃࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㤿㮵ࡽࡋ࠸ ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ༊ูࡣ㏙ㄒࡢㄽ⌮ⓗᙧᘧࡼࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 173 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 171 ⠇⿵㑇.ࠕᑠㄽ Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.147) ⌮ Ꮫ ( ୗ ᕳ ) ࠖ ᯇ ᮧ ୍ ே ヂ ᒾ Ἴ ᩥ ᗜ ,1972, ㏙ࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢព⩏㝈⏺ࢆࠕᐈほⓗ p.143) ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ᭷ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ุ᩿ㄽࡣ(㸯)ࠕᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿ࠖ(⫯ᐃุ᩿ࠊྰᐃุ ឤᛶⓗ࡞≀ࡢᮏᛶࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ✵ ᩿ࠊ↓㝈ุ᩿)ࠊ(㸰)ࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ(༢⛠ุ᩿ࠊ ࡞ྠ୍ᐇࡋࡓ㛵ಀɆɆ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᐇࠊ㛵 ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠊ⛠ุ᩿)ࠊ(㸱)ࠕᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ࠖ(ᐃ ಀࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㉁ⓗ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲ ゝุ᩿ࠊ௬ゝุ᩿ࠊ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠊ(㸲)ࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࡗࡓࡃ㐺ྜࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀɆɆࡢศ (ᐇ↛ุ᩿ࠊ↛ุ᩿ࠊ☜↛ุ᩿)࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ᒎ ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 173 ⠇.ࠕᑠ 㛤ࡍࡿࠋ ㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, ࡇࢀࢆࠊᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟ ࢭࢫࡋ࡚ᴫほࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ p.147) ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ࡀࠕಶูࠖࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ፹ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㠃ࡀ 㸴㸯ᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿ ࡃฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡇࢁࡑࡢཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡢࣂࣛࡣ㉥࠸ࠋ ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭࣭ឤᛶࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄆ㆑࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ፹ⓗᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ 㸴㸰┬ࡢุ᩿ ࡞࠸ࠋ ༢⛠ุ᩿ࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖ ㄒࡣಶูࠊ㏙ㄒࡣᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠕ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖ ≀ࡀ┤᥋ࠊឤᛶࡼࡗ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓጼࢆ⾲ࡍุ ⛠ุ᩿ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣṚࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⤒㦂┤᥋࠼ࡽࢀࡓ ࡿ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖᬑ㐢ᛶࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ ⌧㇟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ ᬑ㐢ᛶࡣࠊ≉Ṧ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㈏࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉Ṧᛶ ࡑࡢⅬࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᴾ ࡋࡋࠊ㏙ㄒࡢᬑ㐢ࡶឤᛶⓗ࡞ࡽࡤࠊㄒࡢಶ ᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿࡛ࠊ୍ᗘࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ㉁(ᬑ㐢)࡛ ูࡶ༢⣧┤᥋ⓗ࡛ឤᛶⓗ࡞ࠕࡇࡢࡶࡢࠖࡋ࡚ ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢഅ↛ⓗ㛵ಀࡋࡓࠕಶูࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊಶูᬑ㐢ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀࠊ 㛵ಀࢆ࠸ࡗࡓࢇゎᾘࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ ࡲࡗࡓࡃഅ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶูࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡋ ㉁(ᬑ㐢ᛶ)ࢆᅇࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ┬ࡢ ࡓᬑ㐢࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢุ᩿࡛ࡣࠊࡑ ุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㏙ㄒࡣࠊㄒ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࠕࣂࣛࠖ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࢆࠕࡢࡶࡢࠖ⤖ࡧࡅࡿࠋࡓ ࡣࠕ㉥࠸ࠖࡔࡅ⤖ࡧࡘ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࠕ㉥࠸ࠖࡣࣂ ࠼ࡤࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖࡢሙྜࠊࠕࡇࡢ᳜ ࣛࡔࡅ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄒ㏙ㄒࡢ㛵ಀ ≀ࠖࡣࠕ⸆࡞ࡿࠖ࠸࠺㏙ㄒࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡢ ࡣእⓗ࡛അ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ ࡶࡢࠖ ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕ࠶ࡿẼࠖ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࠕࣂࣛࡣ㉥ࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࡶゝ࠼ ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ㏙ㄒࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉ 58 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕࡢࡶࡢࠖ 㸦ㄒᑐࡋ࡚እ⏺ ⏺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢇ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞࠸ ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸧㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㏙ㄒ ➼ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࠕ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠖ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡶࠊ ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࡢពࢆ ࡑࢀࡣࠕ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ⌧㇟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕಶูࡢ㞟ྜࠖ ᣢࡘࠕ┬つᐃ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊㄒࡢ┤᥋ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫ࡢ᭷㝈࡞⤒㦂࠾࠸࡚ぢฟࡉࢀ ⓗ࡞ಶูᛶࡣ㉸࠼ࡽࢀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠕ⌧㇟ࠖࠕឤᛶࠖ ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࠕከࡃࡢಶูࠖࡀࠕࡍ࡚ࡢಶูࠖ ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡽࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࠕ┬ࠖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛ ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ ῝ࡲࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࡸࠕ┬ࠖࡣࠊࠕᮏ ࡇࡣࠊࠕ⛠ุ᩿࡛ࠖࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ㉁࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⌧㇟࠾ࡅࡿኚࡸከᵝ ᭷㝈࡞ࠕ⌧㇟ࠖᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸦ἲ๎➼㸧 ᛶࡢ୰࡛ࠊᜏᖖⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢㅖ㛵ಀࡸㅖつᐃ ࡣࠊ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ௬ㄝࠖࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ ┦ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀᙉ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡶࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ ࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡢ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ ࠕࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡣே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ุ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᳜≀ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ᩿ࡣ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋே㛫࡛࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡛ ࡑࢀࡀࠕ≉⛠ุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ ࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖ ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣࠊࡢே㛫ࡋ࡚୪ࢇ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚ ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮㝈ࡽࡎࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡶࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡶࠊ ࠸ࡿࠋࡺ࠼ࠊከࡃࡢே㛫ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇ ࡑࡢࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜࡢከࡃࡢேࠎࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿ ࡼࡾࠊ ࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕே㛫ࠖ࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ᛶ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲࡽࡎࠊᙼ ᒓࡋࠊุ᩿ࡣࠊࠕࡍ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣṚࡍࡁࡶࡢ ࡽࡢࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡶࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ⛠ุ᩿ࠖ㐍ࡴࠋࡇࡢࠕࡍ ࡶࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡶࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡸ ࡚ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࠕ┬ࠖࡀ᭱ึฟࡃࢃࡍ ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡸࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ ᬑ㐢ᛶࡢᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࠸ࠋಶࠎࡢே㛫ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡋ ࡣࠊࠕᩘࠖࡸࠕ㔞ࠖࡀᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ ࠊ≉Ṧࡢே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠸࠺┬つᐃࡣࠊࠕ᭷⏝ࠖࠕ༴㝤ࠖࠕ㔜ຊࠖࠕ㓟ࠖ ࠕಶูࡀྰᐃⓗ⮬ᕫෆ┬ࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥ ࠕ⾪ືࠖ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊಶูࡢ୰ࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ 㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 174 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇ ࢆ㈏ࡁࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆෆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆᤕ࠼ ᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.149)ࡇࢀࡀࠕ┬ࡢ ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊㄒ㸦ಶู㸧㏙ㄒ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡢ ุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྠ୍ᛶࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡇ࡛ࠊ⛠ุ᩿ࡲ࡛῝ࡲࡗ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ ࠕṚࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠕே㛫ࠖ ࡓㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ࠖ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࠋ ࡔࡅᅛ᭷࡞ᬑ㐢ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕ࢚࢝ࣝࠖࠕ࣑࣑ࢬࠖ ࡞ࡢࡢࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ 㸴㸱ᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ ࡚ࠊㄒࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡣእⓗ࡞ࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ ᐃゝุ᩿ ࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊㄒࡢࠕಶูࠖ௨እࡢࡢࡶࡢ ࠕࣂࣛࡣࠊ᳜≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭࣭㏙ㄒࠕලయⓗ ࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᬑ㐢 ᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕᐇయࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ ᛶࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᛶࠖࡣࠕ≉Ṧ࡞ ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡍࡿຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ ࡶࡢࠖࢆ㈏ࡁࠊࠕ≉Ṧᛶࠖࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆྵࡴࡶࡢ ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼ࠊ࠸ࡲࡔഅ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡇࡢุ᩿࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊㄒ㏙ㄒࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ᚲ↛ᛶࡣᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢෆᐜࡀ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡑ ࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢀࡽࡢྠ୍ᛶࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡲࡓࠊ ࠕ༢⛠ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠊᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ ㄒ㏙ㄒࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡛ ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡿ୍ᅇ㝈ࡾࡢ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝈 ࠶ࡿࠋࢇ࡞ࣂࣛࡶ᳜≀࡛࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊࣂ࡛ࣛ࠶ 59 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋㄒࡣ≉Ṧ㸦✀㸧ࠊ㏙ㄒࡣᬑ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡀㄒࡢᐇయᛶ 㐢㸦㢮㸧࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ᩿ᐃⓗ㏙ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᐇయᛶࠖࡢㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ ࠕ࡞ࡺ࠼ࠖ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡸ᮲௳ࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࡽ ࠕ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ≀ࡣᐃゝุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ῝ ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ≀ࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇయⓗ࡞ᮏ㉁ ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐃゝุ ᩿ࡣࠊ ࠕᐇయࠖࡢㄆ㆑࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௬ゝุ᩿ ࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡋࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠼ ࠕ㸿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㹀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭≉ ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᬑ㐢ࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ⏕ Ṧ≉Ṧࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᬑ㐢ࡢ㛵 ࠾ࡅࡿ⣽⬊ࠊỈ⣲ࡸ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࠊ࣭࣭࣭㕲➼ࠎࡢ ಀࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ඖ⣲࠾ࡅࡿ⣲⢏Ꮚࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧㇟ ࡇࡢุ᩿࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࡣࠊᤕ࠼ ࡽ✀ᕪ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠕ࡞ࡺ࠼ࠖ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡸ᮲௳ࢆ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾ ㅖ⌧㇟ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊ ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡣࠊࡢࡶࡢ፹ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠊࡢࡶࡢࡢ ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶព Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡋࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀㄆ㆑ ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡲࡉࠕཎᅉ⤖ᯝࠖࡢ㛵 ࡇࢁࡀࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡣࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡀࠕᐇయᛶࠖࢆ ㉁ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢪ࢙࣒ࢬ࠾࠸࡚ ᤕ࠼ࡿㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ ࡣࠕᐇᅾࠖࡣࠕ௬ㄝࠖࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ┿ ࡣ㺀ᅉᯝᛶ㺁ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࠕ௬ゝุ ⌮ࠖࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⤒㦂ࢆ㛵ಀࡉࡏࠊ⤫ᣓࡋࠊ ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⮬⏤ᕦࡳά⏝࡛ࡁࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⌧㇟ᑐࡋ࡚ᴫᛕⓗ ࡇࢁࡀࠊᗘࡣࠊㄒ㏙ㄒࡢࠊࡘࡢ≉Ṧ ࡞㏆㐨ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡕࡣࡸࡃࡑࢀ័ࢀぶࡋࡴࡇ ࡢྠ୍ᛶ㸦ᐇయ=ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣࠊ┤᥋ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕാࡃຊࢆᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ㄒ㏙ㄒࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇయᛶ㸦ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸧ࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡑࢀࡀᑐ㇟ࡢᐇయࡸᮏ㉁ࠊᵓ㐀ࡸἲ๎ࢆᤕ࠼࡚࠸ ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂❧ࡋࡓࠕ⌧ᐇᛶࠖࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ≉ ࡿྰࡣၥ㢟ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ୧⪅ඹ㏻ࡍࡿᐇయᛶ㸦 ࠕᬑ ࢬ࣒ࡀࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ↓⏝ࡢࡶࡢ 㐢ࠖ㸧ࡣ⾲ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊㄒࡢ⌧ᐇ ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᛶ㸦㸿ࡢᏑᅾ㸧ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⌧ᐇᛶ ࡉ࡚ヰࢆඖᡠࡍࠋ≉Ṧࡣࠕࣂࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏙ㄒ㸦㹀㸧ࡢ⌧ᐇᛶࡋ ࠸ࠋࠕࢧࢡࣛࠖࡶࠕ࣓࢘ࠖࡶࠕ࢟ࢡࠖࡶࡳ࡞᳜≀ ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࡲࡔഅ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡶࠊ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪≉Ṧ㹀ࡣࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ᰿ᣐ ࡞ࡐ᳜≀ࡀࣂࣛ࡞ࡢࠊ࡞ࡐࠕᐇయࠖࡀ୍ᐃࡢࠕᙧ ࢆ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸦ᐇయ㸫ᬑ㐢㸧ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ ែࠖࢆࡗ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࠊ࡞ࡐࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ ≉Ṧ㸿ࡢ࠺ࡕᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡞ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢཎ⌮ࡀᤕ ࡓࠊ≉Ṧ㸿ࡶࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣࠕ௬ゝⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡀᐃゝุ᩿ࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡣഅ↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࢆࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࡶ࡞࠾༑ศ Ṧ㹀ࡢᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳ࡸཎᅉࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡞ࡇࢁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡣ≉Ṧ ࡣᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ≉Ṧ㸿ࡶ≉Ṧ㹀ࡶ ᛶࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢺṇᙜ࡞ᆅࢆ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ᰿ᣐᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ᫂ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 177 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗ ࡽࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊᬑ㐢ࡽ≉Ṧࢆᑟࡁฟࡍ ᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.154)㏙ ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡶ᫂ࡽ 60 ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡀࠕ㸿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㹀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠖ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖࡣࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࡘ㹀 ࠸࠺ࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕぶࡀᏑᅾࡍ Ϲࡘ㹀Ϻࡘ……࡛࠶ࡿࠖᐃᘧࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤᏊࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ุ᩿ࡣࠊ୧⪅ࡢᐇ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡘࡢㄽ⌮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ య㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⏕ࠖࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑ ࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㹀Ϲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㹀Ϻ࡛ࡶ ࡢ࠺࠼࡛ࠊぶࡶᏊࡶࠕ⏕ࠖ࠸࠺ᐇయ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧 ࠶ࡾ……࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺⤫୍ࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺ ࡢࠕᙧែࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇయ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣぶ ୍ࡘࡣࠊࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ……࡛ Ꮚ࠸࠺ࠕᙧែࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡋ࡚ᚲࡎ⌧㇟ࡍࡿ ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺༊ูࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊ࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏑᅾ ༊ู⤫୍ࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ୍࡚ ࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘࡢ᭷ᶵⓗయࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊࡑ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ≉Ṧࡸㅖ≉ ࡢ୰࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐃㛵ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ┦ᑐⓗ Ṧ㸦㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ࣭࣭࣭࣭㸧࠺ࡋࡢᚲ↛ⓗ ࡞⨨ࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ ࡞㐃㛵㸦᭷ᶵⓗ㐃㛵㸧ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࡢㄽ ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᐇㅖ≉Ṧࡢ᭷ᶵ ⌮ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢ ⓗ㐃㛵ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ 㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ ……࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺༊ูࡢㄽ⌮ࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢㸿ࡣࠊ 㑅ゝุ᩿ ≉Ṧ㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ࣭࣭࣭ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࢀ ࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࡘ㹀Ϲࡘ㹀Ϻࡘ࡛͐͐࠶ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡿࠋ ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭࣭≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱ㸫ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ⮬ ࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࢀ୍ࡘࡢ≉Ṧࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕࠕ✀ᕪࠖࢆྵࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿࠕල ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ యⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᐇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࡇゝ࠺ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣ ࡲࡔࠕయࠖࡋ࡚ࡣᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ⮬ࡽࢆࠕㅖ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡋࠊࠕㅖ≉Ṧࠖࢆ᭷ ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ ᶵⓗ㐃㛵ࡉࡏ࡚⥲యࡍࡿᐇయ࡛࠶ࡾຊ࡛࠶ ࠺ࡕࠕ✀ᕪࠖࢆྵࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿࠕලయ ࡿࡀࠊྠࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚⊂⮬Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣྠࠊ≉Ṧ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍ ࡞ㅖせ⣲ࠊㅖᙧែࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࢆつᐃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞⥲యࡋ࡚ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆᤕ࠼ ࡿࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿᴗ㸦ಶู㸧ࡣࠊ⤒⌮㒊㛛ࠊ⏕ ⏘㒊㛛ࠊ㔠⼥㒊㛛ࠊὶ㏻㒊㛛➼ࠎࡢࠕㅖ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ ලయⓗ࠸࠺ࠊ ࠕᐙࡣࠊ⋞㛵࡛࠶ࡾࠊᒃ㛫࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊྠࡑࢀࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࠕቑṪࡍࡿ ࠶ࡾࠊᗙᩜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྎᡤ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐷᐊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭩ ౯್ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ㈨ᮏ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣࠊ≉Ṧࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ ᩪ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣭࣭࣭࣭ᒇ᰿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ ࡿ⏕⏘㒊㛛ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊࡢㅖ≉Ṧ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ࠕᐙࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣㅖ≉Ṧࡢయ㸦⥲య㸧 ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㒊㛛ࢆ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࡋࠊ࠶ࡿᴗ ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏫ࡳࡿࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ⥲ 㸦ಶู㸧ࢆ⥲యࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ యࡀࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᴫᛕࡣࠊ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᢳ㇟ⓗ࣭ᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊලయⓗ࡞ෆᐇࢆ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡼ ᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ༊ูࡢ㠃ࡽศ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢྠ୍ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡞つᐃ ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬㌟ࡶࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ ᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖ࠾࠸ ⤫୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⮬❧ࡋ࡚ࡶ ࡚ࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕᴫᛕࠖࡋ࡚ᥐᐃࡉ ࠸࡚ࠊࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖ 61 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡼ ᴫᛕࡑࡢᐃᅾࡢ▩┪ࠊ≉Ṧᬑ㐢ࡢ▩┪ࡣࠊ ࡾ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⥲యࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ⤫ ࡇほᛕࡢᅜ࠶ࡿࢹ⌧ᐇࡢ㛫ࡢ▩┪ ୍ᛶࡀኻࢃࢀࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠺ࡋࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊேࡢほᐈほࡢ㛫ࡢ▩┪ ࡇࡇࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ≀ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ࠺ࡕෆ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࢁࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜ ᅾࡍࡿ⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᛶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉ ࡉ࡚ࠊࠕᐇ↛ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ㸦ಶู㸧ࡀ㸪 Ṧࠖࡣ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ ࠶ࡿࡁጼ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭࣭࣭ᙜⅭ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ≀ࡢᴫᛕࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࠺㸦୍⮴ࡍࡿྰ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊఱࡺ࠼ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ▩┪ࡼࡾࠊ⥲య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣయ 㸦ಶูࡢᒓᛶ࣭࣭࣭≉Ṧ㸧 ࠊ࠶ࡿࡁጼ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭࣭࣭ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡶࡢⓎᒎ ᙜⅭ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺㸦୍⮴ࡍࡿྰ㸧 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ㏫ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕᐇ ↛ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠕ↛ุ᩿ࠖ㌿ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ 㸴㸲ᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ ࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖࡢෆᐜࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊ ↛ุ᩿ ࡞つᐃᛶ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧࡢ⤫୍ࡑࡢ▩┪㸧ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࢆᐃ❧ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࡞ࡺ࠼ࠖࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࢆ ࡼࡾࠊุ᩿ࡣᑐ㇟ࡢᴫᛕⓗᢕᥱ࡞ࡿࠋ ᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࠖ➃ⓗᙇࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢᐇ↛ ᴾ ᐇ↛ุ᩿ ุ᩿ࡣࠊࡑࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࡇࡢᐙࠖࡢᒓᛶ㸦≉Ṧ㸧 ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࠋ ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕᐃᅾࡢ୍⮴࣭ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺ࡑࡢᑐࡢุ ୍⮴ࢆ⾲ࡍࡀࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ ࠕ࡞ ᩿ࡶᑟࡃࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢᘬࡁୗࡆࡽ ࡺ࠼ࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࠖࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࢀࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡢᐙࠖ࠸࠺ࠕಶูࠖࡀࠊ ࠕᐙࠖ࠸࠺ࠕᬑ 㐢୍ࠖ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࡞࠸ࢆࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕࢃࡿ ☜↛ุ᩿ ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺㏙ㄒ࡛♧ࡍࠋ ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࡢᐙࡣࠊࡼ࠸ࠋ ࠖ ࣭࣭࣭☜↛ุ᩿ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ୍ࡘࡢ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚Ꮡ ࡣࠊᐇ↛ุ᩿࠾࠸࡚Ḟࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ↛ุ᩿ࡼ ᅾࡋࠊࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡑࡢᙺࡸᶵ⬟ࡸព⩏ࢆ ࡗ࡚♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠊಶูᬑ㐢ࡢ୍⮴୍࣭⮴ࡢ᰿ ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ୍ࡘࡢಶูࡋ࡚⤫୍ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ᣐ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᐙࠖࡢሙྜࡣࠊᐙ᪘ࡀࡃࡘࢁࡄࡇ ࠕࡇࡢࠖࡣࠊಶูᛶࢆ♧ࡋࠊࠕᐙࠖࡣࠊᬑ㐢ᛶ ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠕᒃ㛫ࠖࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྠࠊ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࡢࠖࡣ ࠕᐙࠖࢆࠕᐙࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡶࡋࢀ ≉Ṧᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊ ࠕ࠶ࡿࡁጼࠖ 㸦⌮࣭ᙜⅭ㸧 ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࢆᣢࡘᐙࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊ༢ ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡽ㞳ࢀࡓࢹ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᐇࡑࡢࡶ ࡞ࡿಶู࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢ᛶ࣭≉Ṧᛶ࣭ಶูᛶࡢ⤫ ࡢࡢ࠺ࡕ༶⮬ⓗ㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ୍య࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᐙࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡿࡁࡶ ࡞ࡿࠋ⌮⌧ᐇࢆษࡾ㞳ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ♧ࡋࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࠖࡣࠊ ᐇࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ⌮ࡑࡢᐇ⌧ࡢ᮲௳ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ ࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡃ࠸࠺ᛮࡀࡇࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⤫୍యࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࢆᣢ ⌮⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪ࠊᙜⅭ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢ▩┪ࠊ ࡘᐙࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠕಶู࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ 62 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊ ཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ୰࠶ࡿࠕㅖ≉ ᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࡢ㏙ㄒㄒ㸦ಶู㸧ࡀࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕ Ṧࠖࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ┦౫Ꮡ㛵ಀྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࠊࡍ 㸦ලయⓗᬑ㐢㸧୍⮴ࡍࡿࡋ࡞࠸ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ▩┪ࠖࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢศᯒ⥲ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊㄒ㏙ㄒࡀࠊྠࡌෆᐜࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≀ࡣࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࡶ ࡑࡢࠕⓎ⏕ྐࠖ㸦Ⓨᒎ㸧ࡶᤕ࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡕࠊࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡶࠊࡳࡎࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧ ࠖࡋࠊࡑࡢㅖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⥲యࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡶ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ุ᩿ࡣ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢⓎ ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘࡢࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠕල ᒎࡣࠊឤぬჾᐁ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡽࠊࡑ యⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ௳ᛶࢆࡂྲྀࡾࠊᮏ㉁ࠊᮏ㉁ࡽᴫᛕ ୍᪉ࠊ㏙ㄒࡢࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠕṇࡋ࠸ࠖ ࠸࠺῝ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠࡲࡓࠊྛẁ㝵࠾ ➼ࠎࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕᙜⅭࠖ 㸦࠶ࡿࡁጼ㸧ࢆ᰿ᗏ ࡅࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ༑ศᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛ ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢᙜⅭᐃ᭷ࡢ୍⮴୍⮴ࢆ ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡶࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊඛ⾜ࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢᡂ ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏙ㄒࡢࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࡣࠊㄒ ᯝࡣྰᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚋࡃ ࡢᛶ≧ࡢ࠺ࡕ᰿ᣐࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ ࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୍ዎᶵࡋ࡚ಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ุ᩿ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࡢ⾲㇟ࡢಶูᛶࡸල ࠕ⧅㎡ࠖࡢࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸࠊ↓ෆᐜ࡞ࡶࡢ యᛶࡽࠊศᯒࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ㉁ࡸᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊෆᐜࢆᣢࡗࡓᐇࡋࡓ⧅㎡࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡲࡓࠊ᭱ึ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢≉Ṧࠊᴫᛕᐃᅾࠊ ࡓಶูࢆࠊᮏ㉁ࡸᴫᛕࡽㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀఱ࡛࠶ ᙜⅭ⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪ࡽࠊಶู㸦య㸧ࡢⓎᒎࡢ ࡗ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡢࡼ࠺⏕ࡌࠊ ཎ⌮ࡉ࠼᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨᒎᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡇࡀᤕࡽ ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ ⥲ྜࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㏣ᛮ⪃ⓗ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ 㐢ࠖࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢ᰾ᚰ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᙧᘧㄽ⌮ ⮬㌟ࡶࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⤫୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ Ꮫࠖࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢุ᩿ࡸ᥎⌮ࢆࠊ༢࡞ࡿᛮ⪃つ๎ ࡓ࠼ࡤ⏕ࢆ᰾㓟ࡸࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁➼ࡽࡑࡢ᭷ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎ ᶵⓗᵓ㐀ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊㅖ ࡢ㐣⛬㛵㐃ࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ ࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ ⤫୍࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⮬❧ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࡚ࠊ 㐣⛬Ꮡᅾࡢ㐣⛬ࢆྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖྰᐃ ࡓࡵࠊࡓ࠸ࢇΰࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᴫᛕㅖつ ⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡼࡾ⤫୍ ᐃ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࡸุ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧࢆᑐ㇟ࡢ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⥲యࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ⤫୍ᛶࡀ ㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡢ㐣⛬୍ࡘࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ ኻࢃࢀࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠺ࡋࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ ࡓࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ㸦ࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ 㸧ࡣࠊ ࠕ⢭⚄⌧㇟Ꮫࠖࢆࡣࡿ㉸࠼ ࡇࡢ▩┪ࡼࡾࠊ⥲య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣయࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡑࢀࡀ༶⮬ⓗ㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡶࡢ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ୍ࡘࡢಶูࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚ᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚ Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊ ࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ ⤫୍ࡉࢀࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ୍ಶࡢᬑ㐢࡛࠶ ࡢࠕᴫᛕᐃᅾࡢ▩┪࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ≀ ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕㅖ≉Ṧࢆྵࡳ᭷ᶵⓗࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚ ࡢࠕⓎᒎࠖࡀㄽ⌮ⓗᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢ ࠸ࡿ⮬❧ⓗ࡞ಶู࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬❧ࡋ 63 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡓಶูࡋ࡚ࠊࡢ≉Ṧࡸᬑ㐢ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍ ᪉ἲࡢẁ㝵ⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠊศᯒ⥲ྜ ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࡉࡽ῝ࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡣࡰ⤫୍ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ ≉Ṧ㸦ᬑ㐢࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾಶู࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࡢෆ㒊ᵓ㐀 ࡼࡾࠊ᪂ࡓࠕ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࠖࡢᴫᛕࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀ ῝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡿ(ᅗ㸳)ࠋ 㸵ಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓᴫᛕࡸ ᅗ㸳 ▱㆑ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ ᭱ᚋࠊㄆ㆑యࡢಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ ㄆ㆑Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡣࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࡓ ࠸ࠋ ᅗ㸲 ࡇࡇ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕຊࠖ࠸࠺ࠕᐇయࠖ 㸦ࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖ┦ᙜ㸧ࠊ ࠕຊࠖࢆㅖຊ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧 ศᯒࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢാࡁ࠶࠺ᵓ㐀㸦ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖ ┦ᙜ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ ࠕ௬ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࠊ㢼 ࣚࢵࢺࡢ㐠ືࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼ ࠕⓑ࠸ᕹࡢࣚࢵࢺࡀ༡㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚༡すࡢ᪉ྥ 㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ(ᅗ㸲)ࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡿேࡢಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ ࡛ࠊ㢼ࣚࢵࢺࡢ㐠ືࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୰࠾ࡅࡿ ඹ㏻ࡢᐇయᑐࡍࡿศᯒ㐍ࡳࠊࡉࡽࠊࡑࡢᐇ యࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㅖせ⣲㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࡢࠊ ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕຊࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࡸ▱㆑ࡀ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺స⏝ࡋ࠶࠺ࡢ࠸࠺ࠕ㑅ゝุ ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊఱࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᩿ࠖ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ ࠕ࡞ࡐࠊࣚࢵࢺࡣ㢼ୖྥࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࡢ ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊㄆ㆑⮬యࡀ⮬ື ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ㸦 ࠕၥ㢟≧ἣࠖ 㸧ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀᚲせ ⓗ῝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༠ാⓗ࡞ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵࡣࠊ ᥈✲ࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠕၥฟࡋࠖࡸࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⤒㦂▱㆑ࡀࡍ࡛⋓ᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢩࣙࣥࡼࡗ࡚፹ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓែࢆࠕCausationࠖ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㅖ▱㆑ࠊᮏㄽ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓ ࡢほⅬࡽぢࡿࡇࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕ௬ ࡼ࠺࡞ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࠋ ゝุ᩿ࠖྥ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕ㢼ୖࡽ㢼ࡀ྿࠸ ࠕ⤒㦂ࠖ 㸦ࠕⓑ࠸ᕹࡢࣚࢵࢺࡀ༡㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚༡す ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ཎᅉࠕࣚࢵࢺࡀ㢼ୖྥࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࠖ ࡢ᪉ྥ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࠖ 㸧ࡽᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ▱㆑ ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡉࡽࠊࠕ࡞ࡐ ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒ ࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࠖࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ 㦂ࡣእ⏺ࡽࡢ่⃭ࢆឤぬჾᐁࡀཷࡅṆࡵࠊኚᙧ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕၥࠖྥࡗ࡚ࠊ᪤ᚓ▱㆑ࡢ୰ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆࠊᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ▱㆑ ࡽస⏝ࡍࡿຊࡢࡁࡉ᪉ྥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ ῝㸦ኚᙧ㸧ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊㄆ㆑యࡢస⏝࡛࠶ࡿ ࢆᡭ⧞ࡾᐤࡏ࡚ࠊࣚࢵࢺࡿຊࢆศᯒ㸫⥲ྜ ࡶࠊㄆ㆑యࡢෆ㒊᮲௳㸦᪤ᚓࡢ▱㆑࣭ᴫ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ▱㆑ࢆᡭ⧞ࡾᐤࡏ࡚ࡃ ᛕ࣭ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ㐣⛬㸦ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᩍ⛉㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑ࡸ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠊᏛࡧࡢ⩦័ࢆᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺࡽ⾜ࡗ 64 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡚࠸ࡓࡋࡓࡽࠊ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ㉥᪉೫⛣ PYP ࡢᴫᛕ㸦ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ ࡸ㟷᪉೫⛣࡞ࡢගࡢࢻࢵࣉ࣮ࣛຠᯝࠊ័ᛶ࣮ࣔ ࡢ㸧ࢆࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎ࣭῝ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ ࣓ࣥࢺࠊࡉࡽࡣࠊᚤศࡸ✚ศ➼ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ┦ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡸࠊయࡢ୰࡛⨨ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ 㸦⣲ᆅ㸧ࢆᅛࡵࠊⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀヨࡳࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐍࣭Ⓨᒎ㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡓศ㢮ࡸ⨨࡙ࡅࡀ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢሙྜ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊ᪤ᚓࡢ▱㆑ࡽ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ู࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࠊࡁࡕࢇ ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶูⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡣࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ 㸶PYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ⨨࡙ࡅ 㛵ࡋ࡚ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᴫᛕࡸㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊ ᬑ㐢ᛶࡸᚲ↛ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ῝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑ ࠕඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࠖࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ῝Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸ┤᥋⤒㦂࠼ࡽࢀࡓᑐ㇟ ࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆ ࡢጼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ㉁ࠊἲ๎ࡸᴫᛕࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶ ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(ト 10) ᤕ࠼ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࠊ ㄽ⌮ⓗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡸุ᩿࣭᥎⌮࠸ࡗࡓᛮ⪃ࡢ ㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛᴫᛕࡣࡢᴫᛕ ㅖᙧᘧࡣࠊே㢮ࡀᗄ༓ᖺࡶࢃࡓࡿ㛗࠸㛫ࡓ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ➼ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ ࠸ࢇ࡞㔞ࡢ⤒㦂ⓗㄆ㆑ࢆ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛗࠸ ࡓࡵࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⤒㦂 ᮇ㛫ࢃࡓࡿே㛫ࡢࠊࣜࡢṌࡳࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡺࡗࡃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊᮏ㉁ࠊ ࡾࡋࡓศᯒ⥲ྜࡼࡾࠊᏑᅾࡸ㐠ື୍⯡ࡢᮏ ᮏ㉁ࡽᴫᛕⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫࡋ࡚ ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀࠊ᭱ࡶᢳ㇟ⓗ࡛ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ゝㄒ ᥈✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡋ࡚✚ࡉࢀᵓ㐀ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ ࡋࡋࠊࡲࡔࠊㅖุ᩿ᙧᘧࡢ୰ࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫ ࡽࠊ༢࣭ࣉࣜ࢜ࣜ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡣ࠸࠼࡞ ᛕࠖࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ఱࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀఱࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ ࣀ࣮࣒࣭ࢳ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡣࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖࢆே㛫 ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠺㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊPYP ௨እ ඛぢⓗഛࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ ࡢࡢᴫᛕࡢ㛵ಀࡣ࠺࡞ࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡍ ࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠕ㢮ⓗᮏᛶࠖᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃ ࡿ᥈✲ࡣࡇࢀࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㢮ⓗᮏᛶࠖࡀࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡢᣦ㔪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊࢳ ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖࡀࠕゎ๗Ꮫࠖ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸶ࡘࡢᴫᛕࡢᑐ↷ࢆᅗᘧⓗ ࡑࡢࠕⓎ⏕Ꮫࠖࢆே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾ㛵㐃ࡅ ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ๓ࠊ ࠕMaking ࡚᥈✲ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ the PYP happenࠖࡅࡿ㸶ࡘࡢᴫᛕࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ ぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 65 ᵮᵷᵮᴾᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾ ᵤᶍᶐᶋᴾ ࢟˳ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ What is it like?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊỄỉợạễờỉẦᵝίٳᚇὸᴾᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that everything has a ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ɟЏỉờỉỊẆᚇݑẰủẆᛐᜤẰủẆẸỉཎࣉửᛟଢ form with recognizable features that can be ob- ẰủẆЎẰủạỦợạễẆᙸềỪẦỦཎࣉửờẾẺɟếỉ࢟७ử served, identified, described and categorized.ᴾ ਤẾềẟỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆᚇ ability to observe, identify, describe ݑẲẆᛐᜤẲẆᛟଢẲίཎࣉửᡓỔὸẆЎẴỦᏡщỊẆẴỔềỉ and categorize is fundamental to human learning ᅹỉϋỆẝỦểӷỆᅹử್ૺẴỦẆʴ᧓ỉܖỎỉؕᄽỂẝỦ within and across all disciplines.ᴾ ểẟạẮểẦỤỂẝỦẇᴾᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Properties, structure, similarities, differences, ࣭ ཎࣱẆನᡯẆ˩ࣱẆႻᢌࣱẆಮࡸᴾ pattern ᴾ ᵤᶓᶌᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ೞᏡί˺ဇὸᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ How does it work?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊỄỉợạỆೞᏡί˺ဇὸẴỦẦᴾ ᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that everything has a ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ɟЏỉờỉỊẆႸႎẆࢫлẆẝỦẟỊẆѣẨ૾ửਤẾề purpose, a role or a way of behaving that can be ấụẆẸẲềẸủỤỊᛦỔỦẮểầỂẨỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾ investigated.ᴾ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because the ೞᏡởẆࢫлởẆ˺ဇởẆờỉỉೞᏡỉˁ૾ửЎௌẴỦᏡщỊẆ ability to analyse function, role, behaviour and the ẴỔềỉᅹỉϋỆẝỦểӷỆᅹử್ૺẴỦẆʴ᧓ỉܖỎỉ ways in which things work is fundamental to ؕᄽỂẝỦểẟạẮểẦỤỂẝỦẇᴾᴾ learning within and across all disciplines.ᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ˺ဇίѣ˺ὉӒࣖὸẆॖ࣬ျᡫẆಮࡸẆࢫлẆኵጢί˳ኒὸᴾ Behaviour, communication, pattern, role, systems.ᴾ ᴾ ᵡᵿᶓᶑᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ׆ௐ᧙̞ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ Why is it like it is?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ễặẆẮủỊẮỉợạễờỉễỉẦᵝᴾᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌ ᴾ ᴾ The understanding that things do not ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ʙཋỊẆʻộẰỆឪẮẾềẟỦỉỂỊễẪίႺႎỆ܍ just happen, that there are causal relationships at נẲềẟỦỉỂỊễẪὸẆẟềẟỦ׆ௐ᧙̞ầẝỦẆ˺ဇỊኽௐ work, and that actions have consequences.ᴾ ίࢨ᪪ὸửဃớểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆ importance of prompting students to ask “Why?” δᇜὉဃࢻỆẐễặẑểբỪẶỦợạᛔݰẴỦẮểỉᙲࣱẆδᇜὉ and of helping them to recognize that actions and ဃࢻầẆ˺ဇểЈஹʙỆỊҾ׆ểኽௐầẝỦểẟạẮểửᛐᜤẴỦ events have reasons and consequences. The analy- Ắểử̟ẴẮểỉᙲࣱẦỤỂẝỦẇ׆ௐ᧙̞ỉЎௌỊẆẴỔềỉ sis of causal relationships is significant within and ᅹỉϋỆ૿ẟềờᅹửộẺ್ỆếễẫɥỂờᙲỂẝỦẦỤ across all disciplines.ᴾ ỂẝỦẇᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Consequences, sequences, pattern, impact.ᴾ ኽௐẆᡲዓࣱẆಮࡸẆࢨ᪪ᴾ ᴾ 66 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᵡᶆᵿᶌᶅᶃ ҄٭ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌ How is it changing? ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊẆỄạ҄٭ẴỦỉẦᵝᴾᴾ Definition The understanding that change is the ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ҄٭ểỊẆẝỦཞ७ẦỤ˂ỉཞ७ồỉѣẨỉᢅᆉỂẝ process of movement from one state ỦểẟạʕᚐẇẮủỊ୍ᢄႎỂẝỦểӷỆ࣏ႎỂờẝỦẇᴾᴾ to another. It is universal and inevitable. ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆẸủί٭ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃ This concept was selected, not only be- ҄ὸầɟЏỉנ܍ᎍίנ܍ẴỦཋὸỉ୍ᢄႎễཎࣉỉợạễờỉẻẬ cause it is such a universal feature of all existence, ỂễẪẆẸủầδᇜὉဃࢻẺẼỆᨥႎễ࣎ನảửႆᢋẰẶỦẮểể but also because it has particular relevance to stu- ᧙̞ầẝỦẦỤỂẝỦẇẸẲềẆẮỉᨥႎễ࣎ನảỊẆ؏עႎẆע dents developing international-mindedness who are ྶἾἫἽႎẆɲ૾Ểỉ҄٭ỉἬὊἋầᡮộẾềẟẪểẮỨỉẐɭမẑỉ growing up in a world in which the pace of change, ɶỂᧈẲềẟỦẇᴾ both local and global, is accelerating. ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑ ᢘࣖẆᧈẆࣅẆᡲዓẆ࢟٭ᴾ Adaptation, growth, cycles, sequences, transformation. ᴾ ᵡᶍᶌᶌᶃᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᧙̞ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ How is it connected other ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊẆ˂ỉờỉểỄỉợạỆ᧙̞Ẳềẟ things? ỦẦᵝᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that we live in a ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᅶẺẼỊẆỄỮễ̾Кႎễᙲእờ˂ỉờỉỆࢨ᪪ửɨ world of interacting systems in ảỦợạễႻʝ˺ဇẴỦẺẪẰỮỉἉἋἘἲỉɶỂဃẨềẟỦểẟạ which the actions of any individual element affect others.ᴾ ʕᚐẇᴾᴾ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆᖎ importance of appreciating that nothing exists in a ỉɶỆנ܍ẴỦờỉỊễẪẆớẲỨɟЏỉờỉỊɟếỉἉἋἘἲỆ vacuum but, rather, as an element in a system; that ấẬỦᙲእểẲềנ܍ẲềẟỦẇἉἋἘἲỉɶỉẆẝỦẟỊẆἉἋἘ the relationships within and among systems are ἲ᧓ỉ᧙̞ỊẆٶẪỉئӳᙐᩃỂẝỦẇἉἋἘἲỉẆẝỦɟ᩿ỆấẬ often complex, and that changes in one aspect of a Ủ҄٭ỊẆႺႎỆỊᙸảễẪểờẆί˂ỆݣẲềὸࢨ᪪ửਤếỂẝỨ system will have consequences, even through ạẇႺႎỂẝỨạểẆ̾ʴႎἾἫἽỂẝỨạểẆẝỦẟỊẆؾểσ these nay not be immediately apparent; that we ӷ˳Ệࢨ᪪ửɨảỦᢒٻễൿܭỉἾἫἽỂẝỨạểẆᅶẺẼỊẆᐯЎ must consider the impact of our actions on others, ỉᘍໝỉ˂ᎍồỉࢨ᪪ử༌ॾẲễẬủịễỤễẟẇᴾᴾ whether at the immediate, personal level or at the ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ level of far-reaching decisions affecting environ- ኵጢẆ᧙̞Ẇዡཞኵጢ˳ẆँࣱࠝẆႻʝࣱ̔܍ᴾ ment and communities. ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Systems, relationship, networks, homeostasis, interdependence ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 67 ᵮᶃᶐᶑᶎᶃᶁᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾ ᚇໜᴾ ᵩᶃᶗᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾWhat are the points of view? ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᚇໜểỊễỆẦᵝᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌThe understanding that knowledge is ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ჷᜤỊẆᚇໜỆợẾềᙹܭẰủỦểẟạʕᚐẇီễỦ moderated by perspectives; different㻌 perspectives ᚇໜỊẆီễỦᚐẆီễỦྸᚐẆီễỦႆᙸỆếễầỦẇᚇໜ lead to different interpretations, understandings ỊẆ̾ʴႎẆᨼׇႎẆ૨҄ႎẆẝỦẟỊẆᅹႎỂẝỦẇᴾ and findings;㻌 perspectives may be individual, ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇδᇜὉဃࢻỉẆҥኝ group, cultural or disciplinary. ҄ỉዌỆӼẦạൢឋỉḘẮủỊίờỉỉὸᚐỆؕỀẟềẟỦ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾThis concept was selected because of the ὊẆ˂ỉᚇໜửẲ൭ỜẆขẪᎋảỦẮểỆӼẦạൢឋỉẆẸẲềẆ compelling need to develop in㻌 students the ദ࢘ểᛐỜỤủỦᚐỉႆޒỆӼẦạൢឋỉႆỉởớỆởộủ disposition towards rejecting simplistic, biased ệ࣏ᙲࣱỂẝỦẇᴾ interpretations,㻌 towards seeking and considering ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ the points of view of others, and towards㻌 ɼᚇࣱẆჇܱẆ̮ࣞẆॖᙸẆέλᚇί͞ᙸὸᴾᴾ developing defensible interpretations.ᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾ ᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Subjectivity, truth, beliefs, opinion, prejudice ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᵰᶃᶑᶎᶍᶌᶑᶇᶀᶇᶊᶇᶒᶗᴾ ᝧ˓ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ What is our responsibility?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẉỉᝧ˓ỊỄỉợạễờỉẦᵝᴾᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌ ᴾ ᴾ The understanding that people make ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ʴẉỊẆᐯỤỉྸᚐỆؕỀẨᢠ৸ửᘍạểẟạẮểỉ choices based on their understandings, and the ྸᚐểẆʴẉầኽௐểẲềᢠốᘍໝỊẆί̾ʴ᧓ỆὸႻᢌửဃỚЈ actions they take as a result do make a difference.ᴾ Ẵểẟạểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆδᇜὉ need to develop in students the disposition towards ဃࢻỉɶỆẆᐯЎầࡽẨӖẬỦᝧ˓ểӼẦẟẝạൢឋểẆᅈ˟ႎ identifying and assuming responsibility, and to- ễᝧ˓ỉẝỦᘍѣửểỦ૾ӼỆӼẦạൢឋểửႆޒẰẶỦ࣏ᙲࣱ wards taking socially responsible action. This con- ẦỤỂẝỦẇẮỉಒࣞỊẆẐᘍໝẑểႺếễầẾềẟỦẇẐᘍໝẑ cept is directly linked to the action component, one ỊẆನᙲእḘᵮᵷᵮ ỉỽἼỿἷἻἲỉஜឋႎễᙲእỉọểếὊỂ of the essential elements in the ẝỦẇᴾ PYP curriculum.ᴾ ᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Rights, citizenship, values, justice, initiative.ᴾ ദ፯ẆࠊൟೌẆ̖͌ẆദወࣱίπദὸẆɼೌݰᴾ 68 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᵰᶃᶄᶊᶃᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ӒႾί࣬ᎋỆݣẴỦὸḘᐯࠁॖᜤᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ How do we know?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᅶẺẼỊỄỉợạỆẲềჷỦỉẦᵝᴾᴾ ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that there are differ- ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ჷỦẺỜỉီễẾẺ૾ඥầẝỦểẟạẮểỉྸᚐẇẝ ent ways of knowing, and that it is important to ỦẟỊẆỪủỪủỉኽᛯửӒႾẴỦẮểởẆỪủỪủỉ࣬ᎋỉ૾ reflect on our conclusions, to consider our methods ඥởẆỪủỪủỉợẪᎋảẺఌਗ˄Ậỉឋểദࣱ࢘ểửẆ༌ᎋẴỦ of reasoning, and the quality and the reliability of ẮểầᙲỂẝỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ the evidence we have considered. ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ႻʝỆ᧙̞ẲẺẆᡲዓẴỦ࣬ᎋỆểẾề࣏ᙲẻẦỤẆ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected for a series of ẮỉಒࣞầᢠịủẺẇẮỉಒࣞỊẆδᇜὉဃࢻửẲềẆࢬỤỉίဇ interrelated reasons. It challenges the students to ẲẺὸఌਗởίࢬỤỉ࣬ᎋỉὸ૾ඥởẆίࢬỤỉɦẲẺὸኽᛯửች௹Ẵ examine their evidence, methods and conclusions. ỦẮểỆਪộẶỦẇẸạẴỦẮểỂẆδᇜὉဃࢻỉ࣬ᎋửẆἳἑᛐᜤ In doing so, it extends their thinking into the higher ᛯỉợụ᭗ẟኵỚỆộỂ˦ịẲẆီễẾẺᅹỆ૿ẟềẆẐჷỦẑ order of metacognition, begins to acquaint them ểẟạẮểầỄạẟạẮểửॖԛẴỦẦẆδᇜὉဃࢻỆảڼỜẆẰỤ with what it means to know in different disciplines, Ệఌਗửች௹ẴỦểẨỆẆנႎễέλᚇί͞ᙸὸẆẝỦẟỊẆ˂ỉ and encourages them to be rigorous in examining ɧദᄩẰỆẆδᇜὉဃࢻầӈỂẝỦợạỆẲớẬỦẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ evidence for potential bias or other inaccuracy.ᴾ ᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾ ᶍᶄᴾ ᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾ ᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Review, interpretation, ϐ౨᚛ίਰụᡉụὸẆᚐẆఌਗẆᝧ˓Ẇ˺ဇίѣ˺ὉӒࣖὸᴾ evidence, responsibility, behavior.ᴾ (International Baccalaureate ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ pp.18-20 ) 69 ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡇࢀᇶ࡙ࡁࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢㅖᙧᘧᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇ࠺ぢࡿࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࡀ ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ ࡓ࠸ࢇࡣࡗࡁࡾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᑐ㇟ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ㅖᴫᛕࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ⦪࣭ᶓ࣭ᩳ ᵝ┦ࢆᤕ࠼ࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≉ࠊࠕᐇయࠖࠕᵓ ࡵࡢ㐃㛵ࢆࠊᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ 㐀㺁(᭷ᶵⓗ㛵ಀ)ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕᴫᛕ⨨ࠖࡀࡓ࠸ ࡢ୰࡛᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊPYP ࢇ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡢᴫᛕ-᧯స࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᤕ࠼ࡁࡿࡇ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢㅖᙧ ᘧࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ㐃㛵ࡽࠊᅜ㝿 ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᵝ┦ࡶぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ㸶ࡘࡢࠕConceptsࠖࡣࠊ ࠕᐃゝุ 70 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᩿ࠖ 㸦 ࠕᐇయࠖࡢㄆ㆑㸧┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ స⏝㸦interaction㸧ࢆཎ⌮ࡍࡿ᥈✲ࢆᵓࡋࡓࠋ ࡣࠊ ࠕChangeࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࠊࡑࡢᙺࢆ㈇࠺ᚲ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ⮬㌟ࡶࠊ≀ࢆᐇయⓗぢࡿ せࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦ࠕᵓ㐀ࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠕ㑅 ࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ゝุ᩿ࠖ┦ᙜࡍࡿᴫᛕ⨨ࡶ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡋࡋࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࡣṧࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ ࠕほᛕࠖ ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ㏙ࡣࠊḟࡢᶵ⾜࠸ࡓ ࢆ௳ࡋ࡚๓ᥦࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᏛ⩦⪅ఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ ࠸ࠋ㸧 ࢆᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕほᛕࠖࢆࠊ ࠕChangeࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ┦ᙜ ே㛫⮬ࡽ࡞ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊࡘ࡞ࡋ࠺ࡿάືࡢᡤ⏘ ࡍࡿࡇࡣㄡ࡛ࡶ⣡ᚓࡢ࠸ࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ ⪃࠼ࡿࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊ≉ࠊ⌧ ࡋࠊ ࠕChangeࠖࡀᐃゝุ᩿ࡅࡿࠕᐇయࠖࢆᤕ ᐇࡢ୰ࡽࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆษࡾྲྀࡾࠊゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊ ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ㐪ឤࢆぬ࠼ࡿྥࡁࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ ே㛫ࡗ࡚ࢇ࠺ษ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⮬ࡽࡾ ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⚾ࡀࠊᩒ࠼࡚ ࡔࡍ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡗ࡚ࠊࡓ࠸ ࠕChangeࠖࢆࠕᐇయࠖࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖᣢࡗ ࢇࡁ࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠺వᆅࡀ࡞ ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸ࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊኚࡢ୰࠶ࡗ࡚ኚ ࡉࡽࠊࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡣࠊ㸶 ࢃࡽࡊࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡀࡑࢀ࡞ࡋ࡛ ࡘࡢ Concepts ࢆ௨ࡗ࡚⤊ࢃࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡣᏑᅾࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᬑ㐢ࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ Concept ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡑ ࡢ ࠕ related ࡗ࡚ࠊኚࡸከᵝᛶࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕChangeࠖ࠾࠸ conceptࠖࡢ⏝ࢆㄆࡵࡓ⮬⏤ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࠸࡚ࠕኚࢃࡽࡊࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࠖࢆᢕᥱ ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋConcepts ࢆᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ ࡍࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕᣑゎ㔘ࠖ ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢ⬟ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ ࠕChangeࠖ ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡶࠊPYP ⮬యࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ࠕ related concept ࠖ ࡋ ࡚ ࡿࡓࡵࡶࠊ ࠕrelated conceptࠖࡢ㐺ษ࡞⏝ ࠕSubstanceࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼ ࡑࡢ◊✲ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞ࡐࠊPYP ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡣࠊึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ ㉁ࠖ࡞ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ ⏝࠸ࡿᴫᛕࡢ࠸᪉ࢆࡼࡾ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓ ࠺ࠋ ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡅࡿࠕKey ࡵࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᴫᛕࢆ࠺⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ Conceptsࠖࡢㄝ᫂࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕrelated ࡚┦⿵ࢃࡏࡿࡢࠊࡉࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆ⿵ࡍ conceptsࠖ࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࡣ⤂ ࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵㐃ᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡽࡼ࠸ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶࠊࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡣࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࡴࡅ࡚ࡉࡽ᥈✲ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿỴព࡛ ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗ㝈ࡽࡎࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ ࠶ࡿࠋ ⤒㦂ࢆ၏୍ࡢᐇᅾ⪃࠼ࡿࠕ⤒㦂ㄽࠖࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࣒࣭࢘ࣜࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬࡣࠊ ࠕ⣧ ⢋ᣢ⥆ࠖࡸࠕ⣧⢋ព㆑ࠖࡢ᰿※ᛶࢆᙇࡍࡿࣥ ࣭ࣜ࣋ࣝࢡࢯࣥࡸࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㢟ࢆࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ 㢟㑏ඖࡋࠊព㆑ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓ≀㉁ࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕᙧ ⪋ୖᏛࠖࡋ࡚㏥ࡅࡓ࣮࢘ࣥᏛᅋ➼ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀㄆ ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡢඛ㥑⪅ࡣࠊ ࢲ࣮࢘ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪ࡽࠊ⎔ቃே㛫ࡢ┦ ト 㸦ト 1㸧ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞᶵᵓ㸦ᮏ㒊ࢪࣗࢿ࣮ࣈ㸧ࡀᥦ౪ ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ 㸦IB㸸International Baccalaureate㸧ࡣࠊ1968 ᖺࠊࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ‶ࡕࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺ࡢ」㞧ࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇᑐ ฎ࡛ࡁࡿ⏕ᚐࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࠊ⏕ᚐᑐࡋࠊᮍ᮶㈐௵ ࠶ࡿ⾜ືࢆࡿࡓࡵࡢែᗘࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟ࡅ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл ࡉࡏࡿࡶࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ㏻⏝ࡍࡿᏛධᏛ㈨᱁ 㸦ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ㈨᱁㸧ࢆ࠼ࠊᏛ㐍Ꮫࡢࣝ ࣮ࢺࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚タ⨨ࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊㄆᐃᰯᑐࡍࡿඹ㏻࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢసᡂ ࡸࠊୡ⏺ඹ㏻ࡢᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞヨ㦂ࠊᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟ ࣞ㈨᱁ࡢᤵ➼ࢆᐇࠋ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡗ ࡓேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᖺ㱋ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ௨ ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥦ౪ࠋᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 1 ᪥⌧ᅾࠊୡ⏺ 140 ௨ୖࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࠊ4,344 ᰯ㸦᪥ ᮏᅜෆ㸸35 ᰯ㸧࠾࠸࡚ᐇࠋ 1ࠊࣉ࣐࣮࣭࣮ࣛࣜࣖࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦PYP㸧 ࠙1,323 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸19 ᰯ)ࠚ3 ṓ㹼12 ṓࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊ⢭⚄㌟యࡢ୧᪉ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝㄒ࡛ ࡶᥦ౪ྍ⬟ࠋ1997 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ 2ࠊ࣑ࢻ࣭࣮ࣝࣖࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦MYP㸧 ࠙1,219 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸9 ᰯ)ࠚ11 ṓ㹼16 ṓࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᑡᖺࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦♫ ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᏛࡤࡏࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ゝㄒ࡛ࡶᥦ౪ྍ⬟ࠋ1994 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ 3ࠊࢹࣉ࣐࣭ࣟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦DP㸧 ࠙2,918 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸26 ᰯ)ࠚ16 ṓ㹼19 ṓࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ ࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡾࠊᡤᐃࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ 2 ᖺ㛫ᒚಟࡋࠊ᭱⤊ヨ㦂ࢆ⤒࡚ᡤᐃࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ ࡵࡿࠊᅜ㝿ⓗㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿᏛධᏛ㈨᱁ 㸦ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ㈨᱁㸧ࡀྲྀᚓྍ⬟ࠋཎ๎ ࡋ࡚ࠊⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒཪࡣࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ࡛ᐇ ࠋ 1969 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ 4ࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ㛵㐃ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦CP㸧 ࠙77 ᰯ(ᅜ ෆ㸸-ᰯ)ࠚ16㹼19 ṓࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚⏕ᾭࡢ࢟ࣕ ࣜᙧᡂᙺ❧ࡘࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࠊ ࢟ࣕࣜᩍ⫱࣭⫋ᴗᩍ⫱㛵㐃ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࠋ୍㒊⛉┠ࡣⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒཪࡣࢫ࣌ ࣥㄒ࡛ᐇࠋ2012 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ (௨ୖࠊᩥ⛉┬ ࡢㄝ᫂ࡼࡾ) 㸦ト 2㸧ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢࠊPYPࠊMYPࠊDPࠊIBCC ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ PYP ࡢ࢞ࢻ ࣛࣥࠋ 4 ࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࡢࡍ࡚ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠕᩍ⛉ᶓ᩿ ࡢ᥈✲ᆺᏛ⩦࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ PYP ࡣࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࠊඵࡘࡢࢥࣥ ࢭࣉࢶࠊ✀㢮ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢬࠊែᗘࠊ⾜ືࡢࡘࡢ ᇶᮏせ⣲ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡣࡑࡢヲ⣽ࢆㄝ᫂ ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻ࡛ࣛࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ト 3㸧ᵓᡂ⩏ࡢ᪉ἲ ୕Ꮿ࡞ࡳẶࡢᥦၐࡍࡿࠊࠕ▱㆑ᵓᡂᆺࢪࢢࢯ ࣮ἲࠖ࠸࠺ᆺࢆࡗࡓඹྠᏛ⩦ࡸࠊࡲࡎ⏕ᚐࡓ ࡕࡀ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬⩦ࡋࠊᩍᐊ࡛ࡢᤵᴗ㛫ࡣࠊ ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀண⩦࡛ᚓࡓ▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆ ゎỴࡍࡿࠕ㌿ᤵᴗࠖ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ ᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᏛຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࡀᩍ⛉ࡢᯟෆࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡸࠊ⋓ᚓࡍࡁᴫᛕⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡀ᫂♧ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࢬࡀᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡇ࡞࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 71 㸦 ト 4 㸧 PYP ࡢ Concept ࡣ ᐇ 㝿 ࡢ Ꮫ ࡧ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ key questionࠖ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕFunctionࠖ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࡣࡓࡽ ࡃࡢࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࢆࠕMaking the PYP happen࡛ࠖࡣḟ ࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ The concepts that are central to the curriculum are presented in the form of key questions. It is these questions, used flexibly by teachers and students when planning an inquiry-based unit, that shape that unit, giving it direction and purpose. It is in this sense that the key questions, and the concepts to which they relate, are said to drive the PYP curriculum. ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ୰ᚰ࠶ࡿࠕㅖᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕ࣮࣭࢟ ࢡ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢᙧ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࠕ㉁ၥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᥈✲ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ ࡓ༢ඖࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿࡁࠊᩍᖌඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡼࡗ ࡚ᰂ㌾⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ༢ඖࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡾࠊࡑࡢ༢ ඖ᪉ྥᛶ┠ⓗࢆ࠼ࡿࠕ㉁ၥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ ࢀࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࡞࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕ࣮࣭࢟ࢡ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠖࠕㅖᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ3<3 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇࢆ௵ົࡍࡿࠊ࠸ ࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ト 5㸧PYP ࡢ Concept-based-learning ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ࡿඵࡘࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢶࢆㄆ㆑ࡢ῝༶ࡋ࡚㛵㐃 ࡅࡿ◊✲ࡣࡢࡇࢁぢࡘࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࠾ ࡑࡽࡃ PYP ࡢṔྐࡀኚ▷࠸(ጞࡲࡗࡓࡢࡀ㸯㸷 㸷㸵ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿ)ࡓࡵࠊᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢࡾ㏉ࡾࡀ ࠸ࡲࡔ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺⪃࠼ ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࢆࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ⣧⢋ᝅᛶᴫᛕ ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ୰ ᮧᜨᏊẶࡢࠕᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᵓᡂ⩏ࠖ(ࠕ⌧௦♫ ᩥ◊✲ࠖ2001 No.21)࡞ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊᵓᡂ⩏ࡢᩍ⫱⌮ㄽࡣࠊࣦࢦࢶ࣮࢟ࡸࣆ ࢪ࢙ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣗࡸࣦ࣮ࣝࢼ࣮ࢆ⌮ㄽ ⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ㄆ ㆑ࡸᛮ⪃ࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛ኚ㔜せ࡛ࡣ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᴫᛕ⮬యࡢ◊✲ࡣ╔ᡭࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ ࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ⮬యࡀࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ ⣧⢋ᝅᛶᴫᛕ(࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ)ྠᵝ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀඛ㦂ⓗே㛫ഛࢃࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᖐ⤖࡞ ࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࡢ᪉㠃ࡢ◊✲ࡢ㐜ࢀࡢ୍ᅉ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⚾⮬㌟ࡣࠊࢳ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖྠᵝࠊ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘඛぢⓗ࡞㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪉㠃ࡢ ◊✲ࡣࠊṊ⏣୍༤Ặࡀ၏≀ㄽࡢほⅬࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢࡀ⯆ࢆᘬࡃ(ࠕ⌧௦၏≀ㄽࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗᯟ⤌ ࡳࠖ ၏≀ㄽ༠⦅ ࠗ၏≀ㄽ◊✲ᖺㄅ࠘ 2003 ➨ 8 ྕ㸧 㸦ト 6㸧࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡴ◊✲ࡣࡍ ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྂ࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊᯇᮧ୍ேẶ ࡢࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮ᏛࠖࡸᑎἑᜏಙẶࡢࠕᘚドἲⓗ ㄽ⌮Ꮫヨㄽࠖ➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲ ࢆṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑࢀࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡋࡓᯇᮧẶࡢ⌮ㄽࡸࠊྠᵝ ࡢほⅬࡽ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆ◊✲ࡋࠊ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ 72 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࣮ࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺㛵㐃ࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲࡢඃࢀࡓⅬࢆᯒฟࡋࡓぢ ⏣▼Ặ㕥ᮌⱱẶࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᙼࡽࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ◊ ✲⪅ࡓࡕࡢᡂᯝࢆኚព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦ト 7㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢලయⓗᬑ 㐢ࡢΰྠࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ᫂ࡶ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࠗᬑ㐢࠘ࡣ⡆༢ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᙜヱୡ⏺ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ ≀ࢆ⤫ᣓࡍࡿయ⪅ࢆពࡋࠊࡑࡢୡ⏺ࡢࡍ ࡚ࡢ≀ࡢ࡞ࡑࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᨭ㓄ࡀ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࡿ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ(ᓥᓮ㝯ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝᘚドἲ㏆ ௦ㄆ㆑ࠖᮍ᮶♫ p.248)ᓥᓮ㝯Ặࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋලయⓗᬑ 㐢ࡣ⮬ࡽ⮬ᕫࢆ≉Ṧࡋࡘࡘࡑࡇ࠾࠸࡚⮬ᕫ⮬ ㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ≉Ṧࡢ࠺ ࡽぢࡿࠊࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉Ṧྠᵝ࠶ࡿ≉Ṧ ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟⮬❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᐇࡣࡑࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡀᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋᬑ㐢ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ព࡛≉Ṧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡶᬑ㐢࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࡽ≉Ṧ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬❧ࡋࠊࡢ≉Ṧࡸᬑ㐢 ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧ⮬ᕫ ࢆᐃ❧ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋࠊ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿᬑ 㐢ࠊࡑࢀࡀලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊᓥ ᓮ㝯Ặࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡴࡋࢁࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢࠕᐇయࠖࡸᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ ᬑ㐢㏆࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᓥᓮẶࡣࠊ ࠕಶูࠖࡶࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࠖࠊ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ ≉Ṧࠖ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࢆࠕ≉ Ṧࠖࡋࠊࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀࡉࡽ⮬ᕫࢆつᐃࡋࡓ ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᙧᘧㄽ⌮ࡢ ࠗᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࠘␗࡞ࡿࠗලయⓗᬑ㐢࠘ࡣ࠸࠺ ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢ᛶࡀࡳࡎࡽ≉Ṧࡋࠊಶู ࠸ࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢಶู࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢయᛶ ࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲࡢୡ⏺ㄆ ㆑ࡢ᰾ᚰࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᴫᛕ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࠖ(ྠ p.126) ࡇࢀࡶ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡢつᐃࡽᙧᘧ ㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ࠺ࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡣࠊࡇࡲ࡛ ࡶయࡋ࡚ࡢಶูࡢዎᶵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶูࡣࡲࡓࠊ ᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(๓ᥖࡢᅗࢆཧ↷) 㸦ト 8㸧ලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡶ ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕࡣࠊࡶࡢࡢ⌧Ꮡᅾᑐࡋ࡚ᮍᒎ㛤ࡢࠊ ࡲࡔ༑ศࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠗࡑࢀ⮬ ㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊ⮬ศࡢᑐ⪅ࢆࡘࡽࡠ࠸࡚⮬ ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢᑐ⪅ࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠗ⮬ศࡢᑐ⪅࠘ ࡣࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᐃ᭷ࠊᛶ≧ࠊ≉Ṧࠊ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡞ࢆࡉ ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ୰ࡽ≉Ṧ࡞ㅖ つᐃࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢయࠊࡑࡢഃ㠃ࡸ㐣 ⛬ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣮ࠖ࣊ ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⦅ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽ ࡢ◊✲ࠖS90 ᭶᭩ᗑ 1991 ⚾ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡢࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ ࡢࡇࢁࡶࡗࡶṇ㭀ࢆᑕ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑ ࢀࡣࠊࡓࡔᩥ⊩ゎ㔘ⓗṇࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡀࠊ⤒῭Ꮫࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢ▱㆑㏻ ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ⌮ゎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛵 ಀࢆṇ☜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶࠊᙼࡢࠕලయⓗ ᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ⌮ゎࡢࠕṇ☜ࡉࠖࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ 㸦ト 9㸧㔞ᏊຊᏛࡢ◊✲ᖖࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࢃࡿၥ㢟ࡢࡦ ࡘࠊ ࠕ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂࣈࣝࠖ ࠊ ࠕస⏝⣲ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ≧ែ࣋ࢡࢺ ࣝࠖࢆᘔࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㛵ಀ 㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ ࠕᐈほࡢస⏝ࡣほࡢෆ 㒊᮲௳ࡼࡾኚᙧࡉࢀ࡚ᫎࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ほⅬ ࡽࠊ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ⏫⏣ⱱẶࡢ⪃࠼㈶ྠࡍࡿࠋ⏫⏣ Ặࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ࣭࣭࣭࣭⾲㇟ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢᢕᥱᮏ㉁ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ ᢕᥱࡣࠊ㔞Ꮚㄽࡢࡤ࠶࠸ࠊྂ≀⌮Ꮫࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ 㝿❧ࡗࡓ㐪࠸ࡋ࡚࠶ࡽࢃࢀࠊ≀㉁ࡢᇶᮏⓗつ ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿᑐ㇟ⓗᏑᅾɆɆ⮬ศࡢస⏝ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ ࡢࡶࡢࢆࡶࡕࠊࡇࡢࡢࡶࡢ୍ᐃࡢ┦㛵ಀ ࢆࡶࡕࠊ┦స⏝ࡋ࠶࠺ࡶࡢɆɆ࠸࠺つᐃࡣࠊ ⾲㇟ẁ㝵ࡢᢕᥱ࡛ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ᫂☜࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ ㉁ⓗẁ㝵ࡢᢕᥱ࡛ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ 㸦⏫⏣ⱱ ”ㄆ㆑ࡅࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢɆɆ㔞ᏊຊᏛࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ɆɆ” ၏≀ㄽ ◊✲ ➨㸰ྕ ộᩥ♫ 1980 p.189㸧 ࠕ࣮࣎ࠊࣁࢮࣥ࣋ࣝࢡࠊ࢘ࢢࢼ࣮ࠊࢹࢫࣃ ࢽࣕࡓࡕࡢㄗࡾࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀከᑡࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ᙼࡽࡀ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡼࡿᚤどⓗ㡿ᇦࡢㄆ㆑ࡢෆᐜ ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆㄆࡵࡓࡇ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ ࡽࡀほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⤯ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡢㄆ㆑ ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࡢࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ᐇᅾࡢ⛉Ꮫࡼࡿព㆑ࡢᫎ ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦ྠ p.192㸧 ࠕㄆ㆑ෆᐜ࠾ࡅࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾࡀ㑊ࡅ ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡣㄆ㆑ࡢᮏ㉁ࡀࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠗほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠘࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠗㄗࡲࡾ࠘࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊほⓗዎᶵ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ྠ p.192㸧 ࡇࢀࡣࠊㄆ㆑࠸࠺స⏝ࡣࠊほࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎほࡢෆ㒊᮲௳ࡼࡿᒅ ᢡࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᏛ ࡪࡢ࡛ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧㇟ᮏ㉁ ࡅࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡼࡿᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢኚᙧࡣࠊ Ᏹᐂࡢ᥈✲࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ♫ⓗ࡞ࡢ᥈✲࠾ ࠸࡚ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓస ⏝ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ㄆ㆑ࡔࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕㄪᏛ⩦ࠖ ࡍࡂࡎࠊ ࠕ᥈✲ࠖࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㏫ࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ ࡗࡓ᥈✲ࡣࠊ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡸ㧗ᰯ⏕࡞ࡗࡓࠊ㧗ᗘ ࡞≀⌮ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸࠊᚤศ࣭✚ศ࡞ࡢ㧗➼ᩘᏛࢆ Ꮫࡪຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸦ト 10㸧ࡇ࠺㏙ࡿࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗࡢࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ (ࢹ࣮ࣗࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ᥈✲ࡢ⌮ㄽࠖࡶゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ) ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ពぢࡶฟࡿ ࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕၥ㢟ゎỴࠖ ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊձࠕ☜ᐃ࡞≧ἣᑐࡍࡿၥ㢟タᐃࠖࠊ ղࠕ௬ㄝᙧᡂࠖࠊճࠕ᥎ㄽࠖࠊմࠕᐇ㦂ࠖ ࠊյࠕ☜ᐃ ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢゎỴࠖ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࡓࡾࠊ ࠕಖ 㞀ࡘࡁࡢゝ᫂ࠖ࠸ࡁࡘࡃࠋࡇࡢࡂࡾ࡛ࡣࠊᶵ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸ↝ܖЙૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл Ეⓗ࡞Ỵᐃㄽࡢ㝈⏺ࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࠕゎỴࠖࡣࠊࠕ⎔ቃࡢ㐺ᛂ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᛮ ⪃άືࡣࠕ㐺ᛂࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ලࠖ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡓࡵࠊㄆ㆑ࡀ⌧㇟ࡢ⫼ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᐇయࠖࡸ ࠕᮏ㉁ࠖཬࡪᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ ࢹ࣮ࣗࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࡢࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ ࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞ ࡳ࡞࠾ࡍࡓࡵࡢ❧⬮Ⅼࢆࠊࢭࣝࢤ࣭ࣞ࢜ࢽࢻࣦ ࢳ࣭ࣝࣅࣥࢩࣗࢸࣥࡢḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼⨨࠸ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⬻ࡢάືࡣᑕⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿᨾࠊ⬻ࡢάື ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣࠊྠୡ⏺ࡢ ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࠋᚰ⌮άືࡢᑕ⌮ㄽࡣࠊᚰ⌮⌧㇟࡞ ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ㉳※ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊ⬻ࡢάືࡢ ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㢟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢ ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࡍࡿࠊࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡢ㢟ࡢ㛫ࡢ⤖ ྜ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ(ࢭࣝࢤ࣭ࣞ࢜ࢽࢻࣦࢳ࣭ࣝࣅ ࣥࢩࣗࢸࣥ ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫ ୖࠖෆ⸨⪔ḟ㑻࣭ᮌᮧ ṇ୍ヂ 㟷ᮌ᭩ᗑ 1961) ⚾ࡣࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼᪉ᚑ࠺ࠊࠕ᥈ ✲ࠖࢆྵࡵࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ⮬㌟ࡀㄆࡵ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠕ⤒㦂ࠖࡢእฟࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃ ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࠊ⤒㦂⮬యࢆ၏୍ࡢᐇᅾ⪃ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ※Ἠࡋ࡚ࡢᐈほⓗᐇᅾࢆㄆ ࡵ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼࡣࠊ ࠕ᥈✲ࠖࢆࡩࡃࡵࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣ ⬻ࡢάືࡢ⏘≀㐣ࡂࡎࠊᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢᫎ࠸ ࠺ᛶ㉁ࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ༢ ⣧࡞ᫎㄽࡸỴᐃㄽࢆ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࠕἲ๎ࠖࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࠕᐇయࠖࠕᵓ㐀ࠖ➼ࡣ༢⬻ࡢ άື࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢࠕ୰ࠖ ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡀࠊ ࠕศ ᯒࠖࡸࠕ⥲ྜࠖ࡞ࡢయࡢస⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ ࠕ⌮ㄽࠖࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿࡢࡀࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ▱㆑య⣔࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡲࡓࠊ ࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆࠕၥ㢟ࠖࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡶࠊᐇ㊶ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊయ(ே㛫) ࡢ୰ᵓ㐀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑య⣔࡛࠶ࡿ⚾ࡣ⪃ ࠼ࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ International BaccalaureateࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ 2009 G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼ ᩥᗜ, 1972 G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖୗᕳ ṊᕷṊேヂ ᒾἼ ᭩ᗑ, 1969 㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࠖᩥ⌮㛶 1989 ᑎἑᜏಙࠕᘚドἲⓗㄽ⌮Ꮫヨㄽࠖ᭶᭩ᗑ 1957 㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ 1975㹼1978 ᯇᒣၟㄽ㞟ࠓึฟࠔ ࠕ㕥ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮ 㛶, 1989 ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⦅ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽ ࡢ◊✲ࠖ᭶᭩ᗑ 1991 ㏿ᕝ㑻ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ 㟷ᒣ♫ 1996 ࢭࣝࢤ࣭ࣝࣅࣥࢩࣗࢸࣥ ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫ ୖࠖ ෆ⸨ ⪔ḟ㑻࣭ᮌᮧṇ୍ヂ 㟷ᮌ᭩ᗑ 1972 㧗ᆏṇ㢧 ࠕすὒဴᏛྐࠖᩥ♫ 1985 73 74 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ⃯The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” of Hegel ʊAs preparations to systematize “concepts” used in the PYP of International Baccalaureate, I will understand “the judgement theory” by focusing on the role of "Particular”. Katsurou Kitamura≍1 ⁅⁛‒ International Baccalaureate “Primary years programme” is "Concept-Based" curriculum. Since its paraphernalia is solid, "Concept - based" curriculum of International Baccalaureate is very much better than the method of learning other constructivism. Among them, “Concepts based learning” is especially important. However, in "The eight concepts" to be used for it, the relationship between them is not defined. So, I want to put the role, limits and relationship of the concepts of “Primary years programme” in the process of deepening of recognition. Therefore, in order to clarify the relationship between various concepts, in particular, the position, the role and limitations of each concept, I reread “the judgement theory" in “The logic” of Hegel to epistemological. And, as the preparatory work, I want to try the epistemological overview of “The judgement theory” of Hegel. To do so, I must understand “The judgement theory” by focusing on the role of “particular”. ääääääääääääääääääääKey words‒…………………………………………………… International Baccalaureate, Concept-based-learning, The process of deepening of recognition, Concrete universal, Particular Ფ1 Kaichi-Nozomi elementary school KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 75 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ᄂᆮ⇴∞⇮ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ᢿ‒ ɟ≍‣‒ Иሁ∝ɶሁՃ↝̅ԡ↞⅚←↱↘܇ⅻ⅚ဃ෨↚↾→↕ᐯЎ↝Ꮱщ↗ӧᏡࣱ⇁இٻᨂ↚᭗↰⅚ ↄ↭ↅ↭↙ʴ←↗ңᛦ∝ңↆ↙ⅻ↸⅚ᐯࠁܱྵ↗ᅈ˟ᝡྂ⇁↺ↂ↗ⅻ↖ⅼ↺↷ⅵ↚⅚↱↘܇ ←ⅻ⅚ᐯ↸ᛢ᫆⇁ႆᙸↆ⅚↻⇁ᚐൿ↖ⅼ↺↷ⅵݰⅾↂ↗↖ⅱ↼ⅵ⅛ↂ↝↷ⅵ↚⅚⇁↱↘܇ႆᢋ െ᨞↚ұↆ૾ඥ↖ਦ↖ݰⅼ↺⅚ܱោႎਦݰщ⇁ஊↈ↺Ճↂʻ൭↰↸↻↕ⅳ↺ʴ↖ⅱ↺⅛‒ ‒ ↆⅺↆ⅚ܱោႎਦݰщ↞⅚Ճ࣓ஓ↝ܖဃⅻ⅚ݩஹᏋྵ⇁⇈∐∉⇓↖ئ↜↺↚ˤ→↕ᐯ↗ ៲↚↓ↀ↸↻↺↪↘ܾତ↙↱↝↖↞↙ⅳ⅛↝ؕᄽ↞↖᧓࠰≗↝ܖٻᏋↄ↻↺↨ⅼ↖ⅱ↼ⅵ⅛ஜ ⅚↞↖ܖᎰ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ↗ᅹ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ↝ᣐ࢘࠰ഏ⇁⅚≗࠰᧓⇁≘↓↝↚Ўↀ↕ನↈ↺ ↂ↗↖⅚ ⅤܱោႎਦݰщⅥⅻ៲↚↓ⅾ↷ⅵ↚↕ↆپⅳ↺⅛ↂ↖ஜᆜ↖↞⅚≘↚ЎↀᏋᛢᆉ ዻ↝↜↸ⅳ↗ϋܾ⇁౨᚛ↈ↺ↂ↗↚↷↹⅚ཎ↚ᇿᎍⅻਃ࢘ↈ↺ⅤᛖᅹᏋඥⅥ↚ⅹⅳ↕⅚ܱោ ႎਦݰщ⇁៲↚↓ↀ↺↰↚ݰλↆ↕ⅳ↺લಅ↝ᙲࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋ↕ↆݑⅳⅾ⅛‒ ↄ↸↚⅚ↂ↝ࡇИሁ∝ɶሁᏋ↚ⅹⅳ↕↱ݰλⅻ੩కↄ↻⅚↱↘܇ⅻᛢ᫆↚↕ↆݣɼ˳ႎ↚ܖ ↥Ⅴ⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖Ⅵ↝ӕኵ↮↚↓ⅳ↕↱ᚕӏↈ↺⅛‒ äääääääääääääääääääää ⇓∞∕∞⇯ ääääääääääääääääääää ܱោႎਦݰщ‒ Ꮀ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ‒ ‒ ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ લಅ‒ ⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖‒ 㸯㸬ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗᩍဨࡢ 2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ 12 ᭶ 22 ᪥බᕸ࣭⾜ ࡉࢀࡓࠊᨵṇᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ➨ 1 ❶ࠕᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗཬࡧ ⌮ᛕࠖ 㸦ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ㸧➨ 1 ᮲ࠕᩍ⫱ࡣࠊே᱁ࡢ ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊᖹ࡛Ẹⓗ࡞ᅜᐙཬࡧ♫ࡢᙧ ᡂ⪅ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓᚰ㌟ࡶᗣ ࡞ᅜẸࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᮇࡋ࡚⾜࡞ࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࠋࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࢆᩍ⫱ࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠ ⓗᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᆏ ⏣௮Ặࡣࠕ୍ேࡦࡾࡢே㛫ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ 2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology *1 Kazue Hattori ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᢿ ᭱㝈ࠊㄪⓗⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋᩍ ⫱୍⯡ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ⌮ᛕࡋ࡚ཷᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)ࠋẶࡢ௮ࡏࡢ㏻ ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ (2) ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ2009㸦ᖹᡂ 21㸧ᖺࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡀබ♧ࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛᰯ ࡛ࡣ 2011㸦ᖹᡂ 23㸧ᖺᗘࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 2012 㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺᗘࡽࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 2013㸦ᖹᡂ 25㸧ᖺᗘࡽ㠃ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࠊ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡶᩍ⫱⌮ᛕࡋ࡚㹙⏕ࡁ ࡿຊ㹛ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ 7 ᭶ 19 ᪥ ࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟㸦୰ᩍᑂ㸧⟅⏦ࠕ21 ୡ⣖ࢆᒎ 76 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᮃࡋࡓࢃࡀᅜࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ➨ 1 㒊 ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆಶᛶࢆ⏕ࡍᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ ࠕᚋ࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࠖ(3㸧ࠕᚋ࠾ࡅ ࡣࡄࡃࡴࡇࡀ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ ࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞᪉ྥ࡛ࠖึࡵ࡚ᥦゝࡉ ゝࡣࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡛㏙ࡽࢀ ࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᚋࡣࠊࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶ࡞௦ ࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ 1 ␒┠ࡢせ⣲ࠕ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢ ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆษࡍ ࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ ࡿࡶࠊ♫ࡢኚⓗ☜ࡘ㎿㏿ᑐᛂࡍ ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࠖࠊ᪂ࡓࠕ▱ ࡿᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖࡇࠊࡉࡽࠕᏊࡶ ㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࠊᏛࡪពḧࠖࢆࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᑗ᮶ࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ࡇࢀࢆࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖࡧ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ୍␒ ኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ ࡢ᰾ᤣ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜 ࡋࡋࠊ2008㸦ᖹᡂ 20㸧ᖺ 1 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡢୖ㏙ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ⟅⏦㸦ࠕᗂ⛶ᅬࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯཬࡧ ࠶ࡿࠋ ≉ูᨭᏛᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿➼ࡢᨵၿࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ ⟅⏦ࡢᩥゝࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ 5㸬 ࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ᨵゞࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࠖ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ ࢆᢸ࠺Ꮚࡶࡓࡕᚲせ࡞㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢ ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᏊࡶࡣࠊᏛຊࡢၥ㢟ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ 㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ㏙ࡽ ࠕ㇏࡞ᚰࠖࠕࡸ࡞యࠖࡢ⫱ᡂࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀᐇ࡛࠶ࡿᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚ ձࠕၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࠖ 㸸 ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽ ࠸ࡿࠋ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺᩍ⫱⌮ᛕࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽ Ꮫࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼ ࢀࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀࣂࣛࣥ ࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ࢫࡼࡃ⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ♫ࡢኚ ղࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖ㸸⮬ࡽࢆᚊࡋࡘࡘࠊே ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ㔜せどࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀࠕ㇏࡞ே ࡶ༠ㄪࡋࠊேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࡸឤືࡍࡿᚰ 㛫ᛶࠖࡽࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖኚᐜࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୰ ճࠕࡸ࡞యࠖ㸸ࡓࡃࡲࡋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵࡢᗣ ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡀ㏙࡚࠸ࡓࣂࣛࣥࢫ࠸࠺㒊ศࡀ⨨ ࡸయຊ ࡁཤࡾࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2008㸦ᖹᡂ 20㸧 ࡇࡢ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ௦♫ࡢኚ ᖺࡁ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠊ ࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖ ࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖ ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧ࡛ኚᐜࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ1998㸦ᖹᡂ ࠕࡸ࡞యࠖࡢ 3 ࡘࡀࠊ ࠕ୕୍యⓗ⫱ࡕࢆᅗ 10㸧ᖺ 6 ᭶ 30 ᪥ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦㸦 ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࢆ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ(3)ࠖࡇࡀษࡔ࠸࠺᪉㔪ࡀ᫂☜♧ ᣅࡃᚰࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵࠖ̿ḟୡ௦ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿᚰࢆኻ ࡉࢀࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ⌮ᛕࡀࠊᩍ⫱࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࡀ ࠺༴ᶵ̿ࠕᗂඣᮇࡽࡢᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸ ┠ᣦࡍࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ෆᐜᐃ⩏࡙ ࡚ࠖ㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖࢆ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࠊࠕࡺ ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ᚋࠊ⌮ᛕࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅ࡚ྛ ࡾࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠕᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࠖࢆࡍࡿࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ ᩍ⛉࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ ㄝࢀࡓࠋࡲࡶ࡞ࡃᏛຊࡸᏛࡪពḧࡢపୗ࡞ࡀ ࠺(4)ࠋ ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠊ2003㸦ᖹᡂ 15㸧ᖺ ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢇ࡞♫ࡀኚࡋࡼ࠺ ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᣦࡍࡁⅬࡣࠊࠕ☜ ࡶࠊࠕ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ ࡞Ꮫຊࠖࢆᇶ┙㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠊṇ⩏ឤࡸබṇࡉ ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᏛຊࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ๓㠃ᡴࡕฟࡍ᪉㔪ࡀ ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿᚰࠊ⮬ࡽࢆᚊࡋࡘࡘே༠ㄪࡋࠊ ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⟅⏦ࡣࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖࡣࠕ▱㆑ࡸᢏ ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࠊேᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚰࠊ⮬↛ࢆឡࡍ ⬟ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇࠊࡇࢀຍ࠼࡚ࠊᏛࡪពḧࡸࠊ ࡿᚰ࡞࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆࡋࡗࡾ㌟ࡘࡅ ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊ➼ࡲ࡛ࢆྵ ㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ 77 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟 ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓ 1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ᇶ ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ ࡙ࡁࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴࡇࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㹙⏕ࡁ ࡁࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࢆᛴࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ほ ࡿຊ㹛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆୖグࡢࡼ࠺ᐃࡵࠊ௨ୗࡇࡢ⪃࠼ Ⅼࡼࡾࠊḟࡢ 3 㡯┠ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦㸯㸧࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦ࠕ⣲ ᩍ⫱࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࡢ┠ᣦࡍࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࡣࠊ 㹙⏕ ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ⫱ᡂ࡞ࡋㄒࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ2005 㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺ 10 ᭶ 26 ᪥୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦㸦ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸ 㣴ࠖࡣ༊ูࡉࢀࠊᚋኳⓗᙧᡂྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࠸ ࠺⪃࠼❧ࡗ࡚㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸧 ձᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢឤ ௦ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ㐀ࡍࡿࠖ➨ 2 ❶ ᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿ ղே㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎ ᦂࡿࡂ࡞࠸ಙ㢗ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ ̿ᩍᖌࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ ճᗂඣ࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗឡ ̿ 㸦1㸧࠶ࡿࡁᩍᖌീࡢ᫂♧㸧ࠕே㛫ࡣᩍ մᩍ⛉➼㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ ⫱ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᡂ յᗈࡃ㇏࡞ᩍ㣴 ྰࡣᩍᖌࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡇࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ➼ ࠸ࠖ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ1987㸦 62㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࢆࡶ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕᑐࡋ࡚㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡉࡢࡰࢀࡤࠊ ᩍဨࡢᙺࡣࡇࡢୖ࡞ࡃࡁ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖほࡣࠊ1986㸦 61㸧ᖺ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊᩍဨࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡵ࡚ ࡢ⮫ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟➨ḟ⟅⏦ࢆୗᩜࡁࡋࡓࡶ ࡳࡿࠊᩍဨࡢࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࠊ⏕ᾭࢃ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇࡣࠕே㛫ឡࡸඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐ ࡓࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᭱㝈㧗ࡵࠊࡉࡲ ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗឡࢆᇶ┙ࡍࡿᗈࡃ㇏࡞ᩍ㣴ࠊᩍ ࡊࡲ࡞ேࡓࡕ༠ㄪ࣭༠ാࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ ⫱ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸே㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎࠊ ♫㈉⊩ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ ᩍ⛉➼㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᑟ ❧ࡘᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟຊࠖ࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠕࡇ ࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡀ㌟ ࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡸࠕࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ ࡃࡼ࠺ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡃຊࡇࡑࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ ❧ࡘᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ࠸࠺グ㏙ࡽࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ᣦᑟຊࡢᇶࢆ࡞ࡍせ⣲ࡀձ㹼յ࡛࠶ࡿゎ㔘࡛ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ ࡁࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢពࡍࡿࡇࢁࢆࠊᑂ㆟ࡢᩍဨࡢ ⬟ຊࠖࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡿձ㹼յࡢ㸳ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡢ ㈨㉁㛵ࡍࡿᥦゝࢆ㏣࠺ࡇࡼࡾ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ពぢࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿ(5)ࠋ 㸰㸬ᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ ࡢព 㸰㸬㸯 1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺࡢᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ㆟ ⟅⏦ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ ᑂ㆟࠾࠸࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1997 㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ㆟㸦ᩍ㣴ᑂ㸧⟅⏦ ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞௦ྥࡅࡓᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ࡘ ࠸࡚ 㸯㸬ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖ࠾࠸࡚ ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᥦゝࡢほⅬࡣኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ ௦࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴ ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊ ୖグձ㹼յࡣࠊ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆࡋࡗࡾ ㌟ࡘࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐ ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛ ࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆ ゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠊᥦゝ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊձ㹼յࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ 78 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ せ⣲ࡢࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ☜ಖࡍࡿࡶࡉࡽ✚ᴟⓗྛேࡢᚓពศ ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㈶ྠ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ 㔝࡙ࡃࡾࡸಶᛶࡢఙ㛗ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦㸰㸧ᚋ≉ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦୍⯡ⓗ㈨ ᚓពศ㔝࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢᢸᙜࡍࡿᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ ㉁⬟ຊ㸧ࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡘࡘࠊ᪥ࡢ♫ࡢ≧ἣࡸᏛ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣㄡࡶ㈇ࡅ࡞࠸▱㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡛࠶ ᰯ࣭ᩍဨࢆᕠࡿㅖၥ㢟ࢆᛕ㢌࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚋ≉ ࢁ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢලయࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ ⥘࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࠸࠺ ࠺ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚓពศ㔝ࢆṊჾࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢᣦᑟ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ ձᆅ⌫ⓗど㔝❧ࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡚ᙜࡓࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡢࡎᩍဨ⏕άࡢ㐨ࡶ ࣭ᆅ⌫ࠊᅜᐙࠊே㛫➼㛵ࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞⌮ゎ 㛤ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᩍᖌࡢᑓ ࣭㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶ 㛛ᛶࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ㧗࠸ࠊᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚Ꮚࡶࡓ ࣭ᅜ㝿♫࡛ᚲせࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡕࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍຊࡶᙉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ ղኚࡢ௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ♫ேồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ ࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍຊࡀᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛࠶ࢁ ⬟ຊ ࠺ࠋᩍ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢࡁ ࣭ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ➼㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ ࡉẚࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕᣦᑟຊ࠸࠺ ࣭ே㛫㛵ಀ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ ࡶࡢࡣࠊࡦࡘࡢᚓពศ㔝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࣭♫ࡢኚ㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ཬࡧᢏ⬟ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᣦᑟ㌿⛣ࡋࡓࡾἼཬࡋ࡚࠸ ճᩍဨࡢ⫋ົࡽᚲ↛ⓗồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡃ(6)ࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ ࣭ᗂඣ࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡸᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ 㐺ษ࡞⌮ゎ ࣭ᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿឡࠊࡾࠊ୍యឤ ࣭ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ࠊᢏ⬟ཬࡧ ែᗘ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᩍဨࡣࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸௦࠶ࡗ ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴᩍ⫱ࢆᤵࡅ ࢆࡣࡌࡵᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗࢆࡋࡗࡾᏛࡪࡇ࡛ࠊ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣ㣴ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࠊ1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ㣴ᑂ⟅⏦࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᗈࡃ㇏࡞ᩍ㣴ࠊᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑➼ࢆᇶ┙ ࡋࡓᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊኚࡢ ௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ♫ேồࡵࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬࡽࡢᥦゝ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ 㸰㸬㸰2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟⟅⏦ ⟅⏦ࡢᥖࡆࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ 3 せ⣲ࡢ୍␒┠ࠕၥ ๓㏙ࡢ 1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ㣴ᑂࢆ྾⤫ྜࡋ 㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࠖࢆព㆑ࡋࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿղࡀ୍␒ᙉㄪ ࡓᙧ࡛ࠊ2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡋ ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠸௦ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ㐀ࡍࡿࠖ➨ 2 㒊➨ 2 ❶ࠕᩍ 㸦㸱㸧ᚓពศ㔝ࢆᣢࡘಶᛶ㇏࡞ᩍဨ ᖌᑐࡍࡿᦂࡿࡂ࡞࠸ಙ㢗ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ̿ᩍᖌࡢ Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࠊከᵝ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘಶᛶ㇏࡞ே ㉁ࡢྥୖ̿ࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊே㛫ࡣᩍ⫱ࡼࡗ࡚స ᮦࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᩍဨ㞟ᅋࡀ㐃ᦠ࣭༠ാࡍࡿ ࡽࢀࡿࠊࡑࡢᡂྰࡣᩍᖌࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ ࡇࡼࡾࠊᏛᰯ࠸࠺⤌⧊యࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓ ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺⪃࠼ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊඃࢀࡓᩍ ᩍ⫱άືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡁࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ほⅬ ဨࡢ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡽࠊᚋ࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⏬୍ⓗ࡞ᩍဨീࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡣ㑊ࡅࠊ⏕ᾭࢃ ձᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸⇕ ࡓࡾ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿ࠸࠺๓ᥦ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆ ᩍᖌࡢᑐࡍࡿឤࡸࡾࠊᏊࡶ ᑐࡍࡿឡࡸ㈐௵ឤ࡞ࠊኚࡢⴭࡋ࠸♫ࡸ 79 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ᏛᰯࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㐺ษᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᖖ ဨ࡞ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ⮬ᕫࡗ࡚ఱࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿྥୖᚰࢆᣢࡘࡇࡶษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆ⮬ぬࡋࠊᚲせᛂࡌ࡚㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ ղᩍဨࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ☜࡞ຊ㔞 ➼ࢆ⿵࠸ࠊࡑࡢᐃ╔ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᩍ⫋⏕ά ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺☜࡞ຊ㔞ࡣࠊᏊࡶ⌮ゎຊࠊඣ ࢆࡼࡾࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ❺࣭⏕ᚐᣦᑟຊࠊ㞟ᅋᣦᑟࡢຊࠊᏛ⣭࡙ࡃࡾࡢ ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢࡶ᪂タࡀᥦゝࡉ ຊࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢ ࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡇࡢ᪂タ⛉┠ࡣࠊ2010㸦ᖹᡂ 22㸧 ຊࡢ 7 ࡘࡢຊࢆゝ࠺ࠋ ᖺධᏛ⪅ࡢ 4 ᖺ⏕ᚋᮇࡼࡾᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠋ ճ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ຊ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢே᱁ᙧᡂ㛵ࢃࡿ⪅ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇏ ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢᒚಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚ᚲせ ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ☜ᐇ࡞☜ㄆࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ ࡞ே㛫ᛶࡸ♫ᛶࠊᖖ㆑ᩍ㣴ࠊ♩సἲࢆ ࡓࡵࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ 4 ࡘࡢ㡯 ࡣࡌࡵே㛫㛵ಀ⬟ຊࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ ձឤࡸ㈐௵ឤࠊᩍ⫱ⓗឡ➼㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ࡞ࡢே᱁ⓗ㈨㉁ࠊࡢᩍᖌࡸົ⫋ဨࠊᰤ㣴 ղ♫ᛶࡸᑐே㛵ಀ⬟ຊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ⫋ဨ࡞ᩍ⫋ဨయྠࡋ࡚༠ຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ճᗂඣඣ❺⏕ᚐ⌮ゎࡸᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ➼㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ մᩍ⛉࣭ಖ⫱ෆᐜ➼ࡢᣦᑟຊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ௨ୖࠊ2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡛ࡣࠊᩍ ࢆྵࡵࡿࡇࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグձ ⫋ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸⇕ࢆᇶ┙ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ 㹼ճࡣࠊ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿ㈨㉁ ࡙ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢຊ➼ᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ☜ ⬟ຊࠊմࡣࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ ࡞ຊ㔞ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ㏙ࠊᤵᴗ࡛㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇմࡢ㈨㉁ࡣࠊ ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ձ㹼ճࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓࡑࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋմ࠶ࡿᩍ⛉ࡢ ᣦᑟຊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯࡛☜ㄆࡍࡁࡇࡣࠊᩍ⛉ 㸰㸬㸱2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟⟅⏦ 㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑ࢆᇶ┙ࠊᤵᴗ࡛㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⟅⏦ࢆᇶࡋ࡚ࠊ2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡀࡇࡲ࡛⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡓ ࡢࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᚋࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭චチไᗘࡢᅾ ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ2㸬ᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭චチไᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡢ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢ㡯┠ࢆᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢ⛉┠ࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡼ ලయⓗ᪉⟇ 1㸬ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ㉁ⓗỈ‽ࡢྥୖ㸦2㸧 ࠺ᵓᡂࡋࠊᐇࡍࡿࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣྛᏛࡢ ࠕᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦௬⛠㸧ࡢ᪂タ࣭ᚲಟ̿ᩍဨ ุ᩿ࡺࡔࡡࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ⟅⏦ࡣලయⓗ࡞ᤵᴗෆᐜ ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ᙧᡂ☜ㄆ̿ࠖ ࡸ฿㐩┠ᶆ➼ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣࠊࠕᙺ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᩍဨࡋ࡚᭱ᑠ㝈ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ ₇ᢏ㸦࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࣮ࣞࣥࢢ㸧ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉウㄽࠊ యࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ☜ᐇ㌟ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡶࠊࡑ ᐇᢏᣦᑟࠊᐇົᐇ⩦ࠊ◊✲ࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ㸦ࣇ ࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢయࢆ᫂♧ⓗ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠖࠊᩍ ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇࡀ㐺 ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ୰ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᚲಟ⛉┠ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦௬ ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶍᨃᤵ ⛠㸧ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᥦゝࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᴗᑟධࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏕㔝㔠୕Ặࡣࠕࡇࢀࡣᩍᮦ◊✲ࠊ ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡣࠊࠕᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢࡢ⛉┠ࡢᒚಟ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟ࣭ᯈ᭩ィ⏬࣭Ⓨၥィ⏬࣭సᴗࡢࣉࣜࣥ ࡸᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬እ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞άືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㌟ ࢺ࣭ᩍᮦ➼ࡢసᡂ➼ࡢᤵᴗタィࡼࡾᤵᴗᐇ࠸ ࡅࡓ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡀࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚᭱ᑠ㝈ᚲせ࡞㈨ ࡓࡿ୍㐃ࡢࡇࢆཷㅮ⪅࡛࠶ࡿᏛ⏕య㦂ࡏࡋ ㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ྜࡉࢀࠊᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ ࡵࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄢ⛬ㄆᐃᏛࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ㣴ᡂࡍࡿᩍဨീࡸ ᇶ♏ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(7)ࠋࠖ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ฿㐩┠ᶆ➼↷ࡽࡋ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࡿࠋ⏕㔝Ặࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ ࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡢᒚಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᩍ ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᑟධࡀྍḞ 80 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢᒚಟᮇࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕ᚋᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ྥୖ᪉⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ 2㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ ᮏᏛࡢሙྜࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ 4 ᖺ⏕ᐇࡍࡿࡼ࠺࢝ ࡢᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ ࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ๓ᮇᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜ ࠺ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒㦂ࡋࡓ࠶ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢၥ㢟 㸦Ϩ㸧ᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ឤࠊ᥈✲ຊࠊᩍ⫋⏕ά ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊᨵၿ⟇ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ⓗᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࡿຊ㸦ឤࡸ ᚋᮇᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᐇ⩦ࡀ ㈐௵ឤࠊᩍ⫱ⓗឡ㸧 㐠ࡪࡼ࠺⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠸ᐇ㊶ຊࢆ㌟ 㸦ϩ㸧ᑓ㛛⫋ࡋ࡚ࡢ㧗ᗘ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ᭷ព⩏࡞⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ձᩍ⛉ࡸᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ ࡑࡢ⟅⏦ࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ ղ᪂ࡓ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㸦ᇶ ⏕ࡀ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊၥ㢟 ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓຍ࠼࡚ᛮ ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ㈨ ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ▱ ㉁ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࢆ㌟ࡅࡿࡇ ㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦άືࡸㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠺ࢆࠊ4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ࠾࠸࡚᭱⤊ Ꮫ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࢆࢹࢨ࡛ࣥࡁࡿᣦᑟ ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⛉┠ࡋ࡚ᚲಟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ ຊ㸧 ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᮏᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦グ㘓ࡸᒚಟ ࢝ࣝࢸࡢࠕᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ࠖ ࢆࡶࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆ ࡿࡇࢆヨ ࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ճᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࠊᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ➼ࢆⓗ☜ ᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿຊ 㸦Ϫ㸧⥲ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ຊ㸦㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࡸ♫ᛶࠊ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࠊྠࢳ࣮࣒࡛ᑐᛂ ࡍࡿຊࠊᆅᇦࡸ♫ࡢከᵝ࡞⤌⧊➼㐃ᦠ࣭ 㸰㸬㸲2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟⟅⏦ ༠ാ࡛ࡁࡿຊ㸧 ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦Ϩࠊϩձ ᫆ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊᖖ᪂ ࣭ճࠊϪ㸧ࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺 ࡋࡉࢆồࡵ࡚ࠊ♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᐇ ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㸦ϩղ㸧ࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ2006 ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓ1997㸦ᖹᡂ9)ᖺࡽ2006㸦ᖹ 㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ ᡂ18㸧ᖺࡲ࡛ᑂ㆟ࡀᥦゝࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟ ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ ຊࡢලయࠊㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ࡸሗࠊᑡᏊ㧗㱋࡞♫ࡣᛴ㏿ኚࡋࠊ ࠊ᪂ࡓᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡀࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡽ 21 ୡ⣖ࢆ⏕ࡁᢤࡃࡓࡵࡢຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇ ࢀࡓᙧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡣ ࢀࡽࡢᏛᰯࡣࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀᑗ᮶ࡢ⫋ᴗࡸ⏕άࢆぢ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫ ⩦ᚓຍ࠼ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓ ࠾࠸࡚⮬❧ⓗ⏕ࡁࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ ࡵᚲせ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㔜 ࡿࠋ2008㸦ᖹᡂ20㸧ᖺࡢᨵゞᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ᪉ どࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕᏛ 㔪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡢࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡘ࠸࡚ ᰯ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿㅖㄢ㢟ࡢ㧗ᗘ࣭」㞧ࡼࡾࠊ ࡢ㡯┠ࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ ึ௵ẁ㝵ࡢᩍဨࡀᅔ㞴ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㣴ᡂẁ㝵 ຊ➼ࢆ☜ᐇ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢᣦᑟࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂᙉࡀᚲせࠖ࠸࠺⌧ ᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓࡶࠊほ ≧ㄢ㢟ࢆ㚷ࡳࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ 28 ᪥୰ ᐹ࣭ᐇ㦂ࡸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢసᡂࠊㄽ㏙࠸ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡒ ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᩍ⫋⏕άࡢయࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ ࢀࡢᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦άືࢆᐇ 81 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊㄢ㢟ゎỴⓗ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿேᮦࡣࠊᏊ ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡸ᥈ồⓗ࡞άືࡶᐇࡍࡿࡅຍ࠼ࡽ ࡶࡓࡕࡢᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࠊ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࢹࢨ࡛ࣥ ࡑࡢᚋ௦ࡢ㐍ᒎక࠸ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ㌟ ࡁࡿࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᩍဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡣᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊᩍဨᚿᮃࡢᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ᩍ⫱⌧ άືࢆᐇࡉࡏࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ ሙ࡛࢟ࣕࣜࢆ㔜ࡡࡿకࡗ࡚⮬↛㌟ࡘࡅ ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࢆࢹࢨ࡛ࣥࡁࡿᣦᑟຊࡀồ ࡽࢀࡿᐜ᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᇶ♏ࡣᏛ ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫࡛⫱ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 1986㸦 61㸧ᖺ⮫ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟➨ḟ⟅⏦ࠊ 㸰㸬㸳ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡢពࡢࡲࡵ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࠕᏛࡢ㣴ᡂ࠾࠸ ௨ୖࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࡚ࡣࠊᖜᗈ࠸ே㛫ᛶࠊᩍ⛉࣭ᩍ⫋ᚲせࡉࢀࡿ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺࡽ 2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧 ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࡢಟᚓ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁࠊ᥇⏝ᚋ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᑂ㆟ࡢᥦゝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢព ࡢ◊ಟ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ❧ࡗ࡚ࡉࡽᐇ ࡍࡿࡇࢁࢆ௨ୗࡲࡵ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ ࣭ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ 㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿຊ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࢆᏛ࡛㣴 ᡂࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ ࣭ 㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯ Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴ᡂㄢ⛬ńᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢึ௵⪅◊ಟ ್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸦㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶ࣭ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸ ń⌧⫋◊ಟࡢྛẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⋓ᚓࡉࢀᙧᡂࡉࢀ ࡿᚰ࣭ேᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚰ➼㸧ࢆࡋࡗࡾ㌟ ࡿࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᑗ᮶ᩍ⫋ᑵ࠸ࡓࡁࠊᩍ⛉ ࡘࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐ ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢ⫋ົࢆࠊⴭࡋ࠸ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ ࡞ࡃᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆࠊᏛ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴ᡂ ࣭ලయⓗࡣࠊㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ ㄢ⛬࡛㌟ࡅ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴ ᩍဨࡣᏛࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡋᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࡉࡽࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ ࡞࠸ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡢ㌟ ࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࡀࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡑࡢຊࢆᤵࡅࡿ ࣭ࡇࡢ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡀ㌟ࡘࡃࡼ࠺ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺ࣭༠ാⓗᏛ⩦ ࡃຊࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ࡘࡲࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồ ࡵࡽࢀࡿ౯್࠶ࡿ㈨㉁ࠊᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸ ⇕➼ࢆᇶ┙ࠊ♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁ ࡿ⬟ຊࡢࡇࠊᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣭♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࡣࠊᏛ ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸⪅ࡀࠊᑗ᮶Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡑ ࡢ᪉ἲࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࡣࠊ Ꮫࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚య㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂྥࡅ࡚ ࡢᮏᏛࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡀᣦᑟࡍ ࡿࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆ୰ᚰ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ࡢᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ࡙ ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢຊ➼ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ 㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂྥࡅ࡚ ☜࡞ຊ㔞ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡛㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ 㸱㸬㸯ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࠾ࡅࡿ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ 㸦ᅜㄒ⛉ࡢሙྜ㸧 ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭ᤵᴗ࡛㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ᮏᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍㅍ୧᪉ࡢ୍ ࡢ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᑟධࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡗ ✀චチ≧ࡢᤵࢆཷࡅࡿሙྜࠊࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉ 82 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ┠ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽ㸦㛤ㅮᖺḟ㸸1 ᖺḟ࣭๓ᮇ㸧 ࠖ ࠕᏛ 㸱㸬㸰ࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ㸦1࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩Ꮫ⩦㐣 ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࠕᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍဨᩍ ⛬㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ ࠕᏛᰯࡢไᗘ㸦1࣭๓㸧 ࠖ ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ ⫱ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸṔྐ࣭ᛮࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ 㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧 ࠖ ࠕ≉ ⫱ࡢព⩏ࡸᩍဨࡢᙺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼ ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧ࠖ ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ㸦2࣭ Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᙺࢆࠊ ࠕᏛᰯࡢไᗘࠖࠖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᩍ ᚋ㸧 ࠖ ࠕᩍ⫱┦ㄯ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧 ࠖ ࠕᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦㸦4࣭๓ࠊᚋ㸧 ࠖ ⫱㛵㐃ࡍࡿἲ௧➼㸦᠇ἲࠊᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠊᏛᰯᩍ ࠕᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦4࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ㸦2࣭๓ࠊ ⫱ἲ➼㸧ࢆᏛࡪࡇࡼࡾṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ᚋ㸧 ࠖ ࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲㸦3࣭๓ࠊᚋ㸧ࠖࡢᤵᴗࡢ༢ ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ⦅ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ㄽ࣭▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊᖺ㛫ᣦᑟィ⏬ࡸᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆ ࡲࡓࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡣࠊᅜㄒ⛉࡛࠶ࢀ ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ ࡤࠊᅜㄒࡢᩍဨචチྲྀᚓᚲせ࡞⛉┠ࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ ෆᐜࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࠕᩍ⫱᪉ἲㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ ㄒࡢ⾲⌧㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᪥ ᣦᑟ┠ᶆἢࡗ࡚సᡂࡋࡓ༢ඖᣦᑟィ⏬ࢆᇶࠊ ᮏㄒࡢࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ㸦3࣭๓㸧ࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ㸦2࣭ ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᐇ㊶ࡋᩍ⛉ࡢ≉ᛶᛂࡌࡓᣦᑟ᪉ἲ ๓㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏྂᩥᏛྐ㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ㏆௦ᩥᏛ ࡸᣦᑟᢏ⾡ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ྐ㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢྂᩥᏛ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ❧ሙࡽぢ ㏆௦ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭๓㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ◊✲㸦3࣭๓㸧 ࠖ ࠕ୰ ࡓᩍဨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⫋ᴗேࡋ࡚ࡢᩍဨࡘ࠸࡚ල ᅜࡢᩥᏛ㸦3࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ ࠕ₎ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖ ࠕ᭩㐨㸦1࣭ యⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛✚ᴟ ๓㸧ࠖࡢ⛉┠ࢆᒚಟࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ⓗᏛࡰ࠺ࡍࡿពḧࢆᣢࡘࡇࢆ฿㐩┠ᶆ ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࠶ࡓ ࡍࡿࠋ๓༙࡛ࠊᩍဨᏛᰯࢆࡵࡄࡿไᗘⓗ⨨࡙ ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ௨ୗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ4 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢᮇ ࡅࡢ୰࡛ࠊᩍ⫱⫋ဨࡋ࡚ࡢᇶᮏࢆᏛࡧࠊᚋ༙ࡣ ศࡅ࡚ᵓᡂࡋࠊࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࢆ㌟ࡅ࡚࠸ ࡑࢀࢆᇶᩍ⫱άືࡢᐇ㝿ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙࡢ ࡃࠋ ⌧ᐇࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⌧ᐇࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ 㸦1㸧ᩍ⫋ࡢពḧྥୖᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ヰ㢟ࢆᩘከࡃᏛࡪࡇ࡛ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࡶ㣴ᡂࡉ 㸦2㸧Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱⌮ゎᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧 ࢀࡿࠋ 㸦3㸧ᇶ♏ⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ㸦2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㹼3 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 㸦4㸧Ⓨᒎⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ㸦3 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㹼4 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 1 ᖺḟᚋᮇࡽᒚಟࡍࡿࠕᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩Ꮫ⩦㐣 ⛬ࠖࡢ⛉┠࡛ࡣࠊࡣࡌࡵ㟷ᖺᮇࡲ࡛ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ ᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࡢㅖ┦ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊே㛫ࡣⓎ㐩ẁ 㝵࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ぢྜࡗࡓᏛ⩦ࡀ 㸦5㸧⮬Ⓨⓗ⮬ᕫ◊㛑ᮇ㸦4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧 ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⛉┠ࡶᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࡀ㌟ ࡛ࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ ࡘࡃࡼ࠺ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢศᯒࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࠊ₇ ⩦ἲࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࢆᛮ⪃ࡍࡿࠋ ⩦ࢆ࠼ࡓᤵᴗ➼ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ☜ㄆࢆ ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᏛᰯࡢᩍ⫱ά ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡲࡎጞࡵࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠㸦ᅜㄒ ືయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧ࠖࡢෆᐜࠊ≉Ⰽࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋḟ ⌮ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࡢ㔜せᛶᐇ㝿ࡢᣦᑟ⌮ᛕ࠾ࡼ ࠊ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ ࠕᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ㔜 ࡧᣦᑟࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺ 10 せᛶࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ ᭶ 21 ᪥ࠊ୰ᩍᑂࡀࠕ㐨ᚨಀࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᨵၿ ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ⟅⏦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭ᐇ ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊ㐨ᚨࡢ㛫ࢆࠊᩍ⫱ ㄢ⛬ୖࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ 㐨ᚨࠖ㸦௬⛠㸧ࡋ࡚⨨ 83 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ࡙ࡅࡿࡇࡀྠᑂ㆟ࡼࡾᥦゝࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆཷ ࡃ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙࡢ≧ἣ࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦ᣦ ࡅࠊ2015㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ ᑟせ㡿༶ࡋ࡚ㅮ⩏ࠊウㄽࠊⓎ⾲࡞ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ ⾜つ๎ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ┬௧ࡀไᐃࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛ ేタᰯ➼ࡢゼၥࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ⌧≧ࢆ⫙ ᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࠊཬࡧ≉ูᨭᏛᰯࡢᑠᏛ㒊࣭୰Ꮫ㒊 ࡛ឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣࠊᩍဨࢆ┠ᣦࡍᏛ⏕ ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㐨ᚨࠖࡀࠊࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉࡛ ࡗ࡚ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢᩍ⫱ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿ㐨ᚨࠖᨵṇࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓྠ᪥ࠊᑠᏛᰯᏛ ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ࿌♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌ 㸱㸬㸱ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡘ࠸࡚ ♧➨ 60 ྕ㸧ࠊ୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣࠊᅜㄒ࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᣦ ࡿ࿌♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌♧➨ 61 ྕ㸧ࠊ≉ูᨭᏛᰯ ᑟຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡣࠊ ᑠᏛ㒊࣭୰Ꮫ㒊Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ࿌ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿♧ࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࡸᤵᴗ㛫ᩘࠊ ♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌♧➨ 62 ྕ㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀබ♧ࡉ ྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ෆᐜࢆࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᐇែࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ィ ࢀࡓࠋ⾜ᮇ᪥ࡣࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ≉ูᨭᏛᰯᑠᏛ㒊 ⏬ⓗᐇࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿 ࡛ࡣࠊ2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ≉ู ࡢἲ௧ୖࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࡸᩍ⛉ࡢ⣔⤫ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᐇ ᨭᏛᰯ୰Ꮫ㒊࡛ࡣࠊ2019㸦ᖹᡂ 31㸧ᖺᗘࡽ 㝿ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆస ࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ 㐨ᚨࠖࡀᐇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ ᡂࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ෆᐜࢆ༑ศ ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ2015㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡽࡣ⛣⾜ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᥐ⨨ࡋ࡚ࠊᨵṇᚋࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗ ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒ⛉ࡢᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛ࡣࠊ2 ᖺ ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ≉ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋᚋࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛉ ḟࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲϨ࣭ϩࠖࢆᒚಟࡋࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ ┠ࢆᢸᙜ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡶど㔝ධ ⫱㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ㏣ồࡋࠊ ࢀ࡚ᣦᑟࡉࢀࡿࡇࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ྛ⮬ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡘ ࠕ≉ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡀྛ ࡘࠊᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸ⪃࠼ࢆ㌟ ᩍ⛉୪ࡧ㔜せ࡞ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ୍㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡘࡅࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊᐇ㝿ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᚐ࣭Ꮫᰯ⾜࣭Ꮫ⣭άື࣭㹆㹐 ࠸ࡿᩍ⛉᭩ࡢศᯒ࣭◊✲ࢆヨࡳࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢస άື࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㒊άື࡞ࡢ㞟ᅋάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇏ ᡂἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋྠࡌࡃ 2 ᖺḟࠊేタᰯ࠾࠸ ࡞♫ᛶࡀ⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࡚ほᐹᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛㌟ࡘࡅࡓຊ ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᇶ♏ ࢆࠊᐇ㝿ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ㝆ࡾࡓࡗ࡚ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡛ ⌮ㄽ࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑࣭⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊᩍ ㄢ㢟ࡶぢࡘࡾࠊḟᖺᗘࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆゎ ဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗែᗘࢆ㣴࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ Ỵࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛㉳ࡁࡓࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ 3 ᖺḟࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲㸿࣭㹀ࠖࢆᒚಟࡍࡿࠋ ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠊ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ᥈ồࡋ࡞ 2 ᖺḟᒚಟࡋࡓࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲϨ࣭ϩ࡛ࠖ⌮ㄽⓗ ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᐇែࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓᇶ♏ࡢୖ❧ࡕࠊ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࠾ ⎔ቃ≧ἣࡽࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢ┠ⓗㄢ㢟 ࡅࡿᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ2 ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࠕᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫱┦ㄯ ᖺḟࡼࡾᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢᐇ㝿ࢆయ ࠾ࡅࡿᇶ♏▱㆑ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࠊඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᚰ㌟࣭ 㦂ࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦㈨ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࠋ ⾜ືࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ከゅⓗ࡞⌮ゎᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᑐ 4 ᖺḟࡢࠕᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡛ࠖᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡸ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡞ࠊ ᛂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ┠ᶆࠊᏛ⣭ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢලయ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ ⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ₇⩦ࢆ࠼࡞ ศࡢ⌧ᅾࡢຊࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ ࠕᩍ ࡀࡽᐇ㊶ⓗᏛࡪࠋ ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࠖࢆᒚಟࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ᮇ㛫ࡢ⮬ศࢆ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠ࡣࢀࡶࠊᏛၥⓗ▱ぢࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡾ㏉ࡾࠊㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋゎỴࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ 84 ࡢពḧࢆྥୖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡉ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆᇶᐇ㝿ᩍቭ❧ࡗ࡚ᶍ ᨃᤵᴗࢆࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㛫ࢆᮏ␒ࡉ࡞ࡀࡽ 㸱㸬㸲ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ㔜せᛶ ࡢ 50 ศ࡛⾜࠺ࡇࡀ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᑡே ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᩍᖌࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ ᩘ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺⎔ቃ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᒚಟ⪅ࡣ 50 ศ ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ⥘࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊ ࡢᤵᴗࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡚ࠊ㏻ࡋ࡛ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ࡼ࠸ᤵᴗࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡀ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁࡋࡓ⾲ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ(8)ࠋ㸱㸬㸯࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࠕᩍ⫋ ࡛ᤵᴗཧຍࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊయⓗㄪࠊ 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢࢇࡀࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢศ ⪃࠼ࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡁࠊ ᯒࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᐇࠊ₇⩦ࢆ࠼ࡓᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࡑࢀࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ⤒㦂ࡣࡁ࡞Ṋჾ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠࡛⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࠊ2 ᖺḟࠕᅜ ࡞ࡾࠊᚋ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᩍဨࡢ㐨ࢆṌ࠸࡚⾜ࡃࡇ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣኚ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࡣࠊ ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚭᗏࡋࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࠊヲ⣽࡞Ꮫ⩦ᣦ ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡿᶍᨃᤵᴗࡼ ᑟࢆᇶ⾜࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㣴ᡂ ࡗ࡚⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ Ḟࡏ࡞࠸㔜せ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠾࠸࡚ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ㸰㸬㸱࡛㏙ ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࠾ ࠸࡚㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬㸳ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠㸦ᅜㄒ⛉㸧ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ ᅜㄒ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠕᅜㄒࢆ㐺ษ⾲⌧ࡋⓗ☜⌮ ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡛ᤵᴗ୰❧ࡕ ⏕ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࠊఏ࠼࠶࠺ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡶ ᤵᴗࡢ‽ഛࢆᚭᗏⓗ⾜࠺ࡇࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡛ ࠊᛮ⪃ຊࡸീຊࢆఙࡤࡋࠊᚰࢆ㇏ࡋࠊ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥㡭ࡼࡾᶍᨃᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᩍᮦ◊✲ࢆ ゝㄒឤぬࢆ☻ࡁࠊゝㄒᩥᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ῝ࡵࠊ ༑ศࡍࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡣࠊㄞࢇ ᅜㄒࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿែᗘࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࠋࠖ ࡛ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ᬯグࡉࡏ࡚⤊ࢃࡾ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ࡇ࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡣࠊ1 ᖺḟඹ㏻⛉┠ࠊࠕㄽ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᩍᮦࢆࡗ࡚⏕ᚐఱࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏ ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ἲ࣭ࠖࠕㄽ⌮ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ ࡿࡢࢆࠊᩍ࠼ࡿഃࡀᖖᛕ㢌࠾࠸࡚ᤵᴗࢆ㐍 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡕࠊㄽ⌮ ⾜ࡉࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ᪥㡭 ⓗពぢࢆ㏙ࡿ⬟ຊࠊ┠ⓗࡸሙ㠃࡞ᛂࡌ࡚ ࡽᩍᮦࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺సရ㛵ࢃࡿ㈨ᩱ㞟ࡵࢆ⾜࠺ 㐺ษ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊ┠ⓗᛂࡌ࡚ⓗ☜ㄞࡳ ດຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᩍᮦࢆ⏕ᚐᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠶ࡿ┠ⓗ ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊసရ⯆ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿ ࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᅵྎ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᅜ ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋᚭᗏࡋࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࢆᶍᨃᤵᴗ ㄒࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠ࢆᏛࡪࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⮬ಙࢆᣢ ࡛⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᩍቭ❧ࡘࡇ ࡗ࡚ᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࢆ㣴ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᅜㄒࡢᩍဨචチྲྀᚓᚲせ࡞⛉┠ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ ࡲࡓࠊᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜࠊ๓‽ഛࡢࡓࡵᏛ 㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘ ⩦ᣦᑟࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇࡣ㔜せ࡞సᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ ࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡼࡾᩍ⛉ࡢᐇ㝿༶ࡋࡓෆᐜ ᤵᴗึᚰ⪅࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊ㛫ࡢࡾࡾࠊⓎ ࡍࡿࡇࢆᛕ㢌⨨ࡃࡼ࠺ࡢᥦゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ ၥෆᐜ࣭ᯈ᭩ィ⏬ࡶྵࡵ࡚⣽ࡃලయⓗグ㏙ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠊࠕ༢ඖタ 2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᩍ⫋⏕ ᐃࡢ⌮⏤㸦ᩍᮦほ㸧ࠖࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ άࡢయࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ྥ ࡢᮇࠊࡇࡢసရࢆᢅ࠺ࡢࡣఱᨾࠋసရࢆ㏻ ୖ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ ϩ㸬ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ ղᇶ♏චチ ࡋ࡚ఱࢆ⏕ᚐఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡗ ≧㸦௬⛠㸧ࠖࡢ㡯࡛ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊᚰ㡪ࡃᤵᴗࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᩍ⛉ࡸᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࡢಟᚓࢆ୰ᚰ 85 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ᒎ㛤ࡋࠊලయⓗࡣ ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࠖࢆ༑ศ㌟ࡅ 㸱㸬㸴 ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫ ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᐇ㝿༶ࡋࡓෆᐜࡍࡿ 㸱㸬㸴㸬㸯 ྠ୍ᢸᙜ⪅ࡼࡿ㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ ࡓࡵࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍ ࡿ⛉┠ࠖࢆᯫᶫࡍࡿෆᐜࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠋ ➹⪅ࡣࠊ ࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡋ࡚ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡋ ࡇࡀせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࠖ ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠ⟅⏦ࡣࠕϪ㸬ᙜ㠃ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ 2㸬ᩍ ࠾ࡾࠊᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍ ဨ㣴ᡂࠊ᥇⏝ࡽึ௵⪅ࡢẁ㝵ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ 㸦1㸧 ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᅜබ⚾❧ᏛࡢᏛ㒊࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢᐇ ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕᩍ ձᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᨵၿࠖࡢ㡯ࠊಟኈࣞ ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ ࣋ࣝࡢ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ㒊ẁ㝵࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ ࡀࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢྲྀ⤌ࠖ ࢆ୰ᚰࠊᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚭᗏࡍࡿࡇ ࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ1 ᖺḟᚋᮇṇᘧᩍ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟⓏ㘓ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ2 ᖺḟࡽᮏ᱁ⓗᩍ⫋ ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᩍ ⛉┠ࢆᒚಟࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿᏛ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ1 ᖺḟ ⛉ෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᤵᴗෆᐜࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ ๓ᮇࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿព⩏ࡣࡁ࠸ࠋᤵᴗ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍ ᴫせࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๓༙࡛ᩍ⫋ࡢព⩏ࠊᩍဨࡢᙺࠊ ࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸ ⫋ົෆᐜࠊ᭹ົつᚊ࡞ࢆᴫᣓⓗㅮ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ➹ ᙜᩍဨࡀඹྠ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞ࠊᩍ⛉ᩍ ⪅ࡢᐇົ⤒㦂(9)ࢆ⏕ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⤒㦂ㄯࢆ࠼࡚ࡼࡾ⌧ᐇⓗヰࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕ ࠗᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ ᚋ༙࡛ࡣࠊࡢࡕᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛Ꮫࡪࡇ࡞ࡿ⛉┠ 㛛ⓗ⌮ゎ࠘ࢆ༑ศ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠖࡇࢆ᭱ึồࡵ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᑟධⓗෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬⯡ ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠕᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᩍ⛉ෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᤵ ࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ᪥ⓗᩍ⫱ㄢ ᴗෆᐜࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇࠖࡀేࡏ࡚せㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㢟ࢆᩍဨࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠺ᑐฎࡍࡿࡘ࠸࡚ウ㆟ ᩍဨࡢචチࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ ࡋࠊⓎ⾲ࡢᶵࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢయ㦂ࡀᅜㄒ⛉ ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᏛࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠ࡋ࡚㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ᩍ⫱ἲ࠾ࡅࡿᶍᨃᤵᴗ⏕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡘ ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࡢ⛉┠ࡀྠ୍ᢸᙜ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ࡀᅗࡽ ࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂ㈨ࡍࡿ ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇࡶᚲせ ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍ぢ┦ࡍࡿせㄳࡢࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢ ୍᪉ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࠊࠕᅜ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࠖࢆ༑ศ㌟ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢ ࡘࡅࡿࡇࡢせㄳࡣࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢಟኈࣞ࣋ࣝ ᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ ࢆᐃࡋࡓࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡗ࡚ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࢆᚋᮇࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆ ᑓ㛛⛉┠࠸࠺⥘ࢆࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ಙ ᒚಟࡍࡿࠋᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ༑ศ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᣦᑟᨭ㞀ࢆ ᩥἲ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྛရモࡢཎ⌮࣭ᛶ᱁ࢆᏛࡪࠋࡑ ࡁࡓࡍࡇ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ⟅⏦࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡢᩗㄒ⾲⌧ࡸຓືモࡢ⏝ἲ࡞ᩥἲࢆ⌮ゎ ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᩥ❶ࡢṇ☜࡞ព⌮ゎࡘ࡞ࡆ ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨࡀඹྠ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᏳ࣭ᐊ⏫࣭᫂ࡢ 3 ௦ࢆ ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ ࡾࠊᩥἲኚࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢኚ㑄ࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡉࡽᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗 86 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ➼Ꮫᰯ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓྂᩥἲࡢ⩦ࢆࡋࠊࡑࢀᑐ ࢇࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ⛉┠ࢆ୍ே࡛ᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟ ẚࡉࡏ࡚⌧௦ᩥἲࡢ☜ㄆࡶ⾜࠸ࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ഛ࠼ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡢ⛉┠࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᢸᙜ⪅ྠኈࡀ ࡿࠋ ពぢࢆ⾜࠸㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ࢆᅗࡿࡇࢆᚰࡅ ࡘ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡚࠸ࡃࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡁࠊᐇ⩦⏕ࡢྂᩥἲ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ▱㆑ࡢஈ ࡋࡉࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㔠ᏊᏲẶࡶࠊᅜㄒ⛉ ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ⩦⏕ࡢྂࡸᅜㄒ㸦Ꮫ㸧 㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡢ࡞ࡉࡸஈࡋࡉࡢࡓࡵ༑ศ࡞ᩍ ᮦ◊✲ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㛫㐪ࡗࡓࡇࢆᩍ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ Ꮚࡶࡢ㉁ၥ㐺ษᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀࡼ ࡃ࠶ࡿࠊࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛຊపୗࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(10)ࠋࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖྂసရࢆ ᩍᮦᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡛࠶ ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࡢ㐃ᦠ࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᏛຊྥୖ ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩥἲࡢ⩦ᚓࢆᚭᗏⓗ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆᒚಟࡍࡿ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ ᅜㄒ⛉࡛ᣦᑟࡍࡁ 3 㡿ᇦࠕヰࡍࡇ࣭⪺ࡃࡇࠖ ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇࠖ ࠕㄞࡴࡇࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ ࡢᤵᴗ࡛㊊ࡀࡕ࠸ࢃࢀࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ ࠖࠕヰࡍࡇ࣭⪺ࡃࡇࠖ㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆ⩦ᚓ ࡍࡿ(11)ࠋ᭩ࡁゝⴥ㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ 㛗ᩥࢆㄞࡳ࣏ࣥࢺࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚せ⣙ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࠊ㏫ ࡢㄽ᪨ࢆᣢࡘㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࠊពぢࢆ᫂☜ ࡋ࡚ㄽ᪨ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ⦎⩦࡞ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ලయⓗ࡞⦎⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕୍ேࡦࡾࡢㄽ⌮ຊ ࢆ㣴࠺ࡶࠊⓗ☜࡞᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ཬࡧㄽᩥࡢᵓ ᡂຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡋゝⴥࠊ⪺ࡁゝⴥ ࡢᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࠊᩗㄒ⾲⌧࡞ࡢࠊⓎ㡢࣭ࢡࢭ ࣥࢺࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ㡢ኌᏛࡢせ⣲ࡶຍ࠼ࡿࠋ ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟ⪅ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠࡛ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍᖌ ࡋ࡚ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊྠᮇᒚಟࡍࡿ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗά⏝ࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࡛ࠊ4 ᖺḟ⾜࠺ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ഛ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛Ꮫࡪࡇࡼࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡀ㌟ ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ᩍ⛉ 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ୍ேࡦ ࡾࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆぢᒆࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁ 㸱㸬㸴㸬㸰ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ ࡢ ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ࡛ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϨࠖࡀ㛤 ㅮࡉࢀࡿࠋ⥲ྜᩥᏛ⛉ࡢᚲಟ⛉┠࠸࠺ࡇࡶ ࠶ࡾࠊ27 ᖺᗘࡣ 32 ྡࡀᒚಟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿ㐺ษ࡞᭩ࡁゝⴥࡢ ⩦ᚓࠊㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊㄽ᪨ࢆ᫂☜ᵓᡂࡍ ࡿຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋᮇ㛤ㅮࡢ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϩࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟ⪅௨እࡣ㑅 ᢥ⛉┠࡞ࡿࠋᖺᗘࡣ 12 ྡࡀᒚಟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϨࠖࡢᏛ⩦ࡢୖ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᩥᏛ◊ ✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏Ꮫ⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ලయⓗࡣࠊⰰᕝ㱟அࡢࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ⣲ᮦ ࡋ࡚◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃᤵᴗࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠋᢸᙜ⪅ ࡑࡢ⤊ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓᚋࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆᩍᮦࡋࡓᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡢពᅗࡍࡿᤵᴗ┠ⓗࠊ ᤵᴗᴫせࢆ௨ୗグࡍ(12)ࠋ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϩࠖࡣࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵ ࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ ࠕᩥᏛࠖࡢ◊✲ㄽᩥ≉ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᩥ⣔ࡢㄽᩥ⯡ࢆど㔝ධࢀ࡚ࠊࡶࡗࡶᇶᮏ ⓗ࡞ࢫࢱࣝࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ୍ᡭẁࡋ࡚ࠕᩥᏛࠖࢆ⣲ᮦ ࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࠕ⨶⏕㛛ࠖࡶࡑࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢసရศᯒࡀࡲࡎᚲせࡔࡀࠊ ୖグࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࡞ࡾᇶᮏⓗ࡞ศᯒࢆ୰ᚰ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏫࠸࠺ࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ ᤵᴗᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㒊ศࡶከ࠸ࠋ 㸦ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊศ ᯒ⮬యࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠼ࡿ㸧 ࠙ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢどⅬࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓ ࡇࠚ ձཎࠕ᫇≀ㄒࠖࡢẚ㍑ศᯒࡋ࡚ 87 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ࣭ⰰᕝࡀࠊཎ௨ୖ⨶⏕㛛࿘㎶࠾ࡼࡧ୰ࡢ Ⲩᗫࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ࣭ேබࡀ᭱ᚋ┐ࡴရ≀ࡋ࡚ࠊⰰᕝࡀࠕ⪁ ፠ࡢ╔≀ࠖࡔࡅࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ࣭ேබࡢタᐃࢆࠊ ࠕ┐ேࠖࡽࠕୗேࠖኚ࠼ ࡓࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ղ⪁፠ࡢᙺࡘ࠸࡚ ࣭ୗேࡀ᭱ึ⪁፠ࢆࠕᝏࠖỴࡵࡅࡓࡢࡣ ࡞ࡐࠋ ࣭ୗேࡀ⪁፠ࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡃែᗘࡽࠊୗேࡢ࠺ ࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊୗேࡢࠕࡁࡧࠖࡢᣢࡘᙺ ࡶὀពࡍࡿࠋ ࣭⪁፠⮬㌟ࡢୗேᑐࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡶ ࡢࠋ ࡍᩥࡽே≀㸦ୗே㸧ࡢ㈨㉁ࡸᚰ⌮ࢆㄞࡳࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡸࠊே≀㐀ᆺ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ከ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿẚ႘⾲⌧࡞ࠊᑠㄝࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࡢධ㛛ᩍᮦࡋ ࡚ࡣࠊ㐺ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺(13)ࠋࠖ ㏙࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ☜ᑠㄝࡢㄞゎࡢᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿሙ㠃ࡸ≧ἣࠊⓏ ሙே≀ࡢタᐃࡢᢲࡉ࠼᪉ࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡢ㐺ࡋࡓ ᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡛⏝ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠊᅜㄒ⥲ྜ⌧௦ᩥ⦅㸦ᮾி᭩⡠㸧ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ ࡣᏛ⩦ࡢ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ࠊ 㸦㸯㸧ヰࡢᒎ㛤༶ࡋ࡚ࠊᥥࢀࡓᬒࡸస୰ே ≀ࡢᚰࡢ᥎⛣ࢆㄞࡳࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧ᑠㄝࢆㄞࢇ࡛⯆࣭㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗࡓࡇࢆㄪ ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿែᗘࢆ㌟ࡘ ࡅࡿࠋ ึฟࠕ⨶⏕㛛ࠖࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸ࡶὀពࡍ ࡢ㸰ࡘࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨๓ࡣ㸦㸯㸧ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࠕㄞࡴࡇࠖࡢࡳຊⅬࢆ⨨ࡁࠊ ࠕ⪁ ճ┐ே࡞ࡿຬẼࡘ࠸࡚ ፠ࡢฟ࠸ࡼࡾኚࡋࡓୗேࡢᚰ⌮ࡢ᥎⛣ ࣭ୗேࡢᚰ⌮ኚࢆ㏣࠸ࡅ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ၿࡶᝏࡶᚭᗏࡋ࠼࡞࠸Ᏻᐃ࡞ே ࣭ୖグղࡢ㛵㐃ࡽࠊ⪁፠ᑐࡍࡿࠕࠖ 㛫ࡢጼࢆᥥࡁࠊ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵㄡࡋࡶࡀᣢࡘ࢚ࢦ ὀ┠ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ࢬ࣒ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓసရ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㢟ࢆࡲࡵ࡚ࡇࡢ ࡇࢀࡽࢆࠊ㉁ᛂ⟅ࡸᑠࢸࢫࢺⓗ࡞ࣉࣜࣥࢺ ༢ඖࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠕ᥈ồᆺᤵᴗࠖࡣ ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏛ⏕⪃࠼ࡉࡏࠊᩍဨࡀࡲ ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࡢ┠ᶆ฿㐩ࡍࡿᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࡀ࡞ ࡵࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 600㹼800 Ꮠࡢᑠㄽᩥࡲ ࡉࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࠕ᥈✲ᆺᤵᴗࠖࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡞ࡿ ࡵࡉࡏࠊῧ๐ࡋ࡚㏉༷ࡍࡿࠋㄽᩥࡉࢀࡓࡶ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛ࠖᇵ ࡢࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ3㹼4 ᮏࡢ ࡗࡓㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇࠖࡸࠕヰ ᑠㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡍࡇ࣭⪺ࡃࡇࠖࢆࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗᑟධࡍࡿࡇ ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡣࠊᅜㄒࡢᩍဨࡢචチࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿ ከࡃࡢᩍᮦࢆࡗ࡚ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆඃ ࡓࡵࡢᚲಟ⛉┠࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏᏛ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠࡛ ඛࡍࡿࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗෆ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢ ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊୖグࡢዴࡃ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏⦎ ࡘࡅㄪ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡽᶍᨃᤵᴗ ⩦ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀࡉࢀ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࠶ࡿ㉁ၥ㡯ࢆ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ 1 ᖺࡢᑠㄝᩍᮦࡢࠕᐃ ࡇ࡞ࡍࡔࡅࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ ␒ࠖゝࢃࢀࠊ㧗ᰯධᏛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࠊ ❶ἲࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࠾࠸࡚ࠊ◊✲ ᭱ึᑠㄝࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿᩍᮦࡋ࡚㛗ᖺᢅ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓୖ࡛స ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ᒣ⩏Ặࡣࠊ ရࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃㄞࡳ㐍ࡵࠊ⮬ࡽ㢟ࢆ᥈✲ࡋࡓୖ࡛ ࠕẚ㍑ⓗ᫂ᛌ࡛ᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࣉࣟࢵࢺࠊே≀ ᶍᨃᤵᴗ⮫ࡴࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࡣࠊ⏕ᚐ⪃࠼ 㸦ୗே㸧ࡢᚰ⌮ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡋ࡚㏲୍㏣࠺ ࡉࡏ⯆ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿෆᐜࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗᑡࡋࡎࡘ ࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᒎ㛤ࠊே≀㸦ୗே㸧ࡢ⾜ືࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࠊᑠㄽᩥࢆୖࡆࡿࡢ 88 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ኚⱞປࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠾㝜 㸲㸬ᩍ⫋ᩍ⛉ ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜ ࡛㧗ᗘ࡞ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ2 ࡘࡢ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍ⫋㛵 ⛉┠ࡀ 2 ேࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡢඹྠࡼࡗ࡚㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠊᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࠶ࡓࡗ ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂ㈨ ࡚ࡣࠊ4 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢᮇศࡅ࡚ᵓᡂࡋࠊࠕᐇ㊶ ࡍࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࢆ㌟ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ௨ୗࠊᅜㄒ⛉ࢆྲྀࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࡡࡽ࠸ෆᐜ ࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ ᮇ ࡡࡽ࠸ ෆᐜ ➨ ୍ ᮇ ᩍ⫋ࡢពḧ ྥୖᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟ ๓ᮇ㸧 ࣭Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᇶᮏࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫋ㄽ࣭Ꮫᰯࡢไᗘ➼ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩍဨᩍ⫱ ࣭⫋ᴗேࡋ࡚ࡢᩍဨࡘ࠸࡚ල ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸṔྐ࣭ᛮࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ యⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࠊᩍ⫋ ព⩏ࡸᩍဨࡢᙺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ㄢ⛬࡛✚ᴟⓗᏛࡧࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨ ࣭᪥ᮏྂᩥᏛྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊసရࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡓ௦⫼ᬒࡸྛ௦ࡢ㢼⩦័࡞ࢆ Ꮫࡪࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛྐ㸦ྂ௦࣭୰࣭ྂ୰ୡ࣭ ㏆ୡ㸧ࡢయീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ ➨ ᮇ Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱⌮ゎ ᮇ 㸦1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧 ࣭ࡇࡶࡢᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ ࣭ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ࣭ᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩Ꮫ⩦ㄢ⛬࡛ࠊ ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ⓗ☜࡞ุ᩿ࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡇࡶࡢⓎ㐩ᛂࡌࡓᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦ ࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟ࡅࡿࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏ㏆௦ᩥᏛྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊ๓௦ẚ㍑ࡋ ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᩥᏛྐࢆὶࢀࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡍࡿຊ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛྐ㸦࣭᫂ṇ࣭㸧 ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ࡢయീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ ➨ ୕ ᮇ ᇶ♏ⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ 㸦2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㹼 3 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ᚲせ࡞ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࢆ㌟ࡅࠊከᵝ࡞ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࢆ ⤒㦂 ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࡑ ࢀࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ ࠸ ࡃࠋ ࣭ేタ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼ᏛᰯᤵᴗぢᏛ ㉱ࡁࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿほᐹ ᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࣭ᑠㄽᩥࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࡼࡾㄽ⌮ⓗ ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊ࣭ᵓᡂຊ࡞ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡢⓎᒎⓗᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡼ ࡾ῝࠸ㄞゎຊᛮ⪃ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ࣭㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ࣭≉ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ ᪉ἲ࣭⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ࣭ᩍ⫱┦ㄯ➼࡛ࠊᏛ ⩦ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛⾜࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ྛᩍ⛉ࡢෆᐜᣦᑟἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ㄢ㢟 ࢆ᥈ồࠊ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ㆤ➼య㦂ࡢᐇ ࣭᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ ⾲⌧ࠊ₎ᩥࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࣭ྂ㏆௦ᩥᏛ➼ࡢ ᤵᴗ࡛᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊከࡃࡢస ရࢆㄞࡳᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗ ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࠋ 89 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ➨ ᅄ ᮇ ➨ ᮇ Ⓨᒎⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ 㸦3 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㹼 4 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ⮬Ⓨⓗ⮬ᕫ◊ 㛑ᮇ㸦4 ᖺḟᚋ ᮇ㸧 ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ྥࡅ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉ᑓ㛛⛉ ┠ࢆᚭᗏⓗᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢ ᩍᤵἲࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊᩍဨ ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆ⌮ゎ࣭ ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࣭1 ᖺḟࡽᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ ࡸ୰ᅜᩥᏛ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡞ ࡿ◊㛑ࢆ✚ࡳࠊ୍ᒙࡢ῝ࢆᅗ ࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࡢ๓ᣦᑟ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛ◊✲ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡࠊ୰ᅜ ࡢᩥᏛ➼ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺సရࡘ࠸࡚ࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᐇ㊶ຊ ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ⮬ࡽࡢᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆࡾ㏉ࡾࠊㄢ㢟 ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຊࢆ㌟ ࡅࡿດຊࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᏛ ࡧ⥆ࡅࡿ⣲ᆅࢆసࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦࠾࠸࡚ࠊᒚಟ࢝ࣝࢸࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚ࠊ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຊࢆࡢࡼ࠺㌟ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࢆ᥈ồࠊᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࣭༞ᴗ◊✲ࢆసᡂ 㸳㸬᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦࣭ᣦᑟἲ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛ ࢽࣥࢢ ௨ୖࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࠕ ᡂ 33㸧ᖺᗘࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ 2022㸦ᖹᡂ 34㸧ᖺᗘ௨ 㝆ᐇࡉࢀࡿࠋ㠃ᨵᐃࡢ┠⋢ࡢࡦࡘࡀࠕ㸿 㹊ࠖࡤࢀࡿᏛ⩦࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢᑟධ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᑂ㆟ࡢὶࢀࢆ᳨ウࡍ ཝࡋ࠸ᣮᡓࡢ௦࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ୍ ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ࠸ࡘࡢ ᒙ㐍ᒎࡋࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡾࠊᖾ⚟ ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ࡢୖ❧ࡗ࡚௦ࡢኚ ࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇࢆ㢪࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ㸿㹊ࡘ࠸࡚ క࠸ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ⬟ຊࡀᚤጁኚ㑄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ㅎၥࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡀࢃࡿࠋึࡵࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ ࠕఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡢࠖ࠸࠺▱㆑ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞ࡢᨵ ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀᐇ㊶ⓗ⬟ຊゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋḟ ၿࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇࠊࠕࡢࡼ࠺Ꮫࡪࡢࠖ ࡑࡢ⬟ຊᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ ࠸࠺ࠊᏛࡧࡢ㉁ࡸ῝ࡲࡾࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡓࠋࡉࡽࠕ᥈ồᆺ࣭༠ാᆺࠖᤵᴗࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄢ㢟ࡢⓎぢゎỴྥࡅ࡚య ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡧ᪉ࡀࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ ⓗ࣭༠ാⓗᏛࡪᏛ⩦㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢡࢸ ࣥࢢ㸦௨ୗࠊ㸿㹊㸧ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡼࡾ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࠖ 㸧ࡸࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᑟࡢ᪉ἲ యⓗࠊ⬟ືⓗᤵᴗཧຍࡉࡏࡿຊࡀせồࡉ ➼ࢆᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ⡆₩ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㸿㹊ࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿࠕ▱㆑ఏ㐩ᆺࠖ 2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺ 11 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊୗᮧ༤ᩥ࣭ᩥ ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ⬟ືⓗᤵᴗཧ 㒊⛉Ꮫ┦㸦ᙜ㸧ࡣࠊ୰ᩍᑂᑐࡋ࡚ࠕึ➼୰➼ ຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᤵᴗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽➼ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸ Ꮫ⩦࣭ᣦᑟἲࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡛ࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ ࡚ㅎၥࡋࡓࠋ ୰ᩍᑂࡣ⣙ 2 ᖺࢆࡅ࡚ᑂ㆟ࡋ 2016 24㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀ 㸦ᖹᡂ 28㸧ᖺᗘࡣ⟅⏦ࡉࢀࡿぢ㏻ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖࡢ㡯┠ࠕㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࠊ༠ാ ᩥ⛉┬ࡣ୰ᩍᑂࡢ⟅⏦ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆ ⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࢆࢹࢨ࡛ࣥࡁࡿ⬟ຊࠖ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ 㠃ᨵᐃࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࠊḟᮇᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡣࠊᑠᏛ ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ᤵᴗᙧែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ ᰯࡀ 2020㸦ᖹᡂ 32㸧ᖺᗘࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡀ 2021㸦ᖹ せ㡿᫂☜♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡲ࡛ࡼࡾࡶᤵᴗ 90 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࢆࡼࡾ୍ᒙ᥈ồᆺࢆព㆑ࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࢆᏛࢇࡔ࠸࠺ኌࡶከࡃ⪺ࢀࡓࠋᢸᙜ⪅ࡀᮏ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㹕㹑࡛┠ⓗࡋࡓࠊࠕᑐヰࡼࡾࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ㄢ㢟 㸿㹊ࡣࡶࡶࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ୰ ࢆࢡࣜࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡣᯝࡓࡏࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ᮍ᮶ࢆ⠏ࡃࡓࡵࡢᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ ࠕึᑐ㠃ࡢேࡢ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡣࠊᏛ⏕ ⓗ㌿ྥࡅ࡚ 㸫⏕ᾭᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࠊయⓗ⪃࠼ ࡢᏛᰯᩍဨࢆྵࡵࡓᑵ⫋άືࠊࡉࡽࡣ♫ฟ ࡿຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿᏛ㸫࡛ࠖᥦゝࡉࢀࠊᏛᩍ⫱ ࡚ࡽࡶ⏕ࡁࡿయ㦂࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ㏙࡚࠾ࡽࢀ ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ◊ ࡿࠋ ✲ᐇ㊶ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ ࠕ⮬ࡽయࢆືࡋࡓࡾࠊᛮ⪃ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿᤵᴗࡢ ἲࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᏛ⏕ࡼࡾయⓗ⬟ືⓗ ࠺ࡀᐃ╔ᗘࡣୖࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺㸿㹊ࡑ ᤵᴗཧຍࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡛ ࡢࡶࡢࡢព⩏ࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡢ⏬ࡣࠊ ᢅ࠺ᩥᏛసရࢆ㸿㹊࡛Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᶍ⣴ ᡂຌ⤊ࢃࡗࡓࠋࡲ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶᰂ㌾ཷࡅṆ ୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰ࠊࠕྂᩥᏛࢆࢡࢸ ࡵࡿ⣲ᆅࡀᏛ⏕ࡣ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛Ꮫࡪࠖ࠸࠺ᩥᏐࡀ㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇ ࡓࠋᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ⓗ㌿ࢆồࡵ࡚ᥦゝࡉࢀࡓ㸿㹊 ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠊព㆑ࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᩍ ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡢ࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡉࢆᏛ⏕ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࠊᏛ ဨഃ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᏛ⏕ࡀ⬟ືⓗᏛࡪᤵᴗࡢᅾࡾ᪉ ⏕⮬㌟ࡶࡗ⪃࠼࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋᏛ⏕⮬ಙࢆࡘࡅ ࢆ㏣ồࡋࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛㸿㹊ᆺᶍᨃᤵᴗࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢࠋࠖ ࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊึ ࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡋࡓၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ 5 Ꮫࡢᩍဨ ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡶࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ 26㸧ᖺࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ᆺᤵᴗࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ◊✲ࠖࢆⓎ㊊ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 2015 ࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫋㐣⛬ࢆᒚಟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ᩍ⫋ 㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊᏛࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚᪥ᮏ ᑵ࠸ࡓࡁᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢ⫋ົⴭࡋ ᩥᏛࡢᏛࡧࢆ┒ࡾ࠶ࡆࡓ࠸ࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕᩥᏛࢆᏛ ࠸ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࡧࡘࡘࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚ࡋ ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀㄢ⛬ㄆྍࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺㢪࠸ࡽࠊ5 Ꮫྜྠ࡛ࡢᩥᏛ࣮࣡ࢡ Ꮫࡢ㈐ົ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᩍ⫋ ࢩࣙࢵࣉ㸦௨ୗࠊ㹕㹑㸧ࢆ⏬ࡉࢀࡓ(15)ࠋཧຍࡋ 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ༠ຊ ࡓ 27 ྡࡢᏛ⏕ࢆ 5 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅࠊࢤ࣮࣒➼࡛ ࡋ࡚ࠊẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡀ㣴ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ⥭ᙇࢆࡄࡋࡓᚋࠊ࣓ࣥࡢ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿḷ≀ㄒ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (14)ࡀࠊ2014㸦ᖹᡂ ࡢసᡂ⮫ࢇࡔࠋㄢ㢟ࡣࠕ㉳ࡁࡶࡏࡎᐷࡶࡏ࡛ኪ ࠕ⥲ྜᩍ⫱ᢏ⾡ࠖࡣࠊḟᮇᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ࣮࢟ ࢆ࠶ࡋ࡚ࡣࡢࡶࡢ࡚࡞ࡀࡵࡃࡽࡋࡘࠖࡢḷ ࣮࣡ࢻࠕࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ↔Ⅼࠖ㢟ࡋ ࢆྵࢇࡔ≀ㄒࡢసᡂࡑࡢ₇࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ⮬ࡀ ࡚≉㞟ࢆ⤌ࡳᩍ⛉ู㸿㹊ࡢᤵᴗࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࢆ ḷࡢゝⴥࡽീࢆᗈࡆࠊࡇࡢḷࡀャࡲࢀᚓࡿ⫼ ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶ୰Ꮫᰯᅜㄒ⛉ࡢලయⓗᐇ㊶ ᬒࡸୡ⏺ほࢆ࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚⬮ᮏࢆసࡾࢆసᡂ ࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩍ⛉ㄪᰝᐁᮡᮏ┤ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛࡢᏛ⏕ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࠊ ⨾Ặࡢヰ(16)ࡣࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᮐᖠᕷ❧୰ ࠾࠸ࡢከᵝ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡦࡘࡢసရࡲ ኸ୰Ꮫᰯ➨ 3 Ꮫᖺࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸦ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺᗘ㸧ࢆ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃసᴗࡣᐜ᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ ⤂ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗᴫ␎ࢆ㏙ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿࠋཧຍࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ␗ཱྀྠ㡢ࡲࡵࡿ㞴ࡋࡉ ⏕ᚐࡢㄒᙡࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦᑟࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊពぢࢆฟࡋྜࡗ࡚ࢫࢺ࣮ ᚑ᮶ࡣࠊ㈨ᩱ㞟ࢆ➼ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㢮⩏ㄒࡸᑐ⩏ㄒࠊ ࣮ࣜࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡣᴦࡋࡃࠊࡇࡢ㹕㹑ࡽ ࡇࢃࡊࡸ័⏝ྃ࡞ࢆࡲࡵ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏࡿ᪉ ḷࡢゎ㔘ࡢከᵝᛶࠊゝⴥࡢຊࠊᩥᏛࢆᏛࡪព࡞ ἲࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋຠ⋡ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⏕ᚐࡀゝ 91 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ ⴥᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࠊయⓗάືࡍࡿᏛ⩦ ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࢆࠊᒚಟᏛ⏕ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮐᖠᕷ❧୰ኸ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᐇ㊶ࡣࠊᢸ ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛ㄽᩥࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡋ࡚ฟࡉࢀࡓ 3 ᙜࡋࡓ᭶ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ሗ㸦Ꮨ⠇➼㛵㐃ࡍࡿゝ ࡘࡢどⅬࡘ࠸࡚㡰ࢆ㏣ࡗ࡚ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ ⴥ㸧ࢆྛ⏕ᚐࡀ㞟ࡵࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ヰࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ ࡀ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡉࡽࠕ᭩ࡃάືࠖࡸࠕヰࡍάື࣭ ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᙧࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺Ꮫ⩦άື ⪺ࡃάືࠖࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗᑟධࡉࡏࡿ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࡀ 1 ᖺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍᐊᥖ♧ ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊㄒྃࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࡀᣢ⥆ࡉࢀࠊᐇ ࡇࢆࠊᗘࡣ⏕ᚐࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆ ⏕ά⏕ࡁ࡚ാࡃᅜㄒࡢ⬟ຊࡋ࡚ᐃ╔ࡀᅗࡽ సᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛Ꮫࡪഃ ࢀࡿࠋẶࡣࠕࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗࡀ㸿㹊ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢࡦ ࠶ࡗࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࡣࠊᏛࡤࡏࡿഃ ࡘࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ❧ࡘࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࢆୖᡭࡉࡏࡿ ࠋࠖ㏙࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋẶࡢゝⴥࡽࠊ㸿㹊 ࡢࡀᢸᙜ⪅ࡢᙺ┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ᴫᛕࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ ᚋࡶࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢᢸᙜᩍဨඹྠ ࡞ࡃࠊࡲ࡛ࡢᤵᴗᑡࡋࡢᕤኵࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㸿㹊ᆺᶍᨃᤵᴗࠖࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࠋࡉࡽ㸿㹊ࡣᏛ⩦ ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᪉ἲࡢᅛᐃࡢᆺࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕࡇࢀ 㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇࠊࡑࢀࡀ ࡀ㸿㹊ࡢࡦࡘࠖゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࢆࠊᩍဨࡀయⓗ ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ ⪃࠼ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᏛ ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᢸᙜᩍ ࢇࡔࠋ ဨ㐃ᦠࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐇ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ㸿㹊࡛Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㣴ᡂྥࡅ࡚ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᐇࢆᅗࡾࠊ ࡓࡁࠊࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ◊✲ Ꮫ⏕ࡀᩍ࠼ࡿഃ❧ࡗࡓࡁ㸿㹊ᆺࡢᤵᴗᒎ ࠖࡀࠊྂᩥᏛࢆ㹕㹑ࡢᐇ㊶࡛Ꮫ⏕⬟ືⓗ 㛤ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀࠊᅜ ᩥᏛࢆᏛࡤࡏࡓࡼ࠺ࠊୗேࡢᚰ⌮ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲᢸᙜ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ ศࡅ࡚ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀᛮ࠸ᾋ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡪࠋࡋࡋࠊึࡵࡽࠕࡣ࠸ࠊ࡞ࡐୗேࡢᚰࠊ ┐ே࡞ࡿຬẼࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢࠊヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ グ ࠺ࠖゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ពぢࡣࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔ ᮏ✏ࢆᡂࡍ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗ ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀࠊᑠㄽᩥࢆ㸱ᮏ᭩ ෆᐜࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࡇࢆࡈᢎㅙࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓᮏᏛᩍ ࡏࡿ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࢢ࣮ࣝ ᤵᰗἑᏕᏊẶ῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣉ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᐇࡋ࡞࠸ᐇࡋࡓពぢࡣฟ࡞࠸ࠋ ึࡵࡽࠕࡣ࠸ࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࠸ࡗ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ࡢⷧ ὀ ࠸ヰࡋฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣᏛࡢᤵᴗࡣゝ 㸦1㸧ᆏ⏣௮㸸2007㸪ࠕ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲᩥゎㄝࠖ㸪ᩍ ⫱㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤ㸪ᮾி㸪16 㡫 㸦2㸧ᆏ⏣௮Ặࡢࠕḟࡢᨵṇࡣࠊᪧἲࡢᨵṇ࠸࠺ᙧ ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ๓ᩥࢆྵࡴ㠃ᨵṇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᐇୖࠊ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢไᐃ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠋ᪂ἲࡢไᐃ࠸࠺ᙧᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡏࡎᨵṇࡋ ࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊಶேࡢᑛཝࠊே᱁ࡢᡂࠊᖹⓗ࡞ᅜ ᐙࠊ♫ࡢᙧᡂ࠸ࡗࡓᪧᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢ⌮ᛕࢆ⥅ ᢎࡍࡿጼໃࢆෆእ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ 㸦๓ᥖࠊ ࠗ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲᩥゎㄝ࠘9 㡫㸧࠸࠺ ㄽᚑ࠸ࠊ ࠕ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖࡪࠋ 㸦3㸧Ლ⏣ཿ୍㸸2008㸪ࠗ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ⌮ᛕ ࠼࡞࠸ࠋヰࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊከࡃࡢసရࢆ⣲ᮦ ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡇࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ┠ⓗ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮࣡ࢡ ࡲ࡛ᐇࡍࡿࡇࡣ㛫ⓗཝࡋ࠸ࡶゝࢃࢀ ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࡑࡢᚋࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚ࠊ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ㸿㹊ᆺᤵᴗ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿࡣ࠺ࡍ 92 ㄢ㢟࠘Ɇ☜࡞Ꮫຊࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆɆ㸪 ᅗ᭩ᩥ♫㸪ᮾி㸪㸵㡫 㸦4㸧ᣋ✏㸸2010㸪㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛₇ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋 Ꮫ⣖せ➨ 9 ྕ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ㣴࠺ ᪉⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ₇ࠖࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᥦゝࢆ ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦5㸧ụ⏣⪔స㸸2015㸪ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ⫱ࡴᏛࡢ ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࠖ Ỉ♫㸪ᗈᓥ㸪6 㡫 㸦6㸧ᰗຬ࣭ᇼỤᛅ㐨࣭ᒣᮏఙ㸸2011㸪ࠕᅜㄒ ⛉ᣦᑟἲࡢᐇ㊶㈨ᩱࠖ㸪ᩥ♫㸪ᮾி㸪11 㡫 㸦7㸧⏕㔝㔠୕㸸2008㸪ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲɆᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࡢᇶ♏ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࣮ࠖ㸪ࠗⓑ㮆Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ 㒊ㄽ㞟࠘㸰㸦㸯㸧㸪37-56 㡫 㸦8㸧ᮏᏛࡣᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡀ᪂タࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠕᅜ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘࡼࡾ㛤ㅮࠋᒚಟ⪅ࡣ 22 ᖺᗘ㹼27 ᖺᗘࡢ㡰࡛ࠊ2࣭3࣭3࣭2࣭4࣭1 ྡ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ28 ᖺᗘࡣ 4 ྡࡀ๓Ⓩ㘓ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦9㸧ేタᰯࡢ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒ⛉ࡢᑓ௵ᩍㅍࡋ ࡚ࠊ 61 ᖺᗘࡽᖹᡂ 14 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࠊࡉࡽྠ ᰯࡢᰯ㛗ࡋ࡚ᖹᡂ 15 ᖺᗘࡽᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ ዊ⫋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ 㸦10㸧㔠ᏊᏲ㸸1997㸪ࠕᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡽぢࡓᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢ ၥ㢟 ࠗᅜㄒ⛉ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢㄢ㢟࠘ࠖ㸪᫂ᅗ᭩ 㸪 ᮾி㸪204 㡫 㸦11㸧㒔⠏つᖾ㸸2011㸪ࠕࠗᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࠘ࡢᤵᴗᨵ ၿ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ Ɇ⚾❧Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࣮ࠖ㸪 ࠗ᪩ ✄⏣ᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉⣖せ࠘ ู 19 ྕɆ1㸪 251-262 㡫 㒔⠏Ặࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯࡢᅜㄒᩍ⫱ᦠࢃࡿ ከࡃࡢᩍᖌࡀࠕ୍⯡⣔ࡢᏛᏛ㒊Ꮫ⛉ࡢฟ㌟⪅࡛ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ⚾Ꮫᩍ⫱◊✲ᡤࡢㄪᰝ ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡀࠕㄞࡴ ࡇࠖ೫ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇࠖࡸࠕヰࡍࡇ࣭ ⪺ࡃࡇࠖࡢᣦᑟࡀ㊊ࡀࡕ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦12㸧ᮏ✏ࢆᡂࡍ࠶ࡓࡾࠊᢸᙜ⪅ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦13㸧ᒣ⩏㸸2012㸪ࠕⰰᕝ㱟அࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡢㄒ ࡾࢆ࠺ㄞࡴࠖ ࠗᩥᏛࡀᩍ⫱࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࣮ ࠕㄞࡴࡇࠖࡢ⛎㛋ࠑࡦࡸࡃࠒɆ࠘㸪 ᩍ⫱ฟ∧ ᰴᘧ♫㸪ᮾி㸪208 㡫 㸦14㸧ἲᨻᏛ࣭㥖⃝Ꮫ࣭ᡂ㋣Ꮫ࣭ᮾிዪᏊᏛ࣭ ᪥ᮏᏛࡢ㸳ࡘࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ 㸦15㸧ᑠᯘࡩࡳᏊ࣭୰ᔱ┿ஓ࣭୰㔝㈗ᩥ࣭ᖹ㔝ከᜨ㸸 2015㸪ࠕྂᩥᏛࢆࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛ࡲ ࡞ࡪࠖ㸪࣏࣮ࠗࣜࢺ➟㛫㹌o.㸳㸶࠘㸪➟㛫᭩㝔㸪 ᮾி㸪5-8 㡫 㸦16㸧ᮡᮏ┤⨾㸸2015㸪ࠕㄢ㢟ゎỴⓗ࡞ゝㄒάືࡢ୍ ᒙࡢᐇࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠖ㸪ࠗ⥲ྜᩍ⫱ ᢏ⾡࠘㸪ᑠᏛ㤋㸪ᮾி㸪24-25 㡫 㸨ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖࠕ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟ࠖࠕᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ ㆟ࠖࠕ⮫ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟ࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࠖࡢᮏᩥ ᘬ⏝ࡣࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡼࡿࠋ 㸨ᮏᏛࡢࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢෆᐜグ㏙㝿ࡋ࡚ࠊ 2015 ᖺᗘࡢࢩࣛࣂࢫࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓࠋ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 93 ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology ʊA study of Nurturing Practical Teaching Abilitiesʊ Kazue Hattori≍ 1 ⁅⁛‒ As teachers of elementary and secondary levels, our mission is to guide children to discover issues and solve them by themselves in order to cultivate children to become self-fulfilled, as well as contribute to society by extending their abilities and potential while cooperating and collaborating with people through life. Teachers with practical teaching abilities, those who are able to provide guidance to students through the stages of development of children, are currently in demand. However, it is not easy for university students, those who desire to be teachers, to acquire practical teaching abilities naturally through working in future educational environments. The base of practical teaching abilities should be nurtured for four years in university. The university provides the instruction for “the subjects related to teacher teaching” and “the courses related to certain subject areas” by dividing the four-year course into five stages in order to acquire practical teaching abilities. This study will examine the purpose and content of each of the five stages and consider the importance of a trial lesson, which is introduced in “Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology” ( instructed by the author ) to learn practical teaching abilities. In addition to this, this study will refer to “Active Learning,” a method of instruction that encourages children to learn independently, which is currently proposed to be introduced to elementary and secondary education. äääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… Practical Teaching Abilities, the Subjects Related to Teacher Teaching, Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology, Trial Lesson, Active Learning Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts kaichi International University KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 95 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ إԓ∝૰ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒ ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᪦ಏಅ↗ᡲઃↆ⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↄ↻јྙႎሥಏ֥Ꮛ૾ඥ‒ ჽဋ‒ ̲ɟ1 ≕≓≓≘࠰≗உⅺ↸ྵ↖↭נࠊᏋۀՃ˟↚ѮѦ≏ࠊϋ≗≕ఄ↝ܖݱఄӏ↢ɶܖఄ≕≓ఄ≏᭗ ሁܖఄ≔ఄ↝᪦ಏᏋ↚↓ⅳ↕ਦݰяᚕ⇁ⅹↂ↙→↕ⅼ⅛ↂ↝≔≓࠰᧓↖⇁←↱↘܇ӕ↹ࠇⅾ ٻ↞ؾⅼⅾ̖͌≏↹↾٭ᚇⅻٶಮ҄≏᪦ಏѣ↚ⅱ↕↸↻↺᧓↞Ҟถↆ↕ⅳ↺⅛↝ɶ↖≏↷ ↹ჺ᧓↖Ꮛјௐⅻɥⅻ→ਦ૾ݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋ⅛↺ↈݑ ‒ இИ↚᧓↝̅ⅳ૾⇁ᙸႺↈ⅛↝←↱↘܇ѣ⇁ↇ→ⅾ↹↗ᚇ≏↗↺ↈݑᬛ↙ѣⅼⅻᙸⅷ↕ ⅾ↺⅛↝ᬛ⇁ોծↈ↺ↂ↗↚↷→↕≏ጀ፼᧓⇁࠰᧓ૠҗ᧓ↈ↳فↂ↗ⅻ↖ⅼ↺⅛ഏ↚јௐ ႎ↙ܱោ↗ↆ↕ձⅤ̿᪦⇁ज़ↇ↕≆ॖԛ↝ⅱ↺ؕᄽጀ፼⇁ⅹↂ↙ⅵⅥղⅤ̾⅝↝ڌඥӼɥᏋ૾ඥ ોծⅥճⅤ⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↄ↻ӳڌਦݰඥⅥմⅤ⇙∙⇕∞∑↝ጀ፼૾ඥ∝∁∞∑μ˳⇁ɥ↚᪪ⅺ↊ ↺૾ඥⅥյⅤቇҥ↙⇟⇙⇈∐∞⇭⇉∙⇖૾ඥⅥնⅤਦੱↈ↺ᐯЎ↝⇁ۋᐯЎ↝Ⴘ↖ᙸ↕≆ज़ↇ↕Ⅵ շⅤڌᎍⅺ↸ᩉ↻ئ↖Ꭾⅳ↕↮↺Ⅵո࣭չⅤ᪦ಏ↝ಅ↗↝ᡲઃⅥ⇁ܱោإԓ⅛ ‒ ↂ↻↸↝ܱោإԓ⇁↱↗↚ჺ᧓↖Ꮛјௐ⇁ɥↁ↺↰↝φ˳ႎ૾ඥ↳И࣎ᎍ↝јௐႎਦݰ ૾ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝↱↘܇ᐻԛ᧙࣎⇁᭗↰↺↗↗↱↚≏ᐯ↸᪦ಏᘙྵↈ↺↷↼ↂ↢ⅻ˳ज़↖ⅼ↺Ꮛ૾ ඥ⇁⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↆ⅛ äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ܖݱఄ ሥಏ֥ ஙሥಏ֥ ಏ֥ јௐႎਦݰඥ ࡣࡌࡵ ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ⛉Ꮫ♫ࡢ㐍Ṍక࠸ᩍ⫱ ࡢ᪉ἲࡸෆᐜࡶኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋேࠎࡢ౯್ほࡶ 㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺ㸲᭶ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ ົ㸪ᕷෆ㸲㸰ᰯࡢᑠᏛᰯཬࡧ୰Ꮫᰯ㸰㸮ᰯࠊ 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸯ᰯࡢ㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦᑟຓゝࢆ࠾ ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡶኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ≉ᨺㄢᚋ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ㔠⟶ࢡ ࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࡶ㸯㸮ᖺ๓ẚ࡚ ࡁࡃኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫࡛Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡣ ‒ ࡼࡾ୍ᒙከᵝࡍࡿ୰㸪㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛ ‒ 2015 ࠰ 10 உ 13 ଐӖྸ A Study on the Effective Teaching Method of Wind and Percussion Instruments at Elementary schools. *1 Shuichi Ishida ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᢿ ‒ ࣈࡢάືࡶ♫ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ኚ࠼࡚࠸ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ຊ 96 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪༠ㄪᛶࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ឤᛶࢆ㧗ࡵ㸪 άື㈝⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ഛရᴦჾ㉎ධ㈝ࡣᕷ㈝㸪ᴦ ே㛫㛵ಀࢆᏛࡪࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ྿ዌᴦάືࢆ⦰ᑠ ㆕ࡸᾘ⪖ရ㈝➼ࡣಖㆤ⪅㈇ᢸ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯ ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢᨺㄢᚋ ࡀከ࠸ࠋ྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ཧຍࡍࡿሙྜ㸪 ࡢάື㛫ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛㔠⟶ࢡࣛ ┴ࡲ࡛ࡣඣ❺ࡢ㏻㈝㸪ᴦჾ㐠ᦙ㈝ࡣᕷ㈝ ࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ ࡛㈝⏝ࡢ㸴⛬ᗘ⿵ຓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┴௨ୖ ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡓࡵࡣࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ ࡢ㐍ࢇࡔሙྜࡣ㏻㈝㸪ᴦჾ㐠ᦙ㈝㸪ᐟ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ Ἡ㈝ࡣฟሙඣ❺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡰ㢠ᕷ㈝ ඣ❺ࡀ⟶ᡴᴦჾ⯆ࢆᣢࡕ㸪㡢ᴦࡢࡍࡤࡽ ࡛⿵ຓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚⮬ࡽᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ព ᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࡋ࡚ࡢᣦᑟయไࡣᣦᑟㄢᢸ ḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡣᩍ⛉ࡢᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ ᙜ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ㡢ᴦᤵᴗ➼㸪ᣦᑟ㸦㡢ᴦᢸᙜ㸧 ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀᩍဨᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺せㄳゼၥࠋᩍဨ,ඣ❺⏕ 㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛㸪⚾ࡀᑠᏛ⏕࠾ࡇ ᚐ┤᥋ᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺไᗘ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᣦᑟ࡛㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ▷㛫࡛ຠᯝ (ྛᏛᰯࡽᩍ⫱ጤဨᣦᑟㄢ㟁ヰ࡛┤᥋౫ ࡀ࡛ࡓࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ 㢗㸪ᣦᑟ᪥ࡢ᪥ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺไᗘࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸲ᖺ⏕ึᚰ 㸯᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿ⟶ᡴᴦჾᩍ⫱ࡢ ⌧≧ 㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺ㸷᭶㸯᪥⌧ᅾ㸪᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰 ᰯඣ❺ᩘࡣ㸰㸯㸳㸰㸳ேࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ྿ዌᴦࢡ ࣛࣈ㸪㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ᩘࡣ㸯㸷 㸴㸰ே࡛ඣ❺ᩘࡢ⣙㸷ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᯽ ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ≉タࢡࣛࣈධ㒊࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ㸲ᖺ ⏕௨ୖ࡛㸪㸲ᖺ⏕㸴㸳㸯ே㸪㸳ᖺ⏕㸴㸱㸷ே㸪 㸴ᖺ⏕㸴㸵㸰ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰ᰯ୰㸪྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣ㸱㸰ᰯ࡛᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯࡢ ⣙㸵㸴ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᯽ᕷ⊂⮬࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ࡢ₇ዌⓎ⾲ᶵࡣ 㸳᭶ࠕࡋࢃᕷẸⱁ⾡⚍ࠖ 㸦๓ᖺᗘࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ ➼࡛≉ඃ⚽࡞ᡂ⦼࡛࠶ࡗࡓᏛᰯࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿ 㸯㹼㸰ᰯ⛬ᗘ㸧 ࠊ㸴᭶ࠕ᯽ᕷᑠ୰㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㡢ᴦ ࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝࠖ㸦ᖺ,ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰ᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 㸰㸮ᰯ㸪ィ㸴㸰ᰯ୰㸪ᕼᮃไ࡛㸱㸮ᰯ⛬ᗘࡀཧ ຍ㸧ࠊ㸯㸮᭶ࠕ᯽ᕷᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㡢ᴦⓎ⾲ࠖ㸦㸲 ᪥㛫࡛᯽ᕷ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㸴㸰ᰯࡍ࡚ࡀཧຍ㸧ࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋ ⪅ࡢᣦᑟࡸ㸳㸪㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢࢯࣟࡸྜዌᣦᑟࡶ┤᥋ ⾜࠺ࠋࡉࡽࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ࡢ㑅᭤ࡸᣦἲࡘ ࠸࡚ࡶࢻࣂࢫࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ẖᖺ㸴᭶㸰᪥㛫ྛᏛᰯࡽᕼᮃ⪅ࢆ ເ㞟㸪ᕷෆ၏୍ࡢᕷ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯ྿ዌᴦ㒊ࡢ⏕ᚐ ྜྠ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ ᩥㄢദ㸧 ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪 ࠕ᯽ሿࠖࡼࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ྿ዌᴦ㸪㔠⟶ࣂࣥࢻࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࡸྜዌ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚ᑠᏛ⏕ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕ࡶࡇࡢࠕ᯽ ሿࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡃᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ࣥࢶ࣮࣐ ࣥࡢ⦎⩦ࡸࣃ࣮ࢺ⦎⩦㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ྜዌࠋᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ ▐ࡃ㛫㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ㡢Ⰽ㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋ㸰᪥┠ ࡢ᭱ᚋᡂᯝⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࢧ࣮ࢺࢆᑠᏛ⏕㧗 ᰯ⏕ྜྠࡢྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡈ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ 㸦ྛࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉࡣᑠᏛ⏕⣙㸲㸮ே㸪㧗ᰯ⏕⣙㸲㸮ே࡛ᵓᡂ㸪 ᖺ㸲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⛬ᗘ㸧ࠋࡑࡢ㸪᯽ᕷࡣࠕ㒊άື ᣦᑟ⪅ὴ㐵ᴗࠖࡋ࡚ྛᴦჾࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢆྛᏛ ᰯὴ㐵ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ┤᥋ᣦᑟࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 97 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ≉タ䜽䝷䝤䠄྿ዌᴦ䞉㔠⟶䠅άື≧ἣㄪᰝ䛻䛴䛔䛶 Ꮫᰯྡ ேᩘ 䠐ᖺ 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻝 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻡 㻝㻢 㻝㻣 㻝㻤 㻝㻥 㻞㻜 㻞㻝 㻞㻞 㻞㻟 㻞㻠 㻞㻡 㻞㻢 㻞㻣 㻞㻤 㻞㻥 㻟㻜 㻟㻝 㻟㻞 㻟㻟 㻟㻠 㻟㻡 㻟㻢 㻟㻣 㻟㻤 㻟㻥 㻠㻜 㻠㻝 㻠㻞 䠑ᖺ ᑠᏛᰯ ᮾ㛵ᮾ ⟶ᴦྜ 㼀㻮㻿䝁 䝞䞁䝗 㻺㻴㻷䝁 ྿ዌᴦ ྿ዌᴦ ዌ䝁䞁 䞁䜽䞊 䝣䜵䝇 䞁䜽䞊 䠒ᖺ 䝁䞁䜽 䝁䞁䜽 䝔䝇䝖 䞊䝹 䝹 䝔䜱䝞 䝹 䞊䝹 䝹 㻡㻟 㻣㻡 㻠㻥 㻢㻣 㻢㻠 㻟㻥 㻡㻜 㻠㻝 㻣㻞 㻣㻜 㻝㻢 㻡㻞 㻡㻞 㻡㻞 㻟㻣 㻣㻣 㻢㻢 㻢㻜 㻠㻠 㻠㻥 㻢㻟 㻟㻥 㻟㻥 㻠㻟 㻝㻠 㻞㻤 㻡㻥 㻠㻝 㻠㻥 㻠㻟 㻢㻟 㻞㻞 㻢㻢 㻠㻥 㻠㻟 㻝㻥 㻝 㻡㻤 㻟㻜 㻝㻥 㻟㻣 㻡㻞 㻝㻡 㻞㻢 㻝㻟 㻞㻜 㻞㻟 㻝㻢 㻞㻠 㻝㻜 㻟㻤 㻟㻜 㻡 㻞㻝 㻝㻤 㻝㻢 㻥 㻞㻜 㻝㻡 㻣 㻝㻥 㻝㻜 㻞㻞 㻝㻜 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻠 㻝㻜 㻝㻡 㻝㻝 㻝㻤 㻝㻟 㻝㻣 㻢 㻞㻞 㻝㻤 㻞㻝 㻝㻜 㻜 㻝㻡 㻝㻞 㻠 㻝㻞 㻞㻥 㻞㻝 㻞㻤 㻞㻝 㻞㻣 㻝㻟 㻝㻜 㻝㻜 㻝㻞 㻝㻞 㻝㻣 㻠 㻝㻟 㻝㻣 㻞㻡 㻝㻟 㻞㻢 㻞㻠 㻞㻢 㻝㻝 㻝㻤 㻞㻜 㻝㻢 㻝㻞 㻝㻞 㻣 㻢 㻞㻣 㻞㻞 㻝㻣 㻝㻠 㻞㻞 㻢 㻞㻜 㻝㻢 㻝㻜 㻟 㻜 㻞㻝 㻣 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻞 㻝㻣 㻞㻝 㻝㻡 㻞㻜 㻞㻤 㻝㻟 㻝㻢 㻝㻥 㻞㻞 㻞㻟 㻣 㻝㻤 㻝㻣 㻝㻝 㻝㻡 㻟㻝 㻞㻣 㻞㻣 㻝㻠 㻞㻝 㻞㻝 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻣 㻟 㻝㻞 㻝㻣 㻤 㻝㻠 㻝㻢 㻞㻠 㻝㻜 㻞㻠 㻝㻡 㻝㻞 㻢 㻝 㻞㻞 㻝㻝 㻢 㻝㻟 㻝㻝 㻝㻥㻢㻞 㻢㻡㻝 㻢㻟㻥 㻢㻣㻞 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䛭䛾 ᪥ᮏᏛᰯྜዌ䝁䞁䜽䞊䝹 䕿 ⟶ᴦჾྜዌ䝣䜵䝇䝔䜱䝞䝹 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 ༓ⴥ┴྿ዌᴦ㐃┕㻢㻜࿘ᖺグᛕ₇ዌ 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 ᪥ᮏᏛᰯྜዌ䝁䞁䜽䞊䝹 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿 98 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ࣭㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ㸪྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈඣ❺ࡢࣥࢣ ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ 㸦1㸧ఱࢡࣛࣈ࡛ࡍࠋ 㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ 37% ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈ 63% 㸦2㸧1 ᪥ࡢ⦎⩦㛫ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 1 㛫௨ෆ 11% 1 㛫 30 ศ௨ෆ 65% 2 㛫௨ୖ 24% 㸦3㸧㸯㐌㛫ࡢ⦎⩦ᅇᩘࡣఱᅇ࡛ࡍࠋ 1 ᅇ 0% 2 ᅇ 0% 3 ᅇ 1% 4 ᅇ 24% 5 ᅇ௨ୖ 75% 㸦4㸧ᅵ᪥⚃᪥ࡢ⦎⩦ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᅵ᭙᪥ 31㸣 ᪥᭙᪥ 5㸣 ⚃᪥ 2㸣 ࡞ࡋ 62㸣 㸦5㸧྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝฟሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 76% ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 24% 㸦6㸧㒊㈝ࡣ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ 6% 㞟ࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 94% 㸦7㸧㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࡣᴦࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࡣ࠸ 96% ࠸࠸࠼ 4% 㸦8㸧 ࠕ࠸࠸࠼ࠖ⟅࠼ࡓேࡣࢇ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ḷࡀࡓࡔࡽ 31 ே ḷ࠺ࡇࡀࡁࡽ࠸ࡔࡽ 18 ே ࢜ࣥࢳࡔࡽ 15 ே 㡢➢ࡀㄞࡵ࡞࠸ࡽ 16 ே ࣮࢚࢜࣎ 13 ே ࣇࢦࢵࢺ 11 ே ࢡࣛࣜ ࢿࢵࢺ 226 ே ࣂࢫࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺ 11 ே ࢧ ࢵࢡࢫ 274 ே ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫ 122 ே ࢸ ࢼ࣮ࢧࢵࢡࢫ 89 ே ࣂࣜࢺࣥࢧࢵࢡࢫ 36 ே ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ 249 ே ࢥࣝࢿࢵࢺ 206 ே ࣍ࣝࣥ 173 ே ࣝࢺ࣍ࣝࣥ 141 ே ࢺ࣮ࣟࣥ࣎ࣥ 173 ே ࣮ࣘࣇ࢛ࢽ࣒ 96 ே ࢳ࣮ࣗࣂ 123 ே ࡑࡢ 86 ே ࡑࡢ ࣂ࢜ࣜࣥ 28 ே ⍆ 18 ே 㟁Ꮚ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 10 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 4 ே ࣮࣋ࢫ 3 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 3 ே ࣁ࣮ࣉ 2 ே ࢥࣥࢺࣛࣂࢫ 2 ே ᘻ ᴦჾ 2 ே ࢚ࣞ࢟ࢠࢱ࣮ 2 ே ࢘ࢡࣞࣞ 2 ே ࢻ࣒ࣛ 2 ே ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢜ࣥ 1 ே ࢜ ࢝ࣜࢼ 1 ே ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ே ࢝ࢫࢱࢿࢵࢺ 1 ே ࣃࣉ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ே ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝ 1 ே ᴦჾ 1 ே ኴ㰘 1 ே 㸦11㸧Ꮫᰯ௨እ࡛㡢ᴦࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 38% ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 62% 㸦12㸧⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟅࠼ࡓேࡣఱࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ 㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ࣆࣀ 572 ே 㟁Ꮚ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 81 ே ᴦჾ 29 ே ࡑࡢ 63 ே ࡑࡢ ྜၐ 10 ே ࣂ࢜ࣜࣥ 9 ே ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ 8 ே ࢻ࣒ࣛ 7 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 4 ே ḷ 4 ே ࢘ࢡࣞࣞ 2 ே ࢧ࢟ࢯࣇ࢛ࣥ 4 ே ࢺࣟࣥ ࣮࣎ࣥ 1 ே ᡴᴦჾ 1 ே ࣍ࣝࣥ 1 ே ᘻᴦჾ 1 ே ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ 1 ே ᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿࡇࡀࡓࡔࡽ 7 ே 㸦9㸧㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ୍࡛␒ᴦࡋࡗࡓࡇࡣ࡞ࢇ࡛ ࡍࠋ 㸦13㸧ሿࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 38% ࡼࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 62% ḷࡗࡓࡇ 18% ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡋࡓࡇ 64% Ꮫ⩦ሿ 269 ே බᩥ 92 ே ⱥㄒ 84 ே ࡑࢁࡤࢇ 42 ே ⩦Ꮠ࣭᭩㐨 39 ே ⟬ᩘ 35 ே Ꮫ◊ 33 ே ỈὋ 30 ே ᅜㄒ 26 ே ࣂ࢚ࣞ 5 ே ࢺࣛ 5 ே ࢲࣥࢫ 5 ே ✵ᡭ 4 ே ᪂య᧯ 3 ே ࢸࢽࢫ 3 ே ᑗᲦ 3 ே ♫ 2 ே ᐙᗞᩍᖌ 2 ே ࢳ ࢲࣥࢫ 2 ே 㔝⌫ 2 ே ྜẼ㐨 1 ே ࣎ ࣮ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ 1 ே ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ 1 ே ᪥⯙ 1 ே ⓒே୍㤳 1 ே ⌮⛉ 1 ே ᅗᕤ 1 ே 㐨 1 ே ࢺ࢚ࣜ 1 ே ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ 1 ே ࢧࢵ࣮࢝ 1 ே ࣎ࢹ࣮࣮࣎ࢻ 1 ே ᩱ ⌮ 1 ே ୍㍯㌴ 1 ே 㡢ᴦࢆࡁ࠸ࡓࡇ 18% 㸦10㸧ዲࡁ࡞ᴦჾࡣఱ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ 488 ே 㘽┙ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝ 97 ே ࣆࣀ 485 ே ᡴᴦჾ 453 ே ⟶ᴦჾ 965 ே ⟶ᴦჾ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ࡚ 32 ே ᮌ⟶ᴦჾ 111 ே 㔠⟶ᴦჾ 133 ே ࣆࢵࢥࣟ 17 ே ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ 338 ே 99 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ಖ⟶ሙᡤฟධࡾཱྀ㏆⏝㢖ᗘࡢᑡ࡞࠸ᡴ 㸰㸬▷㛫࡛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ ࡇࢀࡽᣲࡆࡿ⦎⩦᪉ἲࡣ㸪᯽ᕷࡢࠕࣃ࣮ࢯ ࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖᴗࡋ࡚㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫᰯࢆᣦᑟ ຓゝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡽࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡋࡓᏛᰯࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ ࣝ࡞࡛ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸⤖ᯝࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㒊άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ ⫱ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ ษ࡞ࡇࡣ㡢ᴦࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ே㛫ᩍ⫱ࢆࡍࡿࡇࠖ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ㸪ᖾࡏ࡞ே⏕ࢆ㏦ ࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㒊άື࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᣦᑟ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ㏙ ࡿࠕຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲࠖࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿▷㛫࡛ ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑠᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛࣈάືࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿඛ⏕᪉ࡽࡼ ࡃᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿᝎࡳࡣḟࡢࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ձ ⦎⩦㛫ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪ࢇ࡞⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡓࡽࡼ ᴦჾ➼ࡢᆺᴦჾࡀ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ฟධཱྀ ㏆ࡀΰ㞧ࡋ࡚↓㥏࡞㛫ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑ ࢀࡽࡢᴦჾࢆዟᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡁฟධཱྀࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔ ࡅᗈࡃࡾ㸪㏻ᖖ⏝ࡍࡿᴦჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢฟ ධཱྀ㏆ࡶࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡉࡽ㸪ྜዌࡢࡁ㡢 ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌᐊ㸧ࡢฟධࡾཱྀࡽ୍␒㐲࠸ሙᡤ 㓄⨨ࡍࡿᴦჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤฟධཱྀ㏆ಖ⟶ࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ື⥺ࢆ☜ㄆ㸪ࡑ ࢀࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚Ᏻࡘࡍࡳࡸ⛣ືࡍࡿ⦎ ⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪‽ഛᚋ∦ࡅࡢ 㛫ࡣ୕ศࡢ୍▷⦰࡛ࡁࡓᏛᰯࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸯 ᅇࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ‽ഛᚋ∦ࡅ㛫ࢆ㸯㸮ศ▷⦰ࡍࡿ ࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᖺ㛫ࡍࡿ㐌㸲᪥㸪ᖺ㛫㸰㸳 㐌࡛⦎⩦᪥ࡣᖺ㛫㸯㸮㸮᪥ࠋ㸯㸮ศ㸯㸮㸮᪥ 㸻⣙㸯㸴㛫ࢆྜዌ⦎⩦࠶࡚ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձ ࠸ࠋ ղ ᴦ᭤ࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿᙜࡓࡾ㸪ࢇ࡞ࡇẼࢆ ࡘࡅࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ 㹼ಸ㡢ࢆឤࡌ࡚㸟ពࡢ࠶ࡿᇶ♏⦎⩦㹼 ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ ᐇ㝿㸪ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ⦎⩦㛫ࡀࢀࡿࡢࠋ ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡋ࡚㸪Bݟdur ࡢ㡢㝵ࢆ㸪ప㡢Ѝ ࠼ࡤ A ᑠᏛᰯࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࡔࠋ ୰ప㡢Ѝ୰㡢Ѝ㧗㡢ࡢ㡰㔜ࡡࡿ᪉ἲࢆࡿᑠ ᖹ᪥ ᮅ 7㸸25㹼8㸸00 Ꮫᰯࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪⚾ࡀᣦᑟ⾜ ᨺㄢᚋ 㐌㸯ᗘ 15㸸15㹼17㸸00 ࡁጞࡵࡓ㡭ࡣ㸪௬ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ ࡑࡢ 16㸸00㹼17㸸00 ࡶ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ⌮ゎࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 㸦10 ᭶㹼2 ᭶ࡢᨺㄢᚋࡣࡰ⦎⩦ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧 ࡀከࡗࡓࠋ ᅵ᭙᪥ 5㹼7 ᭶ 9㹼11 ᭶ ༗๓୰ࡢࡳ⦎⩦ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕᢞࡆࡅࡿࠋ 㸦᪥᭙⚃᪥ࡣ⦎⩦࡞ࡋ㸧 ࠕࡳࢇ࡞㹼㸟ⷧ࠸ịࡢୖࡗࡓࡇ࠶ࡿ㸽ࡶ ࡋࡶ㸪ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ┠ࡢ๓ịࡢᙇࡗࡓ†ࡀ࠶ࡿ 㹼ࡲࡎࡣ㛫ࡢ࠸᪉ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡽ㹼 ᴦჾಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻 Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢື⥺☜ㄆ ⛣ື⦎⩦ ࡋ࡚ࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡔࡗࡓࡽ㸪ࢇ࡞㢼ࡇࡢୖ ࡾࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ ࡇࡢ㉁ၥᑐࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶࡣࡓࢇ➗㢦࡞ ࡿࠋ ࠕࡣ࠸㸟ịࡀࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡑࡗࡾࡲࡍࠖ 㡢ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌᐊ㸧㞄᥋ࡍࡿᴦჾಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢ ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇ࠺⟅࠼ࡿࠋ ࠕࡌࡷ࠶ࡡࠊࡑ࣮ࡗࡿ ᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻ࡣࡇࡢᏛᰯࡶᴫࡡᩚ↛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ ࡼ࠺ࠊࡑ࣮ࡗ㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࢇࡔࡼࠖ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋ㒊ဨࡀ㸲㸮ྡࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᏛᰯ࠾ ࢳ࣮ࣗࣂ࣭ࣂࣜࢺࣥࢧࢵࢡࢫ࣭ࣂࢫࢡࣛࣜࢿ ࠸࡚ࡣಖ⟶ሙᡤࡽᴦჾࢆฟࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࡀጞࡲࡿ ࢵࢺ࡞ࡢప㡢⩌ࡀࡑࡗ Bࡢݟ㡢ࢆฟࡍࠋࡑ ࡲ࡛⣙㸯㸮ศࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⦎⩦⤊ᚋ㸪ᴦ ࡢᚋࡽ୰ప㡢ࡀࡑࡗධࡿࠋึࡵࡣᜥࡀධࡽ ჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤ∦ࡅ⤊ࢃࡿࡲ࡛⣙㸯㸮ศࠋ ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡇࡢゝⴥࡦࡘ࡛Ꮚ 100 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ࡶࡓࡕࡣ↓⌮࡞ࡃࢱࣥࢠࣥࢢࢆࡋ㸪ᑀ࡞ዌἲ ዌ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ኚᐜࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ࠕ㡢ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿឤぬࠖࡀ⮬ ዌࡢ᪉ἲ ↛㌟ࡘࡃࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪ୖᡭ྿ࡅࡿ㸴ᖺ⏕ A ࡉࢇ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࠶ ࡇࢀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㸪ḟ ࡲࡾ࠺ࡲࡃ྿ࡅ࡞࠸㸳ᖺ⏕ࡢ B ࡉࢇ㸪࣌ࢆ ࠕಸ㡢ࠖࢆព㆑ࡉࡏࡿࠋBࡢݟ㡢ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ ⤌ࡲࡏࡿࠋࡢ㒊ဨࡣ┠㞃ࡋࢆࡋ࡚㸪ேࡢ㡢 ࡃሙྜࡣ㸪㸳ᗘୖࡢࠕF 㡢ࠖࢆࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫ ࢆ⪺ࡁẚࡿࠋ ࡞ࡢᴦჾ࡛྿ࡏ㸪ಸ㡢ࢆព㆑ࡉࡏࡿࠋ ձ A ࡉࢇ㸦㸴ᖺ⏕㸧ࡀ࣡ࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ྿ࡃࠋ 㸦㞴 ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫࡀࠕF 㡢ࠖࢆ྿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ⮬ ↛ಸ㡢ࡀ⫈ࡁྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ࡋࡵࡓࡶ ࡢࠋᐇ㝿ㄡࡶ྿࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕಸ㡢ࠖࡀ㡪ࡃࡇ 㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ㦫ࡃጼ ࡋ࠸᪕ᚊࡣ㸯ᑠ⠇ࢆ༢ࡍࡿ㸧 ղ B ࡉࢇ㸦㸳ᖺ⏕㸧ࡀࡑࡢᚋྠࡌࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࢆ ྿ࡃࠋ ճ ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡢ₇ዌࡣࡕࡽࡀ A ࡉࢇࡢ ࡶ┠ࡋࡓࠋ㡢⛬ࡀྜ࠼ࡤྜ࠺ࡓࡃࡉࢇࠕಸ ₇ዌࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ 㡢ࠖࡣ㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋᚋࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡇࡢၥ࠸ṤࡢᏊࡶࡀ㸪㛫㐪࠼ࡎ⫈ࡁ ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓᣦᑟ⪅ࡽ㸪 ࠕ࠶ࡢࡣ㸪ಸ㡢ࡢࡁࡁ ᙜ࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ ࠕึࡵࡀ A ࡉࢇࡔᛮ࠺ࠋ㡢 ࡾࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᏊࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪࡛ࡣ ࡀ㐪࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࠖ ဨࡀಸ㡢Ẽ࡙ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㡢ࡶ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ㸪 ཌࡳࡀ࡛࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠖࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⮬↛࠸࠸㡢ࡢ࠺ࡶ࠺୍ேࡢ㡢ࡣᐤࡗ ࡲࡓ㸪㡢㝵⦎⩦ࡣᐇ㝿ḷ࠺ࡇࡸ㸪࣐࢘ࢫ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸳ᖺ⏕ࡀ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢ㡢㏆࡙ ࣆ࣮ࢫ࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࡇࡶ㠀ᖖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ Ѝḷ Ѝ࣐࢘ࢫࣆ մ ࠕ࡛ࡣࡲࡓ⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡣ┠ࢆ ࣮ࢫ(㔠⟶)Ѝḷ㸦ᮌ⟶㸧Ѝᴦჾࠖ࠸࠺㡰␒࡛ ࡘࡪࡗ࡚ࠋࡕࡽࡀ A ࡉࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠖ 㡢㝵⦎⩦ࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪㡢ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀ 㸳ศࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ☜ᐇ㡢ࡀኚࡋ㸪ࡕࡽࡀ㸴 ኌ࡞ࡾ㸪࣐࢘ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ㡢࡞ࡾ㸪ᴦჾࡢ㡢 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡿ A ࡉࢇࡢ㡢㸪ศࡽ࡞࠸Ꮚ Ⰽࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࠋࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࡶ࡞ࡾࡢຠ ࡶࡀ࡛࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᑠᏛ⏕࡛ࡶࡍࡄ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡺࡃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ⮬ศࡢ⪥ࢆࡓࡼࡾ ࡢࡔࠋࡇࢀࢆẖ᪥ᑡࡋࡎࡘ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪 㸪࠸࠸㡢ࡢࠕࡲࡡࠖࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ㸪ୖ㐩ࡢ㏆ 㡢⛬ឤࡀ㘫࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ 㐨ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᶵࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㏆㞄ࡢ୰Ꮫ ⏕ࡸ㧗ᰯ⏕㸪ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ⏕ࡢ㡢࡛ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶࠕ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲղ 㹼ಶࠎࡢዌἲྥୖ㹼 ᜥࡀධࡽࡎ㸪Ⰻ࠸㡢ࡀ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ ࡞ࡢᑠࡉ࡞ᴦჾ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᗋ㠃ᶓࡓࢃࡾ㸪㊊ ୖࡆࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ྿࠸ࡓࡾ㸪㊊ࢆᗈࡆ๓ᒅࡳ࡞ ࡾ⭡➽ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚྿࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ㸪ⰺࡢ࠶ ࡿ㡢ኚࡍࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆẖᮅ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡸࡽࡏ ࡓࡽ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺࡢ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠖࡢ ዌࠖࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࡉࡽຠᯝⓗࡔࠋ ࠕዌࠖࡣ CD ࡸ DVD ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ▷㛫࡛Ꮚࡶࡓ ࡕࡀୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋ ͤὀ ⦎⩦ࡉࡏࡿ๓ࠊࣥࣈࢵࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿࡇࠋ ྿ཱྀᜥࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊୗ㢡ࡀࡋࢃ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࣐࢘ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ⨨ࡣṇࡋ࠸ ሗ࿌ࡶཷࡅࡓࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ㸪ࡢᴦჾࡶά⏝࡛ࡁ㸪୍␒ዲホ ࡛ຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡗࡓࡢኌࡀ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࡢࡣࠕ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲճ 㹼ྜዌ⦅㹼 101 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ 㹼ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࡱࢇ࡛ࠖ⡆༢ᥗࡵࡿ ͆ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ͇㹼 ࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ₇ዌࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ㸪⫈࠸ ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ఏࢃࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀᣦࢆጞࡵࡿࠋᴦ᭤ࡀጞࡲࡿࡀฟࡔ ࡲࡓ㸪ᙉᙅ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠕࡢ㒊ศࡽ㸪ࡢ ࡋࡀᥞࢃ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ࠸ࡘࡶ࠶ࢃ࡞࠸ ࡼ࠺ࢡࣞࢩ࢙ࣥࢻࢆࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠖ࡞ࢆ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠖ ₇ዌ⪅⣽ࡃᥦ♧ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡲࡲࡗࡓࠕ㡢ࠖ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕᢞࡆࡅࡿࠋ ࡞ࡗ࡚ఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺࣜࣝ࡞ ࠕࡳࢇ࡞㹼㸪ࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ㹼㸽ࡌࡷ࠶㸪ඛ ࡶྠࡌ㸪ఱᅇࡢࡼ࠺₇ዌࡉࡏࡿࡢ㸪୍ ⏕ࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋᚋฟࡋࡋࡕࡷࡔࡵࡔ 㡢୍㡢ࡢ㡢ࡀࡋࡗࡾ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞㸪ᣦ ࡼࠋࡌࡷࢇ㸪ࡅࢇ㸪ࡱࢇ㸟㸟ࠖ ᑟ⪅ࡀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆᣢࡗ࡚ዌࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛Ꮚ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࡀᐇᚓពࡔࠋᬑẁࣜࢬ ࡶࡓࡕࡣࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ ࣒ࡀࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡞Ꮚࡶࡶ㸪࡞ࡐࡌࡷ ࢇࡅࢇࡔࡅࡣࢱ࣑ࣥࢢⰋࡃᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࢆᜥࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖࡢࠕࡅ ࢇ࡛ࠖᜥࢆ྾ࡗ࡚ࠕࡱࢇ࡛ࠖᜥࢆྤࡃࠋࡇࢀࢆ ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࠺ࡕᜥࢆ྾࠺ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢᜥࢆࡔࡍ ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡀྜࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ᐇ㝿ᴦჾ࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋࠕᜥࢆ྾࠺ࢱ࣑ࣥ ࢢࡶྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࠖ㡢ࡀᥞ࠺ࡇࢆ㌟య࡛ឤ ࡌ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ ࡇࡢᚋ㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ࠶ࡿࡈࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖ ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺ࡔࠋࢸ࣏ࣥࡢ㏿࠸᭤㸪㐜 ࠸᭤ࠋࢇ࡞᭤ࡶࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖࢆព㆑ࡉࡏ ࡿࡇ࡛ࠕᜥࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࠖࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪࠺ࡲ ࡃ࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠕ྾ἲࠖ ࢆヰࡍࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡼࡾ㌟㏆࡞ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇ࡛ࠖ㸪 ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲմ 㹼ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ⦅㹼 㹼࣮࣍ࣝయࢆୖᡭ㡪ࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㹼 ࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢࡢ᪉࡛ሙࡢ㡪ࡁࡀኚࢃࡿࠋ ᣦᑟ࠸ࡃ㸪⣲┤࡛ྍឡ࠸ᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ㸪ᣦᑟ ⪅ࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪㌟యࡶ㡢ࡶᣦᑟ⪅ྥ ࠸㐪ឤࢆ࠾ࡰ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ↓㐀స୪ ࡽࢀࡓ᳔Ꮚࠋ᳔Ꮚࡣᣦ⪅ࡢ᪉ྥྥࡅࡽࢀ㸪 ࡑࡇᗙࡿᑠᏛ⏕ࠋᴦჾࡢ㡢ࡣ࡚ᣦᑟ⪅ࡵ ࡀࡅ࡚㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋᡴᴦჾࡢ⨨ࡁ᪉ࡶࡓࡔ⨨ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠋ᭤ࡢྜ㛫ᡴᴦჾࢆࡅᣢࡕࡍ ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㟼࡞₇ዌࡢࡶ࠸ࡗࡓࡾࡁࡓࡾࠋࡇ ࢀ࡛ࡣࡏࡗࡃࡢ㡢ᴦࡶྎ↓ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࡢሙྠࡌࡼ࠺ᑍἲࢆ ࡾ㸪 ᳔Ꮚࢆ⨾ࡋࡃ⨨ࡃࠋࡲࡓ㸪₇ዌ⪅ࡢྥࡁࡦࡘ ࡛ࡶ㡪ࡁࡣኚࢃࡿࠋ᳔Ꮚࡢྥࡁࡢㄪ⠇㸪᳔Ꮚࡢ 㹼࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࢆษ㹼 㡢ᴦࡣ㸪㡢࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃ࢆ₇ࡌࡿࠋఱ✀㢮ࡶ ࡢᴦჾ࡛⾲⌧ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㸪୍ே୍ேࡢゎ㔘㸪 ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐪࠸㸪ࡲࡓ࣮ࢸ࢟ࣗࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㐪ឤࢆ⏕ࡴࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࢆྠࡌࡼ࠺ゎ㔘ࡋ㸪⦎⩦ྲྀࡾධࢀ ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡣ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ゝⴥ⨨ࡁ࠼࡚ࡳࡿࡼࡃศࡿࠋࠕࡣࡋࠖ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕ⠂ࠖࠕᶫ࡛ࠖࡣࡃࡘࡢࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ₇ዌ⪅ࡀྠࡌࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ㸪 㛫㝸ࡀᕥྑᑐ⛠࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡞㸪 ࡃࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢ⦎⩦ࡣḞࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ ᡴᴦჾࡢࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ሙࡢ≉ ᚩྜࢃࡏࡓࡾ㸪⛣ືࡢື⥺ࢆ☜ಖࡋ㸪㐪 ឤࡢ࡞࠸⛣ືࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡶษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᴦჾ 㓄⨨ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦᑟ⪅⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ ࡚㸪ࣂࣥࢻయࡢࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࡀ㇏࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㹼ࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢ㝲ᙧ㹼 ┿ A ࡢዟ㸪ቭୖᕥࡢࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺࡢ㛫㝸ࡀ ⊃ࡗࡓࡾᗈࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣃ࣮࢝ ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ほᐈᖍ᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 102 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋᐇ㝿₇ዌࡍࡿ㡢ࡶ ࡲࡲࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ 㹼㡢ࡇࡔࢃࢁ࠺㸟㸟ᑠ≀ᴦჾ࣭ᡴᴦჾ࣭ ḷኌࡶ㹼 ┿ B ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┿ A ࡼࡾࡶࡁࢀ࠸ࢭ ᭤ࡢྜ㛫㸪୍Ⓨᡴᴦჾ࡞ࡢ㡢ࡀධࡿᴦ᭤ ࢵࢸࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศࡿࠋ ࡣከ࠸ࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᴦ᭤ࡢࠕࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪 ┿ A ࡇࡢࡦࡘࡢ㡢࡛ࡄࡗ᭤ࡀ⥾ࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ࡞㡢ࡣࠕ㬆ࡽࡏࡤⰋ࠸ࠖ ࠸࠺ឤぬ࡛㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪 ࠕᴦჾࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ ࡽᚋᅇࡋࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㧗࠸࠾㔠 ࢆᡶࡗ࡚ᴦჾࢆ㈙࠺ࡇࡀษ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࡑࡢᴦ᭤᭱㐺࡞㡢ࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡏࡤࡼ ࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪࣐ࣛ࢝ࢫࡀἑᒣᚲせ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪✵ ࡁ⨁ࡸ࣌ࢵࢺ࣎ࢺࣝ࠾⡿ࡸ࠶ࡎࡁ࡞Ⰽࠎ࡞ ࡶࡢࢆධࢀ࡚㸪ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ┿ B ࡲࡓ㸪ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ㝈ࡽࡎࠕḷኌࠖࡀᴦ᭤ ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ㸪㠀ḷኌࡇࡔࢃࡗ࡚ࡋ ࠸ࠋࡘ࠸ࡘ࠸ᴦჾ₇ዌຊࢆὀ࠸࡛ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ ࡔࡀ㸪ᴦ᭤ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠕḷኌࠖࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭤ࡣࢇ࡞ࠕኌࠖࡀྜ࠺ ࡢࠋྜၐᅋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢇࡔḷኌࡀྜ࠺ࡢࠊ ḷㅴ᭤ࡢḷ࠸᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ࡢ㸪Ꮚࡶࡽࡋ࠸ኌࡀ Ⰻ࠸ࡢࠋࡦࡘࡢࠕᫎ⏬ࠖࢆ㐀ࡾୖࡆࡿࡁ㸪 ୍ሙ㠃୍ሙ㠃ࡀ≀ㄒࡢⰍࢆฟࡍࡼ࠺㸪㡢ᴦࡶ ྠࡌឤぬ࡛ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ᴦࡇ ₇ዌࡍࡿጼໃࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ ࡚㸪༳㇟ࡸ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࡔࢃࡾࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡛Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣኚ ࢃࡗࡓࠋ Ⰻ࠸ጼໃ࡛₇ዌࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ぢࡓ┠ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪 ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ㡢ࡶ㐪࠺ࠋࡋࡗࡾᜥࡀධࡾ㸪⮬↛ ⨾ࡋ࠸㡢Ⰽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ┿ B ࡢṇ㠃 ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲյ 㹼ࢫࢥᐇ㡢ࢆ᭩ࡇ࠺㹼 ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձ㹼մࡲ࡛ࠊᚲṚᐇ㊶ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᚲࡎ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ ࡘࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟ࡀࠕ㡢⛬࣭ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࠖࡔࠋ ㄽࠕຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձࠖ࠾࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺ ࡀࡁࡕࢇ㡢⛬ឤぬࢆᥗࢇ࡛࠸ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪ࣁ ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ឤࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡣ㸪᭤ࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡀྜ࠸㸪࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࡀᥞ࠸㸪ᙉᙅࡀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫ ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡓࢇ᭤ࡀὶࢀ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ 103 ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ⨾ࡋ࠸ࡈࡣࢇ㧥ࡢẟࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ 㡢ྠኈ㸪Ⰽศࡅసᴗࢆࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⺯ග࣌ࣥࡢⰍ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪ṧᛕ࡞ឤぬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ศࡅࡼࡾ㸪୍┠ぢ࡚㸪ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࡀྠࡌ㡢ࢆ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿㧗ᰯ⏕ࡶᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲ ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศࡿࠋ ࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡇࢁ㸪ఱᰯࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᣦᑟ ࡑࡇ࡛Ⰽูࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅࢆࡍࡿࠋྠࡌ㡢ࢆ ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᐇ㝿ࡇࢀࢆᐇ㊶ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡶྲྀ ᢸᙜࡍࡿேྠኈ㒊ᒇࡈศࢀ㸪ࢆసࡾෆ ࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࡀ≉⃮ࡿ ഃࢆྥࡃࠋ 㸦┿㹁ཧ↷㸧୍㡢ࡎࡘྲྀࡾୖࡆ୍ே ࡇࢁࡢࡳ㔜Ⅼⓗ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓࡢヰࡶ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ ࡎࡘ㸲ᢿࢆࡢࡤࡋ㸪㸰ᢿ࠶ࡅ࡚ࡘࡂࡢேࠋ᭱ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡶ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡶ㸪☜ᐇࣂࣥࢻయࡢࢧ࢘ࣥ ᚋࡣဨ࡛ྠࡌ㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࠸࠺᪉ἲ ࢻࡀኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ ࡔࠋ ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡣࡲࡎ㸪ࢫࢥᐇ㡢ࢆグධࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡓ㸪㡢ࡀྜࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸰ᢿࡎࡘ㡢 ࡃࠋ࠼ࡤࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺࣃ࣮ࢺ࡛ࠕࢻ࣑ࣞࠖ ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ἲࡶࡾ࠸ࢀࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳࣗ ⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪㡢➢ࡢୖࠕݟB C Dࠖ ࣮ࢼ࣮㔥ࡅ࡞ࡿ㸪㡢ࡣᐤࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ グධࡍࡿࠋ 㸦ࡇࡢసᴗࡣ࡞ࡾ㛫ࡀࡿࡀ㸪 ࡳࢇ࡞࡛㡢ࢆ⫈ࡁ࠶࠸㸪᭱⤊ⓗࡣࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࣆࣀࡀᙎࡅࡿᏊࡸ㸪㡢⯆ࢆᣢࡘ ࢆࢃࡎ⃮ࡾࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ꮚࡀࡇࡢసᴗࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ྠࡌ㡢ྠኈࡢ⃮ࡾࡀᾘ࠼ࡿ㸪⨾ࡋ࠸ࣁ࣮ࣔ ᭱୰ࡔࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ዌ⪅⮬㌟ࡀࡇࡢసᴗࢆ ࢽ࣮ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡉࡽ㸪ྛᴦჾࡢ㡢Ⰽࢆ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛㡢ᴦ⾲⌧ࡀࡉࡽ㇏࡞ࡗ࡚ ⤮ࡢලࡓ࠼࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࣈࣞࣥࢻࡋࡓ㇏ ࠸ࡗࡓ㸧 ࡞ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ࡚ࡢ㡢⾲グࡉࢀࡓࠕᐇ㡢ࠖࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃ㸪 ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࡣඣ❺ࡢ༠ㄪᛶࢆ⫱࡚㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ ྠࡌ㡢ࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴦჾࡀศࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪 ⫱ᡂࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢሗ࿌ࡶཷࡅ࡚࠸ ࡶࡗࢃࡾࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿⅭ㸪⺯ග࡛࣌ࣥྠࡌ ࡿࠋ ┿㹁 104 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲն 㹼ᣦࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢጼࢆ㸪⮬ศࡢ┠࡛ぢ࡚㸟 ឤࡌ࡚㸟㹼 ே㛫ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ⓑࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬ ศࡢⒷࡣពእẼ࡙࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ࠕᣦࠖࡼࡗ࡚₇ዌࡀຠᯝⓗ⧞ࡾᗈࡆ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪 ࠕᣦࠖࡢࡏ࠸ ࡇ࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ₇ዌࡍࡿືࡁ ࡀࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠖ ᣦᑟ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ㸪ぢ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁẼ࡙ ࡁጞࡵࡿ㸪₇ዌࡀࡼࡾࡼ࠸᪉ྥኚࢃࡗ࡚ ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᚋᣦᑟ⪅ࡽࠕ࠶ࡢ⦎⩦᪉ἲ ࡢ࠾㝜࡛ࠊᚲṚᣦࢆࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡓ࡚ ࡢ⥺ࡀᥞ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖ࠸࠺ኌࡶ࠶ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡛₇ዌࡀጉࡆࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ㸪Ⰻ࠸₇ዌࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪ᣦ ࡍࡿࡇᚲṚ࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ₇ዌࡀ⏕ࡁ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲո ⏕ࡁ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸ሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡀᐇ㝿Ꮫ 㹼㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ⦅㹼 ᰯఛ࠸㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᣦࡍࡿጼࢆࡳ࡚㐪ឤ ௨๓㸪㝵ྡၐࢆᥦࡋࡓࠋ㒊άື࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࢆぬ࠼ࡓࡁࡣ㸪ࢻࣂࢫࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇࠋࡇࡢࠕ㝵ྡၐࠖ ࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᣦࡍࡿᚋࢁጼ ࡢ᪉ἲࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ࡢື⏬ᙳࢆࡋ࡚㸪⫈⾗ࡽᣦ⪅ࡀࡢࡼ 㸨ࢻࡢ㡢㸦ୗ㸯⥺ࣁ㸧ࡽ㧗࠸ࢻ㸦➨㸱㛫ࣁ㸧 ࠺ぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࠋᣦࡣ㡢ᴦ ࡢ㡢ࡲ࡛グࡋࡓ㝵ྡ㆕ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ ⾲⌧ࡢษ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦࡀୖ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ ᣦ♧Წࢆ⏝࠸࡚࡛㡢➢ࢆᣦࡍࠋࡑࡢࡁࠕࢻ ࡼࡗ࡚㡢ᴦࡶࡼࡾឤືⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࣮ࠖḷ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࢆẖ㛫㸪㸰ศ࡞࠸ࡋ㸱ศ㛫⥆ࡅ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲշ 㹼₇ዌ⪅ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛㸪⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡿ㹼 ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪᭤ࡀࡘࡁ㸪ࢸ࣏ࣥࡶᐃࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ ࡓࡽ㸪㐲࠸ሙᡤࡽ₇ዌࢆ⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡿࡇࡀ ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕඛ⏕㸪⚾ࡀᣦࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕ ࡔࡅ࡛₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠖᣦᑟ⪅ࡢၥ ࠸ࠕࡇࢀࡔࡅ₇ዌ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࢀࡤኵ࡛ࡍ ࡼࠋࠖ⟅࠼ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ᐇ㝿࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆỴࡵ࡚㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀྜᅗ ࢆࡍࡿ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡔࡅࡢྜዌࡀጞࡲࡿࠋ ᭱ึࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡶከ࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶ ࡓࡕࡣᣦ⪅࡞ࡋ࡛ࡶ㸪₇ዌࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏ࡚ࡺ ࡃࠋఱᗘࡶ₇ዌࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ㸪⫈࠸࡚ྜࢃࡏࡿ ឤぬࡶ◊ࡂࡲࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢඛ⏕ࡀ㸪య⫱㤋ࡢᚋࢁ⛣ືࡋ㸪 ₇ዌ⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࠋࡍࡿ㸪ẖ᪥ྜዌࡋ࡚࠸ ࡚ࡶẼ࡙࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀࡳ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠕᡴᴦჾ㸪ࡁࡍࡂࡲࡍࡡࠋ࠶᪕ᚊࡀ⪺ ࡿ㸱࢝᭶࡛ㄞ㆕ຊࡀୖࡀࡗࡓࠋ ᣦ♧Წࡀ㡢➢ࡘ࠸ࡓⅬ࡛ḷ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡉ ࡏࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࢃࡊᣦ♧Წࢆ✵୰࡛ࡵ࡚ḷ ࢃࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ㸦ఱᅇࡶࡸࡾࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ 㣬ࡁࡉࡏ࡞࠸㸧ࠕ࡞ࢇࡔ࣮ࠊࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࡔ࣮ ࡗࠖᤵᴗࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮚࡶ ࡓࡕࡢ㞟୰ຊࡀቑࡍࠋᣦ♧ᲬࢆⰋࡃࡳࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ㸦྿ዌᴦ࡞࡛㸪ࡼࡃ⪥ࡍࡿ ゝⴥࠕඛ⏕ࡢᣦࢆࡼࡃぢ࡞ࡉ࠸㸟㸟ࠖࡣ㸪 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛㘫࠼ࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪㒊άືࡢ୰ ࡶᫎࡉࢀࡿ㸧 Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ័ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ㸪ᣦ♧Წ࡛⡆༢ ࡞᪕ᚊࢆᣦࡍࠋࠕࡇࡢ᭤࡞࣮ࢇࡔ㸽ࠖࡢၥ࠸ ࠕࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟ࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟 ࠼ࡿࡢྜၐ࡛ࡍࠖ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺㸪୰㌟ࡀ⭾ࡽࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࠋ ࣊㡢グྕ࡛⾜࠺ࡢࡶⰋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚࡶࡀ ࠕඛ⏕ࠖ࡞ࡾ㸪ᣦ♧Წࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࠋ ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡇࡇࡑ㸪ຊࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿᑠᏛᰯ࡛㸪㸰ᖺ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕࡽࡇࡢᐇ㊶ ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᣦᑟ⪅᭣ࡃࠕ㸰ᖺ⏕࡛ࡶ 105 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࡡࠋࡓࡲ㸪㸯ᖺ⏕ࡢࡁ㘽┙ࣁ࣮ ࡶࡀ࠸ࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᏊࡶࡀዲ ࣔࢽ࡛࢝⦎⩦ࡋࡓ᭤ࢆᣦ♧Წ࡛ᣦࡍ㸪ᤵᴗ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋఱ࡛ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡎࡋࡀࡽࡎࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿࠕᑠᏛᰯ㸰ᖺ ࠕ㝵ྡၐࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸱ᖺ⏕ࡽࠖᤊ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ ⏕ࡢᚰࠖࢆே࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡎࡗᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚ ࡀࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡽ↓⌮࡞ࡃ㝵 ࡋ࠸㢪࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྡၐྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࡏࡿⰋ࠸ࠋ᪩࠸࠺ࡕࡽᴦ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ㸪ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕㐃 ㆕័ࢀぶࡋࡴ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣᴦ㆕ᑐࡋ ᦠࢆࡾ㸪సࡗࡓ᭤ḷモࢆࡘࡅࡿࡉࡽ ࡚ࡢඛධほࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࡀᐦᗘࡢ⃰࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠋᴦჾࡀ 㝵ྡၐࢆࡸࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡣ㸪ඛ⏕ࡗ࡚ ⱞᡭ࡞Ꮚࡶ࡛ࡶ㸪ḷ࡞ࡽୖᡭ࠸࠺Ꮚࡶ ࡣྠࡌࡇࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡛㸪൨ຕ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ ࡀ࠸ࡿࡣࡎࠋᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡀᅜㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡞࡛ ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀࢆ 1 ᪥㸰㹼㸱ศ⥆ ḷモࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㡢ᴦࡢ㛫࡛ୖࡆࡿ ࡅࡿࡇពࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸪Ꮚ ࠸࠺㐃ᦠࢆࡿ㸪ࡼࡾᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ㐩ᡂ ࡶࡓࡕࡢຊࡣࡍࡄⴠࡕ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ ឤࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࠖࡢຓゝࢆࡋࡓࠋ 㸰ศ࡞ࡽ㸰ศỴࡵ㸪࢟ࢵࢳࣥࢱ࣐࣮࡞ ࢆ⏝ࡋࠕ㛫ࡔ㹼ࠖ࡞࠸࠺Ꮚࡶ ࡓࡕࡶᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㞟୰ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡣࡎ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪㸰ᖺ⏕࡛㝵ྡၐྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ ࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡇࡽ⡆༢࡞స᭤άື㸦㡢 ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾ㸧ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 㸰ᖺ⏕ࡣᣦᑟ⪅ࡢゝⴥࢆࡼࡃࡁ࠸࡚㸪ᡂࡉ ࡏࡼ࠺ࡀࢇࡤࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ 㡢ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡍࡿ๓ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ୍ゝࠕࡳࢇ ࡞㸪ࡕࡻࡗ㡢ᴦᐊࡢᚋࢁࢆぢ࡚ࡈࡽࢇࠋ᭷ ྡ࡞స᭤ᐙࡤࡾࠋᕥࡽࣂࢵࣁ㸪࣮ࣔࢶ ࣝࢺ㸪࣮࣋ࢺ࣮࣭࣭࣭࣋ࣥ࠶ࢀ㸽୍␒ྑࡢ ࡇࢁఱ࠶ࡿࡼࠖ ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⣬ࡀ୍ᯛ㈞ࡗ࡚࠶ࡿࡀ㸪స᭤ᐙ ࡢ┿ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕࡇࢀ㸪࡞ࢇࡔᛮ࠺㸽ࡑ࠺ ࡛ࡍࠋࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢ୰ࡽ᭷ྡ࡞స᭤ᐙࡀ⏕ࡲ ࢀࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㈞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᚋ 㸰ᖺࡢࢇࡉ࣭࣭࣭ࡢ⤌ۑ┿ࡀ㈞ࡽࢀࡿ ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠖ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡽ➗㢦ࡀࡇࡰࢀࡿࠋࡇࢇ࡞୍ ゝࡽᮏᙜస᭤ᐙ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࢇ࡞Ꮀࡋ ࠸ࡇࠋ వㄯ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ㸪㡢ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᤵᴗ ࡢ୰࡛ఱඛ⏕ㄆࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺ࡋ࡚ ࠕࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟ࡣ࣮࠸ࡗࠖᡭࢆᣲࡆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿᏊ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣ⣲┤㸟⣲┤࡞࠺ࡕࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࡇ ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠶ࡆ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲչ 㹼㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ⦅㹼 ࠕᏊࡶࡓࡕ㸪↛ᴦ㆕ࡀㄞࡵ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡶศࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⤖ᒁḷࡗ࡚ᩍ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⮬ศࡢ㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㛫ࡀ㊊ ࡾ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᝎࡳࡀከࡃ⪺ࢀࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿඛ⏕ࡣࠕ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡽ㡢ᴦࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡔࡽ㸪㒊άࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ㸪㡢➢ࡀㄞ ࡵ࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀศࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍ ࡿࡢࡣ⮬ศࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࠖࡋࡑ࠺ㄒࡿࠋ ࡇࡢඛ⏕ࡣ㸪⪃࠼⪃࠼࡚ᤵᴗࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ศ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㡢ᴦࡢ㛫 ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇࡽጞࡵ㸪ᡤࠎඛ⤂ࡋ ࡓࠕ㝵ྡၐࠖࢆධࢀࡓࡾ㸪ࣜࢺ࣑ࢵࢡࢆྲྀࡾ ධࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣜࢺ࣑ࢵࢡࡣ㸪ࡌࡗ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮚࡶࡓࡕ ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡢࠕᑟධࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪 㞟୰ຊ࣭ࣜࢬ࣒ឤ⫱ᡂࡢຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅄศ㡢➢㸪ඵศ㡢➢㸪ศ㡢➢㸪㡢➢࣭࣭ ࡇࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࣜࢬ࣒㌟యࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ 㡢ᴦᐊࡢ୰ࢆࡲࢃࡿࠋ 106 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ 㹼⦎⩦ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒㹼 ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᴦ㆕㸿ࠖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࣆࣀࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚ᕥᡭ࡛ప㡢ࢆ㸪ྑᡭ࡛୕㡢ࢆకዌࡍࡿࠋ ఱࡢࡓࡵ㔠⟶ࣂࣥࢻࡸ྿ዌᴦάືࢆ࠾ ᕥᡭࡢప㡢ࡣ㊊ࡢࣜࢬ࣒㸪ྑᡭࡢ୕㡢ࡣᡭ ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽ࡑࡢ┠ᶆ ᢿᏊ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡋ࡚ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆኚ࠼࡚Ṍࡏ ┠ᶆࡣ㒊ဨဨࡀ㸯㸳⛊௨ෆ࡛ၐ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡿࠋࡓࡲࠕᑐ㸟㸟ࠖ࠸࠺ኌ࡛ᡭ㊊ࡢ ࡶࡢࡋ㸪⦎⩦ࡢ᭱ึ᭱ᚋၐࡍࡿࠋ ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㏫ࡋ࡚㸪㣬ࡁࡿࡇ࡞ࡃᴦࡋࢇ࡛ ┠ᶆࢆ㡢ᴦᐊᥖ♧ࠋ ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ 㡢㝵ࡢᴦ㆕ࠕᴦ㆕㹀ࠖ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᴦ㆕ࠕᴦ 㡢➢ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయឤࡉࡏࡿࡇࡶ ㆕㹁ࠖࣁࣥࢻࢧࣥ㡢ၐࡢᴦ㆕ ࠕᴦ㆕ ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᴦ㆕ࡣ㞳ࢀ㸪ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయឤࡉࡏࡿ 㹂ࠖࢆ㡢ᴦᐊᥖ♧ࠋ ࡁࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠕᏊࡶࡘࡅࡉࡏࡓ࠸ຊ ࡣఱࠖࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ㸪࠾ࡢࡎᤵ ࢘ ኌࡢࡶࡢࡉࡋ⾲㸦2 ே࡛ヰࠊ⌜㸪Ꮫ⣭㸪 Ꮫᖺ㸪㔝እ➼࡛ࡢኌࡢࡁࡉ㸧ᥖ♧ ࢚ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡽᴦჾࢆฟࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ❧࡚㸪࢛࣮࢘ ᴗࡢ᪉ἲࡶኚࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࣑ࣥࢢࢵࣉ㸪ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦㸪ᴦ᭤⦎⩦㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪ᖖᑠᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆᛕ㢌࠾ ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥ㸪ࢣ࣮ࢫᴦჾࢆࡋࡲ࠸ಖ⟶ ࠸࡚㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆࢆぢኻࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞ ሙᡤ∦ࡅࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲ࢆᥖ♧ࠋ ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࠎࡢᏊࡶ ࡍ࡚㛫ࢆỴࡵ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ィࡍࡿࠋ ࡢᵝᏊ࣭≧ែࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᇶᮏࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡣኚ ࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲㸯㹼㸵ࠖ ࢃࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ᣦᑟࡢ᪉࣭᪉ἲࡣኚ࠼࡞ࡃ 㸯Ᏻ➨୍ᴦჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ྜዌ‽ഛ э ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸰࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢࢵࣉэ㸱ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦э 㡢ᴦᤵᴗࢆᖖ㡢ᴦ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ᨵ 㸲ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⦎⩦э㸳ᴦ᭤⦎⩦э ၿࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᨺㄢᚋࡢ⟶ᡴᴦჾࡢᣦᑟ 㸴ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥэ㸵Ᏻ➨୍ᚋ∦ࡅ ࡶࡁࡃᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࠋ 㸯㸪ᴦჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡣᏊࡶࡢᏳࢆ➨୍ ⪃࠼㸪ḟᴦჾࢆᑀᢅ࠸୍ே࡙ࡘࡺࡗ 㸱㸬▷㛫࡛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿ⦎⩦ࢩࢫࢸ ࣒ࡢࡓࡵࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲ 㹼㡢ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌ⦎⩦ሙᡤ㸧ཬࡧ Ꮫᰯࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛ㹼 㐣ཤ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫Ꮫᰯゼၥࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡽ㸪ࡑ ࡢ⋞㛵ࢆධࡗࡓࡁ㸪᮶ᐈࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ⣽ ࠸ᚰ㓄ࡾ㸦Ύᤲ㸪ࢫࣜࢵࣃ㸪ෆᯈ㸪ཷ ࡢᑐᛂ➼㸧ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣ₇ዌࡶẚ㍑ⓗ ୖᡭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫᰯࡣ⋞㛵ࡽ㡢 ᴦᐊࡸయ⫱㤋ෆࡉࢀࡿᗯୗࡶΎᤲࡀ࠸ࡁ ࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡍࢀ㐪࠺ඣ❺ࡸ⫋ဨࡽࡉࢃ ࡸ࡞࠶࠸ࡉࡘࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸₇ዌࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ ᰯࡣ㡢ᴦᐊࡢᥖ♧≀ࡶ⨾ࡋࡃ㸪⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡃࡾ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋື⥺☜ㄆ㸪ࢭࢵࢸ ࣥࢢ⦎⩦ࠋ 㸰㸪࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢࢵࣉࠕᴦ㆕㹃ࠖࡣṇࡋ࠸ ₇ዌጼໃ࡛᭱ࡶฟࡸࡍ࠸㡢㸦ᴦჾᜥࢆධ ࢀࡓࡁ⮬↛ฟ࡚ࡃࡿẚ㍑ⓗప࠸㡢㸧 ࢆ㟼㸲ᢿࡢࡤࡍࠋ 㸦࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥэࣈࣞࢫэḷ࠺эࣈࣞࢫэ࣐࣮ ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫ㸦ᮌ⟶ࡣḷ࠺㸧эࣈࣞࢫэᴦჾ ࣐࣮ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࢆࡅࡿэᴦჾ࡛₇ዌ㸧 ᡴᴦჾࡣࢫࢺࣞࢵࢳࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ 㸱㸪ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦ࠕᴦ㆕㹄ࠖ 㸲㸪ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⦎⩦ࠕᴦ㆕㹅ࠖ 㡢㝵ࡦࡘࡦ ࡘࡢ㡢ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾಸ㡢ࢆ⫈ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⦎ ⩦ࠋ 㸳㸪ᴦ㆕ᑠ⠇␒ྕࢆ᭩ࡃࠋᴦ᭤ࡢᵓᡂ㡢ࢆ ࡍ࡚ᩘ࠼ࡿࠋࣇ࣮ࢫࢺࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺࡢ 107 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ሙྜ㸪㸴㸮㸮ࡢ㡢࡛ 1 ᭤ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡓࡽୖ⣭⏕ࡀࣁࣥࢻࢧࣥ㡢ၐ࡛కዌࡍ ࡽ㸪㸲ศ㡢➢㸻㸴㸮ࡢࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ᭱ึࡢ㡢 ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀ᭱ࡶ⮬↛ึᚰ⪅ࢆྜዌ ࡽ㡰␒㸲ᢿࡢࡤࡍࠋ㸳ᢿࡵࡀ㡢ࡢ࣮ࣜࣜ ධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࢫ㸪㸴ᢿࡵࣈࣞࢫࠋࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡ ࡲࡓ㸪ഛရᴦჾࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ ࢱ࣮࡛ࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺྠ୍㡢ࢆ₇ዌ㸪ᴦ᭤ ࣮ࡸ㘽┙ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝㸪ྜၐ㸪ᡭసࡾ࣐ࣛ࢝ࢫ ᭱ᚋࡢ㡢ࡲ࡛₇ዌࡍࡿ⣙㸯㛫ࡿࠋ 㸦࣌ࢵࢺ࣎ࢺࣝᑠ▼ࢆධࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧➼ࢆ⦎ 㸯᪥㸰㸮ศ㛫㸪㸱᪥㛫࡛᭱ᚋࡲ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ⩦ࡉࡏ㸪㸳㸪㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢྜዌຍ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪 ᑟ᪉ἲࡶ㠀ᖖຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣆࢵࢳࡀపࡅࢀࡤୖྥࡁࡢ▮༳㸪㧗ࡅࢀࡤ ⟶ᴦჾࡣస㡢ᴦჾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠕḷ࠼࡞࠸᪕ ୗྥࡁࡢ▮༳ࢆᴦ㆕᭩ࡁධࢀࡿࠋ ᚊࡣᴦჾ࡛ṇ☜₇ዌࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ ḟྠ୍᪕ᚊࢆ₇ዌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏊࡶࡓࡕ ⨾ࡋࡃṇ☜࡞㡢ࢆฟࡍࡓࡵࡣ₇ዌ⪅ࡀ⮬ศ ࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡈ㸪࠸ࡗࡋࡻୖグࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ ࡢ㡢ឤࡸឤᛶࢆࡶࡋ࡚ࠕ㡢ࠖࢆసࡽ࡞ࡅ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋḟྠ୍᪕ᚊࢆዌ࡛⦎⩦㸪 ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࠕ㡢ࠖࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵࡣ ࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸪ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࢯࣝࣇ࢙࣮ࢪࣗࡢຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢຊࢆ ࢆᥞ࠼ࡿࠋḟᙉᙅ➼ࢆᥞ࠼࡚ᣦᐃࢸ࣏ࣥ ㌟ࡅࡿ᭱㐺࡞᪉ἲࡣࠕḷ࠺ࠖࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ㸴㸮㸣࡛₇ዌࠋ᭱ᚋᣦᐃࡢࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ₇ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡽ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ဨ࡛ྜၐ⦎⩦ࢆᐃᮇ ዌࠋ ⓗ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡶ₇ዌᢏ⾡ྥୖຠᯝࡀ࠶ 㸴㸪ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥࡣ࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢࢵࣉྠ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡌࡇࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ 㸵㸪㸯ྠᵝᚋ∦ࡅࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᚋ∦ࡅࡢ ⦎⩦ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡁࡣᚲࡎࢫ ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁࣥࢻࢧࣥ㡢ၐࢆẖᅇ㸱ศ⛬ᗘ㸪 ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࣂࣥࢻయࡢ ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࡀࡼࡾ⨾ࡋࡃ㇏࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳ࢟ࢵࢳࢱ࣐࣮ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ ᪥ㄅࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㛫ࢆグධࡍࡿࠋඣ❺ࡢᏳ ࢆ➨୍⪃࠼㸪ᖖࡼࡾࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ⦎⩦ࡀ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺᪥ࠎᨵၿࢆ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⦎⩦ ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᏛᰯࡣ₇ዌᢏ⾡㸪㡢 ᴦ⾲⌧ࡶୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋᴦ㆕ H㸫㸯㹼㸳ࡣᮅ ⦎⩦➼࡛ಶูᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ 㸲㸬㸲ᖺ⏕㸦ึᚰ⪅㸧ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ ࠾ࢃࡾ ⚾ࡀᣦᑟ⪅ࡸᑠᏛ⏕┤᥋࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ ᣦᑟࢆ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚ࡾ㏉ࡗࡓࡁ㸪 ࠕఱࡢࡓࡵ ⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ ῝ࡃ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪㡢ᴦࢆ ឡዲࡍࡿᚰࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྜၐࡸ㚷㈹ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ༑ศ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ึᚰ⪅ࡣẖᅇࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪࡞ࡐ㸪⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᚲせ ⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀࣥࣈࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠋ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋḟึᚰ⪅ࡀ୍␒ฟࡋࡸࡍ࠸㡢 ඣ❺ࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡽࡶࢃࡿࡼ࠺ ࡽ㡢ᇦࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪ࠕ࣓࣮ࣜࡉࢇࡢ⨺ࠖࠕ႐ 㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿࡇࡁ ࡧࡢḷࠖ ࠕ࠼ࡿࡢḷࠖ➼ࡢ᪕ᚊࢆ₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡞⯆㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪≉Ꮚࡶ ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁ㸪ୖ⣭⏕࣌ࢆ⤌ࢇ ࡓࡕࡀ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟶ᡴᴦჾࡔࡽ ࡛ዌࢆ 1 㡢࡙ࡘ㸪ḟ 1 ᑠ⠇㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᚎࠎ ࡇࡑᣦᑟࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⯆㛵ᚰࡢ࠶ ᑠ⠇ᩘࢆቑࡸࡋ㸯᭤₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢᴦჾࢆࡗ࡚㸪ឤᛶࡸ㞟୰ຊ㸪⥅ 108 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ⥆ຊ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ຊ➼ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ 12 ࣮࣌ࢪࠕ࢚ࠖ♧ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲ 1㹼7 ࡣᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢே⏕ࢆࡼࡾ㇏࡛ᖾࡏ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ẖᅇ㸪ィࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚⦎⩦ࡋ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡓᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ₇ዌᢏ⾡㸪⾲⌧ࡶ᭱ࡶୖ㐩ࡋ ⟶ᴦჾࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ୰ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢẁ㝵࡛ ࡓࠋ ࣅࣈ࣮ࣛࢺࢆࡅࡿࡇၥࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢᣦᑟࢆ▷㛫 ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪⨾ᑐࡍࡿឤᛶࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ ࡛ຠ⋡ⓗ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵࡣࠕᑠᏛ⏕ࡢⓎ㐩 ࡣࣅࣈ࣮ࣛࢺࡣྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࣅࣈࣛ ẁ㝵ᛂࡌࡓ⦓ᐦ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡉࢀࡓ⦎⩦ィ ࣮ࢺࡢᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣈࣞࢫࢆ῝ ⏬ࡢసᡂᩍᮦ㑅ᢥࠖࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪㡢ᅽࡶ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪㡢Ⰽࡀ⨾ ୍ே୍ேࡢಶᛶࢆษࡋࡓಶูᣦᑟࢆࢩࢫ ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㔠⟶㸪྿ዌᴦάືࢆ㏻ ࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡇࡀࡼࡾ▷㛫࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡞ ࡋ࡚㡢ᴦⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ ᣦᑟࡴࡍࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࢆࡼࡾάᛶࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᴦ㆕㸿 ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕ B 109 110 ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸯 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸰 111 112 ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸱 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸲 113 114 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ᴦ㆕㹂 ༙㡢ୖࡆࡿ ༙ 㡢 ୗ ࡆ ࡿ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹃 115 116 ᴦ㆕㹄㸫㸯㸦ࡍ࡚ࢫ࣮࡛ࣛ₇ዌࡍࡿ㸧 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹄㸫㸰㸦ࡍ࡚ࢫ࣮࡛ࣛ₇ዌࡍࡿ㸧 117 118 ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸯 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸰 119 120 ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸱 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸲 121 122 ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸯 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸰 123 124 ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸱 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ჽဋ̲ɟ≝ܖݱఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋ‒ݑ ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸲 125 126 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸳 ᘬ⏝ᴦ㆕࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㸦㸧ࠕ-%& ࣂࣥࢻࢫࢱࢹ࣮ࠖ ᪥ᮏࣂࣥࢻࢡࣜࢽ ࢵࢡጤဨ ࣐ࣖࣁᰴᘧ♫ 㸦㸧ࠕࢿ࣒ࣂࣥࢻࢫࢱࢹࠖ ᪥ᮏࣂࣥࢻࢡࣜࢽࢵ ࢡጤဨ ࣐ࣖࣁᰴᘧ♫ 127 ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜܖܖဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ إԓ∝૰ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒ ‒ ஜܖܖဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ ᭘‒ ଔᒁ1 äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ‒ ៲˳ኵ≋Body Composition≌‒ ᭌሂ㸦Skeletal Muscle㸧 ˳ᏢᏆྙ㸦Skeletal Muscle㸧 ᨨ↻Ꮔ㸦Hidden Obesity㸧 㸯㸬◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ ࠕIn Bodyࠖࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᗣᩍ⫱ࢆᐇࡋࠊࡑ ࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ ㏆ᖺ 10㹼20 ௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺᚿྥࡀᙉࡃࠊ እぢࡣ⑭ࡏ࡚ぢ࠼࡚ࡶయ⬡⫫⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ᡤㅝࠕ㞃 㸰㸬᪉ἲ ࢀ⫧‶࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢഴྥࡣࠊ እぢࡤࡾࡽࢃࢀ࣮࢝ࣟࣜࡔࡅὀ┠ࡋࡓ 㸰㸬㸯 ⿕᳨⪅ ↓⌮࡞ࢲ࢚ࢵࢺࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ⿕᳨⪅ࡣࠊᮏᏛᚲಟ⛉┠ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ 㸦㐌 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌ࡣᮏᏛࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ(1)బࠎᮌࡽ 㸯ᅇ 90 ศ㸧ࢆཷㅮࡍࡿᮏᏛᏛ⏕࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ (బࠎᮌ㐨Ꮚ㸸2000㸪㹮.97)ࡸ ㊃᪨ྠពࡋࡓ᪂ධ⏕⏨Ꮚ 19 ྡ࠾ࡼࡧዪᏊ 12 㸦2㸧 ᪂ᇼࡽ(᪂ᇼከ ㈡Ꮚ㸸2013㸪㹮147-149)ࠊ(3)ᐑᮧࡽ(ᐑᮧⱱ⣖㸸 ྡࠊィ 31 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ 2002㸪㹮56)ࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ ࡉࢀࠊၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢲ࢚ࢵࢺࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓⱝ⪅ࡢ೫㣗ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ 㸰㸬㸰 ᐃ㡯┠ 㸰㸬㸰㸬㸯 ㌟య⤌ᡂ ௦ㅰάᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᮇ㦵㔞ቑຍࡢጉࡆ࡞ࡿࠋ ㌟య⤌ᡂࡣ㌟㛗ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧయ㔜ࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ࠊ ᚑࡗ࡚᭱㦵㔞ࡀప್ࡢࡲࡲ୰㧗ᖺ㱋ࢆ㏄࠼ࠊ BMI(Body Mass Index)ࠊ㦵᱁➽㔞ࠊBMC(Bone 㦵⢒㧼ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚ Mineral Content)ࠊ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ4 ᭶ 1 ࠸ࡿ(4)(≟అ▱Ꮚ㸸2010㸪㹮11-12)ࠋࡉࡽࠊ㦵 ᅇ┠㸦௨ୗ pre㸧࠾ࡼࡧ 7 ᭶ࡢ 12 ᅇ⤊ᚋ㸦௨ 㔞ῶᑡࢆ㜵ࡄࡣ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸㐠ື ୗ post㸧 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ุᐃ ่⃭ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࡑࢀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ ᇶ‽್ࡣ⏨ᛶ 10㸣㹼20㸣ᮍ‶ࠊዪᛶ 20㸣㹼 ࠸ࠋ 30㸣ᮍ‶ࢆᶆ‽⠊ᅖෆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊBMI ࡣయ ᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᚲಟ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖㅮ 㔜/㌟㛗(m) 㸰࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ⫧‶ᗘࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝ ⩏ࢆ㏻ࡋࠊᏛ⏕ྛࠎࡀ㐠ືࡣ࡞ࡐᚲせ࡞ࡢࢆ ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋWHO㸦ୡ⏺ಖᶵ㛵㸧ࡼࡿ ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᾭࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⧅ࡆࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ BMI ࡢᶆ‽⠊ᅖࡣ 18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0kg/㹫㸰࡛ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࡑࡢ୍ຓࡋ࡚యᡂศศᯒჾ ࠶ࡾࠊ18.5kg/㹫㸰ᮍ‶ࢆ⑭ࡏᆺ࣭25.0kg/㹫㸰௨ ‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ․‧ ଐӖྸ‒ A study on the body composition of the students of Kaichi International University. “‣ ⁅⁓⁓⁗‒⁆⁓⁝⁓⁚⁓⁚⁛‒ ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᢿ‒ ‒ ୖࢆ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ BMI ࡀᶆ‽⠊ᅖෆࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕయ⬡⫫⋡ࡀ⫧ ‶ഴྥ㸦⏨ᛶ 20㸣௨ୖࠊዪᛶ 30㸣௨ୖ㸧ࡢ⪅ 128 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ࢆ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊேᩘ࠾ࡼࡧྜࢆㄪᰝࡋ ྛ ᐃ㡯┠࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ィฎ⌮ࡣࠊᖹᆒ್sᶆ ࡓࠋBMC ࡣ↓ᶵ㉁㔞࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㦵㔞ࡢᣦᶆࡋ ‽೫ᕪ࡛♧ࡋࠊ4 ᭶ࡢ⤖ᯝ 7 ᭶ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ ࡚ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿⅭᑐᛂࡢ࠶ࡿ㹲᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷ ㌟య⤌ᡂࡢ ᐃࡣࠊBIA(Bio electric Im- ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐠ື⩦័࠾ࡼࡧ pedance Analysis)ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓయᡂศศᯒჾ In ฟᖍ≧ἣࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆㄪࡿⅭࠊPearson Body 720㸦ࣂ࢜ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ♫〇㸧ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ BIA ἲࡣࠊேయᚤᙅ࡞㟁Ẽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㟁Ẽ 㸱㸬⤖ᯝ ᢠ್ࢆ ᐃࡋࠊ㌟య⤌ᡂࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬㸯 ㌟య⤌ᡂ 㸰㸬㸰㸬㸰 㐠ື⩦័࠾ࡼࡧฟᖍᅇᩘ 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸯 ㌟㛗 pre ࠾ࡼࡧ post ࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ㌟㛗ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒ ᚲಟ⛉┠ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ௨እࡢ㐠ື⩦័ࢆ ㄪࡿⅭࠊ1 㐌㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㐠ືࢆఱ᪥⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࢆ 12 ᅇ┠⤊ᚋ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ 15 ᅇ୰ࡢฟᖍᅇᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡋ ࡓࠋ ࢀ 165.2s0.1cmࠊ165.3s0.1cm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏨ ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 170.2s6.2cmࠊpost ್ 170.3s6.1cm ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶࡣ pre ್ 157.2s 4.7cmࠊpost ್ 157.5s4.7cm ࡛ࠊpre ್ post ್ࡢẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌㛫ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆ ࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 1㸧ࠋ 㸰㸬㸱 ⤫ィฎ⌮ ⾲䠍䚷⏨ዪูᖹᆒ䛚䜘䜃యᖹᆒ⤖ᯝ୍ぴ ⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑 ⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠 ዪᛶ㼜㼞㼑 ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠 య㼜㼞㼑 య㼜㼛㼟㼠 ㌟㛗㻔㼏㼙㻕 㻝㻣㻜㻚㻞㼼㻢㻚㻞 㻝㻣㻜㻚㻟㼼㻢㻚㻝 㻝㻡㻣㻚㻞㼼㻠㻚㻣 㻝㻡㻣㻚㻡㼼㻠㻚㻣 㻝㻢㻡㻚㻞㼼㻜㻚㻝 㻝㻢㻡㻚㻟㼼㻜㻚㻝 య㔜㻔㼗㼓㻕 㻢㻞㻚㻠㼼㻥㻚㻢 㻢㻞㻚㻡㼼㻝㻜㻚㻟 㻡㻡㻚㻞㼼㻝㻝㻚㻜 㻡㻠㻚㻤㼼㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻡㻥㻚㻢㼼㻝㻜㻚㻣 䠆䠆䠆 㻡㻥㻚㻡㼼㻝㻜㻚㻥 䠆䠆 య⬡⫫⋡㻔㻑㻕 㻝㻣㻚㻢㼼㻠㻚㻢 㻝㻣㻚㻟㼼㻠㻚㻣 㻟㻝㻚㻥㼼㻢㻚㻤 㻞㻥㻚㻟㼼㻣㻚㻞 㻞㻟㻚㻝㼼㻥㻚㻝 㻞㻞㻚㻜㼼㻤㻚㻟 㻮㻹㻵㻔㼗㼓㻛㼙㻞㻕 㻞㻝㻚㻡㼼㻞㻚㻤 㻞㻝㻚㻡㼼㻟㻚㻜 㻞㻞㻚㻠㼼㻠㻚㻡 㻞㻞㻚㻞㼼㻠㻚㻝 㻞㻝㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻡 㻞㻝㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻠 㞃䜜⫧‶㻔ྡ䠅 㻠ྡ䠄㻞㻝㻚㻝䠂䠅 㻡ྡ䠄㻞㻢㻚㻟䠂䠅 㻠ྡ䠄㻟㻟㻚㻟䠂䠅 㻞ྡ䠄㻝㻢㻚㻣䠂䠅 㻤ྡ䠄㻞㻡㻚㻤䠂䠅 㻣ྡ䠄㻞㻞㻚㻢䠂䠅 䠆 䠆 㦵᱁➽㔞䠄㼗㼓䠅 㻞㻤㻚㻢㼼㻠㻚㻝 㻞㻤㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻥 㻝㻥㻚㻥㼼㻞㻚㻥 㻞㻜㻚㻡㼼㻞㻚㻟 㻞㻡㻚㻟㼼㻡㻚㻣 㻞㻡㻚㻢㼼㻡㻚㻠 㻮㻹㻯㻔㼗㼓㻕 㻞㻚㻤㻣㼼㻜㻚㻠㻝 㻞㻚㻤㻤㼼㻜㻚㻠㻝 㻞㻚㻞㻡㼼㻜㻚㻞㻣 㻞㻚㻟㻜㼼㻜㻚㻞㻝 㻞㻚㻢㻟㼼㻜㻚㻠㻤 㻞㻚㻢㻡㼼㻜㻚㻠㻣 㐠ື⩦័㻔ᅇ㻛㐌䠅 䢟 㻝㻚㻢㻟㼼㻞㻚㻟㻠 䢟 ฟᖍ≧ἣ䠄ᅇ㻛㻝㻡ᅇ䠅 䢟 㻝㻟㻚㻟㼼㻝㻚㻣 䢟 㻜 㻝㻟㻚㻠㼼㻞㻚㻜 䢟 㻝㻚㻜㻜㼼㻞㻚㻜㻡 䢟 㻝㻟㻚㻠㼼㻝㻚㻥 䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻡 䠆䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻝 䠆䠆䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝 129 ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜܖܖဃ↝៲ ៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸰 య㔜 kgࠊpost ್ࡣ ࡣ 54.8s10.0 0kg ࡛࠶ ್ 55.2s11.0k య㔜ࡣࠊ ࠊpre ್ 59..6s10.7kgࠊpost ್ 59..5 ࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ ࡢ⩌㛫ࡶ᭷ ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓ s10.9kg ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲ ࡲࡓࠊ⏨ዪู ู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ prre ࡗࡓ ࡓࡀࠊዪᛶ⩌ ⩌ࡸࡸῶᑡ ᑡഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ ࢀࡓ㸦⾲ ್ 62.4s9.6kgࠊpost ್ 62.5s10.3kgࠊዪᛶ prre 1ࠊᅗ 2㸧ࠋ 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸱 య⬡⫫⋡ ⋡ posst ್ 29.3s7 7.2㸣࡛ pre ್ ್࠾ࡼࡧ posst ್㛫 య⬡⫫⋡ ⋡ࡣࠊpre ್ 23.1s9.1㸣ࠊpost ್ 22..0 s8.3㸣࡛ ࡛᭷ព࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.01㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⏨ ⏨ ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 17.6s4.6㸣ࠊ 1 post ್ 17..3 ᫂ࡽ࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.001㸧 㸦 ࡀ ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ ࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊ ᅗ 3㸧ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ ࡲ ⫧‶ഴ ഴྥ࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ ⏕ࡣࠊpre ࡛ 14 ྡ/31 s4.7㸣࡛ ࡛ࢃࡎ࡞ࡀࡽῶᑡࡋࡓࡀ ࡀ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆ ㄆ ྡ㸦⣙ 45.2㸣㸧࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡕ⏨ᛶ 6 ྡ/1 19 ྡ㸦⣙ ࡵࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶ ᛶࡣ pre ್ 31 1.9s6.8㸣ࠊ 31.6㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 8 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙ ⣙ 66.7㸣㸧࡛࠶ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 130 ᨥܖٻ ܖኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ӭ post ࡛ ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ ྡ 36.8㸣 㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 6 ྡ ィ 15 ྡ㸦⣙ 48.4㸣㸧࡛࠶ ࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶ⩌ ࠾࠸࡚ 2 㸦50.0㸣 㸣㸧ࠊィ 13 ྡ㸦⣙ ྡ 41.9㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪ ዪᛶ ྡῶᑡࡋࡓࠋ ྡ ࡞࠾ࠊ⑭ࡏᆺ ᆺࡣ pre ࠾ ࠾࠸࡚ 0 ྡ ⩌࡛ࡣ 2 ྡῶᑡࡋࡓ ࡓࠋᶆ‽⠊ᅖ ᅖࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ pre ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ࡛ post ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ ᛶ㸯ྡ㸦⣙ 5.3㸣㸧 5 ࠊዪ ࡛ 17 ྡ ྡ㸦⣙ 54.8㸣 㸣㸧ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡕ⏨ᛶ 13 ྡ 㸦⣙ ᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ 3 ྡ㸦⣙ 9.7㸣 㸣㸧ቑຍࡋ 68.4㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋP Post ࡓ㸦⾲ ࡓ 2ࠊᅗ 3㸧ࠋ ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ ᛶ 11 ྡ㸦⣙ 57 7.9㸣㸧 ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3 3㸣㸧ࠊ ⾲㻞 䚷య య⬡⫫⋡䛚䜘䜃 䜃㻮㻹㻵䛻䛚䛡 䛡䜛⫧⑭ᗘูே ேᩘ䛾ẚ㍑ య య⬡⫫⋡ 㻮㻹㻵 㞃 㞃䜜⫧‶ ⑭䛫ᆺ ᶆ‽ ⫧ ⫧‶ ⑭䛫ᆺ ᶆ ᶆ‽ 䜸䞊䝞䞊 䜴䜵 䜵䜲䝖 䠄 䠂䠅 ⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑 㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 㻜 㻝㻟 㻢 㻝 㻝㻢 㻞 㻠㻔㻞㻝㻚㻝㻕 ⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 㻝 㻝㻝 㻣 㻝 㻝㻢 㻞 㻡㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕 ዪᛶ䡌䡎䡁 䡁㻔㼚㻩㻝㻞㻕 㻜 㻠 㻤 㻞 㻢 㻠 㻠㻔㻟㻟㻚㻟㻕 ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻝㻞㻕 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻝 㻣 㻠 㻞㻔㻝㻢㻚㻣㻕 య㼜㼞㼑 㻔㼚㻩㻟㻝㻕 㻜 㻝㻣 㻝㻠 㻟 㻞㻞 㻢 㻤㻔㻞㻡㻚㻤㻕 య㼜㼛㼟㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻟㻝㻕 㻟 㻝㻡 㻝㻟 㻞 㻞㻟 㻢 㻣㻔㻞㻞㻚㻢㻕 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸲 BMI BMI ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊpre ್ 21.8s s3.5kg/㹫2ࠊp post ್ 21.8s s3.4kg/m2 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲ ࡛ ࡓࠊ⏨ᛶ pree ್ 21.5s2 2.8kg/㹫2ࠊpoost ್ 21.5s s3.0kg/m2 ࡛ ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊዪᛶ ࡾ pre e ್ 22.4s4 .5kg/m2ࠊpo ost ್ 22.2 2 ࡛࠸ࡎࢀࡢẚ s4.1kg/m s ࡛ ẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚ ࡚ࡶ᭷ពᕪ ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ ࡣ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 4㸧ࠋ 131 ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜܖܖဃ↝៲ ៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ pre ࠾ࡅࡿ⑭ࡏ ᆺࡣ⏨ᛶ㸯ྡ ྡ/19 ྡ㸦⣙ ⣙ 㸦⣙ ⣙ 8.3㸣㸧 ࠊィ ィ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 66.5㸣㸧࡛ࠊᶆ ᶆ‽⏨ᛶ 5.3㸣㸧ࠊዪ ዪᛶ 2 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦16.7㸣㸧 㸧ࠊィ 3 ྡ/3 31 16 ྡ㸦⣙ 84.2 2㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 58.3 3㸣㸧ࠊィ ྡ㸦⣙ 9.7 7㸣㸧ࠊᶆ‽ࡣ ࡣ⏨ᛶ 16 ྡ㸦⣙ 84.2㸣㸧 㸧ࠊ 23 ྡ㸦⣙ 74.2㸣㸧ࠊ࣮࢜ࣂ ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺ⏨ ⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ ዪᛶ 6 ྡ㸦50㸣㸧ࠊィ ィ 22 ྡ㸦⣙ 71.0㸣㸧 7 ࠊ࣮࢜ ࣮ /19 9 ྡ㸦⣙ 10.5㸣 㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙ 33 3.3㸣㸧ࠊ ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ ࢺ⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ ྡ 10.5㸣 㸣㸧 ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ ィ 6 ྡ/31 ྡ㸦⣙ 19.4㸣㸧࡛ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦⾲ 2ࠊ⾲ 㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧 ࠊィ 6 ྡ㸦⣙ ྡ 19.4㸣 㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠋ 3ࠊᅗ 4㸧 Post ࡛ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺ⏨ᛶ 1 ྡ㸦⣙ 5.3㸣 㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ㸯ྡ ྡ ⾲㻟 䚷 㻮㻹 㻵䛻䛚䛡䜛⫧⑭ 㻵 ⑭ᗘูேᩘ䛾 䛾ྜ䠄 㻞 㻜 ṓ௦ᅜᖹᆒ ṓ ್䛸䛾ẚ㍑䠅䠅 ⑭ ⑭䛫ᆺ ᶆ‽ ‽ 䜸䞊 䞊䝞䞊䜴䜵䜲䝖 䝖 ⏨ᛶ㼜㼜㼞㼑 㻡㻚㻟㻑 㻤㻠㻚㻞㻑㻑 㻝㻜㻚㻡㻑 ⏨ᛶ㼜㼛 㼛㼟㼠 㻡㻚㻟㻑 㻤㻠㻚㻞㻑㻑 㻝㻜㻚㻡㻑 ᅜ⏨ ⏨ᛶ 㻠㻚㻣㻑 㻢㻢㻚㻣㻑㻑 㻞㻤㻚㻢㻑 ዪᛶ㼜㼜㼞㼑 㻝㻢㻚㻣㻑 㻡㻜㻚㻜㻑㻑 㻟㻟㻚㻟㻑 ዪᛶ㼜㼛 㼛㼟㼠 㻤㻚㻟㻑 㻡㻤㻚㻟㻑㻑 㻟㻟㻚㻟㻑 ᅜዪ ዪᛶ 㻝㻞㻚㻟㻑 㻢㻣㻚㻠㻑㻑 㻞㻜㻚㻟㻑 ཧ↷䠖ᖹᡂ㻞㻡ᖺᅜẸ Ẹᗣ䞉ᰤ㣴ㄪᰝ ᰝ 132 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸳 㞃ࢀ⫧ ⫧‶ ⫧‶ᗘ ᗘࡀᶆ‽⠊ᅖ ᅖ㸦18.5ӌBM MI㸺25.0kg/㹫 㹫 2㸧 ᨥܖٻ ܖኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ӭ ィ 8 ྡ/31 ྡ㸦⣙ ྡ 25.8㸣 㸣㸧ࡀ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ ‶ุᐃࡉ ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࢀ post ࡛ࡣ⏨ ⏨ᛶ 5 ྡ㸦⣙ 26.3㸣㸧ࠊ ࠶ࡾࠊୟࡘ⫧‶㸦 㸦య⬡⫫⋡⏨ᛶ ᛶ 20㸣௨ୖࠊ ࠊዪ ዪᛶ ዪ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ ⣙ 16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ ィ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 22.6㸣㸧࡛ 2 ᛶ 30㸣㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊpre ࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶ ᛶ4 ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠶ 㸦⾲ 1ࠊ⾲ 2ࠊᅗ ᅗ 5㸧 ྡ/19 ྡ㸦⣙ 21.1㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ/12 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣 㸣㸧ࠊ 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸴 㦵᱁➽ ➽㔞 ࡽࢀࡓࡀ᭷ព ࡽ ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡓࠋዪᛶࡣ pre ࡢ ࡢ㦵᱁➽㔞ࡣ ࡣ 25.3s5.7k kg ࡛࠶ࡾࠊp post pre p ್ 19.9s s2.9kg ࡛ࠊp post ್ 20.5s2.3kg ್ࡢ 25.6s5.4kg ࡢ㛫᭷ព࡞ ࡞ቑຍ㸦P㸺0 0.05㸧 ࡢ㛫᭷ព࡞ ࡢ ࡞ቑຍ(P<0.055)ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࢀࡓ 㸦⾲ 1ࠊ ࡀㄆࡵࡽ ࡽࢀࡓࠋ⏨ዪ ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 28. 6s ᅗ 6㸧ࠋ 4.1kgࠊpost ್ 28.8 8s3.9kg ࡛ࠊቑຍഴྥࡀ ࡀࡳ 133 ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜܖܖဃ↝៲ ៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸵 BMC pre e ್ 2.87s0.41kgࠊpostt ್ 2.88s0.41kg ࡛ BMC ࡣ ࡣࠊpre ್ 2.6 63s0.48kgࠊpost ್ 2.6 65 ࡰ ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗ ࡗࡓࠋ ዪᛶࡣ p pre ್ 2.25s s0.27kgࠊ s0.47kg ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭷ព ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ ࡀࠊ posst ್ 2.30s0 0.21kg ࡛ቑຍ ຍഴྥࡀࡳࡽ ࡽࢀࡓࡀ ࡸࡸቑຍഴ ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ ࢀࡓࠋ⏨ዪูࡳࡿ⏨ᛶ ᛶ ᭷ព ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 7㸧 7 ࠋ 㸲 ⪃ᐹ ᐹ 㸱㸬㸰 㐠 㐠ື⩦័ 㐠ື⩦័ ័ࡣᖹᆒ 1.0 0s2.0 ᅇ/㐌࡛ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐠ື⩦ ⩦ ័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ ⪅ࡣ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 22.6㸣㸧ࠊ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ ࠖ ࡢࡳࡢᏛ⏕ ⏕ࡣ 24 ྡ㸦 㸦⣙ 77.4㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ ࡞ ࠾ࠊ㐠ື⩦ ⩦័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ ⪅ࡣ㸯ᅇ 30 ศ௨ୖࡢ㐠ື ື ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅ ᮏ ࡅࡿ㌟㛗ᖹᆒ ᆒ್㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ ᅗ 1㸧ࡣ ࠸ࡎ ࡎࢀࡶ post ್࠾࠸࡚ࢃ ್ ࢃࡎ㧗 ࡗࡓࠋ㌟ 㛗ࡀ ࡀ 0.5~1.0cm m ఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡓ 5 ྡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᡂ ࢆ㐌 3 ᅇ௨ ௨ୖ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ ࠾ࡾࠊ࡚⏨ᛶ㸦ᖹᆒ 1.6 63 㛗 ࡼࡿࡶࡢ ᐃㄗᕪ࡞ ࡢᅇࡢ ᐃ࡛ࡣ s2.34 ᅇ//㐌㸧࡛ዪᛶ 㐠ື⩦័ࡢ ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ ࡞ ุᐃ ᐃ⬟࡛࠶ࡗ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ ⾲ 1㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㡯┠ ┠ ࡘ࠸࡚ 㐠ື⩦័ ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ ࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ ࡵ Pearson ಀ ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡀ ࡀࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝ ᰝ ࠾࠸࡚┦ ┦㛵㛵ಀࡣㄆ ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 2㸧 ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ⩌ య㔜ᖹᆒ್ య ⩌ኚ ࡣࡳ ࡳࡽࢀࡎࠊዪ ዪᛶ⩌࡛ࡣ᭷ ᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ ࡀῶᑡഴ ྥࡀ ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊpre ࠾ ࠾ࡼࡧ post 㛫ࡢయ⬡ 㛫 ⫫⋡ ⋡㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ ᅗ 3㸧ࢆẚ㍑ࡍ ࡍࡿ᭷ព ῶᑡ 㸦P P<0.01㸧ࡋ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇ ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ⏨ᛶ ᛶࡀࡸࡸ 㸱㸬㸱 ฟᖍᅇᩘ ⿕᳨⪅ࡢ ࡢ ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ ᐇᢏࠖ ᖹᆒฟᖍᅇᩘࡣ 13..4 ῶᑡ ᑡഴྥࡀࡳࡽ ࡽࢀࡿࡀ᭷ព ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࢀࡎࠊዪ ᛶ ࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ ࡽ࡞ῶᑡ㸦 P㸺0.001㸧ࡀ ࡀㄆࡵࡽ s1.9 ᅇ࡛ ࡛ࠊ⏨ዪู࡛ࡣ ࡣ⏨ᛶ 13.3s s1.7 ᅇࠊዪᛶ ᛶ ࢀࡓ ࡓࡇࡽࠊዪᛶ⩌ࡢῶ ῶᑡࡀࡁࡃᙳ ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓ 13.4s2.0 0 ᅇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋ ⪃ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ ᅇࡢㄪᰝ ࠾࠸࡚᭷ព ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࢀ ࡓ㡯┠ࡘ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊP Pearson ಀᩘ ᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ฟᖍ ᖍ ᅇᩘࡢ┦ ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆㄪ ㄪࡓࡀࠊ᫂࡞┦㛵㛵ಀ ಀ ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ㌟㛗య㔜ࡢ ㌟ ࡢྜࢆ⾲ࡍ ࡍ BMI㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 4㸧 ࡣࠊ ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌ ⩌㛫࠾࠸࡚ ࡚ࡶ pre ࠾ࡼ ࡼࡧ post 㛫 ኚࡣࡳࡽ ࡽࢀࡎࡰྠ ྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠋᅗ 8ࠊ ᅗ 9 ࡣࠊᮏᏛᏛ Ꮫ⏕(5)ᖹᡂ 225 ᖺᗘᅜẸᗣ࣭ᰤ 134 ᨥܖٻ ܖኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ӭ 㣴ㄪᰝ⤖ ⤖ᯝ㸦ཌ⏕ປ ປാ┬㸪2014㸹㹮4㸫5㸧ࡢ ࡢẚ ࡀከ࠸ࠋዪᛶ ࡀ ᛶ⩌ࡢయ⬡⫫⋡ ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠕࢫ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ ㍑࡛࠶ࡿ ࡿ㸦⾲ 3ࠊᅗ ᅗ 8ࠊᅗ 9㸧ࠋᅜᖹᆒ್ ࡢ ᢏࠖ௨እࡢ᪥ ᢏ ᪥ᖖ㐠ື⩦័ ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡽࠊ⫧‶ ẚ㍑࠾ ࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶࡣ ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺ࡛ྠ➼ ➼ࠊᶆ‽್ࡣ ࡣ ࡼࡿ࣮࢜ࣂ ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᅜᖹᆒࡼ ࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊ࢜ ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ ࢺࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ ࡀᑡ ⫧‶⪅ᩘࡶ ⫧ ᅜᖹᆒ್ࡼ ࡾከ࠸ࡇࡀ ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࠊ ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡓࠋ㐠ື⩦័ ័ࡽ᥎ᐹࡍࡿࠊᮏᏛ ࠾ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⑭ࡏᆺ ᆺࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ࡣ pre ࡛ ࠸࡚ࡣ ࢫ࣮ࣜࢺ ከ࠸➽⫗㔞㐣 㐣ከࡼࡿ࢜ ࣮࢜ ᅜᖹᆒࢆୖᅇ ᅜ ᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ ࠊpost ࡛ࡣ ᅜᖹᆒࡼ ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ ࢙ࢺࡢᏛ⏕ ⏕ࡣᑡ࡞࠸Ⅽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡞⤖ ࡾᑡ࡞࠸ࠋዪ ࡾ ዪᛶ⩌ࡢᶆ‽⠊ ⠊ᅖᩘࡀ pre e ࡼࡾ post ᯝ࡞ࡗ ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡿ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶ ᛶ⩌ࡣᅜᖹ ᖹᆒ ࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ ࡛ ࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊ ࠊ⑭ࡏᆺࡽ ࡽᶆ‽⠊ᅖ ࡼࡾᶆ‽ ‽⠊ᅖࡀᑡ࡞ ࡞ࡃ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡢᏛ Ꮫ⏕ ⛣⾜ࡋࡓ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠋ 㞃ࢀ⫧ ⫧‶⪅ࡣࠊprre࣭post 㛫 ࠾࠸࡚Ṥ ࡢ ࡣ㸯ྡቑ࠼࡚ ࡣ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ BMI ุᐃᇶ‽ ⪅ࡀయ⬡ ⬡⫫⋡ࡢῶᑡ ᑡ㸦ᅗ 10㸧ࢆࡳࡓࠋ⏨ᛶ⩌ ⩌࡛ ࡀࠊpre ࡛⫧ ࡢቃ⏺ᇦ࠸ ࡢ ࠸ࡓᏛ⏕㸯ྡࡀ ⫧‶ࡽࢃ 135 ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜܖܖဃ↝៲ ៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ ࡎ BM MI ࡀῶࡾࠊpost ࡛㞃ࢀ⫧ ⫧‶⛣⾜ࡋ ࡋ ⏺ᇦ ᇦ㏆࠸್ࡲ ࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡀࡳ ࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡓ⤖ᯝᛮ ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋዪ ዪᛶ⩌ࡣయ⬡⫫⋡ࡢ᭷ព࡞ ࡞ 㦵᱁➽㔞ࡘ 㦵 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ ⏨ᛶࡣࡸࡸቑຍ ຍഴྥࡀ ῶᑡࡀࡳࡽ ࡽࢀࠊ2 ྡࡀ ࡀ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࡽ⬺༷ࡋࡓࠋ ࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ᭷ព ពᕪࡣ࡞ࡃዪ ዪᛶࡢࡳ᭷ព ቑຍࡋ ࡲࡓࠊposst ࡛㞃ࢀ⫧‶ ‶ุᐃࡢ 2 ྡࡘ࠸࡚ࡶቃ ቃ ࡚࠸ ࠸ࡓࠋ ዪᛶ⩌ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊయ㔜ࡸ య BMI ࡞እぢኚ ኚ ὀ࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ὀ ⊩ ࡀࡳࡽࢀ ࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ ࡀࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ࡸ㦵᱁➽㔞࡞ ࡞ ࡢ㌟య⤌ ⤌ᡂ᭷ព࡞ ࡞ኚࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸦1 1㸧బࠎᮌ 㐨Ꮚ㸸2000㸪 㐨 ࠕ ࠕ⨾ᐜಖᏛᑓ ᑓᨷᏛ⏕ࡢ యᡂศศᯒ̿In Body ࢆ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚̿ࠖ㸪 ࠗᒣ㔝◊✲ ࠗ ⣖せ࠘vol.8 8 㹮95㸫1000 ࠕዪ 㸦2 2㸧᪂ᇼ ከ㈡Ꮚ㸸2013㸪 ዪᏊ⏕ࡢࠕ㞃 㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࠖ ᅉᏊࡢศᯒࠖ㸪 ࠗே㛫⏕ά ࠗ ࡢᐇែㄪᰝࡑࡢ⫼ᬒᅉ ᩥ◊✲࠘No.23 㹮1477㸫150 㸦3 3㸧ᐑᮧ ⱱ⣖ ⣖㸸2002㸪ࠕᮏ Ꮫṇㄢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࡀ Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㌟యෆ㒊᪥ࡢຠ ຠᯝᨵၿཬࡰ ࡰࡍຠᯝ 㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸦9㸧㸫య㔜༊ ༊ศูࡼࡿ㌟ ㌟య≉ᛶࡢ ᳨ウࡽ㸫ࠖ㸪ࠗᩍ⫱ㅖᏛ Ꮫ◊✲࠘➨ 16 ᕳ ᕳ 㹮55 㸫65 㸦4 4㸧≟అ ▱Ꮚ Ꮚ㸸2010㸪ࠕዪ ዪᏊ⏕ࡢ㋖㦵 㦵㦵㔞ᙳ 㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࠖ㸪ࠗᚨᓥ ᓥᩥ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ ✲⣖せ࠘➨ 79 ྕ 㹮11㸫23 㸦5 5㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬ ┬㸸2014㸪 ࠕᖹᡂ ᡂ 25 ᖺᗘᅜẸ Ẹᗣ࣭ᰤ 㣴ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢᴫせࠖ㸪㹮11㸫31 㸳 ⤖ㄽ ᮏㄪᰝ ࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶ ᛶ⩌ࡢࡳయ య⬡⫫⋡ࡢ᭷ព ព ࡞ῶᑡ㦵 㦵᱁➽㔞ࡢ᭷ ᭷ព࡞ቑຍࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ ࡇ ࡽࠊ㐠 㐠ື⩦័ࡀ࡞ ࡞ࡃึᮇỈ‽ ‽ࡢప࠸ⱝ⪅ࢆ ࢆ ᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ ࡓሙྜࠊ㐌 1 ᅇ 90 ศࡢ ࡢㅮ⩏ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ ࣮ ࢶᐇᢏࠖࡣ ࡣࠊ㌟య⤌ᡂ ᡂࡢᨵၿᙺ ᙺ❧ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ ࡀ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ ࡓࠋణࡋࠊ ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ᰤ㣴࠾ ࠾ ࡼࡧᚰ⌮ⓗ ⓗഃ㠃ࢆㄪᰝ ᰝࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅽࠊ᭦࡞ࡿ᳨ ᳨ ウࡀᚲせ࡛ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 137 ݢஜ≝܇ڭဃ෨ܖ፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ إԓ∝૰ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒ ဃ෨ܖ፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ ݢஜ‒ ܇ڭ1 äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ഏɭˊᏋॖᜤ‒ ʐ࠷δችᅕ̬ͤ‒ ⁀‵″⁅⁆ ⇽∓⇖∏∆‒ ɶ᭗࠰ᎍ‒ ဃ෨ܖ፼‒ 㸯㸬ၥ㢟┠ⓗ ᗘ ࡢ ࡦ ࡘ NCATS 㸦 Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale㸧 㸦Sumner & Spitetz, 㸯㸬㸯 Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ࠾ࡅࡿḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸ ࣈ࡞ᨭࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ Ꮚࡶࡑࡢ㣴⫱⪅㸦ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ぶᏊ⾲⌧ ࡍࡿ㸧ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢᗣࢆᏲࡾ⫱ࡴࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍ ࡿ⮫ᗋάືஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ㸦Infant Mental Health: IMH 㸧㸦 Zeanah & Zeanah, 2009; Weatherston, 2002㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋIMH ࡛ࡣ㸪᪩ᮇ ࡢぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀὀ㸯㸧㸪Ꮚࡶࡢே⏕ࡢ ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴⫱⪅ࡢᏳ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ㛵 ಀᛶࡢᵓ⠏ࡀࡑࡢぶᏊࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ࡞Ⓨ㐩ࡢᇶ ┙ࡋ࡚ᐤࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋぶᏊࡢ㛵 ಀᛶࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶ㸪㣴⫱⪅㸪⎔ቃ࠸ࡗࡓ」ྜ ⓗせᅉࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡀ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢṍࡳࡽ⏕ࡌࡿ ᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟㸦㣴⫱⪅ࡢ⫱ඣᅔ㞴㸪⫱ඣᏳ㸪 ᚅ➼㸧ᑐࡍࡿண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡸᚋⓗࣉ ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ヨࡳࡀᅜෆእ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Banerjee & Tamis-Lemonda, 2007; Hirose et al., 2007; Jung, Short, Letourneau, & Andrews, 2007; ᑎᮏ, 2006㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡢせ࡞ࡿࡢࡀ㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀ ᛶࢆ࠸⌮ゎࡋ㸪ᐈほⓗᰝᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ⓗᗈࡃᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᰝᐃᑻ ‒ 2004; ᘅ℩, 2006㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋNCATS ࡣ㸪 㐟ࡧࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮚࡶᩍ࠼ࡿሙ㠃࠾ࡅࡿぶᏊ ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑻᗘࡋ࡚ࡢ ಙ㢗ᛶ㸪ཬࡧጇᙜᛶࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sumner & Spitetz, 2004; ᘅ℩, 2006; ᘅ℩࣭ᑎᮏ, 2010; Teramoto, Hirose & Bakeman, 2010㸧 ࠋࡇࡢᑻ ᗘࢆࡣࡌࡵぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎᨭࢆ┠ⓗ ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ NCAST㸦Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training㸧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋNCATS ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡢ㛤Ⓨᬑཬ㸪ཬࡧ ࡑࡢ⌮ᛕᇶ࡙ࡃ⮫ᗋάືࡸ◊✲άືࡣ㸪ぶᏊ ࢆᨭࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞㡿ᇦࡢᑓ㛛⫋⪅㸦⢭⚄⛉་ᖌ㸪 ᑠඣṑ⛉་ᖌ㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮ኈ㸪┳ㆤᖌ㸪ಖᖌ㸪 ຓ⏘ᖌ㸪ಖ⫱ኈ㸪♫⚟♴ኈ㸪≉ูᨭᏛᰯᩍ ㅍ㸪┳ㆤ⣔Ꮫᩍဨ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅➼㸧 ࢆ୰ᚰ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᘅ℩, 2006; ᘅ℩࣭ᑎᮏ, 2010; ᑎᮏ, 2012㸧ࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⌧ᐇၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾ ᨭ࠼ࡿᙺࢆᑓ㛛⫋⪅ࡢࡳࡀᢸ࠺ࡣ㸪ࢥࢫࢺ 㠃࡛ࡶ࣐ࣥࣃ࣮࣡ࡢ㠃࡛ࡶ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋぶᏊࡢ ᪥ࠎࡢ⏕άᐦ╔ࡋ㸪⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿ ࡣ㸪ᑓ㛛⫋⪅௨እࡢᆅᇦ㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㸧ࡢே ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ ‣‣ உ ‣ ଐӖྸ‒ Psychoeducational program for promoting attitude toward nurturing the next generation in lifelong learning course. “‣ ⁆⁓⁗⁝‒⁆⁗⁓ ‒ ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᢿ‒ ‒ ⓗ㈨※ࢆ᥀ࡾ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭷ຠ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ෆ㛶ᗓ, 2011; ⲡ㔝࣭ෆ⏣࣭⁁㑔࣭ྜྷ ὠ, 2012㸧ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸୍⯡ࡢᕷẸ㸦ᆅᇦఫ 138 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ Ẹ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡀ⤊ࡋࡓୡ௦㸪ࡇࢀࡽぶ࡞ࡿ United Nations Educational, Scientific and ୡ௦➼㸧ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢᏛ Cultural Organization: U.N.E.S.C.O. 㸧 ࡸ ࡧࡢሙࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪ぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿయไࡢ〈 OECD㸦⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸪Organization for 㔝ࢆᗈࡆ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚┤᥋ⓗࡣ㛵ಀࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪 Economic Co-operation and Development㸧ࡀ ♫࡛ᗈࡃぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ḟୡ௦⫱ ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢࡓࡵ 1960 ᖺ௦ᥦၐࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛ ᡂព㆑ࢆࡶࡗࡓᨭయไ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ḟୡ௦ࢆ ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅜࡀᅜẸᑐࡋ࡚⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍ ⫱ࡴࡇᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗែᗘࡸ㛵ᚰࢆάᛶࡉ ࡿࡇࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇࡢᥦ࡛ ࡏ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤᛶࡸព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓ㸦ḟୡ௦ࢭ ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦℩, 2010㸧ࠋࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ ࣥࢩࢸࣈ࡞㸧ᨭࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦ேⓗὶ ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢே᱁ࢆ☻ࡁ㸪㇏࡞ே⏕ࢆ㏦ ࡢពࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸪ཬࡧᨭάືࢆ⤖ࡧ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠖ㸪⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࢆ࠾ ࡅࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࠶ࡿ㸦⏣୰, 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡀ ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢሙࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀྛ ⤊ࡋࡓ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍ẁⴠࡋࡓ୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࡢ ᆅ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ヨࡳࡿၨⵚⓗᏛࡧ ὀ㸰㸧 ၨⵚάື㸦ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱㸧↔Ⅼࡍࡿ ࠋࡇࡢୡ ࡢሙࡋ࡚┦ᛂࡋ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ௦ࡣ㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ௦ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ♫ⓗ⫼ᬒࡢ ୰࡛⮬㌟ࡢᏊ⫱࡚ࢆయ㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚㸪⏕ 㸯㸬㸱 ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡢᡤᒓᏛ࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙࡢ ά㸪⮬㌟ࡢே⏕タィ➼࠾࠸࡚㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ ௦ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࢆ᭷ࡍࡿୡ௦⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ሙࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㸪୰㧗ᖺ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ ࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿどⅬࡸ㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ௦ࡢ 㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ ὶࡢ࠶ࡾࡓࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛࡧࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ ࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸࣈ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ Ꮚ⫱࡚య㦂ࡢࡩࡾ࠼ࡾ➼ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔᚰ⌮ᩍ ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏㈨ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ ⫱ࡀ㸪ඛ㏙ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸࣈᨭࢿࢵ ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢࡩࡾ࠼ࡾࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊ ࡽࡋ㸪ᚋࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ♧၀ࢆ ✲࠾ࡅࡿヨࡳࡣ㸪⫱ඣᏳ࣭ᅔ㞴ࡸᚅࡢண ᚓࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 㜵࠸ࡗࡓ⌧௦♫ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡢ୍ ຓᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ♫ⓗព⩏ࡣࡁ࠸࠸࠼ ࡿࠋ 㸰㸬ḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ሗ࿌ 㸯㸬㸰 Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞Ꮫࡧ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑓ 㛛ⓗෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓၨⵚⓗᏛࡧࡢሙࡣࡢࡼ ࠺☜ಖࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡦࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫࡢබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᏛࡢ බ㛤ㅮᗙࡣ㸪Ꮫࡢᆅᇦ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚㸪ᆅᇦఫẸ ⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡿᏛࡧ࡛࠶ࡿ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢሙࢆᥦ౪ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦℩, 2009, 2010㸧ࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ࡣ㸪ࣘࢿࢫࢥ㸦ᅜ㝿㐃ྜᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫᩥᶵ㛵㸪 㸰㸬㸯 ᐇᮇ㛫 ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺࡽ 26 ᖺࡅ࡚ᖺ㸯ᅇ㸪ྜィ 4 ᅇヨࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦ྛᅇ 2 ࢥ࣐ 3 㛫ࡢᐇ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ㸧ࠋྛᅇࡢࢱࢺࣝࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᅇ➨ 2 ᅇࡣࠕே 㛫ࡢࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡢⓎ㐩㸸ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖධ㛛ࠖ㸪 ➨ 3 ᅇࡣࠕே㛫ࡢࡇࡇࢁࡢⓎ㐩ୡ௦㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ㸪➨ 4 ᅇࡣࠕே㛫ࡢࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡢ Ⓨ㐩㸸ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋㅮᖌ ࡣᮏ✏ⴭ⪅ࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ 139 ݢஜ≝܇ڭဃ෨ܖ፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ 㸰㸬㸰 ཧຍ⪅ ᅇࡢᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡣ㸪⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪 ᑡேᩘ࡛ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭࣮࣡ࢡࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ 㸰㸬 㸱㸬 㸰ෆᐜղ㸸ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ㸦Infant Mental Health: IMH㸧 ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ເ㞟ேᩘࡣྛᅇ⣙ 10 ྡ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢཧ Ꮚࡶᐙ᪘࣭㣴⫱⪅ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ ຍேᩘࡶࡑࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡢ 29 ྡࡢཧຍ Ᏺࡾ⫱ࡴࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿᐇ㊶άື࡛࠶ࡿஙᗂ ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸦⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 22 ྡ㸧㸪୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࡢ ඣ⢭⚄ಖࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓࠋIMH ࡛ࡣ㸪㛵ಀ ᪉ࠎࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡸ⫋ᴗࡋ ᛶࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢᗣࢆᏲ ࡚Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧 ࡾ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࡢලయⓗάືࡋ࡚㸪⫱ඣᚲせ࡞ ᪉㸪Ꮮ⫱࡚ࡢ᭱୰ࡢ᪉㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ‽ഛࢆࡋࡓ࠸ ≀㈨ࡢᥦ౪➼ࡢලయⓗຓ㸪ẕぶࡢᛮ࠸ࡢඹ ᪉㸪Ⓩᰯ࣭ᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ࣭ࢽ࣮ࢺ➼ࡢ┦ㄯᛂ ឤ࣭ཷᐜ➼ࡢ⥴ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪ᏊࡶࡢⓎ㐩 ࡌࡿ࢟ࣕࣜᨭᚑࡍࡿ᪉㸪⮬ศࡢᏊࡶ 㛵ࡍࡿ┦ㄯ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࠸ࡗࡓぶᏊ ୡ௦ࡢ㛵ಀᛶᝎࡳࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛㸪 ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺᨭ㸪ࢻ࣎࢝ࢩ࣮ ♫ⓗάືࡸ⚾⏕ά࠾࠸࡚㸪ᚰࡢⓎ㐩ࡸぶᏊ 㸦ᶒࡢ᧦ㆤ㸧㸪ぶᏊᚰ⌮⒪ἲࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ 㛵ಀ㸪ཬࡧḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ⯆࣭㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࠎ 㸦Weatherstone, 2002㸧㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᨭࡢᵝ┦ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛእ࡛ࡢ◊✲άືࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢࢸ࣮ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡋࡓࠋ ࣐⯆ࢆࡶࡗࡓ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢཧຍࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸰㸬 㸱㸬 㸱ෆᐜճ㸸Promoting First Relationships Program 㸰㸬㸱 ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜ 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸯ෆᐜձ㸸ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩㛵 ࡍࡿせᅉ Ꮚࡶᐙ᪘ࡢᏳ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢ㛵ಀ ᛶ㸦first relationships㸧ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ Promoting First Relation- ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗᴫᛕࡋ ships Program㸦Kelly, Zuckerman, Sandoval, ࡚㸪ឤ㸦affect㸧㸪ື㸦emotion㸧㸪⮬ᕫ㸦self㸧 & Buehlman, 2008㸧ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࢆ⤂ࡋ㸪 ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࢆᚰ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ ࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛⤂ࡋࡓ NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὀ㸱㸧ࡢ ࡚㸪▱ぬ㸦perception㸧㸪ᛮ⪃㸦thought㸧 㸪ゝㄒ࣭ ࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡣ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦language/communication㸧 㣴⫱⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡲࢀࡿᏑᅾ ࢆࢺࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ⪅ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࡞ึᮇࡢぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀ ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ඹྠὀព㸦joint attention㸧㸪 ᛶࡣ㸪ᏊࡶࡢᚋࡢⓎ㐩ࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡿࡇ㸪ࡑ ࢺࣦ࣮ࣞࢭࣥ㸦Trevarthen㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ㛫 ࡋ࡚㸪⫯ᐃⓗ⮬ᕫほ㸪Ᏻᚰឤ㸪ᒃሙᡤឤࡀ⫱ࡲ ほᛶ㸦intersubjectivity㸧㸪࢚ࣜࢡࢯࣥ㸦Erikson㸧 ࢀࡿᅵተ࡞ࡿࡇࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡚ࡢᏊ ࡢ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ಙ 㢗 㸦 basic trust 㸧㸪 ࣎ ࢘ ࣝ ࣅ ࡶࡗ࡚࡞㛵ಀᛶࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮚ 㸦Bowlby㸧ࡢឡ╔㸦attachment㸧ࢆ⤂ࡋࡓࠋ ࡶࡸࡑࡢᐙ᪘≉ู࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ⤂ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ ᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿ≉ู࡞ᨭࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ ࡢⓎ㐩࠾ࡅࡿ㸪㣴⫱⪅➼ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ 㛵ಀᛶࢆᏲࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᛶࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡋࡓࠋ ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲ࡋ࡚㸪ಶูᛶ ࡲࡓ㸪ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ࠸࠺ᚰⓗᶵ⬟⬻ 㸦uniqueness㸸ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᣢࡕ㸪ಶேᕪ㸧㸪 ᶵ⬟ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸ㸪ே㛫ࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩㐣⛬⬻ࡢึᮇ ᛂ⟅ᛶ㸦responsiveness㸸ឤཷᛶ㇏࡞ࡸࡾ Ⓨ㐩ࡢ㛵㐃㸪 ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩࠾ࡼࡧ⬻ᶵ⬟ࡢ ࡾ㸧㸪ඹឤ㸦empathy㸸࠾࠸ࡢẼᣢࡕࡸ⾜ືࡢ Ⓨ㐩ࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡿ⪅ࡢ᪩ᮇࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡘ࠸ ⌮ゎ㸧 㸪❧࡚┤ࡋ㸦repair㸸ᏊࡶࡢẼᣢࡕᩄ ࡚ゎㄝࡋ㸪⫾ඣᮇࡽஙᗂඣᮇ࠸࠺Ⓨ㐩᪩ᮇ ឤᛂࡌ࡚㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜ືࢆㄪᩚࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶ 140 ࢆⴠࡕ╔ࡏࡿ㸧㸪┦ᛶ㸦mutuality㸸࠾࠸ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸳 ෆᐜյ㸸ୡ௦㛫ὶぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ಙ㢗ࡋ㸪ᴦࡋࡴ㸧ࡢ 5 ࡘࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ ୡ௦㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢚ࣜࢡࢯࣥ ࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ 㸦Erikson㸧ࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮࣭♫ⓗ ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ ༴ᶵࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࡓ㸦Erikson & Erikson, 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸲 ෆᐜմ㸸BabyCues Program 1997㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᐙ᪘ᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᏊ ྠࡌࡃ㸪NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ⫱࡚ᨭࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡣ␗࡞ࡿୡ௦㸪 Ꮚࡶࡢ᭱ึࡢࡇࡤ࡛࠶ࡿࢧࣥ㸦cues㸧 㸦Ꮚ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮚࡶୡ௦㸪ぶୡ௦㸪♽∗ẕୡ௦ࡀ ࡶࡢど⥺㸪㢦ࡢ⾲㸪㌟యࡢືࡁ㸪Ⓨኌ࣭Ⓨ 㛵ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⓎ㐩ㄢ㢟ࡀྠⓎ⏕ࡍࡿᵝ ヰ➼㸧ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡍᨭࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ Ꮚࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑡᏊ㧗㱋㸪 BabyCues Program㸦NCAST programs, 2003㸧 ᰾ᐙ᪘㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㸦ᆅᇦ♫㸧ࡢᔂቯ㸪 ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ஙඣ ᆅᇦఫẸࡢᏙ❧㸪ୡ௦㛫ࡢศ᩿࠸ࡗࡓ♫⫼ ࡣゝㄒࢆ࠸ጞࡵࡿ௨๓ࡽ㸪㢦ࡢ⾲ࡸ㌟య ᬒ࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ୡ௦㛫ὶࡢᚲせᛶࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ ࡢືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࢧࣥࡼࡗ࡚ឤࡸせᮃ㸦ࢽ࣮ ࡓ㸦ⲡ㔝࣭㔠⏣࣭㛫㔝࣭ᰠ, 2009; ⲡ㔝࣭ෆ⏣࣭ ࢬ㸧ࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ஙᗂඣࡢࢧࣥ ⁁㑔࣭ྜྷὠ, 2012㸧ࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪ୡ௦㛫ὶࡢ ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࡸせᮃ㸦࠼ࡤ㸪 ࡋ࡚㸪♽∗ẕୡ௦㸪ぶୡ௦㸪Ꮚ࣭Ꮮୡ௦࠸࠺ ࡞ࡔࡵ࡚ࡋ࠸㸪㐟ࢇ࡛ḧࡋ࠸㸧ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ୕ୡ௦㛫ࡢὶ㸪ᆅᇦࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ㸦ࣇ࣑ࣜ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋᏊࡶࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡣࢧࣥ ࣮ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᗈሙ㸪ಖ⫱ᅬ࡛ ࡽᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢࢧ ࡢୡ௦㛫ὶ㸪⤮ᮏࡢㄞࡳ⪺ࡏ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ ࣥࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡇࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢឤཷᛶ㇏ ➼㸧 㸪ୡ௦㛫࣓ࣥࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸦Ⓩᰯ㸪ࢽ࣮ࢺ㸪≢ ࡞ᑐᛂࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㔜せࡉࢀࡿࠋࢧࣥ ⨥➼㛵ࡍࡿ㧗㱋ᕷẸࡼࡿ㟷ᑡᖺࡢⓎ㐩ᨭ㸧 ࡣ㸪ゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㠀ゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋୡ௦㛫ὶࡸぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࠾ ぶࡢࢧࣥ㸦engagement cues㸧᎘ᝏࡢࢧ ࡅࡿⴱ⸨ࡸၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓ㸦Ặ ࣥ㸦disengagement cues㸧ูࡉࢀࡿࠋぶ ᐙ࣭㧗℈, 2011㸧ࠋ ࡣ✚ᴟⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཧຍࡋࡓ ࠸㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣཧຍࡍࡿ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆ 㸰㸬㸲 ྛᅇࡢෆᐜ ᣦࡋ㸪᎘ᝏࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཧຍࡍࡿ ྛᅇ࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ୖグࡢෆᐜ ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࡞࠸㸪ఇ᠁ࡋࡓ࠸㸪୰Ṇࡋࡓ࠸ ձࡽյࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪➨㸯ᅇࡀձ㸪ղ㸪ճ㸪մ㸪➨ ࠸࠺㠀✚ᴟⓗ࡞≧ែࢆᣦࡍࠋ୧⪅ࡣ㸪᭦ᙉ࠸ 㸰ᅇࡀձ㸪ղ㸪յ㸪➨㸱ᅇࡀձյ㸪➨㸲ᅇࡀ ࢧࣥᙅ࠸ࢧࣥศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋᙉ࠸ぶࡢ ձ㸪ճ㸪յ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋẖᅇ㸪ෆᐜࢆධࢀ᭰࠼࡚ ࢧࣥ㸦㸸ᚤ➗ࡴ㸪ぢࡘࡵྜ࠺㸪㣴⫱⪅ᡭ ࡚ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡀ⥙⨶ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋㅮ⩏ ࢆఙࡤࡍ➼㸧ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡣゐࢀࡿ㸪ゝⴥ ຍ࠼࡚㸪ㅮᖌཷㅮ⪅㸪ཬࡧཷㅮ⪅㛫ࡢ᪉ྥ ࢆࡅࡿ㸪࣭ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࢆࡿ➼ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗ ࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧ㸦ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸧ࢆ ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋᙉ࠸᎘ᝏࡢࢧ ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ㅮ⩏㛤ጞࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࢽࣥ ࣥ㸦㸸Ἵࡃ㸪⫼୰ࢆࡑࡽࡏࡿ㸪ᢲࡋࡸࡿ㸧 ࢢ࣭ࢡ࢚ࢫࢳࣙࣥࡋ࡚㸪ࠕࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡣఱ࡛ ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡀⴠࡕࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺ຓࡅ㸪㐺 ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࢆᢞࡆࡅࡓࡾ㸪ୡ௦ ษຓࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋࢧࣥࡸࡑࡢ⫼ 㛫ὶ㛵ࡍࡿㅮ⩏ࡢᚋ࡛㸪 ࠕୡ௦㛫ὶࡘ࠸ ᚋ࠶ࡿࢽ࣮ࢬࡢ⌮ゎ㸪ཬࡧ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࡼࡗ ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡅࢆ ࡚㸪Ⰻዲ࡞ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭ࢹࢫ࢝ ㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ ࢵࢩࣙࣥᙧᘧ࡛㸪ࠕぶᏊࡢⰋዲ࡛࡞㛵ಀᛶࠖ 141 ݢஜ≝܇ڭဃ෨ܖ፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ グ ࡸࠕぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᨭࠖࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ ᣢࡗࡓࠋཷㅮ⪅㛫ࡢάⓎ࡞ពぢࡀぢཷࡅࡽ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ -636 ⛉◊㈝ ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ ࢀࡓࠋ 㸱 ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ᪥ࠎࡢ♫ⓗάືࡋ࡚Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭࡸ㟷ᑡᖺ ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜᨭࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉㸪⚾⏕ά࡛Ꮮୡ ௦ࡸᏊࡶୡ௦ࡢὶㄢ㢟ࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࡀཧຍ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿḟ ୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢ ヨࡳࡣኚ㐍⾜ࡋࡓࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡽࡣ㸪⮬ ศࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᨭάືࡢព⩏ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ ࡓ㸪⮬ศࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀࢆぢࡘࡵ┤ࡍᶵ࡞ࡗࡓ ➼ࡢឤࡀฟࡉࢀ㸪ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢ₯ ᅾⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᅇࡢヨࡳࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ෆᐜձࡽ յ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡶ㸪 ὀ 㸧 ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⓎ㐩࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 Bornstein & Tamis-Lemonda㸦2010㸧ࡣぶᏊ┦ స⏝ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㸲ࡘᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪⮬ᕫ⌮ゎ㸪 ⪅⌮ゎ㸪⮬ᕫ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎ➼ࡢ♫ⓗ ㄆ▱㛵㐃ࡍࡿ♫ⓗ⌮ゎࡢಁ㐍㸦promotion of social understanding㸧㸪ḟ㸪ᚋࡢᑐேㄆ▱ࡸᑐ ே㛵ಀࡢᅾࡾ᪉ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿぶᏊࡢⓗ⤎࡛࠶ࡿឡ ╔ࡢⓎ㐩㸦development of attachment㸧 㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪 ゝㄒࡢ⋓ᚓ㸦acquisition of language㸧 㸪᭱ᚋ㸪 Ꮚࡶࡢືࢆ㇏ࡍࡿഃ㠃ࡑࢀࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ ഃ㠃ࡽᡂࡿືㄪᩚࡢᡂ⇍㸦maturity of emotional regulation㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮃࡲࡋ࠸ぶᏊ┦స⏝ ࡢᛶ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡀᏊࡶ♧ࡍឤཷᛶ ㇏࡞ᛂ⟅ᛶ㸦sensitive-responsiveness㸧ࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Guralnick㸪2006㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪┦ ⓗ㸪ᜨⓗ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶ㇏࡞㣴⫱⪅ࡢᛂ⟅ ᛶࢆక࠺ぶᏊ┦స⏝ࡀ㸪ㄆ▱࣭ゝㄒ㸪♫ᛶ㸪 ឡ╔㸪ື࠸࠺㸪ே㛫ࡢ࡞Ⓨ㐩࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ ࡞㡿ᇦࡢᇶ┙ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡤ㸪ᨭࢆࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢀࢆᅔ㞴 ࡍࡿせᅉ㸦Ꮚࡶୡ௦ࡢ⫱ඣࢆᡭఏ࠸ࡓ࠸ ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪࠺㛵ࢃࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢᝎࡴ➼㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚᥀ࡾୗࡆࡿ➼㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜࡢᖜࢆᗈࡆ࡚ ᭦࡞ࡿᐇࢆᅗࡿᚲせᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏヨࡳࡣఱ➼ࡢࡓࡕ࡛ḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ 㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࡀ࡞ᑐ㇟⪅࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⫯ᐃ ⓗ࡞ឤࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㸪ᨭ ⪅ࢆ㛫᥋ⓗᨭࡍࡿࠕᨭ⪅ᨭࠖࡢᙺ ὀ 2㸧 ࡇࢀࡽぶ࡞ࡿୡ௦ᑐࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚㸪 㟷ᖺᮇ࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵 ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࢆヨࡳ㸪ᑎᮏ㸦2015㸧㸪ᑎᮏ࣭ᘅ℩㸦2013, 2015㸧࡛ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ὀ 3㸧 NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇࡣ㸪⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ Ꮫタ⤌⧊ࡼࡿᡤᐃࡢࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮㈨᱁ ࢆせࡍࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢ➹⪅ࡣ 2006 ᖺࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ ࣮ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪୰㧗ᖺ ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗ ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳࡣ㸪ᴫࡡண㏻ࡾࡢᒎ㛤 ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ᅇࡣࡑࡢ ຠᯝ ᐃ㸦Ᏻ⏣࣭Ώ㎶, 2008㸧ࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡽࡎ㸪 ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ṧࡉࢀࡓࠋ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ᅇࡢヨ ࡳࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸࣈ࡞ࢿࢵ ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏㈨ࡍࡿᶍ⣴ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ᚋࡶⓎᒎࡍࡃ㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Banerjee, P. N., & Tamis-Lemonda, C. S.: 2007, “Infants’ persistence and mothers’ teaching as predictors of toddlers’ cognitive development”, Infant Behavior and Development, Vol. 30, pp. 479-491. Bornstein, M.H., & Tamis-Lemonda, C.S.: 2010, “Parent-infant interaction”, Bremner, J.G., & Wachs, T.D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell hand- book of infant development: Vol.1, Basic research (2nd ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, New York, pp. 458-482. Erikson, E. H., & Erikson, J. M.: 1997, The life cycle completed. Expanded ed., Norton & Company, New York. 㸦ᮧ℩Ꮥ㞝࣭㏆⸨㑥ኵ㸦ヂ㸧: 2001, ࠗࣛࣇࢧࢡࣝࡑࡢ⤖ ቑ⿵∧࠘. ࡳ ࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி㸧. Guralnick, M.J.: 2006, “Family influences on early 142 development: Integrating the science of normative development, risk and disability, and intervention”, McCartney, K., & Phillips, D. (eds.), Blackwell handbook of early childhood development. , Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 44-61. ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ (┘ヂ) : 2006, ࠗ㣴⫱⪅/ぶ-Ꮚࡶ┦స ⏝: ࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ(᪥ᮏㄒ∧)࠘, NCAST ◊✲, ᮾி. Hirose, T., Teramoto, T., Saitoh, S., Takahashi, I., Hiramatsu, M., Okamitsu, M., Sonobe, M., Mikuni, K., Omori, T., & Shirakawa, S.: 2007, “Preliminary early intervention study using Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale in Japan”, Pediatrics International, Vol. 49, pp. 950–958. ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ࣭ᑎᮏጁᏊ㸦┘ಟ㸧: 2010, ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ NCATS ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸤ࢣ࣮ࢫࣈࢵࢡ࠘, NCAST ◊✲ , ᮾி. Jung, V., Short, R., Letourneau, N., & Andrews, D.: 2007, “Interventions with depressed mothers and their infants: modifying interactive behaviours”, Journal of affective disorders, Vol. 98, pp. 199-205. Kelly, J.F., Zuckerman, T.G., Sandoval, D., & Buehlman, K.: 2008, Promoting first relationships (2nd ed.), NCAST Publications, Seattle. ⲡ㔝⠜Ꮚ࣭㔠⏣Ꮚ࣭㛫㔝ⓒᏊ࣭ᰠᖾ㞝㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2009, ࠗୡ௦㛫ὶຠᯝ: ே㛫Ⓨ㐩ඹ⏕♫࡙ࡃࡾ ࡢどⅬࡽ࠘, ୕Ꮫฟ∧, ㈡. ⲡ㔝⠜Ꮚ࣭ෆ⏣ຬே࣭⁁㑔ᡂ࣭ྜྷὠᬗᏊ㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2012, ࠗከᵝ♫ࢆࡘࡴࡄୡ௦㛫ὶ: ḟୡ௦ࡢ ࠗ࠸ࡢࡕ࠘ࡢ㐃㙐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ࠘, ୕Ꮫฟ∧, ㈡. ෆ㛶ᗓ: 2011, ࠗᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ∧㧗㱋♫ⓑ᭩࠘. NCAST programs: 2003, BabyCues: A child’s first language. www.ncast.org. ℩ඞᙲ: 2009, ࠗ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᆅᇦάື࠘, Ꮫ ᩥ♫, ᮾி. ℩ඞᙲ: 2010, ࠗ➨ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢᏛබ㛤ㅮᗙ࠘, Ꮫ ᩥ♫, ᮾி. Sumner, G., & Spitetz, A.: 2004, NCAST: caregiv- er/parent-child interaction teaching manual. NCAST Publications, Seattle. ⏣୰㞞ᩥ: 2015, ࠕ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡣఱࠖ, ⏣୰㞞ᩥ࣭ ᆏཱྀ ⥳࣭ᰘ⏣ᙬ༓Ꮚ࣭ᐑᆅᏕᐅ㸦ⴭ㸧, ࠗࢸ࢟ ࢫࢺ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦: Ꮫࡧࡀࡘࡴࡄ᪂ࡋ࠸♫㸦᪂ゞ ∧㸧 ࠘, Ꮫᩥ♫, ᮾி, 1-14 㡫. ᑎᮏጁᏊ: 2012, ࠗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂᴗ㸦⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ ⿵ຓ㔠㸧◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸦◊✲ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 21590683㸧࠘. ᑎᮏጁᏊ: 2015, ࠕᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ 㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯ࠖ, ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋 Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, ➨ 14 ྕ, 25-35 㡫. ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ: 2013, ࠕぶ‽ഛᛶಁ㐍ࢶ࣮ࣝ ࡋ࡚ࡢ NCAST ᩍᮦࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࠖ, ࠗஙᗂඣ་Ꮫ࣭ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 22 ᕳ, 64-65 㡫. 㸦➨ 22 ᅇ᪥ᮏ ஙᗂඣ་Ꮫ࣭ᚰ⌮Ꮫሗ࿌㸧 ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ: 2015, ࠕḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯: NCAST ᩍᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓண ഛⓗヨࡳࠖ, ࠗ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ 57 ᅇ⥲Ⓨ ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟࠘, 558 㡫. ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ࣭ᩧ⸨᪩㤶ᯞ࣭୕ᅜஂ⨾࣭ᒸ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ගᇶᏊ࣭ᅬ㒊┿⨾࣭ⓑᕝᅬᏊ࣭⏣୰ඞᯞ࣭᳃㈗ ⚽ ࣭ ⃝ ⏣ ⨾ ࣭ ᶫ ᮏ 㔜 Ꮚ ࣭ ᑠ ᯘ ⚽ Ꮚ : 2006, ࠕ NCAST ᇶ ࡙ ࡃ ⫱ ඣ ᨭ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢ ホ ౯㸸ẕぶࡢ⫱ඣࢫࢺࣞࢫᏊࡶࡢⓎ㐩ࡽࡢ᳨ ウࠖ, ࠗᑠඣಖ◊✲࠘, ➨ 65 ᕳ, 439-447 㡫. Teramoro, T., Hirose, T., & Bakeman, R.: 2010, “A study of the validity of the Japanese Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (JNCATS) utilizing sequential analysis: A second analysis of mother-child teaching interaction”, Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol. 57, pp. 209-220. Ặᐙ㐩ኵ࣭㧗℈⿱Ꮚ㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2011, ࠗぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢ⏕ ᾭⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠘, 㢼㛫᭩ᡣ, ᮾி. Weatherston, D.J.: 2002, “Introduction to the infant mental health program”, Shirilla, J.J., & Weatherston, D.J. (eds.), Case studies in infant mental health: Risk, resiliency, and relationships. ZERO TO THREE, Washington DC (ᘅ℩ ࡓ࠸Ꮚ (┘ヂ) : 2007, ࠗஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖࢣ࣮ࢫࣈ ࢵࢡ㸸ࣇࣛࣂ࣮ࢢࡢ⫱ඣᨭ⒪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠘, 㔠๛ฟ∧, ᮾி). Ᏻ⏣⠇அ࣭Ώ㎶┤Ⓩ: 2008, ࠗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛホ౯ࡢ᪉ἲ࠘, ᪂᭙♫, ᮾி. Zeanah, C.H.,Jr., & Zeanah, P.D. : 2009, “The scope of Infant Mental Health”, Zeanah, C.H.,Jr. (ed.), Handbook of Infant Mental Health (3rd ed.), Guilford Press, New York, pp. 5-21. 143 ݢஜ≝܇ڭИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ إԓ∝૰ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒ ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝ ᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ ݢஜ‒ ܇ڭ1 äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖‒ ңӷܖ፼‒ ⇖∑∞⇽ܖ፼‒ ИሁɶሁᏋ‒ 㸯㸬ၥ㢟┠ⓗ ༠ാⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦࡛࠶ࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ ᚲせᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢡࢸ ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍ⛉Ꮫ⩦ࢆ୰ᚰ㸪 ୍ᩧᤵᴗࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍ᩧᤵᴗ ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀໃࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍᪉ྥ ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪▱㆑ࡸሗࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃఏ㐩࡛ࡁ ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅✚ᴟⓗ࡞ែ ᗘࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢘ࢺࠖࡢ ฟ⌧࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࡸ㸪ཷືⓗ ែᗘࡢㄏⓎࡸෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢῶ⾶➼ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡶᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ⓑ, 2011㸹ᇉ ⰼ, 2014; 㔝ᮧ࣭㔝, 2014㸧ࠋ ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧࡢᤵᴗ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩍᖌࡽඣ❺࣭ ⏕ᚐࡢ୍᪉ྥⓗ࡞ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ᩧᤵ ᴗᑐࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀయⓗ࣭✚ᴟⓗཧຍࡋ㸪 ᩍᖌࡸࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ྥⓗ࡞┦స⏝ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫࡪ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦㸦ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ ࣥࢢ㸧ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓᤵᴗᙧែࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦ⓑ, 2011㸹୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟, 2014㸧ࠋ୰ኸ ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟㸦2014㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࠖ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢᐃ╔ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ ⪅ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࡢಁ㐍ࡶຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ ᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ఱࢆᏛࡪ࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢෆᐜྠ㸪ࡢ ࡼ࠺Ꮫࡪ࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㓄 ៖ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡶ㸪ఱࢆᩍ ࠼ࡿ㸦ㄢ㢟ෆᐜ㸧ྠ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ᩍ࠼ ࡿ㸦ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢᕤኵࡀ ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪 ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ ࡢヨࡳࡘ࠸࡚ᩥ⊩᳨ウࡋ㸪ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶㛵ࡍࡿ ᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓᡂᯝࡸㄢ㢟 ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᡂ❧ࡣ㸪 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍ ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾᐇࡋࡓ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࡓᚋࡢ᪉ ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ୍ຓ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦ ࡍࠋ ࠸࠺▱㆑ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞ྠᵝ㸪 ࠕࡢࡼ࠺Ꮫࡪࠖ ࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢ㉁ࡸ῝ࡲࡾࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢⓎぢゎỴࢆ㔜どࡋࡓయⓗ࣭ 2015 ࠰ 11 உ 19 ଐӖྸ Factors related to active learning in primary and secondary education. *1 Taeko Teramoto ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᢿ 㸰㸬ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ ⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒᙧែ ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥ ࢢࡋ࡚㸪௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ༠ྠᏛ⩦ 144 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ 㸦cooperative learning㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᶒ࣭⸨ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪༢࡞ ᮧ, 2004; Santrock, 2012; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧ࠋ༠ ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㸦group learning㸧ࡢᇦࢆ㉸࠼ ྠᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪ᑠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆసࡾ㸪࠸ຓࡅྜ ࡓヨࡳ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡦࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᑠㄢ㢟ศ ࠸࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡪࢫࢱࣝࢆᣦࡍ㸦Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋ ゎࡋ࡚ಶࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡾᙜ࡚㸪య⤫ྜ Ꮫ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ┦ⓗຓ࡛࠶ࡿ༠ྠࡢព⩏ࡣ㸪 ࡼࡗ࡚ㄢ㢟㐩ᡂࢆヨࡳࡿࢪࢢࢯ࣮㸦Jigsaw㸧Ꮫ ⪅ࡢࡸࡾࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ♫ⓗ┦స⏝ࡀㄆ▱ ⩦㸦Aronson, Blaney, Sikes, Stephan & Snapp, ⓗኚ㔜せ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺❧ሙ㸦♫ 1975㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛ࡣ༠ྠᏛ⩦㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫 ⓗᵓᡂ⩏: social constructivism㸧ࡽㄝ᫂ࡉ ࡛ ࢀࡿ㸦ᇉⰼ, 2014; ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ, 2004; Santrock, 㸦Teams-Games-Tournament㸧᪉ᘧ㸦DeVries, 2012㸧ࠋ Edwards & Slavin, 1978㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢྛ࣓ࣥ ࡣ ➇ த ࢆ ⾜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡿ TGT ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ⓗᵓᡂ⩏࠸࠼ ࣂ࣮ࡢ㈉⊩ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢྥୖࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬ຊ࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽⪅ࡢ ࡢᚓⅬᫎࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫࡛➇ࢃࡏ ຓࢆཷࡅ࡚㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽ࡢᕪࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᴫᛕ࡛ ࡿ STAD 㸦 Student-Teams-Achievement Di- ࠶ࡿⓎ㐩ࡢ᭱㏆᥋㡿ᇦ㸦ZPD: Zone of proximal visions; Slavin, 1995㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ development㸧 ὀ 㸦ࣂࢬࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸧య࡛ࡢඹ᭷ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ 1 㸧 ࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࣦࢦࢶ࣮࢟ 㸦Vygotsky, L.S.㸧ࡢ⌮ㄽ㈇࠺ࡇࢁࡀࡁࡃ㸪 ࡓࣂࢬᏛ⩦㸦ሷ⏣, 1989㸧 㸪ᩍᖌຓࡉࢀ࡞ࡀ ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࡣㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩㛵ࡋ࡚ྠࡌࡃᵓᡂ⩏ⓗ ࡽ⏕ᚐࡀせ⣙࣭㉁ၥ࣭᫂☜࣭ண ࢆࡋ ❧ሙࢆࡿࣆࢪ࢙㸦Piaget, J.㸧ࡢ⌮ㄽ♫ ࡞ࡀࡽㄞゎຊࢆ㣴࠺┦ᩍᤵἲ㸦Reciprocal ࣭ᩥⓗせ⣲ࢆຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ Teaching: RT㸧 㸦Palincsar & Brown, 1984㸧➼㸪 㸦Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࣆࢪ࢙ࡣㄆ▱ ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧែࡀᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⹒, 1983; ฟཱྀ, ⓗᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࢙࣐㸦schema㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠ 2001; Santrock, 2012; ᇉⰼ, 2014; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 㸦assimilation; ࢩ࢙࣐ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸せ⣲ࡢ⤫ྜ㸧 2014㸧ࠋ⡿ᅜ࡛㛤ⓎࡉࢀࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⩦ᙧ ࡸㄪ⠇㸦accommodation; ࢩ࢙࣐⮬యࡢಟṇ㸧 ែࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶ㸪⹒㸦1983㸧ࡼࡿ ࡼࡿᆒ⾮㸦equilibration㸧ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚▱ Jigsaw Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧ㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶◊✲ࡸ㸪⏫࣭୰㇂ ㆑ࡣᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ಶேෆࡢኚࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ 㸦2014㸧ࡼࡿ RT 㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶◊✲➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㔜どࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࣦࢦࢶ࣮࢟ࡣ▱㆑ࡢᵓᡂ࠾ࡅ ࡿ⪅ࡢ♫┦స⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock, 2012; ᮡᮧ, 2014; ᑠ㔝⏣, 2014㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ࢆ㔜ど ࡍࡿ♫ⓗᵓᡂ⩏ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ⫱ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ࡛ࡣ㸪▱㆑ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾὀ 2㸧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⪅ ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ぢゎࢆ ᣢࡘ㸦㔝ᮧ࣭㔝, 2014; Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋ୍ ᩧᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡼࡿࠕṇࡋ࠸ࠖ▱㆑ࡢ୍᪉ ྥⓗ࡞ఏᤵࡀὶ࡞ࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪♫ⓗᵓᡂ ⩏ᇶ࡙ࡃ༠ྠᏛ⩦࡛ࡣ㸪ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡸᩍ࠼ྜ࠸ ࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ▱㆑ࡢ⋓ ᚓࡸ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ▱㆑ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ Ⅼၥ㢟 ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡢⅬࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪 Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢྥୖ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ┦స⏝ 㸦peer interaction㸧ࡢⰋዲࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪⾜ ື࣭άືࢆ⮬ศ࡛㑅ࡿ㸦యⓗάື࡛ࡁࡿ㸧 ࡇᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ឤ㸪ࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ┦ ౫Ꮡࡸ༠ㄪᛶ㛵ࡍࡿᣦࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock , 2012)ࠋᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗ᰯ⏕௦య㦂ࡋࡓࢡࢸ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢὀ㸱㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓⓑ㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑ ࡢయ㦂ࡘ࠸࡚㧗ᰯ⏕ࡼࡾࡶᑠ࣭୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㡭ࡢ ݢஜ≝܇ڭИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ 145 ᪉ࡀከ࠸㸦య㦂ࡋࡓᅇ⟅⪅ࡢྜࡀከ࠸㸧ࡇ 㸦: ⯆㛵ᚰࡀ㐪ࡗࡓ㸪ពࡢ࡞࠸ࡇࢆࡸ ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢάືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠕࡓ ࡽࡉࢀࡓ㸧 㸪 ࠙ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠚ 㸦: ඛ⏕ࡀ ࡵ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࠖ 㸦Ⅼ㸧ࢆ⮬⏤ᅇ⟅࡛ᑜࡡࡓ⤖ ࡋࡗࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㐟ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺㸧㸪࠙ࢢ࣮ࣝ ᯝࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢグ㍕ෆ ࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠚ 㸦: ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛௰ࡢ ᐜࢆࡲࡵ࡚ୖᴫᛕࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ࡼ࠸Ꮚࡀ୰ᚰ㸪ពぢࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡎ ᯝ㸪ᛮ⪃ຊࡸㄪᰝ⬟ຊࡢྥୖ㸪▱㆑⋓ᚓ࠸ࡗ ⌮ᑾ࡞ࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙㈐௵࣭ᙺศᢸࡀ ࡓ࠙Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࡢྥୖࠚ 㸦ᅇ⟅: ⪃࠼ࡿຊࡀ࠸ ᫂░ࠚ 㸦: ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ⓗ࡞ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࡲࡗࡓࡃ ࡓ㸪⮬ศ௨እࡢேࡢពぢࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚▱㆑ࡀᗈࡀࡗ ࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧ࡢ 4 ࡘࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࡓ㸧㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪㉁ၥ㸪Ⓨゝ㸪㆟ㄽ➼ࡢ࠙༠ྠసᴗ ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᶫᮏ㸦1994㸧ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖࠚ 㸦: ༠ㄪᛶࢆᏛࢇࡔ㸪⮬ศࡢ ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪࠙㞟ᅋά ᛮࡗࡓࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙ᙺ࣭㈐ ືࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡢపୗࠚ 㸦: ࠕຊࡢ࠶ࡿᏊࡢ ௵ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࡢྥୖࠚ 㸦: ㈐௵ឤ㸦⮬ศࡢᙺ ㏣ồࢆ㕌ࡽࡏࡿሙྜ࠶ࡾࠖ㸪ࠕ㞟ᅋᛮ⪃ࡼࡾ㸪 ࡢ㔜ࡉ㸧ࢆឤࡌࡓ㸪ᙺศᢸࡢษࡉࡀศ ࡴࡋࢁప࠸⪃࠼ࡀฟࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠶ࡾࠖ㸧ࢆᣦࡋ㸪 ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙యᛶ࣭⬟ືᛶࡢྥୖ㸪ཬࡧ㐩ᡂឤࡢ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ㄢ㢟ෆᐜᑐࡍࡿᣦ ⋓ᚓࠚ 㸦: ⮬ศࡓࡕࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡋࡆࡓ㸪ᑡேᩘ ᑟࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫࡧ᪉ࡢᣦᑟ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ࡞ࡢ࡛ពぢࡀάⓎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢୖ ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᣦᑟ㸧ࡶ ᴫᛕࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡢⅬ࡛ࡢᅇ࡛ࡣ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧 ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ᮏேࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢⅬࢆㄆ ࡶ㸪༢ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ⤌ࡲࡏ࡚άືࢆࡉࡏ࡚ࡶ㸪 ㆑࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣᡂ❧ࡋ㞴࠸ࡋࡓ࠺࠼ ୍᪉࡛㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣၥ㢟ࡶከࡃᣦࡉࢀ࡚ ࡛㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦ᡂ❧ࡢࡓࡵࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀලయⓗ࡞ ࠸ࡿࠋSantrock㸦2012㸧ࡣ㸪ప࠸Ꮫ⩦㐩ᡂᗘࡢ ᪉␎ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ពᅗⓗධࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ㏙ ⏕ᚐࡀ㧗࠸⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ᗘࢆ㕌ࡉࡏࡿ㸪ಶ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ேసᴗࡢ᪉ࢆዲࡴ⏕ᚐࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸪ᑡᩘࡢ⏕ᚐ ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠸ࡗࡓࢡࢸ ࡢࡳࡀㄢ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ୍᪉࡛㸪ࢇఱࡶࡋ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢⅬࢆ᭱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡍࡓࡵ㸪 ࡞࠸⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡣ㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸άືࡸ⚾ㄒ ಶࠎࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟࣭ၥ㢟ࢆඞ᭹ࡍ ࢆࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪⪅ຠᯝⓗ༠ྠࡍࡿ㸦⏕ ࡃᵝࠎ࡞ᩍᤵἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ⏘ⓗ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸪⪅ ௨ୗ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せ ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸧ࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝḞࡅࡿ⏕ᚐ ᅉࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐇドⓗ◊✲ሗ࿌ࢆࡶࡲࡵࡓ ࡀከ࠸࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࠸ࠋࡑࢀඛ❧ࡕ㸪ୖグ࡛ᢳฟࡋࡓࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ᣦࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ࠙ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࠚ 㸦㸯␒┠ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢၥ㢟㸦ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ ࡢᣦࡀヱᙜ㸧㸪࠙♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ‽ഛᛶ ❧ࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉ㸧㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ၥ㢟ձ㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ ࡢᮍ⇍ࡉࠚ 㸦㸰␒┠௨㝆ࡢᣦࡀヱᙜ㸧ࡢ㸰Ⅼ ᱁ᕪ㸧 㸪ၥ㢟ղ㸦♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ‽ഛᛶࡢ 㞟⣙࡛ࡁࡿࠋࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣఏ㐩 ᮍ⇍ࡉ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ճ㸦άື㛵ᚰࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸㸧㸪ၥ ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡸሗ㔞㝈ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡋࡓ࠺࠼ 㢟մ㸦ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸧㸪ၥ㢟յ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡛㸪ඛ⤂ࡋࡓⓑ㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ն㸦㈐௵࣭ᙺศᢸ Ꮫ⩦ࡘ࠸࡚ၥࢆឤࡌࡓࡇࠖ 㸦ၥ㢟㸧ࡘ࠸ ࡀ᫂░㸧 㸪ၥ㢟շ㸦㞟ᅋάືࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡢ ࡚ࡶᏛ⏕ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢⅬ㛵 పୗ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᭦ୖᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿӐᣦᑟሙ ࡍࡿୖᴫᛕᢳฟྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡛㸪ၥ㢟㛵ࡍ 㠃ࡢタᐃӑ㸦ၥ㢟ղ㸪մ㸪ն㸧 㸪Ӑ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ ࡿᅇ⟅ࢆࡲࡵࡿ㸪࠙άື㛵ᚰࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸ࠚ ࡅ࣭♫ⓗᚿྥᛶӑ㸦ၥ㢟ճ㸪յ㸧 㸪࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ 146 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ Ӑㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪӑ㸦ၥ㢟ձ㸪շ㸧㞟⣙ࡋࡓࠋ ⓗሗ㓘ࡼࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸦 ࡇࡢ㸱せᅉ㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗ⤂ࡍ Ᏻ࣭࡞ࡢឤࡽ⮬ᡃ㛵ⓗ⾜ືࡍࡿ㸧㸪 ࡿࠋ ྠ୍ⓗㄪᩚ㸦⾜ືࡢ౯್ࡸ㔜せᛶࢆㄆࡵ࡚ά ືࡍࡿ㸧 㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦άືࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ┠ⓗ 㸲㸬ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭ ♫ⓗᚿྥᛶ ࡋ㸪⯆࣭ᴦࡋࡉࡽ⮬Ⓨⓗ⾜ືࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ 㸲ࡘࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋእⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾ ධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿせ௳ࡋ࡚㸪ⓑ ⛣⾜ࡍࡿ⮬ᚊᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࠋᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡣ㸪 㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸪ࣇࢩࣜࢸ ே㛵ಀࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᑐே ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢᙺࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄡࡀ ⓗ⾜ືࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ᒸ⏣, 2005, 2006㸧㸪ேࡢ ࡢࡼ࠺ᑟⓗᙺࢆⓎࡍࡿࡢ㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ༠ྠⓗᏛ⩦Ⰻዲ࡞ே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ฟཱྀ, ࡢᑟ༠ຊⓗཧຍࡍࡿࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᙺ 2001; Johnson & Ahlgrem, 1976㸧ࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸪 ࢆㄡࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᢸ࠺ࡢ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡸ༠ ேࡢᏛ⩦άື࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ ྠᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿᙺ࣭㈐௵ࡢ᫂☜ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ ⩦ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅே㛵ಀᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ ሙ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐேⓗࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࢆࡍࢀ ୧᪉ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ㛵ࡍࡿ㔜せ ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ ࣭㈐௵ࡢ᫂☜ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚ ୍᪉㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ♫ⓗせᅉ ⪅ࡢࡼ࠺㛵ࢃࡿ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⪅ࡢ㛵 㛵ࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ⏫࣭୰㇂ ࢃࡾࡸ㛵ಀᛶᵓ⠏ࢆࢀᕼồࡍࡿ࠸࠺ 㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪ಶேࡢࡶࡘ♫ⓗ࡞ᮇᚅࡸᙺ ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅᐦ᥋㛵㐃ࡋࡓࢺࣆࢵࢡゝ ࡢᚿྥ࡛࠶ࡿ♫ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆ㸦Social respon- ࠼ࡿࠋ♫ⓗᵓᡂ⩏ᇶ࡙ࡃࢡࢸࣈ࣭ࣛ sibility goal㸧 㸦Wentzel, 1989; ฟཱྀ࣭୰㇂, 2003㸧 ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢᙺࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ♫ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆࡣ㸪♫ⓗ࣭ᑐே ⪅ࡢ࡞┦స⏝࣭㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪Ꮫࡧ ⓗ㐺ษ࡞つ⠊ࢆㄆ▱ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᚿྥࡍࡿつ⠊ ࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࡀྠồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ 㑂Ᏺ┠ᶆ㸪⪅ᑐࡍࡿຓࡸ༠ຊࡢᚿྥ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆఱⅬᴫ ࡛࠶ࡿྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢᙳ ほࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㡪ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୰㇂, 1996; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ꮫࡧ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ⓗືᶵ 㸲㸬㸯 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟᑐே㛵ಀࢫ ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚⪅㐺ษ ࢟ࣝࡢᣦᑟࡢྠᐇࡢᚲせᛶ㸦ฟཱྀ, 㛵ࢃࡾ㸪༠ຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࢆồ 2001㸧 ࡵࡿഴྥᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗ࣭ ฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ୰࣭㧗Ꮫᖺࡢ⌮⛉ ༠ຊⓗ࡞ᑐே㛵ಀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ሙ㠃࠾ࡅ ࠾ࡅࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㸦୍ᐃᮇ㛫⥅⥆ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉ ࡿே㛵ಀࡢ㔜せᛶ╔┠ࡋࡓ◊✲ᒸ⏣ ࢀࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᐃ㸧ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ᑐࡍࡿᣦᑟ 㸦2008㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ேࡢᏛ⩦άື ྠ㸪ᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ ᐇࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣝ ㄽ㸦self-determination theory㸧 㸦Deci & Ryan, ࣉᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࢆࠕウ㆟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000㸧╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ ᑟࠖ 㸦: ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢព⩏㸪⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃᛶ㸦⮬ᚊᛶ㸧࠸࠺ほⅬ ⪅㐺ษఏ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ㸪⪅ࡽᑐពぢࢆࡶ ࡽ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸦⪅ࡽࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡅࡸእ ࡽ࠺ࡇࡢษࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂➼㸧ࠕཧຍ࣭ ݢஜ≝܇ڭИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ 147 ༠ຊ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࠖ 㸦: ෆᐜࡀศࡽ࡞࠸ே ྜࡣ㸪ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶᐇࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡼࡾࡶ⫯ ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡢษࡉࡸ⪅ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ⪺ࡃࡇࡢ ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ษࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂㸪ᙺศᢸ࡞༠ຊࡋ࡚ ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱㛵 ဨࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㓄៖ࡍࡿᣦᑟ➼㸧ศ ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶప࠸⩌࠾࠸࡚ゝ࠸த ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍ ࠸ࡢⓎ⏕ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾ㸪༢ࢢ ࡿᣦᑟ㸦ᣦᑟ㸯㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ ࠾ࡅࡿᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟ 㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ 㸦ᣦᑟ㸰㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᑟ㸯㸰ࡢ㢖ᗘࡢ㧗ప 㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡏࡗࡃࡢᏛ ࡼࡾ㸲⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄆ▱㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࡧࡢሙࡀ㸪ゝ࠸த࠸࠸࠺㈇ࡢ♫ⓗ┦స⏝ ⩦ࡢຠᯝᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ ࡢሙ࡞ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱㸧ࡀ⩌ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡋ࡚ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢢ ࠸ࡿ㸦ᣦᑟ㸯ࡢ㧗పᣦᑟ㸰ࡢ㧗పࡢ㸰せᅉศ ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢᡂ❧ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ ᩓศᯒ㸧ࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡣ㸪 ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ➼ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᚲせᛶ Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ㸦: Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪 ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ Gillies & Ashman (1996, 1997, ᤵᴗཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧㸪ேࡢぶ࣭ㄯヰ㸦: 1998)ゐࢀ㸪୧ᣦᑟࡢྠᐇࡢᚲせᛶࢆᙉࡃ 㐩Ⰽࠎヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪⪃࠼ࡢ㐪࠺㐩࡛ࡶ௰ ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ⰻࡃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧㸪ேࡢ▱ⓗὶ 㸦: ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪ࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢆຓࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧ࡢ 㸲㸬㸰 ᤵᴗࡢᵓ㐀♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㛵㐃 㸦⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧 㸱㡿ᇦࡽ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼᑐࡍࡿㄆ ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀᙺࢆศᢸࡋ ▱ࡣ㸪⚾ㄒ㸦ຮᙉࡣ㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸ヰ㸧ࡢ㢖ᗘ㸪 ┦స⏝ࢆᵓ㐀ࡍࡿࡇࢆ≉ᚩࡍࡿ┦ᩍ Ꮫ⩦ࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢ೫ࡾ㸦࠸ࡘࡶỴࡲࡗࡓேࡀᐇ ᤵἲ㸦RT㸧ࢆᑠᏛᰯ 5 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ⛉㸦ከᵝ࡞ᛮ 㦂㸪ほᐹ㸪Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋ㸪ࢇఱࡶࡋ࡞࠸ேࡀ ⪃ࡸゎࡀチᐜࡉࢀࡿ༢ඖࡸᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪 ࠸ࡓ㸧 㸪≉ᐃពぢࡢ೫㔜㸦࠸ࡘࡶỴࡲࡗࡓேࡢព ༠ྠゎỴሙ㠃㐺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ㑅ᢥ࣭⏝㸧࠾ ぢࡔࡅࡀࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸧 㸪ゝ࠸த࠸ࡢⓎ⏕㸦ヰ ࠸࡚ヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ㸪ᙺศ ࡋྜ࠸ࡀཱྀࡆࢇ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࡢ㸲Ⅼ ᢸࡸヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢᡭ㡰ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ㸪ෆⓗ࡞ಶேࡢᛮ ࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⪃ࢆእࡉࡏ㸪㉁ၥ࣭ᛂ⟅ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡼࡗ࡚ ศᩓศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝᑐ ෆⓗᛮ⪃ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ♧ ࡍࡿㄆ▱㸦Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ㸪ேࡢぶ࣭ㄯヰ㸧 ࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪RT ⩌㸦ධ⩌㸧୍⯡ⓗ࡞ ࡣ㸪ᣦᑟ㸯㸰ࡀࡶ㧗࠸⩌ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗Ỉ‽ࢆ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ⩌㸦ᙺᥦ♧➼ࡢᵓ ♧ࡋ㸪ᣦᑟ㸯ࡀ㧗ࡃᣦᑟ㸰ࡀప࠸⩌ࡀ᭱పࡢỈ 㐀ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ᑐ↷⩌㸧ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ RT ࡢຠ ‽࡛㸪ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶప࠸⩌ࡼࡾࡶୗᅇࡿ࠸ ᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪RT ࡢຠᯝᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ♫ⓗ࡞ື ࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ᶵ࡙ࡅせᅉ㸦ඛ㏙ࡢྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆ㸧ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑐ㇟⪅ࢆྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ㧗ప 㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢ୧᪉ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪 ࡼࡗ࡚㸰⩌ศࡅ㸦Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚ Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡢᏛᴗᡂᯝࡸ௰㛫ࡢὶ㛵ࡍࡿ ⪅༠ຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡿഴ ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪 ྥࡀ㧗࠸⪅ࢆ㧗⩌㸪ప࠸⪅ࢆప⩌ࡍࡿ㸧㸪Ꮫຊ㸪 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢࡳ࡛㸪ᑐ ⏨ዪẚࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸲ேࢆᇶᮏࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⦅ ே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࢫ࢟ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᣦᑟࡀకࢃ࡞࠸ሙ ᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ධ⩌ᑐ↷⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 148 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ୧⩌ࡶᤵᴗࡢὶࢀࡣྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Ꮫ⩦ㄢ㢟 ⩦࡛ࡣ㐺ᛂᅔ㞴ࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪 ᥦ♧ńಶே࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴń༠ྠ࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴń ሙ㠃ࢆᵓ㐀ࡉࡏࡿ RT ࡢධࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢢࣝ Ꮫ⩦ࡢࡾ㏉ࡾ㸧㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟ゎỴሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ ࣮ࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㛵᪉ἲࡀ᫂☜ࡋ㸪⌮ゎࢆ῝ ධ⩌ࡢࡳ㸪RT ࡢᣦᑟᯟ⤌ࡳᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ♧ࢆ ࡉࡏࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀྠ㸪ࡇࡢ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄢ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ ࡼ࠺࡞ධࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡀ㧗ࡃ ᫂ࡍࡿㄝ᫂ᙺ㸦㸯ே㸧ࡑࡢㄝ᫂ࡀࡼࡾ⢭⦓ ࡚ࡶᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿ༴㝤ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿ㉁ၥᙺ㸦㸱ே㸧ࢆタᐃ ⪅⬟ືⓗ㛵ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ ࡋ㸪ㄝ᫂ᙺ࣭㉁ၥᙺࢆ୍ᐃ㛫ẖ௦ࡍࡿ ㄢ㢟ࡢከᵝ࡞ゎἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪ヰࡋྜ ࠸࠺ᩍ♧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑐ↷⩌ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺศ ࠸ࡢᡭ㡰ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪⪅ࡢᛮ⪃ࢆಁࡍ ᢸࡸᡭ㡰ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡣᅔ㞴ㄆ▱ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢࡾ㏉ࡾሙ㠃࡛ᐇࡋࡓᏛ⩦ㄢ ࠶ࡿࠋ 㢟㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦Ꮫ⩦ㄢ㢟ࡢ㢮㢟㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿⓎヰࡢ㔞ⓗ࣭㉁ ධ⩌ࡢṇゎ⪅ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽ ⓗศᯒࡘ࠸࡚㸪ධ⩌࣭ᑐ↷⩌ẖ㸪1 ࢢࣝ ࢀ㸦ࣇࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࡢ┤᥋☜⋡ィ⟬ࡼࡿ㸧㸪RT ࣮ࣉࡢ 1 ᤵᴗ࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒⓎヰᩘࢆୖ 4 ࢝ࢸ ࡢຠᯝࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢦ࣮ࣜศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ձᏛ⩦㛵㐃㸦῝࠸㸧 ḟ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡋ࡚㸪 㸦⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆヲࡋࡃ㏙ࡿㄝ᫂ࡸ┦ᡭࡢㄝ᫂ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㛵࣭⌮ゎ㸦: ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ ࢆ⢭⦓ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ➼㸧㸪ղᏛ⩦㛵㐃㸦ὸ࠸㸧㸦┦ ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡀࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪㐩ࡢ㉁ ᡭࡢㄝ᫂ᑐࡍࡿ༢⣧࡞ၥࡢ⾲ฟࡸ┦ᵔ࣭ ၥ࣭ㄝ᫂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡿ㸧 㸪Ⓨ ၐ➼ࡢ୍⯡ⓗᛂ⟅➼㸧㸪ճ㐠Ⴀ࣭⥔ᣢ㛵㐃㸪մ㠀 ヰࡼࡿ⌮ゎ࣭ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍㸦: ⮬ศࡢពぢࡼ Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢ㸲࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢⓎヰᩘ ࡗ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀ῝ࡲࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢ㉁ၥ 㛵ࡋ࡚㸲㸦࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸧×㸰㸦⩌㸧ࡢ Ȯ ᳨ᐃ ࡼࡗ࡚௰㛫ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ࡿ㸧ࡢ㸰㡿 ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡛ࡣࠕᏛ⩦ ᇦࢆタᐃࡋ㸪RT ධࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ ᐃ 㸦῝࠸㸧ࠖࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠕ㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࠖࡀከ࠸ࡇ㸪 ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦ධࡢ᭷↓ ᐃᮇࡢ㸰せᅉศᩓ ධ⩌࡛ࡣࠕᏛ⩦㸦῝࠸㸧 ࠖࡀከࡃࠕ㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࠖ ศᯒ㸧㸪ධ⩌࡛㛵࣭⌮ゎࡢྥୖࡀ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡛ ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪RT ධࡀᏛ⩦㛵㐃 ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡢపୗࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࡣ㸪 ࡍࡿ῝࠸Ⓨヰࡢ⏕ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡋ࡞ RT ࡼࡿሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࠸Ⓨヰࢆᢚไࡋࡓࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭦㸪ྥ ⩦ࡢ㛵࣭⌮ゎࡢㄆ▱ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ㸪ཬ ♫ᛶ┠ᶆࡢ㧗⩌࣭ప⩌ධࡢ᭷↓ࡼࡗ࡚ ࡧ㸪ᵓ㐀ࡋ࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡛ࡣヰࡋྜ࠸ 4 ⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ᖹᆒⓎヰᩘࢆୖグ 4 ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ ࡼࡿ⌮ゎ࣭ᛮ⪃㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇࡀ ู⟬ฟࡋ࡚㸲㸦⩌㸧×㸲㸦࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸧ࡢ Ȯ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀకࢃ࡞ࡅ ᳨ᐃࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪῝࠸Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢⓎヰࡣ ࢀࡤ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ ධ⩌ࡢ㧗⩌ࡀከࡃ㸪㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢⓎヰࡣᑐ↷⩌ ▱ࡢపୗࡸ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᵓ࠼ࡢㄏⓎࡢ༴㝤ᛶ ࡢప⩌ࡀከ࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭦㸪ྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࡣ㸪RT ࡼࡿヰࡋ 㧗࣭ప⩌ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠᵝࡢ 2 せᅉศᩓ ྜ࠸ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ㸪⌮ゎࡢ῝㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ศᯒࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ప⩌ࡢධ⩌࠾ࡅࡿ㛵 ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡢಁ㐍㸪Ꮫ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ┦స⏝ࡢ ࣭⌮ゎࡢྥୖ㸪ཬࡧ㸪㧗⩌ࡢᑐ↷⩌࠾ࡅࡿ ㉁ࡢྥୖ⤖ࡧࡃྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡢపῶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪 ࡿࠋྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ㧗పࡼࡿ RT ࡢධຠᯝ ຓ࣭༠ຊࡢᚿྥᛶࡀపࡃ㸪㏻ᖖࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࡢ┦㐪ࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ᡂ❧ࡢ ݢஜ≝܇ڭИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ 149 ࡓࡵࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ♫ⓗែᗘ࣭ᚿྥᛶࡀࢢࣝ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡁ㸪ᩍ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺㸧 㸪 ࣮ࣉయࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᡂᯝᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿⅬࢆㄆ㆑ ຓᥦ౪㸦: ⮬ศࡢࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࡢゎࡁ᪉ ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢆヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸧 㸪┦Ꮫ⩦㸦: ⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿ ෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠺㸧㸪Ꮫ⩦ᶵ㸦: ఇࡳ 㸲㸬㸱 ேᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪┦Ꮫ⩦㸪ᐇ ឤࡢ㛵㐃㸦ᒸ⏣, 2008㸧 㛫୰ே୍⥴ຮᙉࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ㸲ୗᑻᗘ ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᑻᗘ㸦ᒸ⏣, 2008㸧ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ ⏕ᚐࡢ௰㛫㛵ಀࡀ┦ࡢሗࡸࣔࢹࣜࣥ ࡿࠋே㛵ಀᑐࡍࡿᐇឤࡣ㸪㯮⏣࣭ᱜ ࢢ➼ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢᚑࡸពḧᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ 㸦2003㸧ࡢᑻᗘ㸦: ேࡢ㛵ಀࡀᐇࡋ࡚ ࠸࠺ᣦ㸦Ryan, 2000㸧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧 ࠸ࡿ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜᑐ ࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢேࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦ᤵᴗ㛫ෆእࡢ ᛂࡍࡿᙧᘧ࡛సᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆᏛ⩦ᐇឤᑻᗘ Ꮫ⩦㸧ὀ┠ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢඛ⾜せᅉࡋ࡚⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ ࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㸪⤖ᯝᣦᶆࡋ࡚ᐇឤࢆタᐃࡋ㸪 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ᐃࡉࢀࡓྛኚᩘ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ே㛵ಀࡢ RAI㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ RAI㸧 ேࡢᏛ⩦άື࠸࠺♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ ࡀ㸪ேࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦ຓせㄳ㸪ຓᥦ౪㸪 ᵝ┦ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅᏛ⩦ ┦Ꮫ⩦㸪Ꮫ⩦ᶵ㸧ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ㸪᭦ ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪ཬࡧ㸪ே㛵ࡍࡿᐇឤᏛ⩦ ᐇឤ㸦ே㸪Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡶస⏝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭ 㛵ࡍࡿᐇឤ࠸࠺ྛせᅉ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪᰝࡋ ࢫࢆᐃࡋࡓࣃࢫゎᯒࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᯝ㸪ຓせㄳࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀᑐࡍࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ື ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀ ᶵ࡙ࡅᐇឤ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ே㛵ಀ ࢆࡶࡘࡇࡸேാࡁࡅࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀຓせㄳࢆࡋ࡚ே㛵 ᑻᗘ㸦Okada, 2007; ᒸ⏣, 2005㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃ ಀᑐࡍࡿᐇឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ⮬ᚊᛶࡢほ ၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋຓᥦ౪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⮬ᚊ Ⅼࡽㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪እⓗ ⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅᐇឤ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ 㸦: ே㛵ಀࢆసࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡼ࠺㸪ࡲࢃࡾ ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽຓᥦ౪ࢆ ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿࡽ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸦: ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸ ⤒࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᐇឤ⮳ࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ⪃ ࡢࡣ㸪ࡎࡋ࠸ࡇࡔࡽ㸧 㸪ྠ୍㸦: ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ┦Ꮫ⩦ࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ ே୍⥴㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࡢࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ࡇࡔ ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ே㛵ಀᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿ ࡽ㸧 㸪ෆⓎ㸦: ேぶࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪࠺ࢀࡋ ᐇឤࢆண ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ྲྀࡾୖ ࠸ࡇࡔࡽ㸧ࡢ㸲ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ ྛୗᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ㔜ࡳ࡙ࡅࡋ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⮬ ┦Ꮫ⩦᭱ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ῝࠸ࡀ㸪ᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡢ ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ⾲ࡍᣦᶆ㸦Relative Autonomy ⤖ᯝࡽࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ┦Ꮫ⩦ Index: RAI㸧ࡀ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿࠋᏛ⩦ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ ࢆࡋ࡚ே㛵ಀᏛ⩦ࡢ୧᪉ࡢᐇឤᙳ㡪 ࡣ㸪㏿Ỉ࣭⏣⏿࣭ྜྷ⏣㸦1996㸧ࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝ࡋ㸪 ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋேࡢ༠ྠⓗ࡞ ୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿእⓗ㸦: ຮᙉࡋ࡞࠸ぶࡀ࠺ Ꮫ⩦άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ே㛵ಀࡀᐇࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ᑐ ࡿࡉ࠸ࡽ㸧 㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸦: ຮᙉࡋ࡞࠸⮬ศ ࡋ࡚ࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ែᗘࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ ࡀࡎࡋ࠸ࡽ㸧 㸪ྠ୍㸦: ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡁษ࡞ෆᐜࡔࡽ㸧㸪ෆⓎ㸦: ࢃࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡿࡢࡀ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸ࡽ㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡽ RAI ࢆ⟬ ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⩦άືࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ຓせㄳ㸦: 㸲㸬㸲 ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫ ⓗᚿྥᛶࡢ㔜せᛶ 150 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ௨ୖᴫほࡋࡓㅖ◊✲㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࡓᚰ⌮ⓗຓࡢ⣲㣴ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿᩍᖌࡣ㸪⮫ ⩦㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟᑐே㛵ಀࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྠᐇࡢ ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡽᚓࡿࡶࡢࡣࡁ࠸⪃ 㔜せᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧㸪ᤵᴗࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢಁ㐍ࡸ㸪SST 㔜せᛶ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡼࡿᩍ⫱ຠᯝࡢ㐪࠸ 㸦Social Skill Training㸧ࡸࢧ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢺࣞ ࢆᣦࡋࡓ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧㸪ே㛵ಀࡸᏛ⩦ ࣮ࢽࣥࢢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅᏛ⩦άື㸪᭦ࡣᐇឤࡢ㛵㐃 ࢆពᅗࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡶ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪 ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡽ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡣ㸪ูᯟࡢᤵᴗࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ᐇ ࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࡋ࡚㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ ࡍࡿࡢࡀ⌧ᐇⓗᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᩍᖌࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ ࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸪♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫ⓗᚿྥᛶࡢᵝ ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢィ⏬㸪㐠Ⴀ㸪ホ౯࠸ࡗࡓ⣲㣴࣭ ┦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᢏ㔞ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᩥ⊩⤂ࡑࡢෆᐜࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ㏻ࡋ ࡚㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ 㸳. ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ ࡢᑐ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲ ࡎ㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃࢆ࠸ᕤኵࡍࡿ࠸࠺ Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺ෆᐜࡢྫྷࡸᩍᤵἲࡢ ᨵၿ࣭ྥୖ➼㸪ᩍᖌࡢࠕᩍ࠼ࡿ⪅ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲ 㣴ࢆᐇࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋᩍ ࠼ࡿ⣲㣴ࡢᐇࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ◊✲ࡸ◊ಟ➼ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪 ༑ศᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ḟ㸪♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫ⓗᚿྥᛶࢆ࠸ άᛶࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣉ ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᚲせ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ♫ⓗᚿྥ ᛶ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪㞟ᅋάື ࡸᑐே㛵ಀࡢ㐺ᛂ࠸ࡗࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆ ᐜࡣูḟඖࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞▱ぢࡀ࠸ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠼ࡤ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ▱㆑࣭ぢゎࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸ㸪ࡑࡢ⮫ᗋ ᛂ⏝㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡀ᭷ຠ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩 ࡑࡢᨭ㸪ゝㄒ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥⓎ㐩ࡑ ࡢᨭ㸪♫࣭ືⓎ㐩ࡑࡢᨭ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪 Ⓨ㐩ࡢྛ㡿ᇦࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱ぢලయⓗ ࡞ᨭ᪉ἲࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦㛗ᓮ࣭ྂ⃝࣭⸨ ⏣, 2002; ᮏ㒓࣭㔠㇂, 2011㸧㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭ࣛ ࣮ࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉྜ⮴ࡍࡿෆᐜࡀᥦ౪ ࡉࢀࡿࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆぢᤣ࠼࡚㸪㐺 ษ࡞♫ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸᑐே㛵ಀࢫ࢟ࣝࡢಁ㐍࠸ࡗ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࡋ ࡚㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝ ࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢỈ‽᱁ᕪࡘ࠸᳨࡚ ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ༠ྠᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ࣌ࡢ⤌ࡳ᪉ࡸ࣓ ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᵓᡂࡘ࠸࡚㸪Santrock㸦2012㸧࡛ࡣ㸪 Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ⬟ຊ㸪Ẹ᪘ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸪♫⤒῭ⓗᆅ㸪 ᛶู࠾࠸࡚ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ່ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢᩍ࠼ྜ࠸ࡸ༠ຊࡢ ᶵࡀ᭱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡉࢀ㸪ᛶูࡸᩥࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ 㛵ಀᛶࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㸯ྡࡣ࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢ㢟ྲྀࡾ ⤌ࡵࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ ࡣ㸪♫࣭ᩥⓗ࡞ከᵝᛶࡀΰᅾࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢᩍ ⫱⌧ሙࡢᐇࢆᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ ⪅ࡢ⬟ຊࡢከᵝᛶࡣ㸪ᅜࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ ᳨ウࡍࡁ㡯⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪὀ┠ ࡋࡓᐇドⓗ◊✲㸪ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ㸦2004㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㡑ᅜࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸳ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟㸪ே⤌ࡼࡿ⟬ ᩘࡢ༠ྠⓗၥ㢟ゎỴ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪࣌ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽㸦ၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲࡢ ⢭⦓ᗘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᑠࡉ࠸ ሙྜ㸪ྠࣞ࣋ࣝ㸦ྠ⛬ᗘࡢ⢭⦓ᗘ㸧ࡢሙྜ࠸ ࠺࣌ࡢᵓᡂ᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡸ༠ྠᏛ ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ┦స⏝ࡢᵝ┦ࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⟬ᩘࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯ୰࣭㧗Ꮫ ݢஜ≝܇ڭИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ 151 ᖺࡢㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩ࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿᛮ⪃ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿẚ ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⓗ᥎⌮㸦proportional reasoning㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 㸦A㸧㛫㐪ࡗࡓ᪉␎㛵ࡍࡿᥦ㸦ㄗ ࠸ࡿ㸦: ⮬ື㌴ࡀ㸰㛫࡛ 120km ㉮ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᥦ㸧ṇࡋ࠸᪉␎㛵ࡍࡿᥦ㸦ṇᥦ㸧 㸪 㸦B㸧 ྠࡌ㏿ࡉ࡛㸲㛫㉮ࡿ㸪 ㉮ࡗࡓࡁࡻࡾࡣఱ km ༢⣧ศࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥ࠸㸦㉁ၥ㸧 ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸽㸧㸦⸨ᮧ, 1992㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡢせồ㸪␗࡞ࡿពぢࡢᥦ♧㸦␗㆟㸧㸪 㢟ࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲࡋ࡚㸪⸨ᮧ㸦1992㸧ࡣ᪉␎ࢆ㸱 㸦C㸧ᡭ⥆ࡁࡔࡅࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸦ᡭ⥆ࡁ㸧᰿ᣐ ࡘศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ձຍῶἲ➼ࡢㄗ᪉␎㸪ղಸ ࡢᥦ♧㸦᰿ᣐ㸧㸪㸦D㸧༢⣧࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ┿ఝ㸦ᶍ ᩘ᧯స㸪ճ༢࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㔞ࡢィ⟬㸧 ࠋࡇࡢศ㢮 ೌ㸧⮬ศࡢ⾲⌧ࡢゝ࠸࠼㸦ᵓᡂ㸧࡛࠶ ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑐ㇟ඣ❺ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆ⩌ศࡅࡋ㸪᭱ࡶ ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 ࠕṇᥦࠖ㸪 ࠕ␗㆟ࠖ㸪 ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖ 㸪 ࠕ ⢭⦓࡞᪉␎࡛࠶ࡿճ༢࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㔞ࡢィ⟬᪉␎ ᵓᡂࠖࡣࡼࡾ῝࠸ὶ㸦㆟ㄽࡢ῝ࡉ㸧ࢆᫎࡍ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ❺ࢆ H ඣ㸪ㄗࡗࡓ᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ❺ ࡿࠋ ࢆ L ඣ㸪ࡑࡢ୰㛫ࡋ࡚ղಸᩘ᧯సࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ Ⓨヰࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᵝ┦ࡢศᯒࡋ࡚㸪ୖ࢝ࢸ ❺ࢆ M ඣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪L ඣ H ඣ࡛ ࢦ࣮ࣜ㛫ࡢ᥎⛣☜⋡ࢆồࡵ㸪ࡑࡢゅኚ್ࡢᖹ ࣌ࢆ⤌ࡴ᮲௳㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ ᆒࡘ࠸࡚㸪LH ⩌ LL ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿᡭἲ㸦㹲 ࡀࡁ࠸᮲௳㸸ᐇ㦂㸯㸧㸪M ඣ H ඣࡀࣃ࣮ ᳨ᐃ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪LH ⩌ࡢ L ඣࡢ᪉ࡀࠕᥦ ࢺࢼ࣮࡞ࡿ᮲௳㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀࡼࡾᑠࡉ ࠖࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ㸪 ࠕㄝ᫂ࠖࡽࠕཷᐜࠖ⛣ ࡃ࡞ࡿ᮲௳㸸ᐇ㦂㸰㸧ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⾜ࡋࡓⓎヰࡢ☜⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪LL ⩌ L ඣࡣࠕᥦࠖ ᐇ㦂㸯࡛ࡣ㸪L ඣྠኈࡢ࣌㸦LL ⩌㸧 㸪L ඣ ࡽูࡢࠕᥦࠖࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ☜⋡ࡀ H ඣࡢ࣌㸦LH ⩌㸧 㸪L ඣ༢⊂ࡢ⩌㸦L ⩌㸧 㧗࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄢ㢟㛵ࡍࡿಶ ࡢ㸱⩌ࢆタࡅ㸪๓ࢸࢫࢺ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟㸪ᚋࢸ ேࡢ⌮ゎᗘㄆ▱ⓗኚᐜࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ୗ ࢫࢺࡢ㡰ᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢ ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢᖹᆒ⏕㉳ᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡢศᩓศᯒ 㸦ୖ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜẖ㸪⩌㸦LH ࡢ H ⩌㸪LH ᳨ᐃ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ඹ㏻ၥ㢟㸦๓ࢸࢫࢺ ࡢ L ⩌㸪LL ࡢ L ⩌㸧ୗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦⾲ᒙ ࡸ༠ྠㄢ㢟୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓၥ㢟㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪 ⓗὶ㸪῝ᒙⓗὶ㸧ࡢ 2 せᅉศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆᐇ LH ⩌ࡢ L ඣࡀ㸪LL ⩌ L ඣࡸ L ඣ༢⊂⩌ࡢ L ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪 ࠕᥦࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪LL ࡢ L ⩌ࡢࠕㄗ ඣࡼࡾ㧗࠸㏻㐣⋡ࢆ♧ࡍഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᥦࠖࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪LH ࡢ H ⩌ࡢࠕṇᥦࠖࡀ㧗࠸ ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮⤌ࢇࡔ L ඣࡢࡳ ࡇࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪LH ࡢ Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ H ⩌ࡢࠕᡭ⥆ࡁࠖࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࠕཷᐜࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ ㏻㐣⋡㸦ṇ⟅࣭ㄗ⟅ࡢẚ⋡㸧ࡘ࠸࡚⩌ู Ȯ ࡲࡓ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟࠾ࡅࡿ┦స⏝ࡢᵝᏊࢆ㘓 LH ࡢ L ⩌ࡢࠕᶍೌࠖࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾ㸪 ⏬ࡋ㸪ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝศᯒࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡣ㸪LH ࡢ H ඣࡣ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢࠕṇ Flanders(1970)ࢆཧ⪃㸪 㸦A㸧᪉␎㛵ࡍࡿ ᥦࠖࠕᡭ⥆ࡁⓗࠖㄝ᫂ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪LH ࡢ L ࢹࡢᥦ♧㸦ᥦ㸧㸪㸦B㸧┦ᡭࡢᥦࡸㄝ᫂ ඣࡣࡑࢀࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓࠋ 㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡸ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡢせồ㸪␗㆟ࡢᥦ♧㸦ᢈ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪LH ⩌ࡢᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪H ඣࡢᡭ⥆ࡁⓗㄝ ホ㸧 㸪 㸦C㸧₇⟬ࡸᅗࡼࡿᥦࡢලయ㸦ㄝ᫂㸧㸪 ᫂ L ඣࡢᶍೌࡼࡿᒎ㛤࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍᪉ⓗ࡞▱ 㸦D㸧┦ᡭࡢᥦࡸㄝ᫂ᑐࡍࡿ⣡ᚓࡸྠព㸦ཷ ㆑ఏ㐩᪉␎ࡢ⾲ᒙⓗඹ᭷࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀぢฟࡉ ᐜ㸧࠸࠺㸲ࡘࡢୖ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀタᐃࡉࢀ㸪 ࢀࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪࣌ࡢㄆ▱ⓗỈ‽ࡢ ᭦㸪Berkowitz, Oser, & Althof (1987)ࡢ⾲㇟ ᱁ᕪࡀࡁ࠸ࡇ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⓗὶ㸦representational transacts㸧᧯సⓗ ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࢆࡼࡾ⊃ࡵࡓ࣌ࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓ ὶ㸦operational transacts㸧ࡢศ㢮ࢆཧ⪃㸪 ᐇ㦂㸰࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂㸯ࡢ L ඣࡀ M ඣ 152 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ᭰ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸦MH ⩌㸪MM ⩌㸪M ⩌㸧㸪๓ࢸࢫࢺ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟㸪ᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢᡭ㡰 㸴. ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢ㏻㐣⋡㸦Ȯ ᳨ᐃ㸧 ࠾࠸࡚㸪㢮ఝၥ㢟㸦༠ྠㄢ㢟㢮ఝࡍࡿᩥ⬦ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞୍ᩧᤵᴗࡣ㸪ᐇᅾⓗ▱㆑ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘၥ㢟㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪MH ⩌ MM ⩌ ఏᤵࡍࡿࡢ㐺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㐺ษཷᐜ࡛ࡁࡓಶ ࡢ M ඣࡀ M ඣ༢⊂⩌ࡢ M ඣࡼࡾ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ ࡢᏛࡧࢆಁࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪M ඣࡢሙྜ㸪༢⊂⩌ࡼࡾࡶ࣌ ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ࢆࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ㢮ఝၥ㢟ࡲ࡛᪉␎ࡀ㐺⏝࡛ ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡢ㌿⛣ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓゎ㔘ࡉࢀ ࡓࠋᐇ㦂㸯ྠᵝ㸪Ⓨヰࡢୖ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㛫 ࡢ᥎⛣☜⋡ࡘ࠸࡚ MH ⩌ MM ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪 ࠕᢈホࠖࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖࡢ᥎⛣㸪ཬࡧࠕㄝ ᫂ࠖࡽࠕཷᐜࠖࡢ᥎⛣ࡣ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ព 㧗࠸ࡇࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ┦స⏝ࡣ㸪୍᪉ࡢᥦᑐࡋ࡚᪉ࡀ✚ ᴟⓗᢈุࢆ㏉ࡍ᪉ྥⓗ࡞ཧຍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㦂㸯ྠᵝࡢୗ࢝ࢸࢦ ࣮ࣜࡢᖹᆒ⏕㉳ᩘ㛵ࡍࡿศᩓศᯒ㸦⩌㸦MH ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ㸪♫ⓗᩥ⬦࠸࠺⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ ᛶ࠾ࡅࡿᏛࡧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡂ❧ࡢ 㛵㐃せᅉࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫࡧࡢሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀㸪♫ⓗ ែᗘ࣭ᚿྥᛶࡢಁ㐍㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆព㆑ ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᵓᡂὀ┠ࡋ㸪ᐇドⓗ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝ ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ⤂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤂ࡋࡓෆᐜ ࡽ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᡂ❧ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ ࡽࡢ㸱ࡘࡢせ⣲␃ពࡋ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᕤኵ࣭ᑐ⟇ࡀ ᚲせ࡞ࡿࡇࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀຍ࠼࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ၥࢆ࿊ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡀࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᮏ㉁࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ♫ ࡢ H ⩌㸪MH ࡢ M ⩌㸪MM ࡢ M ⩌㸧ୗ࢝ ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫᅔ㞴ࢆ♧ࡍඣ ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦㠀⾲ᒙⓗὶ㸪῝ᒙⓗὶ㸧ࡢ 2 せ ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ ᅉศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪 ࠕㄗᥦࠖࡣ MM ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ୰ࡣ㸪ᑐே㛵ಀࡸᑐ ࡢ M ⩌ࡀ᭷ព㧗ࡃ㸪ࠕ␗㆟ࠖࡣ MH ࡢ M ⩌ ேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸪ᩥ⬦ࡢ⌮ゎ㸪♫ⓗᩥ ࡀ㸪 ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖࡣ MH ࡢ H ⩌ࡀ㸪 ࠕᵓᡂࠖࡣ MH ⬦࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ᅔ㞴➼㸪⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ ࡢ M ⩌ࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ ᢪ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡀ㸪ࢢ࣮࣭ࣞࢰ࣮ࣥࡶྵࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡽ ࢃࡕ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ㸪᰿ᣐࢆకࡗࡓㄝ᫂㸪 ⮬ศࡢゝⴥ࡛ᵓᡂࡋ࡞࠾ࡍ῝ᒙⓗ࡞ὶ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㄆ▱ࡢ♫ᵓᡂ⩏ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕࡼࡾඃࢀࡓ⪅ࠖࡢ┦స⏝ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ ຠᯝࡀᙇࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ㸦2004㸧࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕࡼࡾඃࢀࡓࠖࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢ᮲௳ࡀྠ୍࡛ࡶ㸪 ┦ᡭࡢึᮇࡢㄆ▱≧ែ㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ᵝ ┦ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ ࡀࡁ࠸ሙྜᏛ⩦ຠᯝࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪 ึᮇࡢ᪉␎Ỉ‽ࡀࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢ᪉␎ࢆ⬟ືⓗ ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ‽ഛ≧ែ࠶ࡿྰࢆᫎࡍࡿࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࣌ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡢᵓᡂࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡎᏑᅾࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨ㐩ⓗ≉ ᛶࢆᣢࡘඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐࡋ࡚㸪㐣ᗘ♫ⓗື ᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ♫ⓗᚿྥᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡢࡣ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᑐ ᛂ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆᲴୖࡆࡋ࡚ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡶࡘᏛ⩦⪅ࡢᏛࡧࡢሙ࡛ࡢ㐺ᛂ ࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㏫ࡢⓎ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢡࢸ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ≉ᚩࢆάࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞Ⓨ㐩ⓗ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࢆಁ㐍ࡉ ࡏࡿ᪉␎ࡣᶍ⣴࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪 ࠕࢳ ࣮࣒ࡢຊࠖࢆάᛶࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛㸪ಶࠎࡢຊ㸦⮬ ຊ㸧࡛ࡣྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀᅔ㞴࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ௰㛫ࡢ༠ຊ࣭༠ാ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㐩ᡂ࡛ ࡁࡿ࠸ࡗࡓヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜ㸪ಶࠎࡢඣ ݢஜ≝܇ڭИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ↺ↈ᧙↚׆ɟᎋݑ ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩Ỉ‽ࢆⓗ☜ᢕᥱࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ ࡸᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡢ⥥ᐦ࡞᳨ウᡓ␎ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࡀ ᚲせ࡞ࡿ᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᩍᖌࡣ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ ࡸ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫຍ࠼࡚㸪≉ูᨭᩍ⫱ࡢ⣲ 㣴ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪㓄៖ࢆせࡍࡿⓎ㐩≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍ ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ ࡢ࠶ࡾᵝࡣ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡀᮏ᱁ⓗ ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿࡢὶ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᛴົࡢㄢ㢟 ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ᩍᖌࡣᏛ⩦ෆᐜࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃ㸪♫ⓗែᗘᙧᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿྠ㸪࣌ ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᵓᡂ࠸ࡗࡓேⓗ⎔ቃࡢᩚഛᑐ ࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ ࡸ♫ⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᇶ┙㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࢡࢸ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡸᩍᤵ᪉ ἲ⢭㏻ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᑐே㛵ಀࡢຓ➼ࡢᚰ⌮ ⓗຓࡢ⣲㣴ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㈇ᢸࡢ ቑࡣྍ㑊࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࢆᨭࡍࡿయไᩚഛ ࡶྵࡵ࡚㸪ᚋࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ὀ 1㸧 Ⓨ㐩ࡢ᭱㏆᥋㡿ᇦࡣ㸪⮬ຊ࡛࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽㸦⌧ᅾࡢ Ⓨ㐩Ỉ‽㸧⪅ࡢຓࢆཷࡅ࡚࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽㸦₯ ᅾⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩Ỉ‽㸧ࡢᕪศࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀḟ⮬ຊ࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㡿ᇦࢆᣦࡍࠋ ᩍ⫱ⓗࡣࡓࡽࡁࡅ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㡿ᇦࢆព㆑ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock, 2012; ᑠ㔝⏣, 2014㸧ࠋ ὀ 2㸧 ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿయࡣ⊂❧Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᐇᅾୡ⏺ࢆ ᫎࡋࡓᐈほⓗ▱㆑㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡸᑓ㛛ᐙ➼ ࡢᶒጾࡀṇࡋ࠸ㄆࡵࡓ▱㆑ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ❧ሙࡣ㸪 ᐇᅾ⩏࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ఏ⤫ ⓗ࡞Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱㆑ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡓ㸦㔝ᮧ࣭㔝, 2014㸧ࠋ ὀ 3㸧 ⓑ㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ୰࡛ ࡶ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦↔Ⅼࡋࡓሗ࿌ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 153 ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ⹒ ༓ኖ: 1983, ࠕඣ❺ࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦ែᗘ ཬࡰࡍ Jigsaw Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧࡢຠᯝࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊ ✲࠘, ➨ 31 ᕳ, 102-112 㡫. 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Flanders, N.A.: 1970, “Analyzing teaching behavior”, Addison-Wesley Pub Co., Reaching, MA. ⸨ᮧᐉஅ: 1992, ࠕඣ❺ࡢẚⓗ᥎⌮㛵ࡍࡿⓎ㐩ⓗ ◊✲ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 40 ᕳ, 276-286 㡫. Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1996, “Teaching collaborative skills to primary school children in classroom-based work groups”, Learning and Instruction, Vol. 6, pp.187-200. Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1997, “The effects of training in cooperative learning on differential student behavior and achievement”, The Journal of Classroom Interaction, Vol. 32, pp. 1-10. Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1998, “Behavior and interactions of children in cooperative groups in lower and middle elementary grades”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 90, pp. 746-757. ᶒ ⿱ၿ࣭⸨ᮧᐉஅ: 2004, ࠕྠᖺ㱋ඣ❺ࡢ༠ྠࡣ࠸ ࡘ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ: ẚⓗ᥎⌮ࡢ᪉␎ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ␗ ࡞ࡿ࣌ࡢ┦స⏝ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 52 ᕳ, 148-158 㡫. ᶫᮏᐃ⏨: 1994, ࠕ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡀ⏕ࡉࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࠖ, ࠗ⌧௦ᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫ࠘, ➨ 37 ᕳ, 60-62 㡫. ㏿Ỉᩄᙪ࣭⏣⏿ ࣭ྜྷ⏣ಇ: 1996, ࠕ⥲ྜே㛫⛉ ࡢᐇ㊶ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢኚࠖ, ࠗྡྂᒇᏛ ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ㸦ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉㸧 ࠘, Vol.43, pp.23-35. ᮏ㒓୍ኵ࣭㔠㇂ிᏊ: 2011, ࠗ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᇶ♏࠘, ࣑ࢿࣦࣝ᭩ᡣ, ி㒔. 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International edition)”, McGraw-Hill, NY. ሷ⏣ⰾஂ: 1989, ࠗᤵᴗάᛶࡢࠕࣂࢬᏛ⩦ࠖධ㛛࠘, ᫂ᅗ᭩, ᮾி. ⓑ㟹ᩄ: 2011, ࠕࢡࢸࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡢ⤒㦂ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛ⩦ࢱࣉࠖ, ࠗྡྂᒇዪᏊ Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, ➨ 57 ᕳ, 117-125 㡫. Slavin, R.E.: 1995, “Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.)”, Allyn & Bacon, Boston. ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ᮡᮧఙ୍㑻: 2014, ࠕㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ (⦅), ࠗㄔಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡㸦᪂∧㸧࠘, ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி, 204-206 㡫. Wentzel, K.R.:1989, “Adolescent classroom goals, standards for performance, and academic achievement: An interactionist perspective”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 81, pp. 131-142. 155 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ إԓ∝૰ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌‒ Applied Linguistics: Effective Learning Pedagogical Strategies and Curriculum Design -The Cutting Edge of Civic and Citizen Education Matayoshi, Hirona㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧1㸦1㸧 Switzerland is well known for being the founding father of the International Baccalaureate but it is also well known for the educational mentality of solidarity. We can embrace the power of their solidarity from reading their motto,͆Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno”, can be translated from Latin to English as “One for All, All for One” (Le News. 2015). Switzerland is also extremely famous for having four national or official languages which repre sents their respect for diversity. It was because of this motto or mentality they survived World War II. They demonstrated Effective Evidence - Based Control and Defense in “warfare” by not allowing any war planes fly over country. In other words, during World War II they decided they had “no Allies” but “all enemies” so without their discrimination they shot at every plane that flew over their sky including both the German and the United States Air Forces (Helmreich, 2000). The neutrality of Switzerland was assured by an Effective Evidence – Based Strategy of evolutional and progressive mentality. They found that in a materialistic and capitalistic world, they needed to collect and guard the world’s finance by establishing the Swiss Bank. They learned that the strongest religion on earth is “money” and “greed”. They learned that money has a tendency to quench our thirst for greed and banks have become humanity’s churches to worship the accumulating digits in our bank accounts. They learned that protecting the wealth of the was the best way to defend their country. In other words, it would be literally insane to go after the Swiss berich cause they have the bank accounts as an ultimate “hostage”. They proved this in World War II and their effective evidence based strategy continues today. What is even more unique is that in 2013, Switzerland announced their next Effective Evidence – Based Strategy in “welfare” instead. They surprisingly announced, “Switzerland’s Pro- posal to Pay People for Being Alive” in the “The New York Times”. The life style of Switzerland triggered other governments to rethink their education policies under the concept of civics (Lowrey, 2013). Last year, in November 2014, the United States Department of Education published their new education policy. The policy title was “Effective Professional Learning Strategies and Their Use in Future Ready Districts” (Duncan, 2014). The policy was published to encourage researchers to be effective professionals teaching students within the realm of civic education. The purpose was to establish educational readiness for educators to use in the future. This policy was originally established for all the districts and states within the United States but the policy has now taken a wider turn. The policy now includes countries abroad. The Switzerland’s motto,͆Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno”, has influenced UNESCO, the UN, and the EU, especially Oxford University, to adopt this educational policy (Sylva, Retrieved: July 1, 2015). The policy discusses about Effective Learning or Evi- dence-Based Practices that can be used in reflective learning to foster citizen education both locally and internationally. This paper will discuss about the historical evolution from Civil Education, to Citizen Education, to Active Learning, and to the Effective Learning Strategies that has just begun, in 2015, which is also known as Evidence-Based Practices. The paper will also discuss about curriculum design and the future endeavors of the language curriculum in Japan. ääääääääääääääääääääää‒ Keywords‒ ääääääääääääääääääää Civil and Citizen Education, Effective Learning Strategies, Active Learning, Evidence-Based Practices, Applied Linguistics ‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ‣‧ ଐӖྸ‒ ࣖဇᚕᛖ ‒ܖјௐႎܖ፼⊵⋍⊫⊹⋄⊩⋍⋟⊦‒ ⋘⊱⋇⋞⊹⋟Ꮛܖႎဦ↗⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ᚨᚘ‟இέᇢ↝ࠊൟᏋ↗πൟᏋ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ “‣ ӍӴ‒ ࢀ‒ ‒ ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᢿ 156 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ Introduction㸦2㸧 the best childcare book to read (Barnes, 1998). Education is like a motherly instinct He must have believed that education had to be or a common sense. A mother educates her progressive. children to prepare them with all the inequali- world. Dr. Spock contributed in the develop- ties of life. She nurtures her baby with end- ment of our individuality to teach us to let go of less love, milk, and never ending poddy train- our mother’s hand and stand on our two feet to ing. establish our citizenship in our communities all Then, during the same time, the child He helped mothers all around the grows at each age or level and the mother around the world”. teaches the child with a progressive education leading educator for International Citizenship to assure and prepare the child to become a re- Education. sponsible citizen of society. He may have been the She holds the The concept of a country and its citi- child’s hand to lead the child and also comfort zenship came forth from as early as the ancient the child so that it may improve, not just the Greek history. well-being of the child but to build a social his controversial views on how to educate the standing as well to pursue the freedom and youth. happiness by becoming self-sufficiently capa- concept of civic education. ble or independent. ucation was too “avant-garde” or new age at The mother also has great Socrates was put on trial for He provided ancient Greece with the However, his ed- expectations for her child and she realizes that the time. the child must let go of her hand, at one point, “hemlocked” for polluting the minds of the to progressively increase their financial stand- youth. ing as well as preserving their own welfare as a ucator, he brought forth the challenge of “free- nation’s citizen. This motherly instinct is to dom of speech” in democracy. make sure that we, as citizens, can live and for wondering if only Socrates had the capabil- comfortably contribute with each other without ity to access the internet, may be his final out- political conflicts. A mother hopes that her come would have been a little bit different. child will not be a menace to society but con- However, Socrates was the epitome of what tribute as a respectable human being who today’s “active global citizen” is all about. doesn’t need mommy’s hand anymore. In the long run, he got himself Although, he was a revolutionary edWe can’t help Edu- cators and governments refer to this pedagogy as Citizen Education. Some may say, Dr. Benjamin Spock’s The Pedagogical Evolution After centuries have passed us by, we arrive in the 80’s. The old floppy disks were “Baby and Childcare” is outdated but his basic too big, personal computers were not mobile, loving philosophy provided us with the legacy and lap tops were down right heavy. Today, in of the common sense of empathy and love. the year 2015, technology has significantly He made sure that we could embrace each other changed. We have exchanged our big personal in diversity and international understanding. computers with tiny mobile iPads that we can Until he died in 1998, he continued to make carry along and use even on the plane. We are revisions to fit the times, each new edition pro- constantly connected on-line with our iPhones vided growth for our individuality and it is still to eloquently surf the ocean of the World Wide 157 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ Web any time we please, of course, as long as 1992 called the Evidence Based Medicine we have Wi-Fi. (Guyatt, 1992). Times have changed, teach- Well, this policy has now ing strategies have changed, and learning resurrected from domestic civic education and methods have also changed. revived as an international educational phe- Today, the policy has changed, in profound harmonic progression. nomenon. At least, that is what some would want us to the medical community but they didn’t have a think. Dr. Spock “childcare” book to go along as a We have a revised the old Civic and Citizen Education to what we call, now, the However, they had the idea from standardized manual for education. The whole original purpose was to Effective Learning Strategy or Evidence-Based educate the citizens of the United States with Practices. appropriate values to accept the responsibilities Pedagogical Revolution and History 㸦3㸧 of the “adult world”. The idea was accepted The United States went through sev- and adopted today because it reflects upon the eral wars in history and somehow the concept international problems that we face with educa- of civil education froze in time. tional curricula that are not united as one. It was around Today, both domestic and internation- the Vietnam War that this happened when peoThere were, al students need to be educated with prob- way too many, body bags and too many dis- lem-solving, decision-making, empathy, equal- traught mothers, trapped in melancholy, for ity, rationality, loyalty, individuality, integrity, they had lost their sons. and the commitment to justice and democracy ple lost faith in the government. Parents were sick and tired of war and they wanted their children safe as well. away from the pain. In 1978, “Citizen Educa- made, it was also the beginning of globalization tion” became the new trend (͆The Proceedings since the policy was centering on educating the of Citizen Education Conference”, 1978). The people with concerns with global understanding trend began through the United States Congress and multiculturalism. decision. strategy is continued today. They were concerned with a new At the time, that this policy was Well, this educational policy to educate society as an interactive body The problems we, as humanity, face to collaborate with each other and to effectively are that many educational institutions stress contribute to American democratic society. their preparation on students passing examina- As time went by the policy continued to evolve tions whether than focusing on promoting skills until, the Department of Education then pub- for the students to survive in the work place. lished an outline for a guideline to use Effec- Students will pass each exam with each level tive Learning Strategies as a toolkit. The pur- and they sooner or later graduate then become pose was to unite educational professionals lo- unprepared professional citizens. cally and internationally to develop better cur- lem is that they have the knowledge but they ricula for all. are not ready for the work place for they were This Effective Learning policy The prob- began in 2010 called the Effective Evi- educated to pass exams. dence-Based Practices (Means, 2010). How- prepared for a closed local mind-set but not an ever, the concept in itself began way back in international mind-set to deal with technologi- The citizens are only 158 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ cal, political, and financial challenges with ac- name to “Effective Learning Strategies or Evi- tive global solutions. dence-based Practices” in 2014 (Duncan, 2014). The students were educated to follow Active Learning is included into the new Effec- instructions but that produced citizens without tive Learning Policy of Civic and Citizen Edu- responsibility and the notion that problems can cation. Effective Learning Strategies or Evi- be hidden under the rug became the apathetical dence-based Practices has just begun in 2015. norm or standard. This neglect, in the long run, caused more problems. This is because the problems were collecting like a fur ball, caught in the cat’s throat. The only way a cat The New 2015 Effective Learning Strategies or Evidence-based Practices Curriculum Design㸦4㸧 can resolve a “fur ball problem” is to face the facts and spit the “wrong” out. This is what We first need to define Curriculum Design. An original definition of Curriculum educators and governments discovered and they Design is that it is the design of the overall ed- started to move quickly to establish an orga- ucational academic procedure in itself. nized civic education for all. design must fit the goals and objectives of the The Citizenship Education has evolved, government educational policy as well as the connecting the concept of globalization and needs of the employees and the future endeav- multiculturalism. ors of the students. Around the 1900s, the edu- The design must establish cational policy was named, “Direct Method” professional citizens motivated by a mission (Richards, 1992; p. 109). In the 60’s the edu- that can lead them to become good citizens and cational policy changed its name to “Active flourish in their pursuit of happiness in our Teaching” (Richards, 1992; p. 5) in the 80’s. democratic way of life. Then later into the pre-millennium to the mil- is kind of like a road map for the future. lennium it changed to “Active Learning” within map is not fixed nor should it be overly exag- the realm of Citizen Education (“What Is Ac- gerated but flexible enough so we can learn tive Learning?” 2008). from our mistakes and revise it to make it better. A curriculum design That Active Learning is not a new concept The map must have goals and objectives to lead nor a new educational policy since it all began our citizens to their personal dreams or out- since the beginning of time (Corrigan, 2013). come. According to the legend of Christianity, Jesus ers in their personal professional careers to Christ learned to be a carpenter through helping answer to their vocations. his father Joseph by being his apprentice. the university's reasonable and clear mission, Apprentices were a form of Active Learning. vision, and moral value. Today, in Japan, many universities have just original curriculum assessment that was based begun with Active Learning and not quite upon the United States Department of Educa- adapting to the complexity of the new United tion Office of Technology’s, “Professional States Education policy. The United States Learning Strategies Self-Assessment Tool” State Department then renamed the policy from (͆Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”, “Active Learning” in 2014 and changed the 2014; p 4). Our students will become future leadThe curriculum is The following is an 159 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ (The top Curriculum Assessment is an original Curriculum Assessment 㸦5㸧 assessment list made by Hirona Matayoshi. 1. The Curriculum must be Evidence-Based The list was based upon the United States De- Learning centering instruction upon active partment of Education Office of Technology’s, learning. “ Professional Learning Strategies 2. The curriculum must be planned to be use- Self-Assessment Tool” published in 2014 ful, be able to review it, every new discov- (͆Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”, ery is the research of the faculty that will 2014; p 4). assist the progression of the students. 3. The curriculum must have the opportunity According to the “Evaluation of Evi- to have an assessment and be freely revised dence-Based Practices in Online Learning – A to fit each course. Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning 4. Researchers must be free when applying for Studies”, there are three categories of Effec- grants to assist the university as well as pro- tive Learning Citizen Education strategy: vide the students with learning possibilities. Expository, Active, and Interactive. 5. The curriculum must have an evaluation to Each Expository learning strategy is separated into two categories:㸦6㸧 course must have a progression in a distinct The new learning strategy consists of review and revise. 6. The curriculum must be rational. sequence toward an outcome. two categories named Synchronous and Asyn- 7. The quality of the curriculum must never chronous. Expository Synchronous learning fall back but be a constant development for emphasizes on controlled on-line lecture mate- the future. rials whereas Expository Asynchronous learn- 8. The curriculum must be diverse. We live ing emphasizes on on-line free learning. This in a cross-cultural global economy and stu- method assures the students with guidance dents must be prepared for not just the do- while also reflecting upon what they have mestic community but for the international learned (Means, 2010; p. 5). community as well. 9. Each faculty member must be able to freely Active learning is also separated into two categories: Synchronous and Asynchro- be involved in management for they are the nous. experts and they are the guardians of the sizes on solving problems on the net through school mission. interfacing with professionals on-line whereas 10. Assessments must demonstrate the program's possibility or strengths. 11. Assessments must provide revision and reform possibilities. 12. The Curriculum must lead to a higher quality of educational acquisition. Active Synchronous learning empha- Active Asynchronous learning emphasizes on activities with the on-line professional to succeed in understanding activities that are presented to them (Means, 2010; p. 5). Interactive learning strategy is, again, separated into two categories: and Asynchronous. Synchronous Interactive Synchronous 160 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ learning emphasizes on dealing with other students in a lecture-based class while completing Motivation an assignment or completing an on-line simula- Motivation is another problem in ed- tion project whereas Interactive Asynchronous ucation. learning emphasizes on discussions and learn- with a variety of students with a variety of per- ing about methods for professional develop- sonalities and backgrounds. ment (Means, 2010; p. 5). initiate group work as a student challenge with To make the strategy complete we The teacher must be flexible to deal Teachers must new themes every week to prevent the students need to think how the language can be utilized. from boredom. Therefore, language is a tool an individual can ing that is the alarm bell ringing to wake up the be equipped with but not everyone can pick up teacher to make a change in the strategy. the tool to properly use it. the preaching and get the students involved. In the long run, When a student starts snoozStop sometimes the language may simply become a life experience for us to say, "I once studied The Mission The mission of the school should French and German but I failed both of these never be unreasonable and not exaggerated. subjects in high school". When applying the strategies we al- The mission must have clear reasonable goals ways have to first consider the fact that all with a clear outcome for the future. classes are limited to 90 minutes each for 15 sion must appeal to the students like a motto. times a semester in Japan. Each course must The mission statement is like a university mot- When designing to that will be remembered for it will be the have a planned clear theme. The mis- a course it is like imagining a perfect scenario students’ pride in their “alma mater”. of how the course will proceed. motto is the vocation of the university and the It is very similar to how teachers make syllabi. That same process is designing a curriculum. We have to start with the separating of the levels This teachers. The Core Values from Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced. The core values of a university are the Some universities go further with their plan- values or the morality that leads the students to ning from Basic, Introductory, Pre-Intermediate, their personal goals and objectives that will Intermediate, Upper-Intermediate, Pre-Advanced, lead the students to their outcome and answer Advanced, and to Upper-Advanced. their dreams. The The core values must be listed teacher must not just think about the text but like the “Ten Commandments” for these values also consider about authentic materials such as are what make the foundation of the university. the newspapers, magazines, and the internet to These values are like a contract between the provide the students with “up to date” infor- school, the student, and the expectations of the mation. parents. The classrooms must be well digital- ly equipped for the teachers to use a variety of tools of technology to promote a welcoming environment for the students to learn. The School Calendar Including Academics 161 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ Academic Information should be set A good strategy would be to have the students without sudden changes. The students need to use all of their sensory senses to understand the balance their academic life with their private issue that is discussed in class such as using life. Many students work part-time and they their sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, and in- need the flexibility to wisely schedule their cluding their sense to make predictions. time. Teachers usually use digital tools such as slides, DVDs, videos, and the internet to teach stu- Recreation Events: Contests & dents in a familiar setting. Teachers also ask for University Festivals responses and challenge the students’ way of Contests and festivals are very im- thinking through questioning or another style portant for they are not just a motivation insti- called the “Socratic Method” that is used in a gator but they promote competition amongst variety of universities in the United States. the students. The important factor is that stu- dents must feel comfortable. Teachers must Evidence - Based Teaching Strategies make sure that they are somehow teaching and The most important issue for students assisting the students with the knowledge to to be able to learn is to provide the students compete so that they can compete with each with first-hand experience through research, other for some sort of dream for example, a discussions, and debates. prize. participate and practice to be able to acquire the That prize is connected to motivation. Students need to knowledge that they are aiming for. Teaching Styles In the end, the whole purpose of a course is to find the Teaching styles are different with each class joy in the effort of the learning process. and there is no fixed style that can be tailored Therefore, a short or long study abroad pro- for “all” but a collection of styles should shift gram, international or domestic internships within a classroom to continue the student mo- (government and private sector), and domestic tivation. cultural volunteer work would provide the students with the apprentice experience which is Lecture the basis of Evidence – Based Teaching StrateLecture style is needed at times as a gies. direct approach but not used to bore the students to death. The lecture style should be Feedback used to instigate an issue, like an introduction, Feedback is one of the most important where the teacher provides the information to strategies to measure the student’s ability in the students but also allow the students to elab- acquiring what they have learned in the course. orate over the issue that is discussed in class. Some teachers prefer tests, quizzes, presentations, and report papers at the end of the se- Active-Learning mester. Some teachers provide the students Active-learning consists of an active with quick assurance that everything is going approach of having the students lead the class. well while other teachers prefer keeping the 162 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ information as a form of suspense to prevent students must be able to find the joy in the the students from being unmotivated. process of learning. Some Some teachers make teachers like to motivate their students with a suggestions such as free learning sites on the question to ask how the students feel about internet or suggesting books to read for a their own work so that the student can evaluate life-time learning strategy to gain knowledge their own progress. for a life time. In any case, the teachers The reason why the traditional curric- care and hope that the students can understand ula needed to be changed to fit civic and citi- with a mutual understanding. zenship education is that the learning materials, Learning Environment such as using just textbooks, only contained a The learning environment is very one-sided view of the world. The students, Digital tools such as computers, today, need a wider spectrum of intelligence to slides, overhead projectors, video & DVD embrace ethical decisions when faced with fear players, CD players, television, and the internet and resentment on the internet and within life. must be a part of the facility or furnished Fear and resentment can trigger violence. “within” the classroom for the teachers to Then violence can trigger crime. freely use. nately, the internet contains too much violence important. Mobility in the classroom is an- Unfortu- other issue because some classes have the seat within the concept of freedom of speech. bolted into the classroom floor and those are ucators and governments have found that the for the Lecture Style but not for Active Learn- youth need to know that violence is not a solu- ing style. tion nor is it a resolution. It is also not for Evidence - Based Ed- Seats and desks Teachers also need to transform and must be mobile in every possible way to pro- expand their student’s views to see the interna- mote a comfortable and free atmosphere in the tional community as part of their local world. classroom for the teacher to make demonstra- To do this, teaching materials and resources tions so that the students can actively learn. must have an endless variety, in content, and a Teaching Strategies either. vast connection with all the communities of the After School Learning (Homework & Adding To The Inquiring Mind) Students will always come up and ask world. The Concept of Education in the 21st Cen- thing but they simply want to get more ideas of tury: Global Diversity (Roekel, 2015)㸦 㸧 We have to rethink about the concept how the teacher learned themselves. of education. teachers about wanting to learn about someTeachers 7 Education is not just passing should provide other activities that motivate the exams. students to continue their learning. A study students with multicultural ethics so that the session, will initiate a place for the students to students could be enlightened to envision learn and do research while providing the stu- themselves as global citizens as we need to dents with another opportunity of learning share “the mother earth” we live upon. without grades or barriers of the teacher. face it, she’s everybody’s mom and we are at The As educators, we need to prepare the Let’s 163 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ her natural beckoning. In a way, it is like needs must be met. Each student is a USB of Marvin Gaye’s question that was pointed out in knowledge. his song called “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecolo- able to professionally strive to become active gy) where he sings “What’s going on?” citizens to assist and participate in their own Teachers will be needing assistance They need to be informed and be local community as well as participating as ac- and training to manipulate on-line learning tive global citizens. strategies so the teachers will be comfortable able to share with other USBs all over the with the materials and resources. world. As teachers we must understand that the students are al- ture. As USBs they will be In a way, they are the “key” to the fuThey are the “hope” in Pandora’s Box. The television was once the For example, Citizenship Education student “babysitter” for busy moms but, today, will then assure indigenous cultures to interna- the babysitter is the internet. This means we tionally provide knowledge so that the interna- have a vast interactional multimedia ability to tional community can provide a resolution to combine with the world on the internet. the problems that several cultures may be expe- Communities have a common good and the riencing. students must able to discuss, investigate, rec- societies, appropriately making an assessment ognize, and internationally work with each oth- so that the students, at the same time, can un- er to find a “way” to prevent and resolve prob- derstand, inquire, and research to find the lems. common good. Just as much there is a common ready on-line. The students need to know the rules of The point is to explore realities of society or the politics that surrounds and pro- bad there is a common good. The point is to tects us through legal rights. The students find that “common agreement” to resolve each need to be able to take the responsibility and challenge as a civic skill to understand the ne- just reach out with “accessing each other” cessity to accept global issues as an active while surfing the waves of the Web. global citizen with empathy and not apathy. The United Nations also supports this policy to prevent violations of human rights in What are civic skills? promoting youthful progress and prosperity, in An original definition of Civic skills ethical decision-making and prevention of vio- is the concept of critical-thinking skills. lence, under a united global value. In a way, ical-thinking skills consists of a variety of skills Citizenship Education is a tool to prevent apa- such as identifying an issue, describing it, ex- thetical terrorism to spread the universal empa- plaining it, analyzing it, discussing the process thy of diversity (“Priority #3”, 2006). to reach an outcome that will resolve the prob- Citizenship Education must be seen as lem. Crit- An example of critical-thinking skills a “de facto education” that will not just instruct would be the understanding of how democracy students with textbooks but also other materials is represented in legal issues such as court cas- or resources that will promote active civic es and how government agencies help the pop- training to enable linking the local with the in- ulation in need. ternational communities. vice is a good example of civic skills. To do this the stu- dents become a necessary element and their Moreover, community serCom- munity skills can be acquired by students vol- 164 unteering ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ to work with NGOs, NPOs, 15. Analyzing the data for decision-making. non-governmental organizations, and partici- 16. Using the research data for a final report. pating in internships to promote active citizen- 17. The student has achieved in writing a high standard thesis. ship which is also a civic skill. In order for “Evidence-Based Professional Learning” to actually work, we need to list the following necessary strategies. The following is a list of original Evidence-Based Professional Learning Strategies based upon “The Aus- 18. The student is well rated in their achievements. 19. The student is actively eager to continue community work. 20. The student achieves leadership. tralian Society For Evidence Based Teaching Strategies for Those Who Care About Student Results” The list above was an original list of strategies written by Hirona Matayoshi and based (Killian, 2015) : upon “The Australian Society For Evidence 1. Universities need to coincide with the local governmental and national education policy. Based Teaching- Top 10 Evidence Based Teaching Strategies for Those Who Care About Student Results”. 2. Class content goals need to be met. 3. Need to be up to date in content knowledge. 4. Professor uses progressive Effective Evidence-Based practices. 5. Professor uses efficient time to achieve class content and goals. 6. Instruction must contain active-learning by the students. 7. Students, in groups, must cooperate in collaborative discussion. The following are original positive empathetic keystone terms to give us a clear overview: 1. Local Environment learning 2. Comfortable Learning environment 3. Policy Application 4. Motivating Leadership 5. Community Service Volunteer 6. Resources, Data, and Documentation 7. Achievement in norms & values 8. International Citizenship Awareness 8. Students must learn from collaborating with others, such as utilizing internships. The following are edited original negative apa- 9. Face-to-face and on-line collaborations to thetic keystone terms that may have been used find out what they have learned. 10. A continuation of a long-time project like in the 1940s during the Nazi Regime in Germany (Parker, 2014; p. 3): volunteer work. 11. Projects should be within the school year. 1. Authoritarianism 12. Getting feedback through analysis and re- 2. Militarism flecting. 13. Getting new and professional input from a variety of students, including teachers. 14. Collecting and evaluating data. 3. Totalitarianism 4. Hegemony 5. Racism (Parker, 2014, p. 3) ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ Hopefully, by comparing the two pos- 165 one is left behind. itive and negative keystone lists, you may see The desegregation made sure that all how important standardized citizen education Americans whether they were Caucasian or and development can be. The concept of Cit- African American were given an equal oppor- izen Education is to protect the global demo- tunity to have a fact-to-face learning atmos- cratic way of life to prevent the victimization of phere established to be reinforced for the propaganda, in other words, wrong education. common good. Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.’s movement and support for the promotion The History of the African American Struggle in Civic and Citizen Education㸦8㸧 President John F. Kennedy once said, “It ought to be possible, for American students of any color to attend any public institution of equality, liberty, and fraternity to bus the African Americans into Caucasian schools was the demand of a common good in the American Educational policy so that the African Americans were no longer apathetically neglected. they select without having to be backed up by troops.” This was a movement of “Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno” which can be translated from (“10 Best quotes by John Kennedy”, 2013) Latin to English as “One for All, All for One.” However, that was back in history The American Civic Education policy took a lot of effort to establish a foundation for a solution to have a racial balance in schools so that no child would be left behind. That solu- tion was the “Boston Busing Desegregation” policy (Irons, 2015). It was a positive and powerful policy to make sure that “No Student Was Left Behind”. Racism had an apathetic way to “not” allow certain students to attend school. Therefore, the Civic Education made sure the African American students were bused to school and placed into school with troops. Civic Education knew that sometimes the only way to fight against discrimination and apathy was to have empathy to force the apathy down the throats of racism itself. It is kind of like the “fur ball in the cat’s throat” analogy but reversed. In other words, the officials segregated the racists and forced equality down their throats. The policy became an educational legacy of equality at its best and that is what global citizenship education is all about. No when we had “superheroes”. Even today there are racial conflicts that need to be educationally solved. Unfortunately, in 2015, we have found the grim reality that not all policies can be perfect and we need revisions while we will continue to widely educate liberty, fraternity, and equality. Just recently on the news, on June 22, 2015, a Caucasian man named Dylann Storm Roof (21years-old) shot and killed nine African Americans in “The Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church” in Charleston, South Carolina (“Charleston Bans Protests at Funerals of Church Shooting Victims”, 2015). The shooting took place because of a failure of Civic and Citizen Education. Even today, the United States is still dealing with civil rights issues that have still not yet been completely resolved. The suspect was a student who fell between the cracks. He was a high school dropout and without a job (“Dylann Roof: the cold stare of a killer with a history of drug 166 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ abuse and racism”, 2015). He was known by Headquarters (GHQ) set the policy for Citi- his friends, for his racial jokes and became de- zenship Education in Japan (Ikeno, 2005). lusional Ironically speaking, the system was just like the through the bad influence of self-education by reading radical racial su- Citizenship Education system that the United premacist views on an extremist homepage States used after the Vietnam War which was (Sandoval & Rosenberg, 2015). previously discussed. The shift was from Experienced The Apathetical Pedagogical Violence Based Education, during the war to an Abil- To get an insight of how bad it still is. ity-Oriented Education. The shift was to According to The Washington Post, hate groups acknowledge Japan as a whole country or na- are concentrated in the southern part of the tion to make sure that democracy was imbed- United States. Why do hate crimes happen? ded in the minds of the people (Ikeno, 2005). It seems that supremacists breed themselves, it The good thing about this system is that it did is not necessarily because of low economic quite well. standards, but because of a lack of civic and ment with tiny problems in our society and our citizen education. Ministry of Education made sure we could As for who are the victims, they are the minorities of the majorities. Ac- We’ve got a good safe environ- make a living in the cities and neon lights so cording to “The Washington Post”, African we can shop till we drop. Americans experience the most of the hate democracy is materialism and capitalism which crimes. made this country, Japan, great. According to the Federal Bureau of The epitome of The only Investigation (FBI) in 2012, out of every one problem was the original Citizenship Education million African Americans 50 have become somehow or another shifted toward Moral Ed- victims to a hate crime (Ingraham, 2015). ucation. The statistics are scary but they do ship education is very important and that, at Moral Education ͆Religion is like a pair of shoes ... Find one times, the education needs to be revised to that fits for you, but don't make me wear your make sure the minds of the young are not, in shoes.” shine upon the reality of why civic and citizen- any way, negatively influenced like the de- George Carlin (Carlin, 2015) ranged Dylann Storm Roof. We have now learned the history and People usually do not want to be the evolution from Civic and Citizen Education preached when it comes to morals. that evolved into Active Learning Education, lem with Moral Education is that “no one” can and reformed into to today's Effective Learning be a “genuine” example of a “true moral indi- Strategic Education. vidual” and it is very hard to set a standard when it comes to morals. The prob- Another point is Japan’s Future Shift in the National Education Policy㸦9㸧 that according to the Japanese Constitution Ar- After World War II, the United States General “state” and the concept of “morals” has a very ticle 20, religion has to be separated from the 167 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ religious connotation connected to it which can 1. Clarified goals be problematic to people who believe in the 2. Show and Sharing information Freedom of Religion that is guaranteed in the 3. Questioning to see if the student under- Constitution (Takeshita, p. 18). In other words, stood to provide you with a good analogy, it’s kind of 4. Use graphics to visualize like when a strange person comes up knocking 5. Practice and Feedback on your door and, out of the blue, starts 6. Time flexibility preaching to be the “standard moral of society” 7. Group work and your immediate response is to politely 8. Problem and content solving smile, but abruptly shut the door in the person’s 9. Making connections face. Well, that’s the reality about morality, (Killian, 2015) “no one is moral” and “no one can claim morality”. Sometimes, morality can be really The funding of universities is another tediously annoyingly outdated and people usu- problem, in Japan. ally don’t want to hear preachers on their high of technology therefore are unable to acquire pedestals. the supplies for a complete effective approach. The point of Citizenship Education is Some schools have a lack In the United States, the Bill Gates Founda- not morality pushed into your face but the ac- tion is helping schools from a variety of back- ceptance in diversity. However thankfully, the grounds to bring them the equality of competi- old moral trend evolved, and Japan's Ministry tion by providing them funding to furnish the of Education is promoting Active Learning schools with up to date equipment (Bill & which does have a certain amount of diversity Melinda Gates Foundation, 2015). in consideration. Recently, the Japan’s Minis- try of Education did announce that private English Education in Japan㸦10㸧 schools could consider religion as a moral In Japan, a curriculum revolution is on its way. standard as long as religion is a separated as a The Japanese Ministry of Education just started course that can be chosen which very much with a new policy called “Global 30” to pro- represents freedom of choice and freedom of vide a network among universities to unite and religion (The Ministry of Education, Culture, establish courses that are taught only in English Sports, and Technology-Japan. ͆ ࠕᚋࡢ㐨 (The Ministry of Education, “Global 30”, 2015). ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭ᐇ᪉⟇ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ሗ࿌㸧 They have just begun a genuine concept of “No 㹼᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࢆࠊேࡋ࡚ࡼࡾⰋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿ Child Left Behind For Active Global Citizen- ຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ㹼ࠖ", 2013). ship” (Levine & Warren, 2015. Including the The irony is that the United States has already moved on to another civil policy which is a more effective international approach. U.S. Department of Education, 2015). The reason the Ministry of Education quickly maneuvered its new policy was because of an embarrassing news article that What is Evidence-Based Teaching Strategies? stated that the high school teachers couldn’t get more than 550 on their TOEFL (PBT) score 168 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ (Motoyama ᮏᒣ, 2013) The irony is that the bother to teach reading or writing. The reality article was written in 2013 and yet even today, is that the high school teachers have given up the students, in Japan, are still not educationally and are neglecting to do their job. equipped with the ability of the English Lan- is that these high school teachers should not guage. even get a license, in the first place, if they The reality can’t achieve a 550 on their TOEFL score. The How did this happen? What’s Going problem is that this has to do with the prejudice On? and stereotypes. The prejudice and stereo- Many of the high schools, in Japan, typing is done by commercialization strategies were not educating the students according to like the analogy of the “moral standard preach- the Japan's Ministry of Education policy. er”. Therefore, many students who couldn’t get into propaganda annoys the teachers themselves the prestigious universities in Japan end up in because it is very discriminatory and unfair. non-prestigious The Many English conversation schools spend time non-prestigious universities are stuck with ac- with falsifying advertisements like using the cepting students from correspondence (distant term “native-speakers” like an “old moral education) schools. The non-prestigious uni- standard” which neglects their own students versities are then faced with, the reality, that and the citizens of Japan in their future en- they have to teach students who are often illit- deavors as English speakers. erate in English. There seems to be a barrier standards are outdated and they are often a between good high schools and not so good contradiction that angers people and educators high schools (correspondence education). who care about their students. universities. The Of course, this commercialization or Old moral Instead of al- good high school graduates go on to prestigious ienating with the so-called myth of “na- universities and are linguistically well educated. tive-speakers” it would rather be more produc- Whereas, the “not so prestigious” high schools tive to embrace the diversity which educators are centering their education to pass exams but should do. they are neglecting to teach the students Eng- is made by this form of false advertisement of lish. neglect. The reason is simply that the high school teachers have a tendency to use “na- It is very unfair and this prejudice The concept of “native-speakers” is a clear myth. English belongs to the world and tive-speakers” as an excuse for not teaching the English should not be a tool of discrimination students in English (Motoyama, 2013). and prejudice in the classroom but a tool for In Japan, “native-speakers” are used as kind of like the “baby-sitter” analogy that was discussed above. The Japanese teachers Global Citizenship. The reality is that the high schools or the correspondence education teachers are go- struggle with an inferiority complex in their ing to have to quickly learn to survive. The pronunciation and English capabilities. There- coming of age in Japan will change to 18 fore, the teachers feel uncertain when teaching years-old next year (“The Education Newspa- English conversation and end up teaching per”, 2015). When this happens all high schools grammar instead. Some of them do not even in Japan will be responsible for their students’ 169 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ education. The non-prestigious universities cab in the United States, you’ll be lucky if the have been ridiculed and labeled “F Rank” uni- cab driver speaks English. versities because their students were not well thing is that, somehow or another, you will al- educated in the high schools. ways arrive at your destination. They will also The real funny That’s the have to stop making excuses to neglect teach- reality of communication. ing the students who are physically and men- diverse. tally challenged. Therefore, let’s not leave anyone behind. The author was surprised to Communication is Humanity will always find a way. read the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Recently, according to the Asahi Digital Science, and Technology Japan article named, News, the Ministry of Education announced on ࠕ➨ 3 ❶ ㏻ಙไ㧗ᰯᏛࡪ⏕ᚐࡢ⌧≧ August 6, 2015, in commemoration of Hiro- ㄢ㢟ࠖ(Retrieved, 2015). The article was full shima Peace Memorial Day, that they will con- of excuses and didn’t even talk about the con- sider introducing Civic Education in the high tent of the curriculum. schools. However, thankfully, The Civic curriculum will consist of the ministry does acknowledge the problems three courses. with the correspondence schools. Society, In a way, The three courses are Modern Ethics, and Political Economy. maybe, these students need to be “bused” into Within Modern Society, the students will learn their original full-time schools in equality. about World History, Japanese History, and The high schools will sooner or later, in the Geography. near future, have to be “aware” that they will dents will be expected to learn about their iden- be labeled and listed on the internet as well. tity while in the Political Economics courses All the universities know which high school the students will be provided with the has a lack of determination. knowledge of consumer labor, and sovereignty We can easily Within Japanese History, the stu- make a list and checking it twice because we as well. will find out who is naughty and nice. dents can develop as an independent work force Hopefully, in the future, the new Effective Strategies such as Evidence-Based The purpose is to make sure the stu- in the future ( ᪂⛉┠ࠕබඹࠖࠊ⮬Ẹᥦゝἢ ࠺ ᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡣᠱᛕࡶ, Retrieved: 2015). Practice will promote the concept of “World English” and dissolve the inferiority complex Kaichi International University㸦11㸧 of the Japanese English teachers to bring forth Our university is thankfully going a sense of global diversity so that “all of us” through an educational change. can realize that “no one” is a “native” English curriculum, keeping in mind, that some of the speaker because “everyone” is an English university students needed to be tested for speaker. English belongs to “everyone” who placement in different leveled English courses. speaks it. This goes right back to the “One for We separated the levels into Beginners, Inter- All, All for One” analogy. We edited the mediate, and Advanced Levels. English is an equal opportunity. The four No skills (Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writ- “one” should be neglected and teachers ing) were also separated the levels which is shouldn’t depend so much on a mythical “ex- equivalent to that of the best universities in Ja- cuse” called “Native-speaker”. pan. If you catch a We made the placement test to test the 170 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ student's level of English proficiency and sepa- They can have simple conversations. rated them according to their levels but the may not be great but they learned and that problem was deeper. means everything. The test didn't test the They Therefore, we went right back We are continuing the struggle to to the drawing board to add another section to have the students catch up with the best effort test to be able to evaluate writing skills with an possible but I'm sure we will prevail. writing skills. essay. Once we tested whether they could Conclusion read or write we also found that there was the factor of chance. As you may see, nothing has really Yes, out of four choices, changed, in the education policies, but the “cut- some of the students were gifted with the for- ting-edge” of Civic and Citizen Education has ͆25% lucky chance of the power of become a clear mission for all educators around tunate guessing". Some of the students were guess- the world. We as educators have the history ing the correct answers which led to the student of all the techniques that are old and new. misplacement. Luckily, the essay question we Sometimes, we have to stop the preaching and used to test writing skills, pretty much, cleared learn to embrace diversity so we can learn from the problem. each other in global governance. However, we still have to check However for the essays one by one to judge the placement educational policies to work, governments who for each of the students. make the policies, must make checks & bal- reading. Some of the students have problems ances to see whether “all” high schools are liv- This is the unfortunate reality and ing up to the policy standards to fit public af- evidence that the correspondence high schools fairs. are not following the Ministry of Education's we need the back up from all of the high policy and standards. schools. Hopefully, in the future, The universities are doing their best but The whole point of any educational the Ministry would find a way to check if all policy is to make sure not one student is left the high schools are putting a “real” effort not behind in apathy. to leave any student behind. must lead to another level to accomplish high Therefore, if Ac- Each level in the curriculum tive Learning is a necessary norm or civil poli- standards in education and citizenship. To do cy then the high schools must be pushed to fol- so, we need to give the students an equal op- low as “One for All, All for One” as well. portunity at our best. We started Active Learning last year. Today, with the cooperation of all the English teachers, the students are continuing to catch up in all four skills of English. “Unus pro omnibus, omens pro uno” “All for One, One for All”. We are very grateful for these English teachers who assisted Notes our students and for not giving up but continu- (1) The author, Hirona Matayoshi 㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧, has done extensive research on the Ryukyuan Kingdom Curriculum that was published in The Journal of Rikkyo University Language Center in 2005. The title of the article was “Societal ing in their effort and diligence to provide the students with the equal opportunity. Our sec- ond year students can read and write in English. ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ Bilingualism – A Historical Linguistical Curricular Contribution” pp. 55-65. The author also coined the term “Linguistical” in the article by publishing it. The research is based upon old records of the bilingual education that took place during the Ryukyu Kingdom. The education system educated both the wealthy and the poor in equality. In a way, we may see it might have been at least one of beginnings of civic education. (2) Based upon the book written by Dr. Benjamin Spock called, “Baby and Childcare”. Dr. Spock’s book was a household manual for civic education all over the world back in the 60s and 70s. The author’s parents had the original English version in the bookcase. Later in life, while reading the book, the author found her parent’s notes verifying that they used the manual to educate her through Dr. Spock’s curriculum. (3) Based upon the author’s research in curriculum planning scheme and adapting it into the new curriculum being introduced in this article. (4) Curriculum development is very difficult. The whole purpose is to be able to plan ahead and to see the whole process with a clear vision of the future. (5) As the reader can see in the article, planning a curriculum is like a flow chart of things and goals that need to be met. Therefore, depending upon one strategy is not a good idea. Personalities vary and so do students. Therefore, the old Active-Learning was good for promoting participation and motivation but not necessarily educationally informative. Depending upon the subject being learned, students need to be lectured sometimes. Education is not just fun and games it has to be reinforced. (6) Effective Learning Strategies, on the other hand, uses all of the educator experience to guide the students to be good citizens in our communities. The strategy itself must adapt to all students to provide them with an equal opportunity. (7) Civic Education is a necessary norm in all soci- 171 eties. Effective Learning Strategies (Evidence-based Practices) will provide the students in the survival skills by learning about being a member and a powerful voice within a community. This is what Global Citizenship is about. (8) If an educational system is unfair then problems arise. This is why Global Citizenship Education within Effective Learning Strategies is necessary. The Evidence-based Practices are an answer to mutual communication through a global understanding that we share this mother earth to prevent conflict. (9) Japan has just started with the promotion of Active-Learning. However, we need to quickly adjust to the new movement as a journey. Many of the prestigious universities are participating in the “Global 30” policy where all of their classes are done in English to promote Global Citizenship. In the future, the author is very eagerly waiting for all schools to have a form of real bilingual education where we as citizens of the world would be able to establish a bridge without barriers to establish mutual cross-cultural understanding. (10) However, there are problems that need to be faced with. In television commercials and posters on the train, we are constantly bombarded with advertisements about learning from native-speakers and how we should yearn to become native-speakers. In a way, this advertisement propaganda is very much false. The students are not yearning to become foreign nationals. They look up to Japanese nationals who have an equal stance with the global community. Majority of the students simply want to learn because they have an image of themselves becoming bilingual. They want to keep their identity and not throw it away. To give the reader a better understanding. Girls are given blonde Barbie dolls to look up to. Boys are expected to look up to Clark Kent in Superman. The author prefers her old “Licca doll” with dark and sometimes black hair since that is the hair she has. The author became bilingual not because of Barbie but because her role-model looked a lot like her. 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Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www1.umn.edu/ohr/teachlearn/tutorials/active /what/ ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 179 إԓ∝૰ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ Sociolinguistics: A Linguistic Analysis of the Era of Violence in African American Spirituals, Jazz, & Blues - Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education through the Language War Matayoshi, Hirona 㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧1 This paper is a linguistic critical analysis by reflecting upon Robin Tolmach Lakoff’s sociolinguistic analysis within her brilliant understanding of linguistics in her book, “The Language War”. She portrays her understanding of linguistics though current events in time. She discusses about how politics and the people are entwined within the “Language War”. Although her book was written in the year 2000, we are continuing her theory. We will add new current event issues to her theory while reflecting along with her book. According to Professor Lakoff, the purpose of linguistics is to translate and interpret the meanings of events for the next generation. Therefore, the writer of this article will follow Professor Lakoff’s strategies while explaining past issues toward recent issues that are occurring in the news so we can understand the meaning of the “Language War”. We must first look at the “Language War” in the testimony of violence within African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals. African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals are historical voices, resources, databases of witnesses, and victims of the past. the inequality of generations. These voices screamed out In a way, they are still surviving a "Language War" even today. They screamed for help in protest and yet due to those who perpetuated the violence of segregation, intimidation, and discrimination that took place, “no one” could help them but continued to avoid the problem. standers in denial and neglect. It was as if they were absent apathetic by- The reason is because prejudice and bigotry became the thorn of evil stuck in between the heart of empathy to produce apathy. Those who perpetuated violence under the power of mass persuasion acted in collective behavior. To understand the meanings and the backgrounds of many of these exquisitely deep profound lyrics or language of Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals, we must also understand the history of what happened to the African Americans. The United States is often viewed as a melting pot due to the history of the settlers who were faced with the difficulties in assimilating into the European society. However, these same apathetic amnesiac settlers then colonized the American Indians and their land to build what they thought was a paradise with slavery. Professor Robin ‒ ‒ was caught up in as the “Language War”. Tolmach Lakoff, coined the process of what America In this “Language War”, no one understood the cycle of harassment which just continued like a domestic violence. According to Professor Lakoff, the “Language War” triggered the importance of the civil rights movement in the late 60s. blues came forth a muse. Her name was Billie Holiday. Out of the th This report is also to acknowledge the 100 year com- memoration of the memory of Billie Holiday for the power of her voice gave birth to civil action that fought that Language War. ääääääääääääääääääääää Keywords äääääääääääääääääääää Sociolinguistic, Civil Action, Effective Citizenship Education, Linguistic Analysis, Language War ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ‣‧ ଐӖྸ‒ ᅈ˟ᚕᛖ↝⇟∞∑⇼↗⇠∉⇞⅚∑∉⇧∐⇺⇟∙⇑∐∇⇈∙⇑∐⇻⇈ ‒ ‒ܖɶ↖↝⅚୧щˊ↝ᚕᛖЎௌ≐ᚕᛖʗ⇁ᡫↆ↕↝‒ ⇝⇹∑∝⇈⇕⇝∍∙↗јௐႎ↙⇎⇻⇍⇕⇬⇉⇼ࠊൟ↗πൟᏋ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ “‣ ӍӴ‒ ࢀ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᢿ‒ 180 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ same time they also sacrificed the indigenous Introduction An original definition of a "Language people's human rights for their own freedom. War" is the conflict of political communication The European explorers destroyed the indigenous in other words excuses for hate crimes. It is a people through using biological warfare such as conflict of those who “belong” and those who are small pox infested blankets (“The Story Of … labeled “foreign”. Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs”, This labeling of "foreign- ness" or "differences" is a form of shaping public 2005). attitudes to concept of “disease or epidemics” but then when acknowledge an excuse for mass mob violence they found the power as a source for “alienation”, and abuse. they used the epidemic in the form of “deceased like a form of propaganda It is more psychologically violent They may have been ignorant of the than any other biological war for it is an overall blankets” to destroy a civilization. abuse that lasts for generations damaging the to gain the dream of political power to control. foundations of humanity’s existence not just Language Wars are not just blows to your face as physically but mentally. (2) They did it a violent reaction but it is a loss of communica- The “Language Wars” destroy cultures in tion in historical amnesia. This amnesia shines order to build their culture upon another by ne- a morbid glow of inequality which has been a glecting another. constant issue that has never been solved since In a way it is also a linguistic colonialization. This sacrifice is always used as an excuse or a form of amnesia. the beginning of time. (4) It is very simi- lar to how people claim to be a certain religion like calling themselves "Christians". However, The fruit of the knowledge of good and evil in the same breathe, instead of following the “If there’s any interaction between genes and philosophy of turning the other cheek, they fall languages, it is often Languages that influence into a convenient amnesia and forget all their genes, since linguistic differences between popu- philosophies with the doctrines like the Crusades. lations lessen the chance of genetic exchange In result, they murdered under a fake new phi- between them.” losophy by using their own god's name as an excuse. – Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. (5) This is what a Language War is all about. They labeled and killed under the excuse by using God's name in vain. (Sforza, Goodreads, 2015) They completely went through a convenient amnesia and forgot the Ten According to the geneticist, Luigi Luca Commandments of "Though shall not kill" Cavalli-Sforza, humanity started in Africa with a (“Catechism of the Catholic Church”, Exodus 20 single woman who had a gene called “mitochon- 2-17). (3) olence. dria”. She was named “Mitochondrial Eve”. World history is still based upon that vi- Her daughters bore more children, in repetition, The dreams and expectations to find a generations of the descendants of Eve then made paradise of freedom and equality as if a religion civilization as we know now. or as the engine that moved the pioneers to es- blood line still continues to flourish. Her blood cape, to find other green pastures, and yet at the line traveled and passed down to every woman Even now her ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ on earth. She became the great ancestor of all women. The Mitochondria DNA is only passed through women and not through men. Thus, the 181 Professor Lakoff discusses about how the Language War began though mythology. The so called "Adam" line has been broken (Lewin, biblical story of "The Tower of Babel" written in pp.54-55). the “Old Testament”, best represents the begin- Referring back to the Luigi Luca Caval- ning of the Language Wars. According to the li-Sforza’s quote, we are related to the almighty story, humanity all spoke the same language. “Grandma Eve”, in our blood, we carry the mi- Unfortunately, humanity had the bad idea to try tochondria of centuries which means, we are a to communicate with the big man upstairs, data base or a USB memory stick of Eve's history “God”. or “her-story”. Those genes are codes or lan- started building this huge communication tower When you think about it, she was a until one day, God looked over his shoulder most guages. Well, humanity continuing its bad idea, great woman, in a way, for she may have been likely in retaliation remarking, "No way". the holy womb and “holy grail” that passed down destroyed the tower and dispersed those who the beauty and symmetry of the double helix of built the thing in the first place (Knight, Genesis genetics. 11:9). Our body cells remember her for she is still in our genetic building blocks. Our ge- gan. God When he did this the Language War beInstead of one language he brought forth netics or tree of life is like a ladder that was made the complete linguistic chaos on earth. for us to be established in her form like a copied words, all hell broke loose. manuscript. Of course she is the only specimen Christian God of turning the other cheek while at that genetics have found and that there were the same time not acknowledging his own chil- probably others or copied manuscripts just like dren as his own by labeling them “different”, her. “strange”, or “foreign”. Unfortunately, humanity has a brain that In other Again, this is the has a tendency to forget very quickly by labeling According to Dante's "Divine Comedy", and classifying differences even though we are he uses Pope Gregory the Great’s sixth century basically from one big family. Human's strug- definition of the Seven Deadly Sins to express gle with this racial amnesia somehow, led us to the concept of hell (“The Seven Deadly Sins”, forget our origin in Africa. It is like how Pro- 2001) . The legend about the Tower of Babel de- fessor Lakoff mentioned about the lineage of po- scribes a God who was portrayed as “the dude” litical correctness leading us to the civil rights who contradicted himself. movement through a war of words that has been committed several of the seven deadly sins such imbedded into our DNA for us to interpret and as "greed" to keep power, control when he read between the lines. looked over his shoulder, "jealous" was when This is the God who God found the people built the tower, "pride" the The Origin of The Language Wars (6) sarcasm of God thinking “No way”, and God “Those who can make you believe absurdities, himself expressed his "wrath" by destroying the can make you commit atrocities.” tower to disperse humanity in revenge in retalia- -Voltaire (Voltaire, Goodreads, 2015) tion. In a way, this story represents how perse- cution began by the dividing of languages and 182 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ Ironically, perse- ground, and to overcome their mental trauma. cution, segregation, and apartheid originated in In the end, they were able to heal their physical the bible or the “Old Testament”. and psychological wounds through their souls the division of ethnic groups. According to this myth or mythology, and blues. This is how the music of spirituals, our languages separated and provided us with a blues, and jazz began. wall between our own family members in segre- row and civil duty to make others aware that they gation. were not alone. Wars and conflicts under the concept of It all began through sor- In a way, it was a form of Citi- greed brought forth and dug a gigantic chasm zenship Education. between humanity to build battlements within Lakoff, language is more than words for these civilization to exclude another from another. words are worth fighting for and that is what civil In a way, the Language Wars became an excuse According to Professor action is all about. under a self-made amnesia to protect the uniqueness from the so called label of "evil foreignness". This concept was also mentioned in The Power of Civil Action (7) What did Professor Lakoff mean? The Professor Lakoff’s book about dismissing or the best quote that provides the reader a preview of alienation of the female gender. the "Harlem Renaissance" and an insight into the Before 1865 the so called "privileged" or problems with “racial amnesia”, would be the the slave owners kidnapped the ancestors of to- magnificent African American activist and poet day's African Americans and enslaved them un- Langston Hughes (Earle, pp. 118-123). der this concept of the “protecting of uniqueness” following is his quote: The began with prejudice and segregation (Earle, pp. 66). Some of the slaves were "allowed" to go to church. The reason why quotations are used is I swear to the Lord I still can't see Why democracy means Everybody but me. for us to see the inequality that took place at the -Langston Hughes time where human rights were ignored and peo- (Hughes, 2015) ple were "allowed" to have a spiritual moment in their lives. They were also “allowed” to sing His quote triggered the idea of question- but not in their traditional African beat, rhythm, ing the civic system of the society of that time. and song. They were allowed into the church to This later led to civil action to promote and pro- learn the "white man's" way of life and so they tect the civil rights movement for not just all would “conform” to their “owners”. In other Americans but for all citizens of the world. words, they were educated to submit under cap- Students were given the equal opportunity to tivity. To override this difficult situation, the study in an equal atmosphere to pursue their hap- African Americans quickly learned to use the piness under the Constitution of the United States church meetings to their advantage. of America. They be- African American students were gan singing about their daily life to send out bused into Caucasian schools for the opportunity messages and inspire empathy with others. of equality under democracy. In the process they could escape from their hard- The Civil Rights Act for African Ameri- ships, establish a group or collective therapeutic cans in the United States was enacted in 1964. 183 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ The act banned segregation in education (Earle, that we refer to as the “linguistic markedness”. pp. 112). Billie Holiday sang about that reality. Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. in- She sang fluenced President Lyndon Johnson to act quick- of resistance and resilience. ly to support and the African Americans fought song was "Strange Fruit". for their right to vote with the Voting Rights Act ing about the hardships of being African descent in 1965 (Earle, pp. 113). and slavery but she sang about the outcome of This is what Professor Eve's children. Lakoff meant. Her most famous She wasn't just sing- She sang it in didactic agitation. She was literally and poetically opening “Pan- The Voice of Civil Action: The 100 Year Commemoration of The Memory of Billie Holiday (8) If humanity's Grandma Eve (used as a dora's Box” with her vocal crowbar. She wanted to let all the evils out including everything because she was yearning for that last moment of “hope”. metaphor) were here today, we can wonder and ponder for an answer or may be an apology for "One day a whole damn song fell into place in we can be sure she would have tears in her eyes my head." to see what we have become. dren are struggling today. Her grandchil- -Billie Holiday She passed her mi- (Holiday, “Brainy Quote”, 2015) tochondria to her following generations with all the expectations of survival, dreams for the hope The following lyrics are from a famous of green pastures, and yet her grandchildren historical reality of violence toward minorities or haven't quite got her message. indigenous people. amnesia. It is a form of Have we answered her dreams? Not Blues. The genre of this song is The song was written by Abel Meeropol yet, but we are still trying to pass down her mes- also known by his pen name Lewis Allan and sage or “her-story”. sung by Billie Holiday (Holiday, Billie. Billie Holiday had Moth- er's Eve's (referring to Adam and Eve) blues and Holiday” “Billie CD lyric card). she was good at spreading the word throughout the world. She took her civil duty quite seriously and she learned about the power of the mu- The Blues (9) "Strange Fruit" sic media and like what Professor Lakoff discusses about within the Languages Wars that it is Southern trees bear a strange fruit, necessary to maintain the equality within the sta- Blood on the leaves and blood on the root, tus quo. Billie Holiday was not just maintaining Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, the status quo but she was a “Joan of Arc” in re- Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees. taliation to awaken the minds of the following generations. In a way, using Lakoff’s interpretation Pastoral scene of the gallant south, The bulging eyes and twisted mouth, of the times, Billie Holiday was one of the muses Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh, for the Harlem Renaissance (Earle, pp. 120). Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. According to Professor Lakoff, there is a reality 184 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ who were murdered. Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, deals with satire. We can see as if watching it on the news or on film. For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, Each poetic device is within this one sin- Here is a strange and bitter crop. gle song. (Holiday, Billie. It is an epigram which gy. “Billie Holiday” CD lyric It is a master piece of poetic antholo- Let's look at the lyrics, again. We will first count the Rhyme by using the alphabet then card). we will dissect each poetic literary art that was These were people with names and families who were forced to their deaths by the ugly used to produce such profound excellence of the Harlem Renaissance. reality of prejudice, racism, fear politics, wrong "Strange Fruit" education (propaganda), and the government at the time was responsible for these wrongful deaths. The duty of the government, according Southern trees bear a strange fruit, (a) to the Constitution of life, liberty, and the pursuit Blood on the leaves and blood on the root, (a) of happiness, was to provide the people with an Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, (b) equal environment of happiness but failed to do Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees. (b) so. The voice of this song is so beautiful and yet so eerie. The song is a haunting image that Pastoral scene of the gallant south, (c) gradually dawns upon you to become a surreal The bulging eyes and twisted mouth, (c) vision representing the meaning of the "Blues". As you may see the power of the voice, in the words, are beyond the sound. Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh, (d) Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. (d) Without even knowing the song just by reading it or de- Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, (e) coding the emotions within the words we can get For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, (e) For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, (f) a clear picture of what was going on. "Strange Fruit" was an allegory of life Here is a strange and bitter crop. (f) of the oppressed and the sins of the oppressors. It is the horror of The Rhyme count is aabb, ccdd, eeff. the outcome of Eve's grandchildren. The genre Therefore, it is neither an “Italian sonnet” nor a was "Blues" but it was sung as ballad or a story. “Shakespearean sonnet” but an original ac- In a way, it is an autobiography or a biography of ceptance of both which conveys the didactic the author and many others who have been vic- message to the reader and listener. timized. an understanding of humanity as one. It is a clear lesson of horror. The song contains an eerie sense of It represents It was Each written so that anyone could remember the words word has a connotation connected to it which and easily to reproduce the song, in repetition, to reflects negative vibrations to the soul of blues. spread the word. Each word was clearly chosen to represent that chant, or prayer from a psalm. resilient anger with a pursuit for justice. anger in denotation. It is also an elegy for those It was very much like a hymn, ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ Unfortunately, it is still not clear whether 185 Thus, in terms who wrote the song or is not really Abel Meeropol, actually wrote the lyrics alone an issue. since there have been other sources who claim a both of them wrote it and "God bless their souls". different story. Let’s dissect the song to see the Blues. However, in a way, due to the However, it would be a justice to say historical language war in the United States, Meeropol needed to be the writer. English teacher and songwriter. He was an We can also see the Assonance in the lyrics: If it wasn’t then Billie Holiday would be in danger. "Strange Fruit" More- over, we also have to understand that Meeropol was of Jewish background. Therefore, he un- "Southern trees bear a strange fruit," derstood discrimination and he also must have been as frustrated with the inequalities through The constant sound of "s" is like the his own experience in life and in history (Moore, hushing sound of “sh” like the snake in Eden 2010). protecting the fruit of good and evil. Nonetheless, Abel Meeropol used the The sound "s" is the sound of the snake communicating a pen name, "Lewis Allen", to distance and protect secret. himself, so he wouldn't be seen as an “outsider” the truth is the witnessing of an evil of murder. and a “foreigner”. The song begins with a faraway vision of some- Therefore, we can see how dangerous it was for both of them. In a way, we can presume that Meeropol was not just protect- The secret holds the truth. In this case, thing harmless but something to fear for the fruit is not normal but "strange". ing himself but he, also willingly, protected Billie Holiday. Just the thought of that would bring tears to anyone's eyes. "Blood on the leaves and blood on the root," He was a true "man". He was one of the many sons of Grandma Eve. He The constant sound of "bl" and "oo" ap- was also a great linguist who not just taught Eng- pears to represent the sadness in the movement of lish and wrote songs but he fought for civil the mouth when these words are pronounced. rights. is also very difficult to pronounce like an intimi- He fought for Billie Holiday which means he fought for everybody (Moore, 2010). Billie Holiday gave the song life. She It dation for trees do not have blood and yet the root is personified to have blood like it was a provide the song with even more passion of re- living human being. The word "leaves" repre- sistance and resilience, in protest, for "Strange sents the leaves on the tree but also represents the Fruit" was definitely an ultimate weapon as a criminals “leaving”. Linguistic Resistance to not just to support the agine the criminals were covered with the antag- African Americans but to support all who have onist's blood when they were leaving and the been victims of the Language War even today. blood was smeared on the “leaves of the trees” On the other hand, it was essential at the time, to including the “blood pool” that was left on the share the burden for that sharing of empathy for a roots. cause made sure we can listen and read the ex- One meaning is “the roots” of a tree or a plant cellence of the singer Billie Holiday, today. but also “the roots” of humanity or DNA. Theoretically, we can im- The word "roots" has two meanings. Just 186 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ by reading this phrase we have become witnesses glect, ostracized, foreignness, scapegoated, and to a crime. labeled with stereotypical prejudice for the fruit was a human being. "Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze," concept of “white supremacy” that took place at the time. This phrase is a clear descriptive state- This evil came from the White supremacy was the political agenda that was led by propaganda by those who ment representing the African Americans who claim to be Christian like the Crusade. were hung by the neck in the deep southern part mental bite that the reader takes from the fruit of the United States. leaves us with the bitter taste of evil and the dou- The Deep South still has racial problems or amnesia. The historical remnants of the 1862 Confederate army that later The ble standard of the so called church goers of that time in the United States. evolved into the Klu Klux Klan could be defined The people who killed the African as a terroristic organization that still causes Americans, like a “witch hunt”, claimed to be in problems today (Earle, 2000). search of salvation. They are still They had families and yet The old Confed- due to prejudice, bigotry, and predetermined erate states are still considered the “deep south” mentality of evil they murdered by their own ge- and they are still notoriously prejudice areas of netic brothers according to the geneticist, Luigi the United States. As you can see again, the "s" Luca Cavalli-Sforza. When we look at genetics it appears to represent the snake that protected the is really sad since originally we were born from fruit knowledge of good and evil. the same mother who passed down her mito- very powerful in these areas. The imagery is very vivid with the southern cruel fragrance of chondria to all women on earth. death, and murder can be smelled throughout this women are copies of Mitochondrial Eve. one line. All of us The words "southern breeze" is satiri- cal, sarcastic, and yet represents the melancholy "Pastoral scene of the gallant south," and mourning of how life can be taken away by a breeze. The word "Pastoral" fits in quite ironi- In other words, the horror of public mob mood swings could make anyone a victim. cally with excellent satirical poise. The word, “Pastoral” provides the reader with a serene pu"Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees." rity of a rural country side on one side which blinds the reader and listener to neglect what is The personified satire is used by representing the bodies as fruit. The “Strange Fruit” really happening in the “not so pure” reality of horror. The term "gallant" is supposed to rep- could be considered as representing the bible resent the good and the brave but in fact the so story of Adam and Eve taking the bite out of the called good and brave Christians, at the time, fruit of the knowledge of good and evil. were the murderers. The They lynched and mur- “Fruit” itself is not evil but the fact that the per- dered innocent African Americans for selfish sonification of the fruit being hanged by another political reasons as a language war. person as a “strange fruit” is the evil. imagery of good that is depicted and portrayed The “strange” is the representation of alienation, ne- It is the ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 187 yet we know that this view is a form of amnesia word “scent” but changed the word to “smell” being forced upon you. which the reader can imagine the smell by their own personal experience. "The bulging eyes and twisted mouth," awakened our sense of smell for it is the smell of “trouble”. The descriptions of the dead bodies pro- The author has It is like an SOS that represents, “Save Our Souls”. vides the reader with the horror of the reality of the twisted mentality of those who murdered and terrorized. "Here is fruit for the crows to pluck," The reader can see a forbidden scene Meanwhile, at the crime scene the crows that no news program would ever dare show the viewers. It is the view of the guilt, in hell, and or police officers or maybe the criminal them- yet it is covered with the amnesiac pastoral sce- selves are mutilating the bodies. This phrase ne. represents the tar and feathering torture that was a notorious way that the Klu Klux Klan often "Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh." The scent or fragrance of magnolias are performed upon their victims (Jeffries, 2007). "For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck," not fresh nor are they sweet but very distinctively The victims were left without proper strong. The scent is more like a punch in the face. The concept of this strong scent of magnolias burial. represents the cover-up of crime or the negli- tims who were used and abused. gence that took place. It also represents how people can always neglect a crime without concern the following day. This represents the sadness of the vic- "For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop," Bystanders quickly Their silent witnesses who didn't inter- forget like experiencing amnesia. vene were the sun and the trees who continued to "Then the sudden smell of burning flesh." perpetuate the abuse with nature erasing the reality of the violence. The lynching that took place, at the time, were beyond comprehension. It was a mob harassment of torture and violence. However, the sadness is that nature's child was being victimized and Mother Earth couldn't protect her offspring. The word Tarring and "drop" can be interpreted as dropping the bodies feathering were used as a public humiliation but it can also be seen as another personification spectacle by using heated tar or asphalt which is as the trees or nature dropping their heads in similar to petroleum or gasoline poured upon the apology and devastation for nature couldn’t do victim. The feathers were used like a wick of a anything. candle that would ignite. was watching her own children in sadness. The victims were lit- Mitochondrial Eve or Mother Nature erally burned alive in the sun and the breeze that would add oxygen into the flame. As you can see the in the previous line, the author used the "Here is a strange and bitter crop." 188 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ The last phrase represents how prejudice To understand how Billie Holiday was and bigotry can mistreat another by not evening made to sing this song is to understand her ge- admitting to their own humanity by referring to netics. them as a “strange fruit” which is like a labeling als in church. another person as “foreign” or even a “crop”. She was brought up by singing SpirituSpirituals are songs that originated in In a way, the “strange fruit” is the representation Africa. of an “outcast”. tion all began. The word "bitter" means the Africa is where Apartheid or segregaPeople were classified under bitter reality where the “strange crop” is not nec- labels of "foreignness" so that the so called essarily the dead but also those perpetrators who Christians could enslave, use, and abuse Africans are the “real strange and bitter crop” for they as slaves before 1865 (“African American Spir- murdered in cold blood because of hate. ituals, 2001). This Apartheid continued until 1994 provides the reader with the bitter reality that evil (“The End of Apartheid”, 2009). does not come from an external source but from Lakoff viewed this cry of soul as a linguistic hu- the cruel and negligence of humanity. man rights movement. Human- Professor ity can easily look away or avoid when they are faced with seeing horror as if experiencing some Personal Reflections of History in the 90s. sort of amnesia but if this was you, would you still look away? “You better watch out, there’s a stranger in The violence, at the time, came from hate crimes and these hate crimes were not dealt with town.” By The band TOTO (Retrieved, 2015). but pushed and covered under a thin carpet of apathetic neglect to refrain from realizing that no one is better than the other. from one mother. To provide the reader with a deeper un- Humanity came derstanding of what a Language War is all about This ironic “bitter crop” or and why we should read Professor’s Lakoff’s perpetrators were also the children of Eve too. book, is to look into history. They murdered their own relatives. That is the of the article, Hirona Matayoshi, was in college sadness and the bitter fragrance that is left with at time. She remembers her dorm mates (dor- the reader after we read these surreally magnifi- mies) who were African American pointing to cently maleficent lyrics of history opened before the television, in the common room of her dorm. our eyes. It is the horror of the "The Heart of They were calmly watching the television while The color of skin is not an issue for the rest of us from a variety of cultures and na- Darkness". we are all human. the lyrics. We can see our own evil in If you have a chance to listen to Bil- In 1992, the author tionalities began to gather, in the common, room with concern. The news program was a live lie Holiday's "Strange Fruit" you can actually coverage of Rodney King being lynched by hear her cry in every note. Caucasian police officers (Garner, 2012). of pure Blues. It is a master piece If you do have racial amnesia, We all sat in front of the television devastated to see hopefully it will wake you up so you will have violence live in front of our eyes. time to close the lid of Pandora’s Box. in diversity. We sat there On the television, we watched live footage of riots throughout the United States, ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ mostly in Los Angeles. One of the dorm mates quietly said, “The City of Angels … ”. witnessed the Los Angeles Riot on TV. We At the out of control and everybody was in danger. Her “dormies” said to her, "You'll be singled out and believe us, you're safer on campus. time of the riots, even the east coast of the United are States was on curfew. Demonstrations are peaceful. The author’s old friend 189 very different from Riots demonstrations. Riots are violent. at NYU had his head hit from behind because he Plus, we already ordered pizza and the kegs are was Asian (Japanese). on us! The author didn’t know The party is 'in and on' the house!" She about what happened to her high school friend at laughed at the joke because she knew they were NYU until a few days later. trying to provide her with an understanding and Just about a month ago before the riot, assurance that everything “was going to be al- the author’s dorm planned a party for her and we right”. were supposed to go out that night. However, ment to have actually experienced real deep ra- on that day, her “dormies” were begging her not cial issues. Luckily, the author had good dorm to leave campus due to the Los Angeles Riots. mates that gave her assurance of a safe haven in She told them, "I'm Japanese, there's no prob- New Haven, Connecticut which was what she lem!" really needed at the time to feel safe on campus I didn’t know about what was happening at NYU. They told her, "Girl, you go out there However, that was a first time and mo- with her friends and those who cared about me tonight, it don't matter what your color is, what with empathy. nationality you are, you are not us and you are our university gates closed to the public. not them. neutrality, the university protected the students in Being not one of "anybody" is the That was also the night when silence and prayer. problem!" The author’s “dormies” pointed at the In They reinforced the campus with guards during the night. news, the subtitles warned Asian students to keep Oddly enough, maybe it was the author’s in doors because somehow the anger of the Okinawan indigenous background that provided "Language War" was spreading out to innocent her with scheme or the background knowledge to bystanders. understand that single moment of jeopardy. That In other words, innocent bystandFor some was the day, she realized how deep the concept reason, Asians were targeted, including Japanese of "difference", "foreignness", and “outsider” students, with the Language War, as well. was and is. ers are the scapegoats or the outcasts. The The author’s dormies, at the time, reason why Japanese students were in danger was not just protected her from her ignorance of “not because of appearance which is very connected knowing” about the true meaning of the fruit of to the rest of Asia. good and evil but we were protecting each other The so called “look” was neither Caucasian nor African American. At under the solidarity of our campus “holy” the time, Japan and Korea’s economy was in a grounds of academics. full bloom “Bubble” which caused envy and an- time that she was introduced to Billie Holiday’s ger. music and song, “The Strange Fruit”. The author That is why her friend at NYU was a vic- tim of the Language War. As you can imagine, that was the first time, the author realized that riots are like a fire It was that moment in received Effective Citizenship Education within her own dorm. In a way, it may have been a reunion with the author’s own Grandma Eve in 190 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ her DNA. The author’s dormies made sure that she understood the Blues, Spirituals, and Jazz. They awakened her amnesia. from the amnesia, stop repeating history and learn from "her-story". That moment has been vividly engraved in her mind and vision for The Spiritual (10) it has lived somehow within her and revived within the author’s heart to encourage her to write this report. That scene has been engraved Billie Holiday also sang Jazz. One of her famous songs was "Summertime". It was in her mitochondria DNA to the point that she originally a Bahamian spiritual lullaby called feels the soul and the blues. "All My Trials" (Webster, 2015). Many artists In a way, for all of us at the time, we survived the Language War. have covered this song and the oldest one that the author heard was Harry Belafonte's "All My Tri- “Sticks and stones may break my bones but als" in 1959. You can watch it on YouTube. words will never hurt me!” -Nursery Rhyme http://youtu.be/6iLiwycXQoA. (Martin, 2015) We will begin analyzing the song This is great quote that you hear on the play grounds in the United States. mentioned in Professor Lakoff’s book. er, words do cut like a knife. It is also Howev- through the rhyme scheme first. Both of these songs best represent the racial boundaries between those who have experienced violence. Just a few days ago, the of the author got a phone call from an “All My Trials” old friend talking about the news and referring to African American history about how things have Hush little baby, don't you cry (a) changed from the old Jim Crow Days to the Los You know your mama was born to die (a) Angeles Riots to today's 2015 Baltimore Protests. These protests have turned into riots over the murder of Freddie Gray. All my trials, Lord, soon be over (b) The riots took place against the police officers in the United States, again in repetition. The river of Jordan is muddy and cold (c) The author’s old dormies Well it chills the body but not to the soul (c) and her are getting older but we are not growing apart for we saw the same history take place, again. I've got a little book with pages three (d) History has a tendency to repeat itself. And every page spells liberty (d) The author’s old friends are far away in America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the author is here in If living were a thing that money could buy (a) Japan. However, in solidarity of “One for All, All Then the rich would live and the poor would die for One” again, we were “there” watching the (a) same live footage but this time on the internet. Maybe it was the awakening of our mitochondria There grows a tree in Paradise (e) Grandma Eve whispering in our ears to wake up And the pilgrims call it the Tree of Life (e) ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 191 The Jordan River is a symbol of freedom (Belafonte, 2015) in Christianity. The Rhyme scheme is aa b cc dd aa ee. Let's that she is now in the passage of being free from her pains. look at the lyrics again to analyze it. The mother is teaching the child The water is cold and muddy but she has to accomplish her journey. She is go- ing to escape. Hush little baby, don't you cry (a) Well it chills the body but not to the soul (c) The imagery that is used is a mother holding her baby in her hands as if cuddling it gently like a Michelangelo's "Pieta". She assures the baby that the water is The Pieta cold but it doesn't freeze her soul. The mother is is a sculpture of Mother Mary holding Jesus on hinting to wait until the water is not too cold to her lap. make the escape. In the lyrics, the mother is trying to calm the crying baby. It is a hidden code or map that she incognito hides within the song. She is also telling others not to lose hope. When the water warms, that is the time to escape. You know your mama was born to die (a) The mother is trying to reason with the I've got a little book with pages three (d) baby who doesn't have the knowledge to reason. The baby is pure from good and evil. The The mother assures the baby that she has mother is in a difficult position for she must tell a guide book of three pages to guide her. She is the baby that she will die and that the baby too telling others that this song is a code. It is a was born to die as well. map used during the “Underground Railway” to This represents the in- equality of those who can survive but those who free the African Americans from slavery. were born to face prejudice and segregation. And every page spells liberty (d) All my trials, Lord, soon be over (b) The guide book is telling her there is The mother prays and assures the Lord freedom over the river. She is telling others that that all of her challenges and persecution will once they cross over to the Bahamas they will have a quick ending. reach a river that will lead them to a freedom. She is not just telling her child that she has a way out but she is also telling others through this song that freedom is in the hands of time. come to an end. If living were a thing that money could buy (a) The sorrow of the mass will The “trials” represents the hardship that people go through life. She also tells her child that if life could be bought which means that life, of course, cannot be bought. The river of Jordan is muddy and cold (c) Humanity is free. 192 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ Then the rich would live and the poor would die (Grannum, 2011). When the British abolished (a) slavery the Bahamas became a freedom island. The song may have been written as an African She says that if it were true that the rich American "Underground Railroad" coded lyric or would live long then that would mean that the song, with a map, to cross the ocean and escape poor would soon die. If life could be bought to the Bahamas, a free island (The Embassy of then life would have never begun in the first the United States Nassau Bahamas, 2011). place. Thus, this mother was not just talking about She is telling others to hang on and live freedom but connecting lost families in a Tree of to escape. Life (“Spirituals As Coded Communication”, 2014). There grows a tree in Paradise (e) She may have been the voice of Grand- ma Eve reaching out over the boundaries to save The mother tells the child. She can see others. the trees in paradise which means she was successful in her “Exodus” with the child. She is The Jazz (11) also telling others who are the pilgrims to come as well. Let's compare it with the lyrics of "Summertime" written by George Gershwin. And the pilgrims call it the Tree of Life (e) Summertime, (a) She is not just telling her child this but she is telling other people who were listening to the song that once they arrive they will see a big And the livin' is easy (b) Fish are jumpin' (c) And the cotton is high (a) tree that is referred to as the “Tree of Life” that marks the spot of transaction toward freedom. Oh, Your daddy's rich (d) Again, the word “pilgrims” represent “settlers” And your mamma's good lookin (c) but not European but African settlers who had So hush little baby (b) escaped alive. Don't you cry (a) When you understand that this song was One of these mornings (e) written before the research of Mitochondrial Eve You're going to rise up singing (f) was even discovered gives you goose bumps. Then you'll spread your wings (e) A mother is assuring her baby, that everything is And you'll take to the sky (a) going to be alright and that she will be waiting for the child's time on the other side of the river with the tree of life. It was originally a tradi- tional folk song written in the Bahamas. The But until that morning (f) There's a'nothing can harm you (g) With your daddy and mammy standing by (a) Bahamas was also a victim of slavery under British rule until 1834 when they abolished slavery Summertime, (a) ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ with high protein. And the livin' is easy (b) 193 This stanza also represents that the hardship or winter is over and life be- Fish are jumpin' (c) comes easier to live. And the cotton is high (a) And the cotton is high (a) Your daddy's rich (d) And your mamma's good lookin' (c) Cotton is something you may not see that So hush little baby (b) often in Japan. Don't you cry (a) The author had the chance of touching cotton, when she was in Washington (Holiday, Billie. D.C. a long time ago. “Billie Holiday” CD lyric A colleague who was African American was telling her about picking card) cotton when she was a little girl. The Rhyme scheme is abca dcba efea fga The author was surprised because she thought, at the time, abca dc ba. The music was written by George that picking cotton was only in the history books. Gershwin, DuBose Heyward wrote the lyrics The colleague laughed and told the author her based on the epic "All My Trials", and Billie age. Holliday sang it in 1936 (Holiday, Billie. “Bil- think that she was older than her parents, but she The genre was and explained to me that cotton picking continued lie Holiday” CD lyric card). She looked young and the author didn't until the late 60s. is jazz. A few days later, the col- league brought a branch of the cotton plant to the office since she thought that it was important for the author to learn. Summertime, (a) She brought gloves and showed the author how to pick cotton out of the The image is like a Haiku. The author is providing the reader with a season. Summer is the season that everyone can survive. hard thinned shells. She told the author that, both of us have the luxury of gloves but back in the old days, there were no gloves. Picking cotton is literally a dangerous hard labor. Without the gloves the thorny shells would tear your And the livin' is easy (b) hands apart. Summer is the season of ease. In the song, it sings about the cot- No mat- ton plant being high which means that it is time ter where you are in the world, summer is well for it to be harvested to sell for money but it also spent near a window or in a shade just relaxing is a satire for pain in the labor or in child labor. and sweating. The baby may have been a new born. Fish are jumpin' (c) In a river, stream, creek, pond, or ocean there is always fish and no matter how old you get fish are fun to watch and they are delicious Oh, Your daddy's rich (d) The song sings about being rich under the concept of hard working. 194 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ However, until that morning her parents And your mamma's good lookin (c) are going to protect her. The mother is very cute for she refers to herself as beautiful. is a little girl. There's a'nothing can harm you (g) Therefore, maybe the baby The baby’s mommy and daddy are going The mother is telling her daugh- ter that when she grows up she will find a man to protect her. who is rich and hardworking because she will be beautiful like her mother. With your daddy and mammy standing by (a) And the baby’s mommy and daddy will So hush little baby (b) be watching over her. Thus, the mother is calming the baby not to cry. Summertime, (a) And the livin' is easy (b) Fish are jumpin' (c) Don't you cry (a) And the cotton is high (a) The mother is emphasizing about no worries. Therefore the baby doesn't need to cry. Your daddy's rich (d) And your mamma's good lookin' (c) So hush little baby (b) One of these mornings (e) Don't you cry (a) The mother says that someday. The upper stanzas are emphasis of reYou're going to rise up singing (f) minding the baby to keep quiet and that there is nothing to cry about. The baby is going to wake up. The baby will My Trials" and "Summertime" contain controversial issues. sing. In comparison, both "All The original, "All My Trials", was an authentic lullaby of the Bahamas. Then you'll spread your wings (e) Whereas, "Summertime", although a very beautiful song, was an adaptation of the "All My Tri- Then the baby will be free. als" copied into "Summertime" and written by a Caucasian author and not an African American And you'll take to the sky (a) author. The song is also connected to the play "Porgy and Bess". To travel anywhere the baby wants to go. Some African American critics claim that the play was a derogatory racial portrayal of African Americans and their com- But until that morning (f) munity. Harry Belafonte who sang "All My 195 ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ Trials" was not happy at all with the new version much as the pain of the violence is not innate but “Summertime” (Duncan, 1935). taught and learned. However, when you peel away all the taboo and controversial issues away from the song, "Summertime", then we can get a different view. Many artists from a variety of ethnic backgrounds have sung this song. Each one of Conclusion (13) “Wisdom must yield to superstition’s rules, Who arms with bigot zeal the hand of fools.” - Voltaire them has their own style which should be accepted as different flavor of a great cuisine and (Voltaire, Goodreads, July 2, 2015) no matter how the taste changes it is a great song. However the author admits, that she prefers Bil- After the death of Eric Garner on July lie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald singing "Sum- 17, 2014 (Fessenden, 2015) and the 2015 mertime" the best. These two magnificent Charleston Church Massacre (“Dylann Roof…”, muses have the voice and the mood that moves 2015), we still see racial tensions in the United the soul. States. Both of them fought to get generations of Mother Eve’s “voices” out. Eric Garner was detained and held down by patrol officers (Fessenden, 2015). In the process, he choked to death and according to "Three hundred years of humiliation, abuse, and video footage, his last words were "I can't deprivation cannot be expected to find voice in a breathe" (“I can’t breathe…” video, 2014). whisper". horror still continues in 2015. The The death of - Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. (12) Freddie Gray (Karimi, 2015) and the Ferguson (Trustees of Dartmouth College, 2015) shooting (“Feds:..”, 2015) which is another racial controversy that led to riots or the “Language In other words, Reverend Martin Luther War” in the United States in 2015. The police King Jr.’s quote can be interpreted as "How dare choking of Eric Garner triggered the artist, Ri- you tell the people to hush! They experienced hanna, to recently release her new song "Ameri- way too much violence". We discussed the can Oxygen" on YouTube. In the song, Rihan- "foreignness" issue before but to make an even na sings about the hardships of African American clearer view of the concept of “foreignness”, it is History and violence. not just “foreign” but the concept of an “outcast”. the United States, as a melting pot, continues the Therefore, when we discussed about the contro- pursuit of the freedom of happiness under the versial "Summertime", we must also understand Constitution. that racism and prejudice hurts everyone. she is from Barbados which brings out the free- Whether the play "Porgy and Bess" intended to dom of speech in her cynical words of choice. be controversial, the author would say no. She also sings about how However, she is not American but The writers, at the time most likely didn't even think In one phrase of the song "American Oxygen", about hurting someone but they did. Prejudice Rihanna sings: is taught and learned. It is not innate. Just as 196 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ "Young boy, hustling … Tryna get the wheels in history called Globalization. In globalization, we motion … are bombarded with the “Language War” while But he can be anything at all … Every breath I we are also expected to be universally designed breathe ... to overcome our differences, to live with our di- chasin' this American Dream ... American Oxy- versity, and to provide each other the dignity in human rights. gen". We are all equal yet we have not yet reached the dreams of Reverend Martin LuLike we can see in Rihanna’s song, ther King Jr. nor have we answered to our moth- “Young boy, hustling…Tryna get the wheels in er, Grandma Eve's expectations yet. When we motion…But he can be anything at all”, the reach that moment, then that will be the day of phrase can be interpreted as a double entendre. true achievement of global communication with All we can think is the sadness of Eric Garner Effective Global Citizenship Education. We taking his last breath of the "American Dream" would triumph over the Language War. We with the "American Oxygen" for he could be will finally be able to unite with a common un- “anything at all”. It would be very difficult to derstanding and our language wars will come to look into the eyes of the generations of Mito- an end in peace. chondrial Eve and to explain what happened to Just like Professor Lakoff, we are all po- her generation of offspring in history. There is tential Mitochondrial Eves waiting in the "pa- no such thing as the "American Oxygen". tience of evolution" like any mother for us to all breathe oxygen that belongs to humanity. We It answer to her dreams of hope. Our chromo- belongs to all of us equally as a "world dream" somes and DNA are still under experiment like for it is the “World Oxygen” of freedom and “All My Trials”. equality. with trial, empathy, and not to apathetically ig- It is the same oxygen in Barbados and all over the world including Okinawa and Japan. Why is it important to study African American Spirituals, Jazz, and Blues? simple. We just have to find a way nore our mistakes but to admit it, move on in anticipation, with better outcomes and results. Well, it's Through reading Professor Lakoff’s “At sixteen, you still think you can escape from book “The Language War” we not only learn your father. about history but we can learn to reflect upon our speaking through your mouth, you don’t see how daily lives. your gestures already mirror his; you don’t see life. We have all become victims within We are victimized just watching the news to see pain. However, it is a nice feeling to know we are not alone and like Professor Lakoff him in the way you hold your body, in the way you sign your name. You don’t hear his whis- per in your blood.” - Salmon Rushdie points out to the reader that somethings are linguistically worth fighting for. You aren’t listening to his voice To study it is (Salmon Rushdie, Goodreads, 2015) Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education in itself. Notes These are the codes and the language of the soul that we all have within our hearts. We are going through a transitional moment in (1) The author, Hirona Matayoshi ᧤♗⚘ㆧ挲᧥, has previously done research on testimonies of violence including African American Blues, Jazz, ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ Spirituals, and violence that happened during the Battle of Okinawa, Japan. The author has done extensive research on historical voices, resources, databases of witnesses, and victims of the past not just American minorities but also minorities in Japan. The author also researched about Billie Holiday including old and recent civil rights movements in the United States and Japan. The author compiled and published all of the research above in the Osaka University Graduate School named “Kotoba to Hanpuku 4” in 2008. The title of the article is “Societal Bilingualism: The Power of Language in Repetition” pp. 11-23.. (2) Based upon an original overall summary of Professor’s Lakoff’s book. Lakoff, Robin Tolmach (2000) . “The Language War”. University of California Press Ltd.: 2000. (3) Based upon an original summary of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Language –The Power We Love To Hate” pp. 17-20. (4) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapters “Apologies As Language Politics” and “The Unapology”. pp. 23-41. Basically, the whole concept of what we would call amnesia comes from the neglect from feeling guilty so instead of apologizing for that specific guilt, people have a tendency to conveniently forget the guilt altogether instead. (5) Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza is one of the most famous validated geneticist who researches about mitochondrial genomes. In Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Numerous Validated Scholarly Studies” pp. 232-235, she refers to DNA and how society depends upon DNA behaviors labeling individuals with sometimes bias views rather than understanding the inner beauty. (6) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Here She is …Myth America” pp. 186-187. In addition, this section is an original interpretation of Chapter “Introduction – What I Am Doing Here, And How Am I Doing It” pp. xi -9. Professor Lakoff discusses about the Civil Rights Movement in the 60s and how analysis of language is not necessarily scientific but discovering the controversy and using the 197 forensic mind to dispute issues with argumentation. (7) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Identity Crisis” pp. 32-41. Professor Lakoff discusses about how words are painful and that these words have begun from the beginning of time such as the testimonies from the Old Testament. However, there will always be a time when a person can take just so much until they break and fight back. That is the civil rights movement. That is the epitome of the meaning of expressing the blues. (8) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “The Neutrality Of The Status Quo” pp. 42-47, she talks about labeling and marking and coined the term “markedness” to represent the markedness of a role. Billie Holiday was that role-model like mitochondria “Eve”, “Grandma”, and women all over the world such as Billie Holiday during the civil rights movement of the 60s. (9) The author, Hirona Matayoshi, has previously done research on testimonies of violence including African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals and violence that happened during the Battle of Okinawa, Japan. The author has done extensive research on historical voices, resources, databases of witnesses, and victims of the past not just American minorities but also minorities in Japan. The author also researched about Billie Holiday including old and recent civil rights movements in the United States and Japan. The author compiled and published all of the research above in the Osaka University Graduate School Journal named “Kotoba to Hanpuku 4” in 2008. The title of the article is “Societal Bilingualism: The Power of Language in Repetition” (pp. 11-23.) (10) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “The Uncommonness of Commonness” pp. 48-56. Professor Lakoff discusses about those who are not recognized and how it can bring forth outrage. (11) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Enough Blame To Go Around” pp. 238-247. Professor Lakoff men- 198 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ tions the labeling of blaming minorities and how linguistically the African Americans fought back through Ebonics with the power of sound with Spirituals, Gospel, blues, and Jazz. (12) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “ Apologies and Language Politics” pp. 23-29. Professor Lakoff discusses about Reverend Martin Luther King and how he fought just like other “markedness” or role models who may have been chosen to lead others toward a “Summertime”. (13) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “We Are The World” pp. 56-62. 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The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 108, No. 427 (Winter, 1995), 54-57. Standford University. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/MayorSmallpox.pdf #search='Columbus+diseased+blankets' Moore, Edwin (2010). ಯStrange Fruit is still a song for todayರ. The Guardian. September 18, 2010. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifameric a/2010/sep/18/strange-fruit-song-today Powledge, Tabitha & Mark Rose (1996). ಯArchaeology ದ A publication of the Archaeological Institute of Americaರ. Volume 49 Number 5, September/October 1996. Retrieved: July 23, 2015. http://archive.archaeology.org/9609/abstracts/dna.htm l Lakoff, Robin Tolmach (2000) . ಯThe Language Warರ. University of California Press Ltd.: 2000. Rushdie, Salman (2015). Goodreads Inc. Retrieved: July 1, 2015) http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/genetics Sandoval, Edger and Eli Rosenberg (2015). ಯMan who inspired Dylann Roofಬs hateful radicalization said blacks taken into slave ಫhit the slave lottery,ಬ but condemns Charleston shootingರ. New York Daily News. June 21, 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/man-radi calized-dylan-roof-blacks-privileged-article-1.2266040 Sforza, Luigi Luca Cavalli (2015). Goodreads Inc. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.goodreads.com/search?q=Luigi+Luca+Ca valli-Sforza&search%5Bsource%5D=goodreads&search _type=quotes&tab=quotes ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ Sforza, Luigi Luca Cavalli (1995). ಯThe Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity And Evolution (Helix Booksರ. Milano: Perseus Books Publishing 1995. Retrieved: July 23, 2015. http://www.amazon.co.jp/Great-Human-Diasporas-Di versity-Evolution/dp/0201442310/ref=sr_1_1?s=english-bo oks&ie=UTF8&qid=1437633379&sr=1-1&keywords =Luigi+Luca+Cavalli-Sforza ಯSpirituals As Coded Communicationರ (2014). Sweet Chariot: The Story of The Spirituals. The Spirituals Project at the University of Denver. Office of Teaching & Learning. 2014. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.spiritualsproject.org/sweetchariot/Freedo m/coded.php The Embassy of the United States Nassau ዘBahamas. ಯRemarks ದ Bahamas In Atlanta Eventರ (2011). April 28, 2011. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://nassau.usembassy.gov/bahamasinatl.html ಯThe End of Apartheidರ (2009). The United States Department of State Archive. January 20, 2009. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/pcw/98678.ht m ಯThe Seven Deadly Sinsರ (2001). The University of Leicester, 2001. Retrieved: July 23, 2015. http://www.le.ac.uk/arthistory/seedcorn/faq-sds.html ಯThe Story of ಹ Smallpox - and other Deadly Eurasian Germsರ (2005). Public Broadcast System Organization. 2005. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpo x.html Trustees of Dartmouth College (2015). ಯMartin Luther King Jr. Celebrationರ. Dartmouth College, 2015. Retrieved: July 23, 2015. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~mlk/about/ Toto (2015). ಯStranger In Townರ. Azlyrics.com. Retrieved: August 6, 2015. http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/toto/strangerintown.ht ml 201 Toto (2015). ಯStranger In Townರ. YouTube. Retrieved: August 6, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSeldKAqM-w Voltaire (2015). Goodreads Inc. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.goodreads.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%9 3&q=diversity&search_type=quotes Voltaire (2015). Goodreads Inc. 2015. Retrieved: July 2, 2015. http://www.goodreads.com/search?page=4&q=bigot& search_type=quotes&tab=quotes&utf8=%E2%9C%93 Webster, Peter (2015). ಯThe Acoustic Music Archive ದ Learn to play folk songs on your guitar through chords, lyrics, and recordings ದ All My Trials ದ Chords, Lyrics and Originsರ. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. https://www.acousticmusicarchive.com/all-my-trials-c hords-lyrics 203 ‾⁓⁙⁗≒‹⁚⁝≝※⁗⁓⁛⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓⁙⁗‒⁛⁚‒⁅⁕⁚‒⁇⁛⁗⁛‒ ↝˂ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ International Exchange with Soochow University ‒ Elizabeth J. Lange 1 Victor Gorshkov 2 A picture tells a thousand words – an international letter exchange project makes a thousand friends. At an international festival at a university representing the history of Japan and painted by campus in Japan, a visitor was greeted like a queen such famous ukiyoe artists as Utagawa Hiroshige, by a Chinese student dressed in a luxurious and Kawase Hasui and Torii Kiyonaga), we designed a ornate robe with long dangling sleeves. The friendship poster with a large dominant bridge exaggerated flowing gestures in arm and body spanning across the two halves (see Pictures 1 & movements resembled that of a lion dance to 2). welcome guests to the Chinese pavilion. The warm spirit of this exquisite greeting touched the heart of the visitor and it became one of those unforgettable Picture 1 – Bridge poster in a gesture of goodwill and desire for long-term friendship between the two universities moments that could not be erased from memory. It was in the same vein that we wanted to greet our guests from Soochow University, China here at Kaichi International University. It was about the same time a year earlier that we greeted a group of students from the same university (refer to Gorshkov & Lange, 2015). At that time, with the backdrop of our university’s previous name being Nihonbashi Photographed by Elizabeth Lange Gakkan University and its connection to the famous historical Japanese Nihonbashi Bridge in the middle of Tokyo (depicted in many post cards In a gesture of goodwill and desire for long-term friendship and just like two friends wearing one piece each of a single pair of earrings, we made this bridge poster and put corresponding logos and ‒ ‒ 2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ ᕽ߸↝↗ܖٻᨥʩ්↚᧙ↈ↺إԓ *1 ∏∙⇔ ⇎∐⇜⇿⇟, J. ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᢿ *2 ⇚∑⇝⇙⇻‒ ⇹⇕⇮∑ ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᢿ‒ messages on the different halves respectively, drawing pictures and decorating them with stickers on our half of the poster for them before they arrived; and, during the event, they did the same on 204 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ their half for us. Later, when formal speeches were Chinese which originally inspired this festival in given, the poster was ceremoniously cut in half – different countries in Asia) celebrated yearly their half for us and our half for them – with the when two stars in the sky, represented in a legend bridge of friendship on both halves, symbolizing a as lovers, can meet and people celebrate by long-lasting writing their wishes on colorful strips of paper friendship between the two and decorate bamboo branches with them1. universities. Picture 2 – Chinese students decorating their part of the poster (21 July 2014) With the courtesy of the Jackel and Co (nicknames for our most valuable grounds-and-events helpers on campus), two huge bamboo branches from the nearby bamboo forest on the university grounds were brought in to decorate the back of the hall where we would meet. On strips of colored paper, we put our tanabata wishes up in advance – wishes, hopes and dreams from the gatekeeper, librarians, office staff, and teachers and students (see Picture 5). Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi Apart from that, during their short 2014 visit, the Picture 4 – Trying on yukatas special lecture hall where we gathered became a hive of Japanese-culture-related activities – calligraphy (see Picture 3), origami, trying on yukatas for a photo op (Picture 4) and writing of some messages on paper with an image of the Nihonbashi Bridge on top. Thus, the friendship between the two schools was established. Picture 3 – Calligraphy experience for Soochow University students (21 July 2014) Photographed by Elizabeth Lange Other than the tanabata-related activities, what was new was that many of our students had prepared friendship letters – all ready in special envelopes to dear friend from Soochow University. Kaichi students were provided with a template to prepare their letters but many of them preferred to arrange their original pieces of writing. They Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi mostly introduced themselves, wrote a few words about their hometowns, hobbies, local food and This year their visit fell at the timely time of the Tanabata Star Festival (or Qixi Festival in traditions popular in their culture. Many of the students colored their letters with pictures and 205 ‾⁓⁙⁗≒‹⁚⁝≝※⁗⁓⁛⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓ ⁓⁙⁗‒⁛⁚‒⁅⁕⁚ ⁚‒⁇⁛⁗⁛ ‒ added oriiginal drawinngs and deliightful differrent nt so much time t in prepparing the ro oom and spen kinds of oorigami speciially prepared for their ddear activ vities for theeir visit. Unffortunately, however, h Soochow we many y Kaichi students were nnot able to attend the collected a sufficient number of letters, mosstly even nt in person du ue to prior coommitments or o a class written byy our first-yyear studentss, to match the overrlap. Also, th he arrival of our Soochow w guests number off Chinese visiitors. was a bit delaayed due too traffic an nd other University friends. Altogether A Picture 5 – Tanabata wishes (17 Ju uly 2015) oreseen circum mstances. W With everythin ng ready, unfo the bus b finally arrived a and th the guests (so omewhat tired d as it was latter in the afte ternoon than expected and they had com me after a ful ull-day of sigh htseeing) wentt immediately to have luunch in the cafeteria afterr jumping offf the bus. T Their Kaichi schedule was quickly revised r andd Kaichi teachers, mmittee memb bers and Interrnational Excchange Com P Photographedd by Elizabeth Lange studeents eagerly awaited theirr arrival in th he events room m. One stu udent who had perhap ps never It was planned thaat the Sooch how Universsity would rotate from f table to o table doing the students w various acctivities to coomplete in turn – writing the tanabata w wishes and placing p them on the bambboo branches, watching thee youtube vid deo on tanabaata, dressing uup in yukata,, doing origaami, and writting expeerienced such h an event beffore began to jump up and down d all exciited. Wh hen they finallly arrived in the events ro oom after theirr late lunch, th here was a shhort awkward d moment when n they all lineed up on one side of the ro oom with us on n the other. But B the ice w was soon brok ken when they were invited d to sit at diffferent tables and a then, letters. w Presidennt Hideko Kitagaki’s K in conjunction with Picture 6 – Envelopees used for the internatioonal letter exchhange welccome speech in English, were asked to stand one by one and say s their nam me and majorr and any mselves. It was w very otherr short details about them interresting to leearn about tthe various different courrses they weree studying. A After that, when it was anno ounced that our studdents had prepared frien ndship letterss for them, tthere were automatic a rebounding soun nds of gleee, followed by an osphere of ex xcitement whhen they weree offered atmo the opportunity o to t respond. T The next min nute, the studeents all simu ultaneously juumped up, grabbed g a letterr and a sheet of paper to rreply on and set about Photographedd by Victor Go orshkov reading and respo onding to thee letters – all absorbed y completelyy usurped ourr idea of (Pictture 7). They It was im mpressive thaat some Kaicchi students hhad plann ned and ordeerly rotation oof events – with w their 206 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ good wisdom yet to our delight. what surpassed all beginnings was the returning of the letters from the Soochow students and teachers! Picture 7 – Soochow students writing replies Hands were outstretched as they were passed one by one to their respective recipients each in a special return envelope. The Kaichi students carefully took them out, and unfolded what might have been their first such letter from someone of another nationality and in a foreign language. Most had been written in English, and a few were a mixture of languages – English, Japanese, and Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi Chinese, if not all in Chinese characters – much to the delight of the Chinese students studying at We had to rush around distributing more pens and paper to the various tables. Soon the room was Kaichi but who suddenly had the task of conveying the messages of the letters and poems alike. alive with enthusiasm and involvement – with the various cultural activities and English letter writing. Picture 8 – Some letters from Soochow students In a very short time, our letterbox was filled with friendship letters – one from each of the students, assistants and teachers from Soochow University. With great anticipation, we had a quick look at them before passing them onto our students – each in a special envelope. The letters included thanks to the President for her welcome speech; reflections on their impressions of Japan such the friendliness and helpfulness of local people, delicious local Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi food, the convenience of the transportation system, and the shockingly clean city environment (e.g. “… Soon students huddled around in groups picking it was so clean and I even don’t have to clean my up the various copies of all the friendship letters shoes”); drawings of various sorts especially made available for sharing and there was no anime; responses of delight to the letter contents distracting them as they were engrossed with from our students including the little gifts they had exchange of banter full of intriguing observations enclosed such as the origami and manga drawings; and questions about their contents. Right on task, replies to questions; and various electronic however, one student slipped out his smart phone platforms to continue future correspondence and and began typing in the long reply address that his friendship. A lot of Soochow students wrote about friendship letter counterpart had supplied him with Japanese anime sharing their favorite anime but was disconcerted when with several attempts it characters and asking related questions to Kaichi was returned as a non-address!! Trying to hide his students. disappointment he was rescued when a classmate In fact, with the start of the new fall semester, from China kindly pointed out that he had mistaken ‾⁓⁙⁗≒‹⁚⁝≝※⁗⁓⁛⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓⁙⁗‒⁛⁚‒⁅⁕⁚‒⁇⁛⁗⁛‒ 207 the handwritten qq for 99 and, with a new attempt, exchanges, this time between Japan and China (the was satisfied after checking several times that first set being between Australia and Japan, the finally the message to connect with his new friend second between Japan and Laos – after his in China must have gotten through! spontaneous and heartfelt letter “To my dear As an overall impression, the students were very enthusiastic about taking part in this letter writing Japanese friends” (see Lange, 2011 for further details). project and appeared to enjoy the opportunity to express themselves in this real need for language exchange for friendship and learning about another culture through English. It certainly provided a framework for active, interactive and cross-cultural 㸯 For details, please refer to The Weaver Girl and the Cowherd piece of artwork in the Long Corridor of the Summer Palace in Beijing depicting this meeting when magpies so lovingly spanned their wings together to form a bridge across a river so the lovers could meet. language learning as an example of integrative motivation under the umbrella setting of the Soochow University visit (see Gorshkov & Lange, Notes 1. 2015). As a Soochow University student aptly wrote in his letter, “…Today, we come here – your university, to become a bridge between China and 2. Japan. I hope to be friends with you and learn about each other more these days.” 3. 4. Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere gratitude to the The first International Exchange Program between Kaichi International University, Japan (former Nihonbashi Gakkan University) and Soochow University, China was organized on 21 July 2014 following the signing of the official exchange agreement between the two universities. (For more details on this program, please refer to Gorshkov & Lange, 2015.) The second International Exchange Program between Kaichi International University (Japan) and Soochow University (China) was organized on 17 July 2015. More photos of the two exchange program events can be found by visiting Kaichi International University’s official homepage and Facebook account. This paper is prepared within the framework of the 2015 Kaichi International University Research Budget Funding “Activating Students’ English Skills through International Letter Exchange Writing.” university staff members, International Exchange Committee members and all those people involved who helped with the organization of these International Exchange Programs. Our special thanks go to Ms. Ayumi Takahashi who kindly provided some pictures for our publication. We also thank Ms. Hong Zi, coordinator for Student Training and Student Exchange, Undergraduate Academic Affairs Office, Soochow University, for her assistance and help in getting permission to apply photos and letters for the purposes of this publication. The authors also wish to thank an Australian student at the Maisie Kaufmann Learning Centre in Maryborough, Queensland, Australia for inspiring yet another set of international dear friend letter References 1. Gorshkov, V., & Lange, E. (2015). Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international understanding. Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin, 14, 107-119. 2. Lange, E. (2011). Process writing as applied to international letter exchanges through Teachers Helping Teachers (THT). Teachers Helping Teachers: The Proceedings of 2011 Conferences, Seminars and Workshops.75-91. Kobe, THT. ISBN 4-931-42432-5 C3482 http://tht-japan.org/publications/2010/075_091_lange. pdf 209 ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ ↝˂ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ‒ ‒ ⃬ᄂᆮᏋᎍ↝ᙻໜⅺ↸үೞሥྸ↝࣏ᙲࣱ⇁ᚫⅷ↺⃬‒ ߷‒ ̲ԍ≍‣‒ ମʻ≏≬≦≷↝ᡶഩ↗୍ӏ↞ႎ↖ⅱ↹≏ܖᘐЈ༿↝Ў↖↱↻↞̊↙↞↖ٳⅳⅻ≏Мࣱ̝ ↝ऍऔ↚ⅱ↉ⅺ↺ɟ૾≏ɧࣛ↙˳᬴⇁ↆᎍ↱↙ݲⅾ↙ⅳ↞↉↖ⅱ↺⅛ஜᆜ↞≏૨ᇘఄദ⇪∞∑ ↝ฆʏ↳ช˄⇻⇇⇊∑↚↷↺Ҿᆜ↝ᛚᡛ≏⇷⇟∕∞⇯ೞᏡ˄ⅼ≸≶≥∇∈∐↝ɧφӳ↚᧙ↆ≏ᅶ ⅻᄂᆮᏋᎍ↗ↆ↕ኺ᬴ↆڂʙ̊⇁↭↗↰↱↝↖ⅱ↺⅛≬≦≷↝ᡶഩ↚ܖↆࣖݣᘐЈ༿ ↝ڂ≏↞↚↰↝ͳૢؾⅺ↸࣏↥ܖᙲⅻⅱ↺↗ᎋⅷ↺ⅺ↸↖ⅱ↺⅛‒ äääääääääääääääääääää ⇓∞∕∞⇯ ääääääääääääääääääää ܖᘐЈ༿‒ ૨ᇘఄദ⇪∞∑‒ ⇭∞⇥ᛚᡛ‒ ⇷⇟∕∞⇯ೞᏡ˄ ⁇⁅‴ ∇∈∐‒ ⇭∞⇥↝үೞሥྸ‒ 㸯.ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ ࡑࢀࡇࡑ㹇㹁㹒(Information and Communication Technology)ࡢ౽ᛶࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤᯛᣲ “◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢே⏕࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㛗ࡃྥ 㐦ࡀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ⚾⮬㌟㸪ᩥ⊩ࡢ㟁Ꮚཬ ࡁྜ࠺ࡶࡢࡣఱ”࠸࠺῝㐲࡞ၥ࠸ᑐࡋ㸪 ࡧබ㛤ᴗࡢᜠᜨᾎࡋ㸪㈗㔜࡞ྐᩱࢆ⮬Ꮿࡢࣃ ࡢᡃࠎࡀ㩳⭺↓ࡃ⟅࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ“ࣃ ࢯࢥ࡛ࣥ㜀ぴࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㸪 ࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃”ࡣ᭱᭷ຊࡢೃ⿵࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋㄽᩥࡸ ࡘ࡚ࡢ◊✲⎔ቃẚࡍࡿክࡢࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡋ ᩍᮦ㸪ᥦฟ᭩㢮➼ࡢᩥ᭩సᡂࡲࡽࡎ㸪ㄪᰝ ࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ(1)ࠋࡋࡶ㸪ࡑࡢㄽᩥࡶ CiNii ➼࡛ ㏻ಙ㸪Ẽศ㌿➼ࠎ㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖබ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀ ࢺࡀ◊✲ᩍ⫱άືࡢ౽ᛶࢆ㣕㌍ⓗ㧗ࡵ࡚ࡃ ࢆぢࡓㄞ⪅ࡀឤࢆࣈࣟࢢᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠺వᆅࡢ↓࠸ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡸ ࠸࠺㸪ᐇᎰࡋ࠸⤒㦂ࡶࡉࡏ࡚㡬࠸ࡓ(2)ࠋ⚾ࡀึ ᡃࠎࡣ㸪᪑ࡢ✵ࡽ࡛ࡶࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡉ࠼ࡘ ࡵ࡚ㄽᩥࢆබหࡋࡓ 12 ᖺ๓ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛ࣃࢯ ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥࡢᛂᑐࡶ㸪Ꮫࡢ ࢥࣥࡶ࡞ࡾᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶཎ✏ࡢᥦ ົᒁࡸฟ∧♫ࡢᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡶྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓ ฟ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁࢹ࣮ࢱࡢグ㘓፹య࡛࠶ࡿࣇ ࡋ㸪㹍㹎㸿㹁㸦Online Public Access Catalog㸧 ࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡࡣῧ࠼ࡶࡢ㐣ࡂࡎ㸪⣬༳ๅ ࡢᬑཬࡼࡾ㸪ᅗ᭩㤋฿╔ࡍࡿࡸክ୰࡛ᩥ⊩࢝ ࡋࡓཎ✏ࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(3)ࠋ ࣮ࢻࢆࡵࡃࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚༳ๅ⣬ࣇࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡ᪉ࡢ 2015 ࠰ 9 உ 21 ଐӖྸ Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with computerization of the working process in scholarly publication. *1 Shugo Takigawa ᨥܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᢿ ᥦฟࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪ᙜᝨࡍࡿᣦᑟᩍᤵ ࡢ௦ࢃࡾᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ㸪ᗘࠎ㸪⳹ ࣛࣥࢳࢆᚚ㥅㉮࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡶ㸪࡛ࡣࡋ࠸ ࠸ฟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 210 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡶࡃࡶࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ࡛㸪ㄪᰝ㸪ᇳ➹ ⯡ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻㡯┠ࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ ࡽ༳ๅ㸪ห⾜㸪㈍࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢฟ ♧ࡍࡇࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᐇ㝿୍ᐃࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸ ∧ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗ࠾࠸࡚㸪㟁Ꮚࡣࡵࡲࡄࡿ ࡞ࡀࡽࡶⓎ⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆ㸪ಶูලయⓗ⤂ࡍࡿ ࡋ࠸ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛㐍⾜࣭ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㹇㹁㹒ࡢ ⤒㦂ㄽࡇࡑ᭷⏝ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋ ౽ᛶࡣேࡢㄆࡵࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇ⚾ ࡑࡇ࡛ᅇࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ ࡶࡇࢀ⮬యࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ฟ 㸪ḟ࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓཎ✏ ∧≀ࡀᇳ➹⪅⦅㞟⪅㸪」ᩘேࡢඹྠసᴗ࡛ࡘࡃ ࡢࡸࡾࡾ㛵ࡍࡿ㸪᭱ᚋࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ ࡽࢀࡿᐟ࠶ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ࡑࡇࡣ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢ㛵ಀ ࡁ㹓㹑㹀࣓ࣔࣜ㛵ࡍࡿࡘࡁ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ ⪅ࡀ㆙ᡄࡍࡁ㸪ᜍࡿࡁ㝗✶ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠸ ࡢ⚾ࡢኻᩋㄯࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྥᚋࡉࡽ࡞ ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡿ㐍ᒎࡀணࡉࢀࡿ㹇㹁㹒౫ᣐࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ∧ 㹇㹁㹒ࢆ㥑ࡋࡓฟ∧㐣⛬࡛ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡀ ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᡃࠎồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ 」ᩘࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝࠸㸪୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡸࡾ ࡿࡶࡢࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡇࡋ ࡾࡋ࡚㸪᭱⤊ⓗ༳ๅ࣭ห⾜₈ࡂ╔ࡅࡿࡇ ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡿࠋ௬㸪ᙜ⪅ࡀྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ ᣢࡕ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ືస⎔ቃࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡉࡋࡓࡿၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡶ 㸰㸬ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡼࡿΰ ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪⌧ᐇࡣࡇࢀࡽࡀᥞ࠸㸪༊ࠎ ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࡀពᅗ ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡇࡢࡇࡀ࠶ࡲࡾព㆑ࡉ ࡏࡎࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓㄗኚࡸㄗᏐ㸪ᩥἲୖࡢ࣑ࢫ ࢀࡎㅖసᴗࡣῐࠎ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࠸ ࢆࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡀᣦࡋ㸪㐺ṇࡍࡃᑟ࠸࡚ࡃ ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪୍᪉࡛㹇㹒⩦⇍ࡋࡓ⪅ࡽࡍࢀ ࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࣮࣡ࣉࣟ ࡤᖖ㆑ⓗ࡞ࡶ㸪᪉࡛័ࢀ࡞⪅ࡽࡍࢀࡤ ࢯࣇࢺࡢᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡸ㸪㹕 ᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇᛮࢃࡠ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ 㹃㹀ୖ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ(4)ࠋ ࡿࠋ㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ⚾ࡣ㸪㹇㹁㹒ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡀ ᡃࠎࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞ලయࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ Micro ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ័ࢀ࡞ഃࡢ୍◊✲ -soft Office ࡢࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣌ࣝ ᩍ⫱⪅ࡔࡽࡇࡑ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ᥦゝࡍࡁ ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡᩥ❶ᰯṇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺(5)ࠋ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣே㛫ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺సᴗࡘࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡑࡢ㝿㸪ࡲࡎࡶࡗ࡚㉳ࡉࢀࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ᪉ἲ ࡿㄗ᳜ࡢ㢮ࢆ㸪ᶵᲔ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢṇ☜↓ẚࡉࡼࡗ ࡣࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡞ࡼࡿィ㔞ⓗ࣭⤫ィⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡛ ࡚ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆྰᐃ ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇࡣᛮࢃࡠⴠࡋ✰ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣᩘከࡢඹ㏻㡯ࢆタᐃ ࡲࡎࡣ㸪⚾ࡀయ㦂ࡋࡓᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡲࡘࢃࡿ ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠ␗ࡣྠࡉࢀ㸪ಶูࡢ㎸ࡳධࡗ ࡘࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡓࡣឡࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢⅬ㸪ᮏ✏ ᭱ึࡢࡣ㸪࠾࠾ࡼࡑ㸶ᖺ๓ඹⴭ࡛᭩⡠ࢆ ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤ⤒㦂ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ㸪ヲ⣽ ᇳ➹ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢฟ᮶࡛㸪ලయⓗࡣ⛅ᒣᏹ┘ಟ ࡘලయⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㠃㸪୍⯡ᛶࡸᐈほᛶஈࡋ࠸ ࠗᑠἨሙ༓⛅ᴦ㸫Ⓨゝຊ㸲㸫࠘ 㸦୕᭩⡠㸪2008 ࡢᢈุࢆචࢀ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋ㸪㹇㹁㹒 ᖺ㸰᭶㸧ࡢห⾜࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྠ᭩ࡣ㸪 㛵ࡍࡿ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ▱㆑༴ᶵព㆑࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ ၥ㢟ࢆ❶❧࡚ࡋ࡚ಶูྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡸ⤒ ࢀࡤ㸪ᐇ㸪ࡍ࡛༙ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ ⦋➼ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࢆࡋࡓᚋ㸪ࡇࢀ㛵ࡍࡿᨻᐙ ࡿ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㉳ࡁ࡚ ࡢࠕⓎゝࠖࢆ᪂⪺➼ࡽ」ᩘᘬ⏝ࡋ㸪ၥ㢟 ࡋࡲ࠺ၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ༴ᶵព㆑ࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡣ㸪୍ ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸᙜࡢ♫≧ἣ➼ࢆࡩࡲ࠼࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ 211 ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ ࢫࢱࣝࢆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ྠ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ ࡼ࠺࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪㸱ᖺ๓ ࠕ33 ᮅ㩭ၥ㢟㸦pp204-216㸧ࠖࢆᢸᙜࡋ㸪ᙜ 㸪ࡸࡣࡾᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡀཎᅉ࠾ࡰࡋࡁ㸪 㸪ୡ㛫ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ᭱㧗₻ࡓࡲࡾ㸪ෆᨻࡲ࡛ ྍゎ࡞⌧㇟㐼㐝ࡋࡓࠋḟ࡞ࡿࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ㔜せ ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡡ࡞࠸እၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡞ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ୰㉳ࡇࡗࡓࢺࣛࣈ࡛ࣝ㸪ᚋ ࡓᮅ㩭ࡼࡿᢼ⮴⿕ᐖࡸ㸪᰾ཬࡧ࣑ࢧࣝ㛤Ⓨ ᪥㸪㐣ཤၥ㞟࠸࠺ᙧ࡛බหࡉࢀࡿᩥ᭩ࡣ㐪࠸ ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓ(6)ࠋ ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪㏻ᖖࡢฟ∧㐣⛬࡛ࡢฟ᮶࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ ࡑࡢ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪⚾ࡀᥦ ௳㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆక࠺ࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡾ ฟཎ✏࠾࠸࡚ㄞⅬ࡛⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⟠ᡤࡢ୍㒊 ࡢࡲࡲࡢヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂ࡏ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛⏕ ࡀ㸪࡞ࡐึᰯ࡛ࡣྃⅬᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸪 ࡌࡓࡘࡢ⌧㇟ࡘࡁ㸪ᕪࡋ㞀ࡾࡢ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛⤂ ྠࡌࡃ₎Ꮠ⾲グࡀᖹ௬ྡኚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸦࠶ ࢆࡋࡓ࠸(7)ࠋ ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ㏫ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠸ࡗࡓ㢮࠸ࡢࡶ ࡲࡎ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪㑅ᢥၥ㢟࠾ࡅࡿㄒ⩌ࡢ୍㒊 ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋືࡶࡍࡿல⣽࡞ၥ㢟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ ࡀ㸪సၥ⪅ࡀ⏝ពࡋࡓ༢ㄒࡢྠ⩏ㄒᡭ⨨ࡁ ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᩥ୰ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡣ㸪᪂⪺グࡽ ࢃࡿ࠸࠺㦫ࡃࡁ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᥦฟ ࡢࠕᘬ⏝ࠖ࠶ࡓࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡓ࠼Ꮠྃࢆᕪࡋ᭰࠼ ཎ✏࡛ࡣ“primus inter pares”ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ ࡓ᪉ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 ࡀ㸪ึᰯ࡛ࡣ“prime minister”⨨ࡁࢃࡗ࡚࠸ ᡭࡇࢀࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠼ࡤࠕᨵ❠ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ ࡓ࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ㸪࠶ࡿタၥࡢ ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣఱேࡢඹⴭ⪅┦ ᩥ❶ࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᅗࡏࡎྠࡌฟ㢟ᙧᘧࢆࡿูࡢ ㄯࡋ㸪ྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ タၥࡢᩥ❶㸪ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡿ࠸ ࡛ฟ∧♫ࢆၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡳࡓࠋᬻࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ ேࡢ⦅㞟ᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ㸪ᑓ㛛᭩࡞ࡽࡠ୍⯡᭩࡞ࡽࡤၥ ࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᥦฟཎ✏࡛ࡣ“…᭱ࡶ㐺 㸬㸬 ษ࡞ไᗘࢆ࠼ࡽࡧ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ”ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓၥ㢟ᩥࡀ㸪 㸬㸬 ึᰯ࡛ࡣ࡛㢖⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ“…᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢ 㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛㸪ࡴࡋࢁⰋࢀᛮ ࢆ࠼ࡽࡧ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ”࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᩥ⨨ࡁࢃࡗ࡚ ࠸㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆ⏝ࡋ ࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ༳ๅ⣬ཬࡧᥦฟࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≧ἣࡽᮏ௳ࢆ ࡇࢀࡀ⚾ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝ㐼㐝 ᳨ドࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪」ᩘࡢጤဨ ࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛㸪ᙜࡣࡲࡔᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ ࡛సᡂࡋࡓヨ㦂ၥ㢟⤫୍ឤࢆࡶࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ ࡢᶵ⬟ࡇࢁ㸪Ꮡᅾࡍࡽ▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡲ ㈐௵⪅ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓసᴗࡢ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࡗࡓࡃࡶࡗ࡚⌮ゎ⬟࡞ႚ㦫ࡍࡁฟ᮶ឤ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋฟ㢟ጤဨࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜㈐ࢆᢸ࠺㈐௵⪅ ࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᡭᇳ➹⪅ࡢពᅗࡋ࡞࠸ ࡀ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ᨾពΰࢆᣍࡃࡼ࠺࡞ᨵ⦅ࢆࡋ࡚⮬ ᩥ❶⾲⌧ኚ᭦ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࡽ✰ࢆ᥀ࡿࢃࡅࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡃ㌟ぬ࠼ࡀ࡞࠸ᵝ ࡇࢀࡽࡣㄗ᳜➼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ึᰯ༢య࠶ࡽ Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺෆⶶࡉࢀ ࡉࡲ࡞㐪ឤࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⮬↛ㄞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ ࡚࠸ࡿ༢ㄒࡢ⨨ᶵ⬟࠶ࡓࡾཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࡣⴭస⪅ᮏே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᰯṇ࡛ཎ✏ ࡣ࡞࠸᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏬୍ ึᰯࡢ↷ྜࢆ⢭ᐦ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪Ⓨぬ ᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿసᴗ⏝࠸ࡿࡣ᭱㐺࡞ᶵ⬟࡛ ࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࠸࠺Ⅼ㸪࠼ࡶ࠸ࢃࢀࡠẼ ࠶ࡗࡓ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᅇࡣ࠶ࡿࡼ ࡉࢆឤࡌࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ௳ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡾ㸪୍ࡘ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣṇゎࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ࡞࠸タၥ㸪 ฟ∧♫ഃࡀ㎿㏿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡓ ࡘ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゎ⟅⪅ΰࢆᣍࡁࡡ࡞࠸ ࡵ㸪࡞ࡁࢆᚓࡓࠋ ⮬↛࡞タၥ㸪༴࠺ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ ࡑࡢᚋࡋࡤࡽࡃࡣ㸪ᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚⚾ࡢ║๓࡛ྠࡌ ࡗࡓࠋ ฟ∧♫ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᅇ⟅ࡣ㸪ධ♫ࡋࡓࡤࡾࡢ᪂ 212 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡇࡢࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⮬↛࡞ㄗ᳜➼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓ ࡵ㸪༳ๅ⣬ࢆ༢య࡛ධᛕ═ࡵ࡚ࡶࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ 㸱㸬ཎ✏ࡢ࣓࣮ࣝ㏦ಙㄗ㏦ࡢᜍᛧ Ẽࡁ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡋࡶཎ✏ᥦฟ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࡍ࡛ ධᛕ☜ㄆసᴗࢆࡋࡓసၥ⪅ᮏேࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᙜ ⌧௦ࡢ㧗ᗘሗ㏻ಙ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿᡃࠎࡗ ↛㸪ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸➻࠸࠺ඛධほࡀᙉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪࡞࠾ ࡚㸪࠸ࡲࡉࡽ࣓࣮ࣝࡢ౽ᛶ␗㆟ࢆ࡞࠼ࡿ⪅ ࡉࡽ⮬ศ࡛Ẽࡃࡇࡣᅔ㞴࠸࠼ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡇ ࡣⓙ↓࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ྠ ࢀࡽࡢḞ㝗ࡣูࡢጤဨࡽࡢᣦࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨぬ ࣓࣮࡛ࣝᛌ࡞⤒㦂ࢆࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸ே㛫 ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡘ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୕ᰯ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ ࡶⓙ↓࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࡇ ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᣦࡉࢀ㸪ఱᰯṇసᴗ୰ಟṇࡍࡿ 㸪ࡋ࡚࣓࣮ࣝࡣேࢆṚࡍࡽㄏ࠺ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋࡔ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ」ᩘே ࡿࠋᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡇࡣ┳㐣ࡋࡀࡓ࠸ ࡀඹྠ࡛సࡾୖࡆࡿసᴗࡺ࠼Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈ ၥ㢟ࡀ↓ᩘ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡽ ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ᮍ↛㜼Ṇࡍࡿࡇ ୍ษ❧ࡕධࡽࡎ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺㸪ఱࡶ≴ࡘࡲࡲࢀࡓࡢࡼ࠺ ⏝ࡋࡓཎ✏ࡢ㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡢࡳ↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞య㦂࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࡸᡃࠎࡣ㸪ฟ∧♫ฟྥ ௨ୖ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ ࡃࡇࢁ㸪⦅㞟㒊ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡸ⦅⪅࣭ඹⴭ⪅ ᡂᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᩥ᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝ࡔࡀ㸪 ୍ᗘࡶ㢦ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡃཎ✏ࡢ㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡀ 」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡀ୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㛤ࡁ㸪⦅㞟సᴗ ྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ฟ∧㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪៖እࡢ༴㝤ࡀ 㒑㏦㈝ࡢ⠇⣙ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⥾ࡵษࡾ㛫㝿ࡲ࡛ᇳ➹ ࡶ࡞࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆᡃࠎࡣᙉࡃㄆ㆑ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ సᴗࡶ࡛ࡁ㸪ᥦฟ⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࢆࡲࡵ㈙ ࠶ࡿࠋᩥ୰࡛ࡢᘬ⏝ࡀᚲ㡲ࡢᩥ➹ᐙࡗ࡚ࡣࡴ ࠸ࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ ࡋࢁ⬣ጾ࡛ࡍࡽ࠶ࡿࡢࡀᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࠸࠼㸪 ୖࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṧࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣂࢵࢡ ࠸ᇳ➹⪅ᙜேࡀ⣽ᚰࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸㸪࠸ࡗࡑ ࢵࣉࡢ௦ࢃࡾࡲ࡛ᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡇ ⏝ࡍࡽ᥍࠼ࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ඹྠసᴗ⪅ࡸྠࡌࣃࢯࢥ ࡇࡶពእ࡞ⴠࡋ✰ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࢹ࣮ ࣥࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᐙ᪘➼ࡀ↓⮬ぬࡇࢀࢆ⏝ࡋ㸪 ࢱࡢㄗ㏦࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛⤂ࡍࡿ ࠕୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑࠖࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ㸪⿕ᐖࡢ㊧ࢆ᥈ ࡣ㸪༢⣧࡞㐣ኻ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⚾࡞ࡾࡢៅ ࡿࡇࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ 㔜࡞ᡭἲࡀ⅏࠸ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝᡤᒓᏛ⏕ࡢ༞ᴗㄽᩥࡢసᡂᣦ ᭱㏆ࡢ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺࡣ㸪ᩥ❶సᡂᙺ❧ࡘࡉ ᑟ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢆᗄࡘయ㦂ࡋ ࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐇ࠸ᡭ ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ྠࡌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ືస⎔ቃࡢ␗࡞ࡿࣃ ࡀⰋ࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪᭩ᘧタᐃࢆᑡࡋᕤኵࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ ࢯࢥࣥࡸ㸪ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡛ ࡞࠼ࡤ㸪㈨ᩱձࡢࡼ࠺ᐇ㝿ࡢㄅ㠃ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡿ 㛤ࡃ㸪ᩥ᭩ࡢෆᐜࡀࡸࡸྂ࠸ࡶࡢධࢀ᭰ࢃ ࢫࢱࣝࡰྠ୍ࡢ༳Ꮠࢆࡍࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟ ࡾ㸪ኚࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡿ(8)ࠋษ࡞ᩥ᭩ࢆ᭩ࡃ㝿㸪㸶ᖺ⛬๓ࡽ࡛࠶ ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┠ୗ㸪ཎᅉ✲᫂୰࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࢁ࠺㸪⚾ࡣᚲࡎࡇ࠺ࡋࡓタᐃࢆ๓࠾ࡇ࡞ ྍ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡢ⪏⏝ᖺ ࠸㸪ఱᗘࡶࣉࣜࣥࢺ࢘ࢺࡋ࡚᥎ᩙࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍస ᩘࡢ㉸㐣࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡃࡶ㸪ᣦ ᴗ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ᰯṇࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜ ᑟࡋࡓෆᐜࡀḟᅇཎ✏ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ ↛㸪ᮏ✏ࡶࡑࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࡿ㸪ࢮ࣑⏕ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆᦆࡡࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡾ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ௬ࠕᏛཎ✏ࠖ࠸࠺ᩥ᭩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱྡ ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪ࡴࢁࢇᏛ⏕ࡸᣦᑟᩍဨࡢㄗ ⛠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⚾ࡢయ㦂ࡋࡓኻᩋࡘࡁ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ ᧯సࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ㄝ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ 213 ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ ㈨ᩱձ &L1LL ࡽ ࢲ ࢘ ࣥ ࣟ ࣮ ࢻ ࡋ ࡓ 3') ⮬ᰯṇ⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㝿ࡢཎ✏ ⮬ᰯṇࡢᡭ㡰ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚⡆༢࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣᩥ᭩ࡀ ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ཎࢱࢺ࡛ࣝୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ᡂࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ಖᏑࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ ࠸㸪⬺✏ࡍࡿࠋྂ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṧࡍ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪ࣂࢵࢡ ࢆ⏝⣬༳ๅࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࠶ࡓࡶࢤࣛๅࡾ㸦ᰯṇ ࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㒊ศⓗಟṇ๓ࡢ ๅࡾ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺⢭ᰝࡋ㸪㉥ࢆධࢀಟṇࡍࡿࠋࡘࡂ ᩥ❶ࡢ᪉ࡀⰋࡗࡓሙྜ࡞㸪▐ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᘬ ࣃࢯࢥࣥྥࡁྜࡗ࡚㸪⣬ࡢୖ࡛ࡢಟṇ⟠ᡤࢆ ࡁฟࡏ࡚ྜ⌮ⓗࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍㏻ࡾධຊࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱᫎࡉࡏ㸪ึᰯࢆ⤊࠼ࡓ ࡇࡢ⮬ᰯṇࡌࡓ࠸ࡣ㸪ᡂᗘࡢ㧗࠸ཎ✏ࢆᥦ ཎ✏࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱྡࠕ㸯ࠖࢆຍ࠼㸪ࠕᏛ ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸪ㄡ࡛ࡶ᥎ዡ࡛ࡁࡿᡭሀ࠸ᡭἲ ཎ✏㸯ࠖ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ู࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ࡚᪂つ ࠸࠼ࡿࠋᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆῧࣇࣝ ಖᏑࢆࡍࡿࠋྠࡌせ㡿࡛㸪ࠕ㸰㸪㸱ࠖ᥎ᩙࢆ⧞ ࡍࡿ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱྡࡢ┬␎࠸࠺ูࡢ ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪⣡ᚓࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪᭱ᚋᩒ࠼࡚ᩘᏐࡢ ၥ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪㏻ᖖ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㔜ᗘࡢ㐣ኻ࡛ 214 ࡶ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᡭἲࡀཎᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄗ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ㈨ ᩱ ղ ㏦ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢁࡀ⚾ࡢሙྜࡣ㸪୍ᗘ㸪⬺✏ࡋࡓཎ✏ࢆ㸪⣬ ᖜࡢ㒔ྜ➼ࡼࡾᖜ᭩ࡁᨵࡵࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡃ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㉳ࡇ ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ΰࡢ࠶ࡲࡾᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㒊ศࢆ๐㝖ࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪௨ୗ㸪グ᠈ࡢ⣒ࢆࡓࡄࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᙜࡢ⚾ࡣ㸪ཎ✏ࡢᖜᨵ⦅࠸࠺␗ ࡞సᴗ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢΰྠࢆ㑊ࡅࡿᚰ⟬࡛ࡶ ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ㸪ᖹ⣲ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᙜึࡢࠕᏛཎ✏ࠖ ㈨ ᩱ ճ ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸ࡎ㸪ࠕ࠙ᨵࠚᏛཎ✏ࠖ ᑡࡋࣞࣥࢪࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪๓㏙ ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞⮬ᰯṇࢆఱᗘ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪ᝎࡳᝎ ࢇ࡛ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ⬺✏࡛ࡁࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ᗘࡣẼศࡶ ᪂ࡓ࠸ࡗࡓពᅗ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࠕ࠙᪂ࠚᏛ ཎ✏ࠖ࠸࠺ูࡢྡ⛠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡋ ࡓࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ୍Ꮠ୍ྃࡢ⾲⌧ࡇ ࡔࢃࡗ࡚᭩ࡁୖࡆࡓ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃ᭱⤊ཎ✏࡞ࡿࡣ ࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ㸪⏕ࡌࡓ⤖ᯝࡢࡁࡉⱞᝎࡋ㸪ᗄศᮇ ᙜࡢ≧ἣࢆ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀḟ㡫ࡢ㈨ᩱղ࡛㸪 㛫ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋ㸪⚾࡞ࡾࢺࣛࣈࣝࡢཎᅉ✲᫂ࢆࡍࡿ ఱᅇࡶ⮬ᰯṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅗࡽࡎࡶࣇ࢛ ୰࡛Ⓨぢࡋࡓ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ↛㸪ពᅗⓗࡋࡓ⾜ ࣝࢲ࣮ෆఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ྡ⛠ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀከᩘ୪ࡪ Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㝿ఱࡀ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪 ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀศࡿ(9)ࠋ࡞ࡗ࡚෭㟼═ ᙜࡢ⚾ࡶ☜ドࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔ㸪๓⪅ ࡵࢀࡤ㸪ணᮇࡏࡠࡇࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ࡶᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࢆᚋ⪅ྲྀࡾ㐪࠼࡚ῧࣇ࡛ࣝ㏦ಙࡋ࡚ࡋ ≧ἣ┳ྲྀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ᢡᝏࡃ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝࡋࡀࡓ࠸ ࡲ࠺࠸࠺㸪࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄗ㏦ࡀ㸪 ㅮ₇ࡶ㔜࡞ࡾ㸪ཎ✏ࡢᖜᨵ⦅ᅄⱞඵⱞࡋ㸪࠶ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ ࢁ࠺ࡇ⥾ࡵษࡾࢆ㉸㐣ࡋ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃᚲṚ࡞ ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺᥎⌮ࢆ㸪ᛗᛸࡓࡿ࠸࡛㏙ࡓࡲ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᙜࡢ⚾ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡣⓙ↓࡛࠶ ࡛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ㜵ࡄලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ ㏻ᖖ⚾ࡣ㸪㈨ᩱղࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ෆࢆࠕ᭦ ࢱࡢ᪂ᪧࡢูࡀ㸪㏻ࡋ␒ྕ୍࡛┠░↛࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ ᪂᪥ࠖ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ᭱ୖ㒊᮶ࡿ ࡞⟶⌮ᑾࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪సࡾ┤ࡋ ࡼ࠺࡞タᐃࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠕྡ๓ࠖ ࡓᅇᩘࡀุ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ ࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ༑㡢㡰ࡋࡓࡶ Ẽࡎࡋࡉࡽ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ᩒ࠼࡚᭦᪂ᅇ ࡢࡀ㈨ᩱճ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせࡣ㸪ࡓࡗࡓ୍ᗘ㸪ఱࡢ᧯ ᩘࡢ㊧ࢆᾘࡋ࡚ࡽᥦฟࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⟶⌮ࢆ సࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢿᏊࠕྡ๓ࠖࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠼ࡤࠕ150911ࠖ࠸ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࠕ࠙ᨵࠚᏛཎ✏ࠖࠕ࠙᪂ࠚ ࡗࡓලྜ㸪ࣇࣝྡࡢෑ㢌సᡂࡋࡓᖺ᭶᪥ Ꮫཎ✏ࠖࡣ㸪ࡉࡋࡓࡿ㐪ឤ࡞ࡃ㸪࠸ࡶ⡆༢ ࢆ␒ྕࡋ࡚ධࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶྠ✀ࡢၥ 㡰␒ࡀධࢀ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㢟ࡣ࡞ࡾࡢ☜⋡࡛ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡃࢃ࠼࡚㸪ࢹ 215 ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ ࣮ࢱࡢᥦฟ๓ࡣ㸪ᚲࡎࠕ᭦᪂᪥ࠖࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡ ࣮࡛ࣝ㏦ཷಙࡏࡎ㸪ཎ๎༳ๅ⣬࡛㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡍࡿ ࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⩦័ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡶ ࡇࡀᖖ㐨࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚ᮏົᰯෆ࡛ࡢ☜ㄆ㡯 ࡘࡂ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ 㛵ࡍࡿ᭩㢮࡛㉳ࡁ㸪ࡘඃ⚽࡞ົᒁࡢᣦࡼ ᩥ᭩ࡢࡸࡾࡾ࠾ࡅࡿㄗ㏦ࡢ༴㝤ࡘࡁ㸪ඛ ࡗ࡚࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣄࣖࣜࣁࢵࢺ࡛῭ࢇࡔࠋ ࡶᑡࡋゐࢀࡓ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘูࡢゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ࡶࡋࡀ୍㸪ࠕ2015 ᖺᗘࠕᨻᏛࠖ ࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ྡࡢ㛗࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡸࡾࡾ㸪 ᡂ⦼⾲㸦㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ㸧ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ࢩ ≉㏦ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᚲせ⟠ᡤࡢࡳᙜ᪉ ࣛࣂࢫఱ຺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ➼ㄗ㏦ࡋ࡚ ࡀຍ➹ࡋ㸪༳ๅࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃ୖ ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡋࡓࡽ㸪࠺ࡗࡾ࣑ࢫ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡉࢀࡲ ࡛ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㏉㏦ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᥦฟ᭩㢮࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪⏝㏵ูࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖ⟶ࡍࡿࣇ࢛ࣝ ⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢲ࣮ࢆ㝵ᒙࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋ࡚ ㈨ᩱմࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝࢆࢲ࢘ࣥ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㝿ࡶ㸪⮬ศ࡞ࡾุู ࣮ࣟࢻࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ྡ⛠ࢆࡅ┤ࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡍࡿ࡞㸪᪥ࠎ㸪 ࢆ୍▌ࡍࢀࡤศࡿࡼ࠺㸪㸷ᩥᏐࢆ㉸㐣ࡍࡿᩥ ࢹ࣮ࢱ⟶⌮ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ὀពࢆᡶࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ᭩ྡࡢ୍㒊ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ͏ࠖ⾲グ࡞ࡗ࡚┬␎ ㄡ࡛ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ࣑ࢫ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẼࢆࡘࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ࡢࡣ㸪⏬㠃ୖ⾲♧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪୍ ⓗࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ 㸲㸬ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡢ៧㨚 ྡ⛠⮬యࡀ⮬ືⓗ㸰Ⅼ࣮ࣜࢲᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚ ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ಶேሗࡢಖㆤ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡀᡂ❧ ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ(10)ࠋ ࡋ࡚᪩༑ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ㸪ࡸ♫ࡢ࠸ࡓࡿᡤ࡛ࣉࣛ ㈨ᩱմ ࣂࢩ࣮ᶒ㓄៖ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞⤌ࡳࡀᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋᪧ௦ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡣ᱆ 㐪࠸ࡢᐜ㔞ࢆࡾ㸪ࡘᦠᖏᛶࡶඃࢀẚ㍑ⓗ Ᏻ౯࡞ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ(11)㸪Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡸ▐ࡃ㛫ᬑ ཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ಖㆤ ್ࡍࡿಶேሗࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ᶵᐦࢆྵࢇࡔ㔜せ࡞ࢹ ࣮ࢱࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡇࡑ୍⧳ࡵ࡛Ẽ㍍ᣢࡕ㐠ࡤࢀࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪⣮ኻ➼ࡼࡿࢹ࣮ࢱὶฟࡢࣜࢫࢡࡶ᱁ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪௬ࠕ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ 2015 ẁቑࡍࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺཎ✏㸦℧ᕝ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞㸪Ⓩሙࡋࡓࡢࡀࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ࡢ ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆῧࣇ࡛ࣝ㏦ཷಙࡍࡿ࡞ࡿ㸪 ࡘ࠸ࡓ USB ࣓ࣔࣜ㸦௨ୗ㸪P-U-M ␎グࡍࡿ㸧 ࠕ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ͏ࠖࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྡ⛠ࡀ┬␎ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⡆᫆࡞ࡶࡢࡽ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛㸪ࡉࡲࡊ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡏࡗࡃᶆ ࡲ࡞ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ㈍ࡉࢀ 㢟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕㄡࡀ㸪ఱ㸪ఱࢆࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ(12)ࠋᙜ↛㸪◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀᢅ࠺ᩥ᭩ ಶูᛶࢆุูࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ሗࡀ⏬୍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡢ୰ࡶ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᏛ⏕ࡢಶேሗࡸᏛෆࡢᶵ ࡲ࠸㸪ᙜ↛㸪᭩㢮ࢆᥦฟࡍࡿഃࡶ㸪ཷࡅྲྀࡿഃࡶ ᐦ㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟㸪◊✲ࡢᵓ➼ࠎ㸪㔜せ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡿཎᅉࡶ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ ከᩘྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ࡶࡀ ⌧≧㸪ᮏົᰯࡢᏛົᒁ࡛ࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ ୍⣮ኻࡋࡓ㝿ࡢಖ㝤ࡋ࡚ P-U-M ࢆឡ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣሗ₃ὤ➼ࡢ༴㝤ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣓ ⪅ࡣỴࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 216 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ⚾ࡀ P-U-M ࢆึࡵ࡚⏝ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸳ᖺ๓ ࡋ㸪ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ヰࡣ᪉ࠎ࡛⫈࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୰ࡣ࣐ ࡢࡇ࡛㸪᯾Ꮫ᯾Ꮫ㒊ࡢᡂ⦼⾲ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ົ ࢽࣗࣝ㏻ࡾ᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࢹ ᒁᥦฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ ࣮ࢱࡀᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺ᝒ㬆ࡶ」ᩘ⪥ ࡢᚋ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆక࠺ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ࠾࠸࡚ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┿ഇࡢ⛬ࡣᐃ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᥦฟ⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚㆑ู␒ ࠸ࡎࢀࡏࡼ㸪⚾⮬㌟ࡣ P-U-M ࡢᏳᚰឤច ྕࡁࡢࡶࡢࡀ㓄ࡉࢀ㸪ఱᗘ⏝ࡍࡿᶵࢆ ࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࣓࣮ࣥࡢグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚㸯ᖺ௨ୖࢃ ᚓࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᙜึࡣ⏝᪉ἲᡞᝨ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪 ࡓࡾ㸪㢖⦾⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪☜ྍゎ࡞⌧ ࡑࡢࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࣮ᶵ⬟౯್ࢆぢฟࡋ㸪⚾ಶே ㇟ࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ㉳ࡁࡓࡢࡣᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑ ࡛ࡶ㸰ᖺ๓ࡽᖺࡲ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࣓࣮ࣥࡢࢹ ࢀࡽࡀ✚ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡢ㸪⏝㛤ጞࡽ⣙㸯 ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ㡭㸪ᴟࡵ࡚གྷ࡞ၥ㢟┤㠃ࡋ㸪ࡸ P-U-M ࡣ㟂せࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㈍౯ ࡴ࡞ࡃ P-U-M ࡢ⏝ࢆ୰Ṇࡋࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᱁ࡶ࡞ࡾୗⴠࡋ㸪ᚋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᬑཬࡀணࡉ ࡢⓎ➃ࡣ㸪P-U-M ෆ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࣉࣜ ࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇࡶᛮࢃࡠⴠࡋ✰ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➼࡛⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࡿࠋ⫈ࡃࡇࢁࡼࢀࡤ㸪⡆᫆ࡢࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࣟࢵࢡࢆࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࢚࣮ࣛ⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚ࡋ ࡢሙྜ㸪⇍㐩⪅࡛࠶ࢀࡤࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ ࡲ࠸㸪P-U-M ࢆྲྀࡾእࡏ࡞࠸࠸࠺ලྜ࡛࠶ ࡶ㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ゎᯒࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾฟࡏ࡚ ࡗࡓグ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓࣮࡛ࣥ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㧗ᗘ࡞㆟ㄽࡣ ୖ㸪࠺࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡇࢀࢆᣢཧࡋ࡚እฟࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡀ ᑓ㛛ᐙㆡࡿࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⚾ࡢ◊✲ 㐨⌮࠸࠼㸪᪉࡞ࡃᙜึࡣࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢࣁ࣮ࢻࢹ ᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢⱞ࠸య㦂ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࡵࡓ ࢫࢡࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࢆࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪ࣟࢵࢡࡀ ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤᏳ࣭Ᏻᚰࡢ௦ൾࡋ࡚Ⓨ ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ㟁※ࢆⴠࡋ࡚ ࡋࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠕࣇࣝࡢ◚ᦆࠖࡼࡤࢀࡿ⌧㇟ ࡽ㸪P-U-M ࢆྲྀࡾእࡍ࠸࠺సᴗࢆᜍࡿᜍࡿ࠾ ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡀඖ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪సᡂࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ⤖ᯝⓗ ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᮏ᮶㸪እฟ๓ࡑࡢࡼ ᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠺࡞ᝆ㛗࡞సᴗࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿవ⿱ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅࡶ࡞ ᭱ึࡢࡣ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ᯾Ꮫ᯾Ꮫ㒊ࡢᡂ⦼⾲ ࡃ㸪≉ OS ࡢ⮬ື᭦᪂࡞ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸪 సᡂ࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚾ࡀึࡵ࡚ P-U-M ࢆ⏝ ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ㟁※ࡀษࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ┦ᙜ࡞ ࡋࡓࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ఱ㛫ࡅ 㛫ࢆせࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ᝏࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࣂ ࡚సᡂࡋࡓᡂ⦼⾲ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ◚ᦆࡋ㸪ົᒁ࡛ࡶ ࢵࢡࢵࣉࡣࡗ࡚࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ᏻᚰឤ㸪㛫ⓗ 㛤ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪㠀࡞ࡃ᭱ึࡽධຊࡍࡿ ไ⣙ࡽࡸࡴ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢩࣕࢵࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ୰ࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ ⩚┠࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཎᅉࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ ࡽ P-U-M ࢆᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡶఱᗘࡣ ๓ࡢ⤒㦂ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࠕUSB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣࣇࣟࢵ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡ㐪࠸㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡉࡽࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨾࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋົᒁ❧ࡕ ࡿ᭱୰࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪⢒㞧ᢅࡗ࡚ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᾘ ᐤࡗࡓࡘ࠸࡛㸪ົဨࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ P-U-M ࢆ ኻࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳࡽ㸪ㄝ᫂᭩ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ ┤᥋ࡘ࡞࠸࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཷࡅΏࡋࡓ㝿㸪ᡤᐃࡢసᴗ ㏻ࡾ P-U-M ࢆࣃࢯࢥࣥࡽྲྀࡾእࡉ࡞ࡗࡓ ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࡎ㸪࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾࡇࢀࢆᘬࡁᢤࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡇࡼࡿࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡀࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆධຊࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛ ࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞⚾ࡢ↓▱ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡏࡗࡃ ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆ㛤ࡃᵝᏊࢆ┠๓࡛ぢ࡚࠸ࡓ➻ࡢᙜே࡛ ົᒁࡀㄝ᫂᭩ࢆࣉࣜࣥࢺ࢘ࢺࡋ㸪ྠᑒࡋ࡚ࡃ ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪༢ఱᒙࡶ㝵ᒙࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ ࢀࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎ㉳ࡁࡓኻᩋ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᨾព࡛ࡣ ࡢ୰ࡽ┠ⓗࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡍసᴗㄗㄆࡋ ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㉥㠃ࡢ⮳ࡾ࠸࠺࡞࠸ࠋࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡶ↓⌮࡞ࡽࡠヰ࡛㸪 217 ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ እぢୖ㸪P-U-M ㏻ᖖࡢ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣุูࡀࡘ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᛕࡢࡓࡵゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢᨾࢆ㜵ࡄࡣ㸪ᣢࡕࡀ 㸪ᮏ௳㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࢘ ᭱ึ P-U-M ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨㸪┦ᡭ᫂☜ఏ࠼࡚࠾ ࣝࢫࡢᏑᅾࡶᠱᛕࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱᪂ࡘ」ᩘࡢ ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢘ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡳࡓࡀ㸪ၥ㢟ࡣ᳨ฟ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᮏព࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟ྵࡳࡢ⏝ࢆ ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ(13)ࠋ ⥆ࡅࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⚾ࡀᖖ⏝ࡍࡿ P-U-M ෆࡢ㸪ᩘࡋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪P-U-M 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ✏ࡢ ࡚ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸㸵㸣⛬ᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀṇᖖᒎ㛤࡛ࡁ 㢟ࡓࡿฟ∧㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࡲ࡛ࡣⓎᒎࡋ࡚ ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᅔࡗࡓែ㝗ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ≧ࡢ ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡍ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ࢹ ⠊ᅖࡣ㸪⚾ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸୍ኴ㑻ࢆ ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ ࡣࡌࡵ㸪࣮࣡ࢻࡸ࢚ࢡࢭࣝ㸪ࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺ㸪PDF ◚ᦆ࣭ᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡗ࡚ࡣᙧ ࡞㸪࠾࠾ࡴࡡ✀㢮ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࢹ ᐜࡋࡀࡓ࠸῝้࡞ၥ㢟࠸࠼ࡿࠋ⚾ࡢሙྜ㸪㐣ཤ ࣮ࢱࡢᐜ㔞ࡸసᡂࡉࢀࡓᮇ࡞ࡶ⿕ᐖࡣ↓ ࣇࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡࡢ⏝࡛ᩓࠎ࡞┠㐼ࡗ 㛵ಀ࡞ࡼ࠺࡛㸪እぢୖࡣᩥ᭩ࡢྡ⛠ࡸࣉࣟࣃࢸ ࡓ⤒㦂ࡽ㸪ࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࣇࣝࢆᑠࡲࡵ ࣮ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ṇᖖ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢぢศࡅࡀࡘ ࡿ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝⓗᡃࡀ⾑⫗ࡢࡈࡁ ࡞࠸ࠋ ษ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᾘኻ࠸࠺ᝒࡣචࢀ㸪ᖾ ㈨ᩱյ ୰ࡢᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪P-U-M ࡢ⏝Ṇࡽ 15 ࣨ᭶௨ୖ⤒ 㐣ࡋࡓ⌧ᅾࡶࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࡢᦠ⾜ࡀḞࡏ࡞࠸ ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋẖ᪥ࡢࡼ࠺ᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᡃࠎࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫋࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡶ㢖 ⦾ࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸㸪ࡇࢀࡀඖ࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡀ㉳ ࡇࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᚰ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⤖ᒁࡢࡇࢁ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢලྜࡢཎᅉࡶఱᗘ ࡢࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛࡢ✚࠸ࡗࡓ⛬ᗘࡋศ ၥ㢟ࡢ≧ࡣఱ㏻ࡾ࠶ࡾ㸪㈨ᩱյࡢࡼ࠺ ࡽࡎ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࡦࡘ⿕ᐖࡢつᶍࡸែᵝ ࣇࣝࡀㄞࡳ㎸ࡵ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚㸪࣊ ࡶุ↛ࡋ࡞࠸(14)ࠋṇ㛤ࢀ㸪➨୕⪅ࡢᡭ ࣝࣉࡢᣦ♧㏻ࡾᑐฎࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㛤ࡅ࡞࠸ Ώࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠸ࡗࡑඖࡽቯࡋ࡚ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡸ㸪ุㄞ᫂࡞⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚࣊ࣝࣉࡍࡽཧ↷ ࡋࡲ࠼࠸࠺Ⓨࡣ㸪ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᏲࡾ᪉ࡢ✲ᴟ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋჃᜥࡤࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ ᙧែࡋ࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࢺࣛࣈ ᪉ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪㛫ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ࡣ㸪ྛಶᧁ◚᪉ᘧ ࣝࡢཎᅉࡶ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾࡶ᭕ᶍ ࡛ࣇࣝࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡁ㸪␗ᖖࡀฟࡓሙ ⢶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ P-U-M ࢆ࣓࣮ࣥ ྜࡣࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࣇࣝ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚㢖⦾⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪 ᆅ㐨࡞ᪧసᴗ࠸ࡑࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡶ࠺ᑡࡋຠ⋡ ࣜࢫࢡࡢ᪉ࡀࡁࡍࡂࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ⓗ࡞ࡸࡾࡓࡶ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪གྷ࡞ ᭱ᚋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ P-U-M 㝈ࡗࡓၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡇ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢ≧ࡣ➨୕ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡀ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣࠕᾘ⪖ရ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇ ࡑࢀࡣᩥ᭩ࢆ㛤ࡃࡇ⮬యࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪㒊ศⓗ ࡘ࠸࡚ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙࡢヰࡼࡿ ᩥᏐࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆⓎぢࡍࡿ 㸪㏻ᖖࡣ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜ᪂つಖᏑࡸୖ᭩ࡁಖ ࡣ⏬㠃ࢆ୍㏻ࡾࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࣝࡉࡏ࡚☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡅ Ꮡࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠾࠺ࡍࡿᚎࠎලྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ 218 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡛⪏⏝㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡇ 㹁㹒ࡢ౽ᛶ౫ᣐࡋࡍࡂࡎ㸪ᚑ᮶㸪ษࡉࢀ ࢆ⮬↛▱ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ(15)ࠋ⟶ぢࡢ ࡚ࡁࡓ⾜⛬ࢆᑀ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡣ 㝈ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡢᣢࡕࡣᑡ࡞࠸ ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋ➃ⓗ࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ ࡼ࠺ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜෆࡢグ᠈⣲ ᭩ࢆฟ∧ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚Ḟࡏ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ Ꮚࡀຎࡍࡿࡇ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡸࡣࡾᙜ⪅㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐦࡋ㸪 ࡇࢁࡀ㸪⚾ࡀ┤㠃ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢୖ ࠸ሗ࿌࣭㐃⤡࣭┦ㄯࡋ㸪ὀពࢆႏ㉳ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ ᭩ࡁࡇࢁ㸪ㄞࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪ᘬࡁฟࡋࡀ✺↛ࡘ୍ 㸪ేࡏ࡚ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃ୖ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪༳ๅ⣬ ษ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡛ࡢᰯṇࢆࡋࡗࡾ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᡤぢࡣ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜෆࡢࡢ㒊ศ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ࢆ⤒࡚ࣇࣟࡽࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤࢹ࣮ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓᣦ ࢱྡࡢෑ㢌㸱᱆ࡢᩘᏐࢆࡘࡅ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㸪ࣇ࢛ ௧ⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍ⣲Ꮚࡀຎࡋ㸪ᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ⌋ࡋ ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆᑀ㝵ᒙࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ෆ ࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ⮬యࡣṧᏑࡋ ⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆΰᅾࡉࡏ࡞࠸㸪㹄㹂ጤဨ ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅ᩘ㐌㛫㡸ࡅ࡚ጤクࡍࢀ ➼ᐓ࡛ㅮ⩦ࢆ⏬ࡍࡿ࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗࡘ ࡤ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᘬࡁฟࡋࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ ᭷┈࡞ᚚពぢࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪 ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ᢡᝏࡃ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆࡶ ฟ∧⦅㞟⪅ࡽࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡞Ⓨゝࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡎࡶࡗ ࡞࠺ษ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᕤኵࡢ᪉ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ㦫࠸ࡓࠋࡸࡣࡾ ᪉ἲࡣ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ ⤖ᒁࡢࡇࢁ㸪៖እࡢ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡣ㸪 ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ኴ㑻ෆⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࣂࢵࢡ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ ࢵࣉࡢᒚṔࡽ㛤ࡃࠖ࠸࠺ಖ㝤ⓗ࡞⿵ຓᶵ⬟ ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀ୍␒ษ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࠶ ༳ๅ⣬ࡼࡾ㸪㐣࡞ࡃᚲせ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆඖࡍࡿ ࡽࡓࡵ࡚③ឤࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ 㢌㸪ࡘ࡚⚾ࡀᣦᑟᩍᤵࡢᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࢆࢹ࣮ ࢱࡋࡓヰゐࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᐇࡣ㸪⚾࡚ఱࡶᶵᲔⓗ ࡴࡍࡧ ཎ✏ࢆࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲࢹ࣮ࢱධຊࡋࡓࢃࡅ 㹼⥭ᐦ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ༳ๅ⣬࡛ࡢᰯṇ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄗᏐࡸ⬺Ꮠࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑀ⟢ࢆ ௨ୖ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧ࡲࡘࢃࡿ ࡣࡗ࡚ཎ✏ࡢㄗࡾࢆᣦࡋ㸪࠸ࡗ࡚ࠕ⤊ࢃࡾࠖ ㅖసᴗࡢ㟁Ꮚ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸪ᜍࡿࡁ㝗✶ࡘ ࢆࠕ⤊ࡾࠖ⾲グࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㒊ศࡣ࠺ࡿࡉ ࡁ㸪⚾ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᣋ࠸⤒㦂ࢆࡶ㏙ ࡃ❧ࡕධࡽࡎ㸪ᣦᑟᩍᤵࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࣮ᛮ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏฟ∧Ꮫ 2014 ᖺᗘᏘ◊ ࠸ࢆ⮴ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ఱᮇᚅ௨ୖࡢࢆࡋ࡚ㄆ ✲Ⓨ⾲㸦2014 ᖺ㸳᭶ 17 ᪥㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏ✏ ࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸࠸࠺୍ᚰ࡛సᴗࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ྠࡌࢸ࣮࣐࡛Ⓨ⾲ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪๓ᚋ㛵ಀ ࠶ࡿࠋ⳹ࣛࣥࢳ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪ᐇࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓసᴗ ࡛࠸࠺㸪ᐇࡣࡍ࡛ 2014 ᖺ㸰᭶ୖ᪪ࡣᮏ✏ ࠾࠸࡚⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⣬࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ ࡢ⣲✏ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ(16)ࠋணᮇࡏࡠኻᩋ┤㠃ࡋ㸪 ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿሙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⚾ࡢഃࡇ ࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢవࡾఱ⾜ືࡏࡎࡣᒃࡽࢀࡎ᭩ ࡑ㸪సᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮫࡪࡇࡀᐇከࡗࡓ࠸࠼ ࡁጞࡵࡓࡢࡀᇳ➹ࡢືᶵ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⣛వ᭤ᢡࡋ㸪ᐇ ࡿࠋ ᖺ㏆ࡃࡶຍ➹ಟṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡞ࡗ ࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ᩥ❶ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡀ⌧ᅾ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ ࡓࠋ௨ୗࡢࠕࡴࡍࡧ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪◊✲Ⓨ⾲௨㝆࠾ ᮍ᮶ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ఱࡽࡢ⇕࠸࠸ࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ ᐤࡏ㡬࠸ࡓᚚពぢࡶ⤂ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᮏ✏ࢆ⥾ࡵᣓࡿ ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ࿘▱ࡍࡿࡓࡵฟ∧≀ࡣห⾜ࡉࢀ ࡇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡿࠋᩥᏐࡢྥࡇ࠺స⪅ࡢ⏕ࡁᵝࡀᢞᙳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ᅇ㸪⚾ࡀ⤂ࡋࡓࡢ༙ࡣ㸪ᙜ⪅ࡀ㹇 ࡿࡇព㆑ࡋ㸪ᑐヰࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ฟ∧࣭⦅㞟స 219 ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ ᴗྥࡁྜ࠺ࡇࡢษࡉࢆ㸪⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢኻᩋ ᅔ㞴࡛㸪㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾࡶ᫂░࡞ࡲࡲ㸪ࡑࡢ㈐ࡵࢆ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋᏛ⾡ฟ∧ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ ⴭస⪅ࡀ୍㌟㈇ࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸≧ἣ㝗ࡾࡀ ⌧ἣࡣཝࡋࡃ㸪࣮࣐࢟ࣥ࡞ࡿ⤒㦂㇏࡞⦅㞟⪅ ࡕᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࡗ࡚ᮏ ࡀ㛫ᡭ㛫ࢆࡅ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ ព࡞ཎ✏ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡣ㸪㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾ ࡿᜨࡲࢀࡓ⎔ቃࡣᴟࡵ࡚⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪⦅㞟 பࠎࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ඹྠసᴗ⪅ࡓࡿඹⴭ⪅ࡸ ⪅ࡢカ⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀ㸪ᇳ➹ࡢഐ ⦅㞟⪅ࡗ࡚ࡶᝒ௨እࡢఱࡶࡢࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࡽ⦅⪅ࡸ⣖せጤဨ࠸ࡗࡓ⫪᭩ࡁࡢࡶ㸪⦅㞟స ࠸ࠋ ᴗࡢࡲࡡࡈࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ ࣃࢯࢥࣥ⩦⇍ࡋࡓ⦅㞟⪅ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᖖ㆑ⓗ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡞㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ▱㆑ࡶ㸪◊✲ᩍ⫱ࢆᮏົࡍࡿ ⦅㞟సᴗࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿពᅗࡽ㸪ㄽᩥ➼ ᡃࠎࡣᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ࠎ㐍Ṍࡍࡿ㹇㹁㹒 ࡢᢞ✏つᐃࡸせ㡯➼ࡣ㸪ศ㔞ࡣࡶࡃ᭩ᘧࡸ ࢆ๓⾨ⓗྲྀࡾධࢀࡓฟ∧㐣⛬ࡣᬯኪ⾜㊰࡞ ࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࡲ࡛⣽ࡃᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡶぢࡅ ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⾡ฟ∧ᦠࢃࡿ⇍㐩⪅ࡓࡕ ࡿࠋ“ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⟶⌮ࡣ⮬ᕫ㈐௵”ษࡾᤞ࡚࡚ࡋࡲ ࡣ㸪ᖹซ࡞㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࡋᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᇳ➹⪅ࡢྉࡧ ࢃࡎ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ヨࡳᮏ✏࡛⤂ࡋࡓ ┿ᦸ⪥ࢆഴࡅ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆᮍ↛㜵ࡄఱ “ᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂᖺ᭶᪥ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱྡෑ㢌ᤄධࡍࡿᡭ ࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ྥࡅ㸪✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᥦ ἲ”࡞ࡶᣦ♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ ゝࢆࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡣ㉳ࡇ Ụ†ࡣ“ࡢୖሬࡾ”࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡸᙳ㡪ࡣᑡ࡞ࡽࡎ ࡢ✀ࡢኻᩋࡀ✚ᴟⓗබ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ㸪⟶ ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ⛥ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢኻ ࡑࢀࡇࡑୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᶒጾࡉࢀࡿ⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅᥖ ᩋࢆㄆࡵࡓࡃ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ༢⣧࡞⮬ᑛᚰ࠸࠺ ㍕ࡉࢀࡓඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡉ࠼㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࣑ࢫ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ ࡼࡾࡣ㸪࠺ࡶ㛵ಀ⪅㏞ᝨࡀࡿࡇࡔࡅ ࡣṇ࠶ࡓࡿࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪◊✲⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᖖ㆑ࢆ ࡣᅇ㑊ࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ᜍᛧᚰ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࢃࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⍗⑅ᙜ⪅ࡢㄡࡋࡶ ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ኻᩋࡽᏛࡪࡇࡢከࡉࢆ ࡀẼࡎ㸪බห⮳ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸⌧ ୍㢳ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛࠶ࢀኻᩋࢆ㜌ⴿࡽ ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌮⣔࣭ᩥ⣔ࢆၥࢃࡎ㸪ᚋ㸪Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧ ࡎ㸪බ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࡢព⩏ࡣᚲࡎࡸ࠶ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ ࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡸ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⾡ ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡼࡾἑᒣࡢ⤒㦂๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪┿ ◊✲ࡢಙ⏝ᗘࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ၥࢃࢀࡿ 㹇㹁㹒ࡢ㐍ṌᑐᛂࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ∧ࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛࡀ ࡇ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㐍ࡵࡤ㸪Ꮫ⾡◊✲⮬యࡢ㉁ࡶᙜ↛ྥୖࡍࡿࡇ ᮏ✏࡛⤂ࡋࡓఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㸪 ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᪥ࠎᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ᚋࡶࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘࡁ㸪◊✲άືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࣃࢯࢥࣥពᛮࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࠸ࡃࡣ㸪ࡢࡇࢁࡃᮍᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪 ࡀ㸪≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ⏝⪅ࡢពᅗࢆ㉸࠼࡚స⏝ࡍࡿ 㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ⚾ఱᘓタⓗ࡞ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿぢ㏻ ࡇ࡛㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀࡽᑐࡍࡿᙜ⪅㛫ࡢ⩦⇍ ࡋࡶⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡉࢀࡓ㛵 ᗘࡢᕪࡀᛮࢃࡠ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋྥᚋࡶ㹇㹁㹒 ಀ⪅ࡢⓙᵝࡽయ㦂ㄯࡸࡈពぢࢆ࠾ᐤࡏ࠸ࡓࡔ ࡢ㐍Ṍඹᛮࢃࡠᙧ࡛ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ ࡅࢀࡤᖾ⏒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦supertyun@hotmail.co.jp㸧 ⥆ࡅ㸪୰ࡣⴭసே᱁ᶒࢆᐖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪౽ᛶࡢ௦ൾ࡛ࡣ ᮎ➹࡞ࡀࡽ㸪௨ୖ㏙ࡓ⤒㦂ࡘࡁ㸪ᚚ㏞ᝨࢆ ῭ࡲࡉࢀ࡞࠸གྷ⅏ࢆᡃࠎࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠾ࡅࡋࡓⓙᵝᑐࡋ㸪ᚰࡼࡾ࠾ルࡧ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲ ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪⤖ᒁࡣཎᅉ✲᫂ࡀ ࡍࠋㄔ⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ 220 ὀ 㸦1㸧ᣋⴭࠕࠗỤ†㸦ࡈ࠺ࡇ㸧᪂⪺࠘⚟ᆅḈ⑵ࠖ㸦ࠗ᪥ ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫ⣖せ࠘➨ 11 ྕ㸪2012 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧ࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤ㸪ྠᏛ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡛㸪㹆㹍㹋㹃>ᅗ᭩ 㤋>⣖せࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࣂࢵࢡࢼࣥࣂ࣮ࡶྵ ࡵ㸪ྠ⣖せࡢྕࡀ㜀ぴ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᮏ✏࠾ ࡅࡿ㹆㹎ࡢࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࡣ㸪࡚ 2015 ᖺ㸷᭶ 12 ᪥ࡍࡿࠋ http://www.kaichi.ac.jp/library/kiyo/ 㸦2㸧ࣈࣟࢢࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ྡྂᒇᏛ࡛ᩥᏛࡢ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀ ᚓࡉࢀࡓᩥᏛࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᑓᨷࡍ ࡿᏛၥࡶ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㠃㆑ࡣ࡞ ࠸ࠋ http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/fktouc18411906/114926 29.html 㸦3㸧ᣋⴭࠗᒣ⏣᪉㇂ᚁ㡑ㄽ࠘㸦᪥ᮏᏛᏛ㝔ࠗἲ Ꮫ◊✲ᖺሗ࠘➨ 32 ྕ㸪2003 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧ࠋ 㸦4㸧࠼ࡤ㸪 ࠕso-zou.jp㸦http://so-zou.jp㸧ࠖࡸࠕEnno 㸦http://enno.jp㸧ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢧࢺࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ 㸦5㸧࣐ࢡࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪〇ရࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ୍⎔࡛㹕㹃 㹀ୖ࡛ࡶᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᶵ⬟ࡸ⏝᪉ἲࢆ⤂ ࣭ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᧯స័ࢀ࡞⪅࡛ࡶࡇࢀࢆ Ẽ㍍࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ http://office.microsoft.com/ja-jp/word-help/HP0 10117963.aspx 㸦6㸧࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢྠ᭩࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ21 ᱁ᕪ♫ 㸦pp136-140㸧ࠖࢆᐑᮏ‶㸪ᮡᒣᖾ୍ඹྠ࡛ ᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ 㸦7㸧ᛕࡢࡓࡵ᩿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡀ㸪ᮏᩥ୰ࡢ“ ”࡛ᣓࡗࡓ 㒊ศࡣᘬ⏝࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡣูࡢ༢ㄒ⨨ࡁ ࠼࡚࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ✏ࢆጤဨ」ᩘྡ୍▌ࡋ࡚㡬 ࡁ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົゐࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡢᡤぢࢆᚓ ࡓࡇࡶゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦8㸧ẚ㍑ࡢᅗࡣ㸪ᣋⴭࠕᖥᮎࡢእ࣭ඃ㉺⩏ⓗ ᛮ⪃ᵝᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ୍⪃ᐹࠖ㸦᪥ᮏἲᨻᏛࠗἲ ᨻㄽྀ࠘➨ 42 ᕳ➨ 2 ྕ㸪2006 ᖺ 6 ᭶㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004763505 㸦9㸧௨ୗ㸪㈨ᩱձ㹼յࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࣃࢯࢥࣥഛࢃࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ Print Screen ᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚సᡂࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㈨ᩱղճࡣᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ㄗ㏦Ẽ࠸ࡓ㝿㸪ΰ↔⇱ࡢవࡾ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㒊ศࢆᾘཤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᙜࡢ ≧ἣࢆ⌧ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦10㸧ࣇࣝྡࡢ⮬ື┬␎ࡣ㸪⏝ࡍࡿ࣓࣮ࣝࢯࣇ ࢺࡸ Web ࣓࣮ࣝࢧࢺࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ ࡿࡀ㸪ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ http://answers.microsoft.com/ja-jp/outlook_com /forum/oemail-oattach/%E6%B7%BB%E4%BB %98%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4/4 658190b-f223-4463-bb9f-87a5ccdba8d8?tab=q uestion&status=AllReplies&status=AllReplies%2 CAllReplies 㸦11㸧ࡕ࡞ࡳ USB ࡣ“Universal Serial Bus”ࡢࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ㸪“Flash Drive”ࡸ“Flash Memory”࡞ᵝࠎ࡞⛠ࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 㸦12㸧⟶ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ㸪ࢭ࢟ ࣗࣜࢸ࣮ࣟࢵࢡࡸࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࣟࢵࢡᑐᛂ࠸ ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞⛠ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౯᱁ࡶ㸪 㸲㉸ࡢࡶࡢࡽᩘⓒࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛✀ࠎᵝࠎ ࡛㸪࣓ࣔࣜᐜ㔞ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ౯᱁ᕪࡀฟࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦13㸧⏝ࡋࡓ࢘ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺࡣ㸪ࢺࣞࣥࢻ࣐ ࢡࣟ♫ࡢ࢘ࣝࢫࣂࢫࢱ࣮㸪ࢩ࣐ࣥࢸࢵࢡ♫ࡢ ࣀ࣮ࢺࣥࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦14㸧ᮏ✏࡛ᢅࡗࡓࡘࡁ㸪ヨࡳ▱ᕫࡢ◊✲⪅ ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ㸰ྡᡤぢࢆఛࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࣃࢯࢥࣥ ࡢ⏝⎔ቃࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡛㸪᪉ࡶࡑࡇࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ཎᅉࡶࡣ ࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦15㸧ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡣ㸪ᮏົᰯࡢ⫋ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦16㸧࡞࠾㸪ᅧᏥ㝔Ꮵ㇂࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡓ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ㹇㹁㹒(Information and Communication Technology)౫ᣐࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ ∧₯ࡴ༴㝤㹼◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢ❧ሙࡽࡍࡿ㆙࿌ 㹼ࠖ࠸࠺ࢱࢺࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ↚҄܇↯ᨋᆱ Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with computerization of the working process in scholarly publication. Shugo Takigawa≍1 ⁅⁛‒ Recently, the progress of ICT is generating not only convenience but various problems in the field of scholarly publication. This paper is case study of some failures which I experienced as one university teacher: the confusion by programs of Spelling and Grammar checking, the transmission of inappropriate manuscript by an attached file, and the bugs of USB flash drive with a password function. We need to learn from unexpected mistakes, for academic freedom. äääääääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… scholarly publication, proofreading assistance, erroneous transmission of data, password protecting flash drives, risk management of data Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts kaichi International University KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 221 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀సရ㞟ࡢὀ㔘ࢆཧ⪃ࡋ ࡓ䣎 Grillparzers Werke. Hrsg. von Rudolf Franz. 4. Bd. Leipzig, Wien: Bibliographisches Institut o. J. (Meyers Klassiker-Ausgaben) ࢡࣛ࢘ࢹ䣵࣭࣐࢜ࢢࣜࢫ䥹㕥ᮌ㝯㞝䣍⸨ᛅ䣍ᮧᒣ㞞ேヂ䥺 䣕࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜᩥᏛ ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡ⚄ヰ䣖᭩⫔㢼ࡢⷴⷪ䣍୍ࠐ䣍୍ඵ㡫䣎 2 Franz Grillparzer: Sämtliche Werke. Ausgewählte Briefe, Gespräche, Berichte. Hrsg. von Peter Frank und Karl Pörnbacher. München (Hanser) 1964. Bd. 3, S. 1075. ༡ሯಙ࿃⦅䣕᪂∧ୡ⏺ྛᅜྐ୍ ࢻࢼ࣭࢘ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃྐ䣖ᒣᕝฟ∧♫䣍୍ 䣍୍୍㡫䣎 3 4 5 Jürgen Schröder: „Der Tod macht gleich“. Grillparzers Geschichtsdramen, S. 55, in: Gerhand Neumann und Günter Schnitzler (Hg.): Franz Grillparzer. Historie und Gegenwärtigkeit, Freibuurg i. B. (Rombach) 1994, S. 37-57. Franz Grillparzer: Selbstbiographie, S. 80, in: F. G., a.a.O. (Anm.4) Bd. 4, S. 20-178. Jürgen Schröder, a.a.O. S. 50. Franz Grillparzer: Sämtliche Werke. Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe, hg. von August Sauer und Reinhold Backmann, Wien (Gerlach u. Wiedling; seit 1916: Schroll u. Co.) 1909-48. Bd 8, S. 187. Vgl. Ulrich Fülleborn: Geschichtsdrama und geschichtliche Begebenheit. Ein Beitrag zum Thema „Grillparzer und Geschichte“, S. 202, in: Elfriede Neubuhr (Hg.): Geschichtsdrama, Darmstadt (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft) 1980. S. 189-207. Vgl. Franz Grillparzer, a.a.O. (Anm.9), Bd. 8, S. 176f. Franz Grillparzer: Ein treuer Diener seines Herrn, Vers 2002, in: F. G., a.a.O. (Anm. 4) BD. 1, S. 1162. ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀ࡢᡭ⣬ཧ↷䣎ᡭሯᐩ㞝䣍༓⏣ஓ䣍ᒾῡ㐩┘ಟ䣕ࢤ࢜ࣝࢡ࣭ࣅ䣻 䤀ࣄࢼ䤀㞟䣖Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫䣍୍ࠐ䣍୕୍භ㡫䣎 䣓ࡦࡾࡦࡾࡢே㛫ࡣἼ㛫ᾋࡪ࠶ࡪࡃࡍࡂࡎ䣍❧⪅ࡶࢇࡢഅ↛ࡢ⏘≀ ࡔࡋ䣍ኳᡯࡀ⤫ࡍࡿ࠸䣬ࡓ䣬࡚᧯ࡾேᙧ࡛䣍㕲ࡢἲ๎ᑐࡋ࡚✍༓࡞ᝏ ࠶ࡀࡁࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ䣍ࡇࢀࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡢࡀே㛫ࡣࡏ࠸࠸䣬ࡥ࠸࡛䣍ࡇࢀࢆᨭ 㓄ࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡞ࢇࡔ䣎䢧䢧ᚲ↛࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࠸ࡲࢃࡋ࠸࿚࠸ࡢゝⴥࡔ䣎ே 㛫ࡣࡇࡢὙ♩ࢆᤵࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢇࡔ䣔 䥹 ୰ᮧⱥ㞝ヂ䥺 223 6 7 9 8 10 12 11 13 ࡣ䣍࡞ࡐࡑ࠺࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࣥ㆟௨๓ࡢリே䥹ࢤ䤀ࢸࡽࢡࣛࢫࢺࡲ࡛䥺ࡢసရࡀ䣓ⱁ⾡ⓗ┿ᐇࡣṔ Ṥࡢᡙ᭤ࢆᖥᵓᡂࡋ䣍ࣈࣛࣥࢡࣦ䣴䤀ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࢘䣵䤀 ぢࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍ྂ⩏ࡢఏ⤫ࡢᮎ⿰ࡓࡽࢇࡍࡿࡢࡼ࠺䣍 ᭱㧗ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶䣬ࡓ 䣎▱ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃືⓗ࡞ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▐㛫ࡇࡑ䣍ᚰࡢෆ ࡏ࡞࠸䣍ࡑࢀࡀᙼࡢⱁ⾡䣬࡚ࡢ䣍↓⌮ゎ㝗ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆᏎࢇ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ᇉ㛫ぢࡉࡏࡘࡘ䣍ཷᐜ⪅ࡢឤぬឤᛶッ࠼࡚䣍ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ᭷↓ࢆゝࢃ ྜࡼࡃఱࡶࡶ㤳ᑿ୍㈏ࡍࡿ⌧ᐇ࡞࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡽ䣍ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୍⮴ࢆ 10 ྐⓗ┿ᐇඃඛࡍࡿ࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡢ⌮⩏ⓗᇶ┙ 䣔ࡢୖᡂࡾ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿ 7 ࡼ࠺సရࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃ䣎ࡑࢀࡀ䣍ࣜ ࡚ࡣ䣍ྠ௦ࡢࡢసᐙࡀᙧᘧୖࡢ⣙᮰ࢆ◚Რࡋ䣍ᩓᩥࡼ䣬࡚సရࢆ ࣜࢬ࣒௦ࡢリேࡓࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀≉᭷ࡢసἲ࡛࠶ࡿ 䣎ࡋࡶ䣍㒔 䢣 ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢᑐࡋ䣍⮬㌟ࢆ䣓ᩓᩥࡢ௦ධ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ᭱ᚋࡢリே 䣔 224 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ୍᪉䣍ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣓ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡋࡤࡋࡤ㦫ࡃ䣎⌧ᐇࡢࡇ ࢆ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡼࡾࡣࡿඃඛࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࣏࢚ࢪ䤀ࢆࡍ 䣬ࡾࡔ࠸࡞ࡋࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ 䣔୍ඵභᖺࡢ᪥グࡢ୰࡛៓Ⴣ ࡍࡿ䣎 ࡛ࡣ䣍ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⛣⾜ᮇ⏕ࡁࡓࡇࡢసᐙࡢᩥᏛⓗᡓ␎ࡣ࠸࡞ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 Ṕྐ࠸࠺ࢪ䣺࡛ࣥࣝࡣ䣍ㅖࠎࡢṔྐୖࡢฟ᮶ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⧅ࡂ࠶ࢃ ࡏ䣍ࡑࢀⓏሙே≀ࡢᚰ⌮ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⤡ࡵ࡚ࡺࡃࡀస⪅࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢ 㢟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎➃ⓗ࡞ࢆᣲࡆࡿ䣎䣓ᠱࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸ぢࡓ䣔 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍➨୕ᖥࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࠾࠸࡚䣍࡞ࡐࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺฟරࢆチྍࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ䣎⤖ᯝࡣண࠾ࡾ䣍ྲྀࡾ㏉ࡋࡢࡘ࡞࠸ኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡿ䣎ᐇᅾ ࡋࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࢀࡇࢀኳ⛗ࡅ࡚⬚⟬⏝ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡇࡢ⾜ື⤖ᯝࡣே⏕ࡢ⓶⫗ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄗ䣬ࡓ㑅ᢥ ࢆࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡼࡿࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍ࡢ ዟ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⚄ࡢ⛛ᗎࡀ䣓࠸㧗ࡁ⚄ࡢ⪅ࡓࡿഅ↛ 䣔࠸࠺ᙧࢆྲྀ䣬 11 䣎ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡢᚲ↛ࡣㅉほࢆಁࡋࡣࡋ࡚ࡶ↓ⓗ࡛ࡣ ࠺࡞ᢈホࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀ࡢᚲ↛ࡣே㛫ࢆࡋ࠸᧯ࡾேᙧࡍࡿ ࠾࠸࡚⤖ᯝⓗ㐣ࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ហ⾜ᐟ࠸䣬ࡓே⏕ࡢᶵᚤࡢࡼ ࡚ࡩ⌧ࢀࡿ⮳㧗ࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎࡛࠶ࡿࡽࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢ⾜ືࡣ䣍⌧ᐇ 12 ࡞࠸䣎ࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇࡀ㈼᫂ࡔศ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ࡘ࠸⾜ືฟ࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍Ṕྐࡀேࡢᛮᝨ↓㛵ಀືࡃ▐㛫࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡇࡢసᐙ ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸䣑അ↛䣒ࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ䣎ఙࡿࡿࡢุ᩿ࢆୗࡍ䣍⤖ ᯝࡀぢ࠾ࡏࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣎⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ䣍ேࡣⰋᚰࢆᤞ࡚࡚Ỵ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡃ ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ◚⁛ࡢ㐨ࢆࡓ䣬ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡑࢀࡣṔྐ䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕே 㛫ࡶྵࡵࡓ⮬↛ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢᚊⓗᐇࢆㄆࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 㡫䥺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 അ↛ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡇࡶᚲ↛࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣓ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ṇᙜᛶࡣ䣍⌧ᐇࡀࡑ ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿ䣔䥹 ὀ ‒ ‒ 㑅ᢥ⫥ẚ㍑⪃㔞ࡋุ࡚᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡘࡲࡾ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡢ࡞ ࠸ᚲ↛࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⌮⏤ࢆヮ⣴ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ⟅࠼ࡣぢࡘࡽ࡞࠸䣎┤๓ࡲ࡛⾜ 䢣 ᮏ✏ࡣ䣍௨ୗࡢᣋㄽࡢෆᐜࢆ㒊ศⓗㄝࡋࡓಶᡤࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ࠶ࡽ ࡌࡵ᩿ࢃ䣬࡚࠾ࡃ䣎 㜿㒊㞝୍䣓ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀䣕ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᘵத࠸䣖 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺ࣭ࣜ ࣅ䤀ࢲ䤀࣐ࣖ䤀ࡢ୍ᆺࡋ࡚ࡢṔྐసရ䣔 䥹୰ኸᏛேᩥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ⦅䣕ࣁ ࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᖇᅜࡢࣅ䤀ࢲ䤀࣐ࣖ䤀䣖୰ኸᏛฟ∧㒊䣍ࠐࠐ୕䣍୕䢣୕භ㡫䥺 ືࡍࡿពᛮࡀ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡞ࡐ⨫ྡࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡢពᛮࡸࣞ ࠶ࡿ࠸ 䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡢ⇕ពࡣ↓㛵ಀ䣍࠸ࢃࡤࡀ‶ࡕ࡚ࡦࡾ࡛⏕ࡌࡿฟ᮶ 䢣 257 8 ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ฟ᮶యࡢὶࢀࡽ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ 13 1 9 䥹 㡫䥺 ୡ㛫࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡶ㸽 ࡶ䣬ࡶ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ䣎ྂࡁࡶࡢࡣཤࡾ䣍 ᪂ࡋࡁࡶࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎 㐩ほࡋ࡚䣍ୡࡢ୰ࡶே⏕ࡶ࠺࡞ࢁ࠺ྠࡌࡇ䣍ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎࡛ࡣ䣍ྂ࠸ࡶࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࠺࠸࠺㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࡢ䣎ࢢࣜ ࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ࠶ࡿᩥ❶䥹୍ඵᅄᅄᖺ䥺ࡢ୰࡛ࡇ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䣓ࢽࣄ࣭ࣝ ࢡ ᐙ ࡢ ᖇ ᅜ ⌮ ᛕ ࢝ ࢺ ࣜ 䣹 ࢡ ࡢ ᬑ 㐢 ⩏ ࡢ ᰿ ᮏ ࡀ ྰ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ࡛ ࠶ 䣬ࡓ 䣔 䣎࠾ࡑࡽࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓṔྐⓗᐇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᖇࡢᔂᚚࢆሗ࿌ࡋ᮶ࡓࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡣ䣍࡞ࡽࡠࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺྥ 䣬࡚၈✺䣍 Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ㄡࡋࡶṚࢆචࢀࡿࢃࡅࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 㡫䥺 ࡇࡢ㢟ࡣࡃṇࡋ࠸䣎ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢ䣍ྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡣᗘᡠࡽ࡞࠸䣍࠸࠺ ௦ࡣ䣍ேຓࡅࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖ䣍ᡭ࠺ษࡾᢤࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ䣔 䥹 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡽࡢ㑇ゝࡢࡼ࠺ㄒࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ┤๓ࡶ䣍䣓 䥹 㢟ࡃྠᵝṇࡋ࠸䣎䢧䢧ᖖ᪂ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ≧ἣࡢ୰࠶ࡿྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡀୡ⏺ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫゝࢃࢀ䣍ࢃࡀୡࡢࡢ฿᮶ࢆ႐ࡪࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣฟ㰯ࢆ ࡾࡅࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸௦ᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆỴ᩿࡛ࡁࡎ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᅋ⮳ࡿ┤๓ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡇࡢㅉほࡇࡑࡀྂ࠸᰾࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᐇࡣࡇࡢసရࡢ ㏻ዌప㡢࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 劣ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ勊勖ࡢ₇ ㏨ࡉ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎୕༑ᖺᡓத࠾࠸࡚ᙼࡣ䣍ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡼ䣬 ୡ䣍ᅾ୍භ୍䢣୕䥺ࡣྂ࠸᰾ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ䣍ࡘ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᪉ࢆぢ ࡛ࡣ䣍᪂௦ࢆᢸ࠺ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䥹⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡋࡓ䣍ྠ௦ࡢࢤ࢜ࣝࢡ࣭ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀䥹୍ඵ୍୕䢣୕䥺ࡢ䣕ࢲࣥࢺࣥ ゝ࠸࠼࡚䣍ึᮇࣜࣜࢬ࣒䥺ゝࢃࢀࡿ䣎ࢽࣄࣜࢬ࣒ࡸ ୡ ⏺ ⱞ ࢆసရ ྐୖ࡛ࡣᚋᮇ࣐ࣟࣥ⩏ࡽࣜࣜࢬ࣒ࡅ࡚ࡢ㐣Ώᮇ䥹࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࢆ ୕᭶๓ᮇ࠸࠺䣍ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡀసᐙࡋ࡚άືࡋࡓ௦ࡣ䣍ᩥᏛ ࡚ࢆᚓࡓࡾࡶࡍࡿࡀ䣍ែࡣ୍㐍୍㏥䣍ࡘ࠸ࡣࡑࡢࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ ࡢṚ䣖䥹୍ඵ୕䥺ࡸࢡࣜࢫࢸ䣵࣭ࣥࢹ䣵䤀ࢺࣜࣄ࣭ࢢࣛ䣹࣋䥹୍ඵࠐ୍ ࣥࢆᬯẅࡉࡏࡓࡇࢆ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣྐᐇࡋ࡚▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎≬ಙⓗ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹 䢣୕භ䥺ࡢ䣕ࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥ䣖 䥹୍ඵ୕୍䥺ྠᵝ䣍 䣕ᘵத࠸䣖ࡶ䣍ᮍ᮶࡞࠸ࡋ ࣦ䣷ࣝࢺ࣭ࢩ䣻࣓ࣝࢶ ࢡಙᚐࡢᙼࡶ⤖ᒁࡣᚿ࡞ࡽࡎࡋ࡚ୡࢆཤ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢᚋ䣍୍භᅄඵᖺᡓதࢆ 㡫䥺ࡢࡇࡔࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 235 ᮍ᮶ࡢࣃ䤀ࢫ࣌ࢡࢸ䣵ࣈࡢ࡞࠸Ṕྐ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍Ṕྐࡀே㛫ⓗ࡞㐍 㡫䥺ࡣ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢྠࡌ⛉ⓑ䥹➨୍ᖥ䣍 ᖇࡢ↓Ⅽࡢᚚ௦ࢆ⸽ࡽࡏጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡓ࠼ࡤ䣍ᙼࡢ䣓ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣔䥹➨ ᖥ䣍 㡫䥺 ࡢỌ㐲ࡢཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎Ṕྐࢆ㐺ษᛂ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸≧ἣ ࡚䣍᪂ࡋ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᪉ࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆぢ㏨ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ 䣔 ࡃࡌࢀࡿ䣎⚄ࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ➨୍⩏ࡋ䣍㐍Ṍࢆࡍࡿస⪅䣬࡚䣍౧ࡋ࠸ ࣀࣦ䣵࣭࣭࣒ࣥࣥࢻ䣍ேࡣゝ࠺䣍ࡇࡢୡ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇࡣఱࡶ㉳ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 5 ࡽྂ࠸᰾ࢆ๕ᢔࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ྂ࠸ᵓᡂせ⣲┠ࢆዣࢃࢀ 235 245 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣ䣍▱ᜨ⪅ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᨭᣢࢆྲྀ 4 ⤊⤖ࡉࡏࡓࣦ䣷ࢫࢺࣇ䣴䤀ࣞࣥ᮲⣙ࡣ䣍 䣓ࢻࢶㅖ࡞ᅜᐙᶒࢆㄆ 285 Ṍⓗᛶ᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ಙ௮ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ 䣎ࡲࡓᙧᘧ㛵ࡋ 235 ࡵ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢྠᶒࡶබㄆࡋࡓ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝ 6 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 225 㡫࠾ࡼࡧヂὀ㸰䥺 ␗㆟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋࡶ᪂௦ࡢ⏦ࡋᏊࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀࢫ࢟ࢱࡸࣁࢨ䤀ࣝ࠸䣬 ࡅ๓ࢆ䣍࠸ࡸ䣍㒊ࡼࡇࡏ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡀከᩘὴ࡛䣍ᙉ⪅࡞ࢇࡔࡽ䣎࠶ࢇࡓࡽ ᭱ᗏ㎶ࡽ䣍ぢࡿࡶ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ࡅ≀ࡀ㏺࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎䢧䢧࠾ࢀࡶศ ࢝ࢨ䤀 ࡓ ␗ Ẹ ᪘ ࡽ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 䣍 ⓚ ᖇ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ୰ ࡽ ⏕ ࡲ ࢀ ࡓ 䥹 ྠࡌே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽᶒࢆ䣍࡞䣔 㡫䥺 䣎ࡇࡢ㝵⣭ᩘࡢຊ࡛ᢲ ࡼ࠺䣍᪂௦ࡢࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕࡶࡲࡓ䣍ᡤࡢዀ≮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢜䤀ࢫ ࢺࣜᖇᅜ⮬㌟ࡢෆ㒊ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ᅛᏲࡢ❧ሙࢆࡿ⪅䣬୍࡚Ṍࡶ㏥ࡅ࡞࠸ែ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡀ༴ᶵព㆑ࡢ ㈗᪘⩏ࡶྲྀࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࡴࡋࢁ䣍࣐ࢢࣜࢫࡼࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡢᛮ࣭ ࡓ೧࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡍࡓࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺༴ࢆ࠸ࡔࡃ䣎ហ࡞⾗ࢆぢࡃࡔࡍ ⌧๓࡛࠶ࡾ㢧ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍⌧ᐇࡢ≧ἣࢆࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇୡࡢ௦ 䢣 ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎Ṕྐୖ䣍↓Ⅽ↓⟇ㄦㅫࡉࢀࡿࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡔࡀ䣍సရ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆ㏫ ࠼ࡿࡇⱞࡋࡴࡇ䣔 䥹 ྥ࠺ὶ ࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸṆ ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ ศ 䣬࡚ ࠸ࡓࡣ ࡎ ࡞ࡒࡽ࠼ࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍Ṕྐࡢ㊅ໃࡋ࡚◚ᒁ 䢣 㡫䥺ゝ࠸䣍 ࡚ ᅜ ᐙࡢศ ᡭ䣬࡚䣍䣓ᠱࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸ぢࡓ䣔䥹 ᗎࢆቯࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ࠸࡞ࡿ㐍Ṍࡶࡶࡣࡸ⫯ᐃࡋ࠼ࡎ䣍 㡫䥺࡞ࡢࡔ䣎⚄ࡼ䣬࡚ࡑࡇࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓ⛛ ⋤ࡋ࡚࠸ᛮ៖ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍⋤࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡢ㔜せᛶ ࡋࢁ䣍୰ᚰⅬࡀᚲせࡔࡽ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎䢧䢧✭ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ䣍㇏సࡶ ᅄ劣Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ⓚᖇࡑࡢྲྀࡾᕳࡁᑐࡍࡿᥟྲྀࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩗ⨥ ࡞࠸㔜࡞⾜ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ࠼䣍࣎ 䣓㈼᫂ࡓࡵࡽ࠺䣔ゝ࠺ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡔࡀ䣍సရࡢ୰࡛୕ᗘ䣍ᚋᡠࡾ࡛ࡁ ၥࢃࢀࡡ࡞࠸⛉ⓑࡣ䣍⏕๓බ⾲ࡍࡿពᛮࡀ࡞䣬ࡓࡽࡇࡑ᭩ࡅࡓࡢࡔ ࣑࣊➼᪘ࡢせồࢆཷࡅ࡚ສチ≧⨫ྡࡋ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡢ㐍 㡫䥺ࡢᙇࡣ䣍ᙜࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ ࢁ࠺䣎స⪅ࡣ䣍㒓ᅵឡࡣᙉ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᙜࡢⓚᖇࡸᐓ┦࣓䣹ࢸࣝࢽࣄࡣᢈ ㌷ࢆチྍࡋࡓ䣎࠸ࡎࢀࡶ䣍ᙼࡢᛮ⪃ཎ⌮ࡽࡍࢀࡤ䣍᪩ィ࡞⾜Ⅽ䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ Ⅽࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡉࡏ䣍ᙼࡀఱࡼࡾࡶᚷ㑊ࡋࡓ䣬ࡓෆᡓྥ࠺ṔྐࡢṌࡳࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿ⾜ ุⓗࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎࠶ࡲࡘࡉ࠼䣍ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ఱᗘࡶ᳨㜀ไᗘⱞỒࢆ㣧ࡲࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎 ࡚ࡁࡓ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡇ࠺ゝ࠺䣎 ࡍ࡚ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾ䣍⮬ศࡢ௦ࡀཤࡾ䣍㌾⚗ࡉࢀࡿ㌟࡞䣬ࡓ䣍ᙼࡣゼࡡ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍సရ୰࡛༑ୡ⣖ࡽ㐓⬺ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹䣓ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸ࡣ 䣬ࡓ௦䣍ປാ⪅ഃ⌮ゎࡣ♧ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢⅬ ࡉࡽ䣍ປാ⪅㝵⣭ࡀྎ㢌ࡋ䣍ᨻᗓࡀゝㄽࡸᨻάືࢆᑒẅࡋࡁࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ ࢆᢲࡋࡵ䣍⌧ᐇࡢᨻయࢆㆤᣢࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ䣎 ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡍࡁ࡛࡞䣬ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ䣍ᖇᅜࡢΰࢆቑ ࡓࡲࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍 సࡀ ࡓࡧࡓࡧࡔ䣔 263 ࡑࢀࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ⱞࡋ⣮ࢀࡶྲྀࡾ࠺ࡿリྃࢆ୪࡚ࡲ࡛䣍㏕ࡾࡃࡿ᪂௦ 265 ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ಙࡌࡽࢀࡿᮍ᮶ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢసရࡣ⏕๓࠾࠸࡚ୡၥ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬 㡫䥺⋤ᶒୡくࡢ᭷ຠᛶ䥹 䣓┦⥆ᶒ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡀ 244 ᑗ᮶ࡶ೧࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ぢ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ᖇᅜࡸᅜᐙᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔᛮ࠺䣎ࡴ ࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔ䣔 3 265 䥹䣓ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢୡࢆ᮰ࡡࡿ⤎ࡔ䣎⮬㌟ࡣఱࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓࢇࡀ䣍᮰ࡡᙺࡔ 䣍 䣍ࡣ䣍⚄ࡢᜠᑋᑐࡍࡿෑ℔ࢆពࡋ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ഇၿⓗ࡞ ᨻᗓ≧ែࢆ⏕ࡳ䣍ᶒ 䣍➼ 䣍ࡣ䣍㔝⻅㏻ࡌࡿ 䣔 ᖹ 䥹ഐⅬ➹⪅䥺 䣎ࡺ࠼䣍ே㛫ࡢᮏ᮶ࡢᶒࡣ䣓㣚 䣍⏤ 䣍ࡣ䣍⪷࡞ࡿ⤎ࢆ᩿ࡕษ䣬࡚䣍↓⛛ᗎ↓ ಙ᮲ࡢㄝ᫂⪥ࢆഴࡅࡓ࠸䣎䣓⮬ 263 ෆ䣍ࡑࡋ ࡋษࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᇵ䣬࡚ࡁࡓⱁ⾡䣍Ꮫၥ䣍ᅜᐙ䣍ᩍ࠸䣬 263 226 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡼࡃࡤⓚᖇࡢᚋ⥅ᣦྡࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ┠ㄽࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ䣎 බࡢᥦࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ䣎ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣ䣍࣑࣎࣊⋤ࡢᚋ⥅䣍ࡉࡽ࠶ࢃ ࡣ䣍ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࢆ䣬࡚࣑࣎࣊ࡢᢠࢆᡴ◚ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡋⓚᖇࡣࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࣜ䤀࣋ࣥ༠ᐃᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄔᐇ࡛䣍⨫ྡࡢ᪥ᚋ ⨫ྡࡍࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ᐀ᩍࡢ⮬⏤ࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࡋ ⏫ࢆไᅽࡍࡿ䣎ᭀ⊋⸘ࡀᇛෆࡲ࡛ཬࡪ⮳䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇࡣㆡṌࡋ䣍ສチ≧ ࡲࡍ⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ䣍ࡘ࠸୍භ୍ඵᖺ䣍๓ᖺࡽ࣑࣎࣊⋤࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࣇ䣷 ᘓタࡀ㏵୰࡛ᕪࡋṆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀ㢮ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀᑿࢆᘬࡁ䣍ࡘࡲࡍ ࡢಟ㐨㝔㛗ࡢ␗㆟ࡼࡾ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᙜヱᩍ༊ᘓ࡚࡚࠸ࡓᩍࡢ ࡽࡢࡓ࠼ࡊࡿᡓ࠸ࡀᏳࢆເࡽࡏࡿࡽࡔ䣎୍භ୍୍ᖺࡍ࡛ࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘ ⓚᖇࡶ⥅ᢎࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡇࡢᶒຊࢆ႐ࡤ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡾࢃࡅ䣍ୡくᆅࡢ➼᪘ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡣ୍භ୍ᖺ䣍༑ṓ࡛Ṛཤࡍࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࡘ࠸ సရࡢෆᐜ㐪䣬࡚䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබࡣ䣍 䥹ᑐᢠ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡢ୍⎔䥺Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ➼᪘ࡀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁᇛ࡛❆ ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡼࡿ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ ᐇ㝿ࡣ୍භ୍ࠐᖺ௨㝆࡞䣬࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡸࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ እᨺᨈ௳䥹ヂὀ 䥺ࢆ ㉳ࡇ ࡋ䣍୕༑ᖺᡓதࡀຨⓎࡍࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀࡽ ࡞ ࡢ΅࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ࡇࡢⅬ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡀ࣑࣎࣊ྜពࡋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁධᇛࡋࡓ࠸࠺ྐᐇࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡿ䣎ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබࡀ΅ࡍࡿࡀᡂᯝࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡣ࣑࣎࣊ රඵ༓䣍㥽රᅄ༓ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ䣎ࡑࡢໃຊ⬣ጾࢆឤࡌࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡶฟරࡍ ➨ᅄᖥࡣ୍භ୍୍ᖺ᭶ࡽ୕᭶ࡅ࡚ࡢ௳ࢆᥥࡃ䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡣṌ ゼၥࡋࡓࡁ䣍ᙼࡢ௧ࡼࡾ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀࡓ䥹ヂὀ ᨺࡋ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ䣍࣍䤀ࣇࣈࣝࢡ࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥබࢆ ࡢ୍ὴࡣ䣍ᙼࡽ䣬࡚མࢃࡋ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣍ⓚᖇࡢഃ㏆ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆ㏣ ࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓ࡚䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢᐑᘐ࠾ࡅࡿᙼࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵᙼ 㐍㌷ࡋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡢሀ࠸Ᏺഛࢆ◚ࡾ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᆅ༊ࢆ༨ᣐࡍࡿࡀ䣍 ࣝࢆኻ䣬ࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣഈൿࡶྠ↛࡞ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢࡁࡽ䣍බࡓࡕ䣍 సရࡢ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡘࡲࡓᅵྎ࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ☜ సရ࡛ࡣ䣍࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇㅰ⨥ࡋ᮶ࡿሙ㠃 ᇳࡣ䣍ከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ༑ୡ⣖ࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜᖇᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ࢼࢩ䣼ࢼ ࢆ⧅ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿䣍ᮇࡣ㐪࠺ࡀ䣍୍භ୍ࠐᖺ࠶䣬ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ ࡾྜ࠺䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡀ䣓ࡍ࡚ࡢ㒊ศࡀࡲࡲ䣬࡚య࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣ䣍ศ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ⪏࠼࡞࠸䣔 䥹ᣋヂ 㡫䣎௨ୗ䣍సရࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣ㡫ᩘࡢࡳグ ࡢ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢἐᖺࡽ୕༑ᖺᡓதຨⓎࡲ࡛ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ࢚ ࡍ䥺ゝ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡋ࡚ಖᏲὴࡢస⪅ࡼࡿ䣍⊂❧㐠ືᑐࡍࡿ ➨ᖥࡣሙᡤࢆ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ ⋤ ᐑ ⛣ࡋ䣍୍භ୍ᖺࡽ୍භ୍ඵᖺࡲ࡛ ࣍䤀ࣇࣈࣝࢡ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ 㰘 ྿ࡍ ࡿ ㅖ Ẹ ᪘ ᨭ 㓄 Ẹ ᪘࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢻ ࢶ ே ࡢ ᑐ ❧ ࡢᵓ ᅗ 㔜 ࡞ 64 ࡿ䣎 2 䥺 䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ ࣉࣛࣁࡢ୰ᯡ࡛࠶ࡿᪧᕷ⾤ࡢไᅽኻᩋࡍࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢᩆ㒊㝲ࡀᩛ ࡾࢃࡅࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀᨻࡢᑟ⪅࡞ࡿ 䣎 ඛ㐵㝲ࡀࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕥᓊ䥹ヂὀ㸴䥺ࢆ༨ᣐࡍࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡢ㏨ஸࢆᜍࢀ࡚䣍ᇛࡢᗯ ୗࡸᗞ␒රࡀ⨨ࢀࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣ⾜㐍ࡋ࡚ධᇛ䣍㡿㑥㆟ࡢ⥲࡛ ࣑࣎࣊⋤ᐉࡏࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ㏥ࢆᢎㅙࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸䣎 ୕劣༑ୡ⣖ࡢ࢜勖ࢫࢺࣜᖇᅜ ࢆ㏣࠸ᡶ࠸䣍࣓ࣛ䤀ࡶࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡶ㏥༷ࡋ䣍࣑࣎࣊ර࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ ࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤ࡶᑵࡃ䣎ࢫ࣌ࣥᩍⓚࡽ 67 ࣆࣟ䤀ࢢࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 227 244 ୕༑ᖺᡓதࡢⅆ✀࡞ࡿ䣎᐀ᩍᑐ❧ࡀࡇࢀ῝้࡞ែࢆᣍ࠸ࡓࡢࡣ䣍 ࡇࡢ‶ࡀࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃྛᆅ࡛ࡃࡍࡪࡾ⥆ࡅ䣍ᚎࠎࡁࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡁ䣍ࡘ࠸ ࢱࣥࢺࡢㅖ᐀ὴࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ಶேࡢಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡞ࡾ䣍㡿ࡢ᐀ᩍࡀࡑࡢᆅࡢ᐀ᩍ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࣝࢱ䤀ὴ௨እࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫ ࡞ࡃ⤫ᖊᶒ䥺 䣎 ࢆࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⥲╩௵ࡍࡿ࠸࠺୍Ⅼࡢࡳྠពࡍࡿ䥹సရ࡛ࡣ⥲╩࡛ࡣ ᙼࡽࡀᘬࡁୗࡀࢁ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛΅ࡣᛂࡌࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ බࡓࡕࡢ᮶ゼࡢࡓࡵᶵ᎘࡞ࡾ䣍ࡲࡓᙼࡽᑐࡍࡿ⊜ᚰࢆເࡽࡏࡿࡀ䣍 ᖇ༶ࡋࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇୡࡣ䣍ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃࡢ⋤㈗᪘ࡢ୰࡛ᙜ௦㝶୍ࡢᩍ ࢘ ࢡ ࢫ ࣈ ࣝ ࢡ ࡢ ᐀ ᩍ ㆟ ࡽ ⣙ ༑ ᖺ ᚋ ࡢ ୍ භ ᖺ ⚄ ⪷ ࣟ 䤀 ࣐ ⓚ ࡣ䣍ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝᨭὶࡢࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴ᕝࡀྜὶࡍࡿࢺࣟࢡ㏆ࡢ㝕Ⴀ࡚䣍ࢺ ࡿࡇࢆ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᐙ㛗㑅ࡪ䥹࢘䣵䤀ࣥ༠ᐃ䥺 䣎༑୍᭶ ࢺ䣚ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢᘵ䣛䥺ࡀ༠㆟ࡋ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබࢆ䣍ᖺ㛗⪅࡛࠶ 㣴ே࡛䣍ⱁ⾡ࡸ㘐㔠⾡䣍༨ᫍ⾡࡞ࡢࣃࢺࣟࣥࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᨻ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣṤ ࣝࢥࡢㅮ⥾⤖⮳ࡿ䥹ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡㅮ༠ᐃ䣍ヂὀ 䥺 䣎ࡇࢀ ↓Ⅽ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢫ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣝࣥࢫ ➨ᖥࡣ୍භࠐභᖺࡢ≧ἣࢆᥥࡃ䣎ᅄ᭶䣍࢘䣵䤀࡛ࣥබࡓࡕ䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀 ௦࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࣜࢬ࣒┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣍᐀ᩍࡀಶேࡢࢹࣥࢸ䣵ࢸ䣵ࡢᣐࡾᡤ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㏆⌧ 228 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 䣹ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᗘᕪ࠶ࡾᛮᝨ࠶ࡾ䣍≬ಙⓗ࡞ಙ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤ䣍 ࡢ௦⌮ே࡛࠶ࡿ䣎↓ㄽ䣍ࡑࡢฟ⮬࡛࠶ࡿࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢேࠎࡶⓙ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ ⓚᖇ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡽ㤶Ἔࢆሬࡽࢀࡓ䣍ୡୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿ⚄ ⣙ࡍࡿࡑࡪࡾࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎 ࣝࣇࡣᘵࡓࡕࢆ㑊ࡅ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣑࣎࣊⋤ⓚᖇࡢᚋ⥅ࢆ☜ ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍ᙼ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ㝤ᝏ࡞ࡿ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻ ࡼࡾ䣍࡞ࡾࡢᆅᇦࡀࢺࣝࢥ㡿࡞ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣࡇࡢㅮࢆᢈ ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ㥑ᘬࡁ࠾ࡢࢀࡢά㊰ࢆぢฟࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸࡚䣍Ỵࡋ 23 ୍࡚ᯛᒾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡋࡶⓚᖇࡢࡍࡄୗࡢᘵ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣ㔝ᚰᐙ࡛䣍ⱝ࠸ ࡶⓚᖇࡣ㡹ࡋ࡚ࢺࣝࢥࡢㅮࢆᢎㄆࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡇ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࣁࣥ ➨୕ᖥ࡛ࡣ୍භࠐඵ䢣ࠐᖺࡢᨻ≧ἣࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿ䣎୍භࠐඵᖺධ䣬࡚ ࡽࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ௰ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎୍ඵᖺࡽඵࠐᖺ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡛䣍ࢫ࣌ ࢞ࣜ䤀࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ➼᪘䥹ヂὀ 䥺䣍୍භࠐභᖺࡢ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ༠ᐃ࠾ ࣥ ࡽ ࡢ ⊂ ❧ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࣉ ࣟ ࢸ ࢫ ࢱ ࣥ ࢺ ࡢ ེ ㌷ ඹ ㅛ ࡋ࡚ ⥲ ╩ ࡢ ᆅ ࢆ ᚓࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ኻᩋࡍࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⾜ືࡼࡾ䣍ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡉࡽᝏࡋ䣍࣐ࢸ ࡼࡧࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡ༠ᐃࢆሀᣢࡍࡿ㊃᪨ࡢ༠⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍ࡉࡽ࣑࣎࣊ 䥺ࢆὴ㐵ࡋ࡚㌷ⓗᅽຊࢆࡅࡓࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ຍ┕ࡍࡿ䣎ࡋࡋ࣑࣎࣊ ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡶຍ┕ࢆࡧࡅࡿ䣎ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡀࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀䥹ヂὀ 㛤ࡅࡿ䣎 䣵䤀ࢫࡣࣜࣥࢶ⚗㊊ࢆࡌࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ๓ྐࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࡣᖥࢆ 3 ㉱ࡁ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛ࡢᣦࢆጤ௵ࡋ䣍ᙼࢆᚋ⥅⪅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍 ࣝࢥᖇᅜ䥺ࡢໃࢆ៧៖ࡍࡿබࡓࡕࡣࣜࣥࢶ࡛༠㆟ࡋࡓ࠶ᖇ㒔ࣉࣛࣁ 䢣୍භࠐභ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡྩᅜࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᅜᑐ࢜ࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺ 䣕ᘵத࠸䣖➨୍ᖥࡣ୍භࠐᖺࡢฟ᮶ࢆᢅ࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥᡓத䥹୍୕ ᙼࡽࡢせồ䣍ศࡅ࡚ࡶಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆᢎㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡿ䣎➼᪘ࡣṊຊッ࠼䣍 ࡞ࡾ䣍ࢺࣝࢥࡢㅮࡶᢎㄆࡉࢀࡿ䣎୍᪉䣍࣑࣎࣊ࡢ➼᪘ࡣࡓ࠼ࡎⓚᖇ䣍 ࢞ࣜ䤀䣍ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡀ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫጤㆡࡉࢀࡿ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡶᙼࡀᚋ⥅⪅ ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫㆡṌࡋ䣍୧⪅㛫࡛ࣜ䤀࣋ࣥ༠ᐃࡀ⤖ࡤࢀ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ䣍ࣁࣥ ࡢ➼᪘ࡣ䣍⮬ศࡓࡕࡢせồࢆ⊂ຊ࡛ⓚᖇᢎㄆࡉࡏࡿ㐨ࢆ㑅ࡪ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ࣐ ༠ྠ࡛ⓚᖇࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿ䣎ୡ⏺ࡽ㝸⤯ࡋࡓ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⓚᖇࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍 37 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ୍劣ࡣࡌࡵ ᚐ ‒ ‒ ᫆ ᩥ䣍㢼➼ࢆᢈホࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣍⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿṔྐ ୡ⏺ࡣసရࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭࡾࡸᵓᅗࡍࡂࡎ䣍ฟ∧ࡸୖ₇ࡀ⾜ࢃ ࢀࡿ௦ࢆㄞࡴࡇࡢ࠺㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨ࢀࡿゝ䣬࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ‒ ࡢ⏤᮶ ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ䣍ヂὀ 䣍 䣍 䥺䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡣᐇ㝿ࣇࣜ࢜ ࡢ୕ேࡣࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ䥹ே≀ീ ே≀ࡀṔྐୖࡢே≀࡛࡞ࡃ䣍స⪅ࡢస࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࡔࡅ࡛ࡶศࡿ䣎ࡑ ᐇ䣍ࡑࡢពᅗࡶ࠶䣬࡚ᮏసရࡀᐇ࡞࠸ࡲࡐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ䣍୕ேࡢⓏሙ ゎỴ⬟࡞ࡲ࡛ࡶࡘࢀࡓᨻᏳࡢ୰࡛䣍࠺ືࡇ࠺ࡶែࡢᝏࢆಁ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣍ୡ⏺ࡣ☜ᐇᡓதྥ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡓࡔࡦࡾ䣍◚ᒁࡢ ࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀䥹୍୍䢣୍ඵ䥺ࡼࡿ␌⏕ࡢṔྐᝒ 䣕ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᘵத࠸䣖 䥹௨ୗ䣍 䣕ᘵத࠸䣖 䣎ไస㛤ጞ୍ඵᅄᖺ䣍 ࡋ࠸௦ࡢ᮲⌮ࢆලయⓗぢࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡀࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡉࢇࡊࢇࡁࡲࢃࢀࡓᮎㅝࢀ࡞ࡃẅᐖࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍᪂ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே≀ࡀ࠸࡚ࡶ⮬↛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࡏࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ື᭱ᮇࡣస⪅ࡢస࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᚋ⪅ࡣ䣍ᕷẸࡢ௦⾲ࡋ୍࡚භࠐࠐᖺ௦ 2 ඵᖺ䥺ࡣ䣍㐣ཤࡢ⯆῝࠸⌧㇟ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ΅⊟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝ ࡓ᪉ἲࢆ᥈䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡇࡋࡓ࠸䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢ๓ࡲࡎ䣍సရࡢᅵྎ࡞䣬࡚ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ䣍స⪅ࡀᮏసࡇࡵࡓྵព䣍సရࢆᙧᡂ࣭ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ ࣇୡࡢ௦䣍◚⁛ࢆணឤࡉࡏࡿ༑ୡ⣖୰ⴥࡢ⌧ᐇࡀ┦ఝᙧࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ୍୍ᖺ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵࣭ࣥࣝࢱ䤀ࡀ䣓༑᮲ࡢㄽ㢟䣔ࢆබ⾲ࡋ䣍ࡇࢀ ࢺࣜᖇᅜࡢ⌧≧ࢆࡉࡾࡆ࡞ࡃᚸࡤࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࢆ⯙ྎ༑ୡ⣖ ࢆዎᶵࡋ࡚᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡣጞࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡢ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࢝䤀ࣝୡ䥹ᅾ୍ ࡢ࢜ 䤀 ࢫ ୍ඵ୍ᅄᖺࡢ࢘䣵 ࠸ࡿṔྐ䣍సရ࠾ࡅࡿྐᐇࡢ␗ྠࢆぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎 䢣 ࡋࡍࡿస⪅ࡢ⮳ⱁゝ࠺ࡁ䣎స⪅ࡣ୕᭶๓ᮇ 䢣 ึ㢌ࡽ୕༑ᖺᡓத䥹୍භ୍ඵ䢣ᅄඵ䥺ࡢຨⓎ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ䣍ୡ⏺ࢆ ୍䢣භ䥺ࡣࣟ䤀࣐ᩍࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ䣓ࡦࡘ࡞ࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍඹྠయ䣔 ࡔࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶ䣍సရࡋ࡚⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤖ᛶࢆせồࡉࢀࡿṔྐᩥᏛࡣṔྐグ ࢺࡢ⇤ཎࡢⅆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ఏຊࡣṆࡵࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍୍ᖺ ࡢάࢆᶆᴶࡋ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺㅖࢆᢚ࠼㎸ࡶ࠺ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ ㏙㐪䣬࡚䣍༢㐣ཤࡢྐᐇࡢࡳᇶ࡙࠸࡚᭩ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡤ ࡢ䣓࢘ࢡࢫࣈࣝࢡࡢ᐀ᩍ㆟䣔࡛࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ⤫୍ⓗᨭ㓄ࡣ⤊ࢃࡿࡇ ࢸ䤀ࢮ ㄞࡳゎࡃࡓࡵࡢᛮ⣴ࡢࢻ࣐ࣛ❧࡚ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䤀 ࣥ ㆟ ࡽ ୍ ඵ ᅄ ඵ ᖺ ࡢ ୕ ᭶ 㠉 ࡀ ጞ ࡲ ࡿ ࡲ࡛ ࡢ ௦ ༊ ศ 劣సရୡ⏺ࡢṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒ ࡿㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡶ㐣ཤ⌧ᅾࢆ㔜 ⬺✏୍ඵᅄඵᖺ䣍௨ᚋࡶṚ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛᥎ᩙࢆ⥆ࡅ䣍㑇సࡋ࡚ึ₇࣭ฟ∧୍ 䥺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍᪂ᪧࡩࡓࡘࡢ௦ࡢࡣࡊࡲ࡛ႍࡄᙼࡢ⾜ ࠸࠺᪩ୡࡋࡓᗢᏊࡀ࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࠸࠺ࢿ䤀࣑ࣥࢢࡽࡍ࡛స⪅ࡢ ࢀࡿ䣎 බ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࡢேࡢ⏕ࡁࡊࡲࢆぢࡏ䣍ᛮࢆㄒࡿࡇ㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨ 㐨➽ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓேࡣఱࢆ⪃࠼䣍࠺⾜ືࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ䣎࠸ࡸ䣍⟅࠼ࡀ 5 ⟇␎ࡣ᫂ࡽࡔ䥹ヂὀ 4 ᮎୡࡋ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡽࡣ䣍ࡍࡁ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸䣎స⪅ࡀே 2 ‣ ࡾ䣍㐣ཤࡢṔྐࢆㄞࡳゎࡃࡶ䣍ࡑࢀᑐẚࡋ࡚ᙜ௦ࡢᨻࡸ♫䣍 229 ୍භ୍୍ᖺ䣍࣑࣎࣊➼᪘ࡀࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡽ࣑࣎࣊⋤ࢆዣࡋࡓ࠶䣍࣐ࢸ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍භᖺ䣍ᯡᶵཀ࡞ࡿ䣎 䣵䤀ࢫࡣ࣑࣎࣊⋤࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 59 ࣁࣈࡣẅࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᡓṚࡋࡓ䣎ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ิ⋤⣖ୖ䣍୍䢣䣎 ୍ᖺ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࡞ࡿ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣ୍භ୍ᖺ࣑࣎࣊⋤䣍୍භ୍ඵᖺࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤䣍୍භ 61 60 ࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘ࡣ䣍ࣄࢺࣛ䤀ࡢ⏕ㄌᆅࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㒔ᕷ䣎ࣉࣝࢮࢽ ࡿ䣎୍භᖺ䣍㉧චࡉࢀ࡚࢘䣵䤀ࣥᖐ㑏ࡋ䣍ྖᩍ⫋ᖐࡋࡓ䣎 ࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡸᕞ㒔ࣥࢫࣈࣝ䣹ࢡ➼ᣊ␃ࡉࢀ䣍୍භᖺ䣍ࣟ䤀࣐㐃⾜ࡉࢀ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍ඵᖺ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ䣍ࢸ䣵ࣟ䤀ࣝᕞࡢࢡࣇ ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍Ṕ௦ᚿୗ䣍භ䣍୍୍䣎 64 63 62 ୍භ୍ඵᖺࣉࣛࣁ࡛➼᪘ࡼࡿེࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㤳ㅛ⪅ࡀࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖࡛ ࡣࢳ䣷ࢥࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛䣍ࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࣆࣝࢮࣥ࠸࠺䣎 65 ๓ὀࡢ➼᪘ࡢེࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛㉳ࡇ䣬ࡓ௳࡛䣍୍⯡䣓❆እᨺᨈ௳䣔ࡤ ࡓࡇࢆ࡞ዎᶵࡋ࡚䣍➼᪘ࡀỴ㉳ࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡼࡾ࡞࠸ࡀࡋࢁࡉࢀ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡᨻ⟇ࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ ࠶ࡿ䣎ಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆㄆࡵࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢສチ≧ࡀ䣍๓ᖺ䣍࣑࣎࣊⋤࡞䣬ࡓ 66 ᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍ࣚࣁࢿ⚟㡢᭩䣍ᅄ䣍୍୕䢣୍ᅄࡢࡶࡌࡾ䣎 䣓࢚ࢫࡣ⟅࠼࡚ゝࢃࢀࡓ䣎 ୍භࠐᖺࡢⓑᒣࡢᡓ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎 ࡣࣉࣛࣁࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥᡠ䣬ࡓ䥺ࡢ᩿⤯ࡣỴᐃⓗ࡞ࡾ䣍୕༑ᖺᡓதࡀጞࡲࡾ䣍 ࣉࣛࣁ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢṚᚋ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀⓚᖇ࡞䣬࡚ࡽ䣍ᖇ㒔 ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣍ู≧ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ࠸࠺䣎ᐉᡓᕸ࿌ࢆពࡍࡿࡇࡢᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡼࡾ䣍 ࢫࢱࣥࢺ➼᪘ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽᇛࡢ❆ࡽ༑࣓䤀ࢺࣝୗࡢᢞࡆⴠ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡼࡾࣉࣛࣁὴ㐵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᭱㧗ᇳᨻᐁࡽ୕ྡࡀໃࡢࣉࣟࢸ 67 ཧ↷䣎 37 ᶒຊ䣍㌟ศ䣍ᆅ࡞ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿ⋤ෙ䣍⋤➖䣍ᐆ࡞䣎 ࡿᶫࢆᣦࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࣑࣎࣊࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥ㑹࡛ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝᯫࡾ䣍࣑࣎࣊㏻ࡌ ὀ ࡕ࡛Ἠ࡞ࡾ䣍Ọ㐲ࡢ࠸ࡢࡕࡢỈࡀࢃࡁฟࡲࡍ䣖 䣔 ⪅ࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ䣍Ỵࡋ࡚Ῥࡃࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠼ࡿỈࡣ䣍ࡑࡢேࡢ࠺ 䣕ࡇࡢỈࢆ㣧ࡴ⪅ࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ䣍ࡲࡓῬࡁࡲࡍ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠼ࡿỈࢆ㣧ࡴ 68 70 69 71 230 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 231 䥺 䥺ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝὀࡄ䣎ࣛ䤀ࣉࡽࢥ ࣦࣟ䣴࢟࠸࠺ᅜࡣᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍⣙༓ᖺࢃࡓ䣬࡚ࣦࣔࣛ䣵䥹ὀ ࡢᮾࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㡿ᅵ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ๓ฟࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㒔ᕷࣛ䤀ࣉ䥹ὀ ࣐ࣝࣀࡲ࡛ࡢ㊥㞳ࡣ䣍୕ࠐ࢟ࣟ⛬ᗘ䣎 పᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢᮾ᪉ࠐ࢟ࣟ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࢽ䤀ࢲ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ 36 ⌧ᅾࡢࢻࢶ䣍ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥᕞࡢᮾ➃䣍ࢻࢶ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᅜቃ⥺ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ ⌧ᅾࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㒔ᕷ䣍࢚ࢫࢸࣝࢦ࣒䣎 ࡀᕪࡍࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ䣎 ṇᘧࡣࣦ䣵䤀ࢼ䤀࣭ࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ䥹┤ヂࡍࢀࡤ䣓࢘䣵䤀ࣥ᪂ᕷ⾤䣔 䥺࠸࠺ࡀ䣍 ᮾࣉࣟࢭࣥࡢ୍ᆅ᪉䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᅽಽⓗከ࠸䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍ඵඵᖺࡇࡢᩍ༊ࡢྖᩍ࡞ࡾ䣍୍ඵᖺ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢྖᩍ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ୰ࡢᆅ༊ྡ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ༡⣙ࠐ࢟ࣟ⨨ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢫ࣌ࣥࡢ㤿⾡ᐙ䣎 ᅄୡ⣖ࡢࣟ䤀࣐ࡢ㌷グ≀సᐙ࡛䣍 䣕㌷ᴫせ䣖ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ䣎 ࣒ࣛ䤀ࢺ୕ୡࡢୡࡣ୍䢣䣎୍භࠐභᖺࡢㅮ༠ᐃࡣᙼࡢᚋ⥅⪅ ࡼࡿ䣎 ⌧ᅾࡢࣈࢲ࣌ࢫࢺࡢྑᓊ䣍ࣈࢲᆅ༊ࢆᣦࡍ䣎୍ᅄ୍ᖺࡽ୍භඵභᖺࡲ࡛ࢺࣝ ࢥࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࠶ࡾ䣍ࣃࢩ䣺ࡀ㥔ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᐙ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ䣎 ⌧ᅾࡢ࣏䤀ࣛࣥࢻ༡ᮾ㒊ࡢ࢞ࣜࢶ䣵ᆅ᪉䣎 ࢳ䣷ࢥㄒ࡛ࣦࣔࣛ䣴䣍ࢻࢶㄒ࡛࣓䤀ࣞࣥ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡢᮾ㞄᥋ࡍࡿ䣍⌧ᅾࡢࢳ 䣷ࢥࡢ୕ศࡢ୍⛬ᗘࡢᆅᇦ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡶ୍භୡ⣖ࡽ୍୍ඵᖺࡲ࡛ࣁࣉ ࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᨭ㓄ࢆཷࡅࡓ䣎 ࢺࣝࢥᡓதࡸ୕༑ᖺᡓத࡞࠾࠸࡚䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ᪉䥹ⓚᖇ᪉䥺ࡢᑗ㌷ࡋ࡚㈉ ⊩ࡋࡓ䥹୍䢣୍භ୕䥺 䣎 ࣭ࣖࣥࣇࢫ䥹୍୕ࠐ䢣୍ᅄ୍䥺ࡣ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉⪅࡛䣍ࣉࣛࣁᏛᏛ㛗䣎 ᩍࡢୡ䣍⭉ᩋ࡞ࢆᙎລࡋࡓࡇࡼࡾ䣍␗➃⪅ࡋ࡚ⅆฮฎࡏࡽࢀࡓ䣎 ᙼࡢṚᚋ䣍ࣇࢫὴࡣⓚᖇࡢᙎᅽᢠࡍࡿࣇࢫᡓத䥹୍ᅄ୍䢣୕භ䥺ࡼ䣬࡚ㅮ ࢆࡕྲྀࡾ䣍୍ᅄඵᖺࡢ᐀ᩍ㆟࠾࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࢆᢎㄆࡉࢀࡓ䣎 ࢪ䣼࣭ࣥࢹ䣵䤀䥹୍䢣୍භࠐඵ䥺ࡣᩘᏛ⪅䣍༨ᫍ⾡ᖌ䣍㘐㔠⾡ᖌ䣎 ࢽ䤀ࢲ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ ࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ ࣇࢫὴࡢ୍ὴ䣎㔜⪷㣶ὴࡶ࠸࠺䣎 పᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࠸࠺࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢࡩࡓࡘࡢᆅᇦྡ䣎⌧ ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᅜቃ࠸࡚䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ㌷ࡋ࡚ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ᅾࡣࡶᕞ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢶࢹࣥࢥ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣟࣈࢥࣦ䣵ࢶ䥹ࢬࢹࢽ䣷ࢡ࣭ࢬ࣭ࣟࣈࢥࣦ䣵ࢳ䥺࠸࠺ࣉ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡᪉⣙ඵࠐ࢟ࣟ⨨ࡍࡿ䣎 ࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᛴඛ㗓䣎 ➼᪘ࡢពぢࢆ㛤㝞ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ䣍➨ࡢ⪅䣍௦⾲⪅䣍௦㆟ဨ୕ே࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡛ 㡫䥺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱ ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ᐇ㝿ㄒࡿࡢࡣⓏሙே≀⾲࠶ࡿࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡࡦࡾ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚ⠇࢚࢞ࢱ䤀ࣀࢫ࣌ࣥ⠇ࢫࢽ࢞䥹 ສチ≧ࡀ┤᥋ࡢࡁ䣬ࡅ࡞䣬ࡓ୕༑ᖺᡓதࢆᬯ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࣥࢺࡢㆡṌࢆጉᐖࡋࡓ䣎 284 14 ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡢ୰ᚰ㒔ᕷ䣎ࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࣈࣜ䣻ࣥ䣎 42 41 43 44 46 45 47 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࡇࡢⅬ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀࣉࣛࣁጼࢆ⌧ࡋ䣍࣎ ࢱ䤀࣎ࣝࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡➃䣍ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝྑᓊ࠶ࡿࣉࣛࣁ᭱ྂࡢᇛ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢඛ㐵㝲ࡀ䣍 ᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍ࢥࣜࣥࢺேࡢᡭ⣬➨୍䣍୍୕䣍୍䢣୍୕䣎 50 49 48 ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ୡグ䣍୕䢣୍䣎 ࣑࣊ࡢ➼᪘ྠ┕ࢆ⤖ࡪྐᐇࡣ࡞࠸䣎 51 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀὴරࡋࡓࣦࣔࣛ䣵㌷࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ㌷ࡀࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝᕥᓊ䥹ὀ㸴䥺 䣵䤀ࢫࡀ㤿䣬࡚Ⓩሙࡋ䣍Ẹ⾗ࢆぢ࠾ࢁࡍ䣔࠸࠺ࢺ᭩ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 Ẹ⾗ࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ┤๓ጼࢆ⌧ࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ูࡢ✏࡛ࡣ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢḼኌࡢ┤๓䣓࣐ࢸ 䣚࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣛ࡈᣵᣜ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣔ゝ࠺ࡼ࠺䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ䣍ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡢึࡵ࠾࠸࡚ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖ࡀ䣓බẊୗ ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡀࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡔ຺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ㄞࡵ 53 52 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍භᖺࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥᏛࡢᏛ㛗࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࣋ࢶ࣒ࣞ࣊ࡢᫍ䣎᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍࣐ࢱ⚟㡢᭩䣍䣍୍䢣୍୍䣎 ୕༑ᖺᡓதࡢ⥴ᡓ࡞䣬ࡓ ⓑ ᒣ ࡢᡓ࠸䥹୍භࠐ䥺ࡢᬯ♧䣎 ࣅ䤀ࣛ䤀࣭࣍ࣛ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡇ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍⚝ࡢᙇᮏேࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇୡࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡾ䣍ᇛࡢ᫂ࡅΏࡋࢆᙉไࡋ䣍ᅄࠐྡࡢ㥔␃㒊㝲ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ䣎 ࢆ༨ᣐࡋࡓࡢࡕ䣍ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡣ࣑࣎࣊㌷ࡢ୍㒊ໃࡢ➼᪘ࡓࡕࡶᇛධ 54 58 57 56 55 24 26 25 29 28 27 32 31 30 33 36 35 34 37 38 40 39 ὀ ᐇ㝿ࡣᚑᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀ༑භṓୗ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡀ୕ ࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ ࣞࣥࢪබ࢘䣵࣒ࣜ䥺 䣎 㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷ䣎 䥺 䣍࠾ࡼࡧࢫ࣌ࣥᖇᅜࢆ⤯㡬ᮇᑟ࠸ࡓ∗ࣇ䣷ࣜ࣌ୡ䥹ᅾ ࢫ࣌ࣥᅜ⋤䥹ᅾ୍ඵ䢣୍භ୍䥺 䣎♽∗࢝ࣝࣟࢫ୍ୡ䥹⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ ࡋ࡚࢝䤀ࣝୡ䣍ὀ ࢫ࣌ࣥ㯤㔠ᮇࡢసᐙ䥹୍භ䢣୍භ୕䥺 䣎ከస࡛䣍ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ከ ࣥࢆ⾶㏥ࡉࡏࡓ䣎 ୍භ䢣ඵ䥺ࡢ㊧ࢆく䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ഃ㏆ࡢ࣐ࣞࣝබᅜᨻࢆࡍ࡚௵ࡏ䣍ࢫ࣌ 19 ༑ᅄṓୗ䣍࡞ࡾᖺ㱋ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛䣍ពᅗࡋ࡚∗⏚ࡢ㛵ಀࡋࡓࡶ⪃࠼ ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣྂ௦ࣟ䤀࣐ࡢᑗ㌷࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡢࢻࢶㄒㄞࡳࡔࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ࢚࢝ࢧࣝ ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 11 10 ᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍࣐ࢱ⚟㡢᭩䣍ᅄ䣍୍䢣୍୍䣎 ࠾࠸࡚䣍୍ᅄᖺ䣍୧㒔ᕷࡶᨷ␎ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣍ᩘᖺᚋࡑࢀࡒࢀྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓ䣎 䥹ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ㄒ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢪ䣷䤀ࣝ䣍ࣃ䤀࣏䥺 䣎ࢺࣝࢥᡓத䥹୍୕䢣୍භࠐභ䥺 ࣛ䤀ࣉࡶࣃ䤀ࣃࡶࡶ⌧ᅾࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᅜቃ㏆࠸㒔ᕷ ࣜࣥࢶࡣ㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᕞ㒔䣎 ࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ 䥺䣖 ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓ䣎ᙜヱసရࡣ䣕ᛀ༷ࡢᣦ㍯䥹 La sortija del olvido 12 ࠸࠺ྡ๓ࡽⓚᖇࢆពࡍࡿ࢝ࢨ䤀࠸࠺ࢻࢶㄒࡶὴ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬 ࡚䣍ࡇࡢே≀ྡࡣࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣ࢝ࢨ䤀ࡢ୰ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣍࠸࠺ྵពࡀ ࡇࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᗢᏊࡢᐇྡࡣࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ࡛ࣇࣜ࢜ Julio ࠸࠺䣎ࡇࢀࢆࣛࢸࣥㄒࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡢྡ๓࡞ࡿ䣎 䥺ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡢ㌷ ➼᪘䥹ࢻࢶㄒ Stände 䣍ⱥㄒ estates 䥺ࡣ䣍⋤ᶒࡀ୰ኸ㞟ᶒࡋ⤯ᑐ⋤ᨻࡀᡂ ❧ࡍࡿ๓ࡢ௦࠾ࡅࡿ䣍⋤ᶒᣕᢠࡋࡓ㌟ศไ㆟䥹➼᪘㆟䥺ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㈗ ᪘䣍ൔ䣍≉ᶒⓗୖᒙᕷẸࡢ⥲⛠䣎 ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ ࡇࡢྡࡣ䣍୍ᅄ୕ᅄᖺ䣍ࣇࢫᡓத࡛ᩋṚࡋࡓ ୧ ᙧ Ⰽ ὴ䥹ヂὀ ⣖ඖ๓ࠐࠐᖺࡈࢁࡢࣟ䤀࣐ࡢࣝࢡࣞࢶ䣵ࡼࡾ䣎ᙉጮࡉࢀࡓࡇࢆኵ࿌ⓑࡋ ே䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉᑠࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䥺ࡽྲྀ䣬ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢺ䣶ࢫ䣖࠸࠺సရࡢᵓࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡓࡢࡕ⮬ᐖࡋࡓ䣎ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍ࡑࡢௐࢆウࡘே≀ࢆேබࡋࡓ䣕ࣈ ࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼࡣࣉࣛࣁࡢᆅ༊ྡ䥹ࡑࡢྡ๓ࡢពࡽᑠᆅ༊䣍ᑠᕷ⾤ヂࡉ ࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ䥺 䣎 ࣉࣛࣁᕷෆࡢᆅ༊ࡋ࡚䣍ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝᕥᓊࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽ䥹ࡇࡇࣉࣛࣁᇛࡀ࠶ ࡿ䥺࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ྑᓊᪧᕷ⾤᪂ᕷ⾤ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡕ࡞ࡳసရ୰䣍ᪧᕷ⾤ࡀఱᗘゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ࠸࠺⏫ࡀᘓタࡉࢀࡓ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢᆅ༊ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢసရୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚ࡶ䣍ᕷᗇ⯋ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇࡢᆅ ༊ࡀᕷࡢ⾜ᨻࡸྖἲࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥୡ䥹ᅾ୍භᅄ䢣භ䥺ࡢࡇ࡛䣍ᙼࡢ㊧ࢆく䣬࡚ࣝ䤀ࢻ ࣝࣇࡣⓚᖇ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡶࢫ࣌ࣥࡶࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡀᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ බ࡛࠶ࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲེ࡛ຍᢸࡋࡓࡓࡵ䣍 ୧ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㝤ᝏ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࡞࠾䣍ࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿ࡣ୍ඵᖺࡽඵࠐᖺࡅ ࡚ࡢࡇࡔࡀ䣍స⪅ࡣࡇࡢ௳ࢆ➨୍ᖥࡢ௦䥹୍භࠐᖺ䥺⛣ࡍࡇࡼ䣬࡚䣍 ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ⊂❧ᡓதࡢᣦᑟ⪅࡛䣍⊂❧ᚋࡢึ௦⥲╩࢜ࣛࢽ࢚බ࢘䣵࣒ࣞ䥹ⱥㄒ䣍࢜ ⓚᖇࡢ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫᑐࡍࡿឤࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼࡢ㒊䣎 ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡣ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ䣍ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡᕞࡢᕞ㒔ࢢࣛ䤀ࢶ䣎 ࢝䤀ࣝୡࡣᐇ㝿ࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢ∗࡛䣍Ṛࡢᖺ๓ⓚᖇ䥹୍୍䢣 ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ิ⋤⣖ୖ䣍୍䣍ඵ䢣୕୕䣎 භ䥺ࡽࡶࢫ࣌ࣥ⋤䥹୍୍භ䢣භ䥺ࡽࡶ㏥ࡁ䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥ୰す㒊࠶ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢᮎᘵ䣎ᮏసࡣⓏሙࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ࡿࣘࢫࢸಟ㐨㝔࡚㞃᳇⏕άࢆ㏦䣬ࡓ䣎 ୍ᖺ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ᭱㧗ྖ௧ᐁࡔ䣬ࡓ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛᭱㧗ᣦᐁࡢᆅ 䥺ࡔࡀ䣍ᚋ⪅ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ᖇᅜࡢ㡿㑥ᅜᐙ䣎 ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢᖺṚཤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀ࡣ㒔ᕷ䥹ὀ సရሙᡤࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡྩᅜࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᅜ࢜ 䣷ࢽᖐᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ⌧ᅾ䣍ࢣࣝࣥࢸࣥࡣ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᕞࡔࡀ䣍ࢡࣛࣥࡣ୍ᅄᖺ௨㝆䣍ࢫࣦࣟ 10 41 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 21 20 22 ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 ࣝࣀ䥹ࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟ㄒ䣍ࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࢥࣔࣝࣥ䥺ࡽᩘ༑࢟ࣟ᪉ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡔ ࡍࡿሙᡤࡢྡ๓࡛䣍⌧ᅾࡢࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟ࡢ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᅜቃ㏆ࡃ࠶ࡿࢥ࣐ ࡇࡽ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡࡣ䣍ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴ᕝࡀࢽࢺࣛᕝྜὶ ࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺࣝࢥࡢ୍භࠐභᖺࡢఇᡓ༠ᐃࢆࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡㅮ༠ᐃ࠸࠺ 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 232 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࡓࡔࡋゝࡍࢀࡤ䣍୍୍ඵᖺࢳ䣷ࢥࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟࠸࠺ᅜࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࢫ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡋ⮬㌟ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㌷⾜ືࢆࡶࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡋࡋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓ 䥹㐲ࡃࡽ᪂ࡓேࠎࡢ㦁ࡄኌ㡢ᴦ䥺 ࣭ ࢡࣝࣃ ࣓ ࣭ ࢡࣝࣃ ࣓ ࣭ ࣐ࢡࢩ࣐ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ᮘࡢ࠺ྥࡁ┤䣬࡚䣍࠸ࡃࡽ㊥㞳ࢆ䣬࡚ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡁ䣍 ࡇࢁ࡛䣍◊ࡂࡲࡉࢀࡓṊჾࡼ䣬࡚ᩛࢆᾘࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ ࡃࡾ࠼ࡋ⬚ࢆࡓࡓࡃ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㐣ࡕࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㐣ࡕࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᭱ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣎 ࣓ ㌷ࡢ⫼ᚋᅇ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᩛࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡦࡑࡸ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼᭱ࡶ༴㝤 ࡢ㐣ࡕࡔ䣎 ࣭ ࢡࣝࣃ ࡞ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᩛࢆࡴࡋࡾ䣍⠠ࡅ䣍ྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃᙺ┠ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠾ᘬࡁཷࡅࡋ ⾤㊰ࡽ 䥹ṓࢆྉࡪኌࡀ⥆ࡁ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ㢦ࢆ୧ᡭ࡛そ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ᖥ ࡼ࠺䣎ࡇࡢᅜࡀᡭධࢀࡢ⾜ࡁᒆ࠸ࡓᗞ࡞ࡾ䣍ᐇࡾ㇏࡞✐≀⏿࡞䣬࡚䣍 ⚄ᯝᐇࢆ䣎 ࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺 ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࠸࠸ࡒ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍୕ 䥹ḟࡢヰࡢ㛫䣍ࡑࡢሙ࠸ࡿேࠎࡣሙᡤࢆ✵ࡅ䣍㏻ࡾ㐨ࢆసࡿ䥺 䢣 ᡓࡀጞࡲࡿࡒ䣎ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡢ䣍႐ࡧ⤥࠼䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ Ꮀࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 䢣 ୕༑ᖺࡔ䣎 ᗄேࡢ⪅ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶ႐ࡤࡋ࠸䣎୕༑ᖺ⥆ࡇ࠺ࡶ䣎 䢣 ༑ᖺࡔࢁ࠺䣎 䥹ᗄேࡀࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥᥱᡭࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ⩻ヂ࠶ࡓࡾḟࡢసရ㞟ࢆᗏᮏࡋ࡚⏝࠸䣍స⪅ࡢࡢ✏ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮏ ‒ ᖸࡽࡧ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ᑗ᮶ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࡢክࡣᾘ࠼ኻࡏ䣍 1987. Helmut Bachmaier. Frankfurt am Main (Deutscher Klassiker Verlag) Franz Grillparzer: Werke, Band 3 (Dramen 1828-1851). Hrsg. von ࡶཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎 ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ☢▼ࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࢆ ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡋࡳࡣࢆ㉺࠼䣍⨩ࡋࡓ࠶ࡶ࡞࠾ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᘏࡧ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ䣎 ᘬࡁᐤࡏ䣍Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ᙧ࡛ᝨࢃࡍࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 እฟ࡚Ẽࢆ⣮ࡽࢃࡋࡓ࠸䣎 䢣 ୖࡢࡼ࠺↓ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ✰ࡼࢁࡵ࠸࡚⾜ࡃ䣎 ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵࢃࡓࡋࡢ⏕㌟ࡢࡽࡔࡣ ࠾ୖ䣎ୖࡀ⏕ࡁ㛗ࡽ࠼࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀṚࢇ࡛࠸ࢀࡤ䣎ࡘ࡚⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡔ䣎䥹ど⥺ࡀᖇᅜࡢ⾲❶ࡪࡘࡾ䣍┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿ䥺࠾ ╔࠸࡚ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡋࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓ㐨ࡀチࡉࢀࡿṇࡋ࠸㐨࡛ࡣ࡞䣬 㡪࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ḽኌࡢ㬆ࡾṆࡲ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ䣍࠼䣬࡚౧ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ䣎┠ᶆ㎺ࡾ ࡀࢃࡓࡋࡀḧࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ㟼ࡉࡔ䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢࡇࡢᚰࡢ୰ࡶࡸࡲࡋࡃ㬆ࡾ ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࡇࢃࡿ䣎ᖾ㐠ࡶࡶ࠺࠸ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࡶࡋࡇࡶ㦁ࡀࡋ࠸䣎ࡔ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡽᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䥺ᡓ୕༑ᖺఱࡢࡇࡔ䣎 233 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㟼࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ䣎 㝎ୗࡶࡈ㏞ᝨࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎 ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ䣍Ḽኌࢆΰࡐྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 ᚑ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ⓚᖇࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࡇࡀࡍ࡛▱ࢀࢃࡓ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲ 䢣 ࡣࡢ⪃࠼ࡈࢆࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡍ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ྩḼࡢኌࡀୖࡀ䣬࡚䣍ⓙ䣍୍┠ぢࡓ࠸ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ 䥹ࡦࡾࡢ⪅ࡀࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ฟ࡚䣍ࣁࣥ࢝ࢳ࡛ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎㡢ᴦࡀࡸࡴ䥺 ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣎 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ እ࡛ Ẹ⾗ࡢᮃࡳᛅᐇ࡞ᐙ᮶ࡢ㢪࠸ࢆఏ࠼࡚ࡇ࠸䣎 㝎ୗ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣍㌟⨭ࡽࢀࡓྩࡢⴿࢆᚰࡢ୰࡛ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ྩࡢௐࢆ ウ࠺䣎ௐウࡕࡣ┿ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡣ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ྩࡢᩛ⨩ࢆ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ㄡ⾜䣬࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࢁ䣎 ᴟฮ࡞ࢁ࠺ࡶ䣍ᩛࢆỌ㐲ࡢṚࡽᩆ῭ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎▷ᮇỴ 䥹ᚑ䣍ᐁᡣᐊධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 䢣 ୗࡑ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢᩛ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ⨩ࡍࡿࡇࡀྠ䣍ࡓ࠼ ᡓࡣ㛫㏆㏕䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡇࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆΎ᪂࡞࠺ࡕ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࢀࡶྂࡧ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ ࡤ䣍࡞ࡐྂࡧࡓࡢၥࢃࢀ䣍⌮⏤ࡀẼ࡞ࡾ䣍䣓࡞ࡐ䣔㝿㝈ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ ࡿ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᨺ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ 䣎ࡇࡢୖ࠺ࡋࢁゝ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 Ẹ⾗ࡀࡢḟ➨ࢆ▱䣬࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀྩࢆࢻࢶ⋤ࡢ⋢ᗙ ᑵࡏࡼ࠺ྉࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ᙼࡽຍ࠼࡚䣍ᡓሙ㉱ࡃ⏝ពࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ேࡀධࡾ䣍ࡢᏊ౪ࡀே࡞ࡽࡠ࠺ࡕࡣ䣍⾑ࡢ୰࡛ࡓࡂ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㔄 ࡿᡓኈ䣍ࡑࡢࡕࡽࡶࡀ㝎ୗࢆ୍┠ぢࡓ࠸せồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽࡉ䣬ࡉ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࢞ࣛࢫᡞࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡽ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯 ࠺䣎 ྩࡀࡕࡽ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡣศࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ⾜䣬࡚ࢃࡓࡋࡢᶓ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡢ ࡉ࡚䣍ㄡࡶࡀ䣍⮬ศࡢᮏᙜࡢᣢࡕሙࡀࡇ࡞ࡢศࡿࡼ࠺䣍ࡇࢀ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖ↹ࢃࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡅࡿࡢࡣࡸࡵࡼ࠺䣎ࢃࡓ 䥹ูࢀࡢ㌟ࡾ䥺ࡉࡽࡤ䣎䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ฟ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍ᜤࡋࡃ࠾㎡ࡋ࡚ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ䥺 ࡛ࡣᡞࢆ㛤ࡅ䣎 䢣 ࠸ࡊ䢣 㔜ࢇࡌࡿࡽࡔ䣎࣌ࣥࡀࡼࡾ☜ᐇᡴᧁࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࡇ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣎 ࡿ䣎እࡽḼࡢኌ䥺 እࡢ㡢ᴦႏኌ 䣎 ࡽ௧᭩ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡼ࠺䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ⾜ືྠᵝ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㈼᫂࡞ᩥ᭩ࡶ ࡋࡁ▱ᜨࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࢀ䣎 ࡋ࡚ࡣࡲࡔⱝࡍࡂࡿ䣎ᫍ༨࠸ࡶࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡀ䣍࡞ࡽࡤࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢᝒ ࡓ⤫⋡⪅࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡲࡓᑗ᮶ࡣᑗ㌷࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ぢ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀணゝ⪅ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ༑ศಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿᡓኈ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍⇍⦎ࡋ 㓝ࡶ㟼ࡲࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ Ẋୗ䣍୍ୡ௦ࡢ㛗ࡉࡣࡑࢀࡃࡽ࠸࠸࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡢ ࡣࡎࡔ䣎▷ᮇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ఱࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ୕༑ᖺ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡢቨࡽࡇࡔࡲࡋ࡚ゝⴥࡀࡃࡾ࠼ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎▷ᮇỴᡓゝ䣬ࡓ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ㄡࡔ䣎ఱࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ୕༑ᖺ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡲࡿ࡛ᅄ᪉ ࠺ࡶ䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ 䥹ேࠎࡢ㛫ΰࡌ䣬࡚䥺ᡓதࡣⰋ࠸ࡇ䣍୕༑ᖺ⥆ࡇ 234 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀࡇࡇ࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ጁࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡋࡇࡢࡓࡧぢ⯙䣬ࡓࡢࡣṚ⚄࡛ࡋ࡚䣍ࡈᔂᚚ࠶ࡑࡤࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᙼࡀฟ❧ࡋ࡚ࡲࡔ࠸ࡃࡽࡶࡓ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠾ᮃࡳ ୗࢆᛮ䣬࡚Ἵࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ౯ࡍࡿ࠾ࡓࡔ䣎ᩗ࡞Ẋ࡛ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠾࠾䣍ษ㏕ࡍࡿ௦ࡀࢃࡓࡋ⊰ணࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ࡚䣍㝎 ࠶ࡽࡤ䣍࠸ࡢ⪅ࡀࡁ䣯࠺ࡢ࠺ࡕࡶ㐃ࢀ࡚ᡠࡿࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡓࡔࡋࡑ ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡢሙྜࡣᜍࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ࡣࡇࡢ᭩≧ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡀࡓ ᡭࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛䣍✜ࡸ࡞ࢃࡀᅜᖐࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࡦ ࡼࡾ௨ୖ㈼᫂࡞࠾ࡓ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣎ࡑࢀ᪩ィៃ࡚࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶぢࡽࢀࡿ ࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚᭩≧ࢆᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍ཿᬛ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸⾜ື⌧ࢀࡿࡶࡢ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ఱࡶ࡞ࡍࡁࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡲࡓ⾜ືࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ௦ࡣ䣍ேຓࡅࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖ䣍ᡭ࠺ษࡾᢤࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡽ᮶ࡓ࡞䣎ⓚᖇࡢ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢᡭࡽ᭩≧ࢆࡦ䣬ࡓࡃࡿ䥺࠺࡞ࡿ 䢣 ࡈᐜయࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࢆᶓ┠࡛ぢࡸ䣬࡚䥺ࡓ䣬ࡓ䣍 ᖇᅜࡢ⾲❶ ࢆᣢཧ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᖇᅜࡣࡇࡢࡓࡧ䣍ṇᙜࡢᶒࡋ࡚ ぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎 ࠶ࡢࡓࡢࡇࢆᛀࢀࡿ࡞ദಁࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞䣎 㝎ୗࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢ ࡢ࠾ࡓࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎ࡍ࡛⥅ᢎᶒࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠾ୡ⥅ ࡂ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ࡛ࡋ࡚ࡢ⩏ົࡶᯝࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ 䢣 ࡶゝ࠸ࡩࡽࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛䣍࡛ࡣ䣍ᇛࡽⓎࡋ࡚ᖾࢆఏ࠼ࡿშࢆ ࡣ⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤጤࡡ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡓࡋࢆࡧᐤࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ศࡢᅜᖐࡾ ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣍ࡇࡢᅜ ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࢃࡓࡋࡣ㝎ୗࡢ࡛ࡋࡓ ❶ࡢࡘ࠸ࡓභ㢌❧࡚ࡢ㤿㌴ࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡋࡲࡍ䣍୰ࡣ㯮࠸᭹ࢆ╔ࡓࡓࡀ ࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡑࡋ࡚࠺እࡢᡬࡲ࡛ 䢣 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ఱࡣࡶ࠶ࢀ䣍ࢃࡀ୍㛛ࡢឤㅰࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ࠾ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡃ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࡇࢃࡿ㌟ࡾࢆࡋ࡚䥺Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ㄡࡋ ࡶṚࢆචࢀࡿࢃࡅࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ཤࡿ䣎కࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⾲❶ࡢධ䣬ࡓࢣ䤀ࢫࢆୖᡭᚋᬒ࠶ࡿ ᮘ㍕ࡏࡿ䥺 䥹㐲ࡃ࡛㌷ᴦ䥺 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 㡢ᴦࢆࡸࡵࡉࡏࢁ䣎࠶ࡢ㡪ࡁࡣࡇࡢ⬚ࡢᝒࡋࡳࢆ࠶ࡊ➗ ࡍ䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ 䥹❆㥑ࡅᐤࡾ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⏦ࡋࡓ࢝ࣉࣛ䤀ࣛṌර㝲࡛ ࡓࡕࡀ⏦ࡍ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤⓎసぢ⯙ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡽ䣎ࡋ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡶࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࡿ࡞䣎ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎䥹୰ධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀඛṚࡡࡤࡼ䣬ࡓࡶࡢࢆ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡞཱྀ⾜ࡁ䥺ㄡ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡼࡃศ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑ࡞ࡓࡓࡕࡢ⾰ࡀㄒ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ୖࡣஸࡃ ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ㌟ලࢣ䤀ࢫࢆ࠸ࡃࡘᦠ࠼ࡓᩘேࡢᘐ⮧ࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ဨ䣍႙᭹ࢆ╔ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබ䣍⳹࡞㣭ࡾࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎࠾ࢇ⮬ࡽ࠾⟅࠼ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ࡲࡍ䣎 䢣 ࢇㄡࡶಙࡌ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀࢱ䤀࣎ࣝᶫ ࡛ⓚᖇࡢ⣠ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ䣍ஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓఱᗘ 71 ࡓࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎႙᭹ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡀࡓࡀ࠾╔ࡁ࡞䣬 70 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎ᛴ࡞Ⓨస࡛䣎ࡲࡔᮃࡳࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡣᚑ 235 䣯࠺ࡢ࠺ࡕࡶࢲࣥࣆ࢚䤀ࣝ㥽ර㝲ࡀࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࢝ࣉࣛ䤀ࣛṌර㝲ࡶ᭱ 䤀ࣝ㥽ර㝲ࡀࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡇࢀ࡛Ẋୗࡣ㉏ࢆᡭ୰ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ 䥹❆㥑ࡅᐤ䣬࡚䥺ఱ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎ࡣࡸ䣍ࢲࣥࣆ࢚ ᪩㏆ࡃࡲ࡛᮶࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎ຊ㏿ࡉࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡠ䣍ᡓᡭ㊊ࡀᥞ䣬 ࡢ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ఱࡢࣛ䣹ࣃࡔ䣎࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 㝎ୗ䣍࠶ࢀࡣ䣍ཌࡲࡋ࠸ེ㌷ࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀṑྥ䣬 ࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣛࣁྥ࠺㌷㝲ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹ࡧࡅࡽࢀࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᙜᝨࡋ࡚࠶ࡎࡉࡿࡢ࡛䥺 ࡛㟼Ꮤࠎࡋ࡚⾜࡞࠺ࡦࡑ࡞Ⴀࡳࡼࡿࡶࡢ䣎ᯡᶵཀࢆࢇ࡛᮶࠸䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑ࠺ᐇࢆ⤖ࢇࡔ䣍ࡔࡀᯝᐇ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⫼ᚋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡢ ࡓࡔ䣍ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥฟ❧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡇࡢ䣎Ẽ࡛ࡶ≬䣬ࡓࡢ䣎 ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㧗㈗࡞ࡿ୍᪘ᛅㄔᚰࢆᢪࡃ⪅ࡣධࢀ䣎 ࠾ධࡾࡃࡔࡉࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢࢃࡅࢆ㏲୍ࡈㄝ᫂࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ䣍ࡲࡉࡇࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺୰ 䥹ᩘேࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ⋤䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࡓࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡑࢀࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࢃࡅ䣎 ឤㅰࡍࡿࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ࠸ࡘࡢ᪥䣍⚄ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆࡇࡢᅜࡢ Ẽࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇࡍࡿ䣎 68 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ 䥹୰ኸᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍࢜䤀 ࡢῬࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ 䣎ࢆỴࡍࡿࡢࡣ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡇࡢἨࡢỈࡣỴࡋ࡚㣧ࡴࡲ࠸䣍ྂ࠸ㅗ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍 䢣 ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢẼධࡿ௨ୖࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶ ⋢ᗙᗙࡽࡏ⤥࠺࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠺䣎ࡔࡀᝏࡃᛮࢃ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡈ‶࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 236 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ཝࡋࡃ䥺බࡢሙ࡛ࡅࡿࡼ࠺䣍ໟࡳ㞃ࡉࡎ⏦ࡏ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁ࡛ࡣ㈾Ẹࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡢ㈾Ẹࡀഐⱝ↓ேࡢ⯙࠸䣍Ỵࡋ࡚㯲䣬࡚ぢ࡚ࡣ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࡽᩘ㏻ࡢ᭩≧ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䣍ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡇࡇ ࠶ࡿ᭩≧ࡣ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡼࡁ ㅛ ࡢẚ㢮࡞ࡁᨭ࠼࡛࠶ࡿࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࢫ ࡣࡾࡈ ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸䣎࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡋ࡚㈗᪘ࡓࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍⚄ṇ⩏ࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࢀࢃ ࢀࡶ㐍㌷ࡍࡿࡇࢆせồࡍࡿ䣎 ࣌ࣥࣟ䤀࣐ࡽࡢࡶࡢ䣎ⓙ䣍࠶ࡢ⏨ࡀᾘ࠼ࡿࡇࢆ᮲௳䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀ ᚲせ࡞ຓຊࢆ⣙᮰ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ࡞ࡿࡣࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబ䣍 ᩘྡࡢ⪅ ぬᝅࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ṧࡾࡢ⪅ ⏕㈈⏘ࡶࢁࡶ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁࡽࡲ࠸䣬࡚䣍ࡢᆅེ࡛ࡀ㉳ࡇ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡴࡡࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ๐䣬࡚࡛ࡶேᑾࡃࡋࡓ࠸ࡣᛮ࠺ࡀ䣍࠶ࡢᝏᛶࡢ ⲡࡀ䣍ࡢ୍ᮏ୍ᮏࢆ᩿ࡓࢀ䣍ⰺࡲ࡛㝖ཤࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠺ࡕࡣఇࡴࡲ࠸ࡒ䣎 䥹㐲ࡃ࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺 ࡿくᧁ⪏࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ≧ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚䥺ྠࡌᚿࡢᙉᅜຓࡅࢆ㢗ࡲࡎࡋ࡚䣍ᅄ᪉ࡽく࠸䣬࡚ࡃ ࡢຨⓎࢆࡤࡾᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢຊࡢࡳ࡛䣍䥹᭩ ࡍ䣎ࡢᅜࠎࡢ␗➃⪅ࡶ䣍ྠᵝࡢᢠຊࢆྜࢃࡏࢇࡀࡓࡵ䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓེ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ࢆὴ㐵ࡋࢁ䣎ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥබࡣ䣍㌷ࡀᚲせ ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆᚲࡎᛂࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍᭩≧ࢆ㏦ࢀ䣎 69 ㆶ┦ᡭ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡛ࡑ࠺ឤࡌࡿ䣎㐲ࡃࡽࡑࡢ㊊㡢ࡀࡍࡿ䣎 ᚑ 䥹୰ኸᡬࢆ㛤ࡁ䣍᮶ゼࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ䥺ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㄡࡔ䣍⪺࠸ࡓ䣎 ࡵࡽࡵࡽ⇞࠼ᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢືࡁࡣࡍ࡛ࣉࣛࣁࡲ࡛ఙࡧ࡚ ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎࣐䣹ࢸࢫ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡀど┰ࠎࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎 ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢᅜࡢᩗ࡞⟶⌮ே࡛࠶ࡿᛅ⮧ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࢽࢶ ࡸࢫࣦࣛ䣴ࢱࡣ㯲䣬࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࡶ࠺ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡺࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠶ࡕࡽฟࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 䥹⬥ᡬࡽᩘேࡢㆤ⾨ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ᙼࡽࡣࡍ࡛ࡶ䣬ࡦ࠸ࡇ⪏࠼ᚸࡧࡲࡋࡓ䣎࣐ ࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀඛࢆ⾜ࡃᶒࡣṧ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡍ 䣎ࡑࢀࡶ㡿㑥㆟ࡢ┿᭱୰䣍ࠎㅈࠎࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ┿᭱୰࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡓࡋࡀ㎡ࡋࡓ࠾ࡾ䣍ᙼࡽࢆࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢᇛࡢ❆ࡽᢞࡆⴠࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ 䣹ࢸࢫ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡣᅵᆅࡢྂ࠸⩦័ᚑ䣬࡚⏦ࡍࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡕ䣯࠺ࢃ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ㆤ⾨ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅ࡚㏥ሙ䣎ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍⥆ࡃ䣎ࡑ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ඛࢆ⾜ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䥺ୗࡀࢀ䣎㙐⧅ࡀࢀࡼ࠺ 66 ࢆぢ㏦ࡿ䥺 ࡢ㛫ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబࡀධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ゲࡑ࠺ᙼࡽࡢ࠶ ᮶ࡿ⪅ࡔࡽ䣍ୖࡢ㝵࡛ᐷ㎸ࡴࢃࡅࡣ࠸࡞䣬ࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍ ࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚ᬤࢆㄳ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࢇ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍㝵ᚑ࠼ࡤ᭩グᐁࡣᮎᑿ ࡛ࡍࡀࡩࡓࡾࡶ↓࡛ࡍࡢ࡛䣍ࡈᚰ㓄࡞ࡁࡼ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡇࢁᙼࡽࡣ♩ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ బ䣍࠼࡚Ꮀࡋ࠸ࡒ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡽ᮶ࡓࡢ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠺ࡴ䣍࡞࠾ࡢࡇⰋ࠸ࡒ䣎 ᇛࡢᵝᏊࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡣ䣬䣍ᅇࡾ㐨ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡾࡢྩ䣍ࡦࡘࡢពᛮ䣎 ࡢᛅゝ࡞⪺ࡠࡶࡢ䣎ᅜෆࢆࡴࡿࡶྍศ࡞ࢀ䣎ࡦࡘࡢ⚄䣍ࡦ ࡚ࡇࡑຊࡣຊゝ࠼ࡾ䣎ᡓࡢᗞ࠶ࡾ࡚ᑗᐁࡣୗ▱ࢆ࠼ࡇࡑࡍࢀ䣍ே ࡦ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ Ẋୗࡣ㢗ࡾ࡞ࡿ࠾ࡓࡔ䣎ᢠ┿䣬ྥࡽᑐᢠࡋ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ⮳ࡿࡇࢁ䣍ሗࡀ㘒⥈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎Ẽࡔゝ ࠺⪅ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓゝ࠺⪅ࡲ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇࡔ䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡶࡋࡶࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡓࡔᅜෆࡣࢃࢀ ࡑࢀࡣ࠶࡛ࡼ࠸䣎ࡣ⭜ࢆ࠾ࢁࡋ࡚ྛᆅࡢ㥔ᒡ㌷ ㄡ᭩ࡏࡓ䣎࠸ࡘ῭ࡲࡏࡓ䣎 ேࡶ㤿ࡶࡄࡎࡘࡃࡢ࡛䣍ఇ᠁ࡢࡓࡧࡈ䣍㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓ㒊㝲ࡶᣦ௧ࢆ᭩ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࢀࡶ⤖ᵓ࡞ࡇ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛䣎ࡓ ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣈࣝࣀ䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࡢ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺䣎ࡁ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡇࡕࡽࡲ࠸ࡿ㐨ࡍࡀࡽ䣍㥐⯋╔ࡃ⩦័ࡢࡼ࠺ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡶ࠺῭ࡲࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ௧᭩ࢆ᭩ࡅ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡇࢀࡽᅜ⋤㝎ୗࡢチࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࢀࡀఱࡋ࡚ࡸࡿᚲせࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ୗඞୖࡢୡ࡞䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ສ チ ≧ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ᢎ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᩍ ࡢ ᘓ タ ࡀ ୰ ᩿ ࡉ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡦ䣯䣬ࡋࡓࡽ䣍㏆࠸࠺ࡕྩࡀያ㞔ࡔ࡞䣎 ࣦ 䣴 ࣞ ࣥ ࢩ 䣻 ࢱ ࣥ ࡏࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ⓚᖇࡀ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡽ࣑࣎࣊ࡣᩛᅜ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࡋྊࡋࡲࡏ䣎 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍୰ኸᡬࡽⓏሙ䥺 67 ࡔࡑ࠺ࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ䣍ᭀືࡀࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘䣍ࣉࣝࢮࢽ ࡞ᅜࡌ䣮࠺࡛ 65 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 237 ᮶ゼࢆ႐ࡤࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡸ䣬༑࡞䣬ࡓࡇࢁࡔࡀ䣍࣑ࢧࡣ༑୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡲ࡛ᕠ♩ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࡢ䣍ࢃࡓ ࡋࡣถ᪕ࡋ࡚ᖐ䣬࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎 ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿ࡞䣎ࡇࡢࡈோࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࢆጞ ࢀ࡚⾜ࡅ䣎ࡇࡇุ࡛ᐁᙺࡤࡾ⊹༞ᙺࡲ࡛ࡸࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢရ┦ ࡵࡿ๓ྩࡀࡇࡇ࡛㑧㨱ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ィࡽ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࡶ࠺㐃 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡀ㏕䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ♩ᣏࡣࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡲ࠶࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡋࡓࢃࡅࡔ䣎ឤㅰࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸䣎ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣍⚄ᢠࡋࡓ⏨ࡀሻࡲࡳࢀࡿࡢࢆぢࡿࡢࡣ 䢣 ࢃࡓࡋࡣኳྜᅗࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ䣬ࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ⮬ࡽྜᅗࢆࡋ࡚ ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡓࡵ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺䣍⚄ࡢࡓࡵ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺࡢ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡑ࡞ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ႐ࡤࡋࡃࡶ䣍ᚰᙎࡴࡇ࡛ࡣ ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ࡶ࠺୍ᗘឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡀࡎࡿ㈼ࡉࡢሗ࠸࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ࡁࡵ⣽ ࠶ࡿࡀ䣎㐨୰ࡢ↓ࢆ♳ࡿ䣎࡛ࡣࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥᛴࡆ䣎䥹୰ኸᡬࡼࡾ㏥ ᖺ㔠ࢆᣄྰ࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡡ䣎 ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࡑࢀࡺ࠼࠶࡞ࡓࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢጒ䣍ᙜ↛㈔䣬࡚ࡶ࠾ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡋࢁゝࢃࢀࡓࡽ㸽 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ㏆࡙࠸࡚䥺ࡇࡇ࡛௧ࢆୗࡏࡿࡓࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯 ෆࡢ㢠ࢆ⏦ࡉࢀࡼ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ⊰ணࢆࡃࢀ䣍༑ศࡔ䣎ᐙᖐ䣬࡚᭩㢮ࢆᩚ⌮ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ጒᚚᕪࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣎㔠㈌࡛せồࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ୕ࢡࣟ䤀ࢿ௨ ࠺䣎 ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ㄡࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀἑᒣ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡽࡔࡣṊჾྠࡌᮦ㉁࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ࡚࡞䣍ᣙࡣ ࠾ࡽࢀࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ♩ᣏᇽ⾜ࡏࡓࡽࡣ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࡇࡕࡽࡢࡶࡢ 㕲䣍⬚ࡣ㟷㖡࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⾜ࡃ㐨ࡣ࠶ࡕࡽ࡛ ⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࢆ↓㜵ഛࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎ᅜ⋤ࡣ࠾㒊ᒇࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ ࡔ䣎ᩍⓚࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆࣟ䤀࣐⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡃࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎ࡔࡽࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡍ䣎᐀᪨᭰࠼ࡋ࡚㢗ࡳࡈ࡞࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࡞䣎 ࡑࢇ࡞☜ಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࡽ䣍ஒ㣗ࡢ㈔࠺ࡋ≀ࡣஒ࠺ࡲ࠸䣎ࡈྩࡣࡑ࡞ࡓࡢ⏥ැࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡀ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࡢ㆙࿌ࡣࡶ䣬ࡶࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡇ࡛௧ࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡿᗘࡈ䣍ࡑ࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢ௧ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ྩ࠼ࡘࡘ䣍 ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ḞⅬࡀ࠶ࡽࢃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎⮬ಙࡢ࡞ࡉỴ᩿ຊ㊊࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋ ᙉẼ࡛ྩࡢᆅࡲ࡛ࡢࡋୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ⪅ࡶ䣍࠸䣬ࡓࢇே㛫㛵ಀࡀࡇࡌ ㌟ࡀ㕲࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾ᛮ࠸ࡔࡀ䣍ࡈྩࡀ≬ಙⓗ࡞ಙᛕ㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡽࢀ ࡋ䣍ࡀࡓ䣬࡚䣍㝗䣬ࡓㅖᅜⵗࢀࡓ✀ࡀⱆࢆฟࡋ䣍ΰㅛ ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣍ㄡᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡈྩࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢ ࠸࠸࠼㸟 ᨭ㓄⪅࡞䣬࡚ᅜ⋤㝎ୗࡣ䣍᭱Ⰻࡢ⋤࡞ࡽච 䣍࠸ࡸᡓ࡞䣬࡚ࡣࡧࡇࡾ䣍⾑ᰁࡵࡢ┿䣬㉥࡞ⰼࢆࡇࢁࡤࡏࡿࡼ࠺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䢣 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᅜ⋤ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ┤ࡕࡧᡠࡉࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ⾜ࡃࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࡇࡣࡲࡔࢻࢶ㡿ࡔࡀ䣍ࢱࣜࡢ㏵୰࠶ࡿࡽ࡞䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䢣 ࡃ⣒ࢆ⣳࠸࡛䣍ࡘ࠸ࡣ୍␒⧄⣽࡞ࡇࢁ࡛ษࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ ሙ䥺 ࡶࡍࡿẼࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࢀࡣࢇࢃࡓࡋࡢᏑࡐࡠࡇ䣎᪑⾜࡞ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡍࡿᬤ ࣥ⾜䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺䣍⊒ୗ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 64 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡓࡔ䣍♩ᣏᇽ⾜ࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᡠࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡈ 238 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡳྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹࣐ࣥࢺࡢ࣏ࢣ䣹ࢺࡽᩘ㏻ࡢ᭩≧ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䥺ࣟ䤀࣐ ⢭⚄ࡢᙉࡉࢆせồࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ⬚୰ၥࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ⤡ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᇽࠎࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛ᐁᡣᐊධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࢫ࣌ࣥ䣍ࡑࢀࢻࢶࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡഃࡢᅜࠎࡽᶒࢆ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ㏆ౝ 䥹ᣍࡌධࢀࡿືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺⊒ୗ䣎 㝎ୗࡽ䣍㉧ࡏࡢ࠾ゝ࡙ࡅ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡁࢃࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ሗࡏࡀࣉࣛࣁࡽᒆ࠸ ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀぢࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ᝏࡋࡁᡭᮏࡶ䣍⚄ࡢᰤ ᚑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࡘࡃࡢࡣ័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢ࠺ࡣ ගᩍࡢ࠸࠺┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ⚄⪷ࡉࢀࡿ䣎䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡄ䥺 ࡓ䣍ࡀ῭ࢇࡔࡽ࠾┦ᡭࡋࡼ࠺ࡢࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡦࡘ ࣁࣈࢆ࡞ࡿ⚄ࡢ㤋࡛ẅࡋࡓࡁ䣍࠶ࡢ㧗ൔࡶࡇࢇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡔࢁ ࠺ 䣎ᙼࡀዎ⣙ࡢᷬ ࡢ๓㌟ࢆఅࡏࡓࡼ࠺䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡇࡇ࡛ࡦࡊࡲ ࡎ࠸࡚⚄ࡢྜᅗ࠾ኌࢆୗࡉ࠸㢪࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎 63 ࠺ࡔ䣍ࡃⓚᖇࡣ䣎 ㏆ౝ 㝎ୗࡣࡍ࡛ఱᗘࡶⓎసぢ⯙ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࡇࡢᗘࡣࡇࢀࡲ ࡢࡇࢁࡣ䣎 ࡛࡞ࡃ⃭ࡋࡃ䣍ࢆ⬣ࡍࡔẼ㐵ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍࠺ 䢣 ぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡇ 62 ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ䣍∗ୖ࠾࠸ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ᭩≧ࢆ┠ࡢ๓ᕪࡋฟࡑ࠺䣎ࢀࡶ 䥹㏆ౝ䣍ୗࡀࡿ䥺 ୗࡣࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᏲࡾᡭ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ၏୍ࡢᏲㆤ⪅ࡔ䣎 ࡿ䣎 ࡉࢆ⦡䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎䥹ᚋᬒࡢᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍⏝ពࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ ᚰࡢࡄࡽࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸࠾ࡓࡔࡽ䣎᪥ࡀኚࢃࢀࡤᚰࡶኚࢃࡿࡀ䣍័ࢀࡣᙅ ࡇࢀࡶⓙࡢᖹᏳ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࡑࢀࡽࡣ㎿㏿䣎 ࠸ࡊ䣍ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡀゼࢀࡓ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡀ࠾㞃ࢀ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡶࡈࡃ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡶ࠾♳ࡾࡋࡼ࠺䣎㝎ୗࡣࢃࢀࡽࡢᕼᮃࡔࡽ䣎㝎 239 ࠶ࡢỴ᩿ຊࡢ࡞ࡉࡺ࠼䣍ࡧࡃࡧࡃࡓࡵࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀಸቑࡍࡿ䣎ᖇᅜࡢ ㏆ࠎࡢࡇࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡀࢻࢶ⋤ࡢ㊧ࢆく࠼ࡤ䣍 ࢨ ࣇࣜ 䤀 ࢺ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ࣭ࣈࣟࢼ䤀 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࠺࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ㅖࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸␗➃ࡔࡀ䣍␗➃ࡢࢨࢡࢭࣥ䣍ࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࣈࣝࢡ䣍ᝏ㎥࡞ࣉ ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䣴ࣝࢶࡣᐶᐜ࡞ࡿࡇᑡࡋᚸ⪏ࡍࡿࡇࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⚄ ࡉ࠶䣍࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼṇᛕሙࡔ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㌴ࢆ⏝ពࡋࢁ䣎 ࢡ ࣞ 䤀 ࢮ ࣝ ࡉ ࡲ ࢆ ࡏ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㤿 ㌴ ࡀ ࡲ ࡔ ୰ ᗞ ࡲ 䣬࡚ ࠾ ࡉ࠼ࡶ䣍⚄ࡢ࠾ゝⴥࡉ࠼ࡶศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡇࡢศࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡀぢ࠼࡞ ࠾Ⅽࡈࡋࡁࡓࡽ䣍ࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡣ㝜ㅛࢆࡵࡄࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣍↓㦵࡞㢼ࢆ ࡣఱࢆᥐ࠸࡚ࡶ࠶ࡢᆓࢆ∦࡙ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎࠶࠸ࡘࡢࡦ࠸ ࡀ㔜せࡔࡽ䣎ᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䣎ᐙ᮶ࡢᵝᏊࢆぢ⾜ࡅ䣎 ⮬ศࡢᐙᖐࡽࡏ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ఱࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡁ࠶࠸ࡘࡢ᭩㢮 ࡀゝ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ᛴ࠸࡛ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡅ䣎Ẽࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣍࠶࠸ࡘࢆ ࠺ࡽ䣍ㄔᐇゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᩥ᭩ࡶヰࡶ⾜ືࡶ䣍࠶࠸ࡘࡣ㌟ࡢࡇ࡞ 䥹ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 㐺ᙜゝ࠸ࡘࡃࢁ䣬࡚࠶࠸ࡘࢆᘬࡁṆࡵ࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞࠾ࡢࡇࡼ࠸䣎ࡇࢀࡽ∗ୖヰࢆࡍࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㛫䣍 ࠸䣎 ࡋࡀ㍍ࡃ䣍ᨭ㓄ᶒࡢゎᾘ࡞ࡶᾴࡋ࠸㢦࡛⨫ྡᣢࡕ㎸ࡴࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍ᚲ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ せྍḞ࡞⏨࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡸࡽࡡࡤᗘ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡇᩘ᭶䣍ዲᶵࡢ฿᮶ࢆᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ே ࡑࢁࡑࢁ∗ୖࡢࡶ⾜䣬࡚ࡶࡼ࠸䣎 ࡢ⦾ᰤࡣồࡵ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ⦾ᰤ࡞ồࡵࡽࢀࡠࡒ䣎 ࡑࢀࢆᏲࡿࡢࡀ⮬⏤ពᚿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡞ࢁ࠺䣎ᩍࢆᘓ࡚ࡉࡏ࡚ࡸࢀ䣍 ᙼࡽࡢᅜ⋤ ࡣ௮ࡏ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡃດࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ䣍ಙᚰ῝ࡉᕫᚰࡣᛮ࠺ࡅ㞳ࢀࡓ ࠸㎸ࡴࡢࡣᐇᐜ࡛᫆ࡋ࡚䣍⚄ࡀᨭ㓄⪅࡞ࡿࡓࡵ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡣᨭ㓄ࡍ ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀ䣎༝ࡋ࠸ฟࡢࢃࡓࡋࡀ⚄ࡢᦤ⌮࡛䣍ࡩ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢຓゝࡀ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮ⤌ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡴࡋࢁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ䣍ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎᪉ࡢᙇࡾྜ࠸ࡶࡣ⦆ࡳ䣍ኳ㧗ࡃ⯙࠺㮖ྠࡌ ࡘ ࠺ ࡞ ࡽ ฟ ⮬ ᜠ ᑋ ࡼ 䣬 ࡚ ࡢ ࡳ ୖ ࡀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡢ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㝵 ࡲ ࡛ ᪼ 䣬 ࡓ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⚄ࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ㐩ᡂࡉࡏࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺⪅ࡀ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆࡢྑ⭎ࡔᛮ ࡃ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡶᆅୖࡢ⋓≀ࡼ䣬࡚㣴ศࢆᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚᗇࡢࡇ ࡢࡶ↓┈࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᩍࡢᶒຊࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᅜ⋤ࡀࡓ ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ᮶࡚ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍᮶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ᮍ᮶ࡢᅜࡢᅜ⋤࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ 䣎 ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡧࡃࡧࡃ㟈࠼ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᅜ⋤࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ 䢣 ࡢ࠾ࡑࡤ㏆ࡃ࠼ࡿᯡᶵཀࡢᆅࡘ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣே㛫 䢣 ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣍ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣᨻࡢ㥑ࡅᘬࡁࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢヰࡁࡓࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡶ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞ 䢣 ࡛ࡍࡽࡇ࠺ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡒ䣎 59 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ఱ⪅ࡶ㟈࠼࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡅ࡚ࡶ⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿ㈼᫂࡞⪅ࡣ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡶࡢࡣ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀẊࡢ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡬྥ䣬࡚⾜ࡁ䥺ࡇࡇ࡛Ỵ᩿ࢆୗࡍࡢࡣࡓ ࡔ࠾ࡦࡓࡢࡳࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ྠࡌືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡀ௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡍࡀ䣍ᶒຊࡀேࡢពᛮࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍㈐௵ࡣㄡࡀ㈇࠺ࡢ࡛ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣࡤࢀࡓ䣎⪷᭩ⓗ࡞ព࡛ࡤࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࡋ ࡚ 㑅ࡤࢀࡓ䣍࣑࣎࣊ࡢ䣍ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᑗ᮶ࡢ⋤䣎 ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣศࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎ສチ≧ࢆᛅᐇ㞃ࡋ❧࡚ࡏࡎᐇ⌧ 䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡬࡽ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡇࡇ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿఏ࠼ࡼ䣎ᛴࡆ䣎 䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢ୰ධࡿ䥺 ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ ࢁ ࢇ ࡣ ࢆᘓ࡚ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ䣍ᙼࡽࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢສチ≧ࡼ䣬࡚ṇᙜ 䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䥺 ᛶࡀ࡞࠾ࡍ䣬ࡾࡇ࠸ࡘࡢࡽࡔࡣᰁࡳࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⬥ᘬ࠸࡚䥺ᡂࡾୖࡀࡾ⪅ࡢഫ៏ࡶΰࡌ࠼࡚䣍ⓒጣ᰿ ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ㅮࡣᚲせ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶㅮࡣㅮࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣍 ࠺ࡀㆡṌࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍┦ᡭࡀ⤯⁛ࡍࡿࡲ࡛Ṋຊࢆ࠾࠺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㅮ࡞ࢀࢆ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ⤖ᒁ䣍ᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᙅ࠸ ᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ສチ≧ࡣ↓➼ࡋ࠸䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᇽࠎࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛⾜䣬ࡓࡾ᮶ࡓࡾࡍࡿ䥺 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀ䣍ጉᐖࡉࢀ䣍ࡣ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡓࡀࡓࡽฟࡉࢀࡓᣦ♧ࡦࡑ⾪✺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ୧ ᙧ Ⰽ ㄽὴࡣᩍ ࡍࡿពᛮࡢ࠶ࡿ࣑࣎࣊࠾࠸࡚ࡍࡽ䣍㝎ୗࡢᣦ♧ࡀ࠸ࡕ࠸ࡕ䣍㏆ぶࡢ 䢣 ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣍㞃ᐦᐑᘐࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࡛ඪὴࢆ⤖ᡂࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ㅖ ࡋ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡍ࡚࡛ࡍ䣎ẊࡣỴ᩿ຊࡢ࠶ࡿࡓ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋࡣࢃࡓࡋ䣬࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡓ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࢃࡓ ࡑࡢࡣࡇࡢࢃࡓࡋ㟈࠼ࡇ࡞ࡿࡶ▱ࢀࢇ࡞䣎 61 ࠸ࡀ ┿࡞ၥ㢟ࡍ࡚ࢃࡓ䣬࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡦࡘ࠶ࡿ䣎Ỵ᩿ࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿྰࡔ䣎 60 240 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ఏ࠼ࡓ䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 䢣 ࠶ࡿࡢチୖ䣬࡚ࡺ࡞࠸▱ᜨ࡞࿚ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠸࡞ࡿ▱ᜨ࡛࠶ࢀ䣍⏕ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ၏୍ࡢ᰿※࡛ ࡔࡀ㛗࠸㛫ᚅᮃࡋࡓ┠ᶆ฿㐩ࡋ䣍 ࡿΰࡽࡢฟཱྀࡣぢฟࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣྠពࡋࡓ 䢣 ࡑࢀᚑࡢḧồࡶ㙠ࡲ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍᳃ࡢ୰ࢆྠ ࡑ࠺ࡍࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 䢣 ேࡢḧồࡀ ࡤࡶࡣࡸἨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡢὶࢀ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ἠࡣୖࡽὶࢀ࡚᮶ࡿࡶࡢ䣍㏫ὶࡣࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎Ἠࡶගᙜࡓࢀ ࡌࡼ࠺㋃ࡳ㏞࠸䣍ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ጞᮎࡔ䣎 ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ 㐃୰ ࡢᩍ ㄝࢆ ᧦ㆤࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ௵ ࡉࢀࡓ㧗 ⪷⫋⪅ ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ᐇ䣍᧦ㆤࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ䣍▱䣬࡚࠸ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࢀࡣ࠾⪃࠼㐪࠸࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ䣬ࡾィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚࡚ࡇࡑ䣍 యࢆᨭ㓄࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍୍Ṍ୍ṌṌ࠸࡚ࡺࡅࡤ╔ᐇ┠ᶆ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ ࡿࡒ䣍ᩍࡢ㈈ᐆᆅኌᮃࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣬࡚ࡲࡔດຊࡍࡿ್ᡴࡕࡢ ࡢᐆࡤࡾ⌧ୡࡢ㈈ᐆࡀ࠺ࡎࡓࡃ✚ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶ࡿሗ㓘ࡔᛮ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㛫ࡣ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢⶶࡣ䣍ಙ௮ ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀࡑࡢ┠ᶆࡇࡑࡀለⴠࡔゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ㄪࡍࡿ ࡣ䣍ఱᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺࡛ࡶࡼࡃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎ே㛫ࡓࡿࡶࡢ⚄ 䢣 ࢆΰྠࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢேࡀ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ഛ࠼ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎௦ࡀ࢞ࣛ䣹ኚࢃࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࡔࡅࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ㊥㞳ࢆసࡿࡢࡣ䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㏆࠸ ࡶ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀྜពࡋ䣍ྠᵝࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢᖹࡽ࡞㐨ྜពࡋࡓㅖໃຊ࡛ ࡣಶูࡢࡶࡢ࡞࡞ࡃ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡀ୍ᮏࡢ㙐ࡪࡽୗࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑ࠺ ⪅ྠኈࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ゝ࠼ࡿ䣍䣓㝎ୗࡣ䣍⋤ෙࡀᕼᮃࡢᅜ࠶ࡿ㛫ࡣ䣍 ࡉ࠼䣍⤖᮰ࡢ⏑ࡉᛌࢆឤࡌ࡚᧔㏥ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀṧࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࢇᡭ⥘ࢆᘬࡅࡠ䣍ࢇᢚ࠼ࡁࢀࡠ⃭ࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢḧồࡀ ࡣ䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚᩗ࡞ࡿࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ⚾ேࡋ࡚࡞ࡽࡑࢀ࡛Ᏻᚰࡍࡿࡀࡼࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᅜᐙ ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡣණࡢ௦ࢃࡾ⋤ෙࢆࡪࡾ䣍௦࠼࡚⋤➖ࢆᡭᥱ ࡢ─䣍⚄ࢆෑ℔ࡋ䣍ለⴠࡍࡿ─ࡢ࠺ࡔ䣎࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ༙ศࡀ࠸ ࠼ࡢᡭṧ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㔜ࡾࢆ⛗ࡢ୍᪉ࡢ─ࡤࡾࡏࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡶᝏ࠸࠺ ࣝࣇᖇࡣ୧㝕Ⴀࡢᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡘ⛗ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡁࡓࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䣔ࡑ࠺ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣎࠸ࡸ䣍࡞࠾ᝏࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻ ࡾ䣍ᛰ࡞⣸ࡢᯖࡢୖ࡛╀ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡣ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢᚚୡࢆ⏛ࡽࡏ࡚࠾ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡑࢀࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࣂ࢚ࣝࣥ䣎㑧 ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⨶㔪┙࡛ࡍ䣎ᕹࢆᙇࡾ䣍࢜䤀ࣝࢆ࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀ௵ࡉ ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡣ䣍ṇ☜࡞㔪ࡼ䣬࡚ࡣࡿ࡞ࡿᴟᫍࡢ᪉ゅࢆ♧ࡋ ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢫ࣌ࣥࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢຓ⾑ࢆ䣬࡚࢜ࣛࣥࢲࢆྲྀࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡢ䣎࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖ䣍ࡑࡢே⮬㌟ࡢ࡞ࡢ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺࠾ヰ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎ㄡࡋࡶࡲࡎ➨୍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆࡎࡿࡶ ࡲࡔࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡢᙺ⫋ࡶ␗➃⪅༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ ᚰ࡞ࡁᩗ࡞Ẋୗࡣ䣍ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡀఱࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾ศ ᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᖇෙྥ࠺ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡢ⾜ࡃᡭࢆ㐽ࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠸䣬ࡓࢇ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡀΰࡋ࡚ᙅయࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍 ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᏛ㛗ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ ࡣཌࡲࡋ࠸ᩍྰᐃㄽ⪅ࡢ ኌࡀ㡪ࡁࢃࡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 58 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᏛၥࡣ▱ᜨࢆồࡵࡲࡍࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡣಙ௮ᚰ⠜࠸ᑟᖌ 241 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡣ⚄ࢆ⏽ᛧࡍࡿ࠾ᚰࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ䣎ᩍ ┠ࡢୗ⏫ࡀ䣎㐨ࡔ䣍ᗈሙࡔ䣍ே࡛⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ➨ᖥ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᒃᇛࡢᗈ㛫䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ❧䣬࡚ᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ∗ୖᣏㅜࡍࡿࡇ䣍ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ࠾チࡋࡀฟࡓ䣎ヰࡋ ྜࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡽࡤ䣍ẖ᪥䣍ẖ䣍ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ࠾࠸࡞ࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗࡣ࠸ࡘ࠸࡞ࡿࡶᡬࡣ㛤ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠾ᮃࡳ࠶ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞ࡿᐑ୰ேࡀ⁄ࢀࡿ㉃༤ࡸ⯙㋃ࡢࡣ࡞䣎ᐁ ᡣᐊ࡛ࡶᵓࢃࢇࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ❧࠸ࡢࡶ࡛࡞ࡽ䣎 ࡘ࠸ඛࡔ䣬࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㝎ୗࡩࡓࡾࡁࡾ࡛䣬ࡓࡀ䣍㝎 ࡞࠸䣎࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡽྰᐃࡋ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎 ࡑࡇ㞃ࢀ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡢヰࢆ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ ୗࡀ㞃ࡋᡬᢞࡆࡅ࡚࠸ࡓẼࡶࡑࡒࢁ࡞ど⥺ࡽ᥎ࡋ㔞ࡿ䣍ఱ⪅ࡀ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡤ⾜ࡁࡲࡍࡋ䣍ṧࡿࡇࡀᚲせࡔ࠾⪃࠼ྊࡉࢀࢀࡤṧࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 㝎ୗࡣྩ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᚑࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣎⾜ࡅࡌࡽࢀࢀ ᮃࢇ ‒ ࢃࡀᚰࡣ㟷௦㏞࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ⫱䣬ࡓࢫ࣌ࣥࢆ㞳 ࢀ࡚䣍ࢻࢶࡢᾏ㎶ࡀ࠾ࡰࢁࡆỈᖹ⥺ୖᾋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ࿌ࡆࡽࢀࡓ䣍 䢣 ࡾ ࡑࡇⅉ ᅜ ࡀỌ 㐲 ࡞ࡿࡶ ࡢࡢ⦕ ⏥ᯈ㥑ࡅୖࡀࡾ䣍୧⭎ࢆᗈࡆ࡚ྉࢇࡔ䣎♽ᅜࡼ䣍࠸ࡋ࠸♽ᅜࡼ䣎 䢣 䢣 ࢫ࣌ࣥࡽ䣍ࡲ ࡇࡇࡣᬯ࠸ࡢ䣎 ࡑ ࠺ ゝ ࠺ ♽ඛ ࡀ ࠾ࢃ ࡍ ᅜ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ᛮ࠼ ࡿ ࡞ 䢣 ࡽᾋࡧୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡾࡀぢ࠼ࡿ࡞䣎⩼ࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࢆໟࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 䢣 䥹ỿࡴࡼ࠺ᗙࡾ㎸ࡴ䥺 ࡶࡣࡸࢻࢶࡢᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍ኳୖࡢᅜࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎 䢣 ࡇཝࡋ࠸つᚊࡢୡ⏺ࡽࢃࡓࡋࡣࡸ䣬࡚᮶࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ྥ䣬࡚ᛴ࠸ 䢣 ࡛ ࡺࡃ 䢣 ࡛ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ་⪅ࢆ࠾ࡧࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡼࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨసぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎⬦ࡀ Ṇࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎་⪅ࢆ䣎࠾ຓࡅࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣍㏿ࡃ䣎㝎ୗࢆ࠶ࡕࡽࡢ㒊ᒇࡢ࣋䣹ࢻ ࠾㐠ࡧࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ᬑẁࡼࡾᝏ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࡣ⪃࠼ࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ゝ࠺ࡇࢆ⪺ࡃࡢࡶ᭹ᚑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡋࡓࡍࢀࡤ䣍௧ࡼ䣬࡚ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ேࡢ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ࡇࢀ௨ୖᝏ࠸ࡇࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸䣎㝎ୗࡣ ᭱ᝏࡢࡇࢆࡇ࠺ࡴࡽࢀࡓ䣎ⓚᖇࡣஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣍࠾ࡽࡔࡀᅇࡉ ࣝࣥࣉ ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭࠸ࡲࡍ䣎⬦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑ䣬ゐ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ୗࡉ࠸䣎 ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡆ࡛࡞࠾ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ䣭䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࡶ䣍ࡎࡋࡉ࡛ ࡲ࠼ྠㄪࡋ䣍ṇࡋ࠸ၿ࡞ࡿே࡛࠶ࡿⓚᖇ㏫ࡽ࠺ࡇ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢチᛴ࠸࡛ࡺࡁ䣍᳔Ꮚࡢഐࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺Ẽ㧗ࡃ䣍 ࢆࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸࡇࢀ௨ୖᡃ៏ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡼࡑ⪅ࡀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ࢃࡀ୍㛛ࡢ⤖᮰ࢆࡍࡇ ࢀࡼ࠺䣎 ࡶၿ㌿ࡌࡿࡼ࠺䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ⚃⚟ࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡓࡽࡋ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ⏫ࡼ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ࡞ࡋࡓᝏ ྾࠺ࡓࡧ྾࠸ᡠࡋ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡢே௦ࢃ䣬୍࡚㌟③ࡳࢆᢸ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࿚䣬ࡓ䣎࡛ࡣࡸࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎㍍⋡㣕ࡧฟࡋࡓゝⴥࢆ୍ᜥ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ึࡵࡣᛣࡾࢆࡇࡵ࡚࿚ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣎 242 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ᩗࡋ࡚䣍ᰂ࡞ࡿẊࡼ䣎 ࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ☜࡞║ຊࡼ䣬࡚ࡢࡳ䣍௦ࡀ㏞㊰ࡢࡼ࠺㋃ࡳ㏞䣬࡚࠸ 㢠ࡲ࡛㉥ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ᖇᅜࡣ㤳㛗ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡋ䣬ࡾ 䥹ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 䢣 ఱ⪅ࡔ䣍 ࡸᖹࡶ࠾ࡲ࠼ ࡛ᫍࡣ࡞࠸䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡔ䣎 ௦ࢆಙࡌ䣍ಙ௮ࡢ࠺ࡕṚࡠ䣎 䢣 ࡢࡓࡵᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣍ࢇၿⰋ࠸࠺௨ୖ䣎ࡸࡘࡢ㠃ಽࡶぢ࡚ 䢣 ⇞࠼ࡉࡿ⟨ᫍࡼ䣎㟭㟝ࡤࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ఱ࠸࠺ጁ࡞ࡿ㡢Ⰽࡔ䣎ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣬䣍⥆ ࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍⋢ᗙᗙࡿ⪅ࡣ⤫ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍◚ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ 䢣 ࡶ䣍ⓙࡶᖹࢆ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ዶࡀጞࡲ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎 䣎 ࡞ጼ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍ࡣ⏽ࢀᩗࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡿࡁࡶࡢࡔ▱ࢀ䣎 䢣 ࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ ࡾࢃࡅ⚄ࡢࡓࡵᡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⮬㈇ࡍࡿࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ࡶྠ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎㉢࠺ࡁ⨥ࢆΎ⟬ࡋࡓࡽ䣍⾨රࡢࡼ࠺ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡀᙉ࠸ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣍ᐇࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎 ᵝᙉࡃ࠶ࢀ䣎ࡔࡀཝࡋࡃࡣࡍࡿ࡞䣎࠾ࡲ࠼䣬࡚᭱㧗ࡢࡶࡢࡣ䣓ಙᛕ䣔 㝎ୗࡢ࠾ࡑࡤ࡛࠾ㆤࡾࡋࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍ࡢேࠎࡢಙᛕࡶᩗពࢆᡶ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣ⚄⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣎⚄ ࡣ㏞࠼ࡿ⪅ࡶᩍ࠼ࢆᆶࢀࡿࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎እࡢୡ⏺ྠᵝ䣍⚄ࡣே㛫ࡢᚰࡶ 䥹୧බ䣍ཤࡿ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠶࠶䣍ࡇࡢᩗ࡞ࡓࢆ୧Ẋୗࡉࡲ࠾௵ࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ኪศࡅࡽࢀࡓ䣎║ࡣ⤯࠼ࡊࡿගࡣ⪏࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡇ࡛⚄ ࡣᆅᖹ⥺ᬯ㜌ࡑࡢඃࡋ࠸㟼ࡅࡉࢆᘬࡁୖࡆ⤥࠺䣎ࡍࡿឤぬࡀ┠ぬࡵ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ୍⮴ࡔ䣍⤖᮰ࡏࡼ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ㏕䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ᖺᐤࡾࡢୡ௦ࡣ Ṛ⤯࠼ࡿ䣎⤎ࡀࡅࡓࡽ䣍ⓙࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞ࡿ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾ࡩࡓࡓࡣ࠾Ⓨࡕ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡢែ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ே㛫ࡢ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞䣍ࡢග࡛▱䣬ࡓࡇࡤ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ Ⓨ䣬ࡓࡔ䣎࡞ࡽࡤ࡞࠾ࡢࡇࡼ࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡔࡅẼࡀᴦ࡛䣍Ẽศ ឤ⏑࠸ᡓុࡀ㨦ᾐࡳࢃࡓ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡔࡀኪࡤࡾ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍᭱ᝏ ࡾࡔ䣎 ࡀⰋࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎✵Ẽࢆ྾ࢃࡏࢁ䣎❆㎶⾜ࡁࡓ࠸䣎 ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍⚄ࡣ≀⢭㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵ䣍᳃⨶㇟ࡢኌࢆᅽಽ ࡓࡿኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎ࡇࢀࡀ⚄ࡔ䣍⚄ࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿἲ๎ࡣỌ㐲ࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡽ ࡕࢆぢୖࡆ䣍ࡑࡢᜏ࡞ࡿᅇᖐࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ᙼࡽࡢ⬚ࡢ࠺ࡕ㡪ࡁࢃ ᫇ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀึࡵ࡚ே⏕ࡢᖌࢆ▱䣬ࡓሙᡤ㏨ࡆ࡚⾜䣬ࡓ䣎ୣࡽᫍࡓ ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺ࡼ࠸䣍ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ୡࡢ୰ࡣ㠃ಽࢆぢ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓࡇሗ 䣬࡚⾜䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎✵Ẽࡀ྾࠸ࡓ࠸䣎䥹❆㎶ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣘ䤀 ࡍࡿ䥺ࡔࡀࡑࢀࡣᚰࡢࡳ࡛䣍㊊⭜ࡣࡄࡽࡘࡃ࡞䣎᳔Ꮚࢆ❆ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋᣢ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱࢆ⏦ࡍ䣎ⱝ࠸ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ䣎䥹❧ࡕୖࡀࢁ࠺ ࣝࣥࣉ Ẋ䣍࠾㐃ࢀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࡋࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍㟼ᐢࡀ᮶ࢀࡤ࡞࠾䣍᳃⨶㇟ࡢኌࡶవ㡩ࢆᘬࡃ䣎⚄⮬ࡽࡀே ࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ྾࠺ࡔࡅ྾࠸ᑾࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡀࢇࡔぢࡿࡸ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡣᬯ㜌ࡢே㛫ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᬯ㜌ࡢத࠸ࡈ᎘Ẽࡀࡉࡋ࡚䣍 㛫࡞䣬࡚ே㛫ࡢチࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ䣍ࡦࡘࡢᫍ䣍ࡢ㈼ேࡓࡕࢆ㐵ࢃ ྾࠸ྲྀ䣬ࡓ᭱Ⰻࡢຊࢆࡦࡅࡽࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎䥹ᗙࡿ䥺❆ࢆ㛤ࡅ䣎 ࠺Ẽࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍࠾⪃࠼ୗࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎࠸ࡘࡶ㝎ୗࡣእẼᙜࡓࡽࡠࡼ ࡋࡰ ࡋࡓ䣎ᙼࡽࡣ࠾ࡢࡀཿᬛ࠸࠺៏ᚰࢆᨺࡾฟࡋ䣍ࡢ༳ ᚑ䣬࡚㤿ᑠᒇ ఱ㡢ᴦ࡛ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎 ࡲ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ䣎ࡑࡇࡣ⨺㣫࠸ࡶࡍ࡛᮶࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡣࡿᙼ᪉ࡽኳ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗ䣍ఱࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣎 ࡣ䣍ᖹࡼ䣍ᖹࡼ䣍ḷ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 䢣 57 ࡢࡇゐࢀ࡚ඖẼ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎ఱ࠸࠺ẼᣢࡕⰋࡉ䣍ఱⰋ࠸ࡇࡔ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶࡣࡸⓚᖇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡦࡾࡢே㛫࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ᙜࡓࡾ๓ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞ࡽࡤ㐲࠸௦ࡽ㡪࠸࡚ࡃࡿίኪࡢవ㡩ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࡢ 243 ࡣᝒࢆ⥅ᢎࡍࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡽࢀࡳࢆぬ࠼ࡿ䣎࠶ࡢ⏨ࡣᰤᚰ⁒ࢀ࡚ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ୖ䣎ࡇࡢࡦ࠸ᘵத࠸ࡣ⤊ᜥྥ࠸䣍ἲⓗᶒࡢ࠶ࡿୖṇᙜᛶࡀ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ 䥹᳔Ꮚࡽ❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡲࡉࡑࡢࡇ࡛ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࢃࡀ㧗㈗࡞ᐙࡢ⪅ࡣ⚄௨እࡢఱ⪅ࡶࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸ ࡓ䣎㈐ࡵࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣయࡢࡇࢆẼ㐵䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍᭤ࡀ䣬ࡓ 㥑ࡅ㎸ࢇ࡛⾜䣬ࡓ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶ㥑ࡅ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍Ṍ࠸࡚ࡣ⾜䣬 ࡢࡇࡀ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍᫂᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ⓙ䣍Ẽ㐪࠸ࡌࡳࡓ ࡽ࠺ࡇࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸ぢࡓ䣎ࡔࡀே㛫ࡣ็㑣ࡢࡳ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺ ࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ௦ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡀⓙ䣍ྠࡌᜍᛧືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠸䣍㈼᫂ࡓࡵ ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ᐇࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎㏕ࡾ᮶ࡿᮍ᮶ࢆᛮ࠺㈐ࡵⱔࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ ࡶࡢ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣከࡃࡢኻᩋࢆࡋࡓ䣎ㄆࡵࡿ䣎ୡࡢ୰ࢆ㈼᫂࡞ࡶࡢࡔᛮ䣬 ࠸ࡿ㟝ࡢ୰ࡽ䣍࠸࠺᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ࠶ࡿ῝࠸㇂ୗࡾ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡽ࠸࠺ ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ṍࢇࡔᙧࡢࡶࡢࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ᒣࡢ㡬䣬࡚ ࡾΰࡐྜࢃࡏࡽࢀࡿ䣎⤖ᯝ䣍ࢆᡂࡋ⤊࠼ࡿ䣍㧗㈗࡞⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡛ ࡓ ࡵ 㐨 ල ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ ຓ ࡅ ࡿ ⪅ ࡓ ࡕ ࡢ ᭤ ࡀ 䣬 ࡓ ᕫ ᚰ ࠸ ࠺ ⇕ ࡀ ࡓ䣬 㧗㈗࡞⪅ࡢ⣧┿࡞ດຊࡣ䣍⮬ࡽࡦࡾ࡛ࢆ࡞ࡋ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢ ᛮ䣬࡚ࢆ࡞ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ែࡣᝏ࠸࠺⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡘࡲࡾࡇ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࢆࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡼࡾཝࡋࡃࡅ࠸࠺ࡢ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣⰋࢀ 䥹୧බ䣍❧ࡕୖࡀࡿ䥺 ࡿࡢࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃࡢࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎 ㌴ࡀ㞜ᮌ୍య࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡽ䣍㐜ࠎࡋࡓືࡁࡢ࠺ࡕࢆ♧ࡍࡢࡔ䣍 ࡐࢇࡲ࠸ࡀᛴࡁࡓ࡚ࡿィࡣ䣍ᶵᲔࡀ୍Ẽᅇ㌿ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺䣍୰ᚰࡢṑ ࡓࡇࡀΰࡊ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ࡞䣬࡚ศࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ䣎 ហࡉࡢᏊࡶࡓࡿே㛫ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍ࡑࡇࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㤿㮵ࡆ ࡺࡃ⌧ᐇㄪࡉࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡽࡔ䣎ே㛫ࡢࡁࡲࡾ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ ࡔࡀ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸䣎ࡑࡢ⾜ືࢆ䣍㐃㙐ࡋ࡚ ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣᵝࠎ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᘝࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡽ䣎 ࡀࡼ࠸䣎㠀㞴ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡓࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡛䣍⊂ࡾࡼࡀࡾ࡞ࡒࡲࡸࡋࡔឤࡌ ᇛಟ㐨㝔ࡢൔᡣ࡞䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࡲ࠶䣍ᨭ㓄⪅࡞ࡿ ࡌࡿ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶᛀᜠࡣ䣍᥀ࡾேኵࡢ㗟ࡼࡾ῝ࡃ᥀ࡿࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣎ࡇࡢ ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶṚࢆᚅࡘࡇࡋࡼ࠺䣎㛗ࡃࡣࡽ࡞࠸䣍ࡑ࠺ឤ ᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍ᙼࡀࢫ࣌ࣥࡢ⪷ࣘࢫࢺ䣶ࢫಟ㐨㝔࡛Ṛࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚ ୡࡀࡘ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆぢᤞ࡚࡚㏥ࡋࡓ䣍ࡶ䣬ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ࡣୡ⏺ぢ ࡚య࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣ䣍ศࡉࢀࡿࡇ⪏࠼࡞࠸ࡽ࡞䣎∗ࡢ࢝䤀ࣝ ᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡼࡋ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡍ࡚ࡢ㒊ศࡀࡲࡲ䣬 ᘵࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࢆࡵ䣍࣑࣎࣊ࢆࡶᑗ᮶࡛࡞ࡃࡶ䣍 ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍⋤ᅜࢆᚲせࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢࡓࡵᅜࡣᏑ⥆ࡉࡏࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࡢࡇࡣゝ࠺࡞䣎࣑࣎࣊⋤ࡣ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣㅉࡵ ᕫᚰ㏞ࢃࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㈐ࡵࡿࡢࡣࡓࡔࡦࡾ䣍ࡣࡑ ࠸࠺ࡇࡶศࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᆅ ࡀࢇࡂ ࡢྡࢆゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣࡘ࡚㍍ࡋ䣍ࡉࡽࢇࡔࡀ䣍 ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ேࡣṚࡡࡤᆅᶓࡓࢃࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ⏨ࡓࡿ⪅ࡶබࡶ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ ࡞ⱥ㞝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⯙ྎࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ែࡀࡇ࠺࡞䣬ࡓࡽࡣᘚゎࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࡣཱྀࢆࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎 ࠸ࡓ䣎ࡸࡘࡀୡࡢ୰ࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡍࢀࡤ䣍ୡࡢ୰ࡣ࠾ࡢࢀࡢ↓ෆᐜ 䢣 䥹୧බ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䥺 ࡘࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑࢀࡼࡾἽࡁࡓ࠸Ẽᣢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࡢ㔜࠸ࡽࡔ࡛ࡣࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃࡢࡶ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 244 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ᗘ㤿ຊ࡛ໃ࠸ࡀࡘ࠸࡚⯙࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍ࡉࡽ㔝ࢆ㉺࠼䣍⸭ࢆ㉺࠼䣍 ࢆᘬ࠸࡚䣍ࡶ࠺༑ศࡔᛮ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ⋇ࡢ࠺ࡣ䣍ᛶ㉁ࡀẼ㧗࠸࠺࠼ຍ㏿ ࢆᡂᑵࡏࢇࡀࡓࡵ䣍㤿ᢿ㌴ࢆࡅࡿ䣎┠ᶆ฿㐩ࡍࢀࡤ䣍㥽ᡭࡣᡭ⥘ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡶࡃࢀ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓ䣎ᖇᅜࡢᦂ⡛ᮇࡽ∗♽௦ࠎࡢᒃఫᆅࡔ䣬ࡓ࢘䣵 ࡓࡋࡢసရ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡀ⋢ᗙࡣࡇࡇ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ⏕Ẽₚࡿ ㇏㣭ࡾࡘࡅࡓࡶࡢ䣍ேࡢᡭࡲ࡛ຍ࠼࡚ࡵࡋࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡣࢃ ࡽ䣎࠺ࡔ䣍㉕ࢆจࡽࡋ䣍ᩘከࡢሪẼရ࠶ࡿᘓ≀㣭ࡽࢀ䣍⚄ࡀࡍ࡛ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍┠ⓗࡸࡽண ࡞ゝ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ᪉ࡀ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࢀ ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡲࡔඖᡠࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡢヰࡔࡀ䣎 ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ䣍ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣ䣍ᭀຊẅᡘࡢ◁₍ࡢ୰࠶䣬࡚ᰤ࠼ࡿ࢜ࢩࢫࡢ ࡢᆅࡇࡢ࠸ࢃࡋ࠸⏫ࢆᚋ⏕Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ୡ⏺୰ࡀ࿘ࡾ࡛ᡓࢆࡋ 䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡉ࠼ࡶ㟼ᒃᚰᆅࡼࡃఫࡳ╔࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇ ࡲ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡣࡳ࡞䣍㈗බࡶᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡸ䣍㊊ ࡈࡃ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢኊ㯇ࡉࢇ࡛䣍ลࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ ࡳ 㡢ࡀ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡈ⮬㌟ࡔࢁ࠺䣎እ㛛ࢆぢ⾜ࡇ࠺䣎 䣎ࡋࡋࡇ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎ᝏᛶࡢ⒗ࡣࡽࡔࡌ䣮࠺ࡢᝏ࠸యᾮࢆᘬࡁ ࡣ 䥹ࡩࡓࡾ䣍ୗᡭࡢᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ᐤࡏ࡚⭉ᩋṧࡢ※࡞ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀྠࡌࡼ࠺䣍㛗ࡽࡃയࡘࡅࡽࢀࡎ 䤀ࣥࡉ࠼ࡶ䣎ࡇࡢഇၿⓗ࡞㟼ࡅࡉࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣᚰᆅࡼ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ୰ ⏿ࢆ㉺࠼࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㤿㖱ࡀ᪸ࡪࡾࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡲ࡛✺䣬㉮ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡽඖ ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃࡢࡔ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣝࣥࣉᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡿ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ࡑࡢ๓ࢆ⾜ࡃ䥺 ࡁࡓ࠾ࡲ࠼ᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢᡓࡢⅆ✀ࡣ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼⏫ࡌ䣮࠺ࢆෆࡉࡏ࡚࠾ ࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋጞࡵࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㡿ᅵ࡛ࡑࡢⅆ✀ࡣᡓ࠸ࢆᣮ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗ䣍␒රࡢ↓ศูࢆ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎┘どᅇࡉࢀࡓ⏨ࡣ㝎 ୗࡢ࠾ጼࢆ▱ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡳ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕลࢆྥࡅ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㈗᪘ࡓࡕࡢ㤳ࢆอࡡ䣍எዪ ఱ ே ࡶ ❧ ࡕ ධ ࡿࡇ ࢆ チ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࠸ ࠺ ௧ ᚑ 䣬 ࡢ㐠࡞ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎 䢣 ၿ⾜ᝏ࡛ሗ࠸ࡿ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ䣎 䥹࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ୧බ䣍ᡞཱྀ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 ヰࡋኌࡀࡍࡿࡀ䣍ㄡ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᩛࡋ࡚ษࡾ⪅ࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᮫ࡣࡇ⾜䣬ࡓ䣎⭸ࡢຊࡀᢤࡅࡓ䣎ㄡࡶ୰ධࢀࡿ࡞䣎እ࡛ ࿚䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 䢣 ࡽࡢ㧥ࢆࢀࡉࡏ࡚䣍∗ぶࡢ㎯ࢆ㎯࡛㉢ࢃࡏࡿࡢࡔ 䣎ࡑࢀࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺࠺࡞ࡎࡃ䥺 ࣘ 䤀ࣜ ࢘ ࢫ ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᐇ㦂ᐊࡢධࡾཱྀࡀ㛢㙐ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄆࡵ࡚䣍᮫࡛ᣦࡋ♧ࡍ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᘬ䣬ࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚䥺࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡣ㝎ୗࡢᏳࡢࡓ ࡵࡢᥐ⨨࡛䣍↓⏝ࡢ⪅ࡀධࡿࡢࢆ㜵ࡈ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡢࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 56 ࣝࣥࣉ බẊୗࡢ࠾ࡩࡓࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ᭷㞴࠸ࡇ䣎 ᖇࡀࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣⓚᖇࡔ䣎⮬ศࡀேࡔឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ᅃࢃࢀࡢ㌟࡛࠶䣬 ⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡋࡋጁ࡞᮶ࡓ࡞䣎䥹⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚ࡽ䥺ୡ㛫࡛ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ࡼࡃ᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎 ࡚ࡶ䣎ࡺ࠼䣍ࢃࡀᚰࡢ③ࡳࡼ䣍ᾘ࠼࡚࡞ࡃ࡞ࢀ䣎ởࡉࢀࡓጾཝࢆᛣࡿ ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡶ㸽 ࡶ䣬ࡶ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ䣎ྂࡁࡶࡢࡣཤࡾ䣍᪂ࡋࡁ ௵ࡏࡼ䣎ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣍ㄡࡢᴗ䣎ᘵࡀࢃࡓࡋࡢ⋤ෙࢆ⬣ࡋࡓࡢ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡶࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎ࡋ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ⏝ࡣὙ♩ࡢ㣗䣍ࡑࢀࡶⴿᘧ䣎 ⮬ศࡢᮏᛶᚑ䣬࡚⾜ືࡋࡓࡲ࡛ࡔ䣎䥹❆㎶ᐤ䣬࡚䥺ࡔࡀࡇࡢ⏫ࡁࡓ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᘵࢆឡࡉ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎⮬ᝮࢀᒇ࡛䣍᪉ࡢ࡞࠸ࡸࡘࡔࡀ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ධࡿࡇࡔ䣎ฟ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࡔゝ࠼䣎ࡑࢀࡶࢃࡓࡋࡀࡔ䣍ⓚ 245 ⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ๓䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚ඛࡢ㐣ࡕࡢ࠾ルࡧࢆࡉࡏ ࡋࡲࢃࢀࡓ࡚䣍⭎ࡢ⾑⟶ࡀษ㛤ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ⯙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ࡛ ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ྉࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡇࢁࡀࡋࡀࡓ䣍✺↛䣍ໟᖏࢆ⭎ࡽ ᚑ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㕲᱁Ꮚࡂࢃ࡛Ⲩࢀ࡚䣍ุᐁࡔ䣍ุࡋࢁ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࡞࠸ࡓ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⾑ࡣ᭱ᚋࡢ୍ࡲ࡛㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ࠶ࡿ䣎ᡭࢆࡅࢁ䣎ゝ࠺ࡇࢆ ࡓᡭࢆࡅࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡢ㯮࠸࠺ࡕࡣ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡣࡉࡏࢇࡒ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ఱࡈࡔ䣎ⓚᖇࡀ␒ර㊊Ṇࡵࡉࢀࡿࡣ䣎㤶Ἔࢆሬࡽࢀࡓ ᘬࡁࡴࡋࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎⾑ࡣࡃࡃฟࡲࡍࡀ䣍ᡬࡀ㛢ࡲ䣬࡚࠸࡚ࡣࡧ ࡁࡡࡤ䣍ᒆࡁ࡞┿ఝࡢൾ࠸ࡣṚࡔ䣎 䥹ᡭࢆ࠶࡚ࡀ䣬࡚䣍ୗᡭ㏥ ฟࡉࢀࡓ་⪅ࡶධ䣬࡚ࡺࡅࡲࡏࢇ䣎㘽ࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡃࡔࡉࡽࡡࡤ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡣ ሙ䥺 Ṇࡲࢀ䣎ୗࡀࢀ䣎 ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸࡛ࡍ䣎 246 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ഐࡽࡘ࠸࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ࡇࡢ୍▐࠶ࡢࡓࡢࡀ䣬࡚࠸ ࡇࢀࡣࡼࡃ࠾⪃࠼ୗࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡀ㘽ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛䣍ࣘ䤀 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᣦ࡛ᣦᅗࡍࡿ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ䣍Ⓩሙ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁ㠉ࡢ๓ࡅࢆࡘࡅࡓ⫋ே䣎 ࢝䤀ࢸࣥⶸࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ➨୕ᖥෑ㢌ྠࡌᇛෆࡢ㒊ᒇ䣎ቨ㱥≧ࡢ❑ࡳࡀୖᡭᚋᬒ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ୗࢁࡋࡓ ሙ㠃㌿ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹㘽ࢆ࣋ࣝࢺࡽᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚䥺ࡉ࠶䣍ᛴࡄࡢࡔ䣎 ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡢྡኌࡸ್ᡴࡕࡶ࡛ࡍ䣎࠶ࡢࡓ⮬ ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡼ䣬࡚䣍⏕ࡁ≀ࢆᘬࡁ࠸࡚㈎ࡾ㣗࠺⋇ࡋ࡚࡛ ࡉࢀࡓࡇ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࢆ㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡓࡶࡢࢆุᐁࡢ๓࡛⮬ࡽ㔘᫂ࡍࡿࡇ ࡶ࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ኵ࡞ཌᯈ࡛ሰ࠸ࡔࡢ࡛䣍ᅛ࠸ቨࡢࡼ࠺㡹 ⫋ே 䥹࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆᘬ࠸࡚䣍ቨᡴࡕࡘࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ␃ࡵ㔠ᘬ䣬ࡅࡿ䥺ᡬࡣ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ௧࠾ࡾฟཱྀࡣࡇࡶሰ࠸ࡔ䣎ࡇࡇࡲࡓࡦࡘᡬࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡞ࡃ䣍ே㛫ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢୡࢆཤࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎Ύࡵࡽࢀࡣࡏࡎࡶ䣍ࡏࡵ࡚㉧ ࡛ࡍ䣎 ㌟䣍࠶ࡢࡓ㏆ࡋ࠸ࡓࡀࡓⓙ䣬࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡢ࡞ ࡋࢆཷࡅ࡚䣎ุỴἲࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹⫋ே䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡛ࡣእࡢ࠺ࢆぢ⾜䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 䥹ᾦࡃࡄࡶ ⓚᖇ 䥹ᡞࡢ㝵ẁ❧ࡕ䣍㘽ࢆᢞࡆ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡽ䣍ᙉ࠸ㄪᏊ࡛䥺࠶ࡢ⏨ࡣ 䢣 ࡾࢃࡅ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࢃࡀᅜ⋤ࡀ䣍ࡈ⮬ศ࡛ࡣᝏࢆ࡞ࡉࡿ࠾ࡘࡶࡾࡣ࡞ ࢀࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡸࡘࡢⓚᖇࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡸࡘࡢ 䣬ࡓ㟈࠼ࡿኌ࡛䥺ྩࡼ䣬࡚䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡼࢁࡵࡁࡘ ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ษࡾ⪅ࡦࡑ㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚䣍ᩛࡢᡓࡢᥭࡆ⏝ࡉࢀ ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡔ䣎 ࡘୗᡭ㏥ሙ䥺 ࡔࡀ䣍ุᐁࢆฟࡋᢤ࠸ุ࡚Ỵᖸ΅ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ᡞࡢ㝵ẁࢆୖࡾ䣍ぢ࠾ࢁࡋ࡚䥺ࡔࡵࡔ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 䢣 ࠸ࡓࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣎 ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᅜ⋤ࢆᑛᩗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࡣண ࡋ࡚ ࠾࠾䣍㝎ୗࡀࡈᐙ୰ࡢṇࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࢀࡿࡢ ࡣ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔ䣎ᡬࢆ⇿◚ࡋࢁ䣎 䢣 ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࢃࡅࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ྠᵝ䣍᩿ᅛࡓࡿែᗘ࡛ᅜᐙࡢṇࢆࡶྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡽࡢ࠺䣎ࡲࡲࡼ䣍 㤿ࡲࡓࡀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࡢែࢆᜍࢀࡿ㥽ᡭ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎㥽ᡭࡣࡏࡏ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ண ࡞࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍Ⅿⅆࡢࡈࡃ㥑ࡍࡿᐇ⾜࠸࠺ྡࡢዑ 㐣ࡂࡓࡇࡔ䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡓࡇࢁࡀྠᵝࡢࡀ࠶ࢀࡤྠᵝ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍࠸࡞ࡿ࡞ࡽࡎ 䣍ேࡀἲ⦡ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎ࡑࡢࡢே㛫ࡋ ㌟ࡢࡳࡣἲࢆචࢀࡓ࠸ࡃࡏ䣍⮬ศࡢ␎ዣࡀࡢἾᲬ㑧㨱ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ ኳࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍ᆅୖࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡶ䣎࡞ࡋࢁᝏඪ࡛ࡉ࠼䣍⮬ศ⮬ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍᮫࡛ኳࢆᣦࡍ䥺 ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ᚅ࡚ࡤᾏ㊰ࡢ᪥࠶ࡾ䣍ㅗ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍ேࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ࡣἲࡢࡇ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺➗࠺䥺 ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋࡁࡇ䣍ఱࡼࡾ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ጾගࢆởࡋࡓࡇࢆ࠾ルࡧࡍࡿࡶ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡘ࡚Ⰻࢀᛮ䣬࡚ ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ䣍㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ௨๓ᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡈ ᮏ᪥䣍ࣉࣛࣁ࠾㉺ࡋ࡞ࡾ䣍ㄪᙺࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⚝ከࡁࢆ௰ࡉࢀࡿ ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡓ䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ルࡧࡿ㌟ࡾ䥺㏆ࡃࡲ࡛࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ᮰࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ྠ䣍ᚚᐙࡢࡢࡈ㡿ࡀࡓࡀ 䣎බẊୗࡣࢻࢶ㉱ࢀ䣍ྩࢆ࠾Ᏺࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ䣍ᖇᅜࡢ➼᪘ࢆ⤖ ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㝎ୗࡣ⮬⏤ࡢ㌟࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡈ⮬ศࡢᅜࡢྩ࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔ അ↛ࡶ௧ࡀ᭤ゎࡉࢀ䣍㉃ࡅฟࡓసᡓࡀࡔ࠸࡞ࡋ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 チ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚䣍┠ࢆ₶ࡲࡏ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ௦ᘚࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ㢗ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ឤࡌ࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎බࡣᡓ㜚ࡢ㊅ໃࡀࡍ࡛Ỵࡲ䣬ࡓ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢ ࡌ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡣ㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡼࡾࡶ῝ࡃࡇࡢ㐠ࢆ ⪅䣬࡚ࡶேࡀᩛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡇ࡛䣍ከᩘὴࡀࢆࡵ䣍ከᩘὴ ≢ࡋࡓࡍ࡚ࡢ⨥ᑐࡋ࡚ൾ࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࠾ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࡢୡࡣ⛛ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢᡭࢆ୧ᡭ࡛ᥱ䣬࡚䥺࡛ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ䣎㝎ୗࡢ ࡶἲࡀࢆࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡣᡂࡾ ᗎࡢᚲせᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ䣍⛛ᗎࡣṇᑐࡢ࠾ࡒࡲ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䥺ࡶ࠺ ❧ࡓࡎ䣍බඹࡢ⚟࠸࠺⤎ࡣࡳ࡞ᕫᚰࡼ䣬࡚࠺ࡢ᫇ࡤࡽࡤࡽ ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ㉥〄ࠎࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤᜍࢀᡓ࠸࡚䣍 䢣 ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎㝎ୗࡢሙྜ㚷ࡳࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ᖇᅜࡢㅖࡀࡇࡢ ࡇࡢୡࡣඖࡢ㌶㐨ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡁࡲࡍ䣎 ࡅࡀ ᆅࡢ⭉ᩋࢆᚰᏳࡽഐほࡋ䣍⮬ศࡢ㌟ᑐࡍࡿᝏ࠸ඛ࡞ࡿࡇࢆᜍ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᆅࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ䣍ᗄᗘ᮫࡛ᆅ㠃ࢆ✺࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ࣝࣥࣉᨭ࠼ࡽ ࢀ࡚ᚋᬒ㐲ࡊ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 䢣 ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡛ࡶ࠾ᛮ࠸࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎㝎ୗࡢẸⲡ࡛ࡉ࠼ 䥹࣐ࢫࢣ䣹ࢺ㖠ࢆ⫪ᢸࡂ䣍࠸࠸ຍῶ࡞ṊࢆࡋࡓᕷẸࡀࡦࡾ䣍ୗᡭࡼ Ẋ䣍୍࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎㘽ࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࠺ࡋࡓ䣎 ᚑ 䥹ࡦࡾࡢᚑ䣍ୖᡭࡽ᮶࡚ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබᑠኌ࡛䥺 䣎 ࡾⓏሙࡋ䣍ࡇࡢሙࡢேࠎࢆ═ࡵᅇࡋ䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡢᣦᅗ࡛ࡶ᮶ࡓ࠺ 䢣 䣎↓ㄽ䣍⋤ᐑࡢㆤ⾨ර࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ⓚᖇ䣍㌟㟈࠸ࡍࡿ䥺 䢣 ࣝࣥࣉ ぢᙇࡾᙺ࡛ࡍ ་⪅ࡀࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢチධࡽࡏࢁせồࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࡾྥ࠸࡚䣍ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ࠺ࢆ䣍᥈ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ぢࡘ ᚑ ࡽᩛࢆ⏫ධࢀࡓ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚䣍ᇛ㛛ࡸ㤋ࡢ㛛ࢆ㜵ᚚ ࡵࡿ䥺 ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㆙ഛᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᕷẸ࡛ࡍ䣎࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᙼࡽࡣ䣍ࡇࡢࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽ ࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍㐲᪉ྥࡅ࡚ᣦࢆ❧࡚䣍ጾᄐࡍࡿ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ䣍ఱࡈ▱ࡾࡓࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࠾࠾䣍㝎ୗࢆឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ⏚ᚚࡢࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࡞䣎ಙ 247 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀሪ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ䣍ࢇ≬Ẽ㝗䣬࡚ ࡿࡉ䣎 ࡳࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢࣉࣛࣁࡽᧁ㏥ࡉࢀ࡚㏨ࡆሙࢆኻ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡕࡾࡖࡾ࡞ ࡢ❧ࡕ࠸ࡢࡶ䣍་⪅ࡢ❧ධࡾࡢࡳ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀 ࠾ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡓࡔࡋ᮲௳ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎໙␃ࡢಖドேࡓࡿࡇࡢ㝲㛗 ࢨ䤀ࡀฟ࡚⾜ࡃࡇࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡓࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶ㠀࠾㏉ࡋࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺䣎ࡔࡀࡣ䣍῭ࡲࢇࡀ䣍 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣍∖ࡢ䣎ࡶࡋ㈗බྠᵝࡢែࡀฟ᮶࠸ࡓࡋ ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸ồ፧⪅ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸㈉ࡂ≀ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡼ䣎 ࠾ᘬࡁྲྀࡾ㢪࠸ࡓ࠸䣎㈗බࡀᇛࡢ㒊ᒇࡽᨺ㏲ࡉࢀࡓⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡀ࡞ࡓ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㈗බࡽ䣍ࡇࢀࡀᙜ↛⮳ᴟࡢࡇゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎∼⊹ࡢࡼ࠺ᇛ ⏤ࢆጉࡆࢇ࡚䣍ࡍ࡚ࡢ㛛ࡢ㘽ࢆΏࡏゝࢃࢀࡓࡒ䣎ࡘ࠸ࡣࢀࡼࡾ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ࠾ࡼࡧᩘྡࡢᚑ⪅ࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚䣍ୗᡭࡽⓏሙ䣎ⰼቭࡢ๓ ᑐࡋ࡚㛛ᡞࢆ㛢ࡊࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡࡶ㏥ሙ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ✵Ẽࡣఱேࡶ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ⏫ࡣಙ⩏࡞ࡁษࡾ ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡇࡢ㘽ࡲ࡛ࡶ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ䣍ယࢀ࡞ᚰ⪅ࡢࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀᢲࡋ ࢩ䣻ࢺ䣶ࣝ ࣒ ࡛❧ࡕṆࡲࡿ䥺 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ⰼࢆぢ࡚࠺࡞ࡎࡃ䥺 ࢩ䣻ࢺ䣶࣒ࣝ ࣝࣥࣉ ⰼࡀࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᢡࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ኤࡢ く ᮶ ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡍ࡞䣎 ຊ ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ ࡃ ࢀ ࡿ ேࡀ ⮬ ⏤ ฟ ධ ࡾ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ࠶ ࡢ ࡓ ࡣ ᚲせ ࡞ ࡢ 䥹๓Ṍࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓⓚᖇ䣍❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍᮫࡛୕ᗘ䣍ᆅ㠃ࢆ✺ࡃ䥺 ࢀࡓ⻅⾜ຍᢸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎ࡺ࠼ᣊ⚗ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡶ⮳ᴟࡶ ᗞᖌࡀ⇃ᡭ࡛ࡲࡓᆒࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ໃࡢ⪅ࡀ ᮶ࡋࡓ㊊㊧࡛䣍ᗞࡢ㐨ࡀࡦࡃⲨࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 䣬ࡶ࡞ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡋࡋࡲࡉࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣᙉ┐ࡶ⤖クࡋ࡚䣍ኪ⾜ࢃ 㝎ୗ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡀ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡢࡣᔒࡢく᮶ࡢࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡔ䣎ࡔࡽࡑࡢ㘽ࢆ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 㘽ࡔ䣎་⪅ࡣ䣍⾑࡛⾑ࢆไࡋࡼ࠺䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡢ⭎ࡢ⾑⟶ࢆษࡾ㛤࠸ࡓ䣎 ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚䣍Ẽ㐪࠸⇕ᾋࡉࢀᛣࡾࢆ⮬ศྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡑࡢሪධࡿ ෆ䣍ࡑࢀࡶⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ࠾㒊ᒇࡢ๓ࡲ࡛ぢᙇࡾࢆ⨨ࡃࡣ䣎ฟධࡾࡢ⮬ ࠾ぢ࠼ࡔ䣎㝎ୗࡀእࡢ✵Ẽࢆ྾ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣチࡉࢀࡼ䣎 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍㘽ࢆᦠ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㝲㛗ࡶ᮶ࡿ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡁࡳࢆ᪉ࡘࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡸࡘࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎ࡽ࠺ⰼ᎑ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡓࡔࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡣ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 248 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⨥⛉ࡣุᐁࡀุỴࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡼ࠺䣎 ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠶ࡢࣛ࢜ࣥࡣ㝎ୗࡢᚚᡭࡽࡋ㣵ࢆཷࡅࡘࡅࡲ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ㄡࡀࡇࡢᆅࡢุᐁ࡞ࡿࡢ䣍ࡲࡔศ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡏࢇࡋ䣍ୡヰಀࡀ⏦ࡍ䣍៧㨚࡞ே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࠺࡞ࡔࢀ࡚పࡃ࠺ࡵ࠸࡚࠸ ࡛ࡣࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ䣍ᷦࡢ୰࡛㣵ࢆࡋࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⋇ࡓࡕࡢᵝᏊࢆぢࡿࡇ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㈗බࡀ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺࡞䣎 ࡿࡢࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබࢆㄆࡵ࡚䣍ᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡵ䣬ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍᭷⨥࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⚝ ࡢᙇᮏேࡶุᐁࡓࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡼࡾࡀ㧗 ࡍࡿࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡣᡭࢆ࠸䣬ࡓࢇᘬ䣬㎸ࡵ࡚ࡽ䣍ᥱᡭࡍࡿࡓࡵࡩࡓࡓࡧ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇṌࡳᐤ䣬࡚䥺ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡢᡭ᥋࿀ࡋࡼ࠺ Ẋࡀᖇᅜࡢ㡿ࡋ࡚㈗㢧⤀ኈࡓࡿ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡣ䣍ࡇࡢࡣࡿ࡞࣑࣎࣊ ᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺 ࡃ䣍ࡍ࡛ࡇࡕࡽྥ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡓ ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀࡋ࡚䣍㈗ ࡢᆅ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡇࢆ࠾ศࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ༳䣍㘽ࢆ 55 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 䢣 ࠼䣎 䢣 ఱࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎 䥹ࢻࡢෆഃࢆぢ࡚䥺ఱ࡚ࡇ䣎 ࡋࡓࢇࡔ䣎䥹ࡃࡎ࠾ࢀ࡚⭸ࢆࡘࡁ䣍ᡭ࡛┠ࢆそ࠺䥺 䥹㝲㛗䣍රኈᩘྡࡶⓏሙ䥺 Ᏺࡾࢆᅛࡵࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ຬᩒࡉࡢ࠾ࡆࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ᩛࡢィ␎ࡣᢤࡅ┠࡞ࡃ⦎ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ษࡾ⪅ࡢ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹රኈࡓࡕࢆࡁศࡅ࡚䥺ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍ፉࡸ䣎䥹㛤࠸࡚࠸ ᡭ࡛୰ධ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㌷ࡣࡲࡿ࡛ᩛࡢᢠࢆ᎘࠺ࡢࡼ࠺䣍ࡺࡿࡺࡿ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡑࡢወ㊧࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍ࢃࡀࣉࣛࣁᪧᕷ⾤ࡢ࠶䣬ࡥࢀ࡞ᕷẸࡢຬẼ䣍 ࡿࢻࡢࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶࡚䥺࠾࠾䣎ࡴࡈ࠸䣎ࡦ࠸ࡇࢆ䣎䥹㒊ᒇ㣕ࡧࡇ ࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡀࡕ๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢࡪࢇ㏿ࡃ㥽ර㝲ࡀ⬥㐨ࡽ࢝ ఱ࡚ࡇ 䥹ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍❧ࡕཤࡿ䥺 ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀຓ䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࠺ࡶṤወ㊧ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎 㝲㛗 ࡇࡇ࡛Ⓨ◙ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡔ䣎 ࡴ䣎ࢻࡀ㛢ࡲࡿ䥺 ࣞࣝᶫᛴ⾜ࡋࡓ䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃᪧᕷ⾤ࡀ┠ぬࡵ࡞࠸࠺ࡕく࠾࠺䣎ࡣࡸ䣍 㝲㛗 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࢆᢪࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䥺㈗Ẋࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᶫࡣே㤿࡛⁄ࢀ࠼ࡾ䣍➨୍㝕ࡣ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍⏫ධࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ✺↛䣍᱁ άࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᩛࡀ⏫ࡽ྇ࡁฟࡉࢀ䣍᪂ࡓ⛛ᗎṇ⩏ࡀᡠ䣬ࡓࡢ ࡣᜍᛧᚰࡀ␎ዣḧࡲࡉ䣬࡚䣍㜿㰯ྉႏࡢ⩌ࢀࢆᚋ㏥ࡉࡏࡿ䣎㥽ර㝲ࡀៃ ࢆᇙࡵࡘࡃࡋ䣍ໃ࠸࠶ࡲ䣬࡚ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ⴠࡉࢀࡿ⪅ࡶฟࡿጞᮎ䣎ࡘ࠸ ࡀ䣍ᚋ⾨ࡣ๓ᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ䣎ࡶࡘࢀ࡚ࡅࡠ⣒⋢ࡢࡼ࠺䣍ࡸࡘࡽࡣᶫ 㝆ࡾ䣬ࡓ䣎㤿ࡣᲬ❧ࡕ࡞ࡾ䣍㥽රࡣቒⴠࡍࡿ䣎ඛ㐵㝲ࡣᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ Ꮚࡀ㛛ࡢ๓ⴠࡕ࡚䣍ሪࡽ㕲◙ࡸ◙ࡢ◙ⅆࡀ㞵࠶ࡽࢀΰࡋࡓ㌷ໃ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ศ䣬ࡓ䣎ぢࡘ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎࡛ࡶࣉࣛࣁุᐁࡣ࠸ࡿ ࡢ䣎 㝲㛗 ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡞ࡽࡤ࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠾ࢀ⮬ࡽࡁࡢປࢆࡿࡇࢆච ࡌ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎䥹ᚋᬒࡢࢻྥ࠺䣎රኈࡓࡕࡀ࠶⥆ࡃ䥺 ຓࡿࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎 ࡎ῭ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ㐨ࢆ㏥༷ࡢ㌷ࡀࡓ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ㆶḧ ࢇ࡛࠸䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍ฟᧁࡋ࡚㏣࠸ࡅࡿࢃࡀẸරࡣ䣍ᡓ㜚ࡢປࢆྲྀࡽ ࡚ࡩࡓࡵ࠸࡚㏆ࡃࡢ⪅ࢆയࡘࡅࡿࡶṆࡴ࡞ࡋ䣍⮬㌷ࡢṌරࡢ୰✺䣬㎸ 䥹ඛࡢࡸࡾࡾࡢ㛫᮶࡚࠸ࡓᩘேࡢᚑࡀᙼࡘ࠸࡚㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇ⾜ࡃ䥺 ษࡾࡀᩛࡢࡓࡵ✺◚ཱྀࡋࡓ㛛ࢆ㛢ࡌࡓࡢࡣᕷẸࡢᛅㄔᚰࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹⬥ᡬࡢࡇࢁ⌧ࢀ࡚䥺ࡇ䣬ࡕࡔ䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡔ䣎ࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽ 䥹ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡔࡀᩛࡣᇛ㛛ࡢእ࠶䣬࡚䣍ᮍࡔࢀ࡞࠸ࡒ䣎 ᚰ 㓄 ↓ ⏝ ࡔ 䣎 ࠶ ࡢ ␎ ዣ 㞟 ᅋ ࡣ ⾜ ࡃ ඛ ࠎ࡛ 䣍 ࡘ ࡲ ࡾ ࣃ 䣹 ࢧ࢘ ࡽ ᡓሙ࡛ࡣᙼ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸ࡽ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛䣍㐃୰ࡣኤ䣍ኪウࡕࢆࡅ࡚ ࠸ࡀ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚࣑࣎࣊⋤ࡶ࡞ࢁ࠺䣎ᙼࡣ䣍ᩛ㌷ࢆ⊛㏣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑ࠺䣍 ࡾ䣍ⓒጣࡶṊჾࢆྲྀࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබࡣ䣍ࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤࡛ࡋ࡞ ࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ 㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡣࡿ࣑࣎࣊ࡲ࡛䣍ࡇ࡛ࡶࡋࡇ࡛ࡶぢᙇ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡿ㔮⎼ᡞ䣎 ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡇࢆ㏻ࡿ䣍ண ࡶࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࿘㎶ࡽ㥔ᒡ㒊㝲ࡀ㞟ࡲ ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ⋤ᐑࡢᗞ䣎ᚋᬒ୰ኸᱩࢆᘬࡁୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ㌴ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ ࣁࣥࣜࣄ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ䣍ṊࡋࡓᕷẸᩘேࢆక䣬࡚Ⓩሙ䣎 54 ࡇࡇࡽᩛࡣ⏫ࡢ୰ㄏᑟࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡔࡽࡇࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ぢᙇࡾࢆ❧࡚ࢁ䣎እ㛛㓄ഛࡋࢁ 䣎 249 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿ࡞䣎࠾ࢀࡣ┿ᐇࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡔࡅࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡔ ゝ䣬ࡓࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎᎖ጊືࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶᛮࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎᎖ጊ 㠀㞴ࡍࡿᶒࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣୡ㛫࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍௰㛫ࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ࡔࡀࡸࡘࡣ✺↛࠶ࡽࡉࡲ࠾ࢀ⫼ࢆྥࡅ䣍ྠ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᐙධ䣬࡚ ࡣㅬ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣഫ៏࡞⏨ࡔ䣎㍍ࡢឤࡢ࠺ࡀᝏࡼࡾ࠾ࢀ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠸䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ∗ぶࡢேࡋ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࡸࡘࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡀ䣍ḟ᮶ࡓ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠶ࡢࡓࡣ∗ࡢ࠾ࡔࡕ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡼࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡍ࡚ࡢഇၿ࿚࠸࠶ࢀ䣎ࡉ࠶ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࢆ䣍ஸ ࡕ࡞⨾ᚨࡢ㧗ࡳࡽࡇࡢୡࢆ䣍࠾ࢀࢆ䣍ே㛫㒊ࢆぢࡉࡆࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡇࡣ ࡣࡼࡃศࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ྠࡌḞⅬࢆ⬚ࡢ୰㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡃࡏ䣍࠺ࡑ䣬ࡥ ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡔࡕ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࢇࡇࡢᐙ ࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍࠾㢦ࡀඃ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ኤ᪉࠾䣬ࡋ䣭䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡑࢀ∗ࡀᅾᏯࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡁࡢࡳ࡛䣍ᅾࡢࡁ࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡇࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣ㐨ࡢྥࡇ࠺ഃ䣍㟖㞷そࢃࢀ࡚❧䣬࡚ ࠸࡚䣍ࡇࡇࡢ❆ࢆぢୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ᖾࡏ࡞⪅ࡓࡕࡢᙳࡀ⻍ࡢࡼ࠺⾀⇵ࡢⅉ ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣎࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㤿㮵࡛ហ࡛ᙅ䣬ࡓ ࡽ䣎ゝ࠼ࡤゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 ࡿࡢࡣ⚄∗ࡢࡳ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠺ࡲ࠸ࡒ䣍⤖ᵓࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡞ࡽ࠶ࡢ⤮ࡣㄡࡔ䣎 䢣 ࠾ࢀࡣ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋࡓࡇ࡞࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢឡࢆཷࡅ ࡾࡢ࿘ࡾࢆ㣕ࡧᅇ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢃࡓࡋ࡞࠾ࡶ࠶ࡢࡓࡢṚࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡚࠸ࡿ⤮ࡣㄡࡢࡔ䣎ࣛࣥࣉࡢⅉࡾ࡞ࡲࡵࡋࡃ↷ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡿࡸࡘࡔ䣎࣋ ࡇࡢᐙࡢ㒊ᒇࢆࡼࡃ▱䣬࡚ࡿࢇࡔ䣎䥹⬥ᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺ࡑ䣬ࡕࡢቨ䣬 ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎ఱࡼࡾࡶࡑ࠺࠾ࡲ࠼ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡀࡓࡵ䣍ࡇࡇ᮶ࡓ ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡢ⤮ࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡢ䣎ᑼᑿࢆᢲ࠼ࡓࡒ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣ࠾ࢀࡀࡸ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࠾ࢀࡢࡓࡵᐇ⾜ ࡢࡔ䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝඖᖊࡣ࠾ࢀࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᖌ࡛ࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣᙼࡢ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡋࡃⓑ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣎࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍࠾ࡄࡋࡀ㤶Ἔࡢ࠸࠸ໝ࠸ ධࡾᾐ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣍ࡶኪࡶ䣎 250 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ≢⾜ࡣࡲ䣬ࡓࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎႖ვ㐟ࡧ䣍ఱ࡞ࡢࡣ▱ࡽࢇࡀ䣍 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡔࡀ࣐ࢻࣥࢼࡼ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ♳⚳⏝ࡢ㊊ྎࢆࡑࡢ⤮ࡢࡍࡄ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ∗ࡀࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ㈗᪘ࡸ㌷ேࡀࡸࡿࡼ࠺ᙼࡣࡸࡘࢆṇࠎᇽࠎᡓ䣬࡚ಽࡋࡓ䣎ࡔࡀࢇ࡞ 㐠ࡀ࠾ࢀࡢ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡣබࡢᗈሙ࡛ᙼࡢ㤳 ࡋ࠸ᜊேࡢࡓࢃࡽ࡛࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࢀ࠾ࢀࡢឡࢆ➗࠺ࢇࡔ䣎࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ ๓ࡸ䣬࡚䣍၁ࡀ♳ࡿ䣍ᚰࡀ⪮ࡿᛮ࠸ฟࡣ ⬗ࢆ┿䣬ࡓࡘࡉࡏࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡍ࡚ࡢẸࡢ๓࡛䣍࠾ࢀࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡛ゝ䣬 䣼䤀ࢯᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚➗䣬࡚ࡓࡼ࠺࡞䣎 ⮬ศࡢ⪷ேᛮ䣬࡚ࡸࡘຓࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣬࡚ࡢ䣎䥹࣋ࣝࢺࡽࣆ ࢫࢺࣝࢆᢤࡁฟࡋ䣍㛤࠸ࡓࢻࡢ࠺ྥࡅ࡚Ⓨ◙ࡍࡿ䥺ࡸࡘࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣ 䢣 ࡑ䣬ࡕ⾜ࡃ࡞䣎ௐࡢഇၿ㔝㑻ࡢ⤮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡣ⾜ࡃ࡞䣎ഇၿዪࡵ䣎 䣎࠾ࢀࡀṚࢇࡔࡽ䣍᪂ ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸䣎࠶ࡢ᪥ࡢࡇࢆᛮ࠺䣍࠾ࢀࡢᚰࡣᛣࡾ࡛↻࠼ࡓࡂࡾ䣍⾑࡞ࡲ 䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇ㏨ࡆࡿ䥺 䢣 ࡄࡉ࠸⪃࠼ࡀ┠ࢆぬࡲࡍ䣎࠶ࡢഇၿ⪅ࡢษࡾ⪅ࡀ࠾ࢀࡢ๓⌧ࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࡘ ࠶ࡢࡣఱࡶࡋ࡞䣬ࡓࡀ䣍࡞ࡽࡓࡔ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡉࢇ䣎ࡸࡘࡢ⬚ࢆ ࡲ࡛✺ࡁ่ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢࡢ⾪ᧁࡢ௦ൾࢆᡶࢃࡏ࡚ࡸࡿࡶࡢࢆ䣎 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠶࠶⚄ࡼ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ග䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢே⏕ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࡍ࡞ගࡶ䣍ኪ᫂ࡅ๓ᾘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡾ ࠾ࢀࡢᙳἲᖌࡍࡂ࡞࠸䣎ࡋࡶ䣍ࡣࡲࡔ࠸࠺ྡࡢᬯ㜌ྥ䣬࡚ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢃࡓࡋࡀഇၿ⪅ࡔ䣬ࡓࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣഇၿ⪅࡞ࡢ㸽 ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎ᡓ㜚ฟ࡚⾜ࡃ䣎ᡓṚࡍࡿࡇࡣศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ணឤ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ࠸ே䣎࠾ࢀࡀ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ๓ࡢࡇࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆึࡵ࡚ぢࡓࡁ䣍࠾ ᑡࡋࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ䣍ᛮ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎࠸ࡋ ࡣ䣍㢪ᮃࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣍ḭࡃࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢⲨࢀࡍࡉࢇࡔୡࡢ୰࡛࠾ ࡲ࠼࠸࠺எዪࡢࡽࡔ䣍࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⣧┿ࡉ↓ᇈ⨾ᚨࡀ୍య࡞䣬࡚ 㐣ཤࡢࡶࡢ䣍⣡ࡵ࡚ᇙⴿࡋࡓࡼ䣎ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ఱ࡞ࡢࡔ䣍ዪࡣ䣎༙ศ㐟 ࢇ࡞ࡇࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࢀࢆືࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⇕ࡸ⇕࠸࠸ࡣࡶ࠺ ┠ࡢ๓⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ᪑ேࡀᗘᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡇࡢ ࡑࢀࢆክぢࡿࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍┠ࡀぬࡵࡿྠࡌጼࡀ䣍᪥ࡢගࡀᕪࡍྠ ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ኪ䣍ඃࡋ࠸㠃ᙳࡢຊໟࡲࢀ࡚╀ࡾᑵࡃ⏨ࡣ䣍⮳⚟ࡢ㛗࠸ኪ ࠸ࡿᛮ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࡑ࠺࠸࠺ጼࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ಙࡌࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑ࠺ ࡧ࡛༙ศᝏព䣎࠾ࢀࡢ䣍ࡓࡀ࠾ࢀ⛬ᗘࡢࡸࡘࡢᛮ࠸㎸ࡳḟ➨࡛䣍ࡓ࠸ ࡞࠸᪑䣍࠾ࡲ࠼⮬㌟ࡶฟࡅ࡚ࡋ࠸䣎ዪ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ኳ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ 㟈࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇ ࢀࡣ࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ហຎ೧ࡢ㛫࡛ࡺࡀࢇࡔጼ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ࠾ࢀࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶ䣍ࡃࡢ↓ࡶ࡞ࡿࡢ䣎ṇ⩏ࡸṇ䣍ᮏ㉁䣍⌧ᐇ࡞ᵝࠎ ࠼ࡣឡࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᓫᣏࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ∗࡛࠶ࡿ⏨ྰᐃࡉࢀ䣍ឡࡋࡓዪ㍍ࡉࢀࡓ䣎 ື࠸࡚ࡺࡃୡࡢ୰ࡢࢤ䤀࣒ࡣⓙ䣍⬻ࡳࡑࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࡢ㒊ᒇࡵࡽࢀ࡚ ࠸࡚䣍⬻ࡳࡑࡀዲࡁᡭࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࡾ䣍ᗫᲠࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ䣎 ࡋୗࡢୗࡲ࡛✺ࡁⴠࡍࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࢀࢆ✺䣬ࡥࡡ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ヂࡶ࡞ࡋୖࡢୖࡲ࡛ᣢࡕୖࡆ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ࡲࡓヂࡶ࡞ ಙ௮ࡢၥࡀࡶࡘࢀ䣍ࡑࢀᠱྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ䣍᥈✲ࡋࡼ࠺ぢ▱ࡽࡠேࡢ 䢣 ࡓ䣎࠾ࢀࡣ䣍࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢḞⅬࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚⪏࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ࠸࠸ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ䣍ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ศ䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࡕࡽࡶ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍↓ෆᐜ 䣍ࡑࡇ⏨ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓ䣎࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯ࠸࠺ྡࡢ༝ຎ࡞ഇၿ⪅ࡔ䣎 ᡬࢆࡓࡓ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍ᮏࢆㄞࡳ䣍ேࡢヰ⪥ࢆഴࡅ䣍ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡾࡶࡋࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ᙳ⤮Ⱚᒃࡢ⤮ࢆࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ṧࡿࡣⅉࡾࡔࡅ䣍 ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡓ䣬ࡓࡦࡘṧ䣬ࡓ⇕ࡣ䣍▱ࡾࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪࠸ࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ ேᙧ㐵࠸ࡢࣛࣥࣉ࡛ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⤮ࢆᮏ≀ࡽࡋࡃቨᥥ࠸ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆㄡࡀ㠀㞴࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡸࡘࢆᘚㆤࡍࡿࡢ䣎 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠸࠺ே㛫ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡓࡔࡑࢀࡔࡅࡢࡓࡵ᮶ࡓ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢୖ㎶࡛ࡣ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠾ࢀࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡢࡇࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞䣎 䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡸࡘࡣ࠾ ࢁࡸࡿ௰㛫ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡀ࿌ࡆཱྀࡋࡓ࠾ࡆ࡛䣍࠾ࢀࡣ∗ࡢឡࢆኻ 䣍ࡿ 䣍ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎㠀㞴ࡉࢀ࡚ᙜ↛ࡢࡇࡸ䣍㔝⻅࡞Ⲩ䣬ࡱ࠸ࡇࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸ ࢀࡄ 䢣 ࡑࢇ࡞ゝࢃࢀ᪉ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡞ࡃ䣍ఱ⪅ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍┿ᐇࡀࡓࡔࡦࡘࡢᚨ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ ࠺䣍ᝏᚨࡶࡓࡔࡦࡘࡔࡅ࠶ࡿࡽࡔ䣍ഇၿ࠸࠺䣎 ࡍࢇࡔ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 㞃ࢀࡶ࡞࠸ྡኌࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡶࡑࢇ࡞ᡭ㛫ࢆྲྀࡽࡎ ᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⚄ࡣ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ┿ᐇㅫࡽࢀࢀࡤ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ┿ᐇࢆྰ ⪅ࡶ䣍⚄⪷ࡋ࡚೧࡞⚄ᑐࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ⏽ᩗࡢẼᣢࡕࡣ⾲ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿഇၿ 251 ὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ⓙ䣍ࡇࡇ㞟ࡲࢀ䣎ᣢࡕࡇࡓ࠼ࢁ䣎ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣ⏨ࡀ࠸䣬ࡥ࠸࠸ ᕷẸ ࠶䣬䣍࠶ࡑࡇරࡀ᮶ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ยࢆᢤ࠸࡚䥺࡞ࡽࡤṊჾࢆྲྀࢀ䣎 ࠺⾜ࡃ㝵ẁࢆ୕㝵ࡲ࡛᪼䣬࡚䣍ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ฟࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࡢዪࡢ㒊ᒇࡔ䣎 ࡢᡭࡢቨࡶ࠺ࡦࡘ㛛ࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍ෆ㒊㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡇࡽᗞࡢ ࡛䥺ᚅ࡚䣍㡢ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ࡞䣎ࡇࡢᐙࡢ㐀ࡾࡣ๓ࠎࡽศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡴࡇ࠺ ࠾ࢀࢆ㥏┠ࡋࡓ࠶ࡢዪࡦࡇ࡛ࡶゝࢃࡡࡤ䣎䥹ᩘேࡀᡬ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ྛேࡀࡍࡁࡇࢆࡋ࡚䣍┐䣬ேࡶ᮶ࡓࡇࢆᚋࡉࡏ࡚ࡸ ࡑ䣬ࡕࡽධ䣬࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎ධཱྀࢆぢᙇ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡣ࠺࡛ࡶ࠸࠸䣎࠾ࢀࢆẅࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡸࡘࢆࡰ࠺䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢ๓䣍 ࢀ䣎䥹⮬ศࡢᐙྥ䣬࡚䥺ࡑࡢ㛫ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ⚄ࡢಖㆤጤࡡࡼ࠺䣎ᕷẸ 䥹ဨ䣍ᐙࡢ⫼ᚋ㏥ሙ䥺 ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶ࡢゅ⛣ືࡔ䣎㌟ࢆ㞃ࡏࡿ䣎ᩛࡀ๓㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ䣍⬥ࡽく࠸ࢀ䣎 䥹ⓙ䣍ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ䥺 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍රኈᩘྡࢆక䣬࡚Ⓩሙ䥺 ࡢᡬ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡦࡘࡣ࢞ࣛࢫᡞ࡛䣍ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀㏻ࡌࡿ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡢᐙࡢ୍ᐊ䣎ୗᡭ❆䣎ࡑࡢྥ࠸ഃᡬ䣎ᚋᬒࡉࡽࡩࡓࡘ ࡢ➃ࡃࢀ࡞ࡽ䣍⏫యࡀ༴ᛴᏑஸࡢࡁ䣍⮬ศࡔࡅࡢᚰ㓄ࡈࡣᛀࢀࡡ 252 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹රኈࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍㖠ࢆᧁࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ⪅ࡓࡕ䥺ᧁࡘࡢࡣࡸࡵࢁ䣎ᐷ࡚ ࡇ࡞࠸䣎㖠ኌ䣍ྉࡧኌ䣍ᡎࡢ㡢䣎࡞ࡢ∗ࡉࢇࡣ⮬ศࡢᏊࡀᅔ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ኪࡀ᫂ࡅࡿ䣎∗ࡉࢇࡣᖐ䣬࡚ ࠸ࡿẸࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᩛወくࢆࡅ䣍⾑ࢆὶࡉࡎࡘࡇࢆබ ࡢ䣍⨨ࡁཤࡾࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡃ䣍⏨ࡢேࡢෑ㝤ᚰ䣬ࡓࡽ䣎ᅜࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࡳ Ẋୗࡣ࠾ᮃࡳ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ᶫࡣ༨ᣐࡋࡓ䣎ࡑ䣬ࡕ⾜ࡃࡒ䣎 䥹ࡣࡿᙼ᪉࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺 ᪧᕷ⾤ࡀᡭධࢀࡤ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡣࡇ䣬ࡕࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ᕝ⣲᪩ࡃ㥑ࡅࡘࡅ䣍ᶫࢆ༨ᣐࡋ䣍㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㛛ࡽධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃࡢࡔࡽ䣎 ࠶ࡲࡾཝࡋࡃᨷᧁࡍࡿ࡞䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㥽ර㝲ࡀᩛࡢࢆ࠸࡚ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ 䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡢ࢞ࣛࢫᡞࡀ㛤࠸࡚䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 䣬㌟ࢆ⩻ࡋ࡚䥺≀㡢䣍∗ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ᖐࡾࡋࡽ䣎 䣬࡚䥺㟼࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢶ䣵ࢫ࢝ᒣࡽⓑࠎගࡀ䣍ࡶ࠺᪥ࡢฟ࡞ࡢࡡ䣎 䥹ࡉ ࡽ䣎ᚰ⮚ࡀࡇࡢ⬚ࢆࡁࡁ㬆ࡽࡋ࡚䣍㐪࠺䣍ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹❆㝿ᐤ ᭱㧗䣬࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ୍␒㌟㏆࡞ࡶࡢࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡋ ࢇ࡞ࡢᖾࡏࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ䣬࡚䣍࡛ࡶࡑࡢᐇ䣍㐲ࡃ⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡼ䣎 䥹රኈࡓࡕୖᡭ㏥ሙ䣎ᡓ㜚ࡢࡊࢃࡵࡁࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䥺 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍⬗╔ࢆࡘࡅ䣍↓ᖗ࡛Ⓩሙ䣎රኈᩘྡᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡇࡢᐙᖾከࡽࢇࡇࢆ䣎 ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ཝࡋ࠸ᣊ␃ࡽゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎࠾ࢀࡀᣊ␃ࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠶࠶䣍࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣍ࡇࢀࡇࡑᖾࡢ㢢ࡔࢃ䣎 ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿ䣎ࡘ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡓࡵ⇞࠼ࡉࡿ⅖ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡣṧࡾࡢ⅊ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠸ࡋ࠸ே䣍㦫ࡃ࡞䣎࠾ࢀࡣ࠾ࢀࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀ࡛࡞ࡃ࡞䣬 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡢᐙࢆᣦࡉࡍ䣎ࡑࡢ㝵ୖࡣ᫂ࡾࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䥺࠾ࢀࡣ࠾ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸䣎ࢇ࡞⇕䣬ࡓぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡢ࠾ࢀࡣ䣍ࡘ࡚ࡢ ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢᐙࡢୖ࡛╀ࡽࡎ࠸ࡿዪࡢࡇ࡛ゝ࠸ࡀࡾࢆࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓࡽࡔ䣎 ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶᡓࢆࡋ䣍ࢆ࠼䣍Ṛࡠࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎ㄡࡀ᪉࡛ㄡࡀᩛ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡚࡚ࡋࡲࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹Ẹ⾗ࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ࡚䥺Ẋ䣍࠾ጼࢆ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ㸽 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵࡼ࠺䣎䥹ຊᙉ࠸㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛ୖᡭ㏥ሙࡋࡘࡘ䥺 ࡇࡢࡓࢆ㜼ࡵ䣎 ᪂ࡓᨷࡵ㎸ࡴࡣ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ䣍 ྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࡇ࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ䣎ࡕ䣯䣬ࡋࡓᢠࡶᲲࡣḟࠎ☻⁛ࡋ࡚ 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀䣍୧⪅ࡢ㛫ࡾ㎸ࡴ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࡺࡃࡶࡢ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⋤ෙࢆዣ࠸ྜ࠺⪅ࡓࡕࡣ䣍ุࡢཎ࿌⿕࿌ྠᵝ䣍 ࡶ㈋ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀุᐁᘚㆤኈࡤࡾࡀ㇏࡞ࡿ䣎 䥹⯙ྎ ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⶸ࠸ࡢ୰㌟ࡣ࠶ࡽࢃ◚⁛ࡢ㌟࡞䣬࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀ㐨ࢆ⾜ࡃ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡉࢀࡤ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡶᮎࡔ䣎䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆⴠࡋ࡚䥺ⶸ࠸ࡣᆅⴠࡕ ⿇ࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺Ẹ⾗ࢆࡁศࡅ䣍ࡑࡇࢆ⾜ࡃࡢࡣࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍ䣎᪼ࡿኴ㝧 䥹ࡑࡢ㛫䣍ᚋᬒ࡛㌷ࡸኳࢆࡘ࠸࡛ᕷཧࡀ⾜㐍ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ㸟 ᕷཧ䣍ṓ 㸟 53 ‒ ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍㏨ࡆ࡞ࡀࡽⓏሙ䣎 ኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䣎 ➨୍ᖥෑ㢌ྠࡌ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ䣎㆙㚝ࡀ㬆ࡽࡉࢀࡿ䣎㖠 ➨ᅄᖥ ࡿ䥺 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡀᡭ࡛┠ࢆⶸ࠸䣍ⱞࡋࡆ┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾ Ẹ⾗ ࡣᩗពࢆᡶ࠾࠺䣎 ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ᙼࡣ≾࠸ே㛫ࡔࡒ䣎 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࢃࡋࡶ㈇ࡅࡣࡏࢇ䣎 䥹ᙼࡽ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢ୰⣮ࢀ࡚ࡺࡃ䣎Ẹ⾗ࡣᐈᖍ⫼ࢆྥࡅ࡚䣍ཝ࡞ࣃࣞ䤀 ࢻࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡘࡘ䣍ᚋᬒᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ䥺 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍ࡶ࣐ࣥࢺࢆ╔࡚䣍ୗᡭ๓ᬒ⌧ࢀ ࡿ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᙼࡽࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㏨ࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇࡒ䣎㝎ୗࡢチ࠾ᡠࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㝎ୗࡢ㧗㑌࡞ࡈពᛮࢆグࡋࡓ⣬ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ ࢆᛅᐇᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡢࡀࢃࡓࡋࡢົࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡼࡑࡢᅜ࡛ເ䣬ࡓරࢆࡇࡇ⋡࠸࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍᪂ࡓེ ࡀ⇍ࡋ䣍ⓚᖇᩛࡍࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ䣍ࡇࢀࢆᶵ㏣࠸ⴠࡋࢆㅛࡿࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯 ࠺䣎ࡶ࠺ᡭ㐜ࢀ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ๓ࡣ᪩ࡍࡂࡿゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎₻ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᐤࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎⏚ࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀᣦᐁ࡛ࡍ䣎 ୍ᕷẸ ㏨ࡆࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣍ࡈ㞄ே䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ࡢර㝲࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡀࢃࡀᅜࡧ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆᤕࡲ࠼࡚䥺࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞳ࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᤕࡲ࠼ࡓࡲ ࡲ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࠾ᡠࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹⮬ᐙࡽฟ࡚᮶ࡿ䥺ఱࡈࡔ䣎࠺ࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ᕷẸ ࡈᏑࡌ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡀ࣏ࢸࣃࣝᐙ࡛ࡸ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺ 䣍࠶࡞ࡓ࣐ࣥࢺࢆṧࡋ࡚ᕪࡋ࠶ࡆࡿࡀ䣍 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡣ࠾᩿ࡾࡋࡲࡍ䣎 52 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⬺ࡄ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡢᡭ࣐ࣥࢺࡀṧࡿ䥺ࣚࢭࣇ 253 ᕷẸ ᙼࡽࡢࡓࡵᒣୖࡢࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ㛛ࡀ㛤ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛䣍㒊㝲ࡀ⾤୰ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢᐁᡣᐊ࡛࣋ࣝࡀ㬆ࡿ䥺 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡇࢀࡣࡋࡓࡾ䣎⚄ࡼ䣍ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁࢆぢࡑ࡞ࢃࡋ⤥࠼䣎 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽ࣓ࣛ䤀బࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢỴ᩿ࡀ෭ࡵࡠ࠺ࡕ䣍ᬮ࠸࠺ࡕ㣗䣬࡚ࡋࡲࢃࡡࡤ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ࡉ࠶㤿ࡔ䣎䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆᣠ࠸ୖࡆࡿ䥺ࡇࡢᆅ࡛ࡣ䣍Ỵ᩿ษ࡞ 䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᐁᡣᐊධࡿ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉࡢኌ 䥹ᐁᡣࡢ୰࡛䥺බẊୗ㸟 ࡋ࡚䣍Ṥࡉ࠼⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌ࢆࡍࡿࡢ䣍㈗Ẋࡼࡾ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ㏆࡙࠸࡚䥺Ẋୗ㸟 㐺ᙜ࡞⪅ࡣ࠸࡞䣬ࡓࡢ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࢀࡣࡶࡋࡋࡲࡍ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢࡳࡣ㜿ㅀ㏣ᚑࢆࡴࡡࡍࡿ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽ㏥ሙ䥺 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࠺ࡸࡽ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍ᚋࡀጞࡲ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎㏨ࡆࡼ࠺䣎 ᘐ⮧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍᩿ࡽᛮ࠺ࡇࢁࢆ┤ᡖ⏦ࡍࡺ࠼࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ↓㐲៖ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᐇ┤࡛࠶ࡿࡣ㝈ࡽࢇࡀ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺㝎ୗࡣ୍ᗘ䣍Ẋୗヰࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ ࠾ᮃࡳ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡶ࠺ࡦࡇ௮ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢆᙉࡋ࡚⒵ࡍ⸆࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡞䣎ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ែࡀ⃭ኚࡍࡿࡇ ࣝࣥࣉ Ẋࡣືࡀጞࡲࡿ䣍ࡈ⮬ศࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡼ䣎 ࡀ䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⒪ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢゝ࠸ศࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ Ẋୗࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎༴㞴ࡀ⩼ࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡽ䣍ᆅ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࢀࡀⱞ࠸ࡇࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍㛗ࡽࡃ⏑ࡸࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⫶ ࡤ䣍᭱ᚋࡣ࠾ศࡾ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎⁒ࢀࡿ⪅ࡢ㧥ࢆᦨࡴ⪅ࡣ䣍ᩆ䣬ࡓ ࢆ㏺ࢃࡎ㣕ࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡒ䣎◚⁛ࡀ┠ࡢ๓࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ጼࢆ᭚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ ࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚㎯ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡣ䣎 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚බࢆ㏣࠺䥺 බ∖ࡢࡢ࠺ 㤿ࡶࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ䣍∦ࡣࡘࡃ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊධࡿ䥺 ➼᪘ࡢ୕ேࡢ௦⾲⪅䣍ୗᡭࡽⓏሙ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ䣎Ẹ⾗ࡀ⫼ᬒࢆᇙࡵ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ືࡁࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎 ࡀ䣎 䢣 ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ㏆࡙ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺㐃ࢀᡠࡉࢀࡿࡶ䣎 䢣 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡽᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ࠾ᛣࡾ࡞䣬࡚䣍㈗Ẋࡀᖐࡽࢀ䣍㝎ୗࡢࢇࡤࡏࡽ㐲 ࡊ䣬࡚ฎ⨩ࢆᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࠾ࡌ࡞䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡘ㈗Ẋ ༴㝤ࡀ㏕ࡿศ䣬ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡤᖐࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣㅮࢆ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋࡳࢆ㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᶒຊࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓ ࡃࡋ⬣ጾ࡞ࡿ⨩ࡣࡲࡔࡎ䣬ඛࡢࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࢃࢀࢃ ࢀࡣሗ࠸ࢆᴦࡋࡴࡇࡋࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ཤࡿ䥺 ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖ እฟ࡚䣍බẊୗ ࡈᣵᣜ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣎ᪧᕷ⾤ࡢᕷཧ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ᐁᡣᐊࡢኌࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡁࡓ࡞䣎୰ධ䣬࡚䣍ヰࡢ㑧㨱ࢆࡋ࡚ ࡳ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠺ࡶヰࡢ୰㌟⤖ᮎࡀᚰ㓄࡞䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚᮶ࡿ䣍༶ᗙࣝࣥࣉࡀ୰ධࡿ䥺 ࡀ࠾㏄࠼ࡍࡿ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶ୍⥴ࡲ࠸ࢁ࠺䣎ఱ ࡣࡶ࠶ࢀẊୗࡣᩆ῭⪅ࡋ࡚ゎᨺ⪅࡞ࡢࡔࡽ䣎 ࠸ㄵ࠸ࡢ✀ࡀᶒຊ฿㐩ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡪ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ௬㠃ࢆ⬺ࡂᤞ ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡓࡔ䣍ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍Ẋୗࡢࡈᚰ୰ࡣࡧࡇࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿྂ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹୍ᯛࡢ⣬ࢆ㧗ࠎᥖࡆ䥺ࡸ䣬ࡓ䣍ࡸ䣬ࡓࡒ㸟 51 254 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ⏨ࡓࡕࡢ୰ࡣ୍㛝ࡢⅆⰼࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡋ䣍ᙼࡽࡢ║ᕪࡋ⚾⚾ḧࡸேࡢ 䢣 ࡃ ∗ୖ㸟䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡉ䣬ධࡾ㎸ࡴ䣎ᙼࡀධ䣬ࡓ࠶ᡬࡀ㛢ࡲࡿ䥺 ࢆởࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ䣍⯆ዧࡍࡿᵓࢃࡎࢇ࡞ឤ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ᡭࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚䥺࠶࠶䣍࠺䣍ᜟࡳࡢ࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍ጾཝ ┦ᑐᓖࡋ䣍⫼ಙ⾜Ⅽࢆ║ຊ࡛ᢚ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛ࡸࡾࡓ࠸䣎 ࡶኚࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍㡹ᅛࡉࡽ⏑ࡉ䣍ぶឡࡢࡽᛣࡾ 㐠ࢆ႐ࡪẼᣢࡕ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡽᡓࡢᗞ࡛ᙼࡽ 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡀ㛤ࡁ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀ㯮࠸࣐ࣥࢺ㌟ࢆໟࢇ࡛⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 ኚࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ㝎ୗࡀࢃࢀࢆᛀࢀ࡚䣍⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࠸࠺᭱ᝏ ᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ㆶࡣ⏑⨾࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᡓ࠸ࡣṇᙜࡔ࡞䣎ࢃࡀᏊࡼ䣍ࡶ࠺㐜࠸ ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡼ࠺ເ䣬ࡓ㌷㝲ࡀࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ᚅ ࣝࣥࣉ ࠶ࡢࡓࢆ㏣࠸㏉ࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡣ࠸ࢇ䣍ࡤࡾࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ᡞཱྀࡽᐊෆྥ䣬࡚ゝ࠺䥺ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍࡢࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿẼࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣍ࡃࡑࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍ᾘ ࡑ࠺ࡽ䣍ㄏᝨ⪅ࡀ᮶ࡓࡒ䣎ࢃ࠸࠸ࢃࡓࡋࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎 ࡢ㑅ᢥࡈྠព࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇࡼ࠺䣎ࡶ࠺㐜ࡍࡂࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣎 䢣 ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢᚰࡽᮃࡴࡇࢁࢆࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ゝ࠺ ⭜ࡔゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᡓᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔࡀ䣍㏨ࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡞ࡽࡲࡔຊ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ᙼࡢ࠺Ṍࡳᐤࡾ䣍ኌࢆࡦࡑࡵ࡚䥺㈗Ẋࡣ䣍㈗Ẋࡢᛅ࿌ࡺ ࠼ᘵத࠸ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡲࡉࡇࡢ㒊ᒇ࡛ࢃࡊࢃࡊ 䢣 ࡣ༑ศ࠶ࡿ䣎ㄏᝨ⪅ࡼ䣍❧ࡕཤࢀ䣍ࡓ࠸䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀⓒಸࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢᜥᏊ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⬺ࡂᤞ࡚࡚䥺∗ୖ䣍Ẋ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢࢻࡢ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䥹ᛴ࠸࡛ୖᡭࡢᐁᡣᐊධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ ᡤ࡛䥺㘽ࢆ࠾ࡅ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀྩࡢጤクࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ㈗Ẋ࠼䣍㝎ୗᙉせࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ䣎 ࡓጤクࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛䣍ᣄ⤯ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ䣍㏥ᩓ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ࠾ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡵ䣬ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸䣎࠾┠㏻ࡾࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢཷࡅ 㑧㨱ࡋ᮶ࡠࡼ࠺䣎 ྲྀḟࡂࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡒ䣎䥹ୗᡭ๓ᬒ⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䥺እฟ࡚䣍ᡬࡢ๓࡛ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࢁ䣎వィ࡞⪅ࡀ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍㏥ᐊࡍࡿ䥺 ࡲࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍㌷㝲ࢆࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡈ⏝❧࡚ ࡑ䣬ே▱ࢀࡎཧୖ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࡢ䣍㛛䣍ᚚᚰ㛜ࢆࡅ࡚ࡋ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 㝎ୗࢆ࠾ຓࡅࡋࡼ࠺䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⬥㐨ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡲ䣬ࡋࡄࡽ䣍 ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞䣍ࡈ⮬㌟ࢆࡦ࠸┠㐼ࢃࡏࡓ㝎ୗࡀ࠾ᛮ࠸ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡼ࠸䣍䣍㝎ୗࡢᚚ⬚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࡈⱥ᩿ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃࡏࡵࡂྜ䣬 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ఱࡺ࠼࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㢗ࡴ䣍ኌࢆపࡃࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ⱞᚰࡋ࡚ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘␃ࡵ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎Ẋࡢ୍ゝ࡛ᗄ༓ࡶ ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢኌࢆ⪥ࡉࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡉࡒࡸ㎯ᛣࡢ࠾Ẽ ࡢลࡀ㛝࠸࡚䣍Ẋࢆ䣍㝎ୗࢆ࠾ㆤࡾ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᩆ࠸ࡢᡭࢆ㏥ࡅ ࡶࡢࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚䣍Ỵ╔ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞䣬࡚ࡣࡈⱥ᩿࡞ࡶࡣࡸၥ㢟࡛ࡣࡈࡊࡽࢇ䣎ᚲ↛࠸࠺ 㛤 䢣 ᣢࡕࡀ 䢣 ᡬࡀືࡃࡒ ࡲࡍ࡞䣎㢌ࢆࡇࡢᰕࡶࡓࡏࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍∗ୖࡢᚚ⬚ࡀࡇ ࡢᰕࡶ㡹࡞ࡔ࡞ᛮࢃࡏ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 䢣 ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺ࡶ䣍ࡇࡢᚰࡣ䣍Ꮚ౪ࡢᛅᐇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡣ᧕ࡡࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ 255 ⥆ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᡓ⚝㛛ᡞࢆ㛤ࡅࡤ䣍ẅே↔⇕ࡀࡇࡢୡᢞ 㢗ࡾேࡢᚰ♧ࡍࡁࡶࡢࢆ࡛♧ࡍࡀࡼ࠸䣎ᖇᅜࡢᰤගࡣ⥆ࡏࡓ࠸䣍 ⮧ୗࡶᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽࡣ䣍࠾ࡢࡀᚰࡢࡳࢆ ࡔ ึࡵ࡚㢪ᮃࡢ್ᡴࡕࡀỴࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍࠸⣧┿࡞ពᛮࡶ↓౯್࡞ࡢ ᢏⱁࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣேࡢရ᱁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡶࡢࡀ㏻ᖖࡢୡ⏺㏫ࡔ䣎ᡂຌࡀ࠶䣬࡚ ࡋ࠶ࡓࡾ䣍ྜࢃࡎ䣍Ọ㐲ࡋ࡞࠸ᢏⱁࡢಟ⦎ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸䣎 ᡂຌ࡞ࡋࡣ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࣑࡛࣎࣊ࡺ䣬ࡓࡾࡃࡘࢁ࠸࡛䣍 ࡆ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠺ᮙࡕᯝ࡚ࡓࡢࡕ䣍࠸ࡎࢀ㐜 ࡀ࠾ࡧ࡞ࡿࡢࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸䣎 䥹➼᪘ࡓࡕ㏥ᐊࢆಁࡍ㌟ࡾࢆ ἲ㝔㛗䣍ᛴࡆ䣎 䥹➼᪘ࡓࡕ䣍ୗࡀ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 䢣 ࢀ㥅ࡏ࡞ࡀࡽᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡍࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶࡑࡢሙ❧ࡕ䣬࡚䣍ࡇ࠺࡞ ᛶ᰿ࡣᆘ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡽ ࡋ࡚䥺⚄ࡀࡈຍㆤࢆ㈷ࡽࢇࡇࢆ䣎 䢣 ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇࡔࡢࡔ䣎 䥹㐲࠸◙ኌ䥺 䢣 ࡢ⪅ ࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓ䣍ᅜᐙࡣ⮬ศࡢࡇࡋᛕ㢌࡞ࡃ䣍ேࠎࡢ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᆅᅋኴࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛䥺ࡸࡵࡉࡏ࠸ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 㐠࡞ṑ∳ࡶࡅ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࢁࡀ㧗࠸ᆅ࠸ࡿၿⰋ࡞⏨ ࡣ䣍⨫ྡࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ᏊࠎᏞࠎ⥅ᢎࡉࢀࡿ㐠㐠ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡪࡿࡪࡿ㟈࠼ ࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࠶䣬࡚ࡋࡃ࡞࠸䣍࠶䣬࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࢆࡵ࡚䣍ᩛᢡࡾ ࡀ୍⏕㑊ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡀ䣍ே⏕ࡢ⤊ࢃࡿࡁ࡞䣬࡚┠ࡢ๓㏕䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎 ࡢ࠺ࡀࢃࡓࡋࡼࡾࡣࡿᙅ⭜ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸࠾䣬࡚䣍ᠬ ࡃ⇞࠼ࡉ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࢆ✀ࡋ࡚䣍ᙅ⭜ࡔࡠࡍ㐃୰ࡵ䣍࠾ࡢࢀ ୰ࡣᮍࡔᨭ㓄⪅ࡢ⾑ࡀⲨࢀ≬䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᛣࡾㆶᚰࡀࡇࡢ⬚ࡢ୰࡛⇕ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡠࡋࡀᛮ࠺ၿⰋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢࡽࡔࡢ ྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾᙉせࡋࡓࡇࡢ ࡽࡋࡵ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ᖺ⪁࠸ࡓࡇࡢ⬚ࢆ࡞࠾㟷㖡ࡢ㙚ໟࡳ䣍യࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓጾཝ ࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞ࡃᘵࡀ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣎ᘵࡣࡉ ࢆせᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏑࡌ࡚࠾ࢁ࠺䣎Ṛ⚄ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ㐃ࢀཤ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍᪩ࡃࡑ࠺ ṇ㠃ࡽྥ࠸ྜ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍୍Ẹ᪘ࡢ௦⾲⪅ࡔ⮬⛠ࡍࡿࡇࡢ ࢆ㍤ࡏࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࢆࡌ䣬ぢୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࠺䣍ษࡾ⪅ ⨫ྡධࡾド᭩ࡣࡃࢀ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 䢣 ἲ㝔㛗䣍ࡑ࡞ࡓ⮬㌟䣍⏫ࡢእ࡛㐃୰ࡀఱ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡶ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡢ๓㏕䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ேẅࡋࡔ䣍ෆᡓࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ 㸟 ➼᪘ࡓࡕ 䥹ࢆᢤ࠸࡚䥺⏕㈈⏘ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࢃࢀࡽࡀྩ䣍ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ Ỵ᩿ࢆࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇࡁࡓࡽ䣍䣍◚ᗮ࡛㧗៏䣍㍍⋡࡞ࡇࡔࡽ ࡣᙅ⭜ࡔゝࢃࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࡼࡋࡋࡼ࠺䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ᅜᨻᦠࢃࡿ⏨ࡀ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡣேᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿၿⰋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ Ẋ䣍ᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ Ⓨ◙ࡣࡸࡵࡉࡏ࠸䣎 䥹᪂ࡓ࡞Ⓨ◙䥺 ទᛌ࡞ࡇࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎࠾ࡠࡋࡣྏࡽࢀ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබⓚᖇࢆ㝖࠸࡚䣍ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࡩࡓࡾ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 䢣 䥹ධᐊࡋ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ㏆ᐤ䣬࡚࠸ࡓᚑ䥺 ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡞䣎 50 ࣦ䣵ࢩ䣷ࣇࣛ䣹ࢺ ࡢ㜵ቨ㝕ྲྀ䣬࡚䣍⏫᥋㏆ࡍࡿᩛࡢ㒊㝲Ⓨ◙ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᚑ ఱࡔ䣎 ࡔࡔࡅࡣ㟈࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣅࢡ䣹ࡋ࡚䥺ఱࡔ䣎 256 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱࡔ䣎ࡣ࠸ࢇ䣎 ఱࡼࡽࡎ䣍࠶࠸ࡓࡏ䣎 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍࠶ࡎࡉࡾࡋ䣍ᚑྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎ᚑ䣍ฟ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࡾ䣍ᚰᙅ࠸ࡀ䣎ᘵࡀே㛫ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓ࠸䣍ゝື ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ඛࢆㄞࢇ࡛䥺ࡇࢀࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸Ⅼࡔࡀ䣍㝖ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ேࢆ㨩ࡍࡿఱࡸࡸࡣ䣍ࡢே㛫䣬࡚ఱ࡛࠶䣬 ␒ၥ࠺ࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎㤳➽ࡢ⑪ࡣ㨩ຊ࡞ࡾ䣍ゝㄒ㞀ᐖࡶ㡢ᴦᛮ䣬 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍᭹ᚑࢆᣄࡴ࠸࠺᫂ⓑ࡞ᶒࢆ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࠾ࡲ ࡚ࡶ▱䣬ࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ឡࡋ䣍ᕼᮃࡋ䣍ಙ௮ࡍࡿ 䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡣ⮬ศ ࠾࠸࡚࠸㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶ䣎ዪᚰចࢀࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢዪࡀዪࡢ୰୍࡛ ࠼ࡓࡕࡢᩍ⩏ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ⣮ࢀ㎸ࡴᜍࢀࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣἲ࠸࠺ 257 ࢆᘬࡁᐤࡏ䣍㇂㞵ࢆ㝆ࡽࡏࡿ䣎᳃ࡣఱ࡛ࡶ㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ᙉᭀ࡞ᔒࢆ ࡚䣍ᒣࡸ㇂䣍ᕝࡸⲡཎࡢ⤌ࡳࢆぢࡼ䣎ᒣࠎࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣ⚼ᒣ࡛ࡶ䣍㞼 ཌࡉࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ぢࡿࡽ᫂░࡞ୡ⏺┠ࢆจࡽࡋ ࠾ ࡲ ࠼ ࡓ ࡕ ࡀ ே 㛫 ࢆ ྠ ⬊ ࡋ࡚ ࡼ ࡾ ぢ ࡞ ࠸ ࢟ ࣜ ࢫ ࢺ ᩍ ⓗ ࡸࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ䣍࠸ࡎࢀ䣍ຎ䣬ࡓ⪅ࡋ࡚ᚑᒓࡉࡏࡼ࠺┠ㄽࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ ᩘὴຍࢃࢀࡌࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡢ㐃୰ࢆ⮬ศྠ➼ᢅ䣬࡚ ࡽᕷሙࡧฟࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ⚊ࢆ຺ᐃධࢀ䣍⏽ᩗࡢᛕࡶἲࡶࡋ࡚ከ ࡢហ࡞㍮≉ᐃࡢ౯್ほࢆ྿ࡁ㎸ࡵ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ࡑࡢ㍮ࢆ⏿ ࡛ࡉ࠼ཿᬛࡶᑾࡁᯝ࡚࡚ኌ࡞ࡃ❧ࡕᑾࡍࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶ࡓࡽ䣍ࡦࡾࡦࡾ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎ࡍࡿᗘࡣ䣍⮧ୗࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ⬣ጾ࡞ࡿࡒ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㈼⪅ ࡶྩ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶ㈐௵ࢆྲྀࡿࡁ⮧ୗࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡓࡋᢠ ྫྷࡶࡋࡓࡢ䣎ྩࡤࢀࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡦࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ ᙧࢆྲྀࡿᜏᖖⓗ࡞ེࡔࡒ䣎⮬ศ࡛ฟࡋࡓࡇࡢࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍ࡁࡕࢇ ࠸䣎 ࡿࡋ࡞࠸䣎⚄ࡢ┿⌮ࢆᤐࡡࡃࡾ㏉ࡑ࠺࡞࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ୖࡀࡾࡣࡼࡍࡀࡼ ࡓࢇෆ㒊ࡽศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡶ࠺⏽ᛧ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ྡḧᜍᛧᚰ࡞ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺▱ࢀ䣎ᝨࡣᝨࡑࡢࡶࡢࡋ⏕ࡲ࡞࠸䣎⏽ᛧࡢᛕࡀ࠸䣬 ࡢ᰿ࡀ䣍ྂࡃࡽఏࢃ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣬ࡾࡋࡓ☜࡞ࡶࡢࢆࡍ࡚ࡤࡽࡤࡽ 㔜ࡳᡴࡕ䣬࡚ᯞࢆᗈࡆࡿᮌࡢࡼ࠺࡞䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࡢᮌ ᩍ⩏ࡀ┿࡛࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡣᏑ⥆ࡍࡿ䣍࠶ࡓࡶ▼ᢲࡋࡘࡪࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ䣍 ▱ᜨࡀᮙࡕᯝ࡚࡚ᇙࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⎰♟ࢆぢ࡚➗࠺ࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ 㛫ࡢᑠ㈼ࡋ࠸ᡤᴗࡀࡇࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ᨭ࠼ࢆ◚ቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᏊᏞࡣ࠸ࡘ䣍 ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠾࠾䣍ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨭᰕࢆㄪࡓࡾᨵⰋࡋࡓࡾ࡞ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎ே ࢀ ࡣ ᮍ ࡔ 㖄࡛ 䣬 ࡓ ࡇ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ᗏ ▱ ࢀ ࡠ ῝ ῡ ே 㛫 ࡢ ᚰ ࡽ ᯫ ࡅ ࡿ ᶫ ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ∗♽ࡶಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍ᏊᏞࡶᑗ᮶ྠࡌ㐨ࢆṌࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ䣍ࡇ ᙅ࠸ࡀ䣍Ᏹᐂࡢ୍㒊ࡔឤࡌࡿᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ㠃ᛶࡢドᕥࡔ䣎⮬ศࡢಙࡌ࡚ ⮬㌟ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡺࡃឤ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ே㛫ࡣࡦࡾ࡛ࡣ ࡁࡀ࠸ᙳ㡪ࡋ䣍ࡘᐇࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍ࡘᨭ࠼ྜ࠸䣍యࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᩥ᭩ࡔ㸽䥹ᛴ࠸࡛⨫ྡࡍࡿ䥺ࡉ࠶䣍⨫ྡࡋࡓࡒ䣎ឡࡢ࠶ࡿཱྀ ௦㆟ဨ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ☜ࡓࡿᆅ┙࡛࠶ࡿࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ⌮⏤ṇᙜᛶࡣ䣍⌧ᐇࡀࡑ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⪷࡞ࡿ⤎ࢆ ࡽఏ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍ឡῬ࠸ࡓ⪥ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿ⏕ࡁࡓᬮ࠸ゝⴥࡼࡾ䣍࠾ࡲ ࿌Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࡢ⤎ࡣㄡࡶព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡲࡓ⏕ࡌࡿࡸྰ 䢣 ᢲࡍ㉥࠸⮞ࡔࡽ࡞䣎ẸࡽẸᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍࠺ࡋ࡚㡿ࡽ ࠾ࡲࡅ⾑࡛ᑒ༳ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎⾑ࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿბ┿ᐇࡢⅹ༳ࢆ ࠼ࡓࡕࡣṚࢇࡔᡭࡢṚࢇࡔᏐ㠃ࢆಙࡌࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣍ⓑ࠸⣬㯮࠸ᩥᏐࢆ᭩ ẕࡣຊࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ ࡸ䣍ࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀࡑࡢᏑᅾド᫂࡞ࡿࡀࡺ࠼䣍⮬ࡽࢆ᫂ࡍࡇ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡉ ࡔࡀ䣍∗ࡣཝ᱁ࡔ䣎ẕࡢࡇࡣឡࡍࡿ䣎 䢣 ࠸ࡓࡒ䣎 ࡿ䣎 䢣 ࡋࡽ࡞ᛮࡢࡓࡵᩛ᪉ศࡓࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ⤖ࡧྜࢃࡏࡿ䣎∗ࢆᑛᩗࡍ ࠶ࢁ ࠺㸽 ᣢࡕࡇࡓ࠼ࡿ䣎Ἠࡣ⮬ࡽࡣᐇࢆ⤖ࡤࡎࡶ䣍ᐇࢆ⫱ࡴ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㧗ࡁప 49 ࡢሀࡉᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚䣍∗ぶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඃࡋࡉࢆࡶ䣬࡚ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ᩍᚐࡢᏊᘵࡀ࠸ࡿࡋ䣍䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢࢃࡓࡋࡢேࡲ࡛ࡶ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ Ẹ䣎ࡩࡴ䣍Ẹ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᶒࡋ࡚༑ศࡢ୍ ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕᩍ⩏ࢆྠࡌ䣮࠺ࡍࡿ௰㛫ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᡃ៏ࡣࡋࡓࡀ䣍ṇᙜ ࡞ࢇࡨ ࡢ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࢆ⏦ࡍࡢࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡤࡾ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡋࡿ ఱேࡶᛮࡢࡓࡵ㏕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎㌷㝲ࡶጤဨࡶ᪂ 䢣 䣍Ẹࡣ ⛯ࢆẸࡽྲྀࡾ❧࡚࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍Ẹࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡓゝ࠺ࡢ䣎Ẹ࡞䣎 ㄆࡵࡣࡋ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ṇᙜㄆࡵࢀࡤ䣍Ꮡᅾࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡽࡔ䣎 ࡵ࡞ࡃⲨࢀ≬࠺࠺ࡕ⎰ゎࡉࡏࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍࠶ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ䣍 ࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ䣍⚄ࡀᵓ⠏ࡋ䣍ᅜᐙࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈼᫂࡞⛛ᗎࡢᒇྎ㦵ࢆ䣍 ࡛ᦨࢇࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ࡑࢀࢆࢃࡓࡋࡽ᥆ࡵྲྀࡿࡁ䣬ࡅࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣ⮬ศࡢᡭ ࠼ࡓࡕᣄࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢ䣍ேẅࡋ▷ยࢆ✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࡶᣄࡴ࡛ ⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࢆᾘཤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡴࡋࢁࡇ࠺ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ࠺ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠾ࡲ ᮶ࢆ⇞ࡸࡋᑾࡃࡋࡓ࠶䣍ኳࡢἨࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣀࡢὥỈࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡸ ࡇࡢᕳ≀ࡽ㣕ࡧฟࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡢ⅖ࡀୡ⏺࠶ࡽࡺࡿᮍ ࡍᕳ≀ࢆࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡽྲྀ䣬࡚䥺ࡲࡿ࡛䣍Ⲩࠎࡋࡃఱ࡛ࡶ㣗࠸ᑾࡃࡍ⅖ࡀ ಙࡢẼᣢࡕࡀ࠶䣬࡚ᙜ↛ࡔ䣎ᩥ᭩ࢆΏࡏ䣎䥹ᑠጣࡀࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚ᕪࡋฟ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀಙࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶ ⫋ົࡣኳጤࡡ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ᩥ᭩ࢆࡃࢀ䣎௨๓ࡢ≀ྠࡌෆᐜ࡛ࡣ ࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡇࡢୡࡢ⫋ົࢆᛀࢀࡲ࠸ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ኳ㛵ࡍࡿ ⫪ࢆࡍࡃࡵࡿࡢ䣎࠺ࡴ䣍▷ยࢆႃඖ✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎 ㉳ࡇࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡇࡑ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡢᩥ᭩ࡢ୰᭩࠸࡚࠶ ࡃⅎ⇕ࢆ㟼ࡵࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࡢỏ℃ࡣゝ࠼ࡤ⾗ហᨻ࡞ࡢࡔ 䣎䥹ᩥ᭩ࢆ ㏞ዶࡽᏲ䣬࡚ࡸࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ེࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎ῭ࡴࡼ࠺ࡣࡋ ࡓࡕࡣ࠶ࡢ୰࡛㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᡭධࢀࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࢆࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖ䣍 ᑐ➼࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡼ࠺せồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶ࡢᩥ᭩ࡔ䣎ེࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ 䥹ࡇࡢ䣍ᚑࡀୗᡭࡢᡬࡽࡍ䣬ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䣍๓ᬒ࠸ࡿⓚᖇᑐ⛠ ࡔ䣎 ឡࡲ࡛ࡢ࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡺ࠼䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢዲពࡢ༳ࢆせồࡍࡿࢃࡅ 㛤࠸࡚ㄞࡴ䥺᭩ࡁฟࡋࡣ࠾Ỵࡲࡾࡢࡋ࠸ᩥゝࡔ䣎ㄔᐇࡔࡢឡ╔ࡔࡢ 㢪࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ㄡࡶẼ࡙ࢀࡎࡈ฿╔࠶ࡑࡤࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚⥭ᛴࡢࡈᣏㅜࢆ 䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබẊୗࡀ㞃ᐦ䣍 ௦㆟ဨ 㝎ୗࢆ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍࣐ࢻࣜ䤀ࢻࣟ䤀࣐ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣಙ⏝࡛ࡁ ࡲࡏࢇ 䣎 㠀ᖖᛴ࠸࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉࡀⓚᖇྥ䣬࡚ᩘṌ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ࡛䥺 ᚑ ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ྠᵝᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡔ䣎 ࢃࡵ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍㏞ዶࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶಙ௮ ᪂ᩍࡶ᪂ᩍᚐࡶẅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍ࡈࢁࡣᢠࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ㏣ᨺࡉࢀ࡚䣍⨬ࡾ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡴࡇ࠺ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ⪥ࢆഴࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠺ࡢ᫇ 47 ᚑ ࡚ࡸࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ゝ࠼ࡤ‶㊊䣎ᅜෆࡢ✜࡞✵Ẽࡀ㙠ࡲࢀࡤ┤ࡕ䣍࠾ࡲ 㯲䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎ࢃࡓࡋࢆಙ⏝ࡏࢇࡢ䣎 ࡢ⨨❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺 48 ࠼ࡓࡕࡀษᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆࢃࡓࡋࡢពᛮ࡛ᢎㅙࡍࡿ⣙᮰ࡍࢀࡤ䣎 䢣 ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࡣࡇࡇᩘ᭶䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㒊ᒇ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡀ䣍᪂ᩍࡢಙ௮ࢆ ࡕධࡿឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡶ䣍࠸ࡊィ⟬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡾ⟬ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣍 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣዲࢇ࡛ⴿࡽࢀࡓࡀࡿࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ✵࡞ࢮࣟࡔ䣎⮬ศࡣᩘࡢ࠺ 258 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡢẸࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ពぢࢆ㏙ࡿጤဨࢆ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎ே㛫ࡣಶேࡋ ᾋࡪពᆅᝏ࠸➗࠸㢦ࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸䣎㐃୰ࢆࡇࡇ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࡍ࡚ ࡳ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺⬚ࡀᝏࡃ࡞ࡿ䣎࠶ࡊࡅࡾࡢ⾲ࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸䣎ཌࡲࡋ࠸㢠 సࡽࢀࡿࡀ䣍ẅேරჾ࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆศࡉࡏ䣍࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕ ࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ล࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣṤே㛫ኚࢃࡽࡠࡶࡢࡔࡽࡔ䣎࠺ࡓࡵ ࠸ࡿ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබຓࡅࡽࢀ࡚࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⫪ࡅ࡚ࡢࡕ䥺ยࡣ⨨࠸ ࡿእほࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡩࡓࡾࡔࡅࡀ䣍᭹ࡢෆ❶ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ ࡁ≀ࡢㄪࢆቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ࡚ࡣᡃ៏࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍㞟ᅋ࡞ࡿື≀ୡ⏺ఝ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᙼࡽࢆゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࡉ࡚䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡼ䣍࡛ࡶࡑࡢᖺྲྀ䣬ࡓྑᡭ࡛ࢆࡾᅇࡍຊࡣ࠶ࡿ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䣎ᩘேࡢ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ➼᪘䣍ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ᙼࡽࡢ๓ᑠ ࡀࡶࡢࢆゝ࠺䣎 䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ࡣ㟷ᖺࡢࡇࢁࡢᜥ྿くࢃࢀ࡚䣍ࢃࡀᐇ┤࡞ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ ጣࡀ࠸࡚䣍ࣅࣟ䤀ࢻࡢࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡢୖ⨺⓶⣬ࡢᕳ≀ࢆࡢࡏ࡚ᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ㊊㡢ࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⏝ពࡣ࡛ࡁࡓ䣎ඃࡋࡉࡀᙺ❧ࡓࡡࡤ䣍 ඛ㢌❧䣬࡚ฟྥࡁ䣍ེ⪅┿䣬ྥࡽ䣍┠ⓗࡣఱࡔ䣍ၥ࠺࡚ࡸࢁ࠺ ᛮ࠺䣎ࡇࡢࡾ㧗࠸ᨭ㓄ᶒࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢ⫪ 䥹ࡦࡾࡀṌࡳฟࡓࡢ࡛䥺 ᙼࡽࡢᮃࡳࡀఱ䣍ᑜࡡࡼ䣎 ࡀ㔜Ⲵࢆࡋࡓࡓ㈇࠼ࡿศ䣬࡚࠸࡚ࡶ䣍ᨭ㓄ᶒ࡞གྷ≀ᢅ࠸ࡋ࡚ ࡲࢀኚࢃࢀࡿ䣎ࡋࡋ⋤ෙࡀ⚄ࡽᤵࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ┿ᐇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ࡾⴠࡋ࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᬡࡣࡃ୍ಶࡢே㛫ࡋ࡚⏕ 㞄ࡢ⪅ㄒࡽࡏࡼ䣎 ࠸ࡽ࡞䣎㦁ᨐࢆ㠃ⓑࡀ䣬࡚䣍ࡢࡇࡢࡇࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡢ⪅䣍 ㈗බࡣ࠸ࢇ䣍ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖䣎ࡇࡢᅵᆅࡢ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍࣑࣎࣊ே࡛ࡣ࡞ ⋤ෙࢆྲྀࡾཤࡿࡢࡶ⚄ࡢࡳ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡇ䣎⮬ࡽࡢᡭ࡛ྲྀࡾཤࡿࡢࡣ䣍ᙜ ➨ࡢ⪅ 䥹๓Ṍࡳฟ࡚䥺ྩࡓࡿᅜ⋤ࡋ࡚ⓚᖇ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ㝎ୗ䣎 ࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢยࡣࡇࡔ䣎ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ㸟 ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ Ẋࡣ䣍ࡇࡢᅜ࡛ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ䣍㞄ᅜࡢቃ⏺ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓࡇࢁ࡛ఱࡀฟ᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ ᮘࡶࡓࡏࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ䣍ࡉ䣬ࡁࡲ࡛ࡣ࣋䣹ࢻࡔ䣬ࡓ ࡀ䣎 ࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡑࡢ⥲ᖊ࡞䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ᙜᆅ࡛Ẹࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲືᦂࡋ࡚ ࡿ䣍ࡈᏑࡌ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎㌷ࡀṊࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣁྥ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍㝎ୗ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡀᐁᡣᐊྥ䣬࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛䥺 ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎୰ࡣ䣍㝎ୗጤクࢆཷࡅࡓホ㆟ࡢࡦࡑࡸ࡞ྜពࡢໝ࠸ ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ㸟 බ∖⮬ࡽࡈ㊊ປࡃࡔࡉࡿ䣎ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣎 ࢆႥࡂྲྀࡾ䣍እᅜ㌷ࡀධࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡤ䣍ยࡢ▩ඛࡀࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶࡢ࠺ ྥࡅࡽࢀ䣍ࢃࡀᅜࡢ᮲௧ࡸἲᚊࡢᨵኚ⧅ࡀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ゝ࠺⪅ࡶ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢ୰㏥ሙ䥺 ࡾᆏࡽୖࡾᆏྥࡁ┤䣬࡚ࡶ࠺㏨ࡆ࡚⾜䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎 ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢེࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢㄏᝨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ゝㄽಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤࠸࠺ㄡ䣬࡚ࡶ࠾ࡢࡀ㌟௨ୖษ࡞ࡶ ௦⾲⪅ ࡃ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹⊂ࡾゝࡢࡼ࠺䥺ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ྜពࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᶵᐦ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍 ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍ࡸࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎ࡸࡵࡉࡏࡡࡤ䣎 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࣐ࣥࢺࡶᣢ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢ䣎ᐹࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ㏻ࡾ䣍ୡ⏺ࡣ䣍ࡑࢀศ 46 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹㏻⏝ཱྀྥ䣬࡚䥺ㄡࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢゝⴥ⪥ࢆ㈚ࡉࢇࡢ䣎ୗ 259 ࠾࠸䣍ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ䣍ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡇᩘ᪥ࡢሗ࿌᭩䣍ࡑࢀ᭩≧ࡢ㢮ࡶᐁᡣᣢ䣬࡚᮶࠸䣎ࡑ ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺㝎ୗ䣎 ⪥ࢆᡴࡘ䣎࡚࡚ຍ࠼࡚䣍࠺⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍⾜ືࡢ୰ⅆ✀ࡀ࠶ ኴ 㰘 ࡢ ㎘ ࡁ ࡸ ᡓ 㜚 ࡢ ࡊ ࢃ ࡵࡁ ࡀ ክ ࡢ ⥆ ࡁ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ┠ ぬ ࡵ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡢ ࠺ᗃ㟋ࡣ㏣࠸ࡅ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ䣍ኪ䣍㉳ࡁ࡚ᐷᗋࡢୖᗙ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣍 ࢀࡽࡣ୍ษ䣍㑧㨱ࡣࡉࢀࢇࡒ䣎ࡇࡢ㤋ࡀ⅖ໟࡲࢀ࡚䣍 䣓Ẋ䣍ⅆ࡛ࡍ䣔 ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢⅆ✀ࡀḟࡣᆅ㞾ࢆ⇿◚ࡉࡏ䣍ኳྥࡅ࡚ࡼࡵࡏࡿࡢࡔ࠸ ࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ୍␒ዟࡢ㒊ᒇࡲ࡛㏨ࡆ㞃ࢀࡋࡼ࠺䣍⾑ሬࡽࢀࡓᮍ᮶࠸ ゝ࠸᮶࡚ࡶ䣍┦ᡭࡏࢇࡽ࡞䣎 260 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ䣍࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ௦ࡢࡈධ᮶ࡔ䣎 ࠺ព㆑ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ䣎ࡼࢁ࠺䣎㛛ࡀ㛤ࡃ䣎ᜍࡿࡁ ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ྠᵝ䥺බ∖ࡉࡲࡣࡈᏑࡌ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ䣍ㄡࡀヰࡋࡅ ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛䣍▷ยࢆࡾᅇࡋ࡚⬣ࡋࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ➼᪘ࡣఱࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡼࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀៅ㔜ᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡓࡓࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ ࣝࣥࣉ ⨫ྡධࡾࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ⨺⓶⣬ࡃࡿࡳ䣍ࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡢࡏ࡚ᤝࡆᣢ䣬࡚ ࡲ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࢀࡣ௨๓䣍ᙼࡽࡀࢃࡓࡋᢎㅙࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓສチ≧ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡣᦂࢀ࡚䣍⾑ࡲࡳࢀࡢṚࡢ㐠ࡀ䣍ᆒ⾮ࢆኻ䣬ࡓ୧᪉ࡢ─ࡽࡇࡢ༴࠺࠸ ࠶ࡢࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍ᙼࡽಙ௮ࡍࡿᶒࡣಖ㞀ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍᧕ࡡࡘࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ ⛗ࡢ㔪ඛࢆᥱ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀⲨ䣬ࡱࡃ㏕䣬࡚ࡘࡘ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍㔪 ୡ⏺ⴠࡕ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀᙅ࠸Ṛࡍࡁே㛫࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍⚄࡛࡞࠸ࡇࡀ 䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹ⱞࠎࡋࡆ䥺ᙼࡽࡣዎ⣙ࢆ⤖ࡪⰋ࠸₻ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎 䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱ 㛶ୗ䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣍ࡈࢁ࡞䣬࡚ࡃศࡾࡲࡋࡓࡒ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣝࣥࣉ შ↽ࡽࢀ࡚䣍ྠᵝཧෆࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺࠶࠶䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ➼᪘ࡔ㸽 ࡢ⛛ᗎࡢࡋ⤮࡞ࡍࡇ䣍ṇࡸษࡾᝨࢃࡉࢀࡎ䣍ᖹ༠ㄪࡀ ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ⮬㌟ࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡢୡ⏺ࢆ㙾࡞ࡋ䣍࠶࡞ࡓ ࡤ࠾ᮃࡳࡢࡇࢆ䣍ே▱ࡢཬࡤࡠ㐨ࢆ㏻䣬࡚┠ⓗᆅࡲ࡛࠾㐠ࡧ࡞ࡿࡇ ᚚᅜࡢࡶࡢࢆ࠾㏉ࡋࡋࡲࡍ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡇࡑᙉ⪅࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀ බẊୗࡣࡦࡑࣈࣝࣀࡽࢱ䤀࣎ࣝ ⛣ື࡞ࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࡇࡽẊୗࡣ ࡢຊࡣ࠶ࡊ➗ࢃࢀ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶ᭱᪩ࡇࢀࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ྡࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢྡࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࠸࠺㔜ࡢ௵ົ䣍ࡇࡢ㔜ࡳࢃࡓࡃࡋ ࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍⃭ࡋࡃ䥺ࢃࡓࡃࡋ௵ົࢆ࠾࠼࡞䣬ࡓ⬟ࡢ⚄ࡼ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢ ⨥࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᑼᣔ࠸ࡣࡈචࡔ䣎 ἲ㝔㛗 ࢆ䣎 ࡞ࡉ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ Ẋ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡇࡇ᮶ࡽࢀ࡚䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥᗈ㛫࡚➼᪘ࡢࡓࡀࡓヰࢆ 44 ྡࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿࡣ࠸࠼ ࡑࢀ䣍⚾⚾ḧ㈾ࡋࡉࡢ㏻䣬࡚ࡺࡃ㑧 ᛅᐇ ┦ࡋ࡚᠁࠺ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ䣍⚄ࡼ䣍ࡈຓຊࡃࡔࡉࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ ᮏᙜࡣࡓࡔ 䢣 ࠺䣎ࡘࡲࡾᙼࡽࡀᐇ┤࡞ࡿࡣ 䢣 㐨ࢆఱࡰ࠺䣎䥹ᡬྥ䣬࡚ᩘṌṌ࠸࡚ࡽ䣍❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍㊊ࢆ㋃ ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ 䢣 ࡸ䣍ེ㌷ࡢྜὶ࡛රຊࢆᙉࡵ䣍㌷㝲ࢆ⋡࠸࡚ࣉࣛࣁ㏆࡙࠸࡚᮶ࡿࡢ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࡢᐉゝࡢෆᐜࡣ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣎ᖺᐤࡾࡢࢃࡓࡋࡀពᚿⷧᙅ࡛䣍 ᖇᅜࡽࡶ䣍ᖇᅜࡢ៧៖ࡍࡁែࡽࡶ㏨ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡋ 䢣 ࢆࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆࡧࡪࡾ䥺ᐇ┤࡞➼᪘ࡢࡇࢁ⾜ࡇ ࡣⓚᖇ㝎ୗ♩ࢆኻࡋ࡚ 䢣 ࡛ࡍ䣎⏫ࡣືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ᐉゝࡀ⾤ゅᥖ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢᐉゝᩥ 45 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࠺ࡽඛ⛉ࢆసࡿ࡞ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢ⏨ࡢᚰࢆࡑࡑ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡋ࡚ࡢヰ ࡔࡀ䣎 Ⅼ࡛ࡲࡔ☜ᐇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ᵝࠎ࡞ࡇᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣎 ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡣ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡲࡍ䣎ᘵࡂࡳࡣඛ㡭䣍ฟ❧࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ 䢣 ࡚㏄࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᩍࡣᘵࡂࡳᑐࡋ࡚㛤ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ࢃࡅࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵྠࡌ᐀ὴࡢಙᚐࡽ䣍ⱞࡋ࠸ࡢᩆୡ䣍Ḽኌࢆࡶ䣬 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍ࣈࣝࣀ࡛ᘵࡂࡳࡢධᇛࢆぢࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᘵࡂࡳࡣࡾ ┿⌮ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 㐪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ ୧ ᙧ Ⰽ ὴ ࡛ࡍ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡢ᐀ὴ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ཱྀᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡞䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ㸽 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺ࡁ䣬࢘䣵䤀ࣥᡠ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡣຬ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ⾜ࡃඛࡣᏑࡌࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ฟ❧㸽 ࡇࡔ䣎 ࡲ࡛ࡶᵝࠎࡔ䣎ࡲ࠶ࡼࢁ࠺䣎ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢࡇࡣ௨ᚋ䣍ᚰ㓄ࡏࡎ Ẽࡀ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢே㛫ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ጞࡵࡣࡍࡤࡸࡃࡶ䣍⾜ື ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ බẊୗࡣฟ❧࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ᇳົ௦⾜ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍࡀ ṧࡽࢀ࡚䣍ᅜቃࡢེ㌷ Ẽ⬦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞ࡐࡲࡓ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡔ㸽 ࢃࡓࡋ㏣ᨺฎศࢆཷࡅ࡚⮬ศ ࡢᩍ༊ࡢࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ⾜䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࣈࣝࣀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎Ᏻ࡞ㆤ⾨ࢆ࠾㢗ࡳࡍࡿࡓࡵ䣍┤᥋࠶ ࡢࡓ㠃ㄯࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࡢࡓࡣබẊୗࡢ୍␒ࡢഃ㏆࡛ࡈࡊ ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබྥ䣬࡚䥺ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎࠶ࡢᝏ㈼࠸ᆓࡀࡸࡘ ࡞࠸ຬẼ⾜ືຊࢆࡸࡘࡢඃᰂ᩿࡞ᚰὀࡂ㎸ࢇࡔࡽ䣎ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎⪃ 䣬࡚䥺ࡼ䣍ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ୗࡀ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᏊ౪ࡣࢃࡓࡋ ࠼ࢀࡤ⪃࠼ࡿ䣍༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡀᮏ≀࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉྥ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࡛࠾ᬤ࡛ࡁࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣜ䤀⋤ࡔ㸽 ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ⋤ᚋ⥅⪅࡛ࡶぢ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡢ 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡀ㏥ᐊࡋ䣍ᡬࡀ㛤࠸ࡓࡲࡲ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛䥺 ࡢㆤ⾨ࢆ࠶࡚ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡲࡉ䣎 ࡸࡘࡢེࡶ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎 ࡶࡼ࠸ࡒ䣎ࡸࡘࢆ⟽ධࡾፉࡢࡼ࠺ὀពࡋ࡚ぢᙇࡿࡽ࡞䣎࠸ࡎࢀࡸࡘ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡽ᮶ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎ࡢᆅ࡛㉳ࡇ䣬࡚࠸ ࡣࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䥺ࡼ䣍ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ࡼࡃศ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡀࡼ࠸䣎 ࡿࡇࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࢆ⪏࠼ᚸࢇࡔࡾ䣍ᡭࢆ䣬࡚ࡸࡵࡉࡏ ࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆࡈࡃ㉁ᐇ࡞⏨ぢ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ఱࢆぢࡓࡢ 㠀ࡶ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබᑐࡋ࡚䥺ᛅㄔࡢㄋ࠸ࡢࡇ࡛㸽䥹ⓚᖇྥ 䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍࢘䣵䤀࡚ࣥᒃྜࢃࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎୧࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ ࡀ䣍 ูⲮࡢ㛫࡚ᘵࡂࡳබᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ බࡢྡ࡛ᛅㄔࡢㄋ࠸ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡓࡋᘵࡔ䣎 ࢀ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤ࡤࢀ࡚ᢿᡭ႑㔗ࡢḼ㏄ࢆཷࡅࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ බࡢࡣᗈ㛫ධࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㈗᪘ྲྀࡾᕳ 42 43 䢣 ࡀኪࡢ࠺ࡕṚࢇࡔ⪥ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ྡࡣ≢⨥䣍་⪅ࡢྡࡣฮ⨩ࡔᛮ࠺ 䢣 ࡣ ယ ࢀ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡼ 䣎 ᛀ ࢀ ࡅ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡀ 䣍 ᐀ ὴ ࡢ ᩘ ࡔ ࡅ ໃ ຊ ᅪ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡔ 䣍 ࡢ䣎ࣇࣛࣥࢫࢠࣜࢩ䣺ࡸࢫ࣌ࣥࡢࡶࡢࡶ࠸ࢇࡢ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺䣎࡞ࡺ࠼࣑࣎࣊ࡢ᐀ὴ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢻࢶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠸ࢇ 41 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡌ࡚ࡽࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡼࡾ᪩ࡃࡶ㐜ࡃࡶ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࣁࣥ࢞ 261 ࡚⾜㌷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䢣 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡣ࠾ࡠ ࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀ࡀࡢᆅࢆᢲࡉ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ぢࡓࡢ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ぢ࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡣ࡞ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞ࡽࡤゝ࠺࡞䣎ㄡࡶࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺ࡶࡢࢆぢࡿ䣎࠸ࡸ䣍ఱࡶぢ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛࠸࡚䣍➃ࡽࡶ࠺ఱࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ᛅ࿌ࢆࡍࡿ䣎 ࢀᡠࡋࡓࡢྠࡌ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡍ䣎ᙼࡣぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢ㏨㉮රࢆ 䢣 ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢࡋࡓࡇࡀ᭱㧗ࡔ࡞䣎 㐃 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࡢ⏨䣍㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࢀ䣎䣬࡚ࡳࡓ࠸䣎㛗ᖺ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁዊࡉ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࢆ 䢣 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡦࡾࡢ⏨ࡀࡇࡇ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣈࣝࣀ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡽ᮶ࡓ⪅ ᙼࡢᩍ࠼ࡀ᪂ࡓάⓎ࡞䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ࡛ࡍ࡛࠸ࡃࡘࡢ ⤖♫ࡀ༠㆟ࡋ䣍ྜὶ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡢẸࡣ㡹㏞ࡔࡀᛅᐇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡒ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡠࡋࡣ⮬ศࡀఱࢆゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢศ䣬࡚࠸࡞࠸䣎࣑࣎࣊ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࠸ࡸ䣍࠶ࢀࡣᘵࡂࡳࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀㌷࡛ࡍ䣎࣑࡛࣎࣊ࡶ ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ࡋࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⠇✰࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࢀࡣࢃࡓࡋࡀὴ㐵ࡋࡓࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ࡔ䣎 䢣 37 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡾࢃࡅ᫇ࡢಙᛕᑐࡋ࡚ᛅᐇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࣇࢫ ࡣṚࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 38 40 262 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡉ䣬ࡉ䣍ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍࡞ࡐࡲࡔ┠ࡢ๓࠸࡞ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ᥍࠼ࡢ㛫ࡲ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᡬྥ䣬࡚䥺࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࡢࡇࢆఅࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡵ㸟 ఱࢃࡓࡋࡢᚰࡀᛣ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡼ䣎⏕ 㤿ࡣᡭ⥘ࡀᚲせࡔ䣎᧯ࡾᡭࡣ࠸ࡎࢀぢࡘࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㤿ີࡶ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣࡇ࠺ゝ࠸䣍࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ࠶࠶ゝ࠺䣎⮬ศ㒔ྜࡢࡼ࠸ࡼ࠺ 䥹ࡇࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ㛫ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࡢ∗ぶࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ꮚࢆ⫱ࡴ௦ࡀᝏ࠸䣎ࡇࡢᭀࢀ ពぢࢆゝ࠺䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⋤ࡣယࢀ࡞ࡶࡢࡼ䣎ୡ㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ▱ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉᩘṌ㏆ࡼ䣬࡚⾜ࡁ䥺࠶࠶䣍⤀ኈ࠼ࡓࡒ䣎 䥹࠶ ពẼ࡞䣍௦ࡢⴠࡋᏊࡼ䣎 䢣 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎㝎ୗሗ࿌ࡀୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪺࠸࡚ 䢣 ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ 䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ஒ㣗ࡸ᪥㞠࠸ேࡀ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡇࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⛎ ࡎࡉ䣬࡚䥺ࡑࡇ࠸ࢁ䣍ᡬࡢࡇࢁࡔ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢẸࡔ࡞䣎 ᐦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲࡅ䣍ࡇࡇࡢࡇࢁᐇἑᒣࡢࡇࢆ∦࡙ࡅࡡ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠸ࡘࡽᕷẸࡀṊࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍㝎ୗ䣎 ወ㊧ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ⏨࡛࡞䣍ኳᆅ㐀ࡢኪධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍⚄ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡓග࡛ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹࣋ࣝࢺᤃࢇࡔ▷ยࢆぢࡸ䣬࡚䥺Ẋ䣍ࡇࡢᝏ࠸௦ࡀṊࡏ ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢫࢥ䣹ࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ䣵䤀 ࠸࠺⪅ࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡓ䣎▱ᜨࡢ ࡑࡢኪࡢ㜌ࢆ↷ࡽࡋฟࡍࡢࡔࡼ䣎㏆㡭ࡣࡎ࠸ࡪࢇຮᙉࡋࡓ䣎࠶ࢇ࡞⏨ࡀࡦ 䣬࡚⾜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡸࡣࡾ 䢣 ࡼࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹▷ยࢆ㠧ࡈ࣋ࣝࢺࡽᢤࡁฟࡋ䣍ᡬྥ ࡞ࢁ࠺࡞䣎 ࡾࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡑࡢ⬣ጾࡓࡌࢁࡄࡇࡣ 39 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ྡ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㏨ஸ⪅ࢆ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗࡣษࡽࢀ䣍ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡣᏛࡤࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍ୡ ᤕࡽ࠼࡚䣍ᣊ⚗ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࢃࢀᘬࡁΏࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ឤㅰࡍࡿࡶ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢፉࢆࡸࡘࡽᏲ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ፉࡢ ⏺ེࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎ེࡣࡍ࡛㌼ࢆゎࢀ䣍㝎ୗࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ ࡢ⏫࡛Ⲩࢀ≬䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡽࡣࡇ࠺ྉࡪ䣎࠾ࢀࡶศࡅ๓ࢆ䣍࠸ࡸ䣍㒊ࡼࡇࡏ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡀ ࡣࡶ࠺࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᒌ࡛䣍Ṥ⢭⚄ࡸពᛮࡢ࡞࠸≀య㏆࠸ࡶࡢ ࡓࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡅ≀ࡔ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࡣࡏ䣬ࡃࢆᡭධࢀ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡑࡢࢆኪ ࡃࡿ䣎ᗈ࠸⫪ࡁࡃࡅࡓཱྀࢆࡋ࡚䣍ఱ࡛ࡶḧࡋࡀࡾ䣍ఱࡼ䣬࡚ࡶ‶ ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸ࡣ᭱ᗏ㎶ࡽ䣍ぢࡿࡶ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ࡅ≀ࡀ㏺࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ 㔜ຊࡢ୰ᚰⅬ࡛䣍㐓⬺ࡋࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡢᖐ㑏ࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍Ọ㐲࡞ࡿ⮬↛ࡢṌࡳࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡃ࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀ ࡢ⢭⚄୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ហぢࡏࡅ㈼ࡃ䣍ࡍࡤࡸ࠸ྠࡓࡵࡽ࠸ ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆࡧ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡽࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔࡶ䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡣᏱᐂ ࢇ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡣே㛫ࡢὸ▱ᜨࡼ䣬࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢඛ⾜ࡋࡓࡾ䣍 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡋࡋ㝎ୗࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡓࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࡣࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ከᩘὴ࡛䣍ᙉ⪅࡞ࢇࡔࡽ䣎࠶ࢇࡓࡽྠࡌே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࢃࢀࡽ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᘵࡶ㈼ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ᝏࡃ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡸࡘ₇ᢏࡍࡿሙࢆ ࠼࡚ࡸࡿ䣎㐟ࡧࡓࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞䣎 ࡢᶒࢆ䣍࡞䣎 䣍࠼ 䣍ࡿ 䣍ࡇ 䣍 䣍ⱞ 䣍ࡋ 䣍ࡴ 䣍ࡇ 䣍 䣍࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡲࡔ⏿ࡣ࡞ ே㛫ࡢᶒࡣ䣍ࡼ䣍㣚 䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢀࡽ⏿ࡀᩗ࡞⫱ᡂࡢᐇࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍୍ᖺࡢ࠼ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⮬ຊ࡛ㅮࢆ⤖ࡤࢀࡓࡇࡀ㐟ࡧࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎₇ᢏ࡞ࡢ࡛ ࡋ䣯࠺䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡀᅜ࡛ྩᙺࢆ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡠࡋࡀゝⴥ࡛㐟ࡪࡼ࠺䣍ࡸࡘࡣᶒຊ࡛㐟ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡔ䣍⫗ぶࢆࡶẅࡍ㔝⋇ࡀṊჾࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ே㛫ࢆẅࡋࡓࡾ䣍 ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ 㣚 㤡 ࡀ ∳ࢆ ࡴ ࠸࡚ ᖺ ࡈ ே 㛫 ࡽ ✭ ࢆ ዣ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᫇ ࡢ ࡇ ࢺ ࣝࢥ ࡣ ࠶ ࡢ ࡓ ࣁ ࣥ ࢞ ࣜ 䤀 ࡢ ⋤ ෙ ࢆ ᕪ ࡋ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࡑ ࠺࡛ ࡍ ࣘ 䤀ࣜ ࢘ ࢫ Ẋ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ ࡢᆅࡣࢺࣝࢥࡢࡶࡢ䣎ఱࡢ ೃࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡢᆅࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᘵࡂࡳ䣍ಙ௮άືࢆಖ㞀ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺௦ൾ ࢺ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡣಙ௮࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡢࡇ䣍ᨻⓗᢠࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᴗ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⋤ෙࡔ㸽 ࡒ䣎 ࡔ䣎ᶒࡀඖ᮶࠸࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ▱ࡾࡓࡅࢀࡤ䣍ཎึࡢ≧ែ❧ࡕ 䣍ᗎ 䣍ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⤥࠸䣍∞᮶䣍ࡇࡢୡග ࠼ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡋࡋ⚄ࡀ⛛ ࡀࡉࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ⋇ࡣே㛫࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡣ ࢫ ࢟ ࢱ ࡔ ࡢ ࣁ ࢨ 䤀 ࣝ ࡔ ࡢ ゝ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 䣎 ࠶ ࡢ ே ✀ࡣࡘ࡚ྂ௦ୡ⏺ࡢ㍤ࡁࢆᾘࡋཤ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡢ௦ࢆ⬣ࡋࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ࡼ ࡑ ࡢ Ẹ ᪘ ࡀ ၥ 㢟 ࡞ ࡢ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 䣎 ࢃ ࡀ Ẹ ࡢ ẕ ⫾ ࡽ ᭀ 㔝 ⻅ ே ࡀ ⏕ ࡲ ࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎㔝⻅ேࡣ䣍ไᚚࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ⱁ⾡䣍Ꮫၥ䣍 ࡋ࡚䣍༝ࡶຓຊࢆㄋ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ✺ࡁ ⴠ ࡋ 䣍 ࠾ ࡢ ࡀ ༝ ㈾ ࡢ ᇦ ࡲ࡛ ㈘ ࡵ 䣍 ࡘ ࠸ ࡣ ఱ ࡶ ࡶ ࠺ ࡛ ࡶ ࡼ 䣬࡚ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡣ༢⏽ᩗࡍࡿࡽࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡣᜍᛧࡍࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡸ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡸࡘࡣࢃࡓࡋ௨ୖ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢಙ⪅ࡔ䣎ྠࡌ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࠸ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡋ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ 䣎 ࡑ ࠺ ࡔ 䣍 ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ ఱ ࡶ ࡶ ࡀ ప ຎ ࡞ 䣬 ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ ࡘࡀಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࡋࡓఝࡘࢃࡋࡉࡔ䣎 ᅜ ᐙ 䣍 ᩍ ࠸ 䣬 ࡓ ࠶ ࡽ ࡺ ࡿ ೧ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢࢆ 䣍 ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࢆ ಖ ㆤ ࡍ ࡿ 㧗 ࡳ ࡽ ࡽ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎䥹⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 㝎ୗࡣᮍ᮶ࢆ䣍యࢆṇࡋࡃぢᐃࡵ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ಶࠎ ࣦ䣵࡛ࡣࡍ࡛⾜ືࡀᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ㅖᅜࡢ㒊㝲ࡀ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࡢ⏫ࢆ㏻䣬 ࠾ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࡢࡇࢁࡓ࠸ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࣔࣛ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ᘵࡂࡳࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ䣍࠶࡞䣬࡚ḭࡃ ࡢែࡣ䣍ࡲࡓ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࡢࡣᕪࡋ㏕䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡣṧࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣍ࡇࡋ࠼䣎ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞ 263 ࡔࡶ䣍ᚰ⮚ࡢ㰘ືࡀᬮࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡿෆ㠃䣍῝࠸ࡢ⬦ᢿ࡛㧗ᥭࡍࡿෆ㠃 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡋࡋ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᡓࡣ㸽 Ẽ࡙ࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡲࡔㄡࡶ ࠺ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ᡓࡢࡀ⤠ࡾྲྀࡿᾦࡢ୍⢏୍⢏ࢆ㉢࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ ࣓ࢲࣝࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ㙐ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ࢫࣟ䤀࢞ࣥࡣࡇ࠺ࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍 䢣 ࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡠࡋࡢ᭹ࢆ㛤࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ⾑ࡢ୍୍ࢆᕪࡋฟࡋࡶࡋࡼ࠺䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᡓࡣࡼ࠸䣎࠶ࢀ ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ ෆࡼࡾࡣࡼ࠸ࡋ䣍ಙ௮ࡸᩍ⩏ࢆㄽதࡍࡿࡼࡾࡣࡼ࠸䣎⯆ዧࡀ෭ࡵ࡚㙠ࡲ ࡒ䣬ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡓ࿚࠸࠶ࢀ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢺࣝࢥࡢᡓࡣ ࠾ ࡢ ࢀ ࡢ ⚄ ࡀ ࡋ ࡳ ࢆ ᢪ ࠸࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡞ ႖ ఏ ࡍ ࡿ ≬ ಙ ⪅ ࡀ ࢺ ࣝ ࢥ ࡢ ᜍ ᛧ ࢆ⏬⟇ࡍࡿࣝࢱ䤀ὴࢆ࠾࡞ࡋࡃࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡀ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢഃ࡛ࡶ䣍 ᡭධࢀࡓ≉ู࡞㔠ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࡶ࠺᭹ࢆ㛢ࡌࡼ䣎ㄡࡶぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㔜୕ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ㙐ࢆࡅ࡚ࡸ䣬࡚ࡽ䥺ࡇࢀࡣே▱ࢀࡠ᪉ἲ࡛ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡀ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠸ࢇ䣍୍ゝࡶࡓࡀ࠼ࡎ䣎 䢣 ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡀ㸟 ࢀࡤ䣍ேࡢពぢ࡞⁐ࡅ࡚ඖ㏻ࡾࡢ↓ᖐࡍࡿ䣎ࡍࡿᖹࡢ௦࡞ࡿ䣎 㔜䣎ࡑ࡞ࡓࡣ␗➃ࡢ⪅ࡔࡀ䣍ྡࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ⏨ࡔ䣎ࡔࡽᩗពࢆ⾲ࡍ䣎 ࡢᙺ❧ࡘ⏨ࡓࡕࡢ୰ࡽࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ேࠎࡀᗈࡃୡ⏺୰ ேࠎࡢ୰ࡽ㑅ࡪ䣎࠾ࡢࢀࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺䣍ྠ⬊ࡢᅔ❓ࡸⱞᝎ ࡞ ࠸ 䣎 ཷ ⪅ࢆ ᖹ ࡢ ⪅ ࡰ ࠺ 䣎 ࡑ ࡢ ⪅ ࢆ ࢃ ࡓࡋࡣ ୡ ⏺ ୰ ࡢ ᭱ Ⰻ ࡢ ࡣࡦࡘࡢ❶ࢆ⪃ࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ❶ࢆᤵࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ⾑➽࡛ࡶṊ࡛ࡶ 䣬ࡓࡢࡣ 䢣 䢣 䣎 ࡼ࠸䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢᆣላ࡛㔠ࢆ⁐ࡍ䣎ఱࡢࡓࡵ 䢣 㔠ࡣㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛮ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡉࢀࡓ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣᢈࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ䣎ࡔࡽ䣍 ᅔࡣ䣍㈗᪘ࢆᕷẸࡸၟேࡸ࿘᪕ᒇࡢᡭᘬࡁΏࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㐃୰ࡣ≀ࡢ ࡿ䣎ࡑࡇ㈗᪘ࡀ᮶࡚䣍㡿ࢆᡴࡕಽࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ䣎ࡍࡿᾉ㈝ࡢፉࡓࡿ㈋ ࢶ࢞ࢶ྾࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ᖇᅜࡢ㡿㑥ྩࡣᖇᅜࡽ㞳⬺ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍ ࢇ䣎ࡔࡀ࡛ࡣ䣍ᖹ࡞ࡽࡤୡࢆᦂࡿࡀࡍࡀࡺ࠼チࡉࢀࡊࡿࡇࡲ࡛࢞ ศ䣍ጞࡵࡢ࠺ࡕࡣ䣍ಙ௮ࡢᩍ⩏ࢆࡓࡔㄗゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡢࡇࡶ▱ࢀ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᶒࡔ㸽 ᶒຊࡇࡑ࠶ࡢ㐃୰ࡢḧࡋࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ⪅ᜠᑋࢆ࠼࡚႐ࡤࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ఱࡺ࠼ㄽதࢆ ᩓࡽࡤ䣬࡚䣍㡿ᅵḧࡸ䣍ㅝ࠺ࡇࢁࡢྡࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢᅜࠎࡍ࡚ⵗ ್ᡴࡕࢆఱ࡛ࡶ㔠ࡢ㔜ࡳ࡛Ỵࡵࡿ㍮࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢᡭྜ࠸ࡀࡢࡉࡤࡾฟࡋ࡚䣍 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺࠾࠾㝎ୗ䣍㝎ୗࡀࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢࡼ࠺࡞᐀ὴ ࡃ࠸࡞ࡿࡢ✀ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ᙼࡽ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ㜚䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡔ䣎 ⱥ㞝ࡤࢀࡿហ⪅ࡢヰࡸ䣍ᦆᚓ຺ᐃࡢ㢌ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸㈼⪅ࡢヰ䣍ᙺ❧ ࡔศࡿ䣎 ࡁࢇ 㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀࡈ⮬⏤ᶒࢆᤸᥱ࡞ࡉࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ㄪࡋ䣍ಙ௮ࡑࡢ್ᡴࡕ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬⏤ࢆ࠾࠼ࡃࡔࡉࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡇࢀࡣබࡢṇ⩏ࡼࡿ⛎ᐦุ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࢺࣝࢥࡀ⬣ࡑ࠺䣍 ࡓ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ Ꮚ ࡤ ࡾ ᔞ ࡴ ࠶ ࢀ ࡇ ࢀ ࡢࡇ ࢆ ლ ➗ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ⪺ ࡃ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᡓࡣࡲࡔ䣍⚄ࡀㄪࡍࡿࡲ࡛⥆ࡃࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡀ㌵㎚ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞ ጾᄐࡋ㏉ࡍࡲ࡛ࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ❶ࡣ┠ぢ࠼ࡿ⬚ඖࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑ࠺ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡋࡋㅮࡀ⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᖹࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸ࡢୖ࡛㟷ࠎ㍤ࡃࡋ䣎 䥹 ᭹ࢆ 㛤ࡁ 䣍 ࡦ ࡊ ࡲ ࡎ ࠸ ࡚ 䥺 ࡛ ࡣ 䣍 ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ 䣍 ⚄ ࡢ ࡳ ࡀ ࡃࡾ࠼ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 䥹ࡇ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ᮘࡢᘬࡁฟࡋࡽグᛕ ࡣ䣍ពぢࡢ┦㐪࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ࡛⫗ࢆᘬࡁࡁྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᪂ᪧ୧ὴࡢத ࣘ 䤀ࣜ ࢘ ࢫ 䢣 ࠸ࢆᢚṆࡍࡿࡽ࡞䣎ࢺࣝࢥࡢᜍᛧࡀࣝࢱ䤀ὴࢆ䣍ゝⴥ࡛ࡶ⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡶᨐ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶ࢀࡣࡼ࠸䣎ᡓ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣே㢮ᢲࡉࢀࡓⅹ༳ࡢࡼ 264 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ➨୕ᖥ ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡇ࡛ⅆᛴࡢ㝿ࡢࡇࡢࡳ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎㝎ୗⰋ ࢀᛮ䣬࡚ࡢࡇ䣍ᛅㄔ࡞ࡿ⪅ࢆ࠾㉧ࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡲࡔ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ䣍ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾゝ࠼ࡿ࡞䣎Ṛࢇࡔࡢ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡣࡣࡣࡣ䣎ᝏࡃ࡞࠸ㄯࡔࡒ䣎❧ࡓࢀࡼ䣎࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡠࡋࡣẸ 㦂⏝࢜䤀ࣈࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢୖᆣላࡀࡢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ⬥㏻⏝ཱྀ䣎 ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣎 ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢᇛࡢ୍ᐊ䣎ୖᡭᚋᬒࢻࡢᙧࢆࡋࡓ㛤ཱྀ㒊䣎ࡑࡇᏛᐇ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇ䣍ୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡼࡾⓏሙ䣎 ࡢ䣎ఱࡶࡶᘬ䣬ࡃࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡈࡓࡲࡐࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ䣎▼Ⅳࡀ࡞࠸ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾࠸䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࣥ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࣥ䣎ᝏ㨱ࡢᣝၥ࡛ࡶ㐼䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ࡓࡋࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢୡࢆ᮰ࡡࡿ⤎ࡔ䣎 ྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺Ṛࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ࡞䣍ࡁࡳ䣍ࢃ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚ࡺࡃࡣ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆⴿࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ໃ ࡒ䣍▼Ⅳࡀ䣎 ⮬㌟ࡣఱࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓࢇࡀ䣍᮰ࡡᙺࡔࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶᨾ࠶䣬࡚ࡢࡇ䣎 䥹↴࡛ởࢀࡓୖ╔ᖗᏊࢆ㌟╔ࡅࡓ⏨ࡀ䣍▼Ⅳࢆ୍ࡈ⭎ᣢ䣬࡚᮶࡚ ࠸ࡿ䥺 ࢀࡽ⦆ࡳࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ୖ╔ࢆ⬺࠸࡛䣍᳔Ꮚࡢୖ⨨ࡃ䥺࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㝎ୗ䣍ࡑࡢ⤎ࡣࡇ ࡄࡎࡢࢁࡵ䣎ྠࡌࢆ୕༑ᖺࡶࡸ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣍⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ ཱྀࢆ࠶ࢇࡄࡾ㛤ࡅ࡚䣍ࡱࢇぢࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡢୡࢆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢྡ๓ࡔ䣎ࡢࡇࢁࡣࡑࢀ࡛ ༑ศࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍┦⥆ᶒ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡀᑗ᮶ࡶ೧࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ぢ㎸ࢇ ࣍ 䥹⏨䣍ᚋᬒ࡛ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 䤀 ࡛䣍ᖇᅜࡸᅜᐙᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔᛮ࠺䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣍୰ᚰⅬࡀᚲせࡔࡽ ࣛ ࡇ▼Ⅳࢆࡇࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡃࡑ䣬ࡓࢀ䣎࠺ࡸࡽ䣍▼Ⅳࢆࡲ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ୰ᚰࡢ࿘ࡾၿࡋ࡚ṇ⩏࡞ࡿ⪅ࡀⓙ㞟ࡲࡾ䣍ბ ࢝ ࡃ࡚䣍ࣞࢺࣝࢺධࢀࡼ࠺࠸࠺⫟ࡔ࡞䣎ࡈࢁࡘࡁࡵ䣎ࡁࡉࡲ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࢆ ࠸ࡘࢃࡾࡸᝏᑐᢠࡍࡿ䣎✭ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ䣍㇏సࡶࡓࡲࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍 ࡞ࡿࡢࢆ࠾࡞ࡋࡃᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࡞ሙྜࡣ䣍⚄ࡀṇ⩏ࡢࡓࡵ㞀☀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁ䣍㐨ࡀ⮬⏤㏻⾜࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡶ≧ἣࡼ䣬࡚ࡣ䣍๓㐍ࡶᚋ㏥ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺◚⁛ࢆᣍࡃែ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡑࢇ సࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧࡔ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺✀ࡀᮍ᮶ࡢ☜࡞ᖇᅜⵗࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࡋ ᛣࡽࡏ࡚ẅࡏ㈙ࡉࢀࡓࡢ䣎 ࣇ࢚ࢦ࣭ࢹ࣭ࢹ䣵࢜ࢫ ⚄ ࡢ ⅖ ࡼ䣎 ⏨ 䥹๓᪉᮶࡚ᖗᏊࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䥺⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎័ࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡶࡢ࡛䣎 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡁࡉࡲ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵࡛ࣥࡣ࡞࠸࡞䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබ䣍࠾ࡠࡋ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ 䥹⏨䣍⬗╔ࡶ㛤ࡃ䥺 䢣 ࠶࠶ ࡓࡕࡶ࠾࡞ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㝎ୗࡀ࠾࡞ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡽ࠸䣬࡚䣍ࡢ⪅ 䣎࠺ࡸ䣬࡚ࡇࡇ䣎ࡋࡋࡣ䣍 䥹ᑂᛮ࠸䣍ᩘṌ࠶ࡎࡉࡾࡋ ࡚䥺ఱࢆࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡞࠸䣍ᩛࡶ᪉ࡶ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ືࡃࡉ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡓ䣬࡚ࡶࡢ୰ࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ௦⏨ࡣ࠸ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ 㐌㛫๓ࡼࡾᣏㅜࢆ⏦ࡋฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡃ࠾チࡋࡀ࠸ 265 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀ᩘே䣍㏨ஸ⪅ྠࡌ᪉ྥ㏥ሙ䥺 ࡋ࠸䣎䥹ࡦࡾࡢᣦᐁ䥺ࡑࡢ࠺ࡢ㥽ර㝲ࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ࢆㆤ ࠸ࡸ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ ㏦ࡋࢁ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ╔࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ⓚᖇఏ࠼࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࡀ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶࡣ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 䢣 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣఱ⪅ࡔ䣎 ࡀ‶ࡕࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ⮬ศ࡛ゝ࠾࠺䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ฟⓎࡋࢁ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢᘬΏࡋ ࡣ㈐௵ࢆ㈇䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠺䣎 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍ᯇ᫂ࢆᣢ䣬ࡓᚑᩘྡࡶ᮶࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢ࠺ࢆྥ࠸࡚䥺Ẋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡢ୍ᕷẸࡈ 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍㐃⾜ࡉࢀࡿ䥺 ࡲࡍ䣎ᐑ୰࡛ᶒຊࢆᣢࡘࡉࡿ࠾ࡓࡀፉࢆࡘࡅࡲࢃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ୍⥴ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠸䣎ࣦࣔࣛ䣵 ࡢᅜቃ╔࠸ࡓࡽ䣍 ࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀࡣፉ࡛䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓຓࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ ࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡣࡇࡢᏊࢆࢻ䣶ࢡࣛ ᇛࢆᣢࡘུẕࡢチ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡇ ࡑࡇࡽࡣᏳࡔࡽ࡞䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࡢᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚䥺Ᏻᚰࡍࡿࡀ࠸࠸䣍⨾ࡋ࠸Ꮚ䣎 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 䥹ᡭࢆᘬ䣬㎸ࡵ࡚䥺⨾ࡋࡃ࡞࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍ṇ┤࡛ࡍࡀ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࠾♩ࡢ⏦ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡉ࠶ፉࡸ䣍⾜ࡇ࠺䣎 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥ ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢ࠺ࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡶ࠺࠶ࡢ⏨ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎䥹ࣝ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࡶ㏥ሙ䥺 ᝏ࠸ࡇࢆࡲࡎࡸ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ࡔ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍ ⓚᖇⓚᖇࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ࠾㏉ࡋ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 㐪࠺ཱྀᐇ࡛㛗࠸㛫䣍ເ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎࠶ࢀ࡛ኳ⛗ࡢ㔜ࡉࡀྠࡌ࡞ࡿࡽ䣍 ࢘ࡢ㌷㝲ࡢࡇࢆୖࡣ༙ศࡋ▱ࡽࡏࡎ䣍༙ศෆ⥴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡅࢀ䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ Ẽࢆⴠࡉ࡞࠸࡛䣍ࡇࢀࡽࡣఱࡶࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ ࡿ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࠺ࡔ䣍ୖ䣎ࡰࡃࡓࡕࡔ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡇࢆࡸ䣬ࡓࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀ࡑࡢᚑ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍㯮࠸࣐ࣥࢺࢆ㢌ࡽࡪ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⏨ࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ᡠ 䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࡇࡢ⏨ࡦࡾࡔࡅ㏣࠸ࡘࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡁࡉࡲ䣍そ㠃ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ㅰ⫗⚍ࡢ⠇࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸䣎 ᯇ᫂ࢆ䣎 䥹ᚑ⪅ࡢࡦࡾ䣍ගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ䥺 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ఱ࡚ࡇ䣍ࡇࡢே࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀ⮬ศࡢࡽࡔࡶࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫䥺ᑗ᮶ ᛰࡿ࡞䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹୧⭎ࢆࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡢ୧⫪⨨࠸࡚䥺࠾ࡉ࠾ࡉ⏝ᚰࢆ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀㸟 㐨ࢆࡣࡎࢀ࡚㏞࠸䣍࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ㝕Ⴀᗊㆤࢆ㢪࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࠸ࡓࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶ㏣࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀࡽ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍⾤ ࠺ᛮ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࢁࡀᡓࡢ႖㦁ࡣึࡵࡣ㐲䣬ࡓࡢ䣍᪑㊰ฟ࡚ 35 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶࡀ㏨ࢀࢇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡲࡉࡇࡢ⏨ࡽ࡛ࡍ䣎 36 266 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࡢ ぢ ㏻ ࡋ ᚰࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ⏝ ᚰ ࡍ ࡿ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡞ ࡢ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ 㸽 ㈼᫂ࡉ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࢁ᮶ࡓ䣎 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡀ㏥ሙࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺 Ⰻ࠸࠺ྥࡅࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࡣጁࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡳ䣍≀ࢆỴࡍࡿࡢࡣ⾜ືࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡽఱࡶࡶ ࡑ࠺ࡣ࠸ࢇ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ࠾ࡠࡋࢆ㠀࠾ࡑࡤ⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡁ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ఱࡶイࡎゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡓ࠸ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ࠺ࡸࡽ࠾ࡠࡋࡣཝ㔜࡞ಖㆤ┘ᐹࡀᚲせࡽ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ බࡓࡕ ࡑ࠺ᮃࡳࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍䣬ࡃ࠾㝀ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡼ䣎 රኈ୍ ࠾࡞ࡋࡃほᛕࡍࡿࢇࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼࡞ࢇࡒ䣍ፉയࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿᜍࢀࡀ 䥹୕ே䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡁῧࢃࢀ࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ྉࡪ䥺ࣖࢿࢡ㸟 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡉ࠶ᛴࡆ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㏿㐩ࡔ䣎 䥹⭜ࡅ࡚᭩ࡃ䥺 රኈ ࡑ࠸ࡘࡽࡢ⪥ࡣࡶ࠺⪺ࡇ࠼ࡡ࠼䣎࡚ࡵ࠼ࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ⏕ࡁṧࡾ䣬࡚ࢃࡅ䣎 ࡔࡽ䣍ゝ࠺ࡇࢆ⪺ࡅ䣎 ࡇࡢᏊࡣ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡇࡢᏊࢆᏲ䣬࡚Ṛࢇ࡛ࡸࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢃࡋࡀಽࡉࢀࡓࡽ䣍 ࣂࢪࣝ㸟 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ᡠ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ఱ䣍ࡲࡔ࠸ࡿࡢ䣎࠾ࢀᑐࡍࡿࡇࢆゝ 䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚࡞࠾䣍ࡼࡃ࠾ࡵ࠾ࡵ࠾ࢀࡢ๓࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࡞䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺Ẋୗᑐ࡛ࡍ㸽 Ẋୗࡢ࠾ࢇࡓࡵ⏦ࡋ ࡓࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡀᡭධࢀࡓࡇࡢ᭩≧ࡀ䣍Ẋୗࢆࡇࡢᅜࡢே ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㑧㨱ࢆ࡞ࡉࡿ රኈ୍ ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡞䣎ᑼᑿࢆᕳ࠸ࡕࡲ࠼䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸䣍୍䣍ࡢ 䥹ࡩࡓࡾ䣍ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺 ୕࡛࠾ኳ㐨ࡉࢇ࠾ࡉࡽࡤࡔࡼ䣎 ࡶᛴ࠸࡛ࡓࡃࡉࢇ᭩ࡃࡇࡀ䣎ࡇࡢ᭩≧䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ᥋࿀ࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍Ẋ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡇࡢୡࡶࡣࡸᩆ࠸ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ䣎⨥࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࢇ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ⴠࡕ╔ࡅࡿᡤࢆࡼࡑ࡛᥈ࡋࡲࡍ䣎᭩ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ ୗࡶ᥋࿀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹㏆ࡃ࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺 ࡛࠸ࡿ⪅ࢆᗊㆤࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᩆ࠸ࡢᡭࡣఙࡧ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᏳὈ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ኳᖥࡢ୰ධ䣬࡚䣍࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺 ࠺ ࠺ ࡴ 䣍ࡇ ࡢ ᭩ ≧ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ㅦࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏨ࡔ䣎࠶ࡢ⏨ࡢゝ࠺ࡇࡶࡍࡿࡇࡶ䣎ゝ䣬࡚࠸ 䢣 ࡿ ࡇ ⮬ ศ ⮬ ㌟ ࡀ ┠ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡔ ࡽ ࡞ 䣎 䥹රኈ୕䣍᮶ࡿ䥺 ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎 䥹႐ࢇ࡛ໃ࠸ࡼࡃ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾ䥺࠾࠸䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ヰࡀ රኈ୍ ఱࡔ䣎 䢣 ࠶ࡿ䣎䥹࢝䤀ࢸࣥ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺㏉࡞ࡋ䣎࡞ࡽࡤᨺ䣬࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎↓ᩘࡢ✵ රኈ୕ බࡓࡕࡔ䣎ໃᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚㔝Ⴀᆅࡽᖐ䣬࡚ࡃࢇࡔ䣎ࡘ࠸࡚ࡡ࠼䣍 ࡇࡇࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡃࡒ䣎ࡇ䣬ࡕࡣᙅࡍࡂࡿ䣎㏨ࡆࢁ䣎 ࡢᅗࡀᚰࡢ๓ࡓࡺࡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹⬥ᡬྥ࠸䣍ࡑࢀࡽᘬࡁ㏉ࡑ࠺ ࡍࡿࡢࡼ࠺❧ࡕṆࡲࡿࡀ䣍ࡋࡤࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡈࢆࡋ࡚ࡽ㏥ሙ䥺 ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㝕Ⴀࡢ㏆ࡃ䣎ኤᬽࢀ䣎⯙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ࡛ᩘⓎࡢ㖠ኌ䣎ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䣍ᢤ ࡽ࡞䣎 රኈ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡲࢃࡡ࠼䣎᭷㞴࡚࠼ࡇ䣍࠾ᡭᙜ࡚ࡣඛ㈔䣬࡚ࡿ ࡁ㌟ࢆᡭ䣍ፉࡶⓏሙ䣎 䥹୕ேࡢරኈ䣍㏨ࡆ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍కࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ䣍ᢤࡁ㌟ࢆᡭࡋ࡚᮶ࡿ䥺 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ຓ䣬ࡓࡒ䣎ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࡓࡵࢃࢀࡓ䣎ࡸࡘࡽࢆ㏣䣬࡚䣍㤳ษࡾᙺேᘬࡁΏࡏ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢺࣝࢥே࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡀ㌷ࡢᒌࡔ䣎༝࡞ࡀྠ⬊ࢆẅࡵࡿ 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢⓚᖇ㌷රኈࡀ㊧ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࡲࡔ࠶ࡿឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ፉࡼ䣍᮶࠸䣎ࡲࡔࡲࡔࡇࡢ⭎ࡀᨭ࠼࡚ࡸࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆᏲࡿຊࡣ 267 ࡇࢇࡕ ࢀࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⏤䣬࡚᮶ࡿࡇࢁࡶᛀࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎Ⰻᚰ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎᪥ࡓࡔ ࡿ䣍◚⁛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀᚰࢆࡼࡂࡿ࡞䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ࡍ࡛❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ࡇࡢྜྷ࡞⣬ษࢀࢆぢ࡚࠸ ࡢࡼ࠺Ⰻ࠸┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ䣍Ⰻᚰࡣ┠ࢆࡘࡪ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡋࡋ⋤ෙ 㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ㐓⬺ࡸ᫂ࡽ࡞㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸䣎 ࢀࡤඛ⛬ࡲ࡛ྠࡌሙᡤᡠࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞ࡽࡲࡔ㛫ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎◚࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍ ᶒຊࡢጤㆡࡀᚲせ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡀࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡢ᭱ᖺ㛗⪅࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢࡓ࠾௵ࡏࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍ࡶ࠺Ṥ௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡇ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࣞ䤀࢜ ࣏ࣝࢺ䣍ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ⾜ࡇ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡢⰋᚰࢆ⚄ࡢ๓࡛Ὑ ࠸ࡊࡽ࠸ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎⚄࡞ࡽࡇࡢⰋᚰࡢᛕࢆࡈᏑࡌ࡛䣍ゎࡁ ࠺࡛ࡍࡀ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀㄡࡼࡾࡶࡑࢀࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡋṇᙜࡔ䣎 ࡄࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡽ࡞䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡇࢀ࡛῭ࡳࡔ䣎ࡋࡋୖ䣍ࡼࢁࡋ࠸䣍ಙᛕ ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ㄔᐇࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡋࡋ≉ぬ࠼࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ䣍䥹ࢡ ᵓ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࠺࡛ࡍ䣍ࡇࡢᝏඪࡪࡾࡣ㸽 ࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ⏨ྠࡌ⪃࠼ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣୖᶒຊࢆᕪ 㢮ࢆᕪࡋฟࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡇྡ๓ࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎 34 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐䣹ࢡࢫ䥺␗㆟ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⏝ᚰࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡋ࡚ ࡣ ࡇ ࡢ ⪅ ࢆ ✚ ᴟ ⓗ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡔ ࡁ ࡓ ࠸ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ಙ௮ࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ≬ಙⓗ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎 ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ᙉࡃ䥺ኵࡔ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺ࡇࡑࡇࡢ⏨ࡀࡼࡃศ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ᭩ࡅࡤ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡶࡢኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ 䥹ⓙ䣍᭩㢮ࢆㄞࡴ䥺 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䣎ࡼࡃࡶហᘝࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࡞䣎ࡇࢀࡽࣉࣛࣁ⾜䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇッ࠼࡚ࡸ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 㟈࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑࢀࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡰࡃࡓࡕࡢᡓ࠸ࡓࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ࡞䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ᜤࡋࡃ䥺Ẋୗ䣍༠㆟⤖ᯝࡢ⛎ᐦࡣᏲࡿࡇࡀ᮲௳࡛ࡋࡓࡒ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ⓙࡶ࠺⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ䣎 ࠾ࡠࡋࡽࡶ⾜ࡃ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࠾కࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡲ࠶࡞䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡏࡵ࡚㤿㌴ࡢᡤࡲ࡛㏦ࡽࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎㏆࠸࠺ࡕ➗㢦࡛࡛ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⨫ྡࡋ࡚䥺⨫ྡࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡢᣵᣜࡣᢤࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ᨺ䣬࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ⓙ䣍Ẽࡀ⁛ධ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡔࡽูࢀ ⬣ࡉࢀࡿⓚᖇࢆ㝜㝧Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡳࡏࡿࡒ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ㉃ࡅࡲࡍ䣎 ᨺ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡌࡁࡲࡿࡼ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ᖏࢆࡲ䣬ࡍࡄ┤ࡋ࡚䥺࡞ࡽࡤࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡓ ࡿ䣎 ࡋୖࡆ࡞䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ䣎ࡔࡽࡇࡢ⏨ࢆ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㈼࠸ࡸࡘ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ጤ௵≧ ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ྡ๓ࡀᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹᭩ ධࢀ࡚࠶䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹⬚ඖࡽ⣬ࢆ୍ᯛྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䥺࡛ࡣࡈ⨫ྡ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡔࡅ࡛⤖ 268 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ 䥹ྠᵝ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡔ䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡌ⇕Ⅿࡉ࡛ᙇࡾୖࡆࡲࡍ䣎ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣㅮࢆỴ㆟ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ⓚ ࡶࡑࡢຊ࡛ᨵ᐀ࡉࡏࡓኌࢆ䣍ࡑࢀྠࡌኌࢆ䣍⌧ᅾᮍ᮶㚷ࡳ࡚䣍ྠ ಙ௮ࡢ௦⌮ேࡋ࡚⾜ື࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࢘䣵䤀ࣥࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࡛ᗄ༓ே ࡽࡣࢃࡓࡃࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪷⫋⪅ࡋ࡚䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢㄝᩍ⪅䣍⚄⪷࡞ࡿ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣ࠾チࡋࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛䣍ពࡋཱྀ࡚ࢆ㛤ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡘࡅ䣍୍᪦⦆ᛴ࠶䣬ࡓࡁ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢ㯮ᰕࡋ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ ࡏࢇ䣎࡛ࡍࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡓ࠾ࡦࡾࡀᶒຊࢆ㌟ ⪃࠼࡚ࡶ䣍ᝨዮィ༴㝤ࡤࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎༠㆟ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࢃࡅࡶࡲ࠸ࡾࡲ ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛ㄔᐇࡉḞࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋ䣍ᖇᅜ୰ࡢ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ ᖇࡀࡇࢀࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡽ㸽 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡇ࠸ࡘࡣྩࡢࡓࡵႅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑ࠺ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡉ䣎 ᩒ ࡉ Ẽ 㧗 ࠸ ࠾ ᚰ ࠾ ࠸࡚ ㅖ ᅜ ࡢ ࡈ 㡿 ඛ ࢇ ࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ᛮ ࠺ ࡓ ࡣ ㄡ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡇࡢᗘࡣ㐪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡀㄡࡼࡾࡶ࠾ះ࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆ䣍ຬ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡋࡲࡍࡶ䣎 ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍⟅࠼ࡣࡑࡇ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡓ䣍ࡇࡢࡓࡇࡑࢃࡓ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺䥺ᅗ࡛ᫍࡍ࡞䣎ⓚᖇࡢ῝࠸ ᚚᚰࢆࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ຊࡀ㊊ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋ䣍ຊࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎Ỵᚰࡋࡓࡇࡣ㡹ᅛ࡛ࡍࡀ䣎 ࡃࡋࡵࡢྩ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ⫋ࢆࡇ࡞ࡍࡣࡇࡢࡓࡣỴ᩿ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀᛣ䣬࡚❧ࡕୖࡀࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࢆࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᡭࡾ࡛ᢲ ࡋࡵࡿ䥺 ࡑ ࢀ ࡲ ࡓ ␗ ➃ ⪅ ࡢ ᖹ ศ Ꮚ ࡦ ࡑ ㏻ ࡌ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ࢃ ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥබࡉࡲ࡞ࡽ₩ⓑ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣎 ࢀࢃࢀࡢ⨥ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍ಙ㢗ࡉࢀࡿᶒຊࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶䣬࡚ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ᛣ䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋỴ᩿ຊࡀ࡞࠸࠺䣍ぢࡏ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࡛ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠸ࡢ⪅ࡀཤࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢゝ㉁ࢆࢺࣝࢥே࠼⾜ 䣬ࡓ࠶࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝ࠺ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⱞ㞴ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓୖ࡛䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣ᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡋ ࡋ䣍᮲⣙࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡲࡎᏲࡽࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ᮏ≀࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࡶࡋⓚᖇࡀⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢ༠㆟ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡽ㸽 ࡢಸࡶࡦࡃᛂ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺⾜ືࡶ௧ࡶࡸࡵࡓࡽ䣍ྠࡌࡇࢆࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ୖ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡣ↓ᐇࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑࡇ࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࡇỴ᩿ຊࡢᶍ⠊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍㎿㏿ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ↓ᐇࡔ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿ䣎⨥ࡼࡾ࡞࠾ࡢࡇᝏ࠸䣎ࡇࡢẼ㧗࠸ࣁࣥ ⾜ ື ࡋ ࡚ ␗ ➃ ศ Ꮚࢆ ᅜ ෆ ࡽ ᾘ ࡋ ࡓ ࢩ 䣻 ࢱ ࣖ 䤀 ࣐ ࣝ ࢡ ࡢ ࡈ 㡿 ࡛ ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡣ⁛ࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ே㛫䣬࡚ᓫ㧗ࡋ࡚⚄⪷࡞ࡶࡢࡣࡍ ࡉࡋ࠶ࡓ ࡍ䣎 䢣 ⁛ྥ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺࠸࠺᪥ᩛ᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺ࡑࢀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢỴ᩿ຊࢆ⛠㈶ࡋ࡚ࡃ ▱ࡽࢇࡢ䣎 ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚䣍∦ࡸኌࢆ࠶ࡆ䣍∦ࡸࡦࡑⓚᖇࡢ㉡ᒍࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡒ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ఱࢆゝ࠸ฟࡍ䣎ࡇࡢࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⋢ᗙࡢ㊧ࢆく࠺ࡇ ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍♽ᅜ ኚࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢺࣝࢥேࡣ␗ᩍᚐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ㐨ࢆồࡵࡿຊࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀၥ㢟ࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡢ࠾ᚰࡀ 䣬࡚ࡢࡇ࡛䣍⥾⤖ࡣ࠶࡛ࡍࡀ 䢣 ࡚䣍᎘ᝏࡢࡸࡴࡽẼ䣍ࡑࢀࣉࣛࣁ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ㊥㞳ࡣ↓㛵ಀ䣍◚ 269 ࢃࢀࡽࡀ㧗㈗࡞ᐙ㛛ࡢ࿚࠸ࡔ䣎㠀ࡋ࡞࠸䣎୰ᗤࡢ㐨࡞࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࢃ ࢀ ࢃ ࢀ ࡣ ࡑ ࢇ ࡞ ࡩ ࠺ ワ ࡵ ᐤࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ⩦ ័ ࡣ ࠶ ࡾ ࡲ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡶ୍⚊࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎∗ࡉࡲ䣍ࢃࢀࡽ࡛⚊࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡔࡽࡇࡑ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶㅮࡔ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡛ࡣ༠㆟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡲࡎ䣍㝕୰ᚅࡓࡏ࡚࠶ࡿ㏻ヂಀ୍ゝ䣍ㅮ࡛ࡶ䣬࡚༠㆟ࡀ ⤊ࢃ䣬ࡓࡇࢆఏ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞ࡐ䣍ࡑ࠺ᛴࡄ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᩛ᪉ࡢ᮲௳ࡣᏑࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡀ㈼᫂ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡉࢀࡓఇ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹᳔Ꮚࢆࡎࡽࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡣ┤᥋ෆ㒊ࡢ⪅ࡽᐜ᫆⪺ࡃࡇࡀ ᡓࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍㛶ୗ䣍⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࢺࣝ ࠾⪺ࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛣࡾ≬䣬ࡓࢺࣝࢥேࡣఱࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡒ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⃭ࡋࡃ䥺ࡶ࠺ࡦࡘᑜࡡࡿࡀ䣍␗ᩍᚐࡀㆡࡿⅬせồ ࢥࡀ⌧ᅾࡢඃࢆ⏝ࡋ䣍࠶ࡲࡘࡉ࠼ࢃࡀ㌷ࢆᚋ⾨ࡽᏙ❧ࡉࡏࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࢺࣝࢥࡣ࡞࠾せồࢆቑࡸࡋ䣍ྠࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ≛≅ࡶቑ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ༴࠸ࡓࡍࡽ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ グ㘓ࢆ⥆ࡅࢁ䣎 㢌ࡢ୰࠺ࡶࢃࡋ࠸ࡇࡀࡶࡸࡶࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢇ ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࡴࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ఱ࡛ࡶࡃࢀ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡶዲ㒔ྜ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎 ࡤࡏ࡞࠸ࡇࡲ࡛ᘏᮇࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡔࡽࡸࢇࢃࡾᙉไࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ䣍ୖ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡘ࠸ඛ㡭䣍ⓚᖇࡢୖࡣࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᨻࡢࡽ㏥ࢀ䣍ᘬࡁᘏ ࠾ศࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡼ䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍࣋ࣝࢆ㬆ࡽࡍ䣎ᚑ䣍᮶ࡿ䥺 䥹ᚑ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ༶้ࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇࡔ⣬ษࢀࢆΏࡋ࡚䥺࢜䤀ࣇ䣷ࣥࡢኴᏲࡢ⛎᭩䣎 ࣃࢩ䣺 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ∗ࡉࡲࡣ䣍ࡈ⮬ศࡀࡋ࡛ࡋࡓࡇࡀࢇ࡞ࡇ࠸ࡎࢀ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡶ࡞ࡢ䣎 ᣄྰࡍࢀࡤᝒ࡞ែࢆᣍࡃゝ䣬࡚䣍↓⌮ᙉ࠸ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡍࡿⅬࡣ䣍ࡑࡢࢇ࡞ࡇศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᡓ๓ࡢ≧ែᡠࡏ䣍࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽṇᙜ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ᡃ៏ࡍࡿࢇࡔ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚䣎㯲䣬࡚ᅜᖐ 䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡰࡃࡣࡇࡇṧࡿ䣎୍ර༞࡞䣬࡚ࡶ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀ࡚ ࡑࡢ⎰♟ࡢୖ❧ࡘࡇ࡞䣬࡚ࡶ䣍⾑ࢆὶࡑ࠺ࡀ䣍ࢇ࡞ᝒ࡞ᡓ࡞ ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᶒຊࡈពᛮࡢࡓࡵᡓ࠸ᢤࡃ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ᛌẼᙼࡽ㢦ࢆࡑࡴࡅ䥺ࡸࡴࢆ࠼ࢇ䣍ㅮࡔ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ࡞࠾ࡶࡑ࠺イࡃࡢ㸽 33 ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢ⏦ࡍࡇࢆࡌ ࣃࢩ䣺 ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ䣎࢜䤀ࣇ䣷ࣥ ࡢኴᏲࡢチ࡛⛎᭩ව㏻ヂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡀ㝕୰᮶ ࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ௦ࡀワࡵᐤ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡀワࡵᐤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡏࢇ䣎 ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ 270 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡶ࠺୍ᗘゝ࠺ࡒ䣎༠㆟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫᖹ↛䥺Ẋୗࡣᡓࡢഃ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡍ䣬ࡾ⤊ࢃ䣬࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓ䣎䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ከᩘỴ࡛㈇ࡅࡿ࡞ࡿ䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ㆤ⪅ࡢᆅࢆ᪂ࡓ⪃ࡋ䣍タࡅࡿ⣙᮰ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡞䣎ࡑࢀࡶᖇᅜ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࠺࠸࠺ពࡔ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡢ୰ᯡࡽ༙ࡤษࡾ㞳ࡉࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡔ䣎ࡇࢀ࡛࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࢇࡔࡇࡀࡤ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ Ṍࡳᐤࡿ䣍᭱ᚋࡣᐤࡾษࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡒ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ᛮ࠺ናࡔࡼ䣎 ࢀࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶㅮࢆ㑅ࡪ䣎 ࡛ࡍ䣎ಙ௮ࡢ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ䣍ᕼᮃ࡞ࡇ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹⥆ࡅ࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡇࡢ㌷㝲ࡣṤࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡤࡾ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗ䣍ࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡢㄦㅫࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ ࠸ࡸ䣍イࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦ ࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍Ⰻ⟇ࡣⰋ⟇࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓ࠼ࡑࢀࢆฟࡋࡓ⪅ࡀࡋ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣎 䢣 ࣐ 䣹 ࢡ ࢫ ࡛ࡣ䣍ୖࡣ㸽 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍Ẋୗ䣎 ࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀୖࡢពぢࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡽ࡞䣎 ༨㡿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎㐃୰ࢆ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡃࡏ䣍ಖㆤࡋ࡚ࡸࡽ࡞ࡃ ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡋࡋࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࠸࠺ᅜࡶ䣍ࡑࡢ᭱㧗ࡢᆅࡶࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋಙᚰ῝࠸ே㛫ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ▱ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺ࡑࡢ࠺ࡢពぢࢆ୍ᗘ⏦ࡋ ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎 ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ㸽 ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡢ䣍ᙼࡽࢆࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ㸽 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㅮ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡞ࡐศࡽࢇࡀ䣍ࡶࡃ䣍␗➃⪅ࡢ࠺ࡀ᭷⬟࡛ຬᩒࡔゝࢃࡊࡿࢆ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹᭩㢮ࡢୖࡀࡳࡇࡳ䣍⊂ࡾゝࡢࡼ࠺䥺ᡓࡀ᪂ᪧศࡢⴌ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡣ௨๓࡞ࡽᮏᙜࡔ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ ᚓࢇࡢࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣᡓࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣୡ⏺ࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡛ࢆ࠸ࡓ䣎Ṋ㐠ࢆ ᅇࡍࡿ䣎▱ᜨࢆ⤠䣬ࡓࡾ䣍⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆᡶ࠺ࡢࡣࡑࡢ࠶ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ୖ䣍Ꮚ౪ࡌࡳࡓࡇࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡃࢀゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㌷ࢆ ⱆ࡛࠶ࡾ᰿※࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡇࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡲ࡛㝕ᆅࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢቨࡣᔂࢀⴠࡕ࡚ᨵಟࡶ࡛ࡁ ࠺䣎ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡀᖹ✜࡛䣍␗➃⪅༠ຊࢆஒࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࢇࡔࡽ䣍 䣬࡚ᩋࢀࡓࡢ䣍ᗘࡣ༙ศࡢරຊ࡛࡚ࡿ࡛ࡶᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡚࠸࡞࠸䣎ᖹ࡞ఫẸࡢᩓṌ㐨࡛䣍࠶࠶࠸࠺ᩛᑐࡋ࡚㜵ᚚࡍࡿ࡞ࢇ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ␗➃㞟ᅋࢆ㏣ᨺࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ䣎ࡔࡽࡇࡑ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࡈពᛮ ࡘࡲࡾఇᡓࢆ ࣐ ࢸ䣵 䤀 ࢫ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺㤳ࢆᶓࡿࡢ䣎 ࢺࣝࢥࡀఇᡓࡸࡑࡢᡭࡢࡋࡆ࡞ᢸಖࡢࡓࡵ㛫ࢆᾉ㈝ࡋ࡚䣍⮬ศࡢ ᙼ ࡢ 㤳 ࡀ ᙼ ࡢ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡂ ࡾ 䣍 ᶓ 䣬࡚ ࡶ ࡼ ࢁ ࠺ 㸽 䢣 ࡔࡀᛮ࠺䣍㏨ࡆ㐨ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ᡓㅮࢆ⤖ࡧྜࢃࡏࡿ㏨ࡆ㐨ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᥦ႐ࢇ࡛ྠពࡍࡿࡇࢁ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣌ࣥࣥࢡࢆࡘࡅ࡚䣍⇕ᚰ䥺࡛ࡣㅮࡈ㈶ᡂ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ ࡞䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㸽 ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡛ࡍࡀᡓᑐ࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࠼࠼࠸䣍ᨺ䣬࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ᐇ㝿䣍ぢࡿࡇ ࢁ≧ἣࡣࢺࣝࢥࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ䣎 䢣 ࠺ᚤ➗ࡳࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ┈ࢆㅉࡵࡿ࡛ࡶᛮ࠺ࡢ䣎 ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ᡓࡢྡࡔୡⓗ࡞ᰤࡢࡓࡵࡇࡢᅜࡢ⦾ᰤ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡍࡇ୰㏵༙➃䣍ᚭᗏ࡞ᡭẁ࡛ࡧࡃࡧࡃࢆ㐠ࡰ࠺࡞ࡣ䣍 ࡃࡶ䣬࡚䣍㐨༙ࡤࡋ࡚ࡸ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍୡ⏺యࡢ⦾ᰤࢆ࠸ࡉࡲ༤ᡴ㉃ࡅࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺ࡉࡽࡑࡢ࠺࠼䣍ᩍ࠼ࡿᛮࢃ 271 ࡶ࠺ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡈචࡇ࠺ࡴ䣬࡚㏥ᩓ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺Ẋୗ䣍ఱࡉࡽࡈ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 272 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡇࡇ࠸࡚㆟㘓ࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ఱࡔࢇࡔႅ䣬ࡓ ᣲྃ䣍࢚ࢫࣀ䤀ࡶศࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄡࡀఱࢆႅ䣬ࡓࡢࡶศࡽ࡞ 㓄⪅ࡣ࠾ࡢࢀࡢᮃࡴ࠾ࡾᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡑ࠺㢪ࢃ࡞࠸⪅ࡣⓚᖇࡢ⮧ୗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿ┈࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࡣࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡔࡀ䣍᭹ᚑࡋぢ࠼࡞䣬ࡓㅬࡉࡶ䣍ࡘ࠸࡛㌿ࡀࡾ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡑࢀࡣࡼࡃศࡿ䣎ⓚᖇ┠ࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࡃ࡞ࡿࡽ࡞䣎 䥹ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ䥺ࡉ࠶ࡉ࠶䣍ᗙ䣬ࡓᗙ䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ୖᡭࡢᮎᖍࢆᣦ♧ࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࡇᗙࢀ䣎ࡔࡀ࠸࠸䣍ཱྀࢆࡁࡃࡢࡣၥࢃࢀࡓ ࡛ࢃࡀᐙ⣠ࡢ࣐ࣥࢺࢆởࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࢁ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ࡅࡀ ᵝࠎ࡞შࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ䣍᪂ࡓ࡞ᮦᩱࡲ࡛ࡘࡅຍ࠼࡚䣍ἲࡿ㑇⏘ᶓ㡿ࡢ⨥ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡞࠶䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢ࠾ࢀࡓࡕࡣ ࡁࡔࡅࡔࡒ䣎ఱࡔ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ᮘࡢୗᡭഃࡢ➃࡛䥺ࡈᏑࡌࡢ㏻ࡾ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ዲࡁ࠸ࡓࡏ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢࣃࣥᒇࡢ๓࡛㌟ࡌࢁࡂࡦ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡣ࡚䣍࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡞ࡽヰࡣ⪺ࡁࡁࡲࡍ䣍ᗙࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣎 ࡘࡏࡎఱ㛫ࡶ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡸ䣬ྍឡ࠸ᑠ㯏ࡢዿ⢭ࡀ࠺ࡲ࠸ ࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⏫ࡌ䣮࠺㒊ࡁࡓ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺࣌ࣥࣥࢡࢆࡘࡅࡓ䣎 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࢳ䣻ࢡࢳ䣻࢟ࢫࡢ㡢ࡳࡓ࠸ࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎࠾ࡲࡅࡑࢀࢆ▱䣬࡚ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ୗࠎࡀࢡࢳ䣺ࢡࢳ䣺ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢀࡤ䣍ྩࡢ࠺ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡇࡔࡲ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡽ๓⨨ࡁࡣࡸࡵ࡚䣍ᮏ㢟 ࡾ䣍ྍ㑊ࡔ࠸࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢྩࡢࡇࡔࡲࡔ䣎࡛࡞ࡅ ᩙࢆ㔜ࡡࡓゝⴥᕦࡳ࡞సᩥ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥࡢㅮࡀ㈼᫂ࡘᚲせ࡛࠶ ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ఱࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎᥎ᩙ᥎ ࡲࡉఱࡶࡶグ㘓ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡞䣎ࡑ࠺ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⏨䣍ࡶ䣬㈼ ධࢁ࠺䣎ㅮࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼ࠸䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ᅜࡢᇶࡓࡿྩࡢⓚᖇࡣࡇࢀࢆᮃ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ୰ࡢ᭩ࡅᡭࢆఙࡤࡍࡢ࡛䥺 ࡇ❆㎶ࣦ䣷䤀ࢾࢫࡢࡈࡃ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎 ᫂࡞ヰࢆࡋࢁ࠸࠺㢦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ᙼࡢ࠺ࡀṇࡋ࠸䣎࠸࠺ ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲࡅᩘከࡢ㜿ㅀ㏣ᚑࡢู✀ࡢ㝜ㅛࡀࡦࡑ⏬ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚䥺୍ゝ࠺ࡔ䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣎 ࡍࡿࡇࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡽࡔ䣎⪺ࡃࡇࢁࡼࡿ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢࣉࣟ ឡ㡿ࡢᩗពࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࡀࡋ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢྩ࡛࠶ࡿᚚோࢆྏ㈐ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡞ࡽ䣍ே㛫ࡣ☜࠾ࡢࢀࡢ᭱ၿࡢࡶࡢࢆᮃ ࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ➼᪘ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ෆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥᑐࡍࡿᏳಖ ࡓ࠸䣎ࡔࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ㌟ෆࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࢁࡌࡓࡢࡔ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ᘵ ⟇ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠺䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྥ䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆྏ㈐ࡋ ࢃࡅࡔ䣍ᮏ㢟ධࢁ࠺䣎ࡉ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍ᗙ䣬࡚䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ╔ᖍࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡇ࡛༠㆟ࡋ࡚ฟࡓ⤖ㄽࡀⓚᖇࡢࡈ ពᛮἢ࠺ࡶࡢ䣍⫼ࡃࡶࡢࡀศ䣬࡚ࡽ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ⓚᖇ䣬࡚ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࡀࡇࡇ࡛ᚾᗘࡉࢀࡿ ࡑࢀ ࡑࡢேࡢࡓࡵ䣍 䢣 㞀ᙼࡽࡢಙ௮ࢆᐜㄆࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾ䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡢࡦࡾࡢ㡿 ࡀㄡ▱ࡾࡓࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ࡑࡢྡࢆゝ࠸ࡓࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡀ 䢣 ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣬࡚࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡀᮃࡴࡇࡢࡳࢆᮃࡴࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᨭ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ఱࢆᣐࡾᡤ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎᭹ᚑࢆᣄࡴྖ௧ᐁࡣษࡾ⪅ࡤࢀ ࡀࡘ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺⪁ࡅࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࡡ䣎ࡇ 㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡶ䣬ࡶ࠶ࢀࡽ䣍䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺▱ᜨ ࡲࡍࡒ䣎ࡋࡋᦢࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓᅜㅮࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ⪅ࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡢጤ௵ࢆ ࣥ ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡀ᮶ࡓࡢࡣ䣍㌷⚄࣐ࣝࢫࡢ⎔㐠ືࢆᏛࡪࡓࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࡽ࠶ࢀ ࢱ ཷࡅ࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ䣍ᩆୡ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢẸࡢഅീ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ᑠ ࣝ ࡇࢀ༠㆟ࡍࡿ⪺ࡁࡘࡅ࡚䣍࠺ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡓࡾ╔ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࢫ ኌ࡛䥺࠾ᛀࢀ࡛ࡍ䣍ㅮࡀḧࡋ࠸ࢺࣝࢥⓚᖇࡢ࣒ࣛ䤀ࢺ ࡣ䣍ఇᡓࢆ 㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡃ࠸䣎ㅮ࡞ࡎࡋࡃ࡚ᡃ៏࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺∗ୖᣵᣜࡣඹࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍 ㄯࡣᢤࡁࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍ䣎 ᑡࡋ㣗ࢀࡤࡲࡓඖẼࡶฟࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ㌷㝲࡛ࡣୖ࡛ࡶୗ࡛ࡶᢡ࠸ࡊࡇࡊࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ䣎࠸ࡀࡔࢁ࠺䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ∗ࡉࡲ䣍ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋ࠸ࡈᵝᏊ䣍࠾ࡧࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࡦࡾࡢᚑ 䥹⏦ࡋฟࡿ䥺බࡀࡓࡢࡈධ᮶࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢇ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࠸ 㸟 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ᡓࡣዲࢇ䣎୍␒࠸ࡸ࡞ࡢࡀᡓ㣗ࡔ䣎ࢻࢶ㥽ኈᅋ㛗ࡋ࡚ࡣ Ẋ ୗ ࡢ ᮃ ࢇ ࡛ ࠾ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿࡇ ࡣ ≬ Ẽ ࡢἋ ử ࡔ ఱࡶࡶࡁࡕࢇࡋࡓ࠸䣍ࡾࢃࡅ㣗༟ࢆ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⛣ື୰᪑⾜ ୖࡽ୍᮲ࡢග࡛ࡶᕪࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ 䢣 ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡶࡣࡸࡇࢀࡲ࡛䣎ᣄྰࡢ᪉㔪ࢆኚ࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 䥹๓ᬒ 㣗࡛⭡ࡈࡋࡽ࠼ࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠾Ẽ㐵࠸࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡇ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ୖ䣍࠼ࡲࡋࡓࡡ䣎ࡦ࠸༴㞴ࢆ㏨ࢀ࡚䣍ࡢ႐ࡧࡶࡦࡋ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㖄ࡔ䣎ྠࡌ㖄࡛ࡶ䣍࣐ࢫࢣ䣹ࢺ㖠ࡢ㖄࡞ࡽࣃ䤀ࣥ㣕ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࡀ䣍 ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ࡲࡔⱝ࠸ࡽ䣍㏨ࡆࡿࡇ࡞䣬࡚ࡶ㡹࡞㊊ࡀື࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ࠾࡛ࡍࡀ䣍᪩㏿⏝௳ࢆ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡤࢀࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡢᢎㄆࡋ࡚ୖ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ⣣ࢆᘬ䣬ᙇࡿ䣍ኳᖥࡢ࢝䤀ࢸࣥࡀ㛤࠸࡚䣍⥳Ⰽࡢᕸそ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ๓㐍ᚋ㏥ࡢ୧᪉ࡀ࠶䣬࡚⎔㐠ືࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡘ䣎 ࢃࢀࡓᮘ⫰᳔Ꮚࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 ࡍ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡽ㔜ࡃ࡚㕌࠸䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡶࡃ䣍㆟ࡢᮘ᳔Ꮚࡣࡇ࡛ ࣝࢫࡣࡦࡲࡎᚋ㏥ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡢᡓ⾡ࢆ㈶⨾ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡔᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㍤ࡅࡿᝨᫍࡢ㌷⚄࣐ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣࢃࡓࡋࡣពぢࡀ㐪࠺ࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎ࡇࡇṧ䣬࡚䣍⭎ヨࡋࡋ 㐨ࡀࢺࣝࢥ༨㡿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩ࡃ࢘䣵䤀ࣥᡠࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡛᭶᱇ෙࡀḧࡋ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛䣍ᛴ࠸࡛⏝௳ࢆ䣎ࡑࢀࡀ⤊ࢃࡾḟ➨䣍 䥹බࡓࡕ䣍ᑟࢀ࡚ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࡞࠸ࡶ㝈ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡁ䥺ࡲࡉࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ┠ㄽぢࡀ⇍ࡋ࡚ࡇ ࠾ศࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡣ࠸࠼ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡶഛ࠼ࡓᩆୡࡢ⭎ࡢ୰ 䢣 ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ᪂ᪧ᪉ࡢ➼᪘ࡀࡓࡶ༴ᛴࡢ࠾ࡾࡣ䣍⾜ືຊ ࠼ ࡓ ⪅ ࡣ ࣁ ࣥ ࢞ ࣜ 䤀 ࡛ ᶒ ຊ ᙳ 㡪 ຊ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘࡇ ࢆ ႐ ࢇ ࡛ ㄆ ࡵ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ 32 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡢ୰ࡕࢇࡲࡾ㛢ࡌࡇࡶ䣬࡚࠸࡚๓㐍ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡲ࡛ࡉࢀ࡚䣍㌟ศࡶἠๆࡶയࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᡓᩗពࡣ㏻⏝ࡋ ࠸࡚䣍ୖࡉࡋ࡚㐪ࢃ࡞࠸≧ἣࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠾ࡲࡅࢃࡓࡋࡣᤕ ୖ䣍㡬㠃ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡔ䣬࡚࣏䤀ࣛࣥࢻࡢ⋤ෙࢆத䣬࡚ ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡋࡋ䣍ࡇࡢྜవศ࡞ឤࡌࡢࡍࡿ⏨ࡀࡦࡾ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡡ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍⥳࡞ࡽ┠ࡶ㢌ࡶ෪࠼࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶ࡳࢇ࡞䣍ᗙࢁ࠺䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ጁࡶᾋࢇ࡛ࡇ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍㟷࠸ࢸ䤀ࣈࣝࢡࣟࢫࡣ⢭⚄㝔┤⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ⥳ࡢࢸ䤀ࣈࣝ䣎࠺ࡴ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ័ࢀぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⰍࡔ䣎ᮘࡀ㉥࠸ఱࡢ ࡞࠸䣎ぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶䣬࡚࠸ࡃࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉ࡚䣍ୖࡶࡈᏑࡌࡢ⏚ࢆ 273 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺㸽 ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ࠾┠࡛ ࡤ䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ๓ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䣍ࡑࡢᡭࢆᥱࡾ䥺Ẋୗ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࠾ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㐜ࢀ࡚ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ 䢣 ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀⓙ䣍ᖾࡏ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 䢣 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ṧࡾࡢරࡶពẼ㜼႙ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢᡭ❧࡚ࡋ࡚ࡣ ࡢឡឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎࠺ࡴ䣍ᗘࡤࡾࡣࡲ࠸䣬ࡓ䣎ࢇࡢᩘࢭࣥࢳࡢᕪ䣍 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹❧ࡕṆࡲ䣬࡚䥺᪂ࡓ࡞ࡿᨷᧁ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ䣎 ࡓ࠾ࡾ 㛫୍㧥ࡢࡇࢁ࡛䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබᏊࡣ䣍⋤ࡶஒ㣗ぢ⣮࠺Ἠୗࡢே ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ㅮࡋࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡢ㌟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䥺ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣍ࡼ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ ࡞ࡿࡇࢁࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹⮬ศࡢ᭹ࢆぢࡏ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ◚ࢀࡼ࠺ࢆぢ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࢺࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ᪂ࡓ࡞䣍ಸࡶᙉⅯ࡞ᨷᧁࡔ䣎 䢣 ࢥࡢࢧ䤀࣋ࣝࡔ䣎ࡓ䣬ࡓ⊂ࡾ࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍ᩛࢆࡦࡾࡎࡘࡸ䣬ࡘࡅࡓ䣎ᘬ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡘ࠸ඛ㡭䣍Ẋୗࡣ☜ಙࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍᮲⣙ࡢ ࡳࡀ 䢣 ࡁࡶษࡽࡎ䣎䥹ᡭࡾࢆࡋ࡚ぢࡏ࡚䥺ࡔࡀ䣍Ꮚࡶࡢࡇࢁ⩦䣬ࡓ࣐ࢧࣔ 䤀ࣟ⪁ඛ⏕ ࡢ࢝ࣝࢺࡢᩳࡢᵓ࠼ࡀ᭱ᚋࡣᙺ❧䣬ࡓ䣎ᖺࢆྲྀ䣬ࡓ㎰ኵ 䥹ᚑࡓࡕ䣍▷࠸࣐ࣥࢺࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࢘䣷ࢤࢸ䣵࢘ࢫ ࡤࡾࡢィ⏬ࡀ┠ࡢ๓ᾋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡞ ࡇࡢゝⴥࡣ⾑ࡀ࢝䣹࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡓࡂ䣬ࡓࡲࡲᚰ⮚ࡽ㢏ୖ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ඛ㡭ࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎ࡑࡢࡣ⪅ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀࡣᩋࡅࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡲ࠶࠸࠸䣎 䢣 ゝ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᡓ䣬࡚ࡣ㏥༷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡞䣬࡚䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ❧ሙࡣࢀ 䥹ᚑࡓࡕ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀᭹ࢆ⬺ࡀࡏ䣍࣐ࣥࢺࢆ╔ࡏࡅࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ㛫䥺 ఱࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡀࡇࡢୖ╔ࢆࡃࢀࡓࡢ࡛䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࢃࡀ㝕Ⴀᡠ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎 30 ࡽ䣍ࡶ䣬ヰࡋྜ࠾࠺䣎 බࡀࡓࡀ䣍ㅮࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗࡢ࠾ゝⴥࡶᛮ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡇࡢ䣍Ẋୗࡤࢀࡓ ᚰࡶ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 31 274 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡇࡢᡓࡣኻᩋࡔ䣎࣐ࣥࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢺぶ∗ࡀࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚䣍㌷ࡀ ࠸䣎⌧ᅾᮍ᮶ࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡇࡔ䣎Ẽศࡸࡽࡸࡽ⫋ศࡸࡽࡀࡌࡿ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ᙼࡽࡣᡓࢆ୍ᗘࡌ䣬ࡃࡾぢ࡚ࡳࡿࡀࡼࢁ࠺䣎ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ ቯ⁛ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓࡽ䣍ࡲࡶṊჾࡸᡓ㌴ࢆᢅ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑ ࡇࢁ⾜ࡃࡢࡣࡑࢀࡽ࡛ࡼ࠸䣎 ࢀẚ࡚࠶ࡢࢺࣝࢥேࡶ䣍䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆࡁࡕࢇ╔ࡿ䣎ᚑࡓࡕ䣍㞳ࢀ ࣇࣜ䣻䤀ࢤࣝ ࡿ䥺ᮏ≀ࡣᮏ≀ࡔ䣎ᬑ㏻࡞ࡽᕝ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍ᕝࢆ㢗ࡾࡍࡿഃ➃㒊㝲ࢆ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ヰࡀ࠺࡞ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢ⪥ࡣධ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࢀࡓࡽ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䣍ⓚᖇࡀ䣍ࡈពᛮࡍࡿ༠㆟ࡀࡇࡇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࠾⪥ࡉ Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡽࡁࡓࡽே㤿୍య࡞䣬࡚Ὃ࠸࡛ࡁ࡚䣍㜵ቨ ࡇࢁ࡛䣍㏥༷ࡢሗࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎㌷ᡠ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ḟဨࡣከ࠸ ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡇࢁࢆᨷᧁࡢ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡽࡣẼࢆࡘࡅࡼ 䢣 ࠺䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡣ࠸࠼䣍⤖ᯝḟ➨࡛࠾ᛣࡾࢆචࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡀ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ᭱Ⰻࡢ㜵ᚚࡣᣙᥱࡿࡀ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ Ẋୗࡀࡇࡢ㌷ࡢᣦᐁࢆゎ௵ࡉࢀࡓࡽ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡰ㌷ࡢ୕ศࡢ୍ࡔࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᣄࡴࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎 䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䥹⾜ࡁࡘᡠࡾࡘ䥺୕ศࡢ୍䣍ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡿᙜࡓ䣬࡚ࡳࡓ䣎 䢣 ࡢᖹẸࡢ᭹ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡉࡲ㸽 බ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ᣦᐁࡀ༑ྡ䣎 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣎 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡑࡢ⋤ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ 䥹ྠࡌ᪉ྥ⥆ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺 ṓ 䣍 ṓ 㸟 䥹ⓙ䣍ୖᡭᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࡣゝ࠺࡞ࡼ䣎 රኈ୍ 䥹ୖᡭࡢ⩌ࢀࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࠺㛫ྜ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍వィ࡞ࡇ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࡉ࠶䣍ⓙࡢ⪅䣍 ṓ 㸟䥹୍⥴⥆࠸࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ဨ ࡅ࡚㉮ࡾᐤࡾ䣍 ୧ᡭ࡛ᙼࡢྑᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚ࡽ䣍ୗᡭᛴ࠸࡛㏥ሙ䥺 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ⪺࠸࡚ࣅࢡ䣹㌟ࢆࡍࡃࡵࡓࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ䣍㝲㛗ࡵࡀ ᐙᛅ࡞ࡿ⪅ࡣྉ䣎 ࡉ࠶䣍 ṓ 䣍 ṓ 㸟 㝲㛗 䢣 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡋ䣬䣍ኌࡀ㧗࠸䣎 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀ࡶୗᡭ⛣ືࡍࡿ䣎࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ᙼヰࡍ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹⯙ྎ୰ኸ࡛䣍බࡢ࠺ྥ࠺㌟ࡾࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࡣ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ ᗘ䣍ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࠸ࡿරኈࡢ୍ᅋ䥺 රኈ୍ 䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ⓚᖇࡢಱࡢࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀ㝕୰᮶࡚࠸࡚䣍ࡦࡑ ࡞くᧁຍᢸࡍࡿ⪅ࢆເ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ዪࡀࡩࡓࡾ䣬࡚ࡿ㤿㌴ࡀ≺࠸࡛䣍㆙ ㆤࡶᡭⷧࡽࡋ࠸䣎 ⓚᖇࡢಱࡀ┐㈫࡞ࡶࡢ䣎ࡔࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ఱࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 රኈ ࡑࢀࡌ䣭࠶ࡲࡿ࡛┐㈫ࡢくᧁࡔ࡞䣎 රኈ୍ ኳᖥࡢෆ㒊䣎⊃࠸✵㛫䣎ᚋᬒࡣ࢝䤀ࢸ࡛ࣥ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 රኈ ࠾ࡲ࠼䣍⾜ࡃࡢ䣎 እࡽࡣ࡞࠾䣍 ṓ ࡢኌ䣎 ⯙ྎࡣ✵࡞ࡿ䣎ሙ㠃㌿ ࡽ䣍㔠㈌࡛ᡶ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡒ䣎䥹㔠㈌ࢆぢࡏࡿ䥺 රኈ୍ ⾜ࡃࡉ䣎ࢡࣥࢶࡶࣁࣥࢫࡶ࣓ࣝࢸࣥࡶ⾜ࡃࡒ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබ䣍⭸ࡲ࡛ᆶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㉁⣲࡞ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀㢼ࡢୖ╔ࢆ╔䣍ᩘே ࡢᚑࢆᚑ࠼࡚ୖᡭࡽⓏሙ䣎 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹⯙ྎ୰ኸ࡛䥺࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ䣍┠ඛࡢࡁ࡞࠸ࡸࡘࡽࡢࡓࡵࡇࡢ ║ຊࡸṇᙜ࡞ࡾࢆ≛≅ࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡽṚࢇࡔ࠺ࡀࡲࡋࡔ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀䥺ᶵᩄ䣍ᢤࡅ┠࡞ࡃ䣎࠶࠸ࡘẼࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣎 䥹ࢡ ࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚㏥ሙ䥺 ᗘࡣࡲࡇ㤳ࡢ⓶୍ᯛࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹⮬ศࡢ᭹ࢆぢ࡚䣍ᚑࡓࡕ䥺ࡢ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡉ࠶䣍⾑Ẽࡉࢇ࡛ᛅᐇ࡞ⱝ⪅ࡣ䣍Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࡢ රኈ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡛䥺ࡉ࠶࠾ࢀࡶ௰㛫ࡔ䣎ࡽࡸࡿࡢ䣎 ࠸ࡸ䣍ࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡼ࠸䣎ࡁ䣯࠺ཷࡅࡓ㎯ࡵࢆᣔ࠸ཤࡿࡲ ୖ╔ࢆࡃࢀ䣎 ࢁࡄࡢࡀࡼ࠸ࡽ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍᳔Ꮚࡣࡃࢀ䣎᪂ࡓ࡞⾜ືࡢࡓࡵຊࢆ࠼ࡿ๓ࡣ䣍ࡢࢇࡧࡾࡃࡘ 䢣 රኈ୍ ኪࡔ䣎 ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀 ࡛䣍ࡇࡢ᭹ࡣ࠾ࡉࡽࡤࡍࡲ࠸䣎 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ 䢣 ྲྀࡾᕳࢀ࡚ රኈ ࡼࡋ䣎 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ྉࡧኌ 䥹⯙ྎ࡛䥺 ṓ 䣍 ṓ 㸟 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ఱࡈࡔ䣎 䢣 㝲㛗 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⿇ࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚䥺⏨ࡀࡦࡾ 275 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ୖᡭࡽධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺㐨ࢆ࠶ࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡈྩࡢチ⾜ࡡ 㝲㛗 ࠾⪺ࡁ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࿘ࡾࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ ୍ᚰྠయࡔ䣎ᩍⓚࣟ䤀࣐ࡣᕪࡋ⨨ࡅ䣎ࡳࢇ࡞ᘵࡔ䣎 ᩘேࡢරኈ 䥹ྠࡌືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࡼ䣍ᘵࡼ䣎 ࡁ⪥ࢆ㈚ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞࠸࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ฿╔ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ⓙࡉࡲࡣ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡉࡲࡢ⫋ົࢆ௦⾜ࡉࢀ䣍⊒ୗࡢᄱ ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡽ༠㆟ࡢࡓࡵࡔ䣍ࡧᐤࡏࡽࢀࡓබࡀࡓࡀࡈ ࡢ㏨ஸ⪅ࡽࡀ䣬ࡓ㏨ࡆ㐨ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍⊒ୗࡀ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ᨺ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎 276 ࢫබࡢࡇࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࢀࡔࡅ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࢆ㎯ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㉧ࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎ࡓࡔ㢗ࡴࡽ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ୖᡭࡽ᮶࡚䥺ఱࡓࡿࡇࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡢ㝕୰䣎 ࡇࡢ㌷㝲ࡣࡇࢀ࡛࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ㡿࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡘࡶࡾ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࠾Ẽࢆᝏࡃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡈᏳᚰࢆ䣎ᚋࡣࢃࡀ㌷ࡢࡓࡵ 䣎᭱ၿࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࡋ࡚䣍⊒ୗࡣ䣍Ẋୗࡀ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ఱࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡣࡇࡇࡣ࠾ࡽࢀࡲ 䢣 ࡏࢇ䣎࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡇ ࡇࡢ㝕୰ᡠࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡔࡅ࡛༑ศ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎࡛ࡍࡽࡈฟ❧࡞ࡉ ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎ࡑࢀࡶẊୗࡢࡈ௧ᚑ䣬࡚࠶ࡕࡽ࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡓࡀࡓࡢチ࡛ ࡈ⮬ศࡢ㐠ࢆヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡞䣎 䥹ᚋᬒ࠸ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍୍ิᩚิࡍࡿ䣎ୗᡭࡽࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ࣞ䤀 ᩚิ㸟 බࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢ࠾ᡂࡾ㸟 ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ䣍ࡇࡢᆅ⊒ୗ࠶ࡲࡾࡈᅾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓࡃ࡞࠸⏤䣍ఛ ࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥࡢྛබ䣍Ⓩሙ䥺 ࡛ ࡣ ⊒ ୗ ࡢ ᩍ ༊ ࡀ ࡇ ࡢ 㝕 ୰ ࠶ ࡿ ࡛ ࡶ㸽 ࣀ ࢩ 䣻 ࢱ 䣹ࢺ ࡛ 㐨ࡀᦂࢀື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ୖࡢࡇࡣࡲࡔఱࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡇࢇࡢ䣎 ࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥ 䥹ኴ䣬ࡓᮁࡽࡑ࠺࡞⤀ኈ䥺ࡦ࠸⇕ᾋࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺ ࡋ࠸䣎 ࡀࡽ䥺ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢࡈධ᮶⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒྥ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍䣍ᙼࡽࡢ࠺Ṍ࠸࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ ࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹බࡓࡕ䣍ᑐ᪉ྥࢆぢ࡚ࡽ䣍⯙ྎࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅ࡚㏥ሙ䥺 ࡣ⚄ࡢᜠᑋࡢぢ㎸ࡳࡀṤ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀࡶࡑࡢࡣࡎ䣍ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢኻᩋ㐣ࡕࡢ㈐ࡵࢆ㈇ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡋࡶ࠾⯙࠸ ࢆᢲࡋ㏻ࡉࢀ䣍⚄ࡢᜠᑋࢆồࡵࡿ⪷ᆅᕠ♩⛠ࡋ࡚ᡓࢆ㐙⾜࡞ࡉࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ ࣓ࣛ䤀బ 䥹ᙼࡢࡇࢁṌࡳ䥺㛶ୗ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࠶ࡎࡉ䣬࡚䥺ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎 ࢺࡤࡾࢃࡾ䣍ⓚᖇ㝎ୗᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠸ࡿㅖᅜࡢேࠎࡢᚰࢆ㝎ୗ ࡍ䣍ࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡀ⊒ୗࡢࡈጾගࡢ㍤ࡃࡇࢁ࡛ࡍ䣎࠾⪃࠼ 29 せồࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ⤯࠼࡚࡞䣬ࡓ䣎㟋㨦ࡢ∾⪅ࡣᩍࡢᩍ༊ࡀఝࡘࢃ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⩏ົࡀࡑ࠺せồࡍࡿࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࣉࣛࣁ⾜ࡅ 䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡘⓎࡓࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࠾ᛣࡾ࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎⊒ୗࡣࣉࣛࣁྊႏࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ ࢺ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ᴦኈࡶ㋀ࡾᡭࡶ୰ධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎➗࠸ኌ䣍ᮼࡢኌ䥺 ྜ䣬࡚㋀ࡾጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡑࡢሙᒃྜࢃࡏࡓරኈࡓࡕ䣍ࡑࡇ࠶ࡿ㓇ಖࡢࢸࣥ 䥹ᚋᬒ࡚⣲ᮔ࡞㡢ᴦࡀ㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿ䣎ᩘ⤌ࡢ࣌ࡀ㡰Ⓩሙࡋ䣍ᡭࢆྲྀࡾ ྉࡧኌ 䥹ᚋᬒ࡚䥺ࣖ䣹࣍䤀䣎ࢪࣉࢩ䤀ࡔ䣎 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 䥹⊂ࡾṧ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ୗᡭ๓ᬒ㐍ࢇ࡛䥺࣓ࣛ䤀㸟 ࡤ䣓Ⰻዲ䣔ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࡔ䣎࠶ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡣᛮᝨࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ㌷ࡣゎ ࡽ⫼ࡏ࡚࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎࡛ࡍࡀ┠ୗ䣍ᨭ㓄≧ἣࡀኚࢃࡾࡲ యࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍࡿ䣎ࢃࡀࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ᐁࡍࡿẼࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ ࠺ࡶࡇࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࢀ ࡋࡓ䣎ᮏ㝕Ⴀࡢྩࡋ࡚ᣦᐁ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡉࡲࡀ䣍 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 㐪࠺ࢇࡔ䣎 ࡩࡓࡾࡢ⏥㥽ර රኈ ࡇࡢ␗ᩍࡢዪࡣ᩿↛࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࢢࣛ䤀ࣥ ࡢࡇ࠸ࡘࡢᐙࡣ࠾ࢀࡀ 䥹රኈࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿ䣍ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡓࡔ䣍ⓚᖇࡀᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀 Ẋୗࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ྠࡌࡇ䣎ㅮࡔ䣎 㝲㛗 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ᮃࡴᮃࡲ࡞࠸䣎䣍ၥࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍࠺ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍࠺ࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࢀ䣍እᩛࡢᡓࡀㄪࡉࢀ࡚䣍 ␎ዣࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡞䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢ፵ࢆẅࡋࡓࡢࡀ࠾ࢀࡔࡽ䣍ࡇ ࠸ࡘࡣ࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎ᙜ↛ࡔࢁ䣎 䢣 䥹ࢺࣝࢥዪ䥺ᮏᙜ䣎 ཱྀࡀࡁࡅ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᮏᙜ࡞ࡽ䣍 䢣 ࡇࡢዪࡢ㢌ࢆࡕ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡔࡀࡢࡇࢁࡣࡇ࠸ࡘࡣ࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢ රኈ ⏥㥽රࡢࡦࡾ ࡇ࠸ࡘ䣍࠾ࢀࡢᡭ䣍ᥱࡿ䣎 ࡋࡋරኈࡶࢆ࠺ᐋࡵࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡶ࠺༑᭶ࡶ⤥ᩱ ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃෆྥ䣬࡚㎥⭎ࡀ࠼ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 㝲㛗 ࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ ࡛Ẹරࢆເ㞟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇࡀ ⏥㥽රࡓࡕ 䥹ᡭࢆࢧ䤀࣋ࣝ࠶࡚ࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠸䣎 ㄡ䣍ㄡ࠸࡞࠸䣎ᑐ୍ࡣ䣎ྠ㒓ࡢ⪅ࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ ࠸ࡢ䣎 රኈ 㸽 㐍ࡶ୕㐍ࡶ⾜࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࢁ䣎 䢣 㝲㛗 ᩛࡣఱ⪅࡛ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣃ䣹ࢧ࡛࢘㌷ഛࡣ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡔࡼࡃศ䣬࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ㄡ 㝲㛗 䥹ᙼࡽࡢ㛫ධ䣬࡚䥺ࢨ䤀࣒ࣛࣥࢺ ࡢ⪅䣍ࡉࡀࢀ䣍␗➃ࡢ≟ࡶ䣎 ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࡣࡶ࠺ゝ䣬ࡓ࠾ࡾ䣍ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜⓚᖇࡢࡓ 䣍ࡿ 䣍ࡔ䣬࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࡞࠸࡛ࡶᛮ䣬࡚ࡿ ࢺ ࣝ ࢥ ࣝ ࢱ 䤀 ὴ ࡀ ࠸ ࡘࡶ ࡄ ࢆ⏬⟇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣎ᮅ䣍㏨ஸඛ㠴ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡢࡣ␗➃ࡢ㍮ࡶࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ษࡾ ࡢ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ࡚࠺ࡋ࡚䣍ᕷ㆟㌷ࡢࡸࡿࡇ࡞ࡍࡇࡳࢇ࡞ኻᩋ 㝲㛗 ⏥㥽රࡢࡦࡾ ⏨䣍ఱ䣍ゝ䣬࡚ࡿ䣎 ࡵࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨ࡓࡕࡣఱ⪅ࡔ䣎 䥹ᩘேࡢ㯮࠸᭹ࢆ╔ࡓ⏨ࡀ⯙ྎࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡿ䣎࠺ࡕఱேࡣࡩࡓࡾᖗᏊ ࢆ⬺࠸࡛ᣵᣜࡍࡿ䥺 27 ࡓࡀࡓ࡛ࡍ䣎᐀᪨ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡇࢆබሗ࿌࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍࠸ࡘ 㝲㛗 䥹ࢆᢤࡁࡅ࡚䥺࠾ࢀࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࢆ䣎ㄡࡔ䣎 ᡭ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝ࠺ேࡣბࡘࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡢ㛫ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡀࡓᐷ㏉䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚ ➨ࡢරኈ 䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡚䥺ኻ♩࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⪅ࡢゝ࠺ࡇࡣṇᙜ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ㏦ࡾ㏉ࡍࡔ㸽 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ࠺࡛ࡧᐤࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎 䥹⯙ྎ࡛ዪࡢྉࡧኌ䥺 ఱࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢ㝕୰࡛ࡣ䣍ຬᩒ࡞⪅ࡣࡳ࡞ᘵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ᥱᡭࡔ䣎 ⪅࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ࡢ᐀ὴࡢㄝࡃࡇࢁࢆ࿚ࢃࡎ࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍 ࡼ࠺䣍ᮅࡢᡓ࠸⮫ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎⮬ศࡣṇ┿ṇ㖭ࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡಙ ࡇࡢ⏨䣍ࣝࢱ䤀ὴᩍྰᐃㄽ⪅▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍Ọ㐲ࡢᩆ῭ࢆ㢪࠺⪅ࡢ ࡃ ࡓࡋࡀබᏊ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᨾ㒓㏦ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡓࡾ䣍ࡉࡉࡸ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍ᚸࡧ㊊ࢆࡋࡓࡾ䣍㝜ㅛࢆ࡚ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃ 㝲㛗 㔠ࡢ㙐ࢆ╔ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ䣎࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ 28 26 ࡦࡾࡢරኈ 䥹ᤕࡽ࠼ࡓࢺࣝࢥዪࡢᡭࢆᘬ䣬ࡥࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺㐪࠺ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ 277 ᡭ 䥹ᡭࢆᕪࡋࡢ䥺ࡉ࠶䣎 ➨ᖥ 23 ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㝕Ⴀ ࡢ✵ࡁᆅ䣎ᚋᬒኳᖥ䣎 278 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 䣹ࢺ㖠රࡀⓎᑕࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢁࡀᧁࡓࢀࡓࡢࡣྠ㒓ࡢ⪅࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ᬯ㜌ᝨ ࢃࡉࢀ࡚䣍ᛶᛴ࡞ᙎࡀᩛ᪉ࢆ㛫㐪࠼࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡸࡀ࡚㌷ࡀ ㏨㉮ࡋ䣍㜿㰯ྉႏ䣍ẅᡘ䣍ᛣྕ䣎࠶䣬࠸࠺㛫ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᛀࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡋ 㝲㛗 䥹ࡲࡓ࡛࠺ࡋࢁྥࡁṌ࠸࡚Ⓩሙ䣎యࡢ๓▷࠸▩ࢆỈᖹᵓ࠼࡚ ᑡேᩘ࡛ฟⓎࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎⬥┠ࡶࡩࡽࡎ䣍ࡓࡔࡓࡔࢃࡀ㌟ࡢᏳࢆồࡵ䣍ࡇ ࡓ䣎୕ᗘ䣍ᩛࡢ⊛ᨷࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍ໃࡢ⪅ࡀࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡚ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ ࠸ࡿ䥺ᡠࢀゝ䣬࡚ࡿࢇࡔ䣎ྛ⮬䣍⮬ศࡢᣢࡕሙᡠࢀ䣎ࡁࡉࡲࡽර㝲ࡔ ࡢ㔝Ⴀᆅࡵࡀࡅ࡚ఱࡓࡾ╔࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࡇ᮶࡚䣍ࢺࣝࢥேࡀ ࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣍⾜ࡃࡶṆࡲࡿࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ḟ➨࡛ࡋࡓࡀ䣍Ṇࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡋ ࢁ࠺䣎ᩛ๓㏨ஸࡍࡿẼ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡑ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡸࡘࡽࡢᖐࡾ㐨ࢆ⾑࡛ࡍ㯮ࡃሬࡾࡓࡃ ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤⓙ䣍ᚑ࠺ࡢ 䢣 బࡢ䣍㝕୰࡛ษࡾེࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡇ࠸ࡘ 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍Ⓩሙ䥺 㝲㛗 ࡍࡿࡇࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㏫⪅࡞ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࡲࡎᣦᐁࢆ䣎 ࡏࢇ䣎ࡶࡃᣦᐁࡣ࡞ࡓ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 㒊㝲ࡢᩘே ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣎 ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡽࡸࡘࡽࢆ᥈ࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡚Ẽࡣẟ㢌࠶ࡾࡲ 䥹୍ᅋࡢරኈ䣍㝲㛗ྠࡌഃࡽⓏሙ䣎ࡑࡢ୰ᡭࡀ࠸ࡿ䥺 ᡭ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㏨ஸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡞ࡽࡤ⏽ࡲ䣬࡚⏦ࡋ ࠶ࡆࡲࡍࡀ䣍ᩛࡀࡇ࠸ࡿࡢ䣍๓᪉࡞ࡢᚋ᪉࡞ࡢ䣍ࡇࢀࢆࡲࡎ࠾ ᩍ࠼ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ᡓኈ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᩛࡀㄡศ䣬࡚࠸ࢀࡤᡓ࠸ࡲࡍࡀ䣍⛛ ࡼࡃࡶୗࡢࡁࡉࡲࡀᣦᐁㄝᩍࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞䣎 ᗎࡶሗࡶ௧ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆᏲࡿࡢࡀ㛵ࡢᒣ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣎 㝲㛗 ᡭ 㛶ୗࡀ༑ಸ㛶ୗ࡛䣍⮬ศࡀ༑ಸୗ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺ࡶ䣍㛶ୗࡀ㛫 㐪䣬࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ୗࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࣛ䤀ࣉᕝ ࡢሐ㓄ഛࡉ 䥹ᚎࠎேࠎࡀ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡍ࡛࡞ࡾࡢᩘ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࡚䣍ど㔝ࡢཬࡪ㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚䣍࿘ᅖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾨රࡶာරࡶ࠸࡞䣬 ࣝࢥேࡢࢧ䤀࣋ࣝࡢ㣵㣗࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᖹᆠ࡞ᆅᙧ࠶䣬 ࡪࡿ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸䣎ᑗ㌷ࡢሗࡣ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡀពẼ㜼႙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡣ䣍ࡢࡇࢁࡣ᭹ᚑࡢᚭᗏࢆᅗࡿࡼࡾ┠ࢆࡘ ࣓ࣛ䤀 䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ᤞ࡚࠾ࡅ䣍ࡢࡇࢁࡣ䣎ᩛࡣ᥋㏆ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾ䣍ࢃࡀ㌷ ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᩍࢆ◓ࡋ࡚㡹ᙉ⢓ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ༑ே䣎ᙼࡽࡣࡇࡢ⾑࡞ࡲࡄࡉ࠸ኪࢺ 24 㝲㛗 䣍✺↛ጞࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䣓ࣛ䤀䣍ࣛ䤀䣔ᗄ༓ࡢ㧨㠃ࡢཱྀࡀ䣍ࢃࢀ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࡴࢁࢇࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබᏊࡢࡢ㸽 ࢃࢀࡢ๓ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᚋࢁࡽྉࡧฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝࢆ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡦ 㺃 ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺㐍ゝࡋࡓ⪅ࡀ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍࠾࠾⚄ࡼ䣍ࡶࡋẊୗ 䤀 ࣄ 㝲㛗 ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞შࡀ㣕ࡧ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡣΰࡢ┿䣬ྈ୰࠾ࡽࢀ ࣃ ࡘࡢᕝࡀᕪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㡢ࢆ㡪ࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࢺࣝࢥࡢ㥽㤿ധරࡀ㤿 ࡲࡋࡓ䣎Ẋୗࡀࢻࢼ࢘ᕝࡢྑᓊࢆࣁࣥࣈࣝࢡ ࡸ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ⾜ࡃ㐨ࢆ㐍 ࢫ 䣬࡚Ώ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᩆ࠸⤥࠼䣍࢚ࢫ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ㸟 ୍้ࡢ⊰ணࡶ࡞ ࠸䣍࠶ࡓࡾࡣ⁽㯮ࡢ㜌䣎ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㥽ර 䣎Ẋୗ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠺ ࡀࢺࣝࢥර 䢣 ࡀ㤿ࢆ㣕ࡤࡋ䣍ࡢ⪅ࢆ㏣࠸ࡅࡿ䣎ࡀ䣍ᙼࡽࡶⓚᖇ㌷࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࣐ࢫࢣ 25 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎㝎ୗࡀ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ᙼዪࢆᤞ࡚࡚䣍ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥබ ࡢፉồ፧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ᩘே䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࢆぢ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䥺ࡑࡢ㛫࠾ࡲ࠼⏝ពࡋ࡚࠾࠸ࡓ㒊ᒇ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶ࡢፉࡣ⣽ᕤࡔࡒ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ⚄ࡢ๓ฟࢀࡤ䣍ᚰࡣ⨾ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䢣 ࠸ࡓࡎࡽᆓࡣࡇ⾜䣬ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡢኌ 䥹㒊ᒇࡢእࡽ䥺ࢭࢽ䣼䤀ࣝ㸟 ࡏࡴࡋ ⏽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 䣍 ♩ ᣏ ᇽ ࡢ ⪅ ࡓ ࡕ ࡀ ᑜ ࡡ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࡲ ࡍ 䣍 㝎 ୗ ࡣ ࠾ ࡵࢆ ࠶䣬ࡕ࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ഭശࡢ┿ఝࢆࡋ࡚䥺Ṥ 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽᚑࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 䢣䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠶࠶䣍ࡸࡘࡢኌࡔ䣎 ᡭࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ⫗ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࠶ࡢேࡢᛶ᱁⏕άែᗘಙ௮ࡣࡲ䣬ࡍࡄ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡣ࡚ࡉ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ㦫ࡃࡼ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍࣐ࣥࢺ⾰ࢆᩚ࠼࡚䥺ࡢ࠾ࡵࡣఱࡶ ዪᏊ౪ ࡞ࡢ䣎⏕ࡁࡓᮏ≀ࡢே㛫ࡢ⫗࡞ࡢ䣎ࡑࢀࡇࡢ㟷࠸⾑⟶ࡣ⾑ࡀὶࢀ 䢣 ࡶࡲࢃࡎࡶࡢே㛫ࢆᐮ࠸⛅ࡢኪ䣍࠼ࡉࡏ࡚䣍ࡦࡶࡌ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡉ ࡢࡶඃඛࡍࡿ䣎 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䥺࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶࡼࡅࢀࡤ䣎 䥹ࡢ⪅ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎⮬ศࡀះ࠸ឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣูࡢዪồ፧ࡍࡿࡋ ࡏࡿࡣ䣎ࡒ䣬ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࢃ䣎ࡇࡇࡣே㛫ࡣ࠾ࡽࢇࡢ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣே ࡓࡕ䥺⏚ࡀ᮶ࡓࡽ䣍࠶⥆ࡃࡼ࠺⏦ࡏ䣎 䥹ᡬࡽໃ࠸ࡼࡃධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺∗ୖࡉࡲ䣎䥹ࡍ࡛ᩚ ิࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࢆぢ࡚䣍ࣁ䣹ࡋ䣍ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡄ䥺 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ 㛫ࡶ࠸ࡓ࠸䣎ⓙࡢ⪅䣍ධࢀ䣎䥹᮫࡛ᗋࢆ྇ࡃ䣎ᘐ⮧ࡓࡕ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃ ࡿ䥺Ꮚ౪ࡢࡇࢁࡀࡲࡓᡠ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎࡞ࡋࢁᗃ㟋ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࡢࡼ࠺ 䣍ࡒࡃ䣬ࡃࡿࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䥺ࡲࡔࡇࡢࣉࣛ ࣁᅾࡍࡿࡢ䣎ࡶ࠺㒓㔛ᡠࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࡠ⏝ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡉ࠶䣍⮬ศࡢ⨨䣎 ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍 䥹ᛌά䥺ᘵࢆ㝎ୗ࠾ᘬࡁྜࢃࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡢ⫪ࢆࡓࡓࡃ䣎ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍ࡾྥࡁ䣍ࡉ䣬ⓚᖇࡢ 䥹⾜ิࡀືࡁฟࡍ䣎୧බࡣⓚᖇࡢࡍࡄ┠ࡢ๓䣎ᩘṌṌ࠸ࡓࡢࡕ䣍ⓚᖇࡣ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡢྜᅗ࡛ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣᙼࡢᶓࡘࡃ䥺 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡛ࡣࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡇࡔ䣍ࡇ࠸ࡿ䣎 ᡭ᥋࿀ࡍࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡣឡ῝ࡃ⬣ࡍࡼ࠺䣍㯲ࢀ䣍┠㓄ࡏࡋ䣍ࡶ㐍 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ฟ❧ࡍࡿ๓䣍࠸ࡃࡘㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠾ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ࣝࣥࣉ 㝎ୗࡀ࠾ồࡵ࡞ࡾ䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀㄪᩍࡋࡓࢺࣝࢥࡢ㤿ࢆ୰ ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃ䣎ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡶิ୪ࢇ࡛࠶⥆ࡃ䥺 ᗞ࡛ࡾᅇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ฟ❆ࡀࢀࢇࡤࡾ䣍ⓙ䣍Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ 䥹ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺 ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡸࡘ࠸ࡓ࠸䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎ࡇࡔ䣎㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࢀ䣎 ࡁ䣬ዪࡢ࠺ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑ࠺࠸࠺შࡔ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ே㛫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ䣎 㟷ᡯࡵ䣎㓇㐟ࡧ࠺ࡲ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ⬥┠ࡶࡩࡽࡎ✺㐍ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⓙ䣍Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 ࡾᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔ㸽 ࢃࡀࡲࡲ࡞ 279 䢣 ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ᘵࡢ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎࠺ࡸࡽ ࡦࡘ䣍┠ㄽぢࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎࡛䣍ఱࡀᮃࡳࡔ䣎࡞ࡐᘵࡣὶㅷᆅࡢࣜࣥ ࠶ࢁ࠺࠾ࡓࡀ⫼ᩍ⪅ࡢ௦ᘚࢆ࡞ࡉࡿࡢࢆ⪺ࡠࡓࡵ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ㄡࡀ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠺䣎 ᬯ࠸ࡈୡㄡࡀ䣍ΰࡋࡁ䣬ࡓ⤖ࡧ┠ࢆ୍Ẽࡇ࠺࡞ࡍࡿࡔࢁ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ௦ᘚࡍࡿ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㸽 ㄯࢆゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ䣎ࡔࡀ࡞࠶䣍ࡇࡢ ࢶࢆ㞳ࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࡑࢀࡀ⾜ືࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪ᮃࡔࡋࡲࡋࡓࡽ㸽 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⾜ືࡔ㸽 ࡸࡘࡀ⾜ືⓗே㛫ࡔࢁ࠺䣎㤿䣬ࡓࡾ䣍㉮䣬 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ゝ࠺ࡣ᫆ࡋࡔ䣎 ࡓࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࢀࢆ▱䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᘵࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡶࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀ࢡࣛࣥࢣࣝࣥࢸࣥ ࡛␗➃ࡢⱆࢆࡳྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ゝ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡸ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᑡ࡞ࡃ ࡏࡵ࡚䣍ᫍࡢ⬣ጾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍㌟㏆࡞⪅ࡦࡑㅛ䣬࡚ ࡓࡾ䣍⾡ࢆࡸ䣬ࡓࡾࡣࡍࡿ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡩࡓࡾࡣ∗ࡽ⾜ືຊࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡀ 䢣 ࡞䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡛䣍ࡑࡢࡣ㸽 ಟྍ⬟࡞⛬ᗘࡸࡘࢆ㞳ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡢ ࠸ࡿ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ┠ㄽぢࡀࢃࡓࡋಙឤࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡋ䣍ࡶ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ 䢣 ࠸࠺ࡇࡣศࡽࡏ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎 ࡀ㈼᫂࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ㏆࡙ࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ䣎࡛䣍ᘵࢆ࠺ࡋ 㡿௧ࡋ࡚䣍ࡓࡔࡢ୍᪥ࡋ࡚⣙භேࢆᨵ᐀ࡉࡏ䣍ேࢆ༶้䣍 ᅜእ㏥ཤࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࡓࡋࡢチࡋࡶᚓࡎ䣎 ࢁ࠸࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 䢣 ⟅࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ Ẋ䣍ఱᗘࡶᛴࡂ࡛᭩≧ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡈᅇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡢᮃࡳࡣ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠺ࡴ䣎 ☜ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭩㢮ࡀࡼࡃᩓ㐓ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࡞䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᮘ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᭩㢮ࢆḟࠎࡵࡃ䣬࡚㡰␒ࢆ⁛ⲔⱞⲔࡍࡿ䥺 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ᖊᶒ࡛ࡍ䣎 22 280 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࡑࡇ࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡎࡿࡼࡾ⏘ࡴࡀ᫆ࡋ࡛䣍⾜ືࢆ㉳ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡢᡓ࠸ࡸࡘࡀࡋࡓࡢ䣎ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ䣎ࡋ ࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࡀᡤ㡿ࡣ⣧⾑࡛ࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢᚚᩱᆅࡶࡉࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤᛮ࠸ ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ Ẋ䣍ⱞ㞴ⱞᝎࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⚄ࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ⫱࡚ୖࡆ⤥ ࡣࡶ࠺ᐮ࠸ࡢ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡛䣍ேࡀ༶้䣍ᅜእ㏥ཤࡋࡓࡔ䣎ዪᏊ౪ࡶྵࡵ࡚㸽 ኪ ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡶࡢᆅࡣ࣐ࣥࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢺ ࠸࠺Ṕᡓࡢຬኈࡀ࠾ࡾ䣍㐍ࢇ࡛ᘵ⥲ ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ බ ࡇࡢ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑࢀࡶ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࢨࢡࢭࣥࡢፉồ፧ࡍࡿ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㡿⿇ࡋ࡚ࢻࢶࡢྩ䣍ⓚᖇࡶ ࠺ࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ㞳ࢀࡿ䣎 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀ࠶ࡎࡉࡿࡢ࡛䥺 ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ࡢᆅࡀࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ㐺ࡋࡓᅵᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ᡓኈࡸᣦᐁࡶໃ࠸ࡿ䣎ࡣࡦࡘࡢᩍ⩏ࡀ┿࡞ࡿྰࢆத࠺࡛ࡶ ᪉ࡢ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸ࡽࡑࢀᚑ࠼࡞䣎ࡑࢀࡢᆅࡣ䣍᪂ᩍዲពⓗ࡞ 㐵ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡣ⾜ືࢆៅࡴࡼ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ᑗ㌷ࡢ⪃࠼ ᣦࡢᰤࢆ࠼䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡢࢀࡢ⩏ົࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᘵࢆࡢᆅ 21 ⚄ࡣ ࢃ ࡓ ࡋ ࡑࡢឡ ᡴ ࡕ ࡘຊࢆ ࠼࡚ ࡃࡔ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎㝎ୗࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡓࡢ ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡍࡶ䣍ኳᆅ㐀ࡢ୍᪥┠ྠᵝ䣎࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡇࡑ䣍ᫍࡶ▼ࡶ ࡢ⩌ࢀࡀ⨺㣫࠸ᚑ࠺ࡼ࠺䣍ᫍࡣᩍ࠼㏻ࡾ⚄ࡢኌᚑ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡁ䣯 ࡢࡦࡾࡀ䣍༨ᫍ⾡ࡢࡋࡆ࡞ணゝࢆ⏝࠸䣍⾑➽ࡢ㏆࠸ࡓࡀࡓࡽ༴㝤 ࢃࢀࡽࡣ⚝࡞ࡿ࡞䣎ࡶࡋࡸ㝎ୗࡢᐑ୰ࢆ⁀ࡲࡾሙࡋࡓ⭡㯮࠸ኳᩥ⾡ᖌ ࠺㝎ୗࡢ㢠㝆ࡾ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠾࠾䣍ࡶࡋࡸࡢშࡀࡲࡇ࡞ࡽࡤ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࡈࡽࢇ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ྂ࠸ಙࡢᛕࡀࡲࡓࡶࡸ㟝ࡢࡼ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹㢦ࢆࡑࡴࡅ࡚䥺ᤞ࡚࠾ࡅ䣎 ࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣྥᏛᚰࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣍ࡑࢀࡶ࠺ࡦࡘ䣍ࡢ⪅ ࡃ࡚ᡯ⬟ࡢ࡞࠸⏨ࡔ䣎≀ࡢዟ῝࠸୰ᚰࡣࢃࡓࡋࡣ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔ 䣍ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽఱᗘ࡛ࡶ䣍࠸ࡸศࡽࢇ䣍⟅࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ ࡢᮏ㉁࡞ࡿ⚄ࡢᚚཱྀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ㧗ࡁ┿ᐇࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢୡࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡃࡿ┿ᐇࡢゝⴥࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡶᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࡇࡢୡ ࢆᣢ䣬࡚䣍ᚰ㟼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ⪅࡞ࡽࡤ䣍⚄ࡢᚚཱྀࡽฟ࡚ࡇ ࡀ㏕䣬࡚࠸ࡿゝ䣬࡚䣍㝎ୗࡢ࠾ᚰࢆ㝎ୗࡢẼ㧗࠸ࡈ୍ᐙࡽࡑࡴࡅࡉࡏ ࡣຊࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍⮬ศࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇᑐࡍࡿ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࡶᤵࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢྠࡌࡃ䣍ᩍ࠼㏻ࡾᩗ࡛䣍ᡃḧࢆᢚ࠼䣍ὀព῝ࡃㅬ࡞⪥ ᳜≀ࡶື≀ࡶᶞᮌࡶ┿ᐇࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ䣍ே㛫ࡢ୰┿ᐇࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕḟ᥍࠼ࡿࡓࡀࡓ䣍Ẽ㧗࠸࣐䣹ࢡࢫࡢ䣍㈼᫂࡞ ࣝࣈࣞࣄࢺࡢ 䣍ࡑࢀ୕ே┠ࡢ 䢣 ࠸࠼䣍⥅ᢎ㡰ࡀ➨୍ࡢࡓ䣍 䢣 ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ࠸࠺შࡀࡲࡇ࡞ࡽࡤ䣎ࡶࡋᕥᵝ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡀぢ ࡿ䣎 䢣 ࡅࡢࡓࡵ┿ᐇࡢ┈ࢆ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡢ⪅ࡢᖾ⚟ࢆᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࢃࢀ ࡽࡣ⚝࡞ࡿ࡞䣎 ࢚ࢫ࣭ࣅ࢚ࣥ ࡓࡔ䣍᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡀ៧࠸‶ࡕ 20 ࡋࡋᘵᏊ࡛࠶ࡿᖌ࡛࠶ࡿࢆၥࢃࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸✵ 㛫␃ࡲࡾࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎⛛ᗎゝ࠺ゝⴥࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠶ࡢኳ㧗ࡃ⛛ ᗎࡣఫࡳ䣍ࡑࡢᐙࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢୗ⏺ࡢᆅࡣࡋ࠸㔝ᮃΰࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸ᫍࡓࡕࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࡓࡋሪࡢୖ࡛ኪࡢぢᙇ ࡿ࠶ࡢ⾡ࢆᏑࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎┦స⏝ࡸᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡢỌ㐲࡞ ࡾࢆࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ᫍࡓࡕࡢ㈼࠸║ᕪࡋ⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡒ䣎ࡑࡢ ࡉ ࡼ࠺ ↓ ୗ ࡿ 㐃 㙐 ⧅ࡀࡽ ࡞ ࠸ࡶ ࡢࡀࡇ ࡢୡ ◁୍⢏ ࡓࡾ ࡶᏑᅾࡍ ࡿ࡛ ࡶᛮ࠺ ║ᕪࡋࢆࡋ࡚ ᫍࡓࡕࡣࡢ⋢ᗙࡢ࿘ࡾ ౝ䣬࡚ ࠸ࡿ ࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎 ࠶ ࢀࢆ ⾡ ゝ 䣬 ࡚ ࡳ ࡿ ࡋ ࡚ ࡔ ࡀ ࡢ䣎࠶ࡢᫍࡢ᫂ࡾࡀ䣍ኪࡢ㓉䣬ᡶ࠸ࡢஒ㣗㐨ࢆ↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࡸࡿᏳ≀ࡢ 䥹ᚎࠎኌࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺䣍ࡀࡢࢆ้ࡴィࢆືࡋ䣍 ᫍࡣ⚄ࡀ᭱ึࡾ⤥࠺ࡓࡶࡢ࡛䣍ࡑࡢ୰⚄ࡣኳᆅ㐀ࡢᵓࢆ᭩ࡁグ ࡢ㚝ࡀ㬆ࡿࡓࡧ䣍ኳୖࡶᆅୖࡶࡑࢀࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ࡣ➼ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿỌ㐲 ࡍࡿྜྷ࡞ᫍࡀ 䢣 ࡼࡇࡋࡲ࡞㢪ᮃࡀ ࡀ䣍᪂፧ࡢᗋ 䢣 ୡ⏺ᵓ㐀ࡢຊࡀᛴ࠸࡛⾜䢣 ࡃ ගࡢᬒẼࡢ୰࡛ 䢣 ⤖ 䢣䢣 䥹ࡺ䣬ࡃࡾ㯲 䢣 ࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࡢࡣ䣍ᫍࡓࡕ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ࢝࢜ࢫࡢୡ⏺࠶䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡢࡕ ࡾ㎸ࡴ䣎㢌ࡀ⬚ᆶࢀࡿ䣎㛫䣎ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍Ẽ㐵䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࡉ䣬❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ㄡ࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ྜࡋ࡚ ࡞䣬࡚ே㛫ࢆ⨨ࢀ࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⿕㐀≀ࡀ࠾Ẽྊࡉࢀ࡞䣬ࡓ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡢ ୍Ṍ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺 ேࡣ࡞䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎ே㛫ࡣ⚄ࡽ㞳ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ᫍࡣ㞳ࡋ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎⨺ ࠶࠶ࡑ࠺䣎 䢣 ኪ㜌ࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸⪅ࡓࡿᫍࡢ䣍⚄ࡀࡇࡢୡࢆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢド ࢃࡓࡋࡣ⚄ࢆಙࡌࡿࡀ䣍ᫍࡣಙࡌ࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ᫍࡶ⚄⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 䢣 ⾀⇵ࡔ࡛ࡶゝ࠺ࡢ䣎 ࡣ ࠶ ࡢ ⾡ࢆ 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹࢟䣹࡞䣬࡚䥺ぢࡅ䣍ぢࡅࡢࡓࡵࡔ㸽 ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ 281 ኵࡔ䣎ࡼࡃ᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎 ࡽ㉢⨥ࡏࡿ࢝ࣝࢺ䣶ࢪ࢜ಟ㐨ኈぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⏨ࡔ 䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ ࡃ䣍ᡯ⬟ࡶ࡞࠸⏨ࡔ䣎࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ಙ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡲࡎ࠾ᮃࡳ࡞ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡍࢀࡤ䣍♳ࡾࡀ⪺ࡁᒆࡅࡽࢀࡿ せࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡇࡑࡀࡑࡢ་⪅࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹⭜ࡅ࡚䥺ࡼ࠸䣍ࢃࢀࡽࡣࡇࡢᐑᇛ࡛ࡌ䣬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺䣎 ௦ࡔ䣍௦ࡀኚ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ⒪ࢆᚲせࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ࠸ࡋࡓ་⪅ࡔ䣎ࡋࡶ䣍Ꮩ ⊂ࡔ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ 㝎ୗࡣᏙ⊂࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᖌㄝᩍࡍࡿᘵᏊࢆ࠾チ ࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎㝎ୗࡢ࿘ࡾࡣࡦࡘࡢୡ⏺ࡢே㛫ࡀ༙ศ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᙼ ࿘ࡾࡢࡍ࡚ࡢྩᅜࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎ࡇ࡞࠾∗ ♽௦ࠎࡢ㢼⩦ࡸ䣍Ẽ㧗࠸▱ぢࡸ䣍㧗ᗘ࡞ⱁ⾡ᑐࡍࡿᩗពࡀぢࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࡒ䣎 ࡽࡣ࡞࠾⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⚄䣍⚄ࡢఝጼ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㐲ࡁྂࡽఏࢃࡿ⋢ᗙࡲ ఱࡶㄆࡵ࡞࠸࢚ࢦࢬ࣒ࡔ䣎ࡔࡽࡇࡑࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࢆྏࡾ䣍⨩ࡍࡿ䣎 ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍⮬ᝮࢀ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎⮬ศࡢᡭࢆ䣬ࡓࡢࡣ ࡀಙ௮ࢆίࡵࡿ⾜Ⅽࡔ䣎ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎ಙ௮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣΎ࠸ᚰࡢ୰࡛Ύ ᩛࡣ䣍ᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡉࢇ⾜ືࡍࡿࡽಸࡶవィ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ᩘࢆᩘ࠼࡚ࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡍࡿ༑ಸࡶⓒಸࡶᩛࢆୖᅇ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ᩍࡢᩍ࠼ㄏᝨࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࡅࡢ☜ᅛࡓࡿຊࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢẸࡢ ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡶࢱࣜࡶࣇࣛࣥࢫࡶ䣍㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᚚᩱᆅྠᵝ䣍࠸ࡲࡔ㑧 ࡋࡲࡍࡈ㡿ࡓࡿ㝎ୗᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵࢫ࣌ࣥࡶ ࡔࡀ䣍ࡸࡘࡀࡇࡢㄪᏊ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚⾜ࡅࡤ䣍ࡌࡁ㌟ࡀᣢࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⭎ࡣከ࠸ࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㢌ࡣࡇ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࣇ 䣷 ࣝ ࢹ 䣵 ࢼࣥ ࢺ බ ▱ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ㄡ ࡦ ࡾ ཬࡪ ⪅ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ 㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࡽ⚄⮬ࡽࡀ㝎ୗ༠ຊ⪅ࡋ࡚ᤵࡅࡽࢀࡓ䣍㝎ୗࡢ ࡈᐙ୰ࡢẼ㧗࠸⋤ࡢ㠃ࠎ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾ࡲ࠼⮬㌟ࡢࡇ䣎 ᗘᏳᜥࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡼ࠺䣎ࢃࡀᖺ㱋ࡣࢃࡓࡋ䣍ᩍ࠼ࡿࡼࡾᏛ ࢫࢺࡢᰤගࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ┠ㄽぢࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࢃࡀᚰࡀࡘ࡚࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ⦾ᰤ࢚ࢫ࣭࢟ࣜ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ∗ࡢ࢝䤀ࣝୡࡉ࠼࡛ࡁ࡞䣬ࡓࡇࡔ䣎⪷ࣘࢫࢸಟ㐨㝔 ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ⱝ㐀ᑐࡍࡿࡢྠᵝ䣍☜ࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍௦ࢆࡶᡭ࡞ࡎ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࠾࡛ࡁ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡶ䣎ࡋࡶ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮࡀ࠶ࡢ ࡸࡘࡣᢲࡉ࠼ࡘࡅ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡼ䣍ຓࡅ⤥࠼䣎 ࡢ⬚ࡢ୰᥈ࡋฟࡍ࠸࠺ទࡋࡳࡔ䣎௦ࢆᡭ࡞ࡎࡅࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍 ࠺䣎ࡃࡶࡶࡘࢀࡓୡࡢ୰ࡀࡸࡘᤵࡅࡓኳ㑧㨣ࡢⱆࢆ䣍ᝏព‶ࡕࡓ⪅ ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣍ࡣࡦ࠸ទࡋࡳࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࢇ䣎ࡸࡘ᱁㜚ࡍࡿ࠸ ぢ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡒࡢീࢆᘓ࡚䣍⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛స䣬ࡓഅീࢆᓫࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ 䣎ࡑࢀ 17 ࡼ࠸䣍ࡸࡘࢆࡃࡶṍࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡀఱ࡞ࡢࡶぢᴟࡵࡿࡢࡔࡒ䣎 18 Ẹࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⚄ࢆ♭䣬ࡓ♫ࡽࢲࣥ ࡢᒣୖ⛣ఫࡋ䣍ࡢᆅ࡛Ꮚ∵࡞ ࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡘࡣࡸࡣࡾ௦ࡢᘵᏊ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍௦࠸࠺ᖌࡢᩍ࠼ࡓࡇࢆᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚ ࢃࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࡞䣍࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࡀࢇ࡞Ⲩࢀ≬䣬࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶ䣍ࡸ ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࡽ᪂௦ࡢᜍࢁࡋ࠸㢦ࢆぢࡏࡘࡅࡿࡒ䣎 䢣 ࡼ࠺䣍⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀ㝎ୗࡢୖ㝆ࡾ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎௦ࡣ་⪅ࢆᚲ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࠾࠾䣍㝎ୗࡢẼ㧗࠸ᚚ㌟ᡯ⬟ᑐࡍࡿఱ࠸࠺ 19 䣍㔝༝࡞᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࡀᗄⓒࡶࡢ⾨රࢆ✺ࡁ◚䣬࡚ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᢲࡋධ 䢣 ࠸㝎ୗࢆ⼃ࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࢆ⫰᳔Ꮚ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ⭜ࢆୗࢁࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ᛣࡾ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣຊࡎࡃ࡛Ẽ㧗 282 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 Ẋ䣍࠺ࢇࡢ୍䣍ࡇࡢỿ㯲࡛ᚓࠎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩛព ࠶ࡿࡢᬯ࠸ࡈẼศࢆ࠾ᤞ࡚࡞䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍 ࡇࡢุỴࡀᩥ᭩࡞ࡾ䣍⨫ྡࡉࢀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁᇛ㏦ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢ ࠸⪅༴㝤࡞ᩛ࡞ࡢࡔ࡞䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡉࡼ࠺࡞㍮ࡣ䣍ࡘ࡚ே㛫ࡢᜥᏊ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺࡢ๓❧䣬ࡓᝏ㨱ࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡊࡅࡾ䣍ᢠࡍࡿࡢࡔ 䣎ࡑࢇ࡞➗ ࠸᪉ࡣࡸࡵ࠸㸟 䢣 Ṋჾࢆฟࡏ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࢆᘬ䣬❧࡚࠸䢣 䣎 ఱࢆࡓࡵࡽ࠺䣎 䢣 䥹ୖᡭࡢ➃❧ ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞ࡽࡤࢃࡓࡋࡀ⮬ࡽࡇࡢᡭ࡛ 㝎ୗ䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎࠸ࡀ ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ఱࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡢኌࡣ࡞ࡓࡢ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࡇࡢ㤋ᖾከࢀ䣎 䢣 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍ᡬࡢࡇࢁ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 ࠾ࡽࢇࡢ䣎 ᖇ࡞ࡿࡒ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡢࡀ∳ᇛ࡛ᩛࡽࢀࡓ䣎Ᏺࡾຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⪅ࡣ 䥹▩ᵕ ࡢ࠺ᡭࢆఙࡤࡑ࠺ࡋ᮫࡚ࢆᨺࡍࡢ࡛䣍ࡽࡔࡀࡼࢁࡅ࡚ಽࢀࡑ࠺ ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ୍⥴ࡔ䣎 ㏫⪅ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀ䣍Ẋ䣍 䢣 ࡑࡢ⪅ࡣṚࡠࡢࡔ䢣 䣎 ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡲࡔ࡞࠾᧦ㆤࡋࡼ࠺ 䢣 ࡄࢀ࠾䣬࡚䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡸࡾࡓࡣඛ้ᢎ ࡞ࡿ䣎࿘ᅖࡢ⪅䣍ᛴ࠸࡛㏆࡙ࡁ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࡽࡔࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡽࡔ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ಙ௮㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡣ⚄ࡢࡳࡀࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺䣍⚄࠾ࡲ࠼ࡔ䣎ࡑࡢ୧᪉ࡔࢁ࠺㸽 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢᖌ ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡣṚ ࡀಙࡌࡓࡶࡢࢆಙࡌ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡼࡾ㈼࠸⪅䣍ၿⰋ࡞⪅Ỵ᩿ࢆ௵ࡏࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎 䢣 ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ㐠ࡀᕠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡸࡶࡋࢀࢇ䣎 ࡠࡢࡔ䣎⚄ឤㅰࡏࡼ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍㏻ࡌ䣍༝࡞ẅேࢆ⛠㈶ࡋᢎㄆࡋ䣍 ࡿࡶࡢ࡞࠶ࡿࡶࡢ䣎ᝏ㨱ࡀ༓༉ᐤࡾ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚ࡓࡓ➗࠸ࡅࡼ࠺䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 䥹ᙼࢆᐋࡵࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣝࣥࣉྥ䣬࡚䥺࠾ࢀࡀ៸ ࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡢ୍௳࡛ἲ⾜Ⅽࢆാ࠸ࡓẅேᖝຓ⪅ࡓࡕࢆ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ 䢣 ࡦࡋ࡞ࡳลࢆࡶ䣬࡚ồࡵ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࡇࡢឡࡢྡṧࡾឤㅰࡏࡼ䣎 ᮶ࡓᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡏ࡚ࡸࡿࡒ䣎ኻࡏࢁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶࡔ䣎 ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ⱝ㐀䣍ᾘ࠼ࢁ䣎ࡉࡶ࡞࠸䣍ᝏ㨱ࢆࡧฟࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᮏᙜᝏ㨱ࡀ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ྥ䣬࡚䣍ᡭࢆ㍍ࡃࡅ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀẼ㐪࠸ࡵ࠸࡚㏣࠸ᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿፉࡣᨺ䣬࡚ࡸࢀ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡈࡃ㏆ぶࡢዪࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ 䥹ⓚᖇṌࡳᐤ䣬࡚䥺ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ䣎 ࡞ ࡽ ࡤ ࠾ ࡲ ࠼ ࡣ ⮬ ศ ࡢẕ ぶࢆ ▱ 䣬 ࣉᑟࢀ࡚䣍 ᙼࡽࡢ୰ኸ⾜ࡃ䣎ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 䥹ࡑࡢሙᒃྜࢃࡏࡓ⪅䣍ᚋᬒୗࡀ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࣝࣥ ࡑ࠺ࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣḭࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎 䣬࡚࠸ࡿㆤ⾨ྥ䣬࡚䥺࠾࠸䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣍▩ᵕࢆ㈚ࡏ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ ▱ࡔࡒ䣎ኪ࡞ኪ࡞䣍ࡣࡄࢀ⪅㦁ࡂࡍࡿ୍᪉䣍ᐇ┤࡛࠾࡞ࡋ࠸ẸࡢᏊ ᡭࢆࡅࡿࡢ䣎ེ㏫⪅ࡶ䣎࣭ࣚࢯ࣭࢚࣭࢚ࣝࣥ࣌ࣛࢻࣝ䣎వࡣⓚ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ᘵゝ࠸ࡀࡾࢆࡘࡅࡿࡣ䣍㏫⪅ࣝࢱ䤀ὴࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡔ䣎 ࡀṚࡠࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 15 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺㸽 ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍Ọ㐲ࡢᫍࠎࡀᅇࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ㝈ࡾ䣍⏨ ࡀዪࢆḭࡃࡢࡔ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠾ ࡲ࠼ ࡢ㏆ ぶ ࡢ ዪࡔ 㸽 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ㄡࡔ䣎ఱࡸࡘ䣎ᅗࠎࡋ࠸䣎 ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡉࡽࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆᤵࡅࡓ⏨ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ ࢺ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ ࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ࡞ࡾࡈ⏝ࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ 㝎ୗࡢ⏚ࡋ࡚ୗࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥ ࡑ࠺࡞䣬ࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡣᫍࢆぢ࡚ㄞࢇࡔࡶࡢࡔ䣍⮬ศ㏆ ࡿゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ゝ࠼䣎ࡍࢀࡤ䣍Ọ㐲∼⊹ࡔࡒ䣎⚄ࡢ࠼⤥࠺᪥ࡢගࢆ 䢣 ぢࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹᥋ゐࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㌟ࢆᘬࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺࢚ࢫ࣭ࣅ࢚ࣥ䣎࢚ࢫ࣭ࣅ࢚ࣥ䣎 16 ࣝ䤀ࢻ ࣝࣇ 283 䥹ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡼࡾໃ࠸ࡼࡃ䥺ࣇ䣵ࣞࣥࢶ䣷ࡢၟ 14 ࢀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣぢẅࡋ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢆ䣍ᩆࢃࡎࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚ ࠾ࡅࡲࡍࡼ࠺࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣍ዴఱ࡞ࡿᡭẁࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺ࡶ䣎 䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ᑜࡡࡿࡼ࠺ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ䥺 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍᥈ࡋ≀ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍ᮘࡢୖࡢ᭩㢮ࢆ୍ᯛ୍ᯛྲྀ䣬࡚ࡣ䣍ࡤࡽࡤ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࠾࠺䣎 ྲྀ䣬࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ୖᡭࡢᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚㏥ሙ䥺 ࢀᘬࡁẚࢀࡤ䣍ᙼࡀẅࡋࡓᩛ࡞ዪࡸᆓࡢ㏣ᚑ⪅ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣎ഇ ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨ຬᩒ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⪅ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 㝎ୗ䣍ຬᩒ࡞⏨ᜠ㉧ࢆୗࡉࡿࡇ࠶ࡽࡌࡵឤㅰ࠸ ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ 䢣 ุỴᩥ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡈ⨫ྡ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡓࡵᐁᡣ⨨࠸࡚ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 㸽 ၿ⪅࡛࡞ࡽࡎ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡀᛣࡾࡢ⅖ࡢ࠶ࡲࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢆᛀࢀࡓ ࡾࡀ䣍㝎ୗࡶࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛༑ࡢᡓࡢࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡇ࠺࠾⪃࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸䣎䣍႖ვ┦ᡭࢆ࠺ࡕẅࡋࡓࡢྠࡌᛣ 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍᮶ࡿ䥺 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᑒ༳ࡉࢀࡓໟࡳࢆᣢ䣬࡚ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎 Ⰻ࠸࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ヨࡳࡽࢀࡲࡏ䣍㤳ᑿࡼࡃ⾜ࢀࡲࡍ 䢣 ࡋࡇࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢫ࣌ࣥࡽࡢ㐵࠸ࡢ⪅ࣂ ࡽᨺࡿ䥺 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡓࢃࡅࡀ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍㤳ࢆᶓࡿ䥺 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⯆ࡆ᮫࡛ᗋࢆᡴࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺 ࡶࡋࡸ䣍࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼሗ࿌ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ 䢣 ࣝࢱࢧ࣭ࣝࢫࢽ࢞ࡀᣏㅜࢆ㢪࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 䢣 ࣝࣥࣉ ࡓࡔ䣍㔠㢠ࡀࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡑ࠺࡛䣎 ࡋ࡚䣍ࡲࡓ༙ࡤទᛌ࡞ฟ᮶ࡢࡓࡵ䣍బࢆࡾẅࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࡇࢀࡣ࣐࣭࣊ࣝࣥࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡢ୍௳࡛ࡋ࡚䣍ᙼࡣ༙ࡤ⒯Ⓝࢆ㉳ࡇ ࡿ⪅ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ேࡀཧෆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎᙮้ࢆࡋࡓ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㧗౯࡞▼ࢆၟ䣬࡚࠸ ࡀࡸࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ 䢣 ࣃ䤀ࣃࡣᩛໟᅖࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ 䣎ࡢᆅࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᖹศᏊ ࣝࣥࣉ ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡽሗࡏࡀᒆ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣛ䤀ࣉࡣゎᨺࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 284 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 㝎ୗࡢᚚᡭཱྀ࡙ࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࢆᕪࡋฟࡍࡀ䣍ⓚᖇ䣍ࡇࢀࢆ᧕ࡡࡘࡅࡿ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ุỴᩥࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᙼࢆᛣࡾࡢ║ᕪࡋ࡛ぢࡘࡵࡿ䥺 ࡇࢀࡣࡋࡓࡾ 㝎ୗࡣࡈᶵ᎘ࡼࢁࡋࡽࡠࡼ࠺࠾ぢཷࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣヰࡉ ࡼ䣬࡚ࡈỴ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᢎ▱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡶ䣎⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ᩥ᭩సᡂࡣࣉࣛࣁᪧᕷ⾤ࡢホ㆟ཧᑂ ࡢᗮ࡛࣐࣭࣊ࣝࣥࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡣ㤳ฮࢆゝ࠸Ώࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᙼࡣ㝎ୗࡢ ဨᐄ࡚ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎࡛ࡍࡀᐹࡋࡲࡍࡿࡇࢁ䣍ุỴᐇ㝿 㝎ୗࡣ䣍⏽ࡃࡶࡼ࠺㔜࡞ᩥ᭩ࡣ䣍⮬ࡽࡢࡈពᛮ ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡣேࡦࡾࡢ䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ໟࡳࢆྲྀࡾ䣍࠶ࡊ➗࠺ࡼ࠺ୖ᭩ࡁࢆㄞࡳ䣍㏉ࡍ䥺 䢣 ࡍ䣎㌷ἲ㆟ࡀ㛤ࢀ䣍⮬ᕫ㜵⾨࡛ࡸࡴࢆ࠼ࡎ⾜䣬ࡓẅே࡛࠶ࡿࡢ䣍ࡑ ᛅᐇࡇࡢୖ࡞࠸⮧ୗ࡛䣍ࢺࣝࢥࡢ⃭㜚ࡢⱥ㞝࡛ࡋࡓ䣎࡛ࡍࡽ࠾㢪࠸࡛ ࡈ⨫ྡ࡞ࡉࢀࡤ 䢣 ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡤࡤࡋࡃ䣍Ẽ㐪࠸ࡌࡳ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍⚄ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡢุỴࢆ࡞ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⯆ࡆ᮫࡛ᗋࢆᡴࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺 ࡞ࡳ ࡁࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡣࡃࡶ㈗㔜࡞ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚࠾ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡿ䥺 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᯛ┠ࡢ⤮ࡢ๓❧䣬࡚䣍ᢎㄆࡢྜᅗࢆ㏦ࡿ䣎ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚ࡽ 䢣 ὶㅷࡢᆅࣜࣥࢶ ࢆ࠶ࡋ࡚ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᮏࡽ┠ࢆୖࡆ࡚䥺ࢯࣝࢸ䣵ࣁ࣭ࢹ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣝࣅࢻ 䢣 ࡩࡴࡩ ࡴ䣎䣕ᛀ༷ࡢᣦ㍯䣖䣎 䢣 ࠺ࡴ䣍ㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ㸟 䢣 䥹ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺ྩࡋ࡚ⓚᖇࡓࡿ㝎ୗ䣍 ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡇࡢ⤮ࢆ㈙࠺䣍┠㢦࡛ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࢀྠྑᡭࡢᣦࢆ୕ ᮏୖࡆࡿ䥺 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡣேࡶ⩎ࡴࡍ࡚ࡢᶒ䣍ࢃࡀᡤ᭷≀ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿᡤᏑ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ ࣝࣥࣉ ༓࡛ࡍ࡞㸽 ࡲࡍ䣎ᚰᏳࡽṚࡡࡿሙᡤࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ 䥹ᮏࡀᩘࡢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᮘྥ࠸䣍ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࢆྲྀࡿ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ࢫ࣌ࣥࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䢣 ࣝࣥࣉ䣎ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎 ࡍ䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡢ᳔Ꮚࡢ⬥ᜥ∦ᡭࢆ⨨ࡃ䥺 䢣 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ఱ⪅ࡔ䣎 ࡔ䣍ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ Ẋ㸟 ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ㸟 ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡦࡾ ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹᮫ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆ䣍ࣝࣥࣉྥࡅ࡚䥺ࡦࡾࡋࢁ䣎 ࣐ ࢻ ࣜ 䤀 ࢻ ࡢ ᐑ ᘐ ὴ 㐵 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㝎 ୗ ࡢ ⪅ ࡽ ⮳ ᛴ ౽ ࡶ ᮶࡚ ᑐࡍࡿ⥅ᢎᶒࡶ䣍࠸ࡘࡢ᪥⋢ᗙࢆᚋ⥅ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᕼᮃࡶ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹⃭ࡋࡃ䥺୕༓ࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ 13 䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ᮘࡢୖ࠶ࡿᡭ⣬㢮ࢆࡴࡼ࠺ᢲࡋࡢࡅࡿ䣎⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ ࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹႐ࢇ࡛䥺࣭ࣟ࣌ࢹ࣭࣋䤀࢞ ࡔ䣎 12 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀ࠾╔ࡁ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡚ᡭྲྀ䣬ࡓᮏࢆ㛤࠸࡚ㄞࡴ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺ࡉ䣬䣍࠾ୗࡀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࡲࡍࡲࡍ⃭᪸ࡋ࡚䥺ࡦࡾࡋࢁ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࢀࢆẊୗࡀ↓⌮ࢆ㏻ࡑ࠺࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣎 䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍୍▐⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚䣍ᮏࡽ┠ࢆ㞳ࡍࡀ䣍ࡲࡓㄞࡳ⥆ࡅࡿ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡉࡉ䣍ࡇࡕࡽ䣎ࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡀỈࡢἻ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢࡶ࠾࠸࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ⚄ࡼ䣎 䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ඛྠᵝࡢⲡ䥺 ࡲࡓ࠾࠸࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ㄡゝ࠺ࡶ࡞ࡃ䥺ࡦࡾ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺ࡉ࠶ຬẼࢆฟࡋࡲࡏ䣎㟈࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡇ䣍 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ㐃ࢀࡽࢀ࡚㏥ሙ䥺 ࡽࢀࡼ࠺䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ⴿ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶᚰࡢᏳࡽࡂࡀ࠼ ࠾㞃ࡋ࡞䣬࡚ࡶศࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ㄞࡳ࡞ࡀࡽኌ࡛➗࠸ฟࡍ䥺 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹࠺ࡘࢁ࡞ኌ࡛䥺ࡦࡾ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ₻ࡣࡼࡋ䣎㝎ୗࡣࡈᶵ᎘ࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡊ䣎 ࣇ䣷ࢽ䣹ࢡࢫ࣭ࢹ࣭࢚ࢫࣃ䤀ࢽ䣺 ࣝࣥࣉ ⚄ࡼ䣍ࡇࢀࡽ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎䥹ⓚᖇࡀᢞࡆᤞ࡚ࡓᮏࢆᣠ࠸ୖ ࢹ 䣵 ࣅ 䤀 ࣀ ࣭ ࢘ ࢺ 䤀 ࣝ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ⚄ࡢࡈࡁリேࡔ䣎ࢫ࣌ࣥࡢṚ㫽ࡔ䣎 䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍࠸ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ⲡ䥺 ࡆ䣍ⓚᖇΏࡍ䥺ࡈᮏࢆ䣎 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣍ᙼ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ྩࡋ࡚ⓚᖇࡓࡿ㝎ୗ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍ᇝࢆ㢳ࡳࡎ䣍ࢃࡀ 285 ࡢࡣዪࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ䣔䣎ࡍࡿ㝎ୗࡣ࠾➗࠸࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡼࡃศࡿ䣎ࡑࡢሙᒃྜࢃࡏࡓࡽ䣍࠾ࢀࡔ䣬࡚➗䣬ࡓ 䢣 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ៃ࡚࡞ࡉࡽࡎ䣎ᶒຊࡣࡲࡔᡭධࡾࡲࡏࢇࡒ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ࡑࢀࡽ䣍ᶒຊࢆᤸᥱ 䢣 ᮶࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ࡞ࢁ࠺࡞ࡉࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣎 ࠺࡛࠸࠸ࡢ 䢣 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ㢪࠸ฟࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡽ䣍 ࡑࢀ࡛࠺࡞ࢇࡔ䣍ࢃࡏ࡚ ࣝࣥࣉ ↓ㄽ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍୍ࡢࡈ㎞ᢪࢆ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࠾ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡛ࡣ䣍≀ஒ࠸ࢆࡏࡼ㸽 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣⓚᖇࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࡇࡽୗࡀࡽࢇࡒ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠺ࡈ㓄៖ࢆ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࡉࢀࡤ䣍⚄ࡢᛮ࠸ࡢࡲࡲ䣎࠶ࡕࡽ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡃࡔࡉࡾࡲࡏ䣎࣑ࢧ ⾜ࢀࡿࡁ䣍࠾㏻ࡾ࡞ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎㢪ࢃࡃࡣ䣍㝎ୗࡀẊୗࢆ࠾ㄆࡵ ࡞䣬࡚䣍ヰࡋࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎࠾ฟ࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡿ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡀࡇࡢ▐㛫䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 㟷ࡃ࡞䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛ࡔ䣎ࡉ࠶ࡉ࠶䣍ຬẼࢆฟࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ఙࡿ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ఱࡢࡓࡵࡔ䣎 䥹ࡍ࡚ࡢ⪅ࡀᜤࡋࡃᅛၚࢆ࿐ࢇ࡛❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබ䣍ୗᡭ 䥹ࡦࡾࡢౝᚑ䣍ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ౝᚑ ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀ࠾ᡂࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ᣏㅜࢆ㢪 ࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠸ࡸࡣࡸ䣍ẊୗࢆḼ㏄࠸ࡓࡍ⏦ࡏ䣎 䥹ౝᚑ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠾ศࡾ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ᮍ᮶ࡢⓚᖇ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᎠᏊࡢࡈධ ࡁᦆࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ಶᡤࢆ♧ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡀ㤳ࢆᶓࡿ䣍⤮ࡣᣢࡕཤࡽࢀ ࡢ๓࡛❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍ࡌ䣬═ࡵ䣍᮫࡛⤮ࢆᣦࡋ䣍⮬ศࡢᕥ⭎࡛ࡑࡢ⤮ࡀᥥ 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢ⏨䣍⤮⏬ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ⓚᖇࡢ㏻ࡾ㐨ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䣎ⓚᖇ䣍୍ᯛࡢ⤮ ࡽᩘேࡢᑠጣ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋⓚᖇࡀⓏሙ䣎᮫࡛㌟ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢㆤ⾨ࡀୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽ⌧ࢀ䣍ࡑࡢᡬࡢ୧⬥㌟ᵓ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ ࡢ⬥ᡬࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࡲ࡛ୗࡀࡿ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᙼࡢࡑࡤ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠸ࡎࢀ࠾⪺ࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍せồ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ࡛ࡣ୍ᗘ䣎ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ ࡣᙼࢆ࠸ࡓࡃឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎࠾ศࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎 䢣 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡉࡼ࠺䣍࠶ࡢ⏨࡛ࡍ䣎 ᡤᮃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ࡇ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ䣎Ẋୗࡣࡇࡢ࠺࠼ఱࡶࡶࡪࡕቯࡋ࡞ࡉ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ࡦࡾࡢౝᚑ䣍ୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆ㛤ࡃ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡀ࠾ฟ࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡀ㝎ୗ࠾チࡋࢆㄳ࠺ࡲ࡛䣍 ࠺⬥࠾ୗࡀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣍⏽ࡲ䣬࡚࠾㢗ࡳ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࡣㄡࡔ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡃ࠸ࡒ䣎 ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡈᏑࡌ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࡢᐑ୰࡛ぢࡘ䣬ࡓᤞ࡚Ꮚ࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇ 䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡒ䣎䥹㏥ሙ䥺 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾ᮃࡳ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ⱝࡉࡲࡢࡶࡢ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺䣍ⓚᖇࡀྫྷࡉࢀ䣍㉎ධࡉ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ศ䣬ࡓ䣍ศ䣬ࡓ䣎ᗞ࡛ᘬࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㤿ࡣㄡࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ⪥ᡴࡕࡍࡿ䥺 ࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࡣ 䢣 ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ䣎 ࢁ࠺ࡼ䣎୕༑௦ࡔ㸽 ࠶ࡢ⭡⬮࡛㸽 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 286 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔ䣎ⓚᖇ⮧ᚑࡋ࡚䣍ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀 ࡽ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾࠾䣍ࡶ䣬ࡓ࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡋࡋ↓⌮࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎㝎ୗࡣࡈẼศࡀඃ Ẋୗࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺୧ᴟ➃㉮ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡲ䣬ࡓࡃ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎㢌③ᝎࡲࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡽ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡢࡈ౫㢗 ࣥࡉࡲࡢ࠾Ꮚࡓࡕࡢ㈼ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ㸟䥹࿘ᅖࢆぢࡲࢃࡋ࡚ࡽ䣍ᑠኌ࡛䥺 ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢ⫋ࢆ㉃ࡍࡿࡇ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢿࢦࢶ䣵 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠾࠾䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡓࡔࡢୗ䣎 ࢡࢱ ࡢ⏫⤫ᶒࢆᤵࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡼ࠺㢪࠸ฟࡿࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎ࡢᆅఫࡳ䣍ࡑ 䢣 ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜᅵᑐࡋ࡚ᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡋࡢ┦⥆ᶒࡶ⋤⥅ ࡢ⏨ࢆࡏ䣬ࡘ࠸࡚䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣝࣥࣉࡢ䣍⣙᮰ࡢᥱᡭࢆ䣎 Ẋୗࡢ㉃ࡅࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡒ䣎ษࡾᮐࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎ࡶ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡈㄯ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍ࣝࣥࣉࡢ䣎ࡇࡢᐑ୰࡛㈗Ẋࡢᶒຊࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ ࠸⪅࡞࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ഃ㏆࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿ䣍࠾ᛣࡾࡶཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ࡚䣎ࡘ࠸ኪࡶ࠸ࡓࡃ ࡑ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡔࡅࡢࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀẊࡣࡌࡘཝࡋ࠸࠾ࡓ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡢୖࢃࡎ࡞㔜ࡳࡀቑࡋ࡚䣍Ẋୗࡢࡕ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙ ࠾ᛣࡾ࡞䣬࡚䣍వࡣࣇ䣷ࣜ࣌୕ୡ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡒ䣍ྲྀࡾᕳࡁࡶᣦᅗࡉ ࣝࣥࣉ ࡢᖾ㐠ࡣ䣍ᩍࡢᖾ㐠ࡣ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀⓙࡢᖾ㐠ࡣẊୗḟ➨࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡍ䣎ኳ⛗ࡤࡾࡢࡣ㔮ࡾྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ᑡࡋ㛫ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍Ẋୗࡢ─ ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆᡤᮃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎⤫ᖊᶒ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀ࡀఱ ࡃᚸࡢ୍Ꮠ䣎ㅉࡵࡿࡔࡢ䣍ᖾࡏ࡞⨺㣫࠸ࡔࡢࡤࡾࡣࡈ຺ᘚ㢪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ึࡵࡣ㧗ᮃࡳࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ䣍࠸ࡲࡣ࠼ࡽࡃ↓ḧ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡞䣎 ࡢ୰ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ᢎᶒࡶࡳ࡞ㅉࡵࡿ䣎⋤⥅ᢎࡢ᪥ࡢ᮶ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢࡁࢃࡓࡋࡣ ᩥ᭩ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ࢆࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣎 ୗࡣࡈẼศࡀඃࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 Ɇ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢇࡢᩘศࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ⪥ᡴࡕࡋ࡚䥺ࡉࡉ䣍࠶ 10 ࢀࡣࡏࢇࡒ䣍ྉࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣៃ࡚࡚ࢻࡽ㏥ᩓࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔࡼ䣎 䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎↓⌮࡞┦ㄯ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣍࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣍ࡔ ࣝࣥࣉࡢࡀ࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ࡈ⮬㌟࡛⏝௳ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎䥹࠺ࡋࢁୗ ࡀࡿ䥺 䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ୖᡭࡢ␒┠ࡢ⬥ᡬࡽⓏሙ䣎⭆᭩㢮ࢆᢪ࠼䣍⊧ 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ᡬࡽⲨࠎࡋࡃධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ⓚᖇࡣࡇ࠸ࡿ䣎࠾࠸䣍ࡘࡽᒇ䣍࠼ࡿ䣎 ⫼࡛Ṍࡃ䣎ࡉࡁࡢౝᚑࢆᚑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀᤵࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ ࡇࢀࡣ䣍ࢭࢽ䣼䤀࣭ࣝࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋ䣮࠺䣎⚄ 䥹ౝᚑ䣍ᡭ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡍࡀ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡇࢀ㡻╔ࡏࡎ୰ᡬ ྥ࠺䣎Ṥࡑࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ⾜ࡃᡭࢆ㐽ࡿ䥺 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ⓚᖇࡢᶵ᎘ࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎 㛶ୗ䣍බࡢࡣⓚᖇ㝎ୗᣏㅜࡲࡾ࠼ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠺ࡸࡽࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ࡞䣎Ẋୗᮇᚅࡍࡿࡢࡣㅉࡵࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 11 ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎୕༑௦ࡢࡼ࠺࡛䣎ࡁ䣯࠺䣍ࡇ࠺⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓ䣎䣓㝎ୗࡣࡵ䣬 ࣝࣥࣉ ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ࡞䣎 ࡓ⮧Ẹࡢ๓࠾ጼࢆ࠾ぢࡏ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࡑࡢࡇࢆ୍␒Ⴣ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ ࣝࣥࣉ ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࠾ࡋ࡞ࡇ䣎Ẋࡣ᪥᪥ⱝ㏉䣬࡚࠾ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䥹๓ᬒ࠸ࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦᕪࡋ࡚䥺බࡢࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ࠶ࡕ 287 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 䢣 ᚅ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣎 䢣 ࡇࡇ࠸ࡿࢇࡔ䣎 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ䣍㉧ࡏ䣎ᛣࡾくࢃ ࡑ࠺ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡦࡘヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋ䣯࠺ 䣎䥹ୖᡭ䣍⬥ᡬ㏥ሙ䥺 ౝᚑ 㸟 䢣 Ẋୗ䣍ࡲࡔⓚᖇࡲ࡛࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᣏㅜ ࡣࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉᯡᐦౝᚑ㛗ࡢ㢪࠸ฟࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⓚᖇ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ⓚᖇ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡇࢇ࡞㠃ಽ࡞ࡢ䣎 ࠸ࡸ䣎 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䣍ፉࡶ㏥ሙ䥺 䢣 ࠶ࡢዪࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣࠺ࡒ䣎 ࢀ࡚䣍┠ࡀ╆ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ୍௳ࡀࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࢆ㣗ࢃ࡞ ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎ⓚᖇࡢࡇࢁ⾜ࡁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ㔘ᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺㝞 䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ∗ ࡢᡭᘬࢀ࡚䣍ࡶᝆ↛Ṍࡁᅇ䣬ࡓࡢࡶࡇࡇ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࠶࠶䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎ࡑࢀࡶࡇࡢྠࡌᇛ䣍ྠࡌ㒊ᒇ࡛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣍ࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ 䢣 䢣 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺䣍Ẋୗࡢ࠺ࡀឡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ၥ㢟ࡣࡲࡉࡑࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡼࡾࡶឡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ዲពࡶགྷࡈࡶ䣍ࡳ࡞ᚚ๓ᢞࡆࡘࡅ࡚䣍ㄡࡢ⪅ࢆ㝎ୗࡢ࠾䣬 ∗ࡂࡳࡀⓚᖇࡢ࠺ࢆࡼࡾឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡽ䣍㉃ࡅ࡚ࡶࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡀ䣍ୖ ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾ䣍ࡇࡢ࠾ࢀࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⾜䣬࡚ࢺࣝࢥࡢ㌷㝲ධ䣬࡚ ࡶẊୗࢆࡶ䣬ᬮࡃឡࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࡞䣎 ᣄྰࡋࡓࡽ䣍㝎ୗࡀẼ⣮ࢀ࠾ࢀᜨࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡓ ࡍࡿࡽ࡞䣎㝎ୗࡀࡇࢀࢆᣄྰࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ 䢣 ࡸࡿ䣎ࡉࡽࡤࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍ࡼࡃぬ࠼࡚࠾ࡅ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ሗࡏࡀ᮶ ࠸ࡇࡣಖドࡍࡿࡀ 7 ࡚䣍ⓚᖇ⮬㌟ࡢ௧ࡀୗࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ᣦ୍ᮏ࡛ࡶゐࢀ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ☜ᡭཝࡋ࠸䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍Ẋୗࡘ࠸ఱࡦࡘᜠᜨࢆ࠼࡞ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡇࢁࡀྡዣ㏣ᨺࡔ䣎 ࡕ䣯䣬࡛ࡶࡋࡆ࡞ࡑࡪࡾࢆぢࡏࡓࡽ䣍㤳ࢆࡶࡽ࠺ࡒ䣎䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡢᥐ⨨ࡣ䣍⏤ࠎࡋ࠸ែࢆᣍ࠸ࡓゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎Ẋୗ ࡢᐙࡢ๓ࢆ㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ᆅ⊹ࡢᕢ❍ࡵ䣍ለࡕࢁ䣎䥹㏥ሙ䥺 ࡣ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࢆⓎࡕ䣍ࡣࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ㉱ࡁ䣍ེ㌷ࡢඛ㢌❧ࡕ䣍࣐ࢻࣜ 䤀ࢻ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࢆ┠ࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓ 䣎ࡋࡋ᭱ᝏ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠸ 䥹ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ䣍ᑐ᪉ྥ㐃⾜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ሙ㠃㌿ ࣉࣛࣁ࠶ࡿ⋤ᐑࡢᗈ㛫䣎୰ᡬࡽᘐ⮧ࡓࡕⓏሙ䣎ᚋᬒ࡚ࡃࡘࢁࡄ䣎 ࡼᖐ㒓ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍Ẋୗࡣఱࡽࡢᡂᯝࡶ࡞䣬ࡓࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 Ⲩࢀ≬࠺㦁ศࡅධ䣬࡚䣍 ࡢࡔࡽ䣍⮬ศࡢࡣㄡࡶᜠ⩏ࢆឤࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࢃࡅࡔ䣎 ⎰♟ࡢᒣࢆྑᕥὋࡂࡘࡘ䣍⎰♟࡛⋢ᗙࢆᣛ࠼ࡿ䣎⮬ࡽ⋢ᗙࡢ㐀࡞ ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠶ࡢసᡓࡣ⚄ᢏࡔ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺㸽 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㦄ࡉࢀࡓࡼ䣎࢜ࣛࢽ࢚ ࡀேࡢࢆ᥆ࡵྲྀ䣬ࡓࡢ ౝᚑࡀࡦࡾ୰ኸཱྀࡽ᮶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබ䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠾㢗ࡳ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࡃࡶ䣬࡚䣍࠶ࡾ࠼ࡠࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 9 ࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ᡭධࡿࡶࡢࢆ࠾ᦨࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ࡇࡽ᮶ࡓࡶࡢ࡞䣍 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠺ࡸࡽ㐠ࡀᕠ䣬࡚ࡁࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎㢼ࡣࡑࡕࡽࡢ࠺ࡽ྿࠸࡚ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢇࡢ୍ゝ࠾⪥ࢆ䣎 ࠺࡛ࡶࡼ࠸ࡇ䣎㈙䣍⥅ᢎ䣍⤖ᵓ ࡓࡔࡋ䣍᥆ዣࡔࡅࡣࡲࡎ࠸䣎ࡶ ౝᚑ ⓚᖇࡣ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䣬ࡶ䣍ᨻࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ᥆ዣࡶ⋓ᚓゝ䣬࡚䣍ᾴࡋ࠸㢦࡛ࡍࡀࡡ䣎 䢣 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ⓚᖇࡢᘵࡂࡳࡈ⮬㌟࡛ࡍࡒ䣎 ౝᚑ 8 288 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࠸ࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࠺䣍⮑⪅࡞ࡽࡑ࠺࠸࠺㜵⾨⟇ࢆྲྀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡞䣎ย ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡲࡎㆤ⾨ࢆㄳ࠺⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸽 ࡞ࡽࡤゝ࠾࠺䣎࣋ࣝ ࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡀࡑࡢ⏨ࡢᡭಽࢀࡓࡢࡣ䣍࠾ࢀࡢ௧ࡼࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ᪉ࡢ࠺ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡞ࢀࡤ⚄ࡉ࠼ࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡣࡃࢀࡲ ࡏࢇ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍࠾ᘬࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡣᡓ࠺ࡼࡾ♳ࡿ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࣇࣛࣥࢳ䣷ࢫࢥಟ㐨㝔ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡣࡎࡔࡀ㸽 ࡇࡢ┠࡛䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡇࢇ࡞࠶ࡾࡉࡲࢆぢ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇࡢ䣍ࡇࡢ࠾ࢀࡀ䣍 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ ⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠸ࡘዴఱ࡞ࡿࡶ䣍 ࣒ඖᖊࡣࡑࡢᅾ௵୰䣍ࡢ⪅ࡶ㢖⦾௧ࢆୗࡋࡲࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍㌷ྖ ⪃࠼ࡲ࡛ㄞࢇ࡛䣍႐ࢇ࡛᭹ᚑࡋ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࡇࡢࣝࢫࣦ䣸ࣝ 䣬ࡓࡢࡣࡇࡢ⏨ࡔ䣍࠾ࢀࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠾ࢀࡣᎰࡋ ࢆᴦࡋࡶ࠺䣬࡚ࢇࡔ࡞䣎ぢࢁ䣍ࡇ࠸ࡘࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ⏨ࢆẅࡋࡓࢇࡔ䣎 ࠾࠾䣍ഇၿ⪅ࡢ࠾ฟࡲࡋ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡏ࠸࡛䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡓࡵ㉳ࡇ䣬ࡓ⚝ 䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍∗ぶࡶୖᡭ๓ᬒࡢᐙࡽⓏሙ䥺 ௧ᐁࡢࡼࡾࡢㄡࡽࡶ௧ࢆཷࡅࡓࡇࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ㄗ䣬ࡓ ࠸䣎 ᡯẼ↵Ⓨࡋ࡚ຬᩒ࡞ྩ࡛࠶ࡿ㛶ୗࢆ࠾ះ࠸ࡋ䣍㧗㈗࡞ฟ⮬ࡢ㛶ୗࡢ࠾ ሗࡸ୰യࡵ࠸ࡓࡓࢀࡇࡳࡼ䣬࡚㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ᩿⨥ 䣍ࡾ 䣍ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ ࡇፉࡓࡕࢆẼ㐵䣬࡚⭡ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡅ ࠶ࡢኪࡢ╬ゝࡸࡽࢭࣞࢼ䤀ࢹࡸࡽங⧞ࡾྜ࠸ࡸࡽ䣍㞄㏆ᡤࡣ࠾ࡰ ẅ ࡉࢀࡿࡢ䣍ᗘ㔜࡞ࡿࢺࣝࢥᡓᙺ࡛ࡢຌປࡺ࠼≧㓃㔞࡞ࡾῶฮࡀᚓࡽ ࡓࢇࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀẅ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢࡸࡘࡣࡡࡂࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇࢁ䣍 䢣 ࢀࡿࡢ䣍ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡣุᐁࡀྫྷ⪃㔞ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍 ࡁࡢᗞᘬ䣬❧࡚ࡽࢀ䣍⨥ࢆᐉ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࢇࡔ䣎 ࡀチࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ุᡤဨ䥺බࡢ㐨ࡢ┿୰࡛ῄࡸ࡞எዪࢆࡃࡶ⨬ࡿࡇ ࡉࢀࡤ࠾ࢀࡶᤕࡽ࠼࡚㐃⾜ࡋࢁ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ┿ᐇ䣍ࡇࡢ 䢣 ࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡀ㛶ୗࡢᜊ㊰ࡢጉࡆ࡞䣬ࡓࡇࡣ䣍ᙼࡢṚࡢཎᅉ࡛ࡣ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᙼࡣ䣍㛶ୗࡢᜊᩛ࡛࡞ࡃࡶ䣍Ṛࢆචࢀ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ⏨ࡀẅࡉ࡞䣬ࡓࡋࡓࡽ䣍࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡣ࠾ࢀࡢᡭ࡛ಽࢀࡿࡣࡎࡔ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣᡃ៏࡛ࡁࢇ䣎ࡇࡢ࡛࠾ࡲ ุᡤဨ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣேࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆࡁࡲࡍࡀ䣍ேࡢពᛮࢆࡃࡢࡣ⚄࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡞䣎࡞ࡐ႙᭹ࢆ╔࡚ࡿ㸽 Ṛࢇࡔࡢࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢぶ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡒ䣎࠾ࡲ 㒊䣍ᩍ࡛ྤࡁฟࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࢀࡽࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ⨥సࡾບࡶ࠺䣬࡚⫟ࡔ ࢇࡓࡽࡇ⾜ࡃࢇࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺䣍ᩍࡔ࡞䣎ࡇࡢዪ䣍ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⨥ࢆ⦷ࠎ ࠼ࡓࡕࡢḧࡋࡃ࡚ࡓࡲࡽ࡞࠸⋓≀ࢆศᤕ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡽࢀ䣎ࣝ ࠼ࢆ⬣ࡋ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼㎞࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡉࡏࡓ⚝ࢆ࠾ࢀࡣࡍ࡚グ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 㦄ࡉࢀ࡚ࢇࡔࡼ䣎࠾ࢀࡸୡ㛫㒊ࡀ㦄ࡉࢀࡓࡢྠࡌࡔ䣎ࡇࢁ࡛䣍࠶ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ῄࡸ࡞ፉࡔ㸽 ࡩࢇ䣍ぶ∗ࡉࢇࡼ䣍࠶ࢇࡓ䣍ࡇࡢዪ 䣬ࡓࡢࡔࡽ䣎ࡑ࠺ㄋ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࢆ⮬⏤ࡢ㌟䣎 㓞࡞ኪ䣎࡞ࡐ႙᭹࡞ࢇࡔ䣎 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ ࠾ᘬࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ከໃ↓ໃ࡛ࡍࡋ䣍⏫ࢆΰ㝗ࢀࡿࡇ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡉ࠶䣍ࡶ࠺⾜ࡇ࠺䣎 ࡸࡘࡢࡇࢆࢇ࡛ࢇࡢ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣍ࡇࡢࡀ 䢣 ࠾࠾䣍ṧ Ṛࢇࡔࡢࡣぶ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࡞ࡢ࡞ࡐ႙᭹࡞ࢇࡔ㸽 ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀᡴࡕẅࡋࡓ ุᡤဨ ṇ⩏ࢆᩆ࠼㸟 䥹ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᐙࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎௨๓ࡣࡃࡶၿព‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡓⓚᖇࡢ࠾⪥ࡶ䣍┦ኚࢃࡽࡎᩛ 289 ᎇᚪ∝ᚐ᫆ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ 䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝඖᖊ䣍Ṋჾࢆᣢࡓࡎ䣍ᕷ㛛 ➨୍ᖥ ஊӸ↝ᘙᚡ↚↓ⅳ↕ ႇئʴཋᘙ↚ⅱ↺ʴӸ↞ↈ↨↕⇯⇊⇪ᛖᛠ↮↚ወɟↆ⒎ᅹႉ↝ɶ↖ᛖ↸↻ ↺ ↝↮ ↝ ʴཋ Ӹ ↚ ᧙ ↆ↕ ↞ ⒍ ⅹ ⅹ ↷ ⒍ ↻ ↻ ↝ ʴ ཋ ↝ ᛖ ↝ ᛠ↮ ૾ ↚ ࢼ ⒡ ⒎ עӸ↚᧙ↆ↕↞⒍ɟᑍ↚Ԡ↢ॹ↸ↄ↻↕ⅳ↺ᘙᚡⅻⅱ↺↱↝↞↻⇁⒡ Ⓝ↗ⅷ↟√⒧⒲∙⒍⇎⇟⇷⒲⇱⒬↖↙ⅾ⒍⇌⒧⒲∙⒍⇟∀⇊∙Ⓞ ⒎↝˂↝ע Ӹ↞⇯⇊⇪ᛖ↝↭↭↚ↆⅻ⒍ྵ⇧↝נ⒩⇙σԧע↺ↈޓ↚Ӹ∝ᣃࠊӸ∝ע ғ Ӹ ↞ ⒍ ∂⇾ ∅ ⇈ Ⓝ ∏ ⇬ ∙ ᛖ Ⓞ ↗ ∈ ∏ √ ⒧ ⇈ Ⓝ ᒍ ᛖ Ⓞ ↝ ʚ ᛖ ⇁ ᨊ ⅳ ↕ ⇧ ⒩ ⇙ ᛖ ↝ᘙᚡ⇁ဇⅳ⒎ ⓃᚪᎍⓄ ‒ ⒏ʞࠧबт⒐ ‣ ᧺ᢿ ᨺɟ*Ⓡᚪ ⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⒦⒲ ⒕⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝Ωࢂʗⅳ⒖ ․ 1 ‒ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝Ωࢂʗⅳ ‒ ‒ ‥ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒‒ ᪩ᮅ䣎 ࡢ⾨රᑟࢀ࡚Ⓩሙ䣎ඛ㢌ุᡤဨ䣎ୖᡭ๓ᬒᚑ⪅ࢆక䣬ࡓࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ 䢣 䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎 ᩿ࡌ࡚ࡇࢃࡿ䣎ṇᙜ࡞ἲⓗᶒ㝈ࡶ࡞ࡃᣊ␃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅃ ேࢆᘬࡁΏࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ุᡤဨ ⓚᖇࡢᚚྡ࠾࠸࡚ࡌࡲࡍ䣎ㅉࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏ䣎 ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢇ࡞ุỴࡣㄗࡾ䣍ุᐁࡣ≬ẼࡢἋửࡔ䣎 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ࡓࡢࡣࡑࡢ⏨ࡢ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡔ䣎 ࡑࡇ࠸ࡿ⏨ࡣ࠶ࡿ⏨ࢆ䣬ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᶵඛࢆไࡉ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࡽࢀ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ุᡤဨ ἲ䣍ࡑࡋุ࡚ᐁࡀୗࡋࡓุỴᚑ䣬࡚ࡢࡇ䣎 ‒ I T W D U D C * P K V U K Y V \ T T Q G Y F J W E T C $0 P O K G P ' K G T V G G D K \ # T C O K R I J NPE N W K KV \W T ; ) G U T \ G P CD T (㝲 ุᡤဨ ࡇࡢࡓࡀッ࠼ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ุᐁࡀ௳ࢆᮍ↛㜵࠸࡛ ᲤᲫ ᨥ ܖٻȪșȩȫǢ⌴Ȅܖᢿ 6 ႇئʴཋ ∑⒲⇯∑⇻ʚɭ ∓⒲∄∝⇯⇊⇪႐ࠔ ∄⇬⒧⒲⇈⇟ ↝ࢂ← ∄⒫⇕⇟ ⇻⒩∑⇭⒧⇰ ∙⇮ ႐ࠔ↝စ← −⒲⇐∃∑⇮ ⇯∙∝⇪⒩⒲⇜⒲ ႐ࠔ↝ࡌ܇ ∇∑⇸⇐∑∝⇕−⒲⇢∑ ∌⒲∐⇌⇟∝⇻⒪∙∝⇼∏⇌∙⇝⒭√⒦⇊⇕π ∄⒫⇬⇟∝⇮⒨∑∙ ∂⇾∅⇈ሁଈ ↝ˊᘙᎍⓃ⇝⒭∐⒫⇕ˢⓄ ⇜⇊⇻∐⒲⇮∝⇼∓⇊⇰⒲ √⒦− ∙ ⇝⒭⇥ ⇊∙˱ٻ √⒪∑⇻∝∑∙⇽ ႐ࠔ↝̋ࢼᧈ ∏∇⒲ ˱ٻ ᨛᧈ ∑⇟√⒪∑∆Ψࠕ ⇽∓⇙⒲⇽ ⇽∏⇵ࠊൟ ∑⇕−⒲⇪⒧⇈ ↝ې ଊ ૠʴ↝τٟ⒍ࠊൟ⒍ࢼ΄ ‧ ʚŹɟʞ࠰ʋஉʚɤଐ Ӗྸ … 290 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ G J E U K P C R C , ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 291 ‒ Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tǀkaidǀ and Ynjko Tsushima’s Zushiǀ≐Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet Perspective≐ Sayo Sasaki≍1 ⁅⁛‒ Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż portrays people traveling on the old Tżkaidż road, as the title implies. Yƈko Tsushima’s Zushiż is modelled on the legends of “Sanshż the Bailiff,” popularized through the “Sanshż the Bailiff” medieval ballads. Among the themes portrayed in the texts is the history and culture of the Tżhoku region, depicted in the form of a journey through the area, particularly Tsugaru. Just as Kanoko embellishes her text with a wealth of citations from works of classical literature, Tsushima uses classical literature and legends as both a foundation and a driving force. This paper identifies common techniques between the two, focusing on utamakura descriptive epithets. This paper also examines the different levels of citation technique used in Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż, published during the wartime structure and Zushiż, written in the 1980’s . Further, this paper comparatively examines the differences in travel locations and family values in order to highlight the changes in awareness that occurred within a period of approximately half a century. From the texts’ relationship with classical literature and the focus on utamakura descriptive epithets, the author was able to provide specific examples of the creation of a history of modern literature from an historical analysis perspective äääääääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… Famous utamakura descriptive epithets, typification, adjacency, “Sanshǀ the Bailiff” legends, elder sister and younger brother Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 䥹 ぢࡿࡁ䣔 䥹๓ᥖ䣍㜿㒊 ࠐ㡫䥺࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ὠ㍍∧䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔᩿ᐃ࡛ ࡃࡶࡢࡋ࡚䣕ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣖ࡼࡾࡣ䣍ࡼࡾྂࡃⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ㄒࡾ⥅ࡀࢀࡓࡶࡢ ୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣕࠾ᒾᮌᵝ୍௦グ䣖ࡣ䣍 䣓ᮏ᮶ࡣ䣍ᒣࠎࡢ⚄ࠎࡓࡕࡢㄌ⏕ࡢ⏤᮶ࢆㄝ ࡿෆᐜࡰ㔜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑࡢ୍ே⛠࡛ㄒࡾ㉳ࡇࡉࢀ࡚➽ࡶᏳᑑ୍ே㞟 ࠾࠺ࡩ࠺䥺୰ࡢ䣓బΏࡢᏳᑑ䣔 䥹ᅄ୍㡫䦅ඵ㡫䥺➼࡛⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ᖹซ♫䥺ࡢ➨୍❶䥹୕୍㡫䦅㡫䥺䣍㜿㒊ṇ㊰䣕᪥ᮏ㏆௦ẸᩥᏛㄽ䣖䥹ᖹᡂ ఏㄝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ᒾᓮṊኵ䣕ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ⪃ ࠺ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࢀ ࡣ䣍ኳ ⓚไ ࠸࠺ࡓࡕࢆ ྲྀ䣬ࡓ ㏆௦ᅜ Ẹᅜᐙ ࡣ䣍Ẹ᪘ᅜẸࡢᩥⓗ᰿※ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ䣍ᩍ⛉᭩࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢࡼ グ䣖 䣕᪥ᮏ᭩⣖䣖ࡢṔྐ⌧ᅾ䣔࠾࠸࡚ᣦࡍࡿ䣍 䣓䣕ྂグ䣖 䣕᪥ᮏ᭩⣖䣖 ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍⚄㔝ᚿ㝯ගࡀ䣓䣕᪥ᮏ⚄ヰ䣖ࡢ᮶Ṕ䢣䢣䣓ྂ䣔ࡋ࡚ࡢ䣕ྂ ࡿሗ䣔㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࡋ࡚䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦࢆど㔝ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ ᩥᏛྐ⪃ࢆㄞࡶ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡔࡀ䣍ᮏㄽ୰࡛ゐࢀࡓ䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍➹⪅ࡣ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖᪤ᏑࡢᩥᏛྐࡢ␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚࣭ ࡚⧅ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࡉࡽඵᒱ⺬ࡀฟ㞼⣔⚄ヰ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶ␃ពࡍ ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢᣦᚑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀ㐳ࡿ㛫ࡣ୰ୡࡼࡾࡣ ࠾࠸࡚సࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓ䣏ไᗘ䣐࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣍࠸࠺ࡇࢆṔྐⓗࡾ㏉ࡾ䣍 ୰ୡࡢㄝ⤒ㄒࡾ䣖 䥹୍୕䣍䣍 ࡿ㐣ཤ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺䣎 ぢ㏻ࡍࡇ䣔 䥹ࣁ࣭ࣝ࢜ࢩࣛࢿ䣍㕥ᮌⓏ⨾⦅ⴭ䣕㐀ࡉࢀࡓྂ䢣䢣࢝ࣀࣥᙧ ୍ࠐ䣍ᅄ 䥺ࡕࡃࡲᩥᗜ∧䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊ㞟㸳䣖ࡢ䣓ゎㄝ ḷኌࡀࡦࢁࡀࡿ䣔䥹୍୕䣍 ୍ࠐ Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫䥺ࡼࢀࡤ䣓ᮾᆅ᪉ࡣ䣍ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ⼎ዀᚁఆࡀ䣓㨣 ᚁఆ䣔ࡢఏㄝ࡞䣬࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸䣎ࡇࡢᒾᮌᒣࡢ⦕㉳ࡶࡑࡢ୍㢮 ᆺ䣔࡛䣍⦕㉳ࡢ⢒➽ࡣ䣓ኳⓚࡀὴ㐵ࡋࡓ୰ኸࡽࡢ␎㌷ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ᒾᮌᒣࡢ ඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿ㨣ࡀ㏥ࡉࢀ䣍ᩋࢀࡓ㨣ࡣ䣍ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡞䣬࡚ᒣᑒࡌ ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䥹ᅄ୕භ㡫䥺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍䣓ᒾᮌᒣࡣ㐲ࡃᖇ㒔ࡢⰊࡢ㨣 㛛ࢆᏲࡿᒣ䣔ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺䥹ᅄ୕㡫䥺䣎䣓ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔ࡋࡓ ࡢࡣᚁ᭹⪅ࡢഃࡢ㒔ྜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࠾࠸࡚䣓ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡞䣬 ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ ࠺᳨ウࡀ࠸ ࡿࡀ䣍ᚭࡽᐙ ᪘ࡣṚࢇࡔ㞷ᯞࢆ䣓ᐙ᪘ࡢ Ᏺㆤ ⚄䣔 ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ࠸ ࡢ ࡕ ࡢ ᅇ ᖐ 䣖䥹 ࠐ ࠐ ᅄ 䣍 ୍ ୍ 䣍 ⩶ ᯘ ᭩ ᡣ 䥺 ࡋ࡚㒔ྜࡼࡃ⨨ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 䥺㧗 Ⰻ␃⨾Ꮚ 䣕ᒸ ᮏ ࡢᏊ ᡂ࣭ᅜẸᅜᐙ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛ䣖 䥹୍䣍ᅄ ᪂᭙♫䥺୍ඵ㡫䥺ࢆど㔝ධࢀ ࡓㄞࡳࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡿ䣎࡞࠾䣍ゝࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍᪥ᮏ⚄ヰ࠾ ࡅࡿ࣐ࢸࣛࢫࢫࢧࣀ࢜ࡶጜᘵ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ୍୕ඵ㡫 䥺㐃స㞟䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖࠾࠸࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ๓⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ䣕ྂグ䣖 ࢆୗᩜࡁࡋࡓ䣓࠾ࢁࡕ䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ䣓ᅜࡘ⚄䣔ࡢഃ㠃ࡽᚲ↛ᛶࢆࡶ䣬 䥺ෆ⸨ṇᩄ䣓㨣ࡢཎ㢼ᬒ䢣ὠ㍍ᒾᮌᒣࡢ㨣⚄䣔 䥹ᑠᯇᙪ⦅ⴭ䣕㨣 䣖ࠐࠐ ࠐ 䣍 ඵ 䥺 ୕㡫䦅୕㡫 䥹 15 16 17 18 䥹 䥹 292 ⓗ࡞ࣔࣀࢆྵࡴ䣎 ࡣ䣍ฟ᮶ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛫ⓗ࡞ࣔࣀ䣍 䣓ᚰ⌮ࡢ᥈✲䣔ࡢࡢࡼ࠺ࣔࣀࡋࡓᢳ㇟ ࠶ࡿ䣎䣓ୡ⏺䣔ࡣ䣓⌧ᐇୡ⏺䣔㝈ࡽࡎክࡸ≀ㄒࡢ䣓ୡ⏺䣔ࡶྵࡴ䣎䣓ࣔࣀ䣔 ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣔࣀ㹀ࢆ㛫᥋ⓗ䥹ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࣔࣀ㸿ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚䥺 䣕ᣦ♧䣖ࡍࡿ⌧㇟䣔࡛ ♧䣖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣔࣀ㸿㞄᥋㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ㹀䣕ᣦ♧䣖ࡀ䣕ࡎࢀࡿ䣖ࡇ ࢆάࡉࡏࡿ୍ᅉ࡛࠶䣬ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹 䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊ㸫↓ᖖࡢᾏ ࡽࡋ࠸䣎䣔ࡋ䣍 䣓↓ព㆑ാࡃࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᚰᛶࡢ㞟ྜ䣔ࡀ䣓ᑒᘓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㨩ຊ ࡑࡇ⮬↛䣕⾑⬦䣖 䣕ඛ♽䣖ࢆᑟࡁฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡀྂⓗ࡞ᆅྡࡢຊ࡛࠶ࡿ 䣓୍ᖹࡣࡓࡔឤࡌࡿࡲࡲ䣕࡞ࡘࡋࡳ䣖䣕ேⓗ࡞≌ᘬ䣖ࢆㄒ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣍 సᴦࡢゝⴥࡣ୍ᖹࡀ㏙࡚࠸ࡿᮾᾏ㐨ࡢᛮ࠸ࢆཷࡅ࡚᭩ࢀࡓ᥎ ࡋ䣍 ྡᡤḷᯖࡀ㞄᥋ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀Ⓨᇶ࡙ࡃࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ䣓↓ ᮏᩥᏛ䣔➨ᅄᕳྕ ព㆑䣔࡞ࡿᾐࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃຊࢆᣢࡘࡇࡣ䣍᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢺࢽ 䥺 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ䣍༑ᅋᏊ䣍ࢁࢁỒ䣍⅊྿ࡁ࡞࠸ࡃࡘࡶᣦ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 5 ୍㡫 ᒇ࡞ࡀ୪ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ䣍ᆅྡࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣓ሙᡤ䣔ࡢᙉ࠸㞄᥋ᛶࢆࡶ 䥹 ࠐࠐ䥻୕䣍 䣓ᩥᏛ◊✲䣔➨ࠐ㞟䣍୕୕㡫䦅୕㡫 䥺ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ᮏᩥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᶓᒣ㔜࣭⸨ཎᘯඹ⦅࣭ᰯゞ䣕ㄝ⤒⠇ṇ ᮏ㞟➨୍䣖 䥹୍୕䣍୍䣍ᒸᒣ᭩ᗑ䥺 䣍ᶓᒣ㔜⦅䣕ㄝ⤒ṇᮏ㞟➨୍䣖 䥹୍ භඵ䣍䣍ゅᕝ᭩ᗑ䥺➼ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎 䥺ὠᓥభᏊࡣࢾ⚄ㅴ㞟ࡢヂᴗࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ␃ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸䣎 䥺㤿ፉ፧ጻ㆓ࡘ࠸࡚▼ୖ㍜ࡣ䣍 䣓ࡇࡢ㤿ፉ፧ጻ㆓ࡣ࢜ࢩࣛ⚍ᩥࡋ࡚㟷᳃࣭ ᒾᡭఏࢃࡾ䣍୕Ἑࡢ⚄ᴦ⚍ᩥࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢヰࡣ୍✀ࡢ␗㢮 ፧ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍᪥ᮏྂࡃࡽᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᆺ䣔࠸࠺䣎 䣓ᢡཱྀಙኵࡣ䣍ᮾࡢᩥ Ꮫ୍࡛␒ࡼࡃࢃࡿࡢࡣ䣍⇃㔝⣔⤫ࡢࡶࡢ࡛䣍⇃㔝ࡢᕩዪࡸ┣࣭▜ዪࡸ⪷㐩ࡀ ࠾࠺ࡩ ࠺ 㐠ࢇ࡛⾜䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡀ┠ࡘࡃ䣎 䥹୰␎䥺ዟᕞࡢ࠸ࡓࡇ⚍ᩥ࡞ࡶࡇࢀࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ ࡓ ㏙ ࡓ 䣎䣔 ᣦ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 䥹䣕 ྂ ௦ఏ ᢎ ᩥ ⱁ ㄽ 䣖 ᖹ ᡂ ୍ ୍ 䣍 ඵ㡫䦅㡫䥺䣎䣓ཱྀ㢌ᩥᏛ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ᐀ᩍᩥᏛ䣔ࡢ㛵㐃ࡶ㞷ᯞࡀ᐀ᩍࢆ Ꮫࡧࡓ࠸㢪࠺ࡇ㏻ࡌ䣍࢜ࢩࣛᵝࡣ䣓ᮏ᮶䣍♽ඛ⚄࣭㎰⪔⚄ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᣢ䣬 ࡚࠸ࡓࡽࡋ࠸䣔ࡇࡶ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ㛵㐃ࡽὀ┠࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 䥺 䣓ὠ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓヰ䣔ࡋ࡚ᥥࢀࡿὠ㍍ࡢᒾᮌᒣࡲࡘࢃࡿᏳᑑ 䣬࡚ㄞ⪅ࡣ༳㇟ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡃୡ⏺ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆỴ ᐃ࡙ࡅࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ᙧᡂ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ⿵㊊ࡋ࡚㢟ャࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠾ 䥺 ឤ⯆༶ࡋ࡚ャࡲࢀࡿḷࡀ䣍సḷࡢሙࡸ≧ἣᐦ᥋࡞ࢃࡾࡶࡘ䣔ࡢࡣ␗ 䥹 ࡃ䣎㢟ャḷࡣ䣓㢟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚╔ࡉࢀࡓほᛕⓗୡ⏺ࢆᙧᡂ䣔ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍 䣓 ᢡࠎࡢ ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓᒊ㢼ḷࡸḷྜࡢὶ⾜ࡼ䣬࡚Ⓨ㐩ࡋ䣍 䣓㢟ャࡢ☜❧ᒎ 㛤ࡣ⨾ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᣑࡋ䣍ḷ᪂ࡓ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ䣔 䥹ὀ㸱ྠࡌ䣍୕ඵ ඵ㡫䦅୕ඵ㡫䥺࠸࠺ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࡸࡣࡾ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔 ࠸࠺䣓ḞⅬ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣྰᐃࡋࡀࡓ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 䥺ᪧᮾᾏ㐨ࡢᐟሙࢆṌࡃ୰࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃỶ㌴ࡢ㌴୰࡛㛢ࡌࡓࡇࡢពࡣ⪃࠼࡚ࡳ ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㏆௦ࡢ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚ࡢỶ㌴࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍 ➹⪅ࡣ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖㐃ḷᑿࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚ὀ䥹㸯䥺࠶ࡆࡓㄽࡢ୰࡛ ゐࢀ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ᐟሙࡸ㥐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ᪑ࢆᥥࡃࡇࡣ㐃ḷⓗᡭἲ㏻ࡌࡿࡋ࡚ 䥹 11 13 12 14 ࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎 䥺ᐑෆ῟Ꮚࡣ䣓⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡸ࠺࡞䣍⬤࠸ᛶ㉁ࡢே㛫ࢆ⑷ࡽࡏࡿ䣔࠸࠺ 10 ୍භඵ㡫䥺䣎ᮏㄽ࡛๓ᥦࡋࡓࡼ࠺䣍 6 ࣑䤀⾲⌧ࡸⓎࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍⮬↛࡞ὶࢀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ Ṋ ⶶ 㔝᭩ ᡣ 䢣䣖 䥹 ෑ㢌㏆ࡃ࡛䣍ฟⓎᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ㟼ᒸ㥐ࡢᒣⵇₕࡸ㪉࡛ࢇࡪࡢ┳ᯈ䣍ࡉࡽᏳಸᕝ㣰 ୍ᅄ䣍୍ࠐ 䥺⳥ụጾ㞝䣓␗⏺ࢆ㈇࠺ᬒ䢣ྂ௦ᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿ႘ࡢཎ⌮䢣䣔ࠐࠐࠐ䣍䣍 䣓᪥ 䥹 7 䥺እᮧᙲ䣓ᒸᮏࡢᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䢣䣣௦䣥ࡢ㞃႘ࢆどᗙࡋ࡚䤀䣔 䥹 䥹 䥹 8 䥹 䥹 9 293 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 䥺 ⪅ࡢ៍ူࡢḷኌ࡛ࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎㛫㍈࡛࠸࠼ࡤ䣍ᖖ㒔㈇ࡅ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ࡛ ⚄࡞䣬ࡓ⪅ࡢჃࡁᢠࡢḷኌ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䥹 ࡇࡢసࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅ࡀぢฟࡋၥ࠸⥆ࡅࡿࡁၥ࠸ࡣ䣍⾲⌧ᐦ᥋┤ ࡿ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀዌ࡛ࡿḷࡣ䣍ࡃ୧ᴟ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋ ᅄᖺ୕᭶䣍ᶞ♫䥺䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣㅮㄯ♫ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖 䥹୍ 㸨䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡽࡢᮏᩥᘬ⏝ࡣ䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊ㞟➨ᅄᕳ䣖 䥹 ⤖ࡍࡿⓎࢆつᐃࡋ᪉ྥ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡋ䣍୧ᴟᛶࢆࡶ䣬࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾࡶ䣍ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ἲࡣ䣍ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ㛫ࢸࢡࢫ ඵᖺ᭶䥺ࡼࡿ䣎 ᴟࡵ࡚⮬↛࡞ࡇࡢࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ඛ㏙࡛ࡣ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺䣔ࡽ㐲ࡃ䣍 ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㢦䣔ࢆࡶࡕ䣍ㅰ㔝ᬗᏊࡀ䣓⋤ᮅᩥࡢ㡬Ⅼ❧ࡘኳⓚࡣᣏ㊭ 䣓ኳⓚࡣ⤫ᖊᶒࢆࡶࡘ㌷ࡢ⤫⋡⪅䣍❧᠇ྩ䣍ࡉࡽ⋤ᮅᩥࡢ㇟ᚩ࡞䣍 䥹 䥹 䥹 ὒ୍䣕ḷᯖḷࡇࡤ㎡ ቑゞ∧䣖 䥹୍䣍භ ➟㛫᭩㝔䥺 䣍ᒸಙ┘ಟ䣕᪥ ᙲ䣍㔝⏣┤ᜨࡽࡼ䣬࡚ᣦࡉࢀ䣍ᐃㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸䣎ࡘ࡚➹⪅ 䣗ὀ䣘 䣓ḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏ䣔࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸సရࡋࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ⾲ᒙ࡛ࡢࡇ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 䥹 1 ࡢᡓத༠ຊࢆᐜ᫆ࡋࡓ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ᡓୗ࠾ࡅࡿࡢᏊࡢ䣓┤ ⥺ⓗ࡛ᒅクࡢ࡞࠸Ẹ᪘⩏䣔ࡸ♽ᅜឡࡣḷ࠸࠺䣓リḷᙧᘧࡢࡶࡓࢀ 䥺 ࠺ ࡲ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࡃ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ࡾࡀ፹䣔ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹 ゝ ࡣ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ᩘከࡃⓏሙࡍࡿྡᡤḷᯖ䣍ᪧ ㊧䣍ྂࡽ ࡢᘬ⏝ࡘ ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ㝿䣍 䣓✵ࡼࡿ᪑ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ᐇ㝿ࡢᆅᙧ㐪䣬࡚ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣔ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 䣓㐪䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡇࢁ㐣ཤࡢ䣕✵䣖ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ㄽ㏙ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ䥹䣓䣕᪑ ࡢ㐀䢣ᒸᮏᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䢣䣔䣍ᖹᡂᅄ䣍ᅄ䣍䣓ᩥⱁᢈホ䣔➨ᕳ 䥺㧗ᶫⰋ㞝䣕ḷᯖࡢ◊✲䣖 䥹୍䣍 Ṋⶶ㔝᭩㝔䥺ࡢ୕㡫䣎䣍∦᱒ ➨ྕ䣍 ᅄ୍㡫䥺 䣎 ᮏ࠺ࡓࡇࡤ⾲⌧㎡䢣ḷᯖ⦅䥹ୖᕳ䥺䣖 䥹ࠐࠐඵ䣍ඵ 㐟Ꮚ㤋䥺䣍ྜྷཎᰤᚨ䣕 ᱜᴁ♫䥺 ḷࡢḷᯖ࣭ᆅྡ㎡䣖 䥹ᖹᡂࠐ䣍 ࠾࠺ࡩ࠺䥺➼ࡢゎㄝࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎 䥺᭷ྜྷಖ⦅䣕ḷᩥᏛ䣖 䥹ᖹᡂ୕䣍 ࠐ㡫 䥺࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ࡣ䣓㞄᥋㛵ಀ䣔ᇶ࡙ࡃࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ ࣔࣀࡢ㛫࡛䣍୍᪉ࡽ᪉ᣦ♧ࡀࡎࢀࡿ⌧㇟䣔䣍䣓⾲⌧㸿ࡀࣔࣀ㸿ࢆ䣕ᣦ 䣍 ᾏ㬆♫䣍ᅄ୕㡫䣍ᅄඵ㡫䥺 䣎 䣓 䥹⌧ᐇ䥺ୡ⏺ࡢ࡞࡛㞄᥋㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ ࡿ䣎 䥹 䥺 ࡅࡿ䣓ᅜࡘ⚄䣔ࡢၥ㢟 ఏ⤫ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿゝ࠼ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᵝࠎ࡞Ⅼ࡛᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝ࡋࡘࡘ┦ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍䣕ᮾ ࡿ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸䣔ࡶࡢࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿぢࡿࡢࡀ㐺ษ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡴࡋࢁዟ῝࠸ࡇࢁ࡛᭱ࡶᙉࡃఏ⤫ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࡢ᰿ᖿࢆḷ࠸䣍ࡑࡢጾຊࢆㆭ࠼ ࡚ฟⓎࡋࡓࡢᏊࡀࡑࡢせ⣲ࡢᅪෆ࡛䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇࡣ ᯖ㝈ࡽࡎḷᯖ⯡ࡣ⋤ᮅḷࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ḷேࡋ 17 䥺ࡢᏊࡀኵ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ᖹࡽ㈨ᩱᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࡇࡣᐑෆ῟Ꮚ䣍እᮧ ᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࢆᑐᴟ⨨࠸ࡓࡁ䣍㒔ࡢዪ⚄ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶ࠺୍ேࡢዪ⚄ࢆ ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ℩ᡞ㈼୍ࡼࡿᐃ⩏ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ䥹䣕ㄆ㆑ࡢࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ䣖୍ 2 ࡋࡓ䣔ࡼ࠺䣍㔜ᒙⓗ࣓䤀ࢪࡢ୰ࡢ⋤ᮅᩥࡢ㇟ᚩ࠸࠺㠃ࡀ䣓ḷேࡓࡕ ᥥࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡑࢀࡀ㝿❧ࡘ䣎䣓▱䣔ࡢ⥅ᢎࡸᩥࡢ⥅ᢎ࠾ 3 ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ༴࠺ࡉࢆࡶࡘࡇࢆ༑ศព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎㧗Ⰻ␃⨾Ꮚࡣ䣍 ࡢఏ⤫༶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍㞄᥋ᛶࡼࡿㄆ㆑ἲࡢᙉᗘࡢ㆙ᡄࢆࡶྵࡵ࡚䣍 ࢺ ᛶ ࠸ ࠺ 㠃 ࡽ ぢ ࡿ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡸ ᮏ ḷ ྲྀ ࡾ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ ㏻ ࡌ ࡿࡇ ࡛ ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ Ꮫ ྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧䣍ྂᩥᏛసရࡢᘬ⏝࠸䣬ࡓ䣍᪉ἲⓗኚ㏆࠸ᡭἲࢆ 16 4 18 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 294 ࡛䣍ࡦࡘࡢ䣍࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆసࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ䣍ࡢᏊࡢᑠㄝࡣ䣍ࡶࡕࢁࢇ䣓ෆᐜ䣔ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 䥹୰␎䥺 ࢆ㥙ࡍࡿࡢᩥⓗ㑇⏘ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᙇࡍࡿ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࡕࡽࡶ䣓ᅛ ࡣ䣓ᮾୗࡾ䣔ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡀ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡶ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔 ࢸ䤀࣐ࢆㄽࡌࡓ࠸ேࡶศ䣍ᛂ࠼ᚓࡿ䣓ෆᐜ䣔࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡑ ᐃ䣔ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࠸࠺ඹ㏻Ⅼࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 ࡀయ⾜ࡁΏࡾ䣍㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࡣ᠄ࡢᆅ࡛࠶ࡾᮾᅜ䥹㙊࣭Ụᡞ࣭ᮾி䥺 ࡇ౯್ࢆ⨨ࡁࡍࡂࡿ䣍ࡢᏊࡢ䣓ᑠㄝ䣔ࢆぢኻ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ ࡘࡲࡾ䣍䣓୍䣔䣓䣔࠾࠸࡚ᣦࡋࡓ䣍⥴ⓗ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡀ㢮 ࢆㄞࡴ࠸࠺ษ䣬ࡅࡋ࡚䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ䣔ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ ฟ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ከࡃࢆ࠸࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢෑ㢌㏆ࡃ࡛䣍ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠㄝ ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣓ෆᐜ䣔ࡢᑠㄝ࠸࠼ࡿ䣎ὠᓥࡣࡇࡢᣦඛ❧䣬࡚䣍ࡢᏊࡢసရ 䣓ḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏ䣔࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸సရࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎㏫ゝ࠼ࡤ䣍䣓ᩥ❶䣔࡛ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡣ䣍ẚ㍑ⓗ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺䣔ࡽ㐲ࡃ䣍 ᣢࡘࡇࡣ୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ▱㆑ࡋ࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࠼䣍ᐇ㝿 ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ䣔࡛࠸࠼ࡤ䣍㮆እࡢ䣕ᒣ᳡ኵ䣖ࡀᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆᣐ ୍ᵝᛶࡢ␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚ࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺䣎䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡢ⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡉࡢㄆ㆑䣍ࡉࡽ㢮ᆺᶒጾࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᗈ⠊ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎ ෆᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࡸྂᩥᏛࡸఏᢎࡢᘬ⏝ࡀ ࡿ䣎 ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍䣓⌮ᛶⓗ䣍ࡘㄽ⌮ⓗ䣍ࡘ♫ⓗ࡞⏘≀䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣓ᩥᏛ䣔࠾ 㮆እࡢసရࢆㄞࢇࡔࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⪅䣬࡚ࡶ䣍᳃㮆እ࠸࠺ᩥᏛྐ ᆺ ᶒጾ ᰿ᮏ ⓗ ῝ ࡃ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⾲ ⌧ ᙧ ᘧ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡀ ᭱ ึ ࡽ ࠸࡚䣍䣓ྂࡣูࡋ࡚䣍㏆௦ࡢዪᛶసᐙ䣔ࡣ㛗ࡽࡃ䣓⿵Ḟ䣔࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡇ ୖࡢྡࡣ䣓ᶒጾ䣔ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡞ຊࢆࡶ䣬࡚ാࡃ䣎䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡞ࡿࡇࢆ⮬ࡽ ࡣ䣍䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ຊࢆࡶ䣬࡚䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ᢠࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿጼໃ 䣬ࡕ䣔࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓఏᢎࡢᘬ⏝࡛⤊ࢃࡿ䣎䣓ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࡀ䣔 ࢆྵࡴ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ࡀぢࡓ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡢࡑࢀࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡘࡘ䣍᭱⤊ⓗࡣ䣓ࡇ ࡓྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ຊࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ㙊 ࡿሗ䣔ࡼ䣬࡚ᅛᐃ࣭ᶒጾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᙧᡂാ࠸ 㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࢆ୰ᚰᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀ ༑୕ḟ䣖ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྂᩥᏛࡸఏᢎ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧ࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ ࡀ䣔࠶ࡿࡢࡣ䣍 䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔࡛ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨 ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢඛ⏕࡞ࢇࡶ䣍ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰ ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺䣍㞷ᯞࡀ㡪ࡏࡿ䣓ዪ⚄䣔ࡢḷኌࡣ䣍ᐙ᪘ࡍࡽ䣓㨣䣔ࡉࢀࡓ ࡢ୰⌧௦࠾ࡅࡿ䣓ࡇࢃࡉ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㐃స㞟ࡔࡀ䣍ᒾᮌᒣࡣ㨣ࡢఏᢎࡀ ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧ࡉࢀࡓ䣓ⴭ⪅ࡽㄞ⪅䣔࠶ࡿࡼ࠺䣍ேேࡢฟ࠸ ࡀ䣓ዪ⚄䣔ࡢኌࡋ࡚㡪ࡃ䣎䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆ㘓ࡍࡿ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ࡣ䣍ㅮㄯ♫ ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾ䣔ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ䣍Ᏻᑑ࠸࠺䣓࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌ䣔 ᑐࡍࡿᣮᡓࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍 䣓ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ♫ ≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏࡘ࡙ࡅࡿ䣔ᒸᮏࡢᏊ ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐃ⩏䣔ࢆ䣓ࡳࡈ࠺ࡽࡂ䣬࡚䣔 䣍 䣓ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ♫ⓗ࡞ ࡍࡿどⅬࢆ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ᑠㄝࡘ࠸࡚䣓⚾⮬㌟ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔↓⮬ぬ࡛࠶ࡿ⪅ࡑࡢ䣓㢮ᆺ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐ ពᅗࡋ࡞ࡃࡶ࿘ᅖࡼ䣬࡚䣓ᶒጾ䣔ࡣసࡾฟࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡽ䣍 ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࡘࡲࡾ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ࡢᩥⓗᶒጾ ࡑࡢ䣓ሗ䣔ࡣ䣍ࡓ࠼ࡤ㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᮾࡢṔྐࡣࡢ⛬ᗘྵ ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 295 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ པᏊ⋤ࡢఏㄝࡢ୰จᅛࡋࡓ୍ᛕࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᜍᛧࢆぢฟࡋ䣍ጜᘵ࠸࠺ ヰ䣔࡛䣓ேேࡢฟ࠸ࡢ࡞࠶ࡿࡇࢃࡉ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑ ࡛䣍ὠᓥࡣㅮㄯ♫ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧ᐤࡏࡓ⮬సゎㄝ䣓ⴭ⪅ࡽㄞ⪅ ࠾ࡤࡅࡢ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆྵࡴ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ࡣ⌧௦࠾ࡅࡿ䣓࠾ࡤࡅヰ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㐃స㞟 ᛕࢆᢪࡃጜࡣᘵ䣬࡚䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ᐙ᪘䣬࡚䣍ᜍᛧࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡢࡈࡃ䣍㞷ᯞࡢࡈࡃ䣍จᅛࡋࡓ୍ ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛ࡣே㈙࠸ࡸኴኵࡼࡿⱔⅯ࡞ᡴࡕࡀᛧࡉࢆࡶࡓ Ꮚ⋤䣔Ⓨ⾲ࡣᗈࡃࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡣ䣍䥹୍ඵᅄ䥺ᖺࡢ䣓པ ࠸ࡑࢀࡽ␗࡞ࡾ䣍 䣓ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ㝆అࡋࡓ࢚࣑ࢩ䣔ࡢ䣓࢜ࢧ䣔ࡸ䣓ὠ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ྡᡤḷᯖࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢྠࡌຊࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡳ࡚ࡼ ேࡢཱྀࡽฟࡓⰸⷀࡢྃࡢࡼ࠺䣍㛵㐃ࡍࡿྂసရࡢከࡃࡣࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽ ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㔠Ⰽᇽࡸ⾰ᕝࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿྡᡤᪧ㊧䣍ḷᯖࡋ࡚ࡢ㛵ᡤ䣍 ࢀ䣍ࡑࢀࡽࡣᐇ㝿┠ࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸⪅࡛ࡶ▱㆑ࡋ࡚▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ ᪑ ࡛ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ᮾ ྛ ᆅ ࡑ ࡢ ᆅ ࡲ ࡘ ࢃ ࡿ ≀ ㄒ ࡸ ఏ ᢎ ࡀ ⧊ ࡾ ㎸ ࡲ ே ⏕ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ฟ ࠸ ࡢ 㛵 ಀࢆ ୰ ᚰ ᤣ ࠼ ࡚ ⌧ ௦ ࡘ ࡞ ࡀ ࡿ ᜍ ᛧࢆ ぢ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠶ࡿ䣎ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛䣍པᏊ⋤ࡀኴኵࡢୗࢆ㏨ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ䣍ᅜ ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀᮾࡢྡᡤྐ㊧ෆࡢᵝ┦ࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡛ ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ࡢ㛵ಀࡸ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔ࡢክࡲ࡛ᣑࡍ 㓄 ᚑ ᒓ ࠸ ࠺ ࡑ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡽ ࡢ ⬺ ฟ 㢪 ᮃࢆ 㞷 ᯞ ࡀ ㄒ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᮾ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ྎ࡞ࡿ䣎ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢ≀ㄒࡣ㝣ዟ㒔ࡢṔྐⓗ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ䣍ᨭ 㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚ᮾࡢኴᖹὒഃࡽ᪥ᮏᾏഃ䣍㐲ࡃᚋࡲ࡛ᗈࡀࡿሙᡤࡀ⯙ ࡢࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ୍ᛕࡣ䣍ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࢆᇶᮏᙧࡍࡿ ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎㞷ᯞࡢㄒࡿ≀ㄒࡣ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 ࡶࡑࡢ䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣓⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࢆసࡾฟࡑ ࡼ࠸䣎 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ䣍 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ䣔౫ࡾࡘࡘ ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡉࡽࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ㢟ᮦࢆᚓࡓ᳃㮆እࡢ䣕ᒣ᳡ኵ䣖ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶ ࢁ࠺䣎ࡇࡇ࠸࠺䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࡣ䣍୍⯡ὶᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ ྠࡌ୍ࡘࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺෆ⨨ࢀࡓࡁ䣍๓⪅ࡼ䣬࡚ᚋ⪅ࡣ┦ᑐࡉࢀࡿࡔ ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ䣔ࡋࡓ䣓⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡀ⏕ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓྂⓗ࡞ᩥ㑇⏘ࡀ ࡋࡋ䣍ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ୍࡛⯡ⓗ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡑࢀࡽ䣍䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ ศᑎࡸኳ⋤ᑎࡢຊ䣍ᱵὠ㝔࠸࠺㈗᪘ࡢຊࡼ䣬࡚ඖࡢ㌟ศࢆᅇࡋࡓࡢࡳ ࡢㄞ⪅ࡶඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ䣎ࡑࡢ䣍䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ䣔ࡋࡓ ࡞ࡽࡎẕࡢࢆᯝࡓࡋ䣍ኴኵࡢ⃭Ⅿ࡞ㆶࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣ䣍 䥺 䣓⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡀ᪂ࡓࡾฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡇࢁ࡛ࡢᏊࡢᩥᏛࡘ࠸࡚䣍ὠᓥࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹 ጜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Ᏻ ᑑ ࡢ ⮬ ᕫ ≛ ≅ ኳ ⋤ ᑎ ௦ ⾲ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ⚄ ࡢ ຊ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣࡑࢀࡢ␗㆟ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡣ⚄ ຓࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᏳᑑࡶཔᏊ⋤ࡶ⮬ࡽࡀ⚄࡞ࡿ䣎ᒾᇛุᐁ୍᪘ࡢ ⯆ࡢክࡣᮾ࠸࠺䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔ࡢክ࡞ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢክࢆ⢭⚄ⓗᨭ࠼ࡿ 15 ♫ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏࡘ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍࠸䣬ࡓ⪃࠼ࢆ䣍ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡢᑠㄝࡣ↓どࡋ䣍ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ ࡓ䣎ᑠㄝࡣ䣍ࢇ࡞ࡇࡀᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡑࡢࢸ䤀࣐ࡼ䣬࡚ᨭ࠼ࡽ ⚾⮬㌟ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐃ⩏ࢆ䣍ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡢᩥ❶ࡣࡳࡈ࠺ࡽࡂ䣬࡚࠸ ᑠㄝࡢᩥ❶ࡣ䣍ᩓᩥ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᩓᩥࡢᮏ㉁ࡣㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᐈほ࡛࠶ࡿ䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ▷௦ࡢே᪑∗ぶࡢᨾ㒓ὠ㍍ࢆゼࡡࡿ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢ୍ே ࡢࡀᏳᑑ࠸࠺䣓ጜ࡞ࡿᏑᅾ䣔࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 296 ࡿᨭ࠼࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎Ṛ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ∗ぶࡢゝⴥࡀࢱࢥࡼ䣬࡚ ඹ᭷☜ㄆࡼ䣬࡚ᙉᅛ⧅ࡀࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍☜ಙ࡛ࡁࡿࡑࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࡀ⏕ࡁ ࡓࡢ࡛䣍ࡑࡢሙྜࡣ䣍ᅄᖺไᏛ⦅ධࡋ࡚᐀ᩍࢆᏛࡧࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪࠸ࢆ㜼 ࠸࠺ࡀ䣓⌧ᐇࡢ⮬ศࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡓࡵ䣔୍⯡ὶᕸࡍࡿヰࡢ᪉ࡶཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ 㞷ᯞࡣ䣓ᚰⓗࡣᒾᮌᒣࡢᏳᑑࡢヰࡢ᪉ࡀẼධ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣔 ࡢୗṧࡉࢀ࡚䣓ẕᏳᑑࡢࢆ㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡢᏑᅾ䣔࡛ࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ࡧฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍Ṛ⪅㐩ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀᅵᆅࡢఏᢎ䣍Ṕྐ ࡴ∗ぶࡀᒣ᳡ኵᨃࡏࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 㞷ᯞࡀᚭㄒ䣬ࡓᒾᮌᒣࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢᏳᑑ⮬ศࡢ㌟ࢆクࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣔 䣍 䣓Ẽ࡛ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ ࡿ㒊ศࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᚭࡣᴫせࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚䣍䣓ጜࡣࡇࡢᖺ䣍ᗋ࠸࡞ࡀ ⣬᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣓࠶࡞ࡓࡣᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣࡈᏑ▱࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡡ䣔ጞࡲ ୍⯡ὶᕸࡋࡓࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥⓗ㑇⏘ࡣ␗࡞ࡿఏᢎ䣍ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ᚭࡢᡭ ࡢ୍⠇ࡣ䣍⾰ᕝࡢྂᡓሙ࡛ேࡀ㉳ࡋࡓⰸⷀࡢ୍ྃ㏻ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ⣖Ꮚࡢ▷௦ࡢ┿ࢆ㑇ရࡢ୰ぢ࡚௨᮶䣍ᚭࡢ㢌ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ ㄝࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍ࡑࢀࡼ䣬࡚⨾⣖Ꮚࡑࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅ࡶఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎㞷ᯞ⨾ ᮅࡀึࡵ࡚ᖹἨධ䣬ࡓࡢᵝᏊࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᘬ⏝⥆ࡅ࡚ᚭࡢゎ ࣝࡀཔᏊ⋤࡛࠶ࡾ䣍♳ࡾࡢẼᣢࡕࡣᏳᑑྥࡅࡽࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࡑࡢࡼ࠺ தࡲ࡛䣍ཎఫẸࡢᛮ࠸ࡣఏࢃࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࡢᛮ࠸ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ 䥹୰␎䥺ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅௨᮶䣍⩏ᐙࡸ㢗ᮅ䣍ᯝ࡚ࡣᯇ๓⸬ࡶᩋࢀ䣍ᠾ㎮ᡓ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ 㢪 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࢚ ࣑ ࢩ ࡢ ᛮ ࠸ ࡀ ᜥ ࢆ ྿ ࡁ ㎸ ࢇ ࡔ ጼ ࡞ ࡢ࡛ ࡍ 䣎 ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹୰␎䥺ᘵࡢཔᏊ⋤ࡣ䣍ࡧ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ௦ࡀ⸽ ࢩࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓཎఫẸ㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ጜࡣ䣍Ᏻᑑࡣ࢚࣑ࢩࡢዪ⚄ ࡣ࠾࠾ࡦࡢఏㄝࡀከࡃṧ䣬࡚࠸࡚䣍࠾࠾ࡦゝ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢚࣑ ㏣ᨺࡉࢀ⥆ࡅࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡢヰ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣍࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎☜ᒾᮌᒣ ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣኚྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿヰ࡛䣍ࡋࡶྂ௦ࡽᚁ᭹ࡉࢀ䣍 ែᏳᑑࡢⱞࡋࡳࢆጜࡣ㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍⚾ࡣ䣍Ᏻᑑࡣ⮬ ጜࡣಙࡌࡲࡋࡓ䣎 Ꮚ⋤࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣔⥆ࡅࡓᚋ䣍䣓ᒾᮌᒣࡢࡈ⚄యࡀᏳᑑጲ࡞ࡢࡔ 䥺 ᯞ ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡍ 䣔 ࠸ ࠺ 䣓 ὠ ㍍ ࡢ ࢱ ࢥ ࡀ ఏ ࠼ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓヰ 䣔ࢆ ᭩ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ䣎 䥹 㞷 ぶࡢୗࢆ㏨ࢀࡓᏳᑑࡣᨺᾉࡢᮎẕࡋ䣍ᒾᮌᒣࡢᒣ⚄ࡢࡈ┈࡛ẕぶ ⦕ࡉࢀ࡚Ἵࡁࡍࡂࡓ࠶ࡲࡾ┣┠࡞䣬࡚㫽㏣࠸࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎∗ ࠺ࡇࢁ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑࡣ⩏ࡢᏊࢃࢀ࡚∗ぶᚅࡉࢀ䣍ẕぶࡣ㞳 ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ὠ㍍ࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣ䣍 䣓୍⯡▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿヰࡣከᑡ㐪 ࡀ䣓࠶ࡿᮏ࡛▱䣬࡚䣍௨᮶䣍ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢୡ⏺῝ࡃᇳ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣬 ࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔࠸࠺䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 㒔ࢆ┠ᣦࡍㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ᑐࡋ࡚┿䣬ྥࡽᑐᓖࡍࡿࡢࡀ䣓ὠ㍍ࡢ 㜰ࡔ䣔ࡢゝⴥࢆヰࡍዪᏊᏛ⏕ࡀᑐẚⓗ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ␃ពࡋࡼ࠺䣎 䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐࡋᚓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࢱࢥࡢࡇ䣓ி㒔ࡔ ఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡇࡑࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ㄝ⤒ ࢀ⥆ࡅࡿ䣍࠸࠺ࡢࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢᇶᮏᵓᅗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍䣓ὠ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀ 14 ࡢ┠ࡀ㛤ࡁ䣍 䣓Ᏻᑑࡣᒾᮌᒣ䣍པᏊ⋤ࡣᐩኈᒣ⚍ࡽࢀࡿ䣔 䣎པᏊ⋤ࡣ∗ぶ ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤࠶ࡿጜᘵ㛵ಀࡣኚᐜࡋࡘࡘ⏕ࡉ ศࡢࡇࡔ䣍࠸࠺ጜࡢゝⴥࢆཷࡅṆࡵ࡚䣔 䣍 䣓ጜࡀᏳᑑࡔࡍࡿ䣍⚾ࡣཔ ࡿ䣎※㢗ᮅࡼ䣬࡚ᨷࡵࡽࢀࡓ⸨ཎὈ⾮ࡀⅆࢆᨺ䣬࡚㏨ࡆཤࡾ䣍ࡑࡢᚋ㢗 㞷ᯞࡢṚࢆఏ࠼ࡿᚭࡢᡭ⣬ࡣ䣕࿃ጔ㙾䣖࠶ࡿ୍⠇ࡢᘬ⏝ࡽጞࡲ䣬࡚࠸ ࡞䣬࡚䣍ᘵࡢຊࢆᨭ࠼㞷ᯞࡢཱྀࡽࡧฟࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎 Ꮚ⋤䣔࠾࠸࡚䣍䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡘࡲࡾ㟷ᖺ䣍ᘵⓗ࡞ࡿᏑᅾࡣ䣍㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࡢ 297 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ࠸䣎 ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᚭࡍࢀࡤ⪺ࡁᙺᚭࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡋᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ㐪࠸࡞ ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓࡃ࡚䣍ヰࡋࡓࡇ䣔࡛䣍䣓ᚭࡋ䣍ヰࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ┦ᡭࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣔ࡶࡢ ┤᥋䣬ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀヰࡋࡓ㞷ᯞࡢᮾ᪑⾜ࡢෆᐜࡣ䣓ᚭ⪺࠸࡚࠾࠸࡚ ࡋࡴ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᘵ࠶ࡓࡿ㉥ࢇᆓࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࡞ࡃṚࢇࡔ 䣍ࡸࡸ␗ᖖぢ࠼ࡿぶᐦࡉࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎Ṛࢇࡔኵᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢẕࡢឤࡣ䣍 㡭ࡢヰ⇕୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛䣍ፉࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ⊋⊌࠼ࡎ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ ࡇࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀࡣ䣍࠼ࡤ䣓ኪࢆ᫂ࡍໃ࠸࡛䣍ẖᬌ䣍ேࡀᏊࡶࡔ䣬ࡓ 㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣔ᛮ࠺㟷ᖺࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓࢇࡔࡽࡡ䣔ㄒ䣬࡚䣍ፉ䣬࡚ࡢ∗ࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃ ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢࢆࡡࡓࡴࡔࡅ࡛䣍࠶ࡢேࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣ䣍࠾ࡆ࡛ࡇࡑࡇࡑࢃ ࡁࡢኵࡢゝືࡢᛣࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡇࢁ䣍ፉࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢ௰ ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ㟁ヰ࡛ࡶ┤᥋䣬ࡓ࡛ࡶᚭࡀጜᐤࡏࡿ䣓ᘵࡢឤ࠸࠺ࡶ ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡽࡍࡿ䣎 ᚭࡣ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓ࡇࡕࡽࡶ୰ᑛᑎ㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ࡛䣍 ࡢ䣔䣓ᅽಽࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚䣔࠸ࡓࡀ䣍⤖ᮎ㏆ࡃ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿ㟷ᖺࡶࡲࡓ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚ ࡿࡇࡣ✵㛫ⓗ㊥㞳ࢆࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ᖖែࡍࡿ⢭ ጜࡢ㛫స䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ጜࡣ⡆༢ࡣ࠼࡞࠸࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣛࣜఫࡳ⥆ࡅ ࡢሙྜࡶྠࡌ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ࡇࡕࡽࡢ᪉ࡢᘵࡣ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ࡲ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㊥㞳ࢆ ࡣགྷ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡑࡢᘵ ⢭ ⚄ ⓗ ␗ ᖖ ࡞ ࡲ ࡛ จ ᅛ ࡋ ࡓ ᙉ ࠸ ୍ ᛕࢆ ᢪ ࡃ ጜ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡣ ᘵ 䣬࡚ 䣓ᘵࡢឤ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣔ࡼ䣬࡚⨾⣖Ꮚࡾᅇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡶ䣍㞷ᯞᚭࡶྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 䣓୰ᑛᑎ㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ࡛䣍 ࡎ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣඹ᭷ࡍࡿ㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕུ∗ ∗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᒾ ᇛุ ᐁ ࡢ ྡ ᅇ ࡸ ⏕ ࡁ ู ࢀ ࡓ ẕ ࡢ ࠸ ࠺ ┠ ⓗ ࢆ ぢ ኻࢃ 䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓ䣎ேࡀ㎞࠸᪥ࠎࢆ⪏࠼࡚䣍 ࡞࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀඹ㏻ࡍࡿ㢧ⴭ࡞≉ᚩ࡛䣍ࡑࡶࡑࡶ䣍ㄝ⤒ ⧅ࡀࡾࢆᙉᅛಖ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡀẕ䣬࡚ࡢᘵࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ 㞃ࢀ࡚࠸䣍Ꮚࡶࡢ㡭ࢆᅇࡋ࡚࠸㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࢆ☜ㄆࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡛ ⚄ⓗⱞ③ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍䣬ࡓࡔࡅᏊࡶ௦㑏䣬 㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣔⪃࠼ࡿ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣍 ࡲࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࢇࡓࡓࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡦࡘࡋ㐪ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚䣍ࡶ࠺Ꮚࡳࡓ࠸࡞ 䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡢᮾࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝࡀዎᶵ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡣ䣍 ษ⪺ࡁࡓࡃ䣔ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍୍ே࡛㟷᳃ࢆ᪑⾜ࡋ࡚ᜍᒣࢆゼࢀࡓ⪥ࡋࡓ ឤࡌࡔ䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎࠶ࡓࡋࡶ䣍ᘵࢀࡔࡅຓࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡶ 䣓ி㒔ࡔ㜰ࡔ䣔ࡢゝⴥࢆヰࡍዪᏊᏛ⏕ࡽࡋ࠸ே㐃ࢀ䣓࢜ࢩࣛᵝ䣬 ࡢ䣎ᘵ䣬࡚࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣᑠࡉ࡞㡭䣍ྍឡࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡓศࢆ䣍ࡁࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡽ ࡚࠸࠺᱓ࡢᮌࡢேᙧࢆᣢ䣬࡚䣍㋀ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㤿࠾ጲᵝࡢᜊ≀ㄒࢆḷ䣬ࡓ䣔 ࡽ䣍∗ࡢᏑᅾࢆ㐲ࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓∗ぶࡢ࠶ࡢୡࡽࡢゝⴥࢆ③ ࡢ㛵ಀ┦ఝᙧ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ᗂ∗ࢆஸࡃࡋࡓࡇࡸẕぶࡀኵࢆ㠀㞴ࡍࡿࡇ Ꮚࡀࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ䣍ẕࡀㄒࡿ䣍ኵ⮬ศࡢᘵࡢ୕⪅ 㟷ᖺࡢ㛫グ᠈ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤㐃࡞ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎⨾⣖ ࡚グ᠈ࡢඹ᭷ࢆ☜ㄆࡋྜ࠺ᴦࡋࡳࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡑࡢᘵࢆຍ࠼࡚䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀࢆࡉࡽࡳ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺䣎 ᘵࡀ࠸ࡓࡽ䣍࠶ࢇࡓࡶࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᚰᙉ䣬ࡓࢁ࠺ࡡ࠼䣎ᘵ䣬࡚䣍࠸࠸ࡶ ࡢ࡞ࡢࡡ࠼䣎 ࡕ䣭ࢇ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡼ䣎࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶះ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡋࡡ࠼䣎 䥺 ࠸࠺ࢱࢥࡢヰࢆࡋ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣࡑࢀࢆ㏆ࡃ࡛⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹 䣓པ 13 ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 298 ࡢᅜ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔ࡞䣍 䥹୰␎䥺࡛ࡶ䣍ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㈇ࡅ ᏳಸẶ࡛ࡶ⸨ཎẶ࡛ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ᮾࡀࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽᮏᙜࡦࡘ ࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣎ᐙ᪘ࡣ䣍ኵ࡛࠶ࡾ∗࡛࠶ࡿసᴦࡀᮾᾏ㐨ᐤࡏࡿᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ ᐙ᪘ࡀᢚᅽ⨨ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀⷧ࠸䣎ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ⾲❧䣬࡚ᥥ ⚄ⓗⱞ③ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡔ䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ䣍 䣬ࡥ࡞ࡋ࡞ࢇࡔࢃ䣎⊁⊟ࡀᚓព࡛䣍ᘪ▮ࡀᙉࡃ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡔࡵࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡡ䣎 ᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡢⓎ⾲ᮇࡀᡓⰍࡀ⃰࠸ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࡣࡶ ࢆ⫼ᚋ࡛ᨭ࠼ࡿᙺࢆᢸ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔୪࡚ࡳࡿ䣍 䣕ᮾ 㞷ᯞࡼ䣬࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ䣍⊂⮬ࡢᩥࢆ᭷ࡋࡓᮾࡀ࠸䣓ᚁఆ䣔 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ㞷ᯞࡢᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡣจࡾᅛࡲࡾ䣍᫂ࡽᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⢭⚄≧ែ ࡣࡸ⌧ᐇࡢᮾᾏ㐨࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᡓព㧗ᥭ⨨ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ୍ᒙ᫂ 㞷ᯞᚭࡢጜᘵࡣ୧ぶࡢࡢ㛵ಀࡽேࡔࡅ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࡀከࡃ䣍➇࠺ ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡃ䣎సᴦࡓࡕࡢᛮ࠸ࡶఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀᙉ࠸㐪 ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺Ṕྐ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔ࡋ ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᮾࡢṔྐẸ㛵ࡍࡿᮏࢆㄞࡳ䣍㞷ᯞࡣ≉䣓๓ᵝࡢヰࡸ䣍 ឤࢆᢪࡏ࡞࠸ຊࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀྡᡤḷᯖⓗ࡞ఱࡶࡢ䣍 ࡽ࡞ࡿ䣎ᮾᾏ㐨ࡶᐙ᪘ࡶᡓព㧗ᥭࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ⨨ࡢ႘ࡋ࡚ࡋㄞࡵ࡞࠸䣎 ኳ≸ࡢヰ䣔 䣍 䣓ほ㡢ࡉࡲࡸᒣ⚄ࡉࡲࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿヰ䣔ࢆㄞࡳ䣍ᚭࡣ䣓࠾ࡤࡅࡢฟ ྡᡤḷᯖࢆᩥࡋ࡚⥅ᢎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃാࡃຊ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸䣎 㞷ᯞࡀ᫂ࡽᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⢭⚄≧ែ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ䣍㞷ᯞࡽࡢ㟁ヰᡭ ⣬ࡢෆᐜࡽ⨾⣖Ꮚࡶゎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎 ࡇࢁ䣍㜼ࢇࡔࡢࡣぶ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㢗ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᚭࡶ䣓ࡤࡤࡋ࠸䣔 ྠᵝ䣍ᙉ◳㜼ࡲࢀ䣍䣓ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㈇ࡅ䣬ࡥ࡞ࡋ䣔ࡢ⤖ᯝ⤊ࢃࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ ࡋ࠸䣔࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡋࡋࡑࢀࡣ䣍 䣓࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸⊂❧ᅜᐙ䣔 ࠸ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀᐙ᪘ࡢேࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ䣍༴ࡪࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ䣎 ⮬ศ࡛ᢞภ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍ࡉࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍㞷ᯞࡀ⨾⣖Ꮚᩆ ࡾࡲࡍ䣍ࡑࡇࡣ᭩࠸࡚࠶䣬ࡓ䣎㏻䣍୕㏻䣍ᡭ⣬ࡣ⥆࠸ࡓ䣎࣏ࢫࢺ ࡃ䣍࡞ࢇ࠸࠺㦁ࡂ᪉࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍⚾ࡢᐙ᪘࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ ୍㋾ࡉࢀࡿ䣎ᚭࡣᮾிࡢᏛࢆฟ࡚ࡑࡢࡲࡲᮾி࡛ᑵ⫋ࡋ䣍㞷ᯞࡢ䣓ぢᙇࡾ䣔 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ⌮ゎࡋࡃ࠸ゝⴥࡀ䣍ᡭ⣬ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 㐪࠸ࡣ䣍సᴦࡣᐙ᪘ࡼ䣬࡚ᗃ㛢ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍ᙼࡢᐙ᪘ࡶᙼࡽ⢭ సᴦࡀᮾᾏ㐨ᐤࡏࡿᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡶぢ᪉ࡼࢀࡤ㞷ᯞࡢ㢪࠸ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ᢚᅽ⨨࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࢸ䤀࣐ࡀ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡢᏊࡢ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡢ ࡍࡿ䣍㞷ᯞࡇࡑ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ࡢཎᅉ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇࡣᐙ᪘ࡀᙉ࠸ ࠸⮬యࡀ㞷ᯞࡢ⢭⚄ࢆ⼃ࡳ䣍ᐙ᪘ࢆ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ䣎ᐙ᪘ࡽ ࡓጜࡼ䣬࡚ࡾᅇࡉࢀࡿᐙ᪘䣍≉ᘵࡢጼࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿ䣎㟁ヰࡢᚋ࡛ᚭ ࡇࢁࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣔㞷ᯞࡢ≧ἣࢆఏ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ䣍␗ᖖ࡞ࡲ࡛ࡢ୍ᛕจࡾᅛࡲ䣬 ࡞ኌ䣔࡛ᨷࡵ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎᪸䣬࡚㟈࠼ࡓᚭࡢኌࡣ䣓ᐙ᪘ࡢ⪅ࡣࡑࢀ ᚭࡽ㟁ヰ࡛䣓↓㈐௵࡞ࡇࢆ䣍ጜゝࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣔䣓ᝒ㬆ࡢࡼ࠺ 䣓ᅜ㝿ࢫࣃᅋࡀᬯ㌍䣔பࠎ᭩ࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡍࡽཷࡅྲྀ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣍 ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ᗃ㛢⏕άࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿ䣎䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢሙྜ䣍㞷ᯞࡢᙉ࠸ᛮ ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞࡣ䣓⮬ศࢆ┳どࡍࡿᐙ᪘ࢆ࿚࠸䣍୍ே࡛እࡶฟࡽࢀ࡞ ᏛࡢᮾὒဴᏛ⛉⦅ධࡋ䣍ᚭே࡛䣓ே୕⬮࡛ຮᙉ࡛ࡁࡓࡽ䣍ࡍࡤࡽ ጼࡣ䣍Ꮚࡶࡢ㡭ࡽ᐀ᩍᣊ䣬ࡓ⮬ศࡀ▷༞ᴗᚋࡶᮾிṧ䣬࡚ᅄᖺไ ࡛ṔྐࢆᏛࡪࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ㄒ䣬ࡓ㞷ᯞࡀᥥࡃᮍ᮶ࡢጜᘵࡢ ࡚ࡃࡿヰࡀዲࡁ࡛䣍⪥࡞ࡋⰾ୍ࡢヰࡀ≉ዲࡁ䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚Ꮫ ࡚ࡢᮾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 299 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ 䢣䢣䥹୰␎䥺୕௦⚽⾮ࡀࡃࡲ䣬࡚䣍ᜥᏊࡢὈ⾮ࡀ㢗ᮅࢆᛧࢀ࡚⩏⤒ࢆ ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㛵ಀࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ⨾⣖Ꮚ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ᅜ ࡳ ࡓ ࠸ ࡔ 䣬 ࡓ ࢇ࡛ ࡍ 䣬 ࡚ 䣎 㔠 ࡣ ᥇ ࢀ ࡿ ࡋ 䣍 ࣛ ࣈ ⏘ ࡢ 㤿 ࡶ ᣢ 䢣 䢣 ࡇ ࡇ 䣬࡚ ࠸ ࠺ 䣍 ᮾ య ࡀ ࡑ ࡢ ⁛ ࡰ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ ࡼ 䣎 ࡑ ࢀ ࡲ࡛ ࡣ ẅࡋ䣍ࡇࢀࢆཱྀᐇ㢗ᮅࡀࡇࡇࢆ⁛ࡰࡋࡓ䣬࡚ࢃࡅ䣎 䣬࡚ᛶⓗࣃ䤀ࢺࢼ䤀࡛࠶ࡾࡘࡘᘵࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔⤖ᮎࡣ 䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣎㯤㔠ࡢᅜ࠸࠺ឤࡌࡡ䣎 ᖐᏯ㛫ࡀつ๎࡞㟷ᖺࢆᚅࡕࡘࡘ㣗ࡢ‽ഛࡸὙ℆䣍ᤲ㝖ࡸ⾰㢮ࡢ⧋࠸ ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᙉ࠸୍య㢪ᮃ࡛㛢ࡌࡿ䣎 ୰ ᑛ ᑎ ࡢ ⸨ ཎ Ặ ࡸ 䣍 ࡑ ࡢ ๓ ࡢ Ᏻ ಸ Ặ ࡶ ࢚ ࣑ ࢩ 䣬࡚ 䣍 ࡘ ࡲ ࡾ እ ᅜ ே ᢅ ࠸ ࡉ ᫇䣍ࡶࡶࡣ࢚࣑ࢩ䣬࡚᪥ᮏ᭩⣖࡞ࢇ࡛グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿཎఫẸࡀ ࢀ࡚ࡓࡇࡡ䣎࢚ࢰᚁఆ䣬࡚ゝ࠺࡛ࡋ䣯䣎࠶ࡢ࢚ࢰࡼ䣎 པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣᛮ࠸䣍␚ࡳ⤊ࢃ䣬ࡓ㟷 ᪥ ᮏ ࠸ ࡚ 䣍 ࡑ ࢀ ࡀ ࡔ ࢇ ࡔ ࢇ ࡢ ᪉ ㏣ ࠸ ワ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ 䣬 ࡚ 䣍 ᭱ ᚋ ≉ ࡇࡕࡽࡶ୰ᑛᑎ㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ࡛䣍㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑ ᖺࡢ⾰㢮ࢆぢࡘࡵࡓ䣎㒊ᒇ࠸ࡿ㛫䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ╔ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿỈⰍࡢࢺࣞ Ṧ ࡞ ᙧ࡛ ṧ 䣬 ࡓ ࡢ ࡀ ࢾ 䣍 ࣐ ࢱ ࢠ ࡞ ࡢ ࡶ ࡋ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࢇ ࡔ 䣬 ࡚ 䣎 ࡑ 䣓࠶ࡢ䣍ኟⲡࡸරࡶࡀ䣬࡚ࡇࢁ࡞ࡢࡡ䣔⨾⣖Ꮚࡀⰸⷀࡢ୍ྃࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ ࡶ䣍ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࡀ䣎 ࡁ ࡓ ࢇ ࡔ 䣬 ࡚ ࠸ ࠺ ヰ ࡔ ࡅ ࡡ 䣎 ᘵ ࡔ ࡅ ࡌ䣭 ࡞ ࡃ࡚ 䣍 ࡇ 䣬 ࡕ ࡢ ඛ ⏕ ࡞ ࢇ ࠺ ࠸ ࠺ ⫼ ᬒ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡽ 䣍 ࡎ 䣬 ᠾ ㎮ ᡓ த ࡢ ࡲ࡛ ᮾ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ 䣬 ࡚ 䤀ࢼ䤀ࡀ䣍⾰㢮ࡢ࠸ࡕࡤࢇୖ⨨࠸࡚࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓ࡇࡕࡽࡶ䣔࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍㞷ᯞᚭࡢேᑐࡋ࡚䣍࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚ㞷ᯞࡀ▷ᖺ⏕ࡢᚭࡣ㧗ᰯᖺ⏕࡞ࡢ࡛䣍ᅄ༑ṓ ࡣ ᖺ 㱋 ᕪ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࡍ ࡂ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ぢ࠼ ࡞ ࡃ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡀ 䣍 ᚭ 㐪 䣬࡚ ࡇ ࡢ 㟷 ᖺ ࡣ ⾰ᕝࡢྂᡓሙ㊧࡛ࡣ䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺㞷ᯞࡀ⇕䣬ࡱࡃᮾࡢṔྐࢆㄒࡿ䣎 ࡢ ⨾ ⣖ Ꮚ ༑ ௦ ࡢ ࡇ ࡢ 㟷 ᖺ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ Ᏻ ᑑ པ Ꮚ ⋤ ࡢ ጜ ᘵ ぢ ❧࡚ ࡿ 䣓Ꮚࡶ䣔ࡢᙺࡶᢸࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᚭࡢࡼ࠺䣓ࡃࡃᩍ࠼࡚ࡃ ࡢṔྐࡢከࡃࡣᚭࡽᚓࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢព࡛ࡣ㞷ᯞࡣṔྐࢆㄒࡾ⥅ ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍ጜᘵ࡛ᩍ࠼ᙺࡀ㏫࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞࡢཱྀࡽㄒࡽࢀࡿᮾ Ꮚㄒࡾ䣍ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ䣔࡛㟷ᖺヰࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࠸ ࡽ⛯㔠ࡣᡶࢃ࡞࠸ࡅ䣍ኳୗࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡽ䣍ᖸ ࡑࡢ࢜ࢧࡀ࠸ࡓࡢࡼ䣎ᏳಸẶࡶࡑࢀ࡛䣍ࡔࢇࡔࢇຊࢆ࠼࡚䣍ᮅᘐࡇࢀ ࡓࡽ䣎ಒᅃ䣬࡚࠸࠺䣍࠶ࡢᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ㝆అࡋࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍 ᏳಸẶ䣬࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ᒾᡭ┴୍ᖏࢆ⊂❧ᅜࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡇࡋ࡚ᰤ࠼࡚࠸ ࡄ௰⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡶࡲࡓ௰⪅࡞ࡿࡇࡀண࿌ࡉࢀ ΅ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞䣬࡚ゝ䣬ࡓࢃࡅ䣎䥹୰␎䥺᭦┒ᒸࡢ᪉ࡲ࡛ᏳಸẶࡀ㏨ࡆ ࢀࡿ䣔ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎ᚭࡽᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓᮾࡢṔྐࢆ㞷ᯞࡀ⨾⣖ ࡓ⤖ᮎ࠸࠼ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ䣍㟷ᖺᮾࡢṔྐࡣㄒࡾ⥅ࡀࢀ䣍⨾ 䥺 ࡢࡧ࡚䣍ࡑࡇ࡛⁛ࡋࡓࡢࡼ䣎ࡔࡽ䣍࠶ࡓࡋࡓࡕ䣬࡚ࡣᏳಸẶࡢ᪉ 㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿᮾࡢṔྐࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࡀ㌟㏆࡞ឤࡌࡡ䣎 䥹 ⣖Ꮚࡶㄒࡾ⥅ࡄ௰⪅䣍ㄒࡾ㒊࡞ࡿ䣎 300 12 ࠸ᡭ⣬ࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀཷࡅྲྀࡿࡲ࡛⥆࠸ࡓ䣎ᡭ⣬ࡢᕪฟேࡣ㞷ᯞࡢ୕ṓୗࡢᘵ䣍 ᚭ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢⓎࡢ᰿ᗏ࠶ࡿࡢࡣྡᡤḷᯖࢆ㐀ࡋࡓࡢྠࡌࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 సᴦࡽస୰ே≀ࡣ᠄ࡽᮾᾏ㐨ࡢྐ㊧ࢆṌ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᘵࡢཔᏊ⋤┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢࡣᚭ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᘵ࡛⏘ࡲࢀ࡚ࡍࡄṚࢇ࡛ ᐙ᪘ࡀࢸ䤀࣐࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ጜࡢᏳᑑ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢࡣ㞷ᯞ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣࡑࡢ㢟ྡࡢࡲࡲጜᘵ㛵ಀࡀࢸ䤀࣐ࡢ୍ࡘ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ ࡢ ఏ ⤫ ࠶ 䣬࡚ ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡣ ᐇ 㝿 ⾜ ࡃ ࡇ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ീ ୡ ⏺ ࡢ ୰࡛ ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ㉥ࢇᆓ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡢᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡢུ∗࠶ࡓࡿࡇࡢே≀ࡣ 䥺 ࡇࡑពࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡘࡲࡾᚋᬒ䥹㠀ᅾ䥺ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 䣓୕༑௦ࡢ࡞ࡤ࡛࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣛࣜΏ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍⡆༢࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠼࡞ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡳ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 䥹 㒔ࡀி㒔࠶ࢀࡤᮾᅜࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡋ࡚⁻Ἡࡢ᠄ࡢᆅ࡞ࡾ䣍㒔ࡀᮾி ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣔࠸࠺䣎⤖ᮎ㏆ࡃ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿྡ๓ࡀ࡞࠸㟷ᖺࡶཔᏊ⋤ ༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣᩥࡢாཷྐ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡽࡢㄞࡳࢆᚿྥࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺సရ࡞ ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᣍ᮶ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨 ᾏ㐨࠸࠺⾤㐨ࡀ㐀ࡋࡓᩥྐ䣍ࡑࢀࡣṔྐⓗᩥⓗᙉ࡞ᶒጾࢆࡶ䣬 ࠺ᩥᏛసရࡣࡑࢀぢᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍ࡉࡽ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡢసရ⮬యࡀᮾ Ꮚࡶ䣬ࡱࡉᇳ╔ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ䣔ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ㟷ᖺࡢ䣓Ꮚࡶ䣬ࡱ ࡓ䣔࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓㟷ᖺࡣ㟷ᖺ࡛䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀᮍࡔ㐣࡞ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ ᑐࡋ࡚䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣓Ꮚࡶࡢ㡭ࡽ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽᣢ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ࠶䣬 ❺㢦䣔࡛䣍䣓➗࠺䣍ᮏᙜᏊࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢦࡞䣬࡚䣔࠸࠺ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺ ⨾⣖Ꮚ䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ༢࡞ࡿᜊே࠸࠺Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎䣓ࡶࡶ ┦ᙜࡍࡿ࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸䣎 ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡣᶒጾࡢᙉ࠸୍యᚿྥࢆ㞃ࡋᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ᡓⰍࢆᙉࡵࡿ ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䥺 ேࡢᑡዪ䣔ࡢ้⾲ࡍࡽㄪ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞↓ㅛ࡞ᚅࡕྜࢃࡏࡽጞࡲ䣬ࡓ᪑ ጞࡲࡿ䣎ㄒࡾࡢ⌧ᅾࡽࡍࡿ༑ᖺ௨ୖࡶ๓ࡢࡇ࡛䣍䣓௦㞳ࢀࡢࡋࡓ ᪥୍ᗘࡣ䣍ࡑࡇ❧ࡕᐤࡿࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ㒊ᒇࡢᐙ㈤ࡢ༙ศࢆ䣍 ࡕ䣯࠺୰㛫Ⅼ࠶ࡓࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ㹂㹉ࡢ࣐ࣥࢩ䣼ࣥ❧ࡕᐤ䣬ࡓ䣎 ᚭࡢᡭ⣬ࢆཷࡅྲྀ䣬ࡓ⩣᪥䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ♫ࡀ㏥ࡅ࡚ࡽ䣍♫ᐙࡢ ࡣᛮ࠸ࡶࡼࡽ࡞࠸ࣁࣉࢽࣥࢢぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨୰⭸ᰩẟ䣖ࡢᘺ ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀཷࡅᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡇఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡣ䣍୍ேࡢ䣍ࡲࡔ༑௦ 䥹 པ Ꮚ ⋤ ࡢ ேࡀ ࠸ 㢦 ࢆ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡁ ࡢ ᖾ ⚟ ឤ 㔜 ࡡ ࡽ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡎ࠸ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ࡼ࠺䣍ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛ᗂ࠸Ᏻᑑ ࡢᗂࡉࡔࡅࡀ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ㏻࠸ྜ࠺䣔ࡋ䣍 䣓ࡑࢀ௨ୖᴦࡋ࠸≧ែࡶ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ ࡉ䣔ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣓ே࡛㢦ࢆぢྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡶࡍࡿ䣍࠸ ὠᓥభᏊࡢ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍▷ᮇᏛᖺ⏕࡛ᮾிఫࡴ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣍┒ᒸ ฟ ㌟ ࡢ ྠ ⣭ ⏕࡛ ኟ ఇ ࡳ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡛ ᖐ ┬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㞷 ᯞ ୍ ࣀ 㛵࡛ ᚅ ࡕ ྜ ࢃ ḟ႐ከ㐨୰ࡢࡈࡃ䣓ࡤ࡞ࡇࡤ䣬ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪑⾜䣔ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ேࡢ ࡢ㟷ᖺࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎༙ᖺ๓䣍ே࡛ヰࢆỴࡵ䣍㟷ᖺࡀ㉺ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎 ࡏ䣍㞷ᯞࡢᐇᐙ࡛ࡢᐟἩࢆྵࡵ࡚ᮾࡢྡᡤᪧ㊧ࢆゼࡡ࡚ࡲࢃࡿࡇࢁࡽ ࡣ㐃⤡ࡀ㏵⤯࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ாᖺᅄ༑࠸࠺㞷ᯞࡢṚࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ㛗 11 ᅄ ௦࠶䣬࡚ࡣእᮧࡀᣦࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣓♽ᅜឡ䣔᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎 ྡᡤḷᯖࡼ䣬࡚ᩥࡢாཷྐࡀసࡽࢀ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࠸ ⛣䣬࡚ࡽࡣி㒔ࡇࡑࡀ✲ᴟⓗ࡞ྡᡤḷᯖ࡞䣬ࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡋ࡚䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࡀ䣓ឡᅜ⢭⚄ࢆ⌧ࡍሙᡤࡳ࡞ࡍⓎࡀᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≧ἣ䣔ࡀ 301 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࠸ࡀ䣍ே⏕࠸࠺᪑࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣓⚾䣔ྠࡌࡼ࠺ኵࡢⰋࡁ䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡛࠶䣬 ࡶࡘ䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎సᴦࡢጔࡣኵᐇ㝿ࡢ᪑ฟ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞ ྠᒃࡋࡓ⪁∗ឤࡉࢀ࡚䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔࡞ࡾ䣍ࡋࡶᮍ᮶ࡢ᪂どぬࢆ ㌟ࡣ➉ᩪఝࡓࡿ࡞䣔ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚䣓ᮾᾏ㐨㐢Ṕయᑠㄝࡢ୍ࡘ➉ᩪ≀ㄒ ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢඹ᭷ࢆᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣓ே䣔ࡀⰸⷀࡢ䣓ᮌᯤࡽࡋࡢ ࢪ䣔ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕㄞ⪅ࡶస୰ே≀䣓⚾䣔ࡶ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ ➉ᩪዪ➉ᩪ࡛ࡍ䣔ᛂࡌࡓࡼ࠺ඹ᭷ࡋ䣍ඹ᭷ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣓⚾䣔 ࠸ࡩࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࡼ䣔䣓⚾䣔ゎㄝࡋࡓࡁ䣍䣓⚾䣔ࡣ䣓࡛ࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⏨ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞∗Ꮚ䥹∗ᜥᏊ䥺ࡼࡿᖌᘵ㛵ಀ䣍䣓ຓᡭ䣔䥾ዪᛶ࠸࠺ᙉᅛ ࡣດຊࡋ䣍㛵ᐟ࡛ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺䣍ඹ᭷࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣓ே䣔ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ ࡓゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎 ࡞⧅ࡀࡾ䣍ࡇࡢࡘࡼࡿᩥ㑇⏘ࡢ⥅ᢎᑐࡋ࡚䣍ㄞ⪅ࡀࡁ࡞㐪ឤࡶ ᯝࡋ࡚䣓ࡲ࠶ྩࡣዪࡔࡽࡡ䣔ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡶ䣍ඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ䣓ᾆᒣࡋ ࡇࡢࡇࢆ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡣ䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔 ࡞ࡃ✜ࡸ࠸ࡘࡢ㛫ཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ᪑Ṕྐࡢ᪑ࡀ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠸䣍㐣ཤࡢᐇᅾࡢே≀ࡶ ࡢ౫Ꮡࡼ䣬࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡇ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡃ䣔ᛮ࠺ࡔࡅ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 ⌧ᅾࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶᵓୖࡢே≀ࡶ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃ䣍ேࠎࡣⓙ䣍Ṕྐⓗ㛫ࡢ ࡇ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㝖ࢆෆᅾࡉࡏࡓⓎ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞㛵㐃 ࡢ᪑ࡀ㕲㊰ࢆ㉮ࡿỶ㌴ࡢ᪑䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࢆṌࡃ᪑࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ୖ࡛⧅ࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡃ䣎⥴ⓗ☜ࡉࡼ䣬࡚ࡑࢀࢆ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣍ᐇᙉᅛ࡞䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࡢ౫Ꮡ䣍࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㝖ࢆෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡛ ㄞ⪅ࡣࡑࡢὶࢀ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ㐪࠸࡞࠸䣎 ௬䣍ᚐṌ㒊ศࡢ⾜ඛࡀྡᡤḷᯖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ṔྐⓗᩥⓗⰍᙬࡀ ᡤ࡛࠶䣬࡚ࡶ䣍ㄞ⪅ࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡀᨺࡘ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࡢ ࡿゝ࠼ࡿ䣎እᮧᙲࡣ᪥⳹ኚࡇࢁࡢᮾᾏ㐨ほࢆ㈨ᩱࡼ䣬࡚㎺ࡿࡇ࡛䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࢀࡣᐇᕦጁ࡞᪉ἲ࡞䣬࡚䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ୰ㄏࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎䥹㸷䥺ḷ࠾࠸࡚䣍 䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢඹ సᴦࡽࡢ䣓ி㒔ᛮះ䣔ࡢពࢆၥ࠸䣍 ᤞ㇟ࡉࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࡇࡀⓏሙே≀䣬࡚ࡓ࠼ព࠶ࡿሙ ᭷ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ャ ࡳ ᡭ ࡀ ᮃࡴ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㔜 ᒙ ᛶ ࢆ ࡶ 䣬 ࡓ ゎ 㔘 ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ ༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡑࡇࡲࡘࢃࡿྂᩥᏛࡸఏᢎࡢୡ⏺࠸࠺せ⣲ࢆ ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡘ⮳ࡿࡣ࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡶぢฟࡏࡼ࠺䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨 ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ㔜࡞ࡿࡇ࡛䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡞ࡾ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ ࡢ㇟ᚩࡢᆅࡋ࡚ᥥࡇ࠺࠸࠺స⪅ࡢពᅗࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡶ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ䣎 䥹୰ ሙ ᡤ ࢆ స ୰࡛ ᚋ ᬒ 䥹 㠀 ᅾ 䥺 ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 䣍 ௦ ࢃ ࡾ ᮾ ᾏ 㐨 ࢆ ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾᚓ ࡓ࠸࠺ ゎ㔘ࡀྍ⬟ ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿ䣎࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ ி㒔࠸ ࠺ ᮾ ᾏ 㐨 ࡣ ྂ ᩥ ࡢ 㞟 ✚ ᆅ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ྠ 䣍 ♽ ᅜ ឡ ࢆ ࡶ Ⓨ ື ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ሙ Ḟࡅࡤ䣍㊃ⓗே⏕⏕ࡁࡿࡇࢆチࡉࢀࡓ䣍Ⰻࡃゝ࠼ࡤ⮬⏤ேࡢ∗ࡸኵ ␎ 䥺 ⤊ ࢃ ࡿࡇ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ ♽ ᅜ ឡ ࡢ ⢭ ⚄ ࡀ ᣢ ⥆ ࡍ ࡿ ᵝ ែ ࡢ 㞃 ႘ ㄞ ࡳ ࠺ ࡿ ࡼ ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ኚဴࡶ࡞䣬ࡓᐇᅾࡢሙᡤࡀㄞࡳᡭࡓࡕࡼ䣬࡚ព࠶ࡿሙᡤ ࡁ࡞ᖹ‶ࡶゝࢃࡎࡁྜ䣬࡚䣍ከᑡࡢ‶ࡣᜥᏊࡢᮇᚅࡢ୰ゎ ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 సရྡࡀ➃ⓗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀 ᾘࡋ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ே⏕ᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿ⮳ࡿዪᛶࡢ༙⏕グ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 302 Ꮚ䥹∗ᜥᏊ䥺㛵ಀࡼࡿᩥ㑇⏘ࡢ⥅ᢎࡀᥥࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡉࡽ䣍∗ Ꮚ࠸࠺ࡓࡔࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᖌᘵ㛵ಀⓗⰍᙬࢆᖏࡧࡓ∗Ꮚ䥹∗ᜥᏊ䥺 ᑠᯇࡀ⧅ࡈ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍⾤㐨ᐦ᥋⤖ࡧ࠸ࡓᩥࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ᚋୡ ாཷࡋ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐⓗႠⅭࢆ࠸࠺䣎 䣓⚾䣔ࡢ∗ࡸ䣓ே䣔 䣍సᴦࡸࡑࡢᜥᏊࡢ ࡘࡲࡾ⾤㐨࠸࠺✵㛫䣍䣓ሙ䣔࠾࠸࡚㐀ࡉࢀࡓᩥࡉࡽࡑࡢᩥࢆ 㐨ࢆୖࡾୗࡾࡋࡓࡾ⁻Ἡࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓேࠎࡼ䣬࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᩥⓗ㑇⏘䣍 ࢀࡀ䣓⚾䣔࠶䣬ࡓࡇࢆㄒࡽࡏ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍䣓⚾䣔ࡢ༙⏕グࡢ⤖ࡧࡀ䣍 ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣔䣍䣓ຓᡭ䣔‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍⊂ⓗ࡞సࡢ ࡚ࢄࡿࡇࡣ䣍⤮ࡣࡍࡇࡤࡾࡋ࡚䣍⮬ศࡢᛮࡘࡓࡇࡀᥥࡅ࡞ࡘࡓ ࡚䣓ᶆᮏࡢ⏕䣔 䣓ᶆᮏⓗࡢ⏬ࡤࡾ䣔ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓ࡶṧᛕᛮࡘ Ꮚ࡛࠶䣬࡚ࡶዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࡀࡇࡢ⥅ᢎ㛵࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ䣓ຓᡭ䣔ࡋ 㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ḷ⯙ఄ࡞ࡢఏ⤫ⱁ⬟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ⧅ ࡈ ࠺ ࡍ ࡿ ⇕ ព ⮬ ࡽ ࢆ ࡑ ࡢ ᩥ ࡢ ா ཷ ྐ ࡢ ୰ ᢞ ࡌ ࡼ ࠺ ࡍ ࡿ ព ᚿ࡛ 䣓ே䣔᱓ྡྥ࠺㌴୰࡛䣍䣓ேࡣᛌࡆᒃ╀ࡾࢆࡋ࡚ࢄࡿ䣎ᑡࡋぢ ࡀㄒࡿࡢࡣ䣍ᖺ⪁࠸࡚ྠᒃࡋࡓ∗ࡢ⾤㐨Ṍࡁࡁྜ࠺ࡇ࡛䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔 ࡚Ꮚࡋ࡚ᙜ↛ᢪ࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺∗ࡢၥࡸᢈุࢆᑠᯇㄒࡽࡏ࡞࠸䣎ᑠᯇ ࡓᩥࡑࡢாཷྐ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡺ࠼䣍⾤㐨ࡢ⁻Ἡ⪅࡞䣬ࡓసᴦᑐࡋ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡀᥥࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍⾤㐨࠸࠺✵㛫࠾࠸࡚㐀ࡉࢀ ாཷࡣ∗Ꮚࡼ䣬࡚ᮍ᮶ྥ䣬࡚⥅⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿ䣎 グࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚䣍ᮾᾏ㐨࠸࠺⾤㐨ࡀ㐀ࡋ࡚᮶ࡓᩥࡢ ᮾᾏ㐨㨩ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ䣓⚾䣔ኵㄒࡿࡼ࠺䣍సᴦ∗Ꮚࡢ༙⏕ ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᚋ༙࡛సᴦࡢᜥᏊ࡛࠶ࡿᑠᯇᢏᖌࡀⓏሙࡋ䣍∗ྠࡌࡼ࠺ᪧ ᛶࡀ∗ኵࡼ䣬࡚䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡃ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᙧ࡞䣬࡚࠸ ᮾᾏ㐨ࡢ㨩ຊᅃࢃࢀࡓேࢆ㛫ࡢὶࢀࡢ୰ᥥࡁ䣍 䣓⚾䣔࠸࠺୍ேࡢዪ ௦ࢃ䣬࡚䣓ᶆᮏࡢ⏕䣔ࢆ䣓ዪᏊ⨾⾡ฟࡢேࢆ㞠ࡘ࡚㈔ࡘ࡚䣔࠶ࡿࡢࡶ䣍 Ꮚࡢ㡢ᴦᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿぢ࡚ࡼ࠸䣎⫱ඣከᛁ࡞䣓⚾䣔 స᭤ᐙ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡢᘵᏊࡍࡿࡃ䣍ᜥ ࡿࡼ࠺ࡣタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍䣓⚾䣔ࡣࡇࡢᜥᏊࢆ㡢ᴦᏛᰯࡢ ౪䣔ࡣ䣓Ꮚ౪ࡢ୰䣔࡛ࡶ䣓⏨ࡢᏊ䣔ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚䣍䣓⚾䣔㡢ᴦⓗᡯ⬟ࡀ࠶ ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ẕ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞䣬ࡓ⊂ᛶࡢⓎࢆᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ䣓Ꮚ 㛫ࢆ୍ேసࡾᗘ࠸㦵ᢡࡘ࡚ࢄࡿ䣔࠸࠺ࡼ࠺䣍⌧ᅾࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡢ୰྾࠸ ᭤ᐙ❧࡚䣔 䣍 䣓ඡゅ䣍⮬ศࡢ⬚ࡽฟࡿࡶࡢࢆᛮࡩࡲ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿே ࡞‶ࡍࡽ䣍 䣓Ꮚ౪ࡢ୰ࡢ୍ே࡛㡢ᴦዲࡁࡢ⏨ࡢᏊ䣔ࡀ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡑࡢᏊࢆ䣓స ᭷ࡋࡓᖾ⚟࡞㛫ࡣỌ㐲⥆ࡃㄞ⪅ᛮࢃࡏࡿ䣎 䣓⚾䣔ࡀᢪࡃࡉࡉࡸ Ỷ㌴䣬࡚ ࠼ฟࡋࡓࡘࡴࡌࡢⓑ㧥ࡀࡣࡡ࡚ගࡿ䣎䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺䣍ࡲࡉ䣍ே⏕࠸࠺ ࡢ௰㛫ධࡾࢆࡋࡓࡇ䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࢆ䣓᪥ᮏࡢ୍ほග㐨➽䣔ࡍࡿࡇࢆ䣓⏕ 䣓ຓᡭ䣔䥾ዪᛶ࠸࠺ᙉᅛ࡞⧅ࡀࡾࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣓⚾䣔࠸࠺ዪᛶࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᙧᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚䣍∗ Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣍ࡕࡽࡶࡁ࡞㞀ᐖ࡞ࡃᩥ㑇⏘ࡢⓎᒎⓗ⥅ᢎࡀᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣓⚾䣔ࡼ䣬࡚⤖ࡤࢀࡓ⩏∗Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣍సᴦᑠᯇ࠸࠺∗ ุⓗ࡞ゝཬࡣஈࡋ࠸䣎ᜥᏊࡢᑠᯇࡣ∗ࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍 ࡣ࠸࠼䣍ᐙᗞࢆษࡋࡓኵ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ∗࡛ࡶ࡞࠸సᴦࡢᐙ᪘ࡽࡢᢈ సᴦࡢጔᏊࡢ᪉┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍ᐙ᪘ࢆ⤒῭ⓗᅔ❓㝗ࢀ࡞䣬ࡓ 䥹㸶䥺 ୍⥴᪑ࡋ࡚᮶ࡓ୰ᖺኵ፬ࡢᖾ⚟࡞ே⏕䣍ࡘࡲࡾேࡀඹ ᾭࡢᴗࡋࡓ࠸䣔࠸࠺ࡇ䣍ࡘࡲࡾᩥ㑇⏘ࡢⓎᒎⓗ⥅ᢎ࠸࠺᫂ࡿࡉ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣍స୰࡛䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔䣓࠾௰㛫䣔ࡤࢀࡿ䣍ᪧ ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡇࡢ䣓▱䣔ࡣ䣍⾤㐨ࡢ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡢ୰࡛䣍⮬ࡽᮃࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅗࡽࡎࡶ⾤ ࡛ࡢㆡΏ࡛࠶䣬ࡓゝ࠼ࡿ䣎 ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⤖፧ࡣ䣍ᖌࡀᣢࡘᪧᮾᾏ㐨ࡲࡘࢃࡿ䣓▱䣔ࡢᘵᏊࡢ࡞ࡲ 303 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࢆ᭱ึࡽෆᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⅬ䣍ャࡳ㎸ࡴሙᡤࡣ↓సⅭ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃつ⠊༶ 㢮ᆺ࡞ࡋࡣព⩏ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔 ࡿ࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ ࡲࡓ䣍࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡸ⾲⌧ࡣሙྜࡼ䣬࡚ࡣ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ⓗ࡞ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍ࡇࡢⓎࡢᙉᅛࡉࡣ㦫ࡃ࡛࠶ࡿゝࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸䣎䥹㸴䥺 ࡣᩥᏛ୍⯡ࢆ㉸࠼࡚䣍࠼ࡤྡᡤྐ㊧࡛࠶ࢀࡤᅵ⏘ရ࡞ࡶᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔䣓౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿ䣔ࡇࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡢὶᇦ ࠶ࡿࣔࣀࡢ㞄᥋ᛶᣐ䣬࡚Ⓨࡍࡿ䣔࠸࠺ࡇࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎䣓ᶒ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚䣍⊃⩏ࡢḷᯖୖグసရࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ୰ᚰᤣ࠼࡚⪃ᐹ ࠺᪉ἲ䣍㛫ࢸࢡࢫࢺᛶ࡞ࢆḷᯖⓗᛶ᱁ࡋ࡚ࡽ࠼䣍ḷᯖࡢᴫᛕࢆᣑࡋ ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ྂᩥᏛసရࡢཷᐜ⥅ᢎࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿຊࡸᘬ⏝࠸ ຍ࠼࡚ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼䣍ෆᅾࡋࡓᬯ㯲ࡢゎࡸ⌮ゎࡢࡳ ࠼ࡢ⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡲࡵ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸䣎䥹㸵䥺 ᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ䣍୍᪉࡛䣍ᗈ⠊ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎࡍࡿࡀࡺ ጾ῝ࡃࢃࡿ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛䣍䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࢆ᭱ึࡽෆ ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡀ䣍⊃࠸⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡢࡇࡀ㠀ᖖ㛗࠸㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ᗈ⠊ᅖர䣬ࡓ ࣑䤀⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡣಶேࡸ௰㛫ෆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡈࡃ⊃࠸⠊ᅖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ྲྀࡾࡶ㛫ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㠃࡛ࡢ⪃ᐹࡘ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣὠᓥభᏊ䣕པᏊ⋤䣖ࡀዲ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡶᮏḷ ࡘࡢᣦࡢ࠺ࡕ๓⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᒸᮏࡢᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡀ䣍ᚋ⪅ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢ≉㉁ࡢ⌮ゎࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉⏝࠸᪉ࢆၥ㢟ࡋࡓ࠸䣎ඛࡢ ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎సࡢሙࡸாཷࡢሙ࡛㝖ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ⓗゝ࠼ࡿ䣎࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡸ࣓ࢺࢽ ࡓࡵࡣ㢮ᆺࡉࢀࡓⓎᙧᘧࡸ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ⩦⇍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ࡑ ࢀࡣࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㢮ᆺᶒጾࢆ㐍ࡵ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔࠸࠺ḞⅬ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣᪧᮾᾏ㐨࠸࠺✵㛫ࢆ⯙ྎࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⾤㐨㨩ࡏࡽ ☜ࡑࢀࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡢḞⅬࡣ㐪࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴ ࢀࡓேࠎࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ▷⦅࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⾤㐨㨩ࡏࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ጔᏊࢆᤞ࡚࡚⁻Ἡࡢ ୕ ྥ䣔ࡣ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ㢮ᆺࡋࡓⓎࡸ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼䣍ᗈ⠊ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసᴦࡀゝ࠺䣓ᔐࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࡽᢤࡅࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡐ䣔 ࡸ䣓㣩 ࢆ⏕ࡴ䣎 ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ᙧᡂྥࡅࡽࢀࡓᮇ㛫ࡣ᪥ ࡘࡓ⽥ࡢࡸ࠺࡞ࡿ䣔࠸࠺ゝⴥ㏻ࡾ䣍ㄒࡾᡭࡢ䣓⚾䣔ࡶࡲࡓ⾤㐨ࡢ㨩ຊ ᑟࡁᡭࡣ䣓⚾䣔ࡢ∗䣓ே䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ኵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓ே䣔ࡣ∗ࡣᖌᘵ࡛ ᮏᩥᏛࡢṔྐ࠾࠸࡚▷ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍⇕ពࡢᡂᯝࡣᾘ࠼ཤࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⏕ࡁ⥆ ࡢ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ㝈⏺༴࠺ࡉ┠ࢆྥࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍 ࠶ 䣬 ࡓ 䣎 ᘵ Ꮚࡣ ᖌ ࡀ ⵔ 㞟 ࡋ ࡓ ᪧ ᮾ ᾏ 㐨 㛵ࡍ ࡿ ᩘ ࠎ ࡢ ရ Ꮫ ㆑ ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ៰ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ䣎 ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼ䣬࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ࡿ䣓㢮ᆺ䣔ࡸ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ 䣓▱䣔ࡑࢀࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ䣓㈨ᩱ䣔ᖌࡢፉࢆㆡࡾཷࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎∗ࡣፉ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᛮ࠼ࡤ䣍ḞⅬࡤࡾࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸୍㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡇ ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡇࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡃᚲ ࡢ⤖፧ࡼ䣬࡚䣓▱䣔ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎඃ⚽࡞䣓ຓᡭ䣔ࢆࡶㆡࡾཷࡅࡓࡇ࡞ ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࢆ∗ࡢඃ⚽࡞䣓ຓᡭ䣔ࡋ࡚⫱࡚ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛䣍ᘵᏊࡣ䣓⚾䣔 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⥴ⓗ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡀ᰿ᮏⓗ㢮ᆺᶒ せࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎䣓ḞⅬ䣔ࢆ⏕ࡴཎᅉࢆ㏫⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲゝ࠼ࡿ䣎 304 ḷᖌࡼ䣬࡚సࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔 ᙧᡂࡢ⇕ពࢆ♧ࡍࡶ䣍ࡑࡢ⇕ពࡇࡑࡀ䥹භ䥺࠸࠺䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸ ࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࢆ⏕ࡴࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ඛ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺䣍䣓ᨾᐇ䣔ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㐃⤖ࡼ䣬࡚ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺≉ู࡞ ᆅ䣍ሙᡤ࡞ࡿࡋࡓࡀ䣍㐃⤖ࡣ㞄᥋ゝ࠸࠼࡚ࡶࡼ࠸䣎࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀ䣓ᨾ ḷ䣔ࡢ㡯࡛ࡣ䣓ྡᡤḷࡣ༢ᆅྡࢆ↓సⅭャࡳ㎸ࡴࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ྡᡤ 䣓㐂ᆏ䣔䣓㐂࠺䣔 䣍ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䥹୕䥺䥹䥺㛵㐃ࡋ࡚䣍 䣓ྡᡤ 䥹䥺ࡢලయⓗ⏝ἲࡣ䣍ձࡀ㱟⏣ᕝ⣚ⴥ䣍ղࡀྂࡧࡓ㛗ࡢᶫ䣍ճࡀ ࡢ㆜႘ḷࢆධࡾཱྀࡋ࡚႘ࡢཎ⌮ࢆḷ⾲⌧㔜ࡡ࡚ࡳࡿࡇࢆࡋ䣍ࡑࡢㄽ ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢཎ⌮ࡣ㞄᥋ᛶᣐ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹㸲䥺⳥ụጾ㞝ࡣ䣕ⴥ㞟䣖 ࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺䣎ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ࡣࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ ሙᡤ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⓎࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ႘ⓗ ᐇ䣔ࡢ㛫ᙉᅛ࡞㞄᥋ᛶࢆࡶ䣬ࡓࡁ䣍ࡑࡢሙᡤࡣྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺≉ู࡞ ࡢࡶࡘᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚䣍୍㤳య㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡓࡏ䣍వ ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎 ḷᏛࡢ℃ṳ࡛࠶ࡿ䣕ḷ⤒ᶆᘧ䣖ࡢ᭱ࡶ㈗㔜࡞ᡂᯝࡣ䣍䣓᪂ព䣔ࡀ䣓ྂ 䥹႘䥺䣔ࡼ䣬࡚ࢃࢀࡿ࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࡢⓎ᥀࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ᅜࠎࡢḷᯖᩘࡶ▱ࡽࡎከࢀ䣍ࡑࡢḷࡢጼࡋࡓࡀࡦ࡚ャࡴࡁᡤࡢ࠶ࡿ 㧗ᶫࡣࡌࡵ㢮ࡶࡳ࡞㬞㛗᫂䣕↓ྡᢒ䣖ࡽ䣓ྡᡤࢆྲྀࡿࡣᨾᐇ࠶ࡾ䣎 ࡢᇶᮏᆺ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍䣓ᐤ≀䣔ࡣ䣓ྂ䣔ࡢᙺࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ྂ௬ྡ ᰿ᣐᤣ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ࡞ࡽࡎ䥹୰␎䥺ⴥࡢᐤ≀㝞ᛮࡣࡲࡉḷ⾲⌧ ࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎႘ࡣ␗⏺ࡢࣔࣀ䣍ࡑࡢᶒጾࢆᚰࡢ ḷ⾲⌧ࡢᇶᮏࡣ䣍௨㝆ࡢḷᏛࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺䣍ᶒጾ࠶ࡿ ࡞ࡾ䣔ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡼ࠺䣍࠶ࡿᅵᆅࡣ䣓ᨾᐇ䣔ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㐃⤖ࡼ䣬࡚ྡᡤḷ ᗎࡢ䣓ぢࡿࡶࡢ⪺ࡃࡶࡢ䣔ࡶྠᵝ࡛䣍ࡑࢀ䣓ࡘࡅ࡚䣔ḷ࠺ࡇࡀⓎࡢ ࡛࠶ࡾ㞞ࡧࡢつ⠊࡛࠶ࡿḷᯖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ⏕ࡳࡔࡋ䣍ࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚Ⓨ ᯖ࠸࠺≉ู࡞ሙᡤ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧ⨾ព㆑ࡢつ⠊ ྡᡤḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࢇࡔḷࡣ䣍ャࡳᡭࡶ⪺ࡁᡭ䥹ㄞࡳᡭ䥺ࡶ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ ࡍࡿャ㢼ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓḷ⾲⌧ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣ䣍ᮏḷྲྀࡾ ᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓḷ⾲⌧ࡢⓎ⏕ⓗ࡞ᵝᘧࡣ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚⨾ព㆑ࡢලయീ ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࡢ୰࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔 ࠸࠺ᡭἲࡲ࡛ᆅ⥆ࡁࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䥹㸳䥺 ࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎㙊ᮎᮇࡽ༡ᮅᮇࡅ࡚⦅⧩ࡉࢀࡓከ㔞ࡢྡᡤḷ 㞟ࡣసḷ౽ぴ࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡋ䣍ᐊ⏫ᮇ௨㝆ࡣᡭᘬ᭩ࢆවࡡࡓ㒊࡞ྡᡤḷ㞟ࡀ㐃 ⳥ụࡢゝ࠺䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ䣔ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣓ᶒጾ ࡢ ඹ ᭷ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ャ ࡳ ᡭ ࡀ ᮃࡴ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㔜 ᒙ ᛶ ࢆ ࡶ 䣬 ࡓ ゎ 㔘 ࡣ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡣ㛗࠸㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࠾ࡅࡿ㐃ḷᖌࡼࡿྡᡤḷ㞟ࡢ⦅⧩࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡾ䣍ྡᡤ㢟ḷྜࡢὶ⾜䣍ྡᡤ㞟ᡂࡸྡᡤⓒ㤳䣍ḷᯖ◊✲᭩ࡢฟ⌧䣍ᐊ⏫ᮇ ࡋ࡚⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡣ䣍ᒊ㢼ḷࡢὶ⾜క࠺ྡᡤᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲ ࡢᆅྡࡀᖹᏳᚋᮇḷᯖࡋ࡚ᅛᐃࡉࢀ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚㏆ୡ࠾࠸࡚ྡᡤ◊✲ ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇࢆ⌮ࡋࡓ䣔࠶ࡿ䣎䣕ⴥ㞟䣖௨᮶ャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓከࡃ ࠸䣬ࡓ⾲⌧ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 䥹䥺䣓ḷᯖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢྂḷࡢ㐃䣔ࡼ䣬࡚䣓వ⾲⌧ࡸಟ㎡ⓗᕤኵ䣔 䥹භ䥺ḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࡴሙྜࡢḞⅬࡋ࡚䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡢពࢆ㐃ࡍࡿ➼ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 䥹䥺࡞⏝ἲ䣍ձ≉ᐃࡢᬒ≀⤖ࡧࡘࡃղ≉ᐃࡢ༳㇟ࢆక࠺ճモⓗ 䥹ᅄ䥺ᯖモ࣭ᗎモ࣭⦕ㄒ࣭モ➼ࡢಟ㎡ࢆే⏝ࡍࡿ䣎 305 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ࡣ㏆௦࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ຠᛶࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࡢࡣ䣍 ḷࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞リḷほࡢᡤ⏘䣔ࡋ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᢳ㇟ᛶල㇟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ḟ ࠶ࡿ䣎㧗ᶫⰋ㞝ࡣ䣓ḷᯖࡼ䣬࡚ᥥࢀࡿ䣍ḷேࡓࡕࡢᚰ㇟ෆࡢཎ㢼ᬒࡣ䣍 ᓥభᏊࡀ༑䥹୍ඵᅄ䥺ᖺࡢ䣕⩌ീ䣖ᅄ᭶ྕⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ䣕པᏊ⋤䣖 ༑୕䥹୍୕ඵ䥺ᖺඵ᭶䣕᪂᪥ᮏ䣖Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䣍ὠ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 䣎 ᩥ Ꮫ 㢼 ᅵ ࡀ ⌧ ᐇ ࢆ ㉸࠼ ࡚ ⤖ ࡤ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࢁ ⌧ ࢀ ࡓ ḷ ᯖ ࡣ 䣍 ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡶ 䣍 ࡑ ࡢ ᆅ ྡ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ඹ ㏻ ᛮ ࠸ ᾋ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ୍ ࡘ ࡢ 㢼 ᬒ ḷ ࢆ ャ ࡴ ே ࡶ 䣍 ࡑ ࡢ ḷ ࢆ ா ཷ ࡍ ࡿ ே ࡶ 䣍 ḷ ャ ࡲ ࢀ ࡓ ྡ ᡤ ࡢ ᐇ ែࢆ ▱ 䥹ྠᖺභ᭶䣍ㅮㄯ♫ࡼࡾห⾜ࡢ㐃స▷⦅㞟䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ᡤ䥺ࢆᑐ㇟⪃ᐹ ࡑ ࡢ ᪂ ࡋ ࠸ 㢼 ᬒ ࡼ 䣬࡚ ⨾ ࡢ 㐀 ᙧ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ල ㇟ ᛶ ࢆ ศ ᢸ ࡍ ࡿ 䣎 ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹㸰䥺 ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࠸ ࠺ ⾲ ⌧ ᙧᘧ ࡸ ᘬ ࡁ ḷ ⓗ࡞ ᡭἲ ࡀ ᑠ ㄝ ࡢ ୰ ࠾ ࠸࡚ ᘬ ⏝ ࠸ ࠺ ᙧ࡛௦ࡸ♫ࡢኚࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡢ䣍࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸䣎ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡣ㏆௦࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ ⴥ࠾ࡅࡿླྀᬒࡣ㐪䣬ࡓ䣍ࡼࡾᩥⱁⓗ࡞ླྀᬒ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣ䣍㏆⌧௦ࡢᑠㄝ࠾ࡅࡿࡑࡢᵝ┦ࡘ࠸࡚䣍ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡀ ⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍≀ㄒᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿᘬࡁḷⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡣᑠㄝ࠾ࡅ ࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ⮬యࡀᖖዓⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡽࡀᙉᅛ࡞ᵓ㐀ⓗ࣓ࢱࣇ䣴䤀䣍ࢼ ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣓ே⏕ࡣ᪑࡛࠶ࡿ䣔䣓Ṕྐࡣᕝࡢὶࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣔࠸䣬ࡓ 䣵 ࢸ 䣵 䤀 ࢆ ே 㛫 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡽ ᪑ ࢆ ࣓ ࢱ ࣇ 䣴 䤀 ࡋ࡚ ᥥ ࡃ ࡇ ࡣ ⌋ ࡋ ࡃ ࡿ௨๓ḷேࡋ࡚ࡢ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ಶேࡢ୍⏕ࡸ୍ᐙ୍᪘ࡢṔྐ䣍ࢹࣥࢸ ๎ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ே㐃ࢀ࡛᪑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹㸯䥺ࡲࡓ䣍ࡢᏊࡣᑠㄝᐙ࡞ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍Ⓩሙே≀ࡀᐇ㝿࠸ࢃࡺࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧ࢆ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨୰⭸ᰩẟ䣖 ࠺ྥࡁྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡇࡢసࡣࡕࡽࡶዪᛶసᐙࡼ䣬࡚᭩ ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ෆᅾࡋࡓᬯ㯲ࡢゎࡸඹ㏻⌮ゎ䣍ゎ㔘ᑐࡋ࡚୧సࡣࡢࡼ ࡿḷㄒࡸ㢟ᮦࡢព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ䣍ࡑࢀࡽࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝ᭩ྡࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ 䥹୍䥺ᖹᏳ୰ᮇࡈࢁࡲ࡛ࡣ䣍ḷモ࣭ᯖモ࣭ྡᡤ࣭ḷ㢟࡞ḷャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ 䣖ࡢグ㏙ᇶ࡙ࡅࡤ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡼ࠺䣎䥹㸱䥺 ࡼࡾ䣍ᩥⱁⓗ⾲⌧ࢆࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䣕ḷᩥᏛ ᯖࡋ࡚䣍ࡑࡢᆅ⤖ࡧࡅࡽࢀࡓḷⓗෆᐜࢆ≀ㄒୡ⏺㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣓≀ㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ⯙ྎࡋ࡚ࡑࡢሙᡤࢆ♧ࡍᆅྡ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ䣍ḷ ᮶ࡢླྀᬒᛶࢆࡃኻ࠺ࡇࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᖹᏳᮅᩓᩥᏛ ࡿᵓࡢ㢼ᬒ䣔࡞ࡿࡀ䣍ࡋࡋ䣓ḷᯖࡣࡑࢀࡀᆅྡ࡞ࡿࡀᨾ䥹୰␎䥺ᮏ ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㢼ᬒࡣ␗࡞䣬ࡓᵝ┦ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚䣓ḷࡢୡ⏺ࡔࡅᏑᅾࡍ ࡿᘬ⏝࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ䣎ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ ࣟࢪ䤀࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ㍍ࢇࡌࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢసࡣ⣙༑ᖺ ࡓ䣎ྡᡤࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡣᚋᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓≉ᐃࡢ༳㇟ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ䣍୍ᐃࡢ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࢆࡶ䣬ࡓ㢮ᆺⓗ࡞⨾ព㆑ࢆ᭷ 䥹୕䥺ᅵᆅࡀࡶࡘ䣓㞧ከ࡞せ⣲䣔ࡀ䣓ྂḷࡼ䣬࡚䣔 䣓ᤞ㇟ࡉࢀ䣔 䣍ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍 ࡣ䣕ྂḷ㞟䣖࠾࠸࡚ࡉࢀࡿ䣎 䥹䥺ྡᡤḷᯖᑐࡍࡿ⾲⌧ព㆑ࡢⴌⱆࡣ䣕ⴥ㞟䣖ࡔࡀ䣍ᆺࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ ࠸࠺Ⓨ⾲ᮇࡢ㝸ࡓࡾࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ᮾிࢆ᪑ࡢ㉳Ⅼࡋ࡚⾜ࡁඛࡣす࠸ ࠺㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡶ␃ពࡋࡓ࠸䣎 ḷᯖࡣඖ᮶ࡣྂḷモࡸᬒ≀䣍ḷ㢟ࢆྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ⏕ᡂࡸኚᐜࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣㅖㄝ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍᪥࡛ࡣḷャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓᆅྡࡸྡᡤࢆᣦࡍࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛ 306 307 Ҿᓸᛯ૨ Ҿ ᨥ ᨥܖٻኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒‒ ‒ ‒ ڻƱࢂ ͤ㸯 ‒ ୍ ≉ᐃࡢሙᡤࡀ≉ู࡞ពࢆᢸ䣬࡚ᩥᏛⓗ⥅ᢎࢆ㔜ࡡࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ⊂⮬࡞⾲ ᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡣ䣍ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡣ䣍≉Ṧ࡞⥅ᢎࡢࡉࢀ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚ᩥⓗࡁ࡞ពࢆᣢࡘሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ḷ ࠶ ࡿ ᅵᆅࢆ ࠶ࡿ ≉ ู࡞ ពࢆ ࡶ ࡘሙᡤࡋ࡚ ព ࡙ࡅ ࡓグ ᠈ ࡑࡢグ 㘓 ˱⅝ங ↄ↷ ޢஜⅺ↝܇⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↗˲܇⒓ӂྛ܇⒔⒅⒏ജ்⒐ႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚⒅ ޢஜⅺ↝↝܇⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↞˺ԼӸ↝↭↭↚ிෙᢊ⇁ↈ ↺ʴ⅝⇁੨ⅳ↕ⅳ↺⒎ɟ૾⒍˲↝܇⒓ӂྛ܇⒔↞⒍ᛟኺ⒓ޛپٽ⒔ ↚↷⒡↕↷ⅾჷ↸↻↕ⅳ↺ޛپٽˡᛟ⇁ɦⅼ↚ↆ↕⒍ி҅૾ע⒍ཎ ↚᠉↝↧૾ע⇁ᡫↆ↕੨ⅺ↻↺ி҅↝ഭӪ↗૨҄ⅻ⇬⒲∄↝ɟ↓ ጢ↹ɥↁ↕ⅳ↺↷ⅵ↚⒍↝ئӳ↱Ӟχ૨↳ܖˡ১ⅻםӨ↗↙↹Ҿѣ ᨩ ࣱ ޛپٽˡᛟ ࣥࣝࡶከࡃⓏሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ ⪃࠼ࡿࡋ࡚䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡸ࠸ࢃࡺࡿྡᡤᪧ㊧ࡣ㏆⌧௦ࡢᑠㄝࡸࡑࡢࡢࢪ䣺 ྡ ᡤ ḷ ᯖ ࡸ ≀ ㄒ ᩥ Ꮫ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᘬࡁ ḷ ࢆ ࢸ ࢡ ࢫ ࢺ 㛫 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࠸ ࠺ ၥ 㢟 ࡽ ࡚ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᣦࡸᘬࡁḷࡢᣦࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛ࡶࢃࡿ䣎 ゎ䣍ࡣ㜚தࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡑࢀࡣḷ㞟ࡸ≀ㄒࡢὀ㔘᭩ࡢᩘࠎ࠾࠸ ཷಙ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ䣍║๓ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡵࡄ䣬࡚ࡢᬯ㯲ࡢ⌮ ḷࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠࡌࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ḷ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ≀ㄒࡢⓎಙ⪅ ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎≀ㄒᩥᏛ࠾࠸࡚ᘬࡁ ᑐᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⌮ゎ࡞ࡋࡣ║๓ࡢ ࡇࡣ䣍࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀྡᡤḷᯖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡣඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᏑᅾࡀ⤯ ࡶ≉ᐃࡢࣝ䤀ࣝ๎䣬࡚㐀ࡉࢀཷᐜࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺๓ᥦࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ ྡᡤḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࢇࡔḷࡣ䣍ャࡳᡭ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⪺ࡁᡭ䥹ㄞࡳᡭ䥺࠾࠸࡚ ⌧ព㆑⨾ព㆑ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ⮳䣬ࡓࡇࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ௐ⇁ࢽ⒎ ⋩⋩⋩⋩ ⋩⋩⋩ ҄ ⍇ ⍇ Kanoko Okamoto s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż and Yƈko Tsushima s Zushiż-Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet PerspectiveᲤᲫ Sayo Sasaki ᨥ ܖٻȪșȩȫǢ⌴Ȅܖᢿ ʚŹɟʞ࠰ɟɟஉʚʋଐ Ӗྸ Ӹജ் ⇓⒯∕⒯⇯ ⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩ ӖܾӪ↗ⅳⅵᚇໜⅺ↸ᡈˊ૨ܖӪ⇁ನሰↈ↺ئӳ↝φ˳̊⇁ьⅷ↺ኽ ⇁҄٭ଢ↸ⅺ↚ↆ⒎Ӟχ૨᧙↝↗ܖᡲ↳⒏ജ்⒐⇁ᙻࡈ↗ↆ↕⒍↝ ᢌⅳ↳ܼଈᚇ↝ᢌⅳ⇁ൔ᠋ᎋ↺ↈݑↂ↗↖ኖҞɭኔ᧓↚ဃↇॖᜤ↝ ඥ↧↝ॖᜤ↝ⅱ↹૾↚ᢌⅳⅻⅱ↺ↂ↗⇁ᎋↆݑ⒎↭⒍ↈ↺ئ↝ ⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↗ଯԧʞ⅟࠰ˊ↝⒓ӂྛ܇⒔↗↖↞⒍ࡽဇ↗ⅳⅵ σᡫࣱ⇁ਦઇↆ⒎ଯԧɟ⅟࠰ˊ↗ⅳⅵᑥⅻࢍ↭↺ɶ↖ႆᘙↄ↻ щ↗↙⒡↕ᡶᘍↆ↕ⅳ↺⒎⒏ജ்⒐↗ⅳⅵᙻࡈ⇁ᚨↀ↺ↂ↗↖⒍ඥ↝ ↗↙⒡↕ⅳ↺⒎ⅺ↝܇ⅻᝅ݈↙Ӟχ૨˺ܖԼ↝ࡽဇ↚↷⒡↕⇬⇕⇟⇮⇁ ‒ ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇Ⅴிෙᢊʞҗɤ ɤഏⅥ↗˲ ˲܇Ⅴӂྛ܇Ⅵ⃬ ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎ ႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ ↚ 308 ᩍ⫱◊✲ᴗ⦼୍ぴ䚷䠘㻞㻜㻝㻡ᖺ㻝᭶䡚㻝㻞᭶䠚 >ᩍᤵ@ ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 ホㄽ ࠕ≉㞟ࠉ᭱ᬌᖺࡢసရ⫈ࡃస᭤ᐙࡢࠗᚰ࣮࠘ࣚࢮࣇ࣭ࣁࢻࣥࠖ㸪ࠗ㡢ᴦ⌧௦࠘㸪 ᕳྕ㸪S㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕస᭤ᐙࡓࡕࡢࠗᩍ⛉᭩࣮࠘̿࢘ࣥྂὴ௦ࡢస᭤ಟᴗ̿ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ ᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭࣭㸦ᅇ㸧 ㅮᗙ ࠕࣁࢻࣥࡢ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࣥࢻࣥࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭ ࣭ᅇ㸧 ▼⏣ಟ୍ ㅮᗙ ᗂᑠ୰㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢᏊࡶࢆࡶࡘぶࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕᏊࡶࢆᖾࡏࡍࡿᏊ⫱࡚ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ 㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ஂಖ⏣ᐇ ㅮᗙ ࠕỈ⣲࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᕷẸ⏕άཬࡧᇶ♏⛉Ꮫࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕዪᛶࡢⓏ⏝ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢணഛⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏ⤒Ⴀ⌮Ꮫ ㄅ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ࠕዪᛶᙺဨࡢⓏ⏝ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࠖ㸪␗ᩥ⤒ႠᏛᖺ➨㸯ᅇ◊✲㸪❧ ṇᏛ࣭ရᕝ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ࠕᙺဨᵓᡂࡢከᵝᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡢணഛⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⤒Ⴀ⌮Ꮫ ➨ᅇ◊✲Ⓨ⾲㸪ᣅṪᏛ࣭ᩥி࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕ⤒῭Ꮫ㸸య㦂ㅮ⩏㹼733ཧຍࡢ㠀ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ㹼㸦᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ␃Ꮫ ⏕ྥࡅࡢฟᙇᤵᴗ㸧ࠖ㸪ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣅࢪࢿࢫ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏ ࠕ࣋ࣀ࣑ࢡࢫࡢ㸰ᖺ༙ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹࡼࡿࢿࢵࢺ㑅ᣲࡢ◊✲ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏሗ⤒ႠᏛㄅ࠘㸪1R㸪 9RO㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 “THE CURRENT STATE OF E-BOOKS AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES OF JAPAN”, Issues in Information Systems, Volume 16, Issue IV, pp. 48-57, Oct. 2015㸬 㣤᳃㇏Ỉ ᑠụ⿱Ꮚ ⸨ᑑᶞ 309 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹࡼࡿࢿࢵࢺ㑅ᣲࡢ◊✲ؐ➨ᅇ⾗㆟㝔⥲㑅ᣲࡢศᯒؐࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ ሗ⤒ႠᏛ➨㸵㸮ᅇᅜ㸪᫂ᾏᏛ㸪༓ⴥ┴㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ “THE CURRENT STATE OF E-BOOKS AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES OF JAPAN”, International Association for Computer Information Systems 2015, St. Petersburg Marriott Clearwater, FL. USA, 10th Oct. 2015㸬 ㅮᗙ ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᪥ᮏே̿ぶᖾᜥᏊᏕ⾜ᜥᏊࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡑࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑㛫ⓗᒎᮃࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪 SS㸪 ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕ୰㧗ᖺዪᛶࡼࡿᆅᇦᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲㸸⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᑐࡍࡿ㐪ឤࡘ࠸ ࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿព㆑㛵㐃せᅉ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ 㸪ᮾிᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 Oblation, Non-conception, and Body: Systems of Psychosomatic Fire Oblation in Esoteric Buddhism in Medieval South Asia. Homa Variations: The Study of Ritual Change across the Longue durée 㸪 (Edited by Richard K. Payne and Michael Witzel), Oxford University Press, pp. 167-213, November 20, 2015. ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 ģDPYDUD Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Vol. 1 (Edited by Jonathan A. Silk and Oskar Von Hinüber), Brill, pp. 360-366, October 21, 2015. ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕᣢ㔠๛ࡢᩍᅋ̿̿␗➃ṇ⤫ࡀ㘒ࡍࡿࣥࢻࡢᩍ̿̿ࠖ㸪ࠗషᩍᩥᏥ࠘㸪ྕ 㸦ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠕᮾす᐀ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿࠑ␗➃ࠒࠖ㸧SS㸪 ◊✲Ⓨ⾲༢㸧 ࠕึᮇ୰ୡᮇࣥࢻᐦᩍ࠾ࡅࡿ፹⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᏊ౪ࠖ㸪᐀ᩍྐ◊✲㸪ᮾὒⱥዪᏛ㝔 Ꮫ㝔㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ✵ࢆ▱ࡿ̿❳ᶞࡀㄝ࠸ࡓᩍࡢ┿⌮̿ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 㸰ᅇ㸧 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖ せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡑࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑㛫ⓗᒎᮃࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪 SS㸪 ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕ୰㧗ᖺዪᛶࡼࡿᆅᇦᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲㸸⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᑐࡍࡿ㐪ឤࡘ ࠸࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿព㆑㛵㐃せᅉ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ 㸪ᮾிᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ࠕḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯㸸1&$67ᩍᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓணഛⓗヨࡳ࣏ࠖࢫ ࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ⥲㸪ᮒ㮛࣓ࢵࢭ㸦᪂₲Ꮫ㸧㸪᪂₲┴㸪 ⸨ᑑᶞ బࠎᮌࡉࡼ ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ᰘཎᐅᖾ ᮡᮌᜏᙪ ᑎᮏጁᏊ 310 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ "Early separation to promote relationship of mother with postpartum depression and baby with feeding disorder", Poster presentation, Zero to Three 30th National Training Institute, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, December 2-4, 2015. ㅮ⩦ ࠕ-1&$)6ㅮ⩦ࠖ㸪ஙᗂඣಖᏛ㸪ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕᮾすᩥὶ㸸ᾋୡ⤮ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠖ㸪㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࠺ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧᒇࠖ㸪 ᪥ᮏ⏕᯽ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㹼ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᅪసᐙࡓࡕ㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕᖹᏳᮅࡢ௬ྡࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࠖ㸪Ꮫᰯἲே୰ᒣᏛᅬ㸪୰ᒣᏛᅬ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㐍Ꮫㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ㸦⯪ ᶫ㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ⣸ᘧ㒊ࡢཷࡅࡓᩍ⫱ࠖ㸪᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ᯽ᕷᏛ㐃ᦠㅮᗙ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕᖹᏳ㈗᪘ࡢዪᏊᩍ⫱ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ᭩ホ ࠕ▮㔝⨾ἋᏊⴭࠗྂ⌰⌫ᮇ㤳㔛⋤ᗓࡢ◊✲࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏྐᨳ✲࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㅮ₇➼༢㸧 ࠕᬺ㛵ࡍࡿ⣲ᮔ࡞ၥ⟅࠼ࡿࠖ㸪୍⯡♫ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ᬺᩥ⯆༠㸪ᮾி Ꮫᘺ⏕ㅮᇽ୍᮲࣮࣍ࣝ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ᑎᮏጁᏊ ཎ⏣ࠉ᧯ ᭹㒊୍ᯞ ࠉᯇྜྷࠉࠉ ᐑධᑠኪᏊ ㅮ₇➼༢㸧 ࠕ㬞ᕝࡢ᮲୰ᓥ㇏⮧⚽ྜྷࠖ㸪᪩✄⏣Ꮫᩍ⫱⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪᪩✄⏣Ꮫྕ㤋ᩍ ᐊ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ୰ୡ♫࠾ࡅࡿ࿚ミゅ୕ᮏࡢ㨣㸦ᅗീࢆㄞࡴ㸧ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕᑗ᮶ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡼ࠺ࠖ㸪㹉㹒㹁୰ኸᏛ㝔ཌᮌ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪⚄ዉᕝ ┴㸪 ㅮ⩦ ࠕ⮬ᚊⓗ⤌⧊ኚ㠉ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠉ㹼⤌⧊㢼ᅵ࣭య㉁ኚ㠉ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㹼ࠖ㸪ᕞ ࢪ⤒Ⴀሿ.$,/㸪⚟ᒸᕷ㸪 ㅮ⩦ ࠕࢳ࣮࣒࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡼࡿࣅࢪࣙࣥࡢᐇ⌧ேᮦ⫱ᡂࠖ㸪ྎᮾ༊ᗂඣᩍ⫱ᅬ㛗◊ಟ㸪ྎ ᮾ༊ᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮ⩦ ࠕࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡀ࠾ᐈᵝఏࢃࡿ⫋ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ㸪ᶓᕷ㏻ᒁ༠ຊ⫋ဨ◊ ಟ㸪ᶓᕷ㸪 ㅮ⩦ ࠕ㹈㹐ᮾ᪥ᮏࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ♫Ᏻᩥᵓ⠏◊ಟࠖ㸪᪂₲ᕷ㸪࣭ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿࣝࣞࢵ࣮࢟ࣀࡢኚᐜ̿సࡢࣃࣥࢺ࣐࣒ࠗࣁ࣮ࣞࢡ࣭ࣥ ࢻࢡࢱ࣮࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱࢫ࠘ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚̿ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫⱁ⾡ࣇྀ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ᭩ ୡ⣖࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠾ࡅࡿࣝࣞࢵ࣮࢟ࣀࡢኚᐜ࠘㸪SS㸪 ⩻ヂ㸦༢㸧 ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮ࣔࣥࢻ㸪ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣜࢵࢳస㸪ࠕసࡢྡ㧗࠸ࣃࣥࢺ࣐࣒ࠗࣁ࣮ࣞࢡ࣭ࣥ ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱࢫ༤ኈ࠘ࡢṇ☜࡞ླྀ㏙ⓗᥥ㺁㸪ᩥᏛྠேㄅࠗ㣕⩧࠘ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕࠗࣁ࣒ࣞࢵࢺ࠘ࡢㅦ㨩ຊࠖ㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࠺ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧᒇࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕᯽ ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕࢩ࢙ࢡࢫࣆࡢࠗࣜ⋤࠘ࡢ㠃ⓑࡉࠖ㸪㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࠺ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧ ᒇࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕᯽ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧 Ᏻ⏣ẚ࿅ᚿ 311 ᩍဨྡ ᰗἑᏕᏊ ✀ู ᭩ホ ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ࠕబ୍㯏ⴭࠗ✵ࡳࡎ࠺ࡳ࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᮾி᪂⪺࠘㸪 >ᩍᤵ@ ᩍဨྡ 㜿㒊㞝୍ ୕ᯞ⚽Ꮚ బஂ㛫♸Ꮚ 㧘ᶫ᪩ⱑ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ㅮᗙ ࠕཎᩥ࡛ㄞࡴࢻࢶᩥᏛ㸸ࢤ࣮ࢸࠗⱝࡁ࢙࢘ࣝࢸࣝࡢᝎࡳ࠘ㅮㄞࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ 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ࠕᩍ⫱◊ಟࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸸ࣅࢹ࢜グ㘓ࡼࡿ⒪㠃᥋ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⢭⚄ศᯒᏛ➨ᅇ㸪ᖥ ᙇ࣓ࢵࢭᅜ㝿㆟ሙ㸪༓ⴥ┴㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ◊✲ࠖ㸪⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪ᕷࣨ㇂࢝ࣥࣇࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ⤫ྜኻㄪࠖ㸪⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪ᕷࣨ㇂࢝ࣥࣇࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᮾி 㒔㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ)ࠖ㸪ᮾி⢭⚄⒪ἲ◊✲㸪㟷ᒣ㇂࣓ࢹ࢝ࣝࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦༢㸧 ࠕApplied Sociolinguistics: Bilingualism as a Tool for ExpressionࠉThe Ryukyu Ryuka Renaissance – A Poetic Commentaryࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨14ྕ㸪pp.87106㸪2015.2. ㅮᗙ ࠕࡃࡋࡢ᪥ࠉ⨾ࡽጼ⤖࠸㐟ࡧࠖࠉ㸦㏻ヂ࣭Ἀ⦖ゝㄒᩥゎㄝࠊグ㘓ࣅࢹ࢜ᙳཷࢆᢸ ᙜ㸧ࠊἈ⦖┴❧༤≀㤋ࠉἈ⦖ࠊ ㅮᗙ ࠕẚ㍑ᩥᆅᇦゝㄒ㸸ᇶ♏Ἀ⦖ㄒࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪࣭ ࣭࣭࣭㸦ᅇ㸧 ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧 “Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international understanding”㸪 Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin 㸪 No.14㸪 pp. 107-119, 2015.2. ㅮᗙ㸦ඹ㸧 Promoting Global Communication through English 㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ (᯽㸧㸪2015.11.6࣭13࣭20.(3ᅇ㸧 㫽㉺῟୍ ཪྜྷᘯ㑣 ◊✲ᴗ⦼ Elizabeth Lange >ㅮᖌ@ ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ࠕ⮬ᕫᑐࡍࡿ㢧ᅾⓗឤ₯ᅾⓗឤ㸸ᗣ≧ែᐊ ࡢ㛵ಀࡽࠖ᪥ᮏ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ ➨ᅇᮾிዪᏊᏛᮾி ㅮᗙ ࠕࠗぢࡿ࠘ࡇࡢᛮ㆟ࠖ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ༓ⴥ᯽㸧 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 “Inward Foreign Entry of Banks into Russia’s Banking Sector,” Journal of Comparative Economic Studies, ɊSS㸪March 2015. ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 Practice of Administration of Trade Remedies in Japan: the Case of Countervailing Duties, Proceedings of the International conference on "Evolution of the world trade system: problems and development prospects, " Sankt-Petesburg State University, pp. 305-311㸪29-30 October 2015, (In Russian) ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 Japan’s Special Tariff System: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, Mirovaya Ekinomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations @ɊSS,Q5XVVLDQ ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧 “Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international understanding,” Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin , No.14, pp. 107-119, 2015.2. ᭩ホ ኟ┠ၨⴭࠗୡ⣖ࡢ,&7ከᅜ⡠ᴗ࠘㸪ẚ㍑⤒῭యไ◊✲㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 Ꮫࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘ “Japanese Banks' Foreign Expansion: The Case of Russia,” ICCEES IX World Congress , Makuhari, Japan, 2015.8.3-7. ⳥ᓥṇᾈ Victor Gorshkov 313 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ “Motives of inward banking FDI and the role of institutional environment in Russia,” International conference on “Sustainability of the Russian economy: between modernization and crisis” 㸦ᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣇࣞࣥࢫࠗࣟࢩ⤒῭ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟㸫༴ᶵ㏆௦ ◊✲ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘ Victor Gorshkov ࡢ㛫࠘ദ㸸2014ᖺᗘி㒔Ꮫ⤒῭◊✲ᡤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺㄢ㢟㸦ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ༴ᶵ௨ᚋ ࡢඛ㐍ᅜ࣭᪂⯆ᅜࡢ⤒῭ไᗘኚᨻ⟇ࡢẚ㍑ศᯒ㸫༴ᶵ⌧㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢᥦゝྥࡅ ࡚ࠖ㸧◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ඹദ㸸ẚ㍑⤒῭యไ◊✲㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬༤ኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱࣮ࣜࢹࣥࢢࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔ᛮಟ㤋ࠖ㸪ி㒔㸪2015.3.67. ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ඹ㸧 'Trade policy and utilization of trade remedies: the experience of Japan,'' 㜰ᕷ❧Ꮫ ⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉➨3ᅇࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪㜰㸪2015.11.17. ㅮᗙ ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ㖟⾜ࡢࣟࢩ㐍ฟࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ㸦ඹ㸧 Promoting Global Communication through English㸪 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ (᯽㸧㸪2015.11.6࣭13࣭20.㸦3ᅇ㸧 ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᐇ ≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲேࠕࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᩥᏛ⾡༠ࠖദࡢ➨ᅇࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿୰Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣕ ࣥࣉ࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㣗⣊ၥ㢟ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆᐇ㸪㛵すᩥᏛ⾡◊ ✲㒔ᕷ㸪 ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᐇ ≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲேࠕࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᩥᏛ⾡༠ࠖദࡢ➨ᅇࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿୰Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣕ ࣥࣉ࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࢚ࣝࢿࣝࢠ࣮ၥ㢟ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆᐇ㸪㛵すᩥ Ꮫ⾡◊✲㒔ᕷ㸪 Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏ ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢどⅬࡽࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠘㸦Globalization and Business㸧㸪 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏㸪༓ⴥ(᯽㸧㸪2015.6.14. ㈨᱁ྲྀᚓ FUN MOOC (France Universite Numerique, Massive Open Online Courses)“ Politics and Economics of InternationalࠉEnergy”㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢFUN MOOCࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥㅮᗙ ࠗ“ Politics and Economics of International Energy” (ୡ⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ) 2015ᖺ1᭶㹼3᭶㸪ಟド᫂᭩. ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕປാⱥ㞝ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ̿̿ࣥࢪ࢙࣭࣡ࢲ┘╩ࠗ⌮▼ࡢ⏨࠘ࢆ୰ᚰ ࠖ㸪ࠗࢫࣦࣛᏛㄽ㞟࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᫎ⏬ࡢㄏᝨ̿̿ᫎ⏬࡛ᏛࡪᡓᚋᮾḢྐࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪㸦ᅇ㸧 ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦༢㸧 ࠕ⏘ᴗಖάືࡋ࡚ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗᨭࡘ࠸࡚̺༢ᅇ᮶ㄯ⪅ࡢᑐᛂࡽࡢ⪃ᐹ̺ࠖ㸪ࠗ ᛂಖ◊✲࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ࠕᏛ⏕ࡼࡿᏛᰯᨭ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ⤒㦂⪅ࡢᅔ㞴ឤࡢኚࡢ᳨ウ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ㸪ఀ⸨ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ᮾிᏛ㸧㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ "The change of volunteer students and users: Evaluations of volunteering program in elementary school in Japan", Poster Session, InPACT2015 (International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends), Hotel Slon, Ljubljana, May 4, 2015. ㅮᗙ ࠕ࣐ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫ㹼ྂࡃ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫࢺࣞࢫᑐฎἲࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪࣭㸰ᅇ㸧 ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 ࠗ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ࠘㸪ᆏ⏣௮⦅ⴭ㸪ࠕⓏᰯᑵᏛ⩏ົࠖ㸪Ꮫ ฟ∧㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࠾ࡅࡿ⫈ྲྀᏛฎศࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㸸ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᠬᡄయ⨩ࠖ㸪ࠗࣉࣜࣥࢩࣃࣝ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬እάື㸸㒊άືࠖ㸪ࠗࣉࣜࣥࢩࣃࣝ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠕᩍ⫱ጤဨ㐃ᦠࡋࡓ,&7ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ๓◊ಟే⏝ᆺ⌧⫋◊ಟࡢヨࡳࠖ㸪ࠗࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ◊✲࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 Ⳣཎࠉὒ ᖹஂỤ⸅ ᒣ⏣▱௦ 314 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ࠕ㞀ᐖࢆ⌮⏤ࡋࡓ≉ู࡞ᨭࢆᚲせࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯᨾᑐࡍࡿᰯ㛗ࡢㄆ㆑㸫 Ꮫᰯ⤒Ⴀ࠾ࡅࡿ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ᐤࡏ࡚㸫ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖺሗ࠘㸪 ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᭩ホ ࠕᏳᙪᛅᙪࠗࠕࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭࣮࣋ࢫࠖࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾ㸫ே᱁ᙧᡂࢆぢࡍ࠼ࡓ⬟ຊ ⫱ᡂࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᭩ホ ࠕ㈅ሯⱱᶞࠗ㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⛉㸫ࠕᡓᚋ༑ᖺࠖࡢᑐ❧ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㸫࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯົ࠘㸪➨ ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᭩ホ ࠕ᯽ዪ㟋ᓠࠗᏊࡶ࣭Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭไᗘࢆㄞࡳゎࡃ㸫ࡑࡢయീᚋࡢㄢ㢟࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯ ົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕ≉ูᨭᩍ⫱ࡢ᥎㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ➼ࡢᨵṇ㸫≉Ṧᩍ⫱ࡽ≉ูᨭᩍ⫱㸫ࠖ㸪 ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕᏛᰯಖἲࡢᨵṇ㸫ᏛᰯಖἲࡽᏛᰯಖᏳἲ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵ㜵Ṇᑐ⟇᥎㐍ἲࡢไᐃࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪 SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕඣ❺ᚅ㜵Ṇἲࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕᅵ᭙ᤵᴗࡢᐇಀࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ⾜つ๎ࡢᨵṇ㸭ᩍ⛉᭩↓ൾᥐ⨨ἲࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣ ௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕᑵᏛᡭ⥆ࡁ㛵ࡍࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ⾜௧ࡢᨵṇ㸭᪥ᮏㄒᣦᑟ㛵ࡍࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ⾜つ๎ ࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕᏛᰯホ౯㸫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕ㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⛉㸫ࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ࠉ㐨ᚨࠖᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋ ◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕయ⨩⚗Ṇࡢࠕᚭᗏࠖ㸫㜰ᕷ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯయ⨩⮬ẅ௳ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱ ௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࠕ⩏ົᩍ⫱Ꮫᰯࡢタ㸫ᖺᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲࡢᨵṇ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕᩍဨࡢカ࿌ Ꮫᰯࡀၥࢃࢀࡿ㸫ᩍ⫱ุࡽࡢᩍカࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕ᪂௵ᩍဨ᮲௳㝃᥇⏝ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕ㐍㊰ᣦᑟ㸦ᣦᐃᰯ᥎⸀㸧ࡢ࣑ࢫ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࣭ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕศ㝈ฎศ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫⫋ဨ㆟ࡢἲⓗ⨨ࡅ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕබ❧Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢ㈺ൾ㈐௵ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ᒣ⏣▱௦ 315 ᩍဨྡ ᒣ⏣▱௦ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢᠬᡄฎศ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢ㐺ษ࡞㛵ಀ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵࡢᐃ⩏ ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ࠕᆅ᪉බඹᅋయ࠾ࡅࡿ࠸ࡌࡵࡢ㜵Ṇ➼ࡢᑐ⟇ᩍᖌࡢ⨨ࡅࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᩍᖌᏛᏛ㸪᪥ ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ◊✲Ⓨ⾲༢㸧 ࠕ㒊άື୰ࡢᨾ㢳ၥᩍဨࡢἲⓗ㈐௵ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫᏛᐃ◊ ✲㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕ㒊άື㢳ၥࡀᢪ࠼ࡿἲⓗ㈐௵ࠖ㸪᫂Ꮫ᫂㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࠕኟᮇᩍဨ◊ಟࠖ㸪 ᫂Ꮫ᫂㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ㸫ἲつᇶ࡙ࡃᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠕᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ㒊Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᴗࠉᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿࠊඛ⏕Ꮫᰯࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢵࣉㅮᗙ 㸦ᖿᩍㅍ◊ಟ㸧ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᙺᡤ㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ㸫ἲつᇶ࡙ࡃᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠕᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ㒊Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᴗࠉᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿࠊඛ⏕Ꮫᰯࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢵࣉㅮᗙ 㸦ᰯ㛗◊ಟ㸧ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᙺᡤ㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴㸪 ㅮ₇ ࠕ͆ࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ͇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸫Ꮫᰯᨾ㸪య⨩㸪࠸ࡌࡵၥ㢟ࢆ୰ᚰ 㸫ࠖ㸪ᑠ㔠ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠕᩍ⫱ἲつ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏◊ಟࠖ㸪ᑠ㔠ᕷᕷẸ㤋ⴌ࠼ᮌ࣮࣍ ࣝ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢືྥࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ ࠕ࡛Ꮫࡪࠊ࠸ࡌࡵࠊయ⨩ࠊᏛᰯᨾࠖ㸪ᩍဨචチ≧᭦᪂ㅮ⩦㸦ᢸᙜㅮ⩦ࠕᩍ⛉ᣦᑟ࣭ ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯ࠖ㸦㑅ᢥ㡿ᇦ㸧㸧㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ⣖せ ᢞ✏つ๎ 㸬ᮏㄅࡣᩍ⫱㺃◊✲㛵ࡍࡿࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࠊ ࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠊ ࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⩻ヂࠖࠊ ࠕ᭩ホࠖ➼ࢆ ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ 㸬ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ➼ࡣᮍබหࡢࡶࡢ㝈ࡿࠋ 㸬ᢞ✏ࡢ㈨᱁ࡣཎ๎ࡋ࡚ᮏᏛࡢᑓ௵࠾ࡼࡧව௵ࡢᩍ⫋ဨࡍࡿࡀࠊᮏᏛ㛵㐃ࢆࡶࡘ◊✲⪅ࢆㄆࡵ ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࠊࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠊࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ⩻ヂࠖࡣ୍⯡ᢞ✏ࢆཎ๎ࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕሗ࿌࣭ ㈨ᩱࠖࠊ ࠕ᭩ホࠖ➼ࡣጤဨࡀᇳ➹ࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᮏㄅᥖ㍕ࡍࡿཎ✏ࡢ᥇ྰࡣࠊ⣖せ⦅㞟ጤဨ࡛ᑂᰝࡢ࠺࠼Ỵᐃࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᢞ✏ཎ✏ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ⦅㞟ጤဨࡢጤკࡍࡿᰝㄞ⪅ࡀᰝㄞࡋࠊෆᐜࡢಟṇ➼ࢆせồࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸬ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓㄽᩥ➼ࡢⴭస⪅ࡣࠊᅜ❧ሗᏛ◊✲ᡤࡼࡿ㟁Ꮚ㺃බ㛤ࠊཬࡧᮏᏛ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡑࡢ ↓ᩱබ㛤ࡍࡿࡇࢆチㅙࡍࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ 㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢෆᐜࡣḟࡢせ௳ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧 ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࡣࠊၥ㢟࣭᪉ἲ࣭ᡭ⥆ࡁ࣭⤖ᯝ࣭⪃ᐹࡢྛ㒊ศࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ⊂⮬ࡢㄽ᪨ࡀ᫂☜࡛࠶ ࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸧 ࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ‽ࡎࡿෆᐜࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸧ࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࡣࠊᮏᏛᩍ⫱࣭࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ➼㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࠊᩍᮦࠊཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࠾ࡼࡧᐇែㄪᰝࡢ ሗ࿌࡞ࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧 ࠕ⩻ヂࠖࡣࠊὀ㔘࣭ゎ㢟ࡀᐇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋࡲࡓࠊⴭసᶒ࣭⩻ヂᶒ➼ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ␃ព ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋ ⌮ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ◊✲⌮ጤဨࡢᑂᰝࢆཷࡅࠊᑂᰝ⤖ᯝ㏻▱ ᭩ࡢ」ࢆཎ✏ῧ࠼࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᢞ✏ࡣḟࡢせ㡿ࡼࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡢྠᩥࡢࢥࣆ࣮㒊ࢆῧࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡣ࡞ࡿࡃ㟁Ꮚࣇࣝᙧᘧ㸦:RUG➼㸧࡛ᇳ➹ࡋࠊ㟁Ꮚ፹యࡶࡋࡃࡣ࣓࣮ࣝῧ࡛ᥦฟࡍ ࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸧ᩥཎ✏ࡣࠊᏐ⛬ᗘ㸦⾜ᩥᏐ⾜ࢆ㡫ࡍࡿ㸧ࡋࠊ$ุ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ Ḣᩥཎ✏ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢡ⾜ࢲࣈࣝࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛ᯛ௨ୗࡋࠊ$ุ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸧᪥ᮏㄒ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢⱥヂࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆಶ௨ෆࡘࡅࡿࠋ 㸦㸧㢟ྡࠊᇳ➹⪅ᡤᒓẶྡࡣḢᩥࢆࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ㄒ௨ෆࡢḢᩥᢒ㘓㸦࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂ㸧ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ᮏᩥ࠾࠸࡚❶࣭⠇࡞ࡢグྕࢆࡘࡅࡿሙྜࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺グࡍࡢࢆཎ๎ࡍࡿࠋ ᗎ㺃⤖ㄽࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ ❶࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬 ⠇࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬 㡯࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬 㡯௨ୗࡢࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬 㸦㸧ᩥᏐࡣࠊᙜ⏝₎Ꮠࠊ⌧௦࡞࡙࠸ࢆཎ๎ࡋࠊᩘᏐࡣ⟬⏝ᩘᏐࠊḢᩥࡣάᏐయࠊ⤫ィグྕࡣ ࢱࣜࢵࢡయ࡛グࡍࠋ 㸦㸧እᅜᆅྡ࣭ேྡࡣཎㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋእᅜㄒࡣ࡞ࡿࡃヂㄒࢆࡅࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡋ࡚័⏝ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜㄒࡣ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࡛グࡍࠋ 㸦㸧ᅗ⾲ࡣู⣬ࢺ࣮ࣞࢫࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᥥࡁࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺グࡍࠋ ᅗࠊᅗࠊ⾲ࠊ⾲ࠊ)LJXUHࠊ7DEOH ࡞࠾ࠊᮏᩥ୰ᅗ⾲ࡢࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ⟬ࡋ࡚⨨ࢆ᫂グࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡣࠊḟࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ἲ࡛グ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ ձୖࡁ࡛㸦㸧 ࠊ㸦㸧ࠊ 㸦㸧␒ࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎࠕὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࠖࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠋ ղᘬ⏝ᩥࡢ┤ᚋ㸦 㸧᭩ࡁࡋࠊ㸦 㸧ࡢ୰ࡣࠊⴭ⪅ྡࠊⓎ⾜ᖺࠊᡤᅾ࣮࣌ࢪࢆグࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎ ࠕᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࠖࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊ␒ྕࡣࡅࡎࠊᩥࡣⴭ⪅ྡࡢ͆࠶࠸࠺࠼࠾͇㡰ࠊḟ ⱥᩥࡣⴭ⪅ྡࡢ͆ࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺ͇㡰グ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ 㹙㹛͆ ͇ 㸦'DYLV㸪㸹S㸧 ͆ ͇㸦&ROOLQV㸪㸹SS㸧 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ᑠつᶍᏛ࡞ࡀࡽᩍဨࡀᑓ㛛ࡍࡿᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ ࡾゅࢆ㏄࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௦࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ෭㟼 ከᒱரࡿᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᰝㄞ⪅ࢆᏛእࡶồࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡞▱ࠊ෭㟼࡞▱❧⬮ࡋࡓ⾜ືࡀ㔜せࡔಙ ྕ࡛ࡶᐇከᩘࡢᏛእᰝㄞ⪅ࡽཝࡋ࠸ࡈᣦ ࡌࡿࡇࠋࡑࢀࢆಁࡍࠕ㛤ᬛࠖࡢ୍ㄒࡔᛮ࠸ࡓ ࡸࡈຓゝࢆ㈷ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢሙࢆࡾ࡚ᚰࡼࡾࡢឤㅰ ࠸ࠋ ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ࠾ゝⴥࢆྏဂ⃭ບࡋ ࠕᚋグࠖࡢ᭱ᚋ࡞ࡗ࡚⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊྕ࡛ࡶ ࡚ᚋάࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᩍ⫱Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࢆ ᅗ᭩㤋ົ᪉ࡢ୰⏣㊰Ꮚ௵ࡣࡌࡵᅗ᭩㤋ࢫࢱ ୧㍯ࡍࡿᶵ㛵ࡢດࡵ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋ ࢵࣇࡢ᪉ࠎኚ࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⥲㡫ᩘࡀከ࠸ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᅜୡ⏺ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿ㔜࠸ㄢ㢟ࢆ ఏ࠼ࡿሗ㐨᥋ࡋ࡞࠸᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍ᅜࡢၥ㢟ࡣࢢ ྕ࡛ࡣ㈝ࡸࡍປຊࡸ㛫ࡀቑ࠼ࠊࡇࡢ᪉ࠎࡢࡈ ᑾຊ࡞ࡋࡣห⾜⮳ࡿసᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⦅ ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡋࡓୡ⏺ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿࡁ࡞ၥ㢟᥋⥆ࡋ 㞟ጤဨ୍ྠࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚῝ࡃᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᪥ᖖࡢᬽࡽࡋࡢ୰࡛ឤࡌࡿࡇࡶ 㸦⦅㞟ጤဨ㛗 బࠎᮌ ࡉࡼ㸧 ┈ࠎቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢠࢩࢠࢩ✜࡞㡢ࢆ❧࡚࡚ୡ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 Ꮫ ⣖ せ ➨ 15 ྕ ISSN 1348-0154 ᖹᡂ 28 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 15 ᪥ Ⓨ⾜ ⦅㞟⪅ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 Ꮫ ⣖ せ ⦅ 㞟 ጤ ဨ ጤဨ㛗 బࠎᮌ ࡉ ጤ ဨ ⳥ ᓥ ṇ ⸨ ᑑ ᮡ ᮌ ᜏ ࡼ ᾈ ᑠ ụ ⿱ Ꮚ ᶞ బஂ㛫 ♸ Ꮚ ᙪ Ⓨ⾜⪅ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 Ꮫ ࠛ277-0005 ༓ⴥ┴᯽ᕷ᯽ 1225-6 TEL 04-7167-8655 FAX 04-7163-0096 http://www.kaichi.ac.jp/
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