ISSUE 202 May/July 2011 ヂ㻌 ISSUE 206 May/July 2012 ヂ㻌 ⃭ືࡢ 1 ᖺ A year of volatility 㝤ᴗ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᛂศࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࠊ ࡑࢀࡀ 2011 ᖺࡢᴗ⦼ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ⤖ᯝ࡞ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ እ㒊ࡢಙ⏝ᢞ⚊ ࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡀ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⚾ ࡓࡕࡢᙺࡣࠊᅔ㞴࡞ែࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡁࢡ ࣛࣥࢺࢆᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㈈ົຊࢆ⠏ࡁ⥔ᣢࡍ ࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠊಙ⏝᱁ ࡅᶵ㛵ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣥࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࢬࡣ࣏ ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᒎᮃࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊGard ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ ࣥࢱࣛࢡࢸࣈ᱁ࡅࢆ A ࣛࣥࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࣥࢱࣛࢡࢸࣈࡣࠊ ᱁ࡅ㝿ࡋ࡚ࠊබ⾲ࡉࢀࡓሗ࿌᭩ࠊヲ⣽࡞ Claes Isacson ෆ㒊ሗ࿌ࠊࡉࡽࡣ⤒Ⴀ㝕ࡢᑐヰࢆཧ⪃ CEO ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡼ ࡗ࡚ࠊ㈈ົຊࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ⤌⧊ࡢᩥࡸ 2011 ᖺࡣࠊ㐣ཤ๓ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢᨻⓗᭀ ౯್ほࡶホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ࣭ ຊࡸ⤒῭Ᏻࠊ⮬↛⅏ᐖḟࠎぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡓ ࣥࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࢬࡣࠊࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾࠊGard ⃭ືࡢ 1 ᖺ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ୰ᮾࣇࣜ࢝࠾࠸ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ➇தຊࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚ࡁࢃࡵ࡚㧗ࡃࠊ ࡚ࡣࠊ♫Ᏻࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ୰ࠊ㌷⾜ືࡑࢀ ᴗ⦼ࡣዲㄪ࡛ࠊ㈨ᮏࡀᐇࡋࠊ㈈ົ㠃ࡢᰂ㌾ ᑐࡍࡿไࡀ⃭ࡋࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ぢゎࢆ᫂☜⾲ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ῝้࡞മົ༴ᶵࠊ ᪂⯆ᅜࡢᡂ㛗㕌ࡼࡿࠕᬒẼࡢ␒ᗏධࡾࠖ ☜࡞⤖ᯝࢆฟࡍ ᑐࡍࡿᠱᛕࡽࠊ⤒῭Ᏻࡀᑿࢆᘬࡁࡲࡋ Gard ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣᖺึỴ⟬Ⓨ⾲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋ ࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊᩘࠎࡢ⮬↛⅏ᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡓࠋ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡸࢡࣛࣥࢺࠊࣈ࣮࣮ࣟ࢝ࡢ ࡞࡛ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᆅ㟈ὠἼࠊࢱࡢὥỈࠊ ⓙᵝᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ▷ᮇ㛫࡛᭱ࡶ㔜せ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࣭ࢡࣛࢫࢺࢳ࣮ࣕࢳࡢᆅ ࡞ᩘᏐࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ษᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ3 ᭶ 㟈ࡣࠊಖ㝤ࡢᦆኻ⿵ൾ㢠ࡀṔ௦ 10 ධࡿつ ᮎࡢබ⾲㋃ࡳษࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋඛิᣲࡋࡓ ᶍࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ୍㐃ࡢែࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࠊᘬཷࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ ୧㠃࠾࠸࡚ⱞࡋ࠸ᖺ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ ᾏୖಖ㝤࠸࠺⚾ࡓࡕࡢᑠࡉ࡞ୡ⏺࡛ࡶࠊ≧ ࡼ࠺࡞㞴ᒁ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊGard ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ☜ ἣࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡼࡾࡶཝࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡞⤖ᯝࢆฟࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡣࠊ㢖ᗘࡢⅬ࡛ࡶつᶍࡢⅬ࡛ࡶቑ ࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢⓙᵝࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ㛫ࠊ ࡋࠊ⯪ࡸ⯪⯧⟶⌮♫ࡀ✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓ᮲ ሀᐇ࡛⢓ࡾᙉ࠸ᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢆ࠾ ௳ࡣ౫↛ཝࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ᭱ࡶὀ┠ ♧ࡋࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢ☜ಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓᨾࡣࠊࢥࢫࢱ࣭ࢥࣥࢥࣝࢹྕ ࡢᗙ♋ᨾ࡛ࡍࠋ⿕ᐖࡢつᶍࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࣓ࢹ 2011 ᖺࡢᴗ⦼ࡣ๓ᖺࢆࢃࡎୗᅇࡾࡲࡋࡓ ࡛ࡶヲࡋࡃሗ㐨ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᡭᾏୖಖ ࡀࠊಖ㝤ศ㔝ࡣሀㄪ࡛ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉయ࡛ࢥࣥ A year of volatility 2 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣂࣥࢻ࣭ࣞࢩ࢜㸦ETC ࣮࣋ࢫ㸧ࡣ 98%ࠊ⛯ ᘬࡁᚋవ㔠ࡣ 5100 ࢻࣝ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ ࡢኚືࡢ࡞せᅉࡣࠊ㐣ཤ 2 ᖺ㛫ࡢᴗ⦼ࢆᢲ ࡋୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓᢞ㈨┈⋡ࡀపୗࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ Gard ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ௵ព✚❧㔠ࡣ⌧ᅾࠊ⥲㢠 8 ൨ 4000 ࢻࣝୖࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ☜ᐇ࡞ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐙ࡆࡿ 2011 ᖺࡢᴗ⦼ࡣࡰண⟬࠾ࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 1 ᖺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㡰ㄪ᥎⛣ࡋࠊຊᙉ࠸ᅇࢆ㐙ࡆ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ2011 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 21 ᪥௨㝆ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ P&I ዎ⣙㧗㸦ຍධ⥲ࢺࣥᩘ㸧ࡣࠊ2500 gt ቑ ຍࡋ࡚ྜィ 2 ൨ 2000 gt ࡞ࡾࠊ⮬♫ಖ᭷㧗 ࡣࠊࡇࡢ 12 ᭶㛫࡛ 1 ൨ 4450 gt ࡽ 1 ൨ 6250 gt ቑຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᩘᏐࡣࠊྍ ືᘧᾏὒタࡢቑຍศ㸦1650 gt ࡽ 1800 gt㸧ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᡂ㛗ࡣࠊᏳᐃࡋࡓ㈈ົᇶ┙ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ ಖ㝤ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢆồࡵࡿ⯪ࡢⓙᵝᨭ࠼ࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢡࣛࣈࡢ᪤Ꮡ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢⓙᵝ ࡽࡢዎ⣙㧗ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅ ࡽ᪂࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙉᅛ࡞㈈ ົᇶ┙ࠊ㇏ᐩ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࠊྛᣐⅬࢆ ㏻ࡌ࡚ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᘬཷᴗົࡢ㉁ࡢ㧗 ࡉࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᡂ㛗ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿཎືຊ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ A year of volatility Gard News 206 May/July 2012 㞃ࢀࡿሙᡤࡣ࡞࠸ 㸫 ⯪⯧άືࡢ 㐲㝸 ┘どࡢᣑ No place to hide – The expansion of remote surveillance of shipping activity ᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎక࠸ࠊᨻᗓᶵ㛵➼ࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡢάືࢆࡘ࡚࡞࠸⥭ᐦࠊࡲࡓከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃ࡽ┘ど ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊ✵ࡽࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᾏࡽ ࡶ⯪⯧άືࡢ┘どࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ྛᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㌷Ⰴࡼࡿ┘どࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ஂࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࢀࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺࠼ࠊ ⨨ࠊ⯪⯧ࠊカ⦎ࢆཷࡅࡓ⤌ဨࡢ㓄ഛከ 㢠ࡢࢥࢫࢺࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ㐲㝸᧯సࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡ࢆഛࡋࡓ 㐲ὒ⯟ᾏ⏝⯪⯧ࡀẸ㛫࡛ࡶ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛≧ἣࡀኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ↓ ேᶵᢏ⾡ࡣ⯟✵┘どࡶᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࠊほ ⠊ᅖ ࡘ࡚ࠊබᾏ࡛ࡢ⯪⯧άືࡣࠊᨻᗓᶵ㛵➼ ࡢᣑᐤࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡢ┘どࡢ┠ࡀ⾜ࡁᒆ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡦ ࡓࡧỈᖹ⥺ࢆ㉺࠼ࡿࠊ⯪⯧ࡣ㝣ୖࡢ┘ど ✵ࡽࡢ┘ど – ࡲ࡛௨ୖᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࢆࠊࡉ ⪅ࡢど⏺ࡽ㏨ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡽ㧗㢖ᗘࡘ⣽ࡃ┘ど ࡛ࡣࠊ㟁ಙ࡞ࡢ↓⥺㏻ಙࡢྎ㢌ࡼࡾࠊ ᭷ே㣕⾜ࡢึᮇࡢẁ㝵ࡽࠊᾏάືࡢ┘ど ࡓ࠼㝣ୖࡢ┘ど⪅ࡀᩥᏐ࠾ࡾ┤᥋┠࡛ぢ 㣕⾜ᢏ⾡ࡀά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࣛࢺ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᾏୖࡢฟ᮶ࡣᑡ࡞ ᘵࡀࣀ࣮ࢫ࢝ࣟࣛࢼᕞ࢟ࢸ࣮࣍ࢡࡢ◁ ࡃࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ே㢮ึࡢ㣕⾜ᡂຌࡋࠊ1909 ᖺ࣭ࣝࣈ ࣞࣜ࢜ࡀึࡵ࡚ⱥᾏᓙࡢᶓ᩿㣕⾜ᡂຌࡋ ࡲࡓࠊ⯟✵ᶵࡢฟ⌧࡛⯟✵┘どࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊ ࡚௨㝆ࠊᾏୖ㣕⾜ᶵ⬟ࡀၟ⏝࣭㌷⏝⯟✵ᶵࡢ ᚑ᮶ࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ㐲ࡃࡲ࡛ࠊࡼࡾᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࢆ 㛤Ⓨ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㌷ 㝣ୖࡽࠕぢࡿࠖࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲ ࡸᾏ㌷ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡽࡣࠊ㝣ୖᶵࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊỈୖ ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࡣᾏᓊ⥺㏆ 㣕⾜⯲ࠊࡑࡢᚋⓏሙࡋࡓⰄୖᶵ⯟✵┘ど ࡑࡇࡽ࡞ࡾ㊥㞳ࡢ࠶ࡿᾏୖࡢ୧᪉࠾࠸ ᶵ⬟ࢆഛ࠼࡚ᾏάືࢆ┘どࡍࡿࡇࡢᡓ␎ ࡚⯪⯧άືࡢ┘どィ⏬ࢆ⟇ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ⓗ࡞౯್ࢆ࠸ࡕࡣࡸࡃ⌮ゎࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᾏୖࡢ⯟✵ࣃࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡀ୍⯡ⓗ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊ⾨ᫍ⏬ീࡼࡗ࡚⯟✵┘どࡢ⬟ຊ ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ⯟✵ᶵࡣࠊ㌷⏝┠ⓗࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ ࡀࡉࡽᙉࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘ࡚㌷ࡸㅁሗ すὒ࠾ࡅࡿịᒣࡢ㏣㊧ࠊᆅᅗࡢస〇ࠊ ᶵ㛵ࡋධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓᾏὒᇦࡢ≧ἣࡶࠊ ⁺⯪ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㨶⩌ࡢⓎぢࠊἈྜ࡛ࡢᐦ㍺άື ࡛ࡣẸ㛫ᶵ㛵ࡀ⾨ᫍ⏬ീࢆ㉎ධࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡍ ࡢ┘ど࡞ࠊẸ㛫ࡸ㆙ᐹࡼࡿ⏝ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⾨ᫍ⏬ീ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊᾏ ࡶࠊ௨๓ࡣゎീᗘࡀపࡃࠊᩘ᪥㐜ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡋ ୖ⯪⯧ࡢάືࡑࡢືࡁࡸࠊබᾏ࡛ᐇࡉࢀ ධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊࡇࡇᩘᖺࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ ࡚࠸ࡿ᧯ᴗࡢ✀㢮ࡢ┘どሗ࿌⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࣜࣝࢱ࣒⏬ീࡸࢥ࣐ࡾᫎീࡀ⡆༢ධ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡼࡿᾏὒởᰁࢆᤕᤊ ᡭ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ No place to hide – The expansion of remote surveillance of shipping activity 4 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ༠ㄪⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ୍⎔࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ㄪᰝグࡸᭀ㟢グࢆ㢖⦾බ⾲࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃ ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡀᩚ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡀࠊ⯪⯧άືࡢ┘ど ࡢ⠊ᅖࡁ࡞ኚࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┘ ከࡃࡢᅜࡣࠊᾏὒࢆởᰁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⯪⯧ࡢ⨨ どࣅࢹ࢜ࡢᛶ⬟ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࠊ⯪ဨࡀ⏥ᯈ࡛ᐇ ࡢ≉ᐃࠊ㆑ูࠊグ㘓ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵタィࡉࢀ࣭ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసᴗࢆࠊࡑࡢᮏேࡢ≉ᐃࢆྵࡵࡓ⣽ ᚲせ࡞ഛࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠊ≉Ṧ࡞⯟✵ᶵࢆಖ᭷ࡋ 㒊ࡲ࡛㩭᫂グ㘓࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ⤌ဨ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵ⬟ࡣࠊᙜึࠊどぬⓗ࡞ ࡋ▱ࡾᚓ࡞ࡗࡓ⾜Ⅽࢆࠊ࡛ࡣᆅ᪉⮬ ┘どࡸᾏ㠃ࡢởᰁࡢ┿ᙳࢆ⾜࠺༢⣧࡞ࡶ యࡸẸ㛫ᅋయࠊಶேࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ពᅗࢆࡶࡗ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊởᰁ㜼Ṇࡢࡓࡵ ࡚ࣜࣝࢱ࣒࡛┘ど࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ ື⏬ࡸࢸࣞࣅᫎീࢆᐁ⯪㏦ಙࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡸࠊ ࡓࠋྠࠊᾏ㞴Ⓨ⏕ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ ኪ㛫࣭Ⲩኳୗ࡛ࡶởᰁࢆ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ㉥እ⥺➼ ከࡃࡢேࠎࡽཝࡋ࠸┘どࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ ࡢྍどගࢆࡗࡓࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣓ࣝ࢝ࣛ࡞ࡀ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱࣉࡢ⯟✵┘どࡣࠊࣝࢪࢼ ࡇࡇ 10 ᖺ㛫࡛ࠊᾏάືࡢ⯟✵┘ど⬟ຊࡶࡉ Ἀ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ ࢹ࣮ࣉ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮࣭࣍ࣛࢬ ࡽⓎ㐩ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊ↓ே⯟ ࣥ᥀๐タࡢ ᨾᑐᛂ࡛ά⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋሗ ✵ᶵࢆࡗ࡚ᾏୖ⯪⯧άືࡢ┘どࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ 㐨ᶵ㛵ࡸ⎔ቃಖㆤᅋయࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ⯟✵┘ど⏝ࡢ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋึᮇࡢ㡭ࡣࠊ㣕⾜ሙࡽⓎ╔ࡍࡿ ᶵᮦࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ሗࡢ㞟ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᨻ ᆺᶵࡋ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࠊ ᗓࡢሗࡔࡅ㢗ࡽࡎࠊἈྜࡢἜ⃮ởᰁࡢ ㎶ࡸᾏᓊࡽᡭ࡛㣕ࡤࡏࡿᑠᆺ↓ேᶵࡀ ⨨ࡸࡑࡢฎ⌮ᑐᛂࢆබ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰ ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㧗ᗘ࡞カ⦎ࢆ ࡣࠊᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࡸᨾᙜ⪅ࡢBP♫ࡽᥦ౪ ཷࡅࡓ࣋ࢸࣛࣥࡢࣃࣟࢵࢺࡣせ࡛ࠊ㝣ୖ ࡉࢀࡓሗࡍࡿࡶࡢࡸ▩┪ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ ࡢ㏦ಙᶵࡽࠊ᧯⦪ ᱰࢆࡗ࡚ẚ㍑ⓗ⡆༢ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍ࢆᣲࡆࡿࠊࢹ࣮ࣉ࢛࣮࢘ 㐲㝸ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࢱ࣮࣭࣍ࣛࢬࣥࡢᨾ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊSky ࡓᑠᆺ↓⥺ᶵࡢ᧯సᚲせ࡞カ⦎ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢ Truth࠸࠺ⱥᅜࡢᅋయࡀࠊὶฟࡋࡓἜ㔞ࡸ ࣃࣟࢵࢺࡢカ⦎ẚ࡚ࠊࡣࡿ▷ᮇ㛫 Ꮫศᩓࡢᙳ㡪ࠊ㓄ᕸࡋࡓࣈ࣮࣒ࡢ㊊ᗘ ࡛῭ࡳࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࠊ↓Ṇ࡛㛗㛫ࡢ㣕 ᭷ຠᛶࠊἜᅇ⯪ࡢ⏝ࡸࡑࡢࡢὶฟ㛵㐃 ⾜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊప✵㣕⾜ࡼࡾ㩭᫂࡞ ࢹ࣮ࢱ㛵ࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ἢᓊ㆙ഛ㝲ࡸBP♫ࡀ ┿ࡸᫎീࡢᙳࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊᑟධࢥ ᥦ౪ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣᴟࡵ࡚␗࡞ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆබ ࢫࢺࢆపῶ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡞ࠊᑠᆺ↓ேᶵࡣ ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸦Sky Truthࡣࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢᕤᴗ㍺㏦ ከࡃࡢⅬࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ άືࡢ⯟✵┘どሗࡢ㞟ࢆᑓ㛛ᡭࡅࠊ 㞟ࡋࡓሗࢆศᯒࡋ࡚බ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⎔ ࡉࡽࠊ↓ேᶵࡢ⏝ࡣࠊᢏ⾡ࡢ୍⯡ࡢබ ቃ᭷ᐖ࡞⾜ⅭࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ 㛤ࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ࠊ㌷┠ⓗṆࡲࡽࡎࠊẸ ᅋయ㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊἜὶฟࡢฎ⌮ᑐᛂ⟇ࡢ᭷ຠ 㛫ࢭࢡࢱ࣮㸦ᴗ࣭ಶே㸧ࡶᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ᛶࢆ♧ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓBP♫ࡸᨻᗓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ ࡍࠋሗ㐨㛵ಀ⪅ࡸ⎔ቃಖㆤᅋయࡣࠊᨻᗓᶵ㛵 ኚṧᛕ࡞ሗ㐨࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࠕࢤ 㢗ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ⊂⮬࡛⯪⯧άື㛵ࡍࡿ ࣜࣛࠖⓗ࡞ሗ㞟ᡓ⾡ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᨾᑐᛂ ሗࢆ㞟࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⊂⮬ ㈐௵⪅ࡀタᐃࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ 㞟ࡋࡓሗࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ⯪⯧άື㛵ࡍࡿ ࢩࣙࣥయไࡣ↓ᖐࡋࠊࡑࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣΰ ᪂⪺グࡸࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜࣜࢫࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡋࠊἜὶฟࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ῝้ࡉࡸᑐᛂ⟇ࡢ᭷ຠᛶ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡣ ࡘ࠸୍࡚⯡ࡢேࠎࡢᚰᛕࢆᢪࡏࡿࡇ ␗࡞ࡿ㈍㊰ࡸࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ↓ேᶵࡼࡿ┘ど ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ↓ No place to hide – The expansion of remote surveillance of shipping activity Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢹ࣮ࣉ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮࣭࣍ࣛࢬࣥࡢᨾࡣࠊ ᾏάືᑐࡍࡿ⯟✵┘どᢏ⾡ࡢά⏝ᢿ㌴ ࢆࡅࡓࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⯪⯧άືࢆࠕࣜࣝࢱ ࣒ࠖࡘヲ⣽┘どྍ⬟࡞ࠕࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛ ࣮࣒࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿᾏୖ↓ேᶵࡢ⏝ࢆಁࡍ⤖ᯝ ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᾏୖ↓ேᶵ ࡣࠊᙜึࠊ㌷⏝┠ⓗ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࡸ Ꮫ⾡ᶵ㛵ࠊ ሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࠊẸ㛫ᴗ࡞࡛ᗈࡃ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ ᾏୖ↓ேᶵ ࡣࠊᾏ㠃ୖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾏ㠃ୗࡢ ┿࣭ື⏬ࢆᙳ࡛ࡁࡿࠊᾏࡢ≧ែࠊ ᗘࠊ₻ὶࡢ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞┘どࡸࠊᾏỈྵࡲࢀ ࡿᚤ㔞࡞ởᰁ≀㉁ࡢ᳨ฟࢆ⾜࠺ᶵ⬟ࢆഛ࠼࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⛣ືࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ᥇ྲྀ ࡶ⾜࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ ᾏୖ↓ேᶵ ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᥎㐍᪉ᘧ 㸦ࡑࡢ୍㒊㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ㸧ࢆ ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ᅇࡢ㣕⾜࡛ࠊ᭱ᩘ㐌㛫ᾏୖ␃ ࡲࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊఱ༓࣐ࣝࡶ㞳 ࢀࡓᾏἢ࠸ࡢタࡸࠊ㏆ࡃࡢ⯪⯧࣭⯟✵ᶵ ࡽไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡛ࠊ↓ேᶵࡢືࡁࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟ ࣝࡋ࡚ࠊᾏᇦࡸᾏୖ࡛᧯ᴗࡍࡿ⯪⯧ᑐࡋ࡚ ࡉࡽ㝽㛫ࡢ࡞࠸┘どࡢࠕ⥙ࠖࢆᙇࡾᕠࡽࡏ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᛴ㏿ኻࢃࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⯪⯧άືࡢ㞃ࢀሙᡤ Ṕྐୖ㛗ࡽࡃࡢ㛫ࠊ⯪⯧άືࢆࠕࣜࣝࢱ ࣒࡛ࠖ┘どࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⯪ࡀ㝣 ୖࡽぢ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ┘どࡢ┠ࡀᒆ࡞ࡃ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣᢏ⾡ࡢⓎ㐩ࡼࡾࠊ ⯪⯧ࡑࡢάືࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡞࠸ヲ⣽ ┘ど࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ⯪ୖࡢάືࡣ ┘ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺㐠⯟⪅ࡢᐃࡣ㏻⏝ࡋ࡞ ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘ࡚ᾏࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㞃ࢀ ⵿ࡣࡶࡣࡸ࡞ࡃࠊⰋࡃࡶᝏࡃࡶࡍ࡚ࡀぢࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ No place to hide – The expansion of remote surveillance of shipping activity Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣈࣛࢪࣝἈྜ࡛ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮᥈ᰝ – ࠕ㐍ࡴ῝ᾏ㛤Ⓨࠖ Brazilian offshore energy exploration – “Rolling in the deep” ῝ᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ▼Ἔ࣭࢞ࢫࡢᾏὒ᥀๐ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࠊୡ⏺ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢࢇࡣࠊ2010 ᖺࡽኟࡅ࡚㉳ࡁࡓ⡿ᅜ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ‴ࡢ ࢹ࣮ࣉ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮࣭࣍ࣛࢬࣥ᥀๐タ࡛ࡢᨾ -ࡈ ࡃ᭱㏆Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓᝒⓗ࡞⇿Ⓨ▼Ἔὶฟᨾ-㞟ࡲࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋࡋᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ῝ᾏ᥈ᰝࢆ⋡ඛ ࡋ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࣈࣛࢪ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞฿㐩ࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸ሙᡤ࠶ࡿ▼Ἔ㈓␃ᒙ ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡅ࡚ࡣ⡿ᅜࡼࡾࡶࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢ᪉ࡀ᱁ẁ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ᥇᥀ࡣࡁ࡞ᢏ⾡ⓗᅔ㞴ࢆ క࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊ㔞ࡢ㧗ရ㉁ࡢཎἜ࠸࠺ࡑࢀ ぢྜࡗࡓࣜࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ▼ Ἔᇙⶶ㔞ࡣ᭱ 580 ൨ࣂ࣮ࣞࣝࡶ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ ⛬つᶍ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢୡ⏺ࡢ▼Ἔ ⏕⏘࠾ࡅࡿᆅࢆࡁࡃ๓㐍ࡉࡏࠊୡ⏺ࡢ▼ Ἔ⏕⏘ᅜࡢୖ 5 ෆᢲࡋୖࡆࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗 ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊࠕኚ㠉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶ ࡢࠖࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢧࣈࢧࣝࢺᒙࡢ▼Ἔࡣࠊ ࣈࣛࢪࣝἈ࠶ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞┅ᆅἜ⏣࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࣈࣛࢪࣝࡣఱᗘࡶ᥀๐᭱Ỉ῝ࢆグ㘓ࡍࡿ࠸ ⌧ᅾࠊ࣌ࢺࣟࣈࣛࢫࡢ⏕⏘ࡢࢃࡎ 2 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥ ࢺࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ2020 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡑ ࡢ⏕⏘㔞ࡢ 40 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡶࡢண ࡉ ࠺ᰤ࠶ࡎࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱㏆ࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ2011 ᖺࡣࠊ19 ௳ࡢせ࡞▼Ἔ࠾ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 4 ᪥Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠊỈ῝ 1,520 ࣓࣮ ࡼࡧ࢞ࢫࡢ㈓␃ᒙࡢⓎぢࡀࣈࣛࢪ࡛ࣝሗ࿌ࡉࢀ ࢺࣝࡢ ࢦࣝࣇ࣮ࢽࣙἜ⏣ࡢⓎぢࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲ ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 17 ௳ࡣࠊࢧࣥࢺࢫࠊ࢚ࢫࣆ ࡍࠋࡇࡢἜ⏣ࡣࡑࡢᚋࠊᾏᗏ 4,670 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ ࣜࢺࢧࣥࢺࠊ࣏࢝ࣥࢫ┅ᆅ࠾ࡅࡿࢧࣈࢧࣝࢺ ฿㐩ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᒙ࡛ࡍࠋ ᐇ㝿ࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᡭ▼Ἔ♫࣌ࢺࣟࣈࣛࢫࡣ ࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࢧࣈࢧࣝࢺᒙࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣ୍➽⦖࡛ࡣ ᑓ㛛ᢏ⾡ࢆ☻ࡁࠊࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࢆࡗ࡚⡿ᅜࡢ࣓࢟ ࠸ࡎࠊᩘࠎࡢㄢ㢟ࡸၥ㢟ࡀక࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢻࣜࣝ ࢩࢥ‴ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓୡ⏺ྛᆅࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࢫࢺࣜࣥࢢࢆᡴࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛᥀ࡿᒾሷᒙࡣࠊᮏ㉁ⓗ ࡍࠋ2009 ᖺࡢ 9 ᭶ࠊ࣌ࢺࣟࣈࣛࢫࡣࠊࢸ࢟ࢧ ≀㉁ࡀᏳᐃ࡞ࡓࡵࠊ〄Ꮝࡢ⥔ᣢࡀᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫἈ࡛ࢱࣂ࣮1 ྕࢆⓎぢࡋࡓⓎ⾲ࡋࡲࡋ ࡲࡓࠊᒾሷᒙࡢୗ࠶ࡿ▼Ἔ⮬యࡀ◁㉁ᒙ୰ ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡁࡢỈ῝▼Ἔ㈓␃ᒙࡲ࡛ࡢᾏᗏ᥀ ሸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀከࡃࠊ▼Ἔࢆᾏ㠃ୖỮࡳ ๐῝ᗘࢆྜィࡋࡓ῝ࡉࡣ 35,000 ࣇ࣮ࢺ࡛ࠊᙜ ୖࡆࡿ๓◁ࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿ࠸࠺㞴ࡋࡉࡶక࠸ࡲ ࡢグ㘓ࢆ᭦᪂ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞῝ᾏ࡛ࡣỈ ࡀᴟࡵ࡚ ప࠸ࡇࡽࠊ▼Ἔࡢ⢓ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊὀ ࡇࡇᩘᖺࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢧࣈࢯࣝࢺᒙ ධࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ ᒙෆࢆຍ⇕ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ᾏᗏᒾሷୗᒙ㸧ࠖ⨨ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ࠕ᪂ࡋ ࠸ࠖἈྜࡢ▼Ἔ㈓␃ᒙࢆᩘከࡃⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊࣜ࢜ࢹࢪࣕࢿࣟᕞ࠾ࡼࡧࢧࣥࣃ࢘ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᾏᓊࡽ 350 ࢟ࣟἈྜ࠶ࡿἜ⏣ࡢሙ ྜࠊ⨨ࡸேဨࡢ㍺㏦ࠊ▼Ἔࡢᅇᗄศࡢ ᅔ㞴ࡀక࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣟᕞࡢἈྜ⨨ࡍࡿ▼Ἔᇙⶶᆅ࡛ࠊᩘ༓ࣇ ࣮ࢺࡢཌࡳࡀ࠶ࡿᕧ࡞ᒾሷᒙࡢୗ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ Brazilian offshore energy exploration – “Rolling in the deep” 2012 6 Gard News 206 May/July ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞άືࡼࡾ୍✀ࡢᨻⓗ࡞ㄽதࡀᘬ ࡇࡢࡶࠊὀ┠ࡍࡁฟ᮶ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ ࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡣࡲࡶ࡞ࡃࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ2011 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࠊࣜ࢜ࢹࢪࣕࢿࣟࡢ⣙ 㔞ࡢ▼Ἔ࠾ࡼࡧ࢞ࢫࡢ౪⤥ࡑࡢ⏕⏘క࠺ 370 ࢟ࣟἈྜࡢ 1,200 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢ῝ࡉ⨨ࡍࡿ ࣜࢫࢡᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᅜࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᑐฎࡍ Fradeࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᆙཱྀ⨨࡛▼Ἔὶฟᨾࡀ ࡁࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせ㏕ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࢩ࢙ࣈࣟࣥࡀ᧯ᴗࡋࠊ᥀ Ἀྜ᥈ᰝࢆ㐍ࡵࢀࡤ㐍ࡵࡿࠊ୍ᨾ ๐ㄳ㈇♫ࢺࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢜ࢩࣕࣥࡀ᥀๐సᴗࢆ㐍 ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜࡢฎ⨨ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖᅔ㞴࡛ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓᾏᗏἜ⏣࡛ࡍࠋᖾ࠸ࡶὶฟࡋࡓ▼Ἔ 㛫ࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࣜࢫࢡࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡣࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᾏᓊࡣ฿㐩ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ ࣈࣛࢪࣝᨻᗓࡣࠊᅜᐙィ⏬࡛ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢᑐฎࢆ ࡇࡢᨾࡣ 2010 ᖺࡢ ࢹ࣮ࣉ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮࣭࣍ ヨࡳ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㐣ཤᩘᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡾࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ἀ ࣛࢬࣥᨾࡢᑠࡉ࡞వἼࡶゝ࠼ࡿ㆙࿌ⓗ࡞ ྜ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢάືᑐࡍࡿつไࢆᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ฟ᮶ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡞ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ㐣ཤࡢධᮐ࡛ⴠᮐ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊᾏ ᇦࢆ㛤ᣅࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢṇᘧ࡞࣮ࣜࢫዎ⣙ࡀᮍࡔ ࣈࣛࢪࣝᨻᗓᙜᒁࡣࡇࡢ௳ᙉࡃⓎࡋࠊࢩ ⥾⤖࡛ࡁࡎ࠸ࡿእᅜࡢ▼Ἔ♫ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢙ࣈࣟࣥࢺࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢜ࢩࣕࣥࡢ⤒Ⴀᖿ㒊ᑐ ࣈࣛࢪ࡛ࣝࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ᪂ࡋ࠸ไᗘࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࠊ▼ ࡋ࡚ฮ㈐௵ࢆ㏣ཬࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢ Ἔ᥇᥀ᶒࣔࢹࣝࡽ⏕⏘ศዎ⣙ࣔࢹࣝࡢ⛣ ᾏὒ㛤Ⓨᴗ㛵ࡍࡿἲⓗ⎔ቃࡘ࠸࡚῝้࡞ ⾜㏵ୖ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⏕⏘ศዎ⣙ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ ᠱᛕࢆᢞࡆࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᾏὒởᰁ ࡣࠊ࣌ࢺࣟࣈࣛࢫせ࡞ᙺᶒ┈ࢆ࠼ࡿ ᨾࡼࡿฮ㈐௵ࡢ㏣ཬࡣࣈࣛࢪࣝ㝈ࡗࡓ ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡢᴗࡶᾏᇦධࡾࠊタഛฟ ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᚅࡓࢀࡿࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ ㈨ࡋࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ㖔༊㛤Ⓨචチࡢᶒ┈ࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᶒࡢ➇ࡀ㛤ጞࡉ ヲ⣽࡞≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᮍࡔㄪᰝ୰࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ ࢀࡿࡣࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢ㐃㑥ᨻᗓᕞᨻᗓ㛫࡛ࡢ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨※᥈ᰝࡣᏳ㠃⎔ቃ㠃ࡢࣜࢫ ࣟࣖࣝࢸࡢ㓄ศ᪉ἲ㛵ࡍࡿྜពࢆᚅࡓ࡞ ࢡࡀᖖᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺࡛᭱ ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡶ࡞ ࡶ⇍⦎ࡋࡓேࠎ࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨾࢆᅇ ࡃỴ╔ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ 㑊࣭㜵Ṇࡋࠊࡲࡓࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᨾⓎ⏕ࡑ ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈ᢚ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊಟṇࢆ ຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢኻᩋࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࠊᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣࡀ⥆ࡃ୰ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᾏὒ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㛤Ⓨィ ⏬ࡀ㐍ᒎࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋලయⓗ ࡑࢀࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡣᮍࡔ㏱᫂ ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⌧ᅾࡢண ࡀṇࡋࡅࢀࡤࠊࣈࣛ ࢪࣝࡣࡇࡢඛ㛗࠸ᑗ᮶ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ୡ⏺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝ ࢠ࣮⏘ᴗࡢ㔜せ࡞᥎㐍ຊ࡞ࡿ⏝ពࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᅜࡣࡗࡁࡾ㇟ᚩࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ ࢧࣈࢯࣝࢺᒙࠋ⇿⸆ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊୖᒾሷᒙࡀሁ ࠕOrdem e Progresso㸦⛛ᗎ㐍Ṍ㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ✚ࡉࢀࡿ๓ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓᆅᒙࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡣࣈࣛࢪࣝἈ࡛ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㛤Ⓨ ࡶྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つᚊ࠶ ࡿ᧯ᴗࢆ᮲௳ࡀኚࢃࡾࡸࡍࡃࠊᏳᐃ࡞ᆅ㉁ࢆ Brazilian offshore energy exploration – “Rolling in the deep” Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡶࡘ㐲㝸ᆅᇦㄢࡍࡇࡣࠊᚋࣈࣛࢪ࡛ࣝᾏ ὒ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮᥈ᰝ⏕⏘ᚑࡍࡿேࠎࡗ ࡚┿ࡢヨ⦎࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢ Gardࠋ2011 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 22 ᪥ࣜ࢜ࢹࢪ ࣕࢿࣟᕞࢥࣃ࢝ࣂ࣮ࢼ࣭ࣃࣞࢫ࠾࠸࡚ Gard ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࠾ࡼࡧ࢝ࢡࢸࣝࣞࢭࣉࢩࣙࣥࡀ 㛤ദࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢグࡣࠊࡇࡢ Frank Gonynor ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣈ ࣛࢪࣝࡣࠊGard ࡢせ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ Gard ࡢ࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢᏑᅾឤࢆ 㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Brazilian offshore energy exploration – “Rolling in the deep” Gard News 206 May/July 2012 Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ – 10 ᖺࢃࡓࡿ⤌ྜဨࠊࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢ▱㆑ࡢඹ᭷ Gard Academy – Ten years sharing knowledge with Members and clients Gard ࡣࠊ▱㆑㸭ᑓ㛛ᛶࠊ㛵ಀᵓ⠏࠾ࡼࡧ㈈ົᇶ┙ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ඃࢀࡓᙉࡳࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ▱㆑㸭ᑓ㛛ᛶ㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࢆ⥅⥆ⓗᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡣ ᩘࢆ⤌ྜဨ࣭ࢡࣛࣥࢺࡽࡢཷㅮ⪅ࡀ༨ࡵ Gard ࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡣࠊᾏୖ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಖ㝤ࠊࢡ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋGard ࡀẖᖺ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ᪂ධ♫ဨ 30 ྡ ࣮࣒ࣞฎ⌮➼ࡢᑓ㛛▱㆑ࠊྛ✀ࡢ㈨᱁ࠊᐇົ⤒ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊእ㒊ࡽཧຍ⪅ࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ▱ 㦂ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋGard ࡢᡓ␎ࡢ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡣࠊ ㆑ࡢඹ᭷㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫ࢟ࣝᇶ┙ࢆᙉࡋࠊࡑࡢඹ᭷ࢆᅗ ࡍࠋ ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋGard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡣࠊGard ࡀ㔜どࡍ ࡿ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㝵ᒙࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ⫱ᡂ㔜せ࡞ᙺ ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡣࠊ2002 ᖺ 9 ᭶ ࡢタ❧௨㝆ࠊࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛࢻࡢㅮᗙࡸࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ ࢆᐇࡋࡓࡾࠊእ㒊ㅮᗙ㛵ࡍࡿሗࡸཧຍ⪅ ࡽࡢࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡢ㞟ࢆ⾜࠺࡞ࠊGard ࡢ◊ಟࡢ୰᰾ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⤌ྜဨ࠾ࡼࡧࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢ▱㆑ࡢඹ᭷ ྠ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮࡛ࡣࠊタ❧௨㝆 10 ᖺࢃࡓࡾࠊ⤌ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࢧࢡࣝࠋࡍ࡚ࡢ ྜဨࠊࢡࣛࣥࢺ࠾ࡼࡧྲྀᘬඛྥࡅࡢㅮᗙࡸ ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡣ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ʊᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᮇ ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢆᩘከࡃᐇࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋGard ࢝ ᚅ್ࡢタᐃࠊࡑࡢᮇᚅ್ᑐࡍࡿཧຍ⪅ࡢᐇ⦼ ࢹ࣑࣮ࡣࠊᚋࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢእ㒊ྥࡅ ࡢホ౯ࠊᮇᚅ್ᐇ⦼ࡢᕪࢆᇙࡵ࡚ᡂᯝࡢྥୖ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᣑࡋࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢඹ ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿᏛ⩦ʊࢆ⥙⨶ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ ᭷ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊྠ࢝ࢹ࣑ ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮࡛ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅮᗙ࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡢ୍㒊ࢆࡈ⤂ ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢㅮᗙ࡛ࡣࠊࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࠊP&I㸦⯪㈐௵┦ ಖ㝤㸧ࠊᾏୖಖ㝤ࠊ⯪⯧ᘓ㐀ಖ㝤ࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ ᾏୖಖ㝤ධ㛛ㅮᗙ ࣮ಖ㝤࠾ࡼࡧᦆᐖ㜵Ṇࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡲࡍࠋㅮ ࡇࡢㅮᗙࡣࠊᾏୖಖ㝤࡞ࡌࡳࡀ࡞ࡃࠊGard ࡢ ᖌࡣ Gard ࡢྛศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀົࡵࡲࡍࠋᤵᴗࡣ ᴗࡢᴫせࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ᪉ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ 4 ẁ㝵ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡼࡾ⦅ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊཷㅮ⪅ࡀ㎿㏿ᚲせ࡞ ᭱ึࠊྛࢺࣆࢵࢡ㛵ࡍࡿྛཧຍ⪅ࡢཷㅮ๓ ▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊ⮬ಙࢆ㌟ࡅࠊ⏕⏘ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵ ࡢ▱㆑ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊࢥ ࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ2007 ᖺࡢ㛤ጞ௨᮶ࠊࡢ 11 ࣮ࢫࡢෆᐜࢆ⥙⨶ࡋࡓ๓ࢸࢫࢺࡀᐇࡉࢀ ᅇ㛤ദࡉࢀࠊ⣙ 300 ྡࡢ᪉ࡈཧຍ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲ ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺࡣཧຍ⪅ྠ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡢ ࡋࡓࠋ ᪉ࡗ࡚᭷┈࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋḟࡣࠊGard ࢝ࢹ ࣑࣮ࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿㄞ᭩ࣜࢫࢺཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࢆࡶࠊ ࡇࡢㅮᗙࡣࠊ4 ᪥㛫ࡢ㞟୰ㅮᗙᙧᘧ࡛ᖺ 2 ᅇ㛤 ๓ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ3 ␒┠ࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ ദࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋྛᅇࡢཧຍ⪅ࡣ 30 ྡ࡛ࠊ㏻ᖖࠊࡑ ࡋ࡚ࠊ4 ᪥㛫ࢃࡓࡿㅮᗙࡀ࣮ࣞࣥࢲ࣮࡛ࣝ ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ༙ᩘࢆ Gard ࡢᚑᴗဨࡀ༨ࡵࠊṧࡾࡢ༙ ᐇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋࠊㅮᗙ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ Gard Academy – Ten years sharing knowledge with Members and clients 8 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ๓ࢸࢫࢺྠ୍ෆᐜ ࡞࠸ࣜࢫࢡᑐࡋ࡚ Gard ࡀᥦ౪ྍ⬟࡞ၟရࡢᴫ ࡢᚋࢸࢫࢺࡀᐇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ せࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍ㸦ᚋ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊࡼࡾ㔜 ๓ࢸࢫࢺᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢࠊ࣮ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ せ㸧ࠋྠ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡣࠊಖ㝤 ࡛ࣝࡢ 4 ᪥㛫ࡢㅮᗙ⤊ࠊཧຍ⪅ࡢࣇ࣮ ࢝ࣂ࣮㛵ࡍࡿ⤌ྜဨࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࠊࡑࢀᑐࡍ ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡶᅇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ㐣ཤᩘᖺ㛫ࡢࣇ࣮ ࡿࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛࢻࡢಖ㝤ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢆ㛤Ⓨ ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ1㹼6 ẁ㝵ࡢ 5.3 ࡛ࡋࡓ㸦6 ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡀࠕ㠀ᖖⰋ࠸ࠖ㸧ࠋ௨ୗࡣࠊᐤࡏࡽࢀࡓࢥ࣓ ࣥࢺࡢ௦⾲࡛ࡍࠋ ࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡣ㏻ᖖࠊ௨ୗ ࠕ㉁࣭⠊ᅖࡶෆᐜࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ 2 ẁ㝵ࡲࡓࡣሙྜࡼࡾ 3 ẁ㝵ศ ࡎࢀࡢㅮᖌࡢ᪉ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศ㔝࡛㇏ᐩ࡞⤒ ࡅ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㦂ࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡋࡓࠖ 1. ࡲࡎࠊ⤌ྜဨᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬♫ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ ࠕ࡚ࡶ᭷┈࡛ࣅࢪࢿࢫࡢయീࡀࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ ၥࡀ㏦ࡉࢀࡿ ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࡣ」㞧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡢࣅ 2. 1 ᪥ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡲࡓࡣ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ ࢪࢿࢫ㡿ᇦࡣ㐪࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆᐇឤࡋࡲࡋ 3. ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞฎ⌮ᢸᙜ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲࡓࡣࣥࢲ࣮ ࡓࠖ ࣛࢱ࣮ࡀཧຍࡍࡿࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࢵࣉࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡲ ࠕ᭱ࡶ༳㇟ṧࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢㅮᗙࡢ‽ഛᐇ ࡓࡣ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ㸦࢜ࣉࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠊࢫࢸࢵࣉ ✚ᴟⓗࡘㄔᐇྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ 2 ⤫ྜྍ⬟㸧 ࡍࠋ๓Ꮫ⩦࡛ࡣ࡚ࡶࡁࡵ⣽ࡸಶูࡈ ᑐᛂ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᐇ㝿ࡢㅮ⩏ࡶ㠀ᖖศࡾࡸࡍ ࡇࡢ 3 ẁ㝵ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ๓♧ࡋࡓ ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡶࡼࡃ‽ഛ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿ㛤Ⓨࢧࢡࣝࡀᅇࡿࡼ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㈨ᩱࡢ‽ഛ┦ᙜ࡞ປຊࢆࡅ࡚ ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡢࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠖ ࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡣࠊ⤌ྜဨࡸࢡ ࡇࡢㅮᗙᚑᴗဨࢆཧຍࡉࡏࡓ࠸᪉ࡣࠊGard ࡢ ࣛࣥࢺࡢⓙᵝࡀࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢయീ⏝ྍ ࣥࢲ࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡲ࡛ࡈ㐃⤡ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ2012 ᖺ ⬟࡞ಖ㝤ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡽ ࡢㅮᗙࡣࠊ3 ᭶ 26㹼29 ᪥ࠊ10 ᭶ 15㹼18 ᪥ࡢᮇ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊGard ࡀᨭࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㛫࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ Gard ࡢ࣋ࣥࢺ ⤌ྜဨྥࡅࡢࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ Gard ࡣࠊẖᖺ 40 ᅇ㏆ࡃࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢡࣛࣈࡢ ึᏛ⪅ྥࡅࡢᾏୖಖ㝤ධ㛛ㅮᗙࡢࠊ࣋ࢸࣛ ኤࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢከࡃࡣࠊᩍ⫱ά ࣥࢫࢱࢵࣇࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡸࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛ ືࡶ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣋ࣥࢺࡣࠊ ࢻࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡶࡈ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⤌ྜဨࡀᣐⅬࡍࡿᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣐࣮ࢣࢸ ࠼ࡤࠊᶆ‽ࡢ P&I ࡛ࡣ࡚ࢇ⿵ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㈺ൾ㈐௵ ࣥࢢ┠ⓗࡢࡳࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡸ▱㆑ࡢ ࣜࢫࢡࢆ㆑ูࡋࡓࡾࠊࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ ඹ᭷ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚㛤ദࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ࠊᶆ‽ࡢ P&I ಖ㝤ࢆ⿵࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊಶ ูໟᣓⓗ࡞ಖ㝤࢝ࣂ࣮ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿᐇົ࡞ࢆ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࢧ࣐࣮ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 1989 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊẖᖺ࣮ࣞࣥࢲ࣮࡛ࣝGardࢧ࣐࣮ ࢸ࣮࣮࣓ࣛࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢ࡞┠ⓗࡣࠊ ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ2004 ᖺࡽࡣ ⤌ྜဨࡀ⌧ᅾᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࣜࢫࢡ࢚ࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢪࣕ Gard࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡀṇᘧྠࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡢ⏬࣭㛤 ࣮ࠊࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿಖ㝤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾໟᣓⓗ ദࢆ௵ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ ᴫほࡋࠊ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࡣࠊ⤌ྜဨࡸࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢ㛫࡛ࡶㄆ▱ᗘࡀ㧗 Gard ࡀ⌧ᅾᥦ౪ྍ⬟࡞ಖ㝤ၟရࠊ࡚ࢇ⿵ࡉࢀ Gard Academy – Ten years sharing knowledge with Members and clients Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡃࠊẖᖺGard News࡛ࡶ≉㞟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 1ࠋ 2011 ᖺࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡣࠊ20 ᅜ௨ୖࡽ 150 ྡࡢ ࢤࢫࢺࢆᣍ࠸࡚㛤ദࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢧ࣐࣮ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡁࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗࠸ࢺ ࣆࢵࢡࡲࡘࢃࡿㅮ₇ࡀᐇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋྲྀࡾୖ ࡆࡽࢀࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣẖᖺኚࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊ ὶࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᜏ࣋ࣥࢺࡶ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᐇ ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ࣮࣎ࢺ࡛ࡢほගࡢᚋࠊGard ࣂࣥࢻ ࡢ₇ዌࢆ⪺ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ Gard ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀࡿ⯙࠺ࢹ ࢼ࣮ࢆᴦࡋࡴ࣋ࣥࢺ࡞ࠊከࡃࡢ⤌ྜဨࡢ ⓙᵝࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᜏ࣋ࣥࢺẖᖺཧຍࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Gard ࢧ ࣐࣮ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠋὶࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᜏ ࣋ࣥࢺࡀẖᖺ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡵ ௨ୖࡀ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡀ⌧ᅾᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞ άື࡛ࡍࠋGard ࡛ࡣࠊᚋࡶ⤌ྜဨࡸࢡࣛ ࣥࢺࡢⓙᵝࡢࢽ࣮ࢬྜࢃࡏ࡚άືࢆᣑࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡁࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 1 ୍䛸䛧䛶䚸Gard News 203 ྕ䛾䛂2011 ᖺ Gard 䜰䜹䝕䝭䞊 䝃䝬䞊䝉䝭䝘䞊䛃䜢䛤ぴ䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 Gard Academy – Ten years sharing knowledge with Members and clients Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ⱥᅜἲ – ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ㐠㏦࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࣊ࢢ࣭ࣦࢫࣅ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝ English law – Deck carriage and the Hague-Visby Rules ࡇࡢࡢⱥᅜࡢุᡤࡢุỴ࡛ࡣࠊ㈌≀ࡀ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡢ㐠㏦ዎ⣙ᑐࡋࠊ࣮࣊ ࢢ࣭ࣦࢫࣅ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿྰࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚㈌≀ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡽཷࡅࡓࠊ⯪Ⲵ ドๆࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⯪Ⲵドๆࡣࠊ⣮தࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࡛ࡢ௰ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ1936 ᖺ⡿ᅜᾏୖ≀ ရ㐠㏦ἲ㸦US COGSA㸧ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙྜ ࡣ㐠㏦ேࡣ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡢッゴࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿࡇࠊ㐠㏦ேࡀࡇࢀࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓሙྜࡣ BBC GREENLANDྕ௳ุỴ 1࡛ࡣࠊ⯪Ⲵドๆ ⡿ᅜࡢุᡤࡀᑓᒓ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀᐃ ࡢ⾲㠃ࠕ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ᪨ࢆグ㍕ࡍࡿࡇ ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢ⾲㠃ࡣࠊ௨ ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀࠊࡇࢀࡀ࣮࣊ࢢ࣭ࣦ ୗࡢグ㍕ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢫࣅ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡢ㐺⏝㈌≀ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ ࠕ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀࡿࡍ࡚ࡢ㈌≀ࡘ࠸ ࡼࡿࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡋ࡚ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ ࡚ࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ㐠㏦≉᭷ࡢ༴㝤ࡣⲴ㏦ே㸭⏝ ♧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⯪⪅㸭ཷྲྀேࡀ㈇ᢸࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋࠊ⯪⯧ࡢሓ ⯟ᛶࡢಖドࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⲴ㏦ே㸭⏝⯪⪅㸭ཷ ࣮࣊ࢢ࣭ࣦࢫࣅ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝ㸦ᮏ࣮ࣝࣝ㸧ࡣࠊ ྲྀேࡣࡇࢀࢆ᫂♧ⓗᨺᲠࡋࠊࡑࡢࡢࡍ ᮏ࣮ࣝࣝ➨ 1 ᮲ᐃࡵࡿ㐠㏦࠾ࡼࡧ≀ရ㛵 ࡚ࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ US COGSA ࡢつᐃࡀ㐺⏝ࡉ ࡍࡿዎ⣙㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࢀࡿࠋࠖ ࠕ… (b) ࠕ㐠㏦ዎ⣙ࠖࡣࠊ⯪Ⲵドๆࡲࡓࡣࡇࢀ 㢮ࡍࡿᶒཎドๆࡀ≀ရࡢᾏୖ㐠㏦㛵ࡍࡿ ㈌≀ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡢⓏグྡ⩏ேࢆ⡿ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᭩㢮‽ᣐࡍࡿ㐠 ᅜ࡛ᥦッࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㐠㏦ேᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࣟࣥ ㏦ዎ⣙ࡢࡳ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࢻ࡛ࣥ௰ࢆ⾜࠺ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ㐠 (c) ࠕ≀ရࠖࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ✀㢮ࡢ≀ရࠊၟရࠊ ㏦ேࡀࠊ㈐௵ࢆ㠃ⓗᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡉࡽ 〇ရࠊရ≀ࢆྵࡴࡀࠊ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿື≀࠾ࡼࡧ ࡣⲴ≀ 1 ಶ࠶ࡓࡾ 500 ⡿ࢻࣝ࠸࠺ US 㐠㏦ዎ⣙⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨ࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠶ COGSA ࡢ㈐௵㝈ᗘ㢠ࢆồࡵ࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ ࡾࠊᐇ㝿⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀࡿ㈌≀ࡣ㝖ࡃ ㈌≀ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ …ࠖ㸦ᙉㄪ㒊➹⪅㸧 ࡇࢀࡣࠊ㈌≀ࡀ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ⯪Ⲵ ドๆࡢᩥゝୖࡣ US COGSAࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ⡿ᅜࡢ ⫼ᬒ ⟶㎄ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢱࣜࡽ⡿ᅜࡢ⯟ᾏ㏵ḟࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ㈌ ㈌≀ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࠊUS COGSA ࡢ㐺⏝ࢆᣄ ≀ 2 Ⅼࡀ⁛ኻ㸭ẋᦆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏ௳ࡣࠊࡇࢀ ྰࡋࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢ௰ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚ࠊ㐠㏦ேࡼࡿ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡢッゴᡭ⥆⥅⥆ࢆ ไṆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊッゴᕪṆ௧ࢆồࡵࡿ⏦❧᭩ 1 ࢆⱥᅜࡢุᡤᥦฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㈌≀ࡢᐖ Sideridraulic Systems SpA and Anr ᑐ BBC Chartering & 㛵ಀ⪅ࡽࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿッゴࡣࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ Logistic GmbH & Co KG ௳䠄BBC GREENLAND ྕ௳䠅 ( [2011] EWHC 3106 (Comm)) English law – Deck carriage and the Hague-Visby Rules ࡢ௰クࡍࡿ࠸࠺⯪Ⲵドๆࡢྜព㐪 10 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡍࡿᙇࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚㐠㏦ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᮏ௳࡛ࡣࠊ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢᩥゝ ேࡣࠊ㈌≀ᘬྲྀேࡢ⏦❧᭩ࡢ㏦㐩ࢆᲴୖࡆࡋࠊ ࡣࠊᮏ࣮ࣝࣝࡀᙉไⓗ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡢ ⱥᅜࡢุᡤࡣ⟶㎄ᶒࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸࠸࠺⏦❧ ࡳᮏ࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ⏥ᯈࡢ ࡚ࢆⱥᅜุᡤᑐࡋ࡚⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㐠 ㈌≀ࡀᮏ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᐃ⩏ࡼࡿࠕ≀ရ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ ㏦ேࡢ⏦❧࡚ࡀཷ⌮ࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊッゴᕪṆ௧ ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣヱᙜࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡣฟࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡵ 㔜せ࡞தⅬ ⯪Ⲵドๆ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ᭷ຠ࡞ࠕ⏥ᯈୖࠖ ᮏ௳ࡢ࡞தⅬࡣࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ㐠㏦ᑐࡍࡿᮏ ࠸࠺グ㍕ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢢ࣭ࣦࢫࣅ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡀ ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ㐺⏝ᛶ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᮏ࣮ࣝࣝࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ 㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆពࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࡼ ࢀࡤࠊᮏ࣮ࣝࣝ➨ 3 ᮲➨ 8 㡯ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㐠㏦ ࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮏ௳࡛ࡣࠊ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢ⾲ ேࡢ㈐௵ࢆච㝖ࡲࡓࡣ㍍ῶࡍࡿ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢ᮲ ⌧᪉ἲࡺ࠼ࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨ࡢグ㍕ࡢ᭷ 㡯㸦US COGSA ࡢⲴ≀ࡢ㈐௵㝈ᗘ㢠➼㸧ࡣࠊ ຠᛶࡣࠊ⟶㎄ᶒ࠾ࡼࡧⲴ≀ࡢ㈐௵㝈ᗘ㢠ࡢ୧ ࠕ↓ຠ࡛ࠊຠຊࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲ ᪉ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㐠㏦ேࡗ࡚ࡢᡂ ࡍࠋ㈌≀ࡀᐇ㝿⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ຌࡣࠊ㈌≀ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡍࡿ㐠㏦ேࡢ㈐௵ ࡇத࠸ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊୖグࡢᮏ࣮ࣝࣝ ࡢୖ㝈ࢆ 1,000 ⡿ࢻࣝࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ➨ 1 ᮲(c)ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㈌≀ࡀ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᅇࡢุỴࡣࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ㐠㏦ࡢ ࢀࡿ᪨ࡀ⯪Ⲵドๆグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྰࡀ ሙྜࠊ⯪Ⲵドๆ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨ࢆ☜ᐇ 㔜せ࡞தⅬ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡘ᭷ຠグ㍕ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠸㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢグ㍕ࡣࠊ⏥ᯈ ุỴ ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࢆ༢♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᘬྲྀேࡣࠊ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢ᮲㡯ࡣࠊ㈌≀ࡀ⏥ᯈ✚ 㐠㏦୰ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㈌≀ࡀ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ ࡳ㐠㏦ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㐠㏦ࡢ⮬⏤ච㈐ࢆ࠼ ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋุᐁ ࡿࡶࡢ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ᙇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㐠㏦ேࡣࠊ ࡣࠊᮏ௳࡛ࡣࠊࠕisࠖࡀᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᩥゝ ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢ⾲㠃ࡢᩥゝࡣ᫂☜࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡋࠊ ࡣࡼࡾ᫂☜࡞ࡾࠊࠕࡍ࡚ࡢ㈌≀ࡣ⏥ᯈ✚ ࡲࡓࠊྠ୍ࡢᩥゝࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ㐠㏦ࡀ ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀ…ࠖㄞࡵ࡚࠸ࡓᣦࡋࡲࡋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶྠࡌᙜ⪅㛫࡛ከᩘ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ ࡓࠋࠕⲴ≀ 10 ಶࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ 10 ಶࡣࠊⲴ㏦ே㸭 ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀྲྀᘬ័⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶᙇࡋ ⏝⯪⪅㸭ཷྲྀேࡢ༴㝤㈇ᢸࡼࡾࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ ࡲࡋࡓࠋุᐁࡣࠊ㐠㏦ேࡢᙇྠពࡋࠊ ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀࡿࠖࡍࡿ࡞ࠊලయⓗ࡞グ㏙ ⯪Ⲵドๆࡣ㈌≀ࢆ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡍࡿ᪨ࡀ ࡼࡾ≧ἣࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇࡣ☜ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ㈌≀ࡣ⏥ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀ ᯈ✚ࡳ࡛㐠㏦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡽࠊᮏ࣮ࣝࣝ ࡿⲴ≀ࡀ 10 ಶ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ⏥ᯈ✚ࡳ ➨ 1 ᮲(c)ࡢࠕ≀ရࠖࡣヱᙜࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ 㐠㏦ࡉࢀࡿࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⲴ≀ࠊ㆑ูࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ࣮ࣝࣝࡣ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡎࠊ⏦❧᭩ ࡢ┠༳ࢆࡅࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࠸࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋ ࡢ㏦㐩ࢆᲴୖࡆࡍࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㐠㏦ே ࡻ࠺ 2ࠋ ࡢ⏦❧࡚ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ௳ࡣࠊ㈌≀ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣ㐠㏦ேࡽࡢᦆ ᙜ⪅ࡣ⯪Ⲵドๆࡢᩥゝࡼࡾዎ⣙ୖᮏ࣮ࣝ ᐖ㈺ൾ㢠ࡢ᭱ࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵࡇࡲ࡛ࡸࢁ ࣝࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ᘬྲྀேࡀ⾜ࡗࡓูࡢᙇ ゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡃ౯್ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢥࣥ 2 ࢸࢼࡀ⏥ᯈୖࡲࡓࡣ⏥ᯈୗ✚ࡳࡅࡽࢀࡿ 䠄2001 ᖺ䠅䛂Cargo shipped on deck -- The imperfect bill of lading䠄⏥ᯈ✚䜏㈌≀ʊ䛺⯪Ⲵドๆ䠅䛃 ࡇࡢ࠶ࡿࢥࣥࢸࢼ㍺㏦࡛ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ⾜ࢃࢀ English law – Deck carriage and the Hague-Visby Rules ௨ୗ䛾ᥖ㍕グ䜒ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹Gard News160 ྕ Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࠊ㐠㏦ேࡀ⡿ᅜ࡛ ッゴᡭ⥆ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵồࡵࡓ㐠㏦ ேᑐࡍࡿッゴᕪṆ௧࠸࠺ࢆᣲࡆ࡚♧ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ English law – Deck carriage and the Hague-Visby Rules Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ⯪ဨࡢබṇ࡞ᢅ࠸ Fair treatment of seafarers Morten Lund Mathisen 㸭 Nina M. H. Hanevold 㸦Wikborg, Rein & Co㸧 ⅏ᐖㄪᰝ㛵ࡍࡿࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢᾏἲࡢつไࡀ᭱㏆ᨵṇࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢἲᚊ ึࡵ࡚⯪ဨࡢබṇ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸㛵ࡍࡿ IMO㸦ᅜ㝿ᾏᶵ㛵㸧ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡀཧ↷ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 1 ᪥Ⓨຠࡋࡓࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢᾏἲ ࢆཬࡰࡍࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⌧Ⅼ࡛࡛᫂ࡍࠋࡋ ᑐࡍࡿᨵṇࡣࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ἲᾏୖ㐠㏦㒊㛛 ࡋࠊIMO ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡀᅜෆἲ⤌ࡳධࢀࡽ ࡢᨾㄪᰝࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿ EU ᣦ௧ 2009/18/EC ࢆ⤌ ࢀࡓ࠸࠺ᐇࡣࠊㄪᰝࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ⯪ဨࡢ ࡳධࢀࡿࡓࡵ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᗣ㛵ࡋ࡚ὀពࢆᡶ࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊᨾᚋ㛵ࡍ ࡿᶵ㛵ᑐࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞ྜᅗࢆ㏦ࡗࡓࡶࡢᤊ࠼ ᪂ࡋ࠸᮲㡯ࡣࠊᨾⓎ⏕ᚋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᨾㄪ ࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᰝጤဨ㸦AIBN㸧ࡀ⾜࠺ᾏୖಖᏳ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ 㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋAIBN ࡣㄪᰝࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿 ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࢁࠊฮッゴἲࡲࡓࡣㄪᰝᐇつᐃ IMO ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࡇࢀ 㸦Prosecution Instructions㸧ࡣ IMO ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛ ࢆ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿ⩏ົࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊㄪᰝࢆ ࣥ㛵ࡍࡿୖグ㢮ఝࡋࡓཧ↷つᐃࡣ࠶ࡾࡲ බṇࡘ㎿㏿ᐇࡍࡿࡇࠊ⯪ဨࡢேᶒ࠾ࡼ ࡏࢇࠋ⫈⪺ᮇ㛫୰ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᘚㆤኈࡼࡗ ࡧ㈈⏘ᶒࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡇࠊ㐜࡞ࡃ⯪ࡲࡓ ࡚ゝཬࡉࢀࡓ࠾ࡾࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᾏἲࡢᨵṇ ࡣᮏᅜ㏦㑏ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࠊ࠸ ࡀࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࡣ㆙ᐹࡢᤚᰝ࡛ࡶྠᵝ IMO ࡢ࢞ ࠺せồ㡯ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢻࣛࣥࡀཧ↷ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ึࡢ ୍Ṍ࡞ࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ἲᨵṇࡢ‽ഛసᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ┬ࡣࠊ⯪ ࡞ཧ↷ࡀᐇࡉࢀࢀࡤἲᚊୖࡢ㔜せ࡞๓㐍࡞ ဨࡢබṇ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡣᅜෆࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾ ࡾࡲࡍࠋᾏㄪᰝࡀ AIBN ࡢᾏᏳㄪᰝᕪ ࡼࡧᅜ㝿ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ୧᪉࠾࠸࡚࡞ࡾࡢὀ┠ࢆ ࡋ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࠊྛ㆙ᐹ⟶㎄༊ࡀᾏ㞴ᨾࡢ≢⨥ⓗ 㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋEU ᣦ௧ ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ௵ົࡀㄢࡉࢀ࡚ࡽ 3 ᖺ௨ୖ 2009/18/EC ࡛ࡣࠊ⯪ဨࡣ≉ู࡞ປാ⪅༊ศ࡛࠶ ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᮇ㛫ࡢ⤒㦂ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⪃ ࡿࡇࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠᵝྠ┬ࡣࠊ ࠼ࡿࠊእᅜ࠾࠸࡚≢⨥ᤚᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ⯪ ᅜࠊἢᓊᅜ࠾ࡼࡧ⯪ဨࡢᡤᒓᅜࠊ㆙ᐹ࠾ࡼࡧ᳨ ဨࡣࠊAIBN ࡢㄪᰝ㛵ࡍࡿࡇྠ⛬ᗘࡢ ᐹᙜᒁ࡞ࡽࡧ⯪ࡀࠊከᒱࢃࡓࡿㄪᰝᡭ⥆ ཝࡋ࠸ᅔ㞴┤㠃ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡁࡀ⯪ဨ࠼࠺ࡿ㈇ᢸࡘ࠸࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝࡢࡓ ࡵࠊ⯪ဨࡣ㛗ᮇࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᮏ᮶ࡢᒃఫᆅࡽ 㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ␃ࡲࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ࠎ ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ AIBN ࡀ IMO ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥᚑࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺⤯ᑐⓗ࡞せ௳ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᙜ࢞ ࢻࣛࣥࡢ㑂Ᏺࡀㄪᰝࡢ┠ⓗ┦ࡍࡿሙྜࠊ ㄪᰝࢆඃඛࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࠕᰂ㌾ ࡞ࠖ㐠⏝ࡀࡇࡲ࡛ AIBN ࡢㄪᰝࡢ័⾜ᙳ㡪 Fair treatment of seafarers 11 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢ௰ – 㛗ᘬࡃ FRONT COMOR ྕ௳ London arbitration – The FRONT COMOR case rumbles on FRONT COMOR ྕࡢ⯪ࡣࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥ௰᮲㡯ᚑࡗ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ❧ሙࢆᏲࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ FRONT COMORྕ௳ 1ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚௨᮶⣙ 12 ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ⯪ࡢດຊࡀࠊ㐣ཤࡢグ࡛ྲྀࡾ ᖺࡀ⤒ࡕࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶ࡞࠾ࠊᘚㆤኈࠊ௰ேࠊ ୖࡆࡓḢᕞྖἲุᡤࡢุỴࢆᣍ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ุᐁࡣࡑࡢฎ⌮㏣ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋGard Newsࡢ㐣ཤࡢグ 2࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௰ᡭ⥆ࢆࢧ࣏ ⯪ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ᭷࡞௰ุ᩿ࢆᚓࡓࡇ ࣮ࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢッゴᕪṆ௧ࡣḢᕞ㐃ྜෆ࡛ ࡽࠊࡑࡢ௰ุ᩿ࢆุỴࡋ࡚ᇳ⾜ࡍࡿチྍ ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡍࡿἲົᐁࡢពぢࢆㄆࡵࡓࠊ ࢆⱥᅜࡢ㧗➼ἲ㝔ồࡵࡓࡇࢁࠊᇳ⾜チྍ Ḣᕞ㐃ྜྖἲุᡤࡢỴᐃࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࢆ⾜ ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࠊุỴࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᅇࡢグࡣࠊ⯪⏝⯪⪅࡛࠶ Erg ࡢಖ㝤♫ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ࡞ุỴ ࡿErg Petroli SpA (Erg)ࡢ㛫࡛⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ⏝⯪ ࡀ᭷ຠ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋಖ㝤♫ࡣࠊ ዎ⣙ࡢࣟࣥࢻࣥ௰᮲㡯ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ⯪ಖ ࡓ࠼ࢩࢳࣜᓥ࡛ࡢ⮬ࡽࡢッゴࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ 㝤♫ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ❧ሙࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵྲྀࡗࡓᥐ⨨ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ᭷ࡍࡿᢸಖᶒࡣⱥ ┠ࢆྥࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᅜࡢἲᚊ⟶㎄ᶒࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ⯪ ࡀࢩࢳࣜࡢุᡤࡢ࠸࡞ࡿุỴࡶⱥᅜ ⫼ᬒ ุᡤࡢุỴ࡛↓ຠࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸ ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢࣟࣥࢻࣥ௰᮲㡯ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊErg ࠺ែ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋErg ࡢಖ ࡢᙇࡀ௰ጤࡡࡽࢀࡓࡇࡀᛮ࠸ฟࡉࢀ 㝤♫ࡣࠊ௰ุ᩿ࢆุỴࡋ࡚ᇳ⾜ࡍࡿ ࡲࡍࠋErg ࡢಖ㝤♫ࡀࢩࢳࣜᓥࡢุᡤ࡛ ࠸࠺㧗➼ἲ㝔ࡢ௧ࢆྲྀࡾୗࡆࡿࡼ࠺⏦ࡋ❧ ⯪ࢆᥦッࡋࡓࡢࡣ௰ᡭ⥆ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓᚋࡢ ࡚ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ㸦ࡑࡢ௧ࢆฟࡋࡓุ ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ௰ࡣ⥅⥆ࡋࠊ2008 ᖺ ᐁࡣูࡢุᐁࡼࡾ㸧༷ୗࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ 11 ᭶ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ௰ᘐࡣ௰ุ᩿ࢆฟࡋ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ௰ᘐࡣࠊྠ௰ᘐࡣ Ergࡢಖ㝤♫ࡣࠊࡇࡢᩋࢆཷࡅධࢀࡎࠊ㧗 ࢆᑂ⌮ࡋỴᐃࢆୗࡍ⟶㎄ᶒࡀ࠶ࡿุ᩿ ➼ἲ㝔ࡢุỴࢆ᥍ッ㝔ୖッࡋࠊࡑࡢุỴࡀ ࡋࠊ⯪ࡣዎ⣙ୖࡶἲ⾜ⅭୖࡶࠊErg ࡲࡓ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ฟࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ 3ࠋ ࡣࡑࡢ⿕ಖ㝤⪅ᑐࡍࡿἲⓗ㈐௵ࡣ࡞࠸ㄆ ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋከࡃࡢሙྜࡣࠊ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢࣟࣥࢻ ୖッ ࣥ௰᮲㡯ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ௰ேࡽ ⤖ᒁࠊ3 ྡࡢ᥍ッ㝔ุᐁࡣࠊ௰ุ᩿ࡀྰᐃ ࡞ࡿ௰ᘐࡀୗࡋࡓỴᐃࢆࡶࡗ୍࡚㐃ࡢุ ⓗ࡞ᐉゝ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡗࡓᙜ⪅ࡣ┦ᡭ᪉ᙜ ࡣ⤖ᮎࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡍࡀࠊErg ࡢಖ㝤♫ࡣࠊࢩࢳ ⪅ᑐࡍࡿἲⓗ㈐௵ࡀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ㸧࡛ ࣜᓥ࡛ࡢッゴࢆ⥅⥆ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⤖ᯝⓗࠊ ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊ1996 ᖺ௰ἲࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊุᡤࡣ ࡇࡢッゴࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢ௰ࢆඃඛࡋࠊッ ௰ุ᩿ࡢ᮲௳࠾࠸ุ࡚Ỵࢆグ㘓ࡍࡿᶒ㝈 ゴࡢ୰Ṇ㛵ࡋ࡚ⱥᅜࡢุᡤࡢຊῧ࠼ࢆᚓ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ≉ 1996 ᖺ௰ἲ➨ 66 ᮲㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋྠἲ ➨ 66 ᮲ࡣḟࡢグ㍕ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 1 West Tankers Inc. ᑐ Allianz SPA and Generali Assicurazione Generali SPA ௳ 2 ௨ୗ䛾ᥖ㍕グ䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹Gard News194 ྕ 䛂The FRONT COMOR – The European Court of Justice decision䠄FRONT COMOR ྕ௳– Ḣᕞྖἲุᡤ䛾ุ Ỵ䠅䛃䚸Gard News193 ྕ䛂The slow death of English maritime law?䠄ⱥᅜ䛾ᾏἲ䛿ᚎ䚻䛻䛺䛟䛺䜛䠛䠅䛃 London arbitration – The FRONT COMOR case rumbles on 3 West Tankers Inc.ᑐ Allianz SpA and Generali Assicurazione Generali SPA ௳ 䠄FRONT COMOR ྕ ௳䠅([2012]EWCA Civ 27) 12 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࠕ1. ௰ྜពᚑࡗ࡚௰ᘐࡀฟࡋࡓ௰ุ ࡚㐩ᡂࡋ࠺ࡿࡢྠࡌ᪉ἲ࡛ࠊ௰ุ᩿ࢆᇳ ᩿ࡣࠊุᡤࡢチྍࢆᚓࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊྠࡌ ⾜ࡍࡿチྍࢆุᡤࡀ࡞ࡐ࠼࡞࠸ࡀ⌮ゎ ㊃᪨ࡢุỴࡲࡓࡣุᡤ௧ྠ୍ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ௰ุ᩿ࡢ᮲௳ุ࡛Ỵࢆグ㘓 ᇳ⾜ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡍࡿチྍࢆ࠼ࡿࠖ㏙ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 2. ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞チྍࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡓሙྜࠊุỴࡣࠊ ௰ุ᩿ࡢ᮲௳࡚グ㘓ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡲࡵ ࡿࠋࠖ ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢ௰ࢆᐃࡵࡓዎ⣙ࡢᙜ⪅࡛࠶ ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡢ EU ຍ┕ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ྠࡌࡢ ࠕᇳ⾜ࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ࠺ゎ㔘ࡍࡁࡘ ッゴ┤㠃ࡋࠊࡘゐࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ุỴࢆཷ ࠸࡚ࠊከࡃࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋErg ࡢಖ㝤 ࡅࡿࣜࢫࢡࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇ ♫ࡣࠊᐉゝุỴࠊ≉ྰᐃⓗ࡞ᐉゝุỴ ࡢุỴࡣ㔜せ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ㄡᑐࡋ࡚ࡶఱࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆồࡵ࡞࠸ࡶ ࡢ㸧ࡣࠊ㸦⾜ືࡀఱࡽせồࡉࢀࡎࠊᚲせࡶ ࡇࡢグࡢసᡂ࠶ࡓࡾࠊFRONT COMOR ྕ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸧ࠕᇳ⾜ࠖࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡢ⯪ಖ㝤♫ࡢᘚㆤኈ࡛࠶ࡿ Ince & Co.ࡢ ࡞࠸㏙ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⯪ࡣࠊࡇࡢゎ㔘ࡣ࠶ࡲ ࡈຓຊឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡾࡶᏐྃ㏻ࡾࡢゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⯪ࡢぢゎ࡛ࡣࠊ௰ἲ➨ 66 ᮲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ௰ ᡭ⥆ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿࡇࡢࠊ௰ุ᩿ ࢆᇳ⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃࠊ௰ุ᩿ࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼࡾ ༢⣧࡞ᡭ⥆ࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡾࢃ ࡅࠊⱥᅜࡢ௰ุ᩿ࡣ௰ἲ➨ 58 ᮲ᇶ࡙࠸ ࡚⮬ືⓗᣊ᮰ຊࢆ⏕ࡌࡿ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡽࠊ ࠕᢎㄆࠖࠕᇳ⾜ࠖࡢ༊ูࡣⱥᅜࡢ௰ุ᩿ ࡛ࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⯪ࡢᙇ࡛ࡋ ࡓࠋ ᥍ッ㝔ࡣࠊࡇࡢ⯪ࡢពぢྠពࡋࠊୖッࢆ Რ༷ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᥍ッ㝔ࡣࠊ➨ 66 ᮲ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ 㝿ࡣࠊ⯪ࡀᙇࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡼࡾᗈ⩏ࡢ ゎ㔘ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ุỴࢆ㏙ࡓุᐁࡣࠊࠕࢥ࣮ࣔࣥࣟୖࡣࠊ ⮬ࡽ᭷࡞ᐉゝⓗ࡞௰ุ᩿ࢆᚓࡓ௰ᙜ ⪅ࡣࠊ௰ุ᩿ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊุᡤࡣ㐺ษุ᩿ࡍࡿሙྜࠊ ྠࡌ᮲௳ࡼࡿᐉゝࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᚋ ⪅ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣ➨ 66 ᮲➨ 4 㡯࡛᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡶࡢࡢࠊ➨ 66 ᮲ࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ௰ุ᩿ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢッゴࡢᥦ㉳௦ࢃࡿࡼࡾ༢⣧࡞᪉ἲ ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡔ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ㐺ษ࡞ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௰ุ᩿ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢッゴࡼࡗ London arbitration – The FRONT COMOR case rumbles on Gard News 206 May/July 2012 NYPE ࣥࢱ࣮ࢡࣛࣈ࣭ࢢ࣮࣓ࣜࣥࢺ – ຠၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᅜุᡤࡢุỴ NYPE Inter-Club Agreement – English court decision on time bar issue ࣥࢱ࣮ࢡࣛࣈ࣭ࢢ࣮࣓ࣜࣥࢺᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿ 2 ᖺ࠸࠺ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㏻▱ᮇ㛫ࡣࠊ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢ᮲௳ ලయⓗ᫂♧ࡉࢀࡿຠ᮲㡯ඃඛࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᴫせ ࡿุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊICAࡢ 2 ᖺ NYPEࣥࢱ࣮ࢡࣛࣈ࣭ࢢ࣮࣓ࣜࣥࢺ ࠸࠺ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㏻▱ᮇ㛫ࡣࠊྠᵝ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢ 㸦ICA㸧ࡣࠊNew York Produce Exchange᭩ᘧ ᮲௳ලయⓗᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿຠ᮲㡯ඃඛ ࠾ࡼࡧAsbatime᭩ᘧࡢᐃᮇ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ᇶ࡙ࡃ ࡍࡿྰ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࡲࡔゎỴ ㈌≀ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡋࠊ㈐௵ࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡓࡵࡢ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ つᐃ࡛ࡍࠋICAࡣࠊ1970 ᖺึࡵ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࠊ ࡑࡢᚋࡢኚ᭦ࡣGard News࡛ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲ ᮏ௳ࡢᐇ 1 ࡍ ࠋࡑࡢ᭱᪂∧㸦2011 ᖺ∧㸧ࡣࠊ2011 ᖺ 9 ᭶ ၥ㢟ࡢุࡢ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡣࠊಟṇ 1 ᪥ᅜ㝿P&Iࢡࣛࣈࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ NYPE1946 ᭩ᘧᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ 2 ࡛බ⾲ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ ࠋࡇࡢつᐃࡣࠊࢥࢫࢺ ICA 1996 ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ 㛫ࡢࡿッゴࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࠸࠺ICAࡢᇶᮏⓗ ⪅㛫ࡢதⅬࡣࠊ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢ➨ 39 ᮲(2)㸦ಟṇ ࡞┠ⓗࢆᫎࡋ࡚ࠊICAࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡍࡿᢸಖ Centrocon ᮲㡯㸧ࡣ ICA ࡢ➨ 2 ᮲㸦㐺⏝⠊ᅖ㸧 つᐃࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡢ༙ࡀᐇ⌧ ࠾ࡼࡧ➨ 6 ᮲㸦ຠ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊICAࡢゎ㔘ࢆᕠࡗ 㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡀ㔜せ ࡚⣮தࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦≉ ࡛࠶ࡿ⌮⏤ࠊࡲࡓ⣮தࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ゐࡍࡿ᮲㡯ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸧ࠋඛ 㸦⏝⯪⪅ࡼࡿ㸧ICA ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡣࠊICA ➨ 2 ᪥ࠊࡑࡢ⣮தࡢ 1 ࡀⱥᅜࡢุᡤࡢุỴࢆ㏄ ᮲ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ㏻▱ᮇ㝈࡛࠶ࡿ 24 ᭶ ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢุỴࡣࠊຠၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ௨ෆ㸦⯪㸧㏻▱ࡉࢀࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ௰ุ᩿ࡽࡢ᭹⏦❧࡚㛵ࡍ ⏝⯪ዎ⣙➨ 39 ᮲(2)ᐃࡵࡿ 12 ᭶ࡢຠࡀ 3 ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ ࠋ ⤒㐣ࡍࡿࡲ࡛௰ᡭ⥆ࡀ㸦⏝⯪⪅ࡼࡗ࡚㸧 㛤ጞࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋヱᙜࡍࡿ᮲㡯 4 ඛ ࡣࠊ⮳ୖ⣙Ḱࡼࡾ࣮࣊ࢢ㸭࣮࣊ࢢ࣭ࣦ ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢫࣅ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡀ⏝⯪ዎ⣙⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ ⏝⯪ዎ⣙➨ 39 ᮲(2): ሙྜࠊ2 ᖺ࠸࠺ICAࡢࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㏻▱ᮇ㛫㸦ୗ ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡣ᭩㠃ࡼࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ グࢆཧ↷㸧ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢢ㸭࣮࣊ࢢ࣭ࣦࢫࣅ ࡽࡎࠊ⏦❧ேࡢ௰ேࡣ᭱⤊Ⲵᥭࡆࡢᚋ 12 ࣮࣭࣮ࣝࣝ➨ 3 ᮲➨ 6 㡯ᐃࡵࡿᡭ⥆ࡢ㛤ጞ ᭶௨ෆ㑅௵ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᐃ 㛵ࡍࡿ 1 ᖺࡢຠඃඛࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆ◚Რࡍ ࡵࡀ㑂Ᏺࡉࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡣᨺᲠ ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࠊ㝖ࡉࢀࡿࡶ 1 ࡢࡍࡿࠋࠖ ௨ୗ䛾ᥖ㍕グ➼䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹Gard News143 ྕ 䠄1996 ᖺ䠅䛂Inter-Club Agreement – Comparison between 1984 and 1996 forms䠄䜲䞁䝍䞊䜽䝷䝤䞉䜰䜾䝸䞊䝯䞁䝖 – 1984 ᖺ᭩ᘧ䛸 1996 ᖺ᭩ᘧ䛾ẚ㍑䠅䛃 ICA ➨ 2 ᮲: ࠕᮏࢢ࣮࣓ࣜࣥࢺࡢ᮲௳ࡣࠊࡇࢀ␗࡞ࡿ 2 Gard 䛾 P&I 䝯䞁䝞䞊ᅇሗ No.7䠄2011 ᖺ䠅䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥 䛔䚹 ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢ࠸࡞ࡿᐃࡵࢃࡽࡎ㐺⏝ࡉ ࢀࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ≉ࠊ➨(6)㡯㸦ຠ㸧ࡢつ 3 Genius Star 1 ྕ௳([2012] 1 Lloyd’s Law Reports Plus 3) 4 Strathnewton ྕ௳([1983] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 219)䛚䜘䜃 Banlawers ྕ௳ ([1989] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 51) NYPE Inter-Club Agreement – English court decision on time bar issue ᐃࡣࠊࡇࢀ␗࡞ࡿ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢᐃࡵࡲࡓࡣἲ つ⠊ࢃࡽࡎ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋࠖ 13 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ICA ➨ 6 ᮲: ⪅ࡢࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡣຠࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠊ ࠕ㈌≀ࡢᘬΏࡋ᪥ࡲࡓࡣ㈌≀ࡀᘬΏࡉࢀࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᪥ࡽ 24 ᭶௨ෆ㈌≀ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ ࡇࡢࡣࠊᚋࡢ ICA ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡗ࡚᭷ ࡀ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢ┦ᡭ᪉ᙜ⪅᭩㠃࡛㏻▱ࡉࢀ ⏝࡞ࡶࡢ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋุỴ࡛ཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓἲᚊ ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ⯪ࡲࡓࡣ⏝⯪⪅ࡼࡿᮏࢢࣜ ᩥ᭩࠾࠸࡚ࡍࡽࠊᮏ௳ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠾࠸ ࣮࣓ࣥࢺᇶ࡙ࡃ⿵ൾ㢠ࡣࠊᨺᲠࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ ࡚ゐࡍࡿຠࡢゎỴࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉㣗࠸㐪࠸ࡀ ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࠊ㝖ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ ぢࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡢ᮲㡯 ࡓࡔࡋࠊἲࡢ㐺⏝ࡼࡾࠊࣁࣥࣈࣝࢢ࣭࣮ࣝ ࢆࡢ᭩ᘧࡢ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡽᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࡇࡶࠊ ࣝࡲࡓࡣࡇࢀ㛵ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡞ᅜෆἲࡀࠊ㐠㏦ ຓࡅࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ዎ⣙ࡲࡓࡣ㐠㏦ࡢ࠺ࡕ⏝⯪ࡉࢀࡓ⯪⯧࡛ࡢ㐠 ㏦࠶ࡓࡿ㒊ศᙉไⓗ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙྜ ࡣࠊࡑࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ 36 ᭶ࡍࡿࠋྍ⬟࡞ሙྜࠊ ࡿ㏻▱ࡣࠊ㐠㏦ዎ⣙ࡢヲ⣽ࠊࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ ࡢෆᐜ࠾ࡼࡧࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㔠㢠ࢆグ㍕ࡍࡿࡶࡢ ࡍࡿࠋࠖ ุỴ ุᐁࡣࠊࡾࢃࡅࠊ1 ࡘࡢ᮲㡯㸦ICA ➨ 6 ᮲㸧ࡣࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㏻▱ࢆᢅ࠸ࠊࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘ㸦⏝⯪ ዎ⣙➨ 39 ᮲(2)㸧ࡣࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㛵ࡍࡿἲⓗᡭ⥆ ࡢ㛤ጞࢆᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡽࠊゎ㔘ࡀ ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ᭱⤊ ⓗุᐁࡣࠊICA ➨ 2 ᮲⏝⯪ዎ⣙➨ 39 ᮲ (2)ࡣྠゎ㔘࡛ࡁࠊICA ⮬యࡣ ICA ➨ 6 ᮲ ࢆඃඛࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ゐࡍࡿຠつᐃࢆゎỴ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋICA ➨ 2 ᮲ࡢព ↷ࡽࡍࠊ⏝⯪ዎ⣙➨ 39 ᮲(2)ࡣ ICA ➨ 6 ᮲ࠕ␗࡞ࡿ(contrary)ࠖຠ࡛࠶ࡿุᐁ ࡣุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊุᐁࡣࠊ ➨ 39 ᮲(2)ࡢࠕࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ(any claim)ࠖ࠸࠺ᩥ ゝࡣࠊICA ➨ 2 ᮲࠾ࡼࡧ➨ 6 ᮲ඹㄞࡴࠊ ICA ᇶ࡙ࡃࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࢆ㝖ࡃࡍ࡚ࡢࢡ࣮ࣞ ࣒㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿㄆࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡣࠊᐇୖࠊICA ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㛵ࡍ ࡿຠࡢࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㛵ࡍࡿຠ࠸࠺ࠊ2 ࡘࡢຠไᗘࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡵ ุᐁࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡣⱥᅜἲࡀ㐺⏝ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊ6 ᖺ࠸࠺ἲᐃࡢຠᮇ㛫ࡀ 㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⏝⯪ NYPE Inter-Club Agreement – English court decision on time bar issue Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ⱥᅜἲ – CONWARTIME 1993 ࢆゎ㔘 English law – CONWARTIME 1993 explained ⱥᅜࡢ㧗➼ἲ㝔ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡢุỴ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᡓத༴㝤⣙Ḱࡢぢ┤ࡋࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢุỴࡣࠊ ᾏ㈫ฟἐᾏᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࢹࣥ‴࡛᫆ࢆ⾜࠺⤌ྜဨࡗ࡚ࠊ㔜せ࡞ุỴ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୧ᙜ⪅ࠊከᩘࡢ᮲௳ࡀᢡࡾྜ࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑ ࡢ⤒㊰࡛ࡢ⯟⾜ྠពࡍࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⯪ࡢ 㛫࡛ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ⯪⯧ࡀ ࢪࣈࣛࣝࢱࣝ฿╔ࡍࡿⅬࡲ࡛ྜព⮳ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ⯪ࡣ Pacific ࡢᣦ♧ࢆᣄྰࡋࠊ ႐ᮃᓠ⤒⏤࡛⯟㊰ࢆ㐍ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀక࠸⏝ ⯪⪅⏕ࡌࡓ㏣ຍ㈝⏝ࡣࠊ45 ⡿ࢻࣝ㉸ୖࡾ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡢ௰クࡉࢀࠊ௰ ⱥᅜࡢ㧗➼ἲ㝔ࡣࠊࢹࣥ‴ࡣᾏ㈫ࡢ༴㝤ࡀ ࡛ࡣࠊ⯪᭷࡞ุ᩿ࡀฟࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⌮⏤ࠊTRITON LARKྕࡢ⯪ࡀ ࢀࡼࡾࠊ⏝⯪⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Pacific Basin ࡣࠊ㧗➼ ⯪ࡢ⯟㊰ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⏝⯪⪅ࡢ௧ࢆᣄྰࡍࡿࡇ ἲ㝔᭹ࢆ⏦ࡋ❧࡚ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྰࡘ࠸࡚ࠊุỴࢆୗࡍ⮳ࡾ ࡲࡋࡓ 1ࠋ CONWARTIME 1993 ࡢつᐃ ၥ㢟ࡢ CONWARTIME ᮲㡯ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ ᐇ つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ௳㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⏝⯪⣔⤫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ ࠕ1993 ᖺᐃᮇ⏝⯪ྥࡅ BIMCO ᶆ‽ᡓத༴㝤⣙ ࢇࡀ NYPE ᭩ᘧࡼࡿᐃᮇ⏝⯪࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ Ḱ㸦BIMCO Standard War Risk Clause for Time ࡢࠊࡑࡢ⣔⤫ࡢᮎ➃࡛ࡣ Gencon ᭩ᘧࡼࡿ⯟ Charters㸧 ᾏ⏝⯪ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋၥ㢟ࡢ⣮த㐺⏝ ࢥ࣮ࢻࢿ࣮࣒: ࠗCONWARTIME 1993࠘ ࡉࢀࡿ⏝⯪ዎ⣙ࡣ NYPE ᭩ᘧࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ (1) ᮏ⣙Ḱ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢ⏝ㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௨ CONWARTIME 1993 ᮲㡯ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ ୗࡢᐃࡵࡢ࠾ࡾࡍࡿࠋ ࡓࠋ (1)(b) ࠕᡓத༴㝤ࠖࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࠊࡑࡢ㈌≀ࠊ⯪ ဨࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ⤌ဨࡗ࡚༴㝤ࡓࡾ࠺ࡿࠊ 㧗➼ἲ㝔࡛ࡢッゴᡭ⥆ࡢ⿕࿌࡛࠶ࡿ ࡲࡓࡣ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡋࡃࡣ༴㝤࡞ࡿ࠾ࡑࢀ Bulkhandling ࡣࠊ2008 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࠊཎ࿌࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀ࠶ࡿ⯪㛗࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲࡓࡣ⯪ࡀྜ⌮ⓗุ Pacific Basin ᑐࡋ࡚ TRITON LARK ྕࢆ⏝⯪ ᩿ࡍࡿ … ᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽ … ࢆྵࡴࠋࠖ ฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ2008 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࠊPacific Basin ࡣࠊ (2) ࠕ⯪⯧ࡣࠊ๓⯪ࡢ᭩㠃ࡼࡿྠពࢆᚓ Ⅳ㓟࣒࢝ࣜ࢘ࢆࡤࡽ✚ࡳࡋ࡚ࣁࣥࣈࣝࢡࡽ୰ ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ⯪⯧ࠊࡑࡢ㈌≀ࠊ⯪ဨࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ ᅜ⯟⾜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺⯪⯧ࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ ⤌ဨࡀᡓத༴㝤 … ࡉࡽࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣ Pacific Basin ࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡣࢫ࢚ࢬࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࢹ ࡑࡢ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ⯪㛗࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲࡓࡣ⯪ࡀ ࣥ‴ࢆ㏻ࡿࡼ࠺ࡢ⯟ᾏᣦ♧ࢆฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ྜ⌮ⓗุ᩿ࡍࡿ ࠊሙᡤࠊᆅᇦࡲࡓࡣᆅᖏ … ྥ࠺ࠊࡲࡓࡣ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇ 1 Pacific Basin IHX Limited ᑐ Bulkhandling Handymax AS ௳䠄TRITON LARK ྕ௳䠅( [2012] EWHC 70 (Comm))䛚 䜘䜃 Pacific Basin IHX Limited ᑐ Bulkhandling Handymax AS ௳䠄TRITON LARK ྕ௳䠅( [2011] EWHC 2862 (Comm)) English law – CONWARTIME 1993 explained ࠊࡲࡓࡣồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ 14 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 㧗➼ἲ㝔ࡢุỴ ⾜ࡃࡼ࠺ࡌࡽࢀࡓࡁ⯪ࡲࡓࡣ⯪㛗 Teare J ุᐁࡣࠊࡇࡢ⣙Ḱࡢ᮲㡯ࡣࠊࡑࡢయ ࡀᑐฎࡍࡁၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡑࡢሙᡤࡀᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࡺ࠼ ࢆㄞࡴࠊࠕ⯪㛗ࡲࡓࡣ⯪ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ⯪⯧ࠊ ༴㝤ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊ⯪⯧ࡀᾏ ࡑࡢ㈌≀ࡲࡓࡣ⯪ဨࡀᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࢆཷࡅ࠺ࡿࠊ ㈫⾜Ⅽࢆཷࡅࡿ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ ࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࠊḟࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㏙ࡲࡋࡓࠋఱࡀ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࡣࠊ ࡞ᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࡀ༴㝤ࡓࡾ࠺ࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣ༴㝤࡛࠶ ௰ேࡀࡑࡢᡭඖࡢドᣐᇶ࡙࠸࡚ホ౯ࡍࡁ ࡿࡶࡋࡃࡣ༴㝤࡞ࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡘ ᐇၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊᮏ௳ࡣࠊ௰ேᕪ ࠸࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸ ࡋᡠࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠺ࡇࢆពࡍࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡵ ุᐁࡣࠊ1993 ᖺ CONWARTIME ᮲㡯ࡢ➨ 2 㡯 ุỴࡣࠊ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ⾜ࡃࡼ࠺ࡢ௧ࡘ࠸ ࡢࠕ㺃㺃㺃࠺ࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢุ᩿ࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ༴㝤ࡢᘏ㔜 ࠺ᩥゝࡣ␗࡞ࡿ 2 ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆᬯ♧ࡍࡿ ࡉࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ⯪⯧ࡀࡑࡇ฿╔ࡋࡓ㝿ࠊᡓ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୍ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ⾲ࡑ࠺ த༴㝤ࢆ⌮⏤ヱᙜሙᡤࡀ⯪⯧ࡗ࡚༴㝤࡛ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊṇࡋ࠸ุᐃᇶ‽ࡣࠕ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞࠾ࡑ ࠶ࡿࠊ༴㝤࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ⌧ᐇ ࢀ㸦real likelihood㸧ࠖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓྰ࡛࠶ࡿ ⓗ࡞࠾ࡑࢀࠖࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊ⯪㛗ࡣࡑࡢ௧ ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࠕ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞࠾ࡑࢀࠖࡣࠊ௨ୗ ࢆᣄྰࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ – ᠈ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃドᣐᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋ ⯆῝࠸ࡇࠊTRITON LARK ྕ௳ࡣ – Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿぢ㎸ࡳࡀศศ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ CONWARTIME 1993 㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ึࡢุỴ࡛࠶ࡿ ฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ≉ࠊࡑࡢ⣙Ḱࡀ⌧ᅾ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ – ࢇࡢࢃࡎࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࠋ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊၥ㢟ࡢ᮲㡯ࡀ CONWARTIME 2004 VOYWAR 2004 ࡢ᮲㡯 ௰ேࡣࠊ➨ 2 㡯ࡢၥ㢟ࡢᩥゝࡣࠕ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞࠾ ࡶ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢุỴࡣཧ ࡑࢀ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ῝้࡞༴㝤㸦serious risk㸧ࠖ ⪃ࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢุỴࡀࠊ┦ ࢆពࡍࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶࡗࡶࠊุࡀ ᙜከᩘࡢᙜ⪅㸦≉ᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࡀ᪥ᖖⲔ㣤 ᣦࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᩥゝࡢ㛫┦㐪ࡣ࠶ ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᾏᇦ࡛᫆ࢆ⾜࠺⪅㸧ᙳ㡪ࢆ ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡣࡈࡃࢃࡎ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊุᐁ ࠼ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᙜ⪅ࡣࠊ ࡣࠊ௰ேࡣุᐃᇶ‽ࢆㄗࡗࡓ᪉ἲ࡛㐺⏝ࡋࡓ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞༴㝤ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢุᐃᇶ‽ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ࠸ࡎ ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ❧ሙࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢀ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ i. ฟ᮶㸦ᮏ௳࡛ࡣࠊᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ㸧 ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ῝้࡞༴㝤 ii. ῝้࡞ฟ᮶㸦ᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ㸧ࡀⓎ ⏕ࡍࡿ༴㝤 ุᐁࡣࠊ๓⪅ࡀ㐺⏝ࡍࡁṇࡋ࠸ุᐃᇶ‽࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ௰ேࡣᚋ⪅ࡢุᐃᇶ‽ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓ ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࡢᑂ⌮࡛ࠊุᐁࡣࠊୖグࡢุᐃᇶ‽ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࢆཷࡅࡿࠖࡇࡢពࢆ᫂☜ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀࠊࡉࡽ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠕ࠶ࡿሙᡤ English law – CONWARTIME 1993 explained Gard News 206 May/July 2012 SIGTTO ࡢ LNG ㍺㏦࣮࣒࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࢽ࣮࣍ࣝࢻࡢ ࢻࣞࣥࠊࣃ࣮ࢪࠊษࡾ㞳ࡋᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ SIGTTO advice on LNG transfer arms and manifold draining, purging and disconnection procedure ᅜ㝿࢞ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝㐠⯟⪅࠾ࡼࡧᇶᆅ᧯ᴗ⪅༠ 㸦SIGTTO: The Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators㸧ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᴗ⏺ཧຍ ⪅ࡀ⤒㦂ࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊඹ㏻ࡢၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ࣋ ࢫࢺࣉࣛࢡࢸࢫཷࡅධࢀྍ⬟࡞つ᱁ࡢホ౯ ᇶ‽㛵ࡍࡿྜពࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ タ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋSIGTTOࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊᏳ࡛⎔ ቃ㓄៖ࡋࡓಙ㢗ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᾮ࢞ࢫࡢ㍺㏦ᇶ ᆅࡢ᧯ᴗࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ SIGTTO ࡣࠊLNG ㍺㏦࣮࣒࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࢽ࣮࣍ࣝ ࢻࡢࢻࣞࣥࠊࣃ࣮ࢪࠊษࡾ㞳ࡋᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ່ ࿌㸦Advice on LNG Transfer arms and manifold draining, purging and disconnection㸧ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡲࡋ ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⯪✚ࡳ࠾ࡼࡧⲴᥭࡆᚋࡢษࡾ㞳ࡋ ᡭ㡰ࡢᏳ࡞ᐇࡘ࠸୍࡚㒊ࡢ⯪♫࠾ࡼࡧ ᇶᆅ᧯ᴗ⪅ࡢ㛫ΰࡸㄗゎࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ ከᩘࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡽࡢሗ࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ✺ሐࡽ⯪⯧ࡢⲴᙺ⨨ࢆษࡾ㞳ࡍ㝿ࡢ✲ᴟࡢ ┠ᶆࡣࠊᾮయὶฟࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ࡞ࡃࡋࠊẼᨺฟ ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ່࿌ ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㐠⯟⪅ࡀ࣐ࢽ࣮࣍ࣝࢻ᥋⥆ ࡢࢻࣞࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࣃ࣮ࢪࡢᐇᡭ㡰ࢆ㐺ษぢ ┤ࡋࠊసᴗࡢ㛤ጞ๓ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡭ㡰ࡘ࠸࡚⯪ ⯧ഃᇶᆅഃ࡛༠㆟ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ྜពࡍࡿࡇࡼ ࡾࠊⰋࡁၟ័⾜ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ “LNG good industry practice Transfer Arms and Manifold Draining, Purging and Disconnection Procedure”ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡣࠊSIGTTOࡢWebࢧࢺ 㸦www.sigtto.org㸧ࡽࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ SIGTTO advice on LNG transfer arms and manifold draining, purging and disconnection procedure 15 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ⡿ᅜἲ – ࡵࡗࡓ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡓࡲࡣᡶ࠺ࡼࡾࡶࡽ࠺࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ – ⡿ᅜᨻᗓࠊ㔜࡞ཎἜởᰁᨾࡢ㈝⏝ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ 86ࣞODZ– Sometimes it is better to receive than to give… but only rarely – US government makes reimbursement in major oil pollution cases ⡿ᅜ࡛ཎἜὶฟᨾࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡢࢇࡢᅜࡼࡾࡶᑐᛂ㈝⏝ࡀࡿࡇࡀࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀࠊὶฟᨾᑐᛂ㈝⏝ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㈝⏝ࡢ ୍㒊ࡢ㏉㑏ࢆཷࡅࡿ㈨᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ Ἔ⃮ἲࡀ 1990 ᖺ 8 ᭶ไᐃࡉࢀ࡚௨᮶ࠊ1 ࢺ ࣥᙜࡓࡾࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣୖ᪉ಟṇࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲ ࡓࠊ2006 ᖺࡣࠊࢲࣈࣝࣁࣝࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝ ࠕࢩࣥࢢࣝࢫ࢟ࣥࠖࡢࡳࡢࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࢝ࡣ␗ ࡞ࡿไ㝈ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࠊ๓⪅ࡣࡼࡾᑠࡉ࠸㈐ ௵㝈ᗘ㢠ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࠊࢲࣈࣝ ࣁࣝࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ ࡁ࠸㢠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ – 1 ⥲ࢺࣥ࠶ࡓࡾ 2,000 ⡿ࢻࣝ ᭱㏆ࡢ – ⯪⯧ࡢ⥲ࢺࣥᩘࡀ 3,000 ࢺࣥ㉸ࡢሙྜࡣ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠊ⡿ᅜἢᓊ㆙ഛ㝲㸦USCG㸧ࡣࠊ 1,710 ⡿ࢻࣝࠊ⥲ࢺࣥᩘࡀ 3,000 ࢺࣥ௨ୗࡢ SELENDANG AYU ྕ㛵ࡍࡿⓎ⾲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋ ሙྜࡣ 430 ⡿ࢻࣝ ࡓࠋྠ⯪ࡣࠊ2004 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࠊࣛࢫ࡛࢝⯪య ࡽ⣙ 35 ࢞ࣟࣥࡶࡢཎἜࢆᾏὒὶฟࡉࡏ ࠕࢩࣥࢢࣝࢫ࢟ࣥࠖࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣࠊ ࡿᗙ♋ᨾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ⯪⯧࡛ࡍ㸦ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ୖグࡢ㔠㢠ࡼࡾ㧗㢠࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡁ ᩆຓάື୰ࡢ࣑ࢫࡽࠊ6 ྡࡢ⯪ဨࡀṚஸࡋࡓ ࠸㢠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡶゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍ㸧ࠋUSCG ࡢⓎ⾲ࡋ – 1 ⥲ࢺࣥ࠶ࡓࡾ 3,200 ⡿ࢻࣝ ࡓෆᐜࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࡇࡢᝒ࡞ – ⯪⯧ࡢ⥲ࢺࣥᩘࡀ 3,000 ࢺࣥ㉸ࡢሙྜࡣ ᨾకࡗ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓởᰁ㛵㐃ࡍࡿฟ㈝ࡢ 2,350 ⡿ࢻࣝࠊ3,000 ࢺࣥ௨ୗࡢሙྜࡣ 640 ㏉㑏ࢆཷࡅࡿ㈨᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠸ ⡿ࢻࣝ ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ ࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝௨እࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ࠸ࡎ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢀࡁ࠸㢠࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ – 1 ⥲ࢺࣥ࠶ࡓࡾ 1,000 ⡿ࢻࣝ ἲⓗᯟ⤌ࡳ – 85.4 ⡿ࢻࣝ ࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢỴᐃࡢἲⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ ࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ1990 ᖺἜ⃮ἲ㸦OPA90㸧ࡣࠊ ࠼ࡤࠊ⥲ࢺࣥᩘ⣙ 95,000 ࢺࣥࡢ࢚ࢡࢯ࣭ࣥ ⯪⯧ࡽࡢཎἜࡢὶฟᑐࡍࡿ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵 ࣂࣝࢹ࣮ࢬྕྠつᶍࡢ⯪⯧ࡢሙྜࠊࢩࣥ ಀ⪅㸦ࠕ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࠖ㸧ࡢ㈐௵ࢆᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡲ ࢢࣝࣁ࡛ࣝ࠶ࢀࡤࠊOPA90 ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣ 3 ൨ ࡍࡀࠊྠἲ࡛ࡣࠊ㈝⏝ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡍࡿ㈐ 400 ⡿ࢻࣝ࡞ࡾࠊࢲࣈࣝࣁ࡛ࣝ࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢ ௵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢺࣥᩘࡼࡿไ㝈ࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚ 㢠ࡣ 1 ൨ 9,000 ⡿ࢻࣝ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 86ODZ– Sometimes it is better to receive than to give… but only rarely – US government makes reimbursement in major oil pollution cases 16 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣࠊ㏻㈌㸭≀౯ࡢࣥࣇࣞ ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ కࡗ࡚ᘬࡁୖࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࡿᶒࡣ႙ኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㝈ᗘ㢠⮬యࡀᴟࡵ࡚㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ ᢈุࡍࡿேࡓࡕࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱㏆ࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡇࢀࡣูࡢ⌮⏤ࡽࠊOPA90 ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡀ↓ 2010 ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࣉ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮࣭࣍ࣛࢬࣥࡢ ព࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘ ⇿Ⓨࠊࡑࢀ㉳ᅉࡍࡿつᶍ࡞ởᰁ㛵㐃 ࡲࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᾏୖ࡛ࡢཎἜὶฟࡢከࡃࡣࠊⓎ ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡀୖࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᨾ ⏕ࡍࡿ㈝⏝ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡀࢺࣥᩘᇶ࡙ࡃ㝈ᗘ ࡛ࡣࠊఱⓒ൨ࢻࣝ࠸࠺ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡀ࠶ࡿ୰ 㢠ࡢỈ‽ࢆࡁࡃୗᅇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡢ㐺 ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾏὒタ࠸࠺ศ㢮ࡽࠊኳ↛㈨※ ⏝ࡢ᭷↓ࡣၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡢᦆᐖ⤒῭ⓗᦆᐖᑐࡋ࡚ OPA90 ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠 7,500 ⡿ࢻࣝࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࡓࡔࡋࠊ㝖 ༑ศ᳨ウࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡉࡽ௨ୗࡢ 2 Ⅼ ཤ㈝⏝ࡣ↓ไ㝈㸧ࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓไ㝈ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㐨 ࡲࡎࠊOPA90 ᇶ࡙ࡃཎἜὶฟ㈐௵ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ⊃ࡃࠊ㝤ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡎ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡣࠊኳኚᆅ␗ࠊᡓத⾜Ⅽࠊ➨୕⪅ࡢసⅭࡲࡓ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲ ࡣసⅭ࠸ࡗࡓ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ᢠᘚࡀᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࠊཎἜὶฟࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ – 㔜㐣ኻ⾜Ⅽࡲࡓࡣᨾពࡢἲ⾜Ⅽࢆ♧ࡍドᣐ ࠸࡞ࡿ㈐௵ࡶᏑᅾ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣ୍ษ㐺⏝ ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣࡵࡗࡓ࠶ࡾ ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡏࢇࠋᖹࡓࡃゝ࠼ࡤࠊ⡿ᅜ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓཎἜ – ὶฟࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㏆ᅉࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢᏳࠊᵓ ὶฟᨾ࡛ࡣࠊࡰእ࡞ࡃࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵 㐀ࠊࡲࡓࡣ㐠⯟㛵ࡍࡿせồ㡯ࡢ㐪ࡀ࠶ ಀ⪅ࡀཝ᱁㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡗࡓሙྜࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣ୍ษ㐺⏝ࡉ ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ➨ 2 ࠊOPA901ᐃࡵࡿ㝈ᗘ㢠ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᾏ – ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㸭㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࡀᨾࡢሗ࿌ 㞴ᨾ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ἲᚊ࡛࠶ࡿ 1851 ᖺ ࢆ㐺ษ⾜ࢃࡎࠊ㝖ཤసᴗ༠ຊࡋ࡞ࡗ ࡢ㈐௵ไ㝈ἲ 2ࢆΰྠࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ㈐௵ ࡓሙྜࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡣ୍ษ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ ไ㝈ἲࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ≧ἣୗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⯪ࡢ㈐௵ ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢆ⯪⯧ࡢᨾᚋࡢ౯㢠ᮍᡶ࠸ࡢ㈌≀ࡲࡓࡣ ຺ᐃࢆຍ࠼ࡓ㔠㢠ไ㝈ࡍࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡿࡶ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊOPA90 ᐃࡵࡿ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡢ㐺⏝ࢆ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢྂࡃࡽᏑᅾࡍࡿἲᚊ ཷࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ๓ᥦ᮲௳ࡣࠊ㧗࠸ࣁ࣮ࢻ࡛ࣝ࠶ ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᾏ㞴ᨾ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㠀ởᰁᦆᐖࡢ ࡿࡇࡀド᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢ⯪⯧ᨾ ἲⓗᡭ⥆࠾࠸࡚㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᾏ ࡛ࡣࠊࠊᨾࡢᅉἲ௧ࡲࡓࡣつ๎ࡢ ὒởᰁࡢ㈝⏝ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡣ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㐪ࡀぢࡘࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⡿ᅜෆ࡛ࡣࠊ 㔜࡞ᾏ㞴ᨾࡢ㔜㐣ኻࡸᨾពࡢἲ⾜Ⅽࢆ Ἔὶฟᨾ㈐௵ಙクᇶ㔠 㠀㞴ࡍࡿẼ㐠ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ OPA90 ࡣࠊἜὶฟᨾ㈐௵ಙクᇶ㔠 ὶฟࡢ㝖ཤసᴗࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᯟ⤌ 㸦OSLTF㸧ࡪᇶ㔠㸦USCG ࡀ⟶⌮㸧ࡢタ ࡳࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚㝖ཤసᴗࢆᢸ࠺㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࠊ ❧ࡶつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠᇶ㔠ࡣࠊ〇Ἔ࣓࣮࢝ 㛵ࡍࡿᨻᗓ⫋ဨࡢ㛫࡛ពぢࡢ୍⮴ࡀ⏕ ࣮ࡀ㈇ᢸࡍࡿᅜෆ⏘ཎἜ㍺ධཎἜᑐࡍࡿ ࡌࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊࠕ༠ຊࠖ 86ODZ– Sometimes it is better to receive than to give… but only rarely – US government makes reimbursement in major oil pollution cases 1 33 U.S.C. 2701 ௨ୗ䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 2 46 U.S.C. 30501-30512. Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ⛯㔠ࢆ㈈※ࡋࠊᙜึࠊᇶ㔠ࡢṧ㧗ࡢୖ㝈ࡣ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊOSLTF ࡢ❧᭰ྍ⬟㢠ࡣࠊ1 10 ൨⡿ࢻࣝタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ ᨾ࠶ࡓࡾ᭱ 10 ൨⡿ࢻ࡛ࣝࡍࠋ Ἔ⃮ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡀ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣ㧗㢠ୖࡿࡇࢆ⤒ 㦂ࡋࡓᚋࠊ2005 ᖺࠊOSLTF ࡢṧ㧗ୖ㝈ࡣ 27 ࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࠊOSLTF ࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ≉Ṧ ൨ࢻࣝᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ᐇ㝿ࠊ ࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡽࡢὶ OSLTF ࡣࠊ1986 ᖺ⡿ᅜ㆟ࡼࡗ࡚タ❧ࡉ ฟࡢ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ1986 ᖺ࠸࠺ࠊ࢚ࢡࢯ࣭ࣥ ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀࠊOPA90 ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ ࣂࣝࢹ࣮ࢬྕ௳ࢆዎᶵࡋ࡚ OPA90 ࡀ❧ ไ㝈ࡍࡿᶒࢆྰᐃࡋ࡞࠸ࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࡍࠋ ἲࡉࢀࠊ⛯㔠ࢆ㈈※ࡍࡿไᗘࡀタࡉࢀ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㸭㈐௵ᙜ ࡿ๓࡛ࡍ㸧ࠋ⌧⾜ࡢ 1 ࣂࣞࣝᙜࡓࡾ 8 ࢭࣥࢺ ⪅ࡣࠊヱᙜࡍࡿ㝈ᗘ㢠ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㈝⏝ࡢᨭᡶ ࡢ OSLTF ⛯ࡣࠊᇶ㔠ࡢୖ㝈࡛࠶ࡿ 27 ൨⡿ࢻ ࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࣝ฿㐩ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ୍ⓗṆࡉࢀࠊࡑ ࡢṧ㧗ࡀ 20 ൨ࢻࣝࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡁࡣ㛤ࡉ ἲⓗ࡞ࣁ࣮ࢻࣝࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ ࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࠊᑡ㢠࡞ࡀࡽࠊཎἜὶฟࡢ㈐ SELENDANG AYU ྕ௳࡛ࡣࠊᑐᛂ㈝⏝ࢡ ௵ᙜ⪅ࡽᅇࡋࡓ㈝⏝ࠊẸୖࡢ⨩㔠ࠊ ࣮࣒ࣞࡣࠊࢺࣥᩘࢆᇶ‽ࡍࡿ OPA90 ࡢ㝈ᗘ ᢞ㈨ᜥ࡞ࡀ OSLTF ࡢ㈈※࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ 㢠ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊOPA90 ࡢ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡀ㐺⏝ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊศᯒ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛ࡋ ࡓࠋ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡽࡀࠊOPA90 ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ OSLTF ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡓ┠ⓗࡣࠊἜ⃮ࡢ㝖ཤ㈝⏝ ྛ⮬ࡢ㈐௵ࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿ⏦❧࡚ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊ ࢆ⿵ൾࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊὶฟࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙ USCG ࡢᅜ❧Ἔ⃮ᇶ㔠ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦NPFC㸧 ྜ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࡀᨭᡶ࠺ࡁ㢠ࢆ❧࡚᭰࠼ࡿ OSLTF ࡢᨻᗓࡢᑂᰝጤဨࡣࠊ2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 27 ࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊOSLTF ࡀ㝖ཤ ᪥ࡢỴᐃ࡛ࠊ㈐௵ࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿ⏦❧࡚ࢆㄆࡵࡲ ㈝⏝ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᾋ㐟 ࡋࡓ㸦ࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ㛵ࡍࡿỴᐃࡣ Ἔࡀࡲࡔࡽᗈࡀࡾࠊὶฟ※ࢆᐜ᫆≉ᐃ࡛ ุᡤᡭ⥆࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀከࡃࠊࡑࡢุ᩿ ࡁࡎ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࢆ✺ࡁṆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ ࡣఱᖺࡶ㐜ࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࠊUSCG ࡀ㝖ཤ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊOSLTF 㝖ཤ㈝⏝ࡢᘚ῭ࢆồࡵࡿ NPFC ♧ࡉࢀࡓᐇࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࢆ✺ࡁṆ ୖグࡢ࠾ࡾࡢཝࡋ࠸ἲᐃ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡶࠊᨭᡶ⬟ຊࡀ࡞ࡃࠊែ ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓⅬ࡛ㄝᚓຊࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ࡶ NPFC ࡣࠊᨾ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ≧ἣᗙ♋ࢆ㑊ࡅ ࡗࡶࠊOPA90 ࡢࡢ᮲㡯ࡀ USCG ㈺ൾ㈨ ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿດຊࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢἲᚊࡸἲ௧㐪 ຊド᫂᭩ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨭᡶ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⯪⯧ࡀᗙ♋ࡋ࡚⇞ ⬟ຊࢆḞ࠸ࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣࢇ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ ᩱࡀὶฟࡋࡓᚋࡢ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືࡣࠊ ࡲࡋࡓ㸧ࠋOSLTF ࡣࠊཎἜὶฟࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ⤖ᯝ ᨻᗓᙜᒁࡢᨾᑐᛂࡢ㠃ⓗ࡞༠ຊጼໃࢆ ࡋ୍࡚ᐃࡢ✀㢮ࡢᦆᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊఱ ♧ࡍ㊊ࡾࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡽࡢ⌮⏤ࡽ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࡀᨭᡶࢃ࡞࠸ሙྜ ࠊࡑࡢ⿵ൾࢆồࡵࡿ➨୕⪅ࡓࡿㄳồ⪅ࡢ NPCF ࡢỴᐃࡼࡾࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡽࡣࠊ ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆᐇࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࡑࡢ OPA90 ࡢୗ࡛ࡢྛ⮬ࡢ㈐௵ไ㝈ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ ᘚ῭ࢆồࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ 㝈ᗘ㢠ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㈝ࡸࡋࡓ㢠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ OSLTF ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡣἲⓗ࡞ᨭᡶ㝈ᗘ㢠ࡀタ ࡽ┦ᙜࡢሸ⿵ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 86ODZ– Sometimes it is better to receive than to give… but only rarely – US government makes reimbursement in major oil pollution cases Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊSELENDANG AYU ྕ௳ࡣࠊཎ Ἔὶฟࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶ≉␗࡞௳ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ ┦ᙜࡢ㈝⏝ࡢ㏉㑏ࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡢࢃࡽ ࡎࠊࡇࡢ㈨㔠ⓗ࡞ᜠᜨࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺ ⴠࡋ✰ࢆୖᡭࡃᅇ㑊ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡋ࡚⨨ ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡵ ⡿ᅜࡢཎἜὶฟᨾ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཝ ࡋ࠸ἲᐃ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ SELENDANG AYU ྕࡀึࡵ࡚࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࡢᩘࡣከࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ㐣ཤࡢࡁ࡞ཎἜ ὶฟᨾ࡛ࡶఱᗘ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋGard ࡀ㛵ࢃ ࡗࡓ 1996 ᖺ 9 ᭶ࡢ࣓ࣥᕞ࣏࣮ࢺࣛࣥࢻ࡛㉳ ࡁࡓ JULIE N ྕ௳ࡶࡑࡢ୍࡛ࡍࠋ SELENDANG AYU ྕ௳࡛ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡢཎἜὶ ฟࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ࡣᇶᮏⓗཝ᱁࡞ࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㔜࡞ὶฟᨾ ࡛ࡣࠊ㔠㖹ⓗ࡞ᩆ῭ࡀཷࡅࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ ࡿࡇࡀド᫂ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊୖグࡢ⪃ ᐹࡀ♧ࡍ࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢሙྜ⯪⯧ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ ⪅ࡀ‶ࡓࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸᮲௳ࡣཝࡋࡃࠊ 㝈ᗘ㢠ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ㧗㢠タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ㏉㑏ࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡣᴟࡵ࡚ ῝้࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ≉㑅ࡤ ࢀࡓࢃࡎ࡞ࡶࡢ㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ OSLTF ㏉㑏ࢆㄳồࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡀᡂຌࡍࡿぢ㎸ ࡳࡣࠊᐆࡃࡌࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡢࡰྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ 86ODZ– Sometimes it is better to receive than to give… but only rarely – US government makes reimbursement in major oil pollution cases Gard News 206 May/July 2012 㤶 ἲ – ⾪✺㈐௵ࡢศᢸ Hong Kong law – Collision liability apportionment 㤶 ➨୍ᑂุᡤࡣࠊࡇࡢࠊ⯟⾜୰࡛࠶ ࡿ᮲⣙㸦COLREGS ᮲⣙㸧㸦369N ❶࡚බ ࡗࡓ 2 㞘ࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ⾪✺㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㈐௵ ᕸ㸧ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ2 㞘ࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ㔪㊰ࡀ 1 ࢆ୍᪉ࡢഃ㈇ࢃࡏࡿุỴࢆฟࡋࡲࡋࡓ ࠋ ᕪࡋࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀࠕಖᣢࠖ⯪࡛ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀࠕ㑊⯟ࠖ⯪࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇத࠸ࡣ࠶ ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ุᡤࡀධᡭࡋࡓドᣐࡣࠊ⯪⯧㏻⯟ࢧ࣮ࣅ ࢫ㸦VTS㸧ࡽࡢ⏬㠃ࢥࣆ࣮7 㒊ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ ࡲࡋࡓࠋVTS ࡢሗ⮬యࡣࠊ2 㞘ࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ AIS ⨨ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ 21 15 ศࡽ 21 24 ศ ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⾪✺ࡲ࡛ࡢ 10 ศ㛫ࡢ VTS ሗࡼࡿࠊ PONTODAMON ྕࡣୖᾏࡢ ‴༊ᇦࡢ B2 ⯟ HE DA98 ྕ௳ 2㛵ࡍࡿ㤶 ࡢุᡤࡢุỴ ㊰ࡢ༡ࡢ➨ 2 㘌ᆅࡽࠊC2 ⯟㊰ྥࡅ࡚༡᪉ ࡣࠊ2 ࡘࡢⅬ࡛ὀ┠್ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ ࡺࡗࡃࡾࢻࣜࣇࢺࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㏿ᗘ࠾ࡼࡑ ⯟⾜୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 2 㞘ࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ⾪✺㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ 16 ࣀࢵࢺ࡛ᮾ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊHE ࡑࡢ㈐௵ࢆ୍᪉ࡢഃࡢ⯪⯧ࡀ㈇࠺ࡉࢀࡓ DA98 ྕࡣࠊ⣙ 6㹼7 ࣀࢵࢺࡢ㏿ᗘ࡛ C2 ⯟㊰ࡢ ⌋ࡋ࠸ 3࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊᮏ ➃ࢆ༡す᪉ྥྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ௳ࡀ㤶 ࡛᭱ึࡢ⾪✺㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿᑂ⌮࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋ ⓶⫗࡞ࡇࠊ୧⯪⯧ࡀ㏿ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࡲࡲ 㔪㊰ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊ5 ࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ㊥㞳ࡲ HD DA98 ྕ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⾪✺ࡣࠊ ࡛᥋㏆ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⾪✺ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ 2007 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 30 ᪥ࡢ 21 25 ศ㡭ࠊୖᾏࡢ ࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋࡋᖾࡶࠊ2 㞘ࡢ⯪ࡣࠊ⾪ ‴༊ᇦ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ✺ࡢᩘศ๓㔪㊰ࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ PONTDAMON ྕࡣࠊ21 23 ศ㡭ࠊᕥ⯨⣙ ⾪✺ࡢ≧ἣ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡾࠊࡰྠ้ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡣࠊ ᙜࠊኳೃࡣࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊど⛬ࡣ⣙ 12 ᾏ㔛 ྑ⯨⯦ࢆษࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ Ⰻዲ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᾏୖࡣࠊᮾࡢ㢼ࠊ㢼ຊࡣ 3㹼4 ࡛ࠊࠕࡸࡸἼࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࡽࠕ࡞ࡾἼࡀ࠶ VTS ሗࡢドᣐⓗ౯್ ࡿࠖ≧ែ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᾏୖࡢ⯪⯧ ୧ᙜ⪅ࡣࠊVTS ሗࡀ⾪✺⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᩘ 㛵ࡍࡿ 1972 ᖺࡢᅜ㝿ᾏୖ⾪✺ண㜵つ๎㛵ࡍ ศ㛫ࡢ 2 㞘ࡢ⨨ࠊ㔪㊰ࠊ㏿ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ᭱Ⰻࡢ ドᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ୧ 1 ᙜ⪅ࡶࠊVTS ሗࢆ⤯ᑐどࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ ⱥᅜ䛾 1995 ᖺၟ⯪ἲྠᵝ䚸㤶 MS䠄⾪✺ᦆᐖ㈺ൾ㈐௵ 䛚䜘䜃ᾏ㞴ᩆຓ䠅᮲ 508 ❶䛿䚸ྛ⯪⯧䛾㐣ኻ䛾⛬ᗘ䛻ᛂ䛨 䛶㈐௵䜢䜚ᙜ䛶䜘䛖䛸䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹 2 3 ุᡤὀពࢆႏ㉳ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ HE DA 98 ྕ௳䠄[2011] HKEC 1157䠅 ุᡤࡣࠊ୧ᙜ⪅ࡀุᡤᥦ♧ࡋࡓ 䛣䛾䜋䛛䛻䚸㈐௵䛜୍᪉䛾ഃ䛾⯪⯧䛻䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ㄆ䜑䜙 POLEPEDASྕ௳ 4STATUE OF LIBERTY 䜜䛯䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸KIRSTEN SKOU ྕ௳䠄[1949] 83 Ll.L.Rep 279䠅䛚䜘䜃 VARMDO ྕ௳䠄[1939] 65 Ll.L.Rep 20; [1940] 67 Ll.L.Rep 197䠄㧗➼ἲ㝔䠅䠅䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜎䛩䚹 Hong Kong law – Collision liability apportionment 4 18 [1999] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 675 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ྕ௳ 5㛵ࡍࡿⱥᅜࡢุᡤࡢ㐣ཤࡢุỴ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢドே౪㏙᭩࡛ࡣࠊ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊVTSሗࡣチᐜㄗᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ PONTODAMON ྕࡣ B2 ⯟㊰ࢆᮾ᪉ྥࡗ ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆㄆࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡚࠸ࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊVTS ሗࡣࠊᐇ 㝿ࡣ B2 ⯟㊰ࢆ༡᪉ྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ ࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊุᡤࡣࠊVTS ሗࡣドேࡢドᣐ ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋZakkhour ⯪㛗ࡣࠊ ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠕ᭷⏝࡞ヨ㔠▼࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ PONTODAMON ྕࡣ➨ 2 㘌ᆅἢࡗ࡚ B2 ⯟ ࠸࠼ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊVTS ሗ ㊰୪⾜ࡋ࡚ᮾ᪉ྥ࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࣃ ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⯟㊰ᅗࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୧⯪ࡢ⯪㛗ࡢ ࣟࢵࢺࡢᥦᚑࡗࡓཱྀ㢌࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ ドゝࡢಙ㢗ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋ࡞࠸࡛῭ࡴ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ุᡤࡣࡇࢀࢆཷࡅධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ุᡤࡣࠊΰ㞧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⯟㊰ࡍࡄࡣධࡽ ⯪㛗ࡢㄝ᫂ࡢಙ㢗ᛶ ࡎࡑࢀ୪㐍ࡍࡿࡇࢆࣃࣟࢵࢺࡀ⯪㛗 ุᡤࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡢ Zakkhour ⯪㛗 ຓゝࡍࡿࡇࡣᬑ㏻ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᾏ HE DA 98 ྕࡢ Ma ⯪㛗ࡢドゝὀ┠ࡋࡲࡋ ⿵బே㸦ྠ⿵బேࡣࣃࣟࢵࢺࢆົࡵࡓ⤒ ࡓࠋ⯟ᾏࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱ぢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊุᡤ 㦂ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸧ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ຓゝࢆཷࡅධ ࡣࠊᑂ⌮࡛ᾏ⿵బேࢆົࡵࡓ John Simpson ࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⯪㛗ຓゝࢆồࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡀୖᾏ MSA ᥦฟࡋࡓ౪㏙᭩࡛ (i) PONTODAMON ྕࡢ Zakkhour ⯪㛗 ࡣࠊ⾪✺ࡣ B2 ⯟㊰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓㄗࡗ࡚グ㍕ࡉ ุᡤࡣࠊドேࡋ࡚ࡢ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢドゝ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊᛴ࠸࡛⏝ពࡋࡓࡇࡼࡿ ࡣㄝᚓຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࠊྠ⯪㛗ࡼࡿᐇࡢㄝ 㛫㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ ᫂ࡣಙ㢗㊊ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ุᡤࡣཷࡅධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊྠ౪㏙᭩ࡣ ṇࡋ࠸ࡳ࡞ࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪㤳ࢆᶓษࡿࡢࢆ☜ㄆࡋ ࡓᚋࠊᕥ⯨ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡿุ᩿ࢆୗࡋࠊࡑ࠺ ࡕ࡞ࡳุᡤࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀ༡᪉ ௧ࡋࡓࡁࡣࠊࡍ࡛ HE DA98 ྕࡢ⯪య ࢻࣜࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡽࠊ⯪ဨࡀぢᙇࡾ ࡢ 4 ศࡢ 1 ࡀ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪㤳ࢆᶓษ ᛰࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ᥎ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᣦ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓドゝࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋZakkhour ⯪㛗ࡀ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋPONTODAMON ྕࡀ VHF ↓⥺ࠊⓎ ௧ࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡽࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢ㏻㐣ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ ගಙྕࠊỶ➜㡢ࢆࡗ࡚ HE DA98 ྕಙࡋ ࡼ࠺⯪ᶫࡢྑഃྥࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊ㦫࠸ࡓ ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡶㄆࡵ ࡇࠊ✺↛ HE DA98 ྕࡀྑ⯨⯦ࢆษࡗࡓ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡢ࡛ࠊ⾪✺ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡣᕥ⯨ࡁࡃ⯦ࢆษࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ุᡤࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡽࡢಙᑐ ࡋ࡚ HE DA98 ྕࡀᛂ⟅ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊHE ุᡤࡣࠊZakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢドே౪㏙᭩ࠊ DA98 ྕࡣ㔪㊰㏿ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼ ๓ୖᾏᾏᒁ㸦MSA㸧ᥦฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ౪㏙ ࡓ࠸࠺ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡲࡋ ᭩ࡢ୍ᐃࡢ㣗࠸㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅ ࡓࠋZakkhour ⯪㛗ࡣࠊ᪉ࡢ⯪⯧ࢆᏳ࡞㛫 ධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㝸ಖࡘࡇ௨እࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸≧ἣ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀᕥ⯨ ⯦ࢆษࡗࡓࡇࢆ HE DA98 ྕ▱ࡽࡏ࡚ࡶ ΰࢆᣍࡃࡔࡅ࡛ពࡀ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡓ࠸࠺ 5 [1971] 2 Lloyds Rep. 277 Hong Kong law – Collision liability apportionment ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ Gard News 206 May/July 2012 㔜せ࡞ⅬࡣࠊุᡤࡀࠊZakkhour ⯪㛗ࡀ 21 VTS ሗࡣ 21 15 ศ௨๓ࡢሗࡣグ㘓ࡉ 23 ศ㡭ᕥ⯨ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡿุ᩿ࢆୗࡍ๓ࠊ ࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢ⯟ᾏ᪥ HE DA98 ྕࡀ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪㤳ࢆᶓษ ㄅᾏᅗࡣࠊ20 56 ศ㔪㊰ࢆ 240 ᗘኚ᭦ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢドゝࢆཷࡅධ ࡋࡓࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊC2 ⯟ ࢀࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋZakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢࡇࡢㄝ᫂ࡣࠊ ㊰ධࢁ࠺ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀୖᾏ ࡢศ㞳⯟ VTS ሗࢆᇶಟṇࡉࢀࡓ⯟㊰ᅗ 3 ࡛ࡅ ⾜᪉ᘧࡢ࢚ࣜ A ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾᶓษࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡢ≧ἣࢆグࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋุᡤࡣࠊ ࡇࢀࡣྑ⯨ࡢ 10 ᗘࡢ㌿⯦ヱᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ (ii) HE DA 98 ྕ ࡢ Ma ⯪㛗 ࡣ࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୍᪉ࠊุᡤࡣࠊMa ⯪㛗ࡢドゝㄝᚓຊࡀ࠶ ࡿࡣㄆࡵࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋMa ⯪㛗ࡢドゝࡣࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢᑐᑜၥ࠾࠸࡚ࠊุ Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡢドゝẚࡿಙ㢗ᛶຎࡿ ᡤࡣࠊMa ⯪㛗ࡢドゝࡣ୍㈏ᛶࡀḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ Ma ⯪㛗ࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀᕥ⯨⯦ࢆษࡿ๓ Ma ⯪㛗ࡣࠊ20 56 ศྑ⯨㌿⯦ࡋࡓࡇ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪㤳ࢆᶓษࡗ࡚࠸ࡓⅬࢆ ࢆ♧ࡑ࠺ࠊ㆙ᡄỈᇦ㏆ࡢ₻ὶࡀ༴㝤࡞≧ ྰㄆࡋࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀ✺↛⯦ࢆᕥ⯨ ែ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊࡑࡢ㌿⯦ࡀ᪩ࡍࡂࡿ ษࡗࡓࡇẼ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᶵ ุ᩿ࡋࠊ21 15 ศࡲ࡛ࠊHE DA98 ྕࢆඖ 㛵ࢆṆࡉࡏࠊ㏿࡛ᚋ㐍ࡉࡏࡓ౪㏙ࡋࡲ ࡢ㔪㊰ᡠࡋࡓࡇࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡓࠋ ุᡤࡣࠊࡇࡢㄝ᫂ࡣၥࡀṧࡿุ᩿ࡋ ࡲࡓࠊMa ⯪㛗ࡣࠊࠕ21 15 ศ㡭ࠖࠊ⯪ࡀ୍ ࡲࡋࡓࠋุᡤࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᶵືᛶࡢ㧗 㞘ࠊHE DA98 ྕྥࡗ࡚┤㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡉࢆᣦࡋࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀ 21 15 ศ㡭㸦ࡇ ୕➼⯟ᾏኈࡽࡢ㟁ヰሗ࿌ࢆ⮬ᐊ࡛ཷࡅࡓᚋࠊ ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ PONTODAMON ྕࡣࡲࡔ 5 ᾏ㔛 ⯪ᶫྥ࠸ࠊᮃࡲࡋ࠸ᑐ⟇ࢆ୕➼⯟ᾏኈ 㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸧ྑ⯨ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡗ࡚࠸ࢀ ᑜࡡࡓ౪㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋMa ⯪㛗ࡢᙇࡣࠊ ࡤࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡢ㔪㊰ࢆ㏿ࡸእࢀࠊ ྑ⯨ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡗ࡚⾪✺ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡋ࠸ ⾪✺ࡣᐜ᫆ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡓࡣࡎࡔࡢぢゎࢆ♧ ࠺ᥦࡀ୕➼⯟ᾏኈࡽ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࠕ┤ࡕ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠖࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࢆࡌࡓ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ุᡤࡣࠊ21 15 ศྑ⯨㌿⯦ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ ุᡤࡀ≉ၥ㢟どࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊMa ⯪㛗ࡀ 21 ࡇࡣࠊVTS ሗ࡛ࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿᣦࡋ 15 ศ㡭ྑ⯨ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡿࡼ࠺୕➼ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋMa ⯪㛗ࡣࠊ20 56 ศࠊ21 15 ⯟ᾏኈࡌࡓ࠸࠺ Ma ⯪㛗ࡢᙇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ศࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊྑ㌿⯦ࢆࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ ࡇࡢᙇࡣドᣐࡼࡿࡅࢆḞ࠸࡚࠸ࡲ ࡢࡀุᡤࡢぢゎ࡛ࡍࠋMa ⯪㛗ࡀࠊ⾪✺ࡢ┤ ࡋࡓࠋ ๓ࡢ 21 25 ศ㡭ࡲ࡛ࠊ㌿⯦ࢆࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡇࡣࡰ☜ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋ VTS ሗࡣࠊ21 15 ศࡽ⾪✺┤๓ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫 ࠊHe DA98 ྕࡀᕥ⯨ 10 ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡗ࡚࠸࡞ HE DA98 ྕࡀ 20 56 ศࡶ 21 15 ศࡶ ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂☜♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋุᡤࡣࠊ ㌿⯦ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ᐇࡽࠊ2 㞘ࡢ⯪⯧ࡀ Ma ⯪㛗ࡣ᥎ ࡛ 21 15 ศ㏙ࡓ㐣ࡂࡎ ⾪✺ྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆࠊ21 15 ศⅬ࡛ࠊ ㌿⯦ࡣࡑࡢ๓⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ HE DA98 ྕ Ma ⯪㛗ࡣࡲࡔẼ࠸࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓุᡤࡣ ࡢᘚㆤኈࡢពぢࢆ༷ୗࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊMa ⯪㛗ࡢドゝࡣᑐ Hong Kong law – Collision liability apportionment Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡣぢᙇࡾࢆ㐺ษ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ ࡁࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠸࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢドゝࢆཷࡅධࢀ ࡗࡓࡇࠊHE DA98 ྕࡽ PONTODAMON ࡓࠋ ྕಙࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓᙧ㊧ࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ ドᣐࡽ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ – ➨ 3 ࠊุᡤࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀ⾪ 㸦PONTODAMON ྕࡽ HE DA98 ྕಙࡋ ✺ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪩ᮇࡢᑐᛂࢆᛰࡗࡓ࠸ ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ኻᩋࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡶࡇࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ ࠺ HE DA98 ྕࡢᘚㆤኈࡢᙇࢆ༷ୗࡋࡓࠋ COLREGS ᮲⣙➨ 17 ᮲(a)(i)ࡣࠊ㑊⯟⯪㐍㊰ ุỴ ࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜࠊಖᣢ⯪ࡣࡑࡢ ุᡤࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡁࡔ 㔪㊰㏿ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᐃࡵ ุ᩿ࡋࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪ࡢ㈝⏝ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಖᣢ⯪࡛࠶ࡿ PONTODAMON ྕࡣࡲ ࡢᨭᡶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࡇࡢ࠾ࡾᐇ⾜ࡋࡓࠋุᡤࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ㔪㊰㏿ᗘࢆኚ᭦ࡍ HE DA98 ྕࡢᘚㆤኈࡢᙇᑐࡋ࡚ࠊุᡤ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋุᡤࡣࠊ ࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿุỴࢆฟ COLREGS ᮲⣙➨ 16 ᮲ࡣࠊ㑊⯟⯪ࡣࠊ ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚௨ୗࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡢ⯪⯧ࡽ༑ศ㐲ࡊࡿࡓࡵࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ᪩ ᮇࠊࡘᖜືసࢆྲྀࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ – ࡲࡎࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᘚㆤኈࡣࠊ ࠸ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶᣦࡋࡓࠋ PONTODAMON ྕࡀ B2 ⯟㊰࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ➨ 2 㘌 ᆅ㐍ධࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽ༴㝤࡞≧ែ – ➨ 4 ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᘚㆤኈࡣࠊ 㝗ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ⾪✺ࡢ㈐௵ࡢ㒊ࡲࡓ PONTODAMON ྕࡣ COLREGS ᮲⣙➨ 17 ᮲ ࡣࢇࡣ PONTODAMON ྕࡀ㈇࠺ࡁ࡛ (a)(ii)࠾ࡼࡧ(c)㐪ࡋ࡚ㄗࡗ࡚ᕥ⯨⯦ࢆษ ࠶ࡿᙇࡋࡓࠋุᡤࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᙇࢆ ࡗࡓ㏙ࡓࠋࡇࡢつᐃࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊಖᣢ⯪ࡣࠊ ༷ୗࡋࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡣ B2 ⯟㊰Ṇࡲ ⾪✺ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢືసࢆྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡋ࡚ ࡀࠊࡇࡢሙྜࠊࡸࡴࢆᚓ࡞࠸ሙྜࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ㔪 ࡶࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀ➨ 2 㘌ᆅࢆ⯟⾜ࡋ࡚ ㊰ࢆᕥ㌿ࡌ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ ࠸ࡓࡇࡀ⾪✺ࡢཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡋࠊุᡤࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀᕥ㌿⯦ ࡞࠸㏙ࡓࠋHE DA98 ྕࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 5 ࡋࡓⅬ࡛ࡣ HE DA98 ྕࡣࡶ࠺㏆ࡃ࠸࡞ ᾏ㔛㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓⅬ࡛ PONTODAMON ྕẼ ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡣࡇࡢつᐃ ࡃࡁ࡛ࠊࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡀ㑊 㐪ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋHE DA98 ྕࡣ ⯟⯪ࡋ࡚⾪✺ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ᧯⯦ࢆ⾜࠺㛫ࡀ༑ ࡍ࡛ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪㤳ࢆᶓษࡗ࡚࠾ ศ࠶ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⯪యࡢ 4 ศࡢ 1 ࡀ PONTODAMON ྕ ࡢྑഃ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ – ➨ 2 ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᘚㆤኈࡣࠊ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯟⾜㏿ᗘࡀ㏿ࡍࡂࡓ – ➨ 5 ࠊุᡤࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡣᕥ ᙇࡋࡓࠋᘚㆤኈࡣࠊᙜึࠊ7 ࣀࢵࢺࡢ㏿ᗘࡀ㐺 ⯨⯦ࢆษࡿ๓㐺ษ࡞㆙࿌ࢆ࠼ࡿࡢࢆᛰ ษ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࡇࢀࢆ 11 ࣀ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ HE DA98 ࡢᘚㆤኈࡢᙇࡣ⣡ᚓ ࢵࢺኚ᭦ࡋࡓࠋᾏ⿵బேࡣࠊ11 ࣀࢵࢺࡀ ࡏࡎࠊุỴࡢ୰࡛ࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡣ VHFࠊ ᐜㄆྍ⬟࡞㏿ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇྠពࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ Ⓨගಙྕࠊ㡢ኌಙྕࢆࡗ࡚ HE DA98 ྕࡢ ࠺࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ16 ࣀࢵࢺ࠸࠺ ಙࢆヨࡳࡓࡇࢆᣦࡋࡓࠋ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ㏿ᗘࡀᙜࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ PONTODAMON ྕࡣࠊᕥ⯨⯦ࢆษࡿ๓Ỷ ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋุᡤࡣࠊど⛬ࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࢀ ➜ಙྕ㸦▷㡢 2 ᅇ㸧ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ ࡤࠊ16 ࣀࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊPONTODAMON ྕ HE DA98 ྕࡀ㐍㊰ࢆㆡࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊ㏿ᗘ ࡣ㏿ᗘࡢ㐜࠸⁺⯪ࢆᏳ㏣࠸㉺ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ 㔪㊰ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࡲࡲ㐍ࡴࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ Hong Kong law – Collision liability apportionment Gard News 206 May/July 2012 Zakkhour ⯪㛗ࡀྜ⌮ⓗ᥎ㄽࡋࡓุᡤࡣ ᮏ௳ࡣࠊࡑࡢ୍ᐃࡢᐇྛ⯪㛗ࡢドゝࡢಙ ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡀᕥ 㢗ᛶ౫ᣐࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ ⯨⯦ࢆษࡿ┤๓Ỷ➜ಙྕࢆ㬆ࡽࡉ࡞ࡗ ࡍࠋ ࡓࡇࡣࠊᮏ௳ࡢᖐ㈐⏤ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸ ࠺ࡢࡀุᡤࡢぢゎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ุᡤࡀ HE DA98 ྕࡢ Ma ⯪㛗ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆಙ㢗 ㊊ࡿㄆࡵࡿࡢࡣ┦ᙜ㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ – ➨ 6 ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᘚㆤኈࡣࠊHE DA98 ࡑࢀࡣࠊMa ⯪㛗ࡀ 21 15 ศ㡭ྑ⯨ 10 ྕࡢྑ⯨ࡣࠊᩘ㞘ࡢ⯪⯧㸦 ྥ࠺㏣࠸㉺ ᗘ⯦ࢆษࡿࡼ࠺୕➼⯟ᾏኈࡌࡓ⧞㏉ࡋ ࡋ⯪ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡀ⯟⾜ࡍࡿ C2 ⯟㊰ࡢす➃᥋㏆ ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆࡅࡿドᣐࡀ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊHD DA98 ྕࡀ㑅ᢥྍ⬟࡞⾪✺ ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡼࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᅇ㑊ᡭẁࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᙇࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ ุᡤࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᙇࡣྠពࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡉࡽࠊVTS ࠸࠺ドᣐࡢ౯್ᙺ㛵ࡍ Ma ⯪㛗ࡢドゝ࠾ࡾࠊぢᙇࡾࡀ㐺ษ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡿุᡤࡢุ᩿ࡶࡁࡃุỴᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓ ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ⯪⯧ࡀ 5 ᾏ㔛௨ୖ㞳 ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋุᡤࡣࠊPOLEPEDAS ྕ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓⅬ࡛ࠊHE DA98 ྕࢆྑ⯨ഃ᧯⯦ ௳ STATUE OF LIBERTY ྕ௳㛵ࡍࡿⱥ ࡍࡿ༑ศ࡞వ⿱㛫ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᅜࡢุᡤࡢ㐣ཤࡢุỴᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊVTS ࡲࡓࠊHE DA98 ྕࡢᕥ⯨ഃ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ⯪ࡀ࠸ ሗࡣチᐜㄗᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡓࡇࡀᅔ㞴ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡶࠊ ࢆㄆࡵࡓୖ࡛ࠊVTS ሗࡣドேࡢドᣐࡢಙ ุᡤࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋHE 㢗ᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠕ᭷⏝࡞ヨ㔠▼࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ DA98 ྕࡀ PONTODAMON ྕࡢ⾪✺ࢆᅇ㑊 ࠼ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡼ࠺ᕥ⯨⯦ࢆษࡗࡓࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢព ᛮࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ⯪ఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ HE DA98 ྕࡢ⯪ࡣࠊุᡤࡢุỴࡘ࠸࡚ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊCOLREGS ᮲⣙➨ 13 ᥍ッࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᥍ッᑂࡢ᪥⛬ࡣᮍᐃ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ᮲(a)࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ⯪ࡣ ᖺෆࡣᑂ⌮ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿぢ㎸ࡳ࡛ࡍࠋGard HE DA98 ྕࢆ㑊ࡅࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ News ࡛ࡣࠊ≧ἣࢆ㏲ḟࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⤖ㄽࡋ࡚ࠊุᡤࡣࠊHE DA98 ྕࡣࡶࡗ ᪩ࡃྑ⯨⯦ࢆษࡗ࡚㐍㊰ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡁ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓุ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊHE DA98 ྕࡣࠊ ၥ㢟࡞ࡃྑ⯨⯦ࢆษࡿవ⿱ࡀ༑ศ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࢀࢆᛰࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋHE DA98 ྕࡣࠊPONTODAMON ྕࡢ⯪㤳ࢆᶓษ ࡗ࡚ࡽྑ⯨⯦ࢆษࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ Ⅼ࡛ࡣࡍ࡛㐜ࡍࡂࠊᴟࡵ࡚༴㝤࡞≧ἣࢆ ࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ὀ㔘 ࡇࡢุỴࡣࠊᮏ௳ࡀ㤶 ࡛᭱ึࡢ⾪✺㈐௵ 㛵ࡍࡿᑂ⌮࡛࠶ࡗࡓⅬຍ࠼ࠊ⯟⾜୰࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ 2 㞘ࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ⾪✺㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㈐௵ࢆ ୍᪉ࡢഃࡢ⯪⯧ࡀ㈇࠺ࡉࢀࡓⅬ࡛⌋ࡋ࠸ࡶ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ Hong Kong law – Collision liability apportionment Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢺࣝࢥ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸦TOF㸧—ࢺࣝࢥ᭱㧗ࡼࡿ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ุỴ Turkish Open Form (TOF) – Landmark decision by the Turkish Supreme Court Cavus & Coskunsu ἲᚊົᡤ㸦ࢫࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣝ㸧 4 ᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡿ㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢッゴࡢᮎࠊTOF ࡢ௰ࡘ࠸ุ࡚Ỵࢆୗࡋࡓ᭱㧗ࡣࠊࢺࣝࢥࡢᾏᓙ࠾ࡅ ࡿᾏ㞴ᩆຓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ 1 ࡘࡢ௦༊ษࡾࢆࡘࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣝࡢ Cavus & Coskunsu ἲ ᚊົᡤࡀሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ၥ㢟 ࡓࡵࠊ᭥⯪ࡼࡿ≌ᘬࢆせㄳࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࢺࣝࢥ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸦TOF㸧ࡣᅜ㝿ⓗㄆ ྠᾏᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⊂༨ᶒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡀಖ ▱ࡉࢀࡓᾏ㞴ᩆຓ㛵ࡍࡿྜព᭩࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ 2 㞘ࡢ᭥⯪ࡣࠊSC SARA ࡢ⯪㛗ᑐ ࡑࡢ⏝ࡣࠊࢺࣝࢥࡢᾏᓙ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࢺࣝࢥ ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭥⯪ᴗົࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࠊ᭥⯪ࡣ๓ࡶ ࡢᅜ᭷ᾏ㞴ᩆຓᒁ࡛࠶ࡿᾏୖ㆙ഛ㝲⥲ᒁ ࡗ࡚ TOF ⨫ྡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ 㸦Directorate General of Coastal Safetyࠋ௨ୗࠕᾏ ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㏻▱ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⯪㛗ࡀ TOF 㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࠖ㸧ࡀᾏ㞴ᩆຓࡘ࠸࡚⊂༨ᶒࢆ᭷ࡍ ࡢ⨫ྡࢆᣄࢇࡔࡓࡵࠊ᭥⯪ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ ࡿᾏᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᾏ㞴ᩆຓࡢᐇࡰ㝈ᐃࡉࢀ ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋኳೃࡀᝏࡋࠊࡑ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋTOF ࡣࠊᅜࡀᐓࡍࡿྜព᭩ࡢᵝᘧ ࡢኪࡣ≧ἣࡀࡉࡽᝏࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡽࠊ ࡋ࡚ጞࡲࡾࠊࡑࡢ᮲௳ࡣᴟ➃ᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ഃ ⯪㛗ࡣᗘ᭥⯪ࢆせㄳࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ ᭷࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡢ ࡍ࡛ྠ⯪⯧ࡣ῝้࡞≧ἣ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ TOF ࡢ┿ࡢ౯್ࡣࠊࡑࡢ௰᮲㡯࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⯪㛗ࡣࠊTOF ⨫ྡࡍࡿ௨እࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣṧࡉ ࡇࡢ᮲㡯ࡣ௰ேࡽࡀ⾜࠺ྛᐃࡢᐃ㢠ࡘ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࠸࡚ࠊᐃᶵ㛵ࡢ௰ேࡢேᩘᛂࡌ࡚ᐃே ࡽࡀ 10㹼12%ࢆཷ㡿ࡍࡿᶒࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺᮲㡯 TOF ⨫ྡࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊኳೃࡢᝏࡽ᭥⯪ᴗ ࡛᭷ྡ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋ⯪࠾ࡼࡧಖ㝤ᘬཷே ົࡣᐇࡉࢀࡎࠊSC SARA ࡣᗙ♋ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲ ࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡢࡳࡀ௰ᡭ⥆ࡁ ࡋࡓࠋኳೃࡀᅇࡋࡓᚋࠊ᭥⯪ࡀ⌧ሙ฿㐩ࡋࠊ ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᾏ㞴 ྠ⯪⯧ᑐࡋ࡚ 1 㛫వࡾ࡛᭥⯪ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢ ᩆຓ⪅᭷࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㐣ᗘ࡞Ᏻ⟇ࡀᥦ♧ ࡛ࡍࠋ᭥⯪ᚋࡍࡄࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࢆ௦⌮ࡍࡿᘚ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ㏻ᖖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊ⯪ ㆤኈࡣࠊ1,300 ⡿ࢻࣝ㸦SC SARA ࡢᕷሙ౯᱁ ಖ㝤ᘬཷேࡣࠊࡑࡢ౯್ẚ࡚ἲእ࡞ ࡢ 20%┦ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡀᙇࡍࡿ㢠㸧 ㄳồ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ࠎࡋ࡚࠶ࡿᾏ㞴ᩆຓࡘ ࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊྠ⯪ᑐࡍࡿᕪᢲ࠼௧ࢆ ࠸࡚ࡢㄳồྠពࡍࡿ௨እࠊࢇ㑅ᢥ⫥ Bozcaada ุᡤ⏦ㄳࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊTOF ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣᚲ↛ⓗṍ ุᡭ⥆ࡁ ࢇࡔゎỴ࡞ࡿࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ TOF ࡀ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡘࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡣ 1,300 ⡿ࢻࣝࡢ㖟⾜ಖドࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡽࠊ SC CARA ࡢ ᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡣᾏ㞴ᩆຓࡢሗ㓘ࡋ࡚⣙ 500 ⡿ 2007 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࠊTOF 㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱㧗ࡢุỴࢆ ࢻࣝࢆᙇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᮏࡢᐇࢆ ồࡵࡿᨾࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋⲨኳࡢ୰ Bozcaada ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄳồࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ ᓥࡢἈྜ࡛✚Ⲵࢆ✚㍕ࡋ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛ᢞ㘌ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡶἲእ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ゎỴ⮳ࡿ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ ࡓ SC SARA㸦ཎἜࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝ࠋ57,346 ⥲ࢺࣥ㸧ࡣࠊ ྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⯪ࡽࡣࠊࢫࢱ 㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃኳೃࡀᝏࡍࡿࡇࡀሗࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࣥࣈ࣮ࣝ≉ูᾏุᡤ㸦ᙜ㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾏ Turkish Open Form (TOF) – Landmark decision by the Turkish Supreme Court 21 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 㞴ᩆຓࡢሗ㓘ࡢỴᐃࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡢ᭥⯪ࡼ 2. ᙜヱ௰᮲㡯ࡣࠊ୍᪉ࡢᙜ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚௰ ࡗ࡚⿕ࡗࡓᙇࡍࡿᦆᐖㄳồࢆồࡵࡿุᡭ ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿᶒࢆ࠼ࠊ᪉ࡢᙜ⪅ࡽ௰ ⥆ࡁࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣝ≉ูᾏ ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆዣ࠺ࡇࡽࠊᆒᩚ㸦୍᪉ ุᡤࡣࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡀၐ࠼ࡓ␗㆟ࢆㄆࡵࠊ ⓗ㸧࡞௰᮲㡯ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࠊᙜࡢἲᚊᚑࡗ TOF ࡢᙉไ௰᮲㡯ࢆ᰿ᣐッゴࢆ༷ୗࡋࡲࡋ ࡚↓ຠุ᩿ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡓࠋ ᭱㧗ࡣᙜヱ௰᮲㡯యࢆ↓ຠุ᩿ࡋࡓࡇ ࡛ࠊᐃ㢠ࡢྜࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡍࡿ௰ேࡢሗ 㓘㛵ࡍࡿ᮲㡯ࢆヲ⣽᳨ウࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࢫࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣝ➨୍≉ูᾏุᡤࡣ᭱㧗ࡢ ุỴᚑ࠺ࡇࢆỴᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾᙜ ヱุỴࡣࢺࣝࢥᅜෆࡢุᡤࢆᣊ᮰ࡍࡿඛ ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋྠุᡤࡣࠊୖッᑂࡢุỴࡘ࠸ ࡚ࢺࣝࢥࡢ᭱㧗ୖッᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ᭱㧗ࡢᅜᐙ⥲ ࢺࣝࢥ࡛ࡣࠊᅜ᭷ᾏ㞴ᩆຓᒁࡀࡶ࡞࠾ᾏ㞴ᩆ ຓࡢ⊂༨ᶒࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ TOF ࡢ➨ 6.4 ᮲ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕᩆฟ㈈⏘ᑐࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓᾏ㞴ᩆຓࢧ࣮ࣅ ࢫࡢሗ㓘ࡢỴᐃࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୧ᙜ⪅㛫࡛⏕ࡌࡓ ⣮தࡀዲⓗ࡞ゎỴ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊᙜヱ⣮த ࡣࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡀせồࡍࡿࡁࡣࠊࢫࢱࣥࣈ ࣮ࣝ࠾ࡅࡿ௰ࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ἲᐃࡢᮇ㛫 ෆゎỴࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠖ㸦ᇳ➹⪅ࡢᙉㄪ㸧 ⯪ࡽࡣୖッࡋࠊ᭱㧗ࡢୖッᑂ࡛ࢫࢱࣥࣈ ࣮ࣝ≉ูᾏุᡤࡢỴᐃࡘ࠸࡚த࠸ࠊッ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᭱㧗ࡣୖッᑂ࠾࠸࡚ဨ୍⮴࡛ ≉ูᾏุᡤࡢỴᐃࢆ◚Რࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢⅬࢆ᰿ ᣐ௰᮲㡯ࡀ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 1. ௰᮲㡯ࡣࠊ௰ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿᶒࢆ⊂༨ⓗ ᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࢺࣝࢥ᠇ἲ࠾ ࡼࡧḢᕞேᶒ᮲⣙➨ 6 ᮲ࡼࡗ࡚ಖドࡉࢀࡿࢥ ༠㆟㸦Civil General Council㸧↷ࡍࡿࡇ ࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡲࡋ ࡓࠋ ᮏ௳ࡣ⯪⯧࠾ࡼࡧ㈌≀㛵ࡍࡿᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ ࡗ࡚Ḽ㏄ࡍࡁ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᚋࠊTOF ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓసᴗࡢ ┿ṇ࡞౯್ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ᾏ㞴ᩆຓሗ㓘ࢆ ᐃࡵࡿࡇ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࢺࣝࢥࡢุᡤ౫ᣐࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡵ 2012 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 1 ᪥⾜ணᐃࡢࢺࣝࢥࡢ᪂ၟἲ ࡣࠊ1989 ᖺᾏ㞴ᩆຓ༠ᐃࡢ᮲㡯ࢆᐇ㉁ⓗἲ ⦅㞟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࠊࢺࣝࢥࡣ㏆ᖺࡢᾏ 㞴ᩆຓἲࡢཎ๎ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ ㏆ࡢ TOF 㛵ࡍࡿุỴ↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊTOF ࢆᅜ㝿ⓗホ౯ࡉࢀࡿྜព᭩ࡢᙧᘧⓎᒎࡉࡏ ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ┤ࡋࠊࡲࡓಟṇࡍࡿዲᶵ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ ࣔࣥ㺃࣮ࣟୖࡢᩆ῭ᡭẁ⏝ࡢཎ๎▩┪ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ᭱㧗ࡣࠊྠᆅ᪉ุᡤࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ ᪨ࡀᙇࡉࢀࡓ௰᮲㡯ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋุᶒࢆ᰿ᣐ ࡋ࡚ㄳồࢆ㏥ࡅࡓࡢࡣࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡀ௰ࢆ 㛤ጞࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ⮬ືⓗ⯪ࡽᩆ῭ᡭ ẁࢆዣࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㏙࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Turkish Open Form (TOF) – Landmark decision by the Turkish Supreme Court Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊởᰁ㜵Ṇἲࢆཝ᱁ Australia toughens pollution laws ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡣࠊ⯪⯧Ἔ⃮ᑐࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞⨥ࢆタࡅ࡚ࠊ㈐௵ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㐣ཤࡢGard News࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺ 1 ࠊࠊ ⯪⪅ࡢࠊ⯪⯧ࡢ⯪㛗࠾ࡼࡧ⯪ࡶᑐ㇟ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᾏᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡁࡃሗ㐨 ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㈐௵ࡀᣑࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⯪ࡣࠊ ࡉࢀࡓ㔜࡞ởᰁᨾࡀከᩘⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ಶேⓗ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠸ࠊฮᡭ⥆ࡁࡢᑐ㇟࡞ 㸦2009ᖺ3᭶Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ㤶 ⡠ࡢ୍⯡㈌≀⯪ ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋྠἲᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ PACIFIC ADVENTURERྕࡀ㛵ಀࡋࡓᨾࠊ ࡿᢠᘚ㸦⯪⯧ࡢᏳᛶࡢ☜ಖࡸᾏୖ࡛ࡢே 2010ᖺ4᭶Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢࡤࡽ✚ࡳ㈌≀⯪ ᩆຓࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓฟ࡞㸧ࡣࠊ⏝⯪⪅ࡶྵ SHEN NENGྕࡀ㛵ಀࡋࡓᨾ࡞㸧ࠋࡇࢀࢆ ࡴࡼ࠺ᣑࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ཷࡅ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏὒᏳᒁ – ⨩㔠ࡀᖜᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋἲேࡢ⨩ 㸦AMSA㸧ࡣἲ௧ࡢぢ┤ࡋࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ2011ᖺᾏ 㔠᭱㧗㢠ࡣࠊ110࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢻࣝࡽ ἲᨵṇἲ㸦Maritime Legislation Amendment 1,100࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢻࣝࠊಶேࡢ⨩㔠᭱ Act 2011㸧ࡀ2011ᖺ12᭶4᪥ࡽ6᪥ࡅ࡚ 㧗㢠ࡣࠊ22࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢻࣝࡽ220࢜ ⾜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣮ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢻࣝᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ 2ࠋࡲ ࡓࠊᨵṇࡼࡾࠊ⨥㛵ࡍࡿつᐃࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣞ ྠἲࡣࠊ2011ᖺ9᭶ࣝࣂࢽ࣮ࢬ⮧ࡀⓎ⾲ ࢺࣂ࣮ࣜࣜࣇᾏὒබᅬἲྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡇ ࡋࡓᾏ㐠ᴗ⏺ᨵ㠉ࡢᐇྥࡅ࡚ࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ1ᖺ㛫ࡢ᭱㧗⨩㔠㢠ࡀࡇ ࡀㅮࡌࡓ᭱ึࡢᥐ⨨ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍࠋྠἲࡣࠊ ࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ2,000࣌ࢼࣝࢸ࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡽ ⯟ᾏἲ㸦Navigation Act㸧ᾏὒಖㆤἲ 20,000࣌ࢼࣝࢸ࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ 㸦Protection of the Sea Act㸧ࢆᨵṇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊ⯪⯧Ἔ⃮ᑐࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞⨥ࢆタࡅ࡚ࠊ ⯟ᾏἲࡢᨵṇ ࡼࡾᗈ⠊ᅖࡢ㈐௵ᙜ⪅ࡀᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ ⯟ᾏἲࡣࠊ⯪⯧ࡢᏳᛶᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢಖㆤࢆ ㈐௵⠊ᅖࢆᣑࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋྠἲࡣࠊởᰁ ࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿᾏၥ㢟ࢆつไࡍࡿἲ௧ࡢ୰࡛ ≢⨥ಀࡿ⨩㔠ࡢᖜ࡞ᘬࡁୖࡆࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡶ≉㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊྠἲࡣྂ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ἲ௧࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᭱᪂ࡢⲡసᡂᇶ‽ࢆᫎ ࡋ࡚ࠊ⡆⣲ࠊᖹ᫆࡞ᩥゝ࡛ࡢ᭩ࡁ┤ࡋࡀ ᾏὒಖㆤἲࡢᨵṇ ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋྠἲࡢ࡞ኚ᭦Ⅼࡣ௨ୗࡢ ᾏὒಖㆤἲࡢᨵṇࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣞࢺࣂ࣮ࣜࣜࣇ ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ᾏὒබᅬ࡛㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿつไࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡞ࠊつ – ⯪⯧ࡢ⯪㛗ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᾏᇦࡲࡓࡣ ไࢆࡢࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜࡸྛᅜࡢἲ௧ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜእࡢබᾏ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃ ࡉࡽྜ⮴ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡢởᰁࡸ⎔ቃࡢ◚ቯࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡼ࠺ࠊὀ ྠἲࡢ࡞ኚ᭦Ⅼࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ពࡸ↓ㅛ࡞᪉ἲ࡛⯪⯧ࢆ⯟⾜ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ – ⯪⯧ࡽ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㐪ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᾏὒ 㸦EEZ㸧ࡢἜࠊἜᛶΰྜ≀ࡲࡓࡣἜᛶṧ␃ ⎔ቃ῝้࡞⿕ᐖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡾࠊࡶࡓࡽࡍ ≀ࡢฟ㛵ࡍࡿ≢⨥ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏝⯪⪅ࠊ࠾ ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜࡣࠊ┦ᙜ࡞㢠ࡢ⨩㔠ࡀ ࡑࡽࡃࡣᐃᮇ⏝⯪⪅ࠊ⯟ᾏ⏝⯪⪅࠾ࡼࡧ〄⏝ ⛉ࡏࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋἲேࡀ᭷⨥ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓሙྜࠊ ㄢࡉࢀࡿ⨩㔠ࡢୖ㝈ࡣ᭱㧗330࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 1 ࢻ࡛ࣝࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜヱつᐃ㐪ࡋࡓㄆ Gard News202 ྕ䛂Australia – Tougher penalties for Queensland environmental offences䠄䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰– 䜽䜲䞊 䞁䝈䝷䞁䝗ᕞ⎔ቃಖㆤἲ㐪䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⨩㔠䜢ᙉ䠅䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧 䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 Australia toughens pollution laws 2 23 2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶⌧ᅾ䚸1 䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䝗䝹= 1.06 ⡿䝗䝹 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡵࡽࢀࡓ⯪㛗ᑐࡍࡿ⨩㔠ࡢୖ㝈ࡣࠊ66 6,000࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢻ࡛ࣝࡍࠋ – ᨵṇ࡛ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣞࢺࣂ࣮ࣜࣜࣇ࡞ࡢᡤᐃ ࡢᆅᇦࡢ⯪⯧ࡢ⛣ື㛵ࡋࠊ⯪⯧ࡢ⯪㛗 ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊሗ࿌⩏ົࢆㄢࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⩏ົࡅ ࡽࢀࡓ࠾ࡾࡢሗ࿌ࢆᛰࡗࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢᦆᐖ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⯪㛗ࡣᚲࡎಶேⓗ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⯪㛗ࡢ⢭⚄≧ែࡸ㐣 ኻࡢ⛬ᗘࢆド᫂ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⯪㛗ฮ ㈐௵ࢆㄢࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ᳨ ࡣࠊពᅗࠊ▱㆑ࠊ↓ㅛࡉࡲࡓࡣ㐣ኻࢆド᫂ ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋุᡤࡣࠊฮッ㏣ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡼࡾ㧗㢠ࡢ⨩㔠ࢆ⛉ࡍࠕẸไ 㔠௧ࠖࢆฟࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ ࡓࠋ ࡲࡵ 2011ᖺᾏἲᨵṇἲᇶ࡙ࡃᨵṇࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚ 㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᾏᇦ࡛ ⯟⾜ࡍࡿಶேἲே㸦≉⏝⯪⪅㸧ࡀࡉࡽࡉ ࢀࡿࣜࢫࢡࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆࡁࡃ㧗ࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⨩㔠ࡀᖜᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦Ẹࠊฮ ࡶ㸧ྠࠊ⏝⯪⪅ࡶᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ㈐௵⠊ᅖࡀᣑࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊ⯪㛗 ࡣࠊᡤᐃࡢᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⯪⯧ࡢ⛣ືࡘ࠸ ࡚ࠊሗ࿌⩏ົࡀㄢࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊὀព ࡸ↓ㅛ࡞᪉ἲ࡛⯪⯧ࢆ⯟⾜ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍ ࡿ⩏ົࡶㄢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ௨እࡶࠊබᕸ῭ࡳ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃ බᕸࡉࢀࡿணᐃࡢἲࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ ࡣࠊ2012ᖺ7᭶1᪥ࡲ࡛ࡍ࡚ࡢᾏ㐠ᨵ㠉ἲ ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Australia toughens pollution laws Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ 㸫 㐠࡞᥀๐ࣜࢢ WEST ATLAS – The ill-fated drilling rig Gard ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ 3 㒊ᵓᡂ࡛ࠊୡ⏺᭱⣭ࡢࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉᘧ᥀๐ࣜࢢ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ῝ ้࡞࢞ࢫᄇฟᨾࢆ 3 ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿどⅬࡽ᳨ドࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣ Gard ࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࢆྲྀ ࡾᢅࡗࡓࢡ࣮࣒࣭࢚ࣞࢢࢮࢡࢸࣈࡢどⅬࠊḟἲไᗘୖࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃ㠃ᑐฎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࡗࡓἲᚊᐙࡢどⅬࠊࡑࡋ࡚ἲつไୖࡢ㞴㢟ࢆᕦࡳࡾษࡗࡓṧ㧁᧔ཤᑓ㛛ᐙࡢどⅬ࡛ࡍࠋᮏグ ࡛ࡣࠊࢡ࣮࣒࣭࢚ࣞࢢࢮࢡࢸࣈࡢどⅬࡽࡇࡢᨾࢆ᳨ドࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣࠾ࡅࡿ ⌧ᆅసᴗ 2007 ᖺ ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ ࡛ᘓ㐀ࡉࢀࡓ࢚࢘ࢫ ࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡣࠊୡ⏺᭱ࡢࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉ ᘧ᥀๐ࣜࢢࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱῝ 120 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ ࡢᾏᗏ࡛ࠊ3 ࣇ࣮ࢺ㸦⣙ 9,140 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ㸧 ࡢᆙࢆ᥀๐ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᨾࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡁࠊࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺ ࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸦WHP: ࢙࢘ࣝ࣊ࢵࢻ࣭ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛ ࣮࣒㸧࡛ࡣᆙࡢ᥀๐ୖࡆࡢࡓࡵࡢዎ⣙ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚సᴗࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋሙᡤࡣࠊす ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᕞࢺࣛࢫࢥࢵࢺࡢす⣙ 250 ࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝ⨨ࡍࡿࢳ࣮ࣔࣝᾏࡢ࣮࢜ࢫ 2009 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 21 ᪥ࡢ᪩ᮅࠊGard ࡢࢡ࣮࣒࣭ࣞ ࢺࣛࣜᾏᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊỈ῝࠾ࡼࡑ 77 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ ࢚ࢢࢮࢡࢸࣈࡀ࠶ࡿࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢಖ㝤㒊 ࡢሙᡤ࡛ࡍࠋ 㛛ࡽࠕ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ᥀๐ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ ࢛࣮࣒࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࢫ₃ฟࠖࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿ㟁ヰࢆ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡣࠊ2009 ᖺึ㢌ࣉࣛࢵ ཷࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣဨ↓㑊㞴ࡋࠊ ࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࢪࣕࢣࢵࢺࡢ୰ࢆ㏻ࡿ 5 ࡁ࡞ࡅࡀேࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ᮏࡢᆙࡢ᥀๐ࢆ⤊࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᆙࢆࣉࣛ ࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢࢹࢵ࢟㐃⤖ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ2009 ࡑࡢࢡ࣮࣒࣭࢚ࣞࢢࢮࢡࢸࣈࡣࠊᨾࡀ ᖺ 8 ᭶༙ࡤἜ⏣ᡠࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢹ ࢀ῝้࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡄࡣㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡲࡏ ࢵ࢟ࡣ᥀๐ࣜࢢࡀἜ⏣࡞࠸㛫タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ ࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡇࢁࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᆙࢆࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢࢹࢵ࢟ ࢫࢆᩆ࠺ࡣᡭ㐜ࢀࡔࡗࡓࡏࡼࠊែࢆṇ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㐃⤖ࡋࡓࡽࠊࣜࢢ࡛㈓␃ᒙࡲ࡛᥀๐ ᖖࡉࡏࡿࡢ 75 ᪥௨ୖࡶཬࡪᅔ㞴࡞≀ㄒ ࡋ࡚ᆙෆୖࡆࡢࢫࢺࣜࣥࢢࢆ㏻ࡋࠊ࢞ ࡢጞࡲࡾ࡞ࢁ࠺ࡣᛮ࠸ࡶࡼࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ࡛ ࢫࢥࣥࢹࣥࢭ࣮ࢺࡢ⏕⏘‽ഛࢆࡍࡿࡇ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢞ࢫᄇฟࢆక࠺ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᨾࡣࠊࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉᘧ᥀๐ࣜࢢ࡛⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿ᭱ࡶ⮴ⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡࡢ 1 ࡘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ 1ࠋ 1 ṧ㧁᧔ཤసᴗ䛻䛚䛡䜛ἲつไୖ䛾ㄢ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ヲ⣽䛿䚸 GardNews ᮏྕ䛾䛂䜴䜶䝇䝖䞉䜰䝖䝷䝇䛾ṧ㧁᧔ཤ — つไㄆ ྍ䠋ἲⓗㄆྍྲྀᚓ䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻䛚䛡䜛೧ᴗ䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥 䛔䚹ᨾ䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛ἲไᗘ䛾⪃ᐹ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸GardNews ᮏ ྕ䛾ูグ䛂䜴䜶䝇䝖䞉䜰䝖䝷䝇 — 」㞧ᴟ䜎䜛䜒ᡂຌ䛻 WEST ATLAS – The ill-fated drilling rig 䛧䛯ṧ㧁᧔ཤ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䚸䛭䛾ἲไᗘ䛸䛿䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥 䛔䚹 24 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ᨾ సᴗࡣ⣙ 2 ࢝᭶࠸࠺㛫ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗ ᆙࡢࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢ࣭ࢫࢺࣜࣥࢢୖ㒊ඛ➃ࡣࠊ ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⭉㣗ᅽຊࡽᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢟ࣕࢵࣉ࡛ಖㆤࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ๓᥀๐ࡢᚋྲྀࡾ సᴗᐇ୰ࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡣᡭࡀࡘࡅ ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᆙࢆ⏕⏘⏝ࢹࢵ࢟ ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ᆙࡢᤕࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែࡀ⥆ࡁࠊࢥ 㐃⤖ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᘏ㛗㒊ศࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿ๓ࠊࡇ ࣥࢹࣥࢭ࣮ࢺࠊᾏỈࠊ࢞ࢫࡢὶฟࡀ⥆ࡁࡲࡋ ࢀࡽࡢ࢟ࣕࢵࣉࢆྲྀࡾእࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡀࣜࢢࢆそ࠸ࠊᒇእࡢ࣮ࣔ ࢱ࣮ࠊࢫࢵࢳ㢮ࠊ⨨ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᚎࠎ 2009 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊ1 ᮏ┠ࡢᆙࡢ⭉㣗㜵Ṇ࢟ ࣜࢢ⯪యෆ㒊ࡸᐷἩࡲࡾࡍࡿࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡲ࡛ ࣕࢵࣉࡀእࡉࢀࠊᘏ㛗ࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢ⟶ࡀ↓タ ὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㟁Ẽ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࠊ㒊ရ ⨨ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋྠ᪥ኤ᪉ࠊྠᵝࢹࢵ࢟ࡢ 㢮ࠊࢫࢵࢳࢠࠊࢣ࣮ࣈࣝྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㐃⤖సᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ᥀๐タഛࢆ㞄ࡢᆙ ≀㈨ࡣࠊ࢞ࢫࡸࢥࣥࢹࣥࢭ࣮ࢺࡉࡽࡉࢀ ⛣ືࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓࠋࡍࡿ 8 ᭶ 21 ᪥ࡢᮍ᫂ࠊ ࡿᏛຎࡀຍ㏿ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢞ 㐃⤖ࡉࢀࡓ┤ᚋࡢᆙࡽᾮయࡀὶฟࡋ࡚࠸ ࢫࡀఱࡢཎᅉ࡛Ⓨⅆࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᆙࡽࡢ ࡿࡢࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࢞ࢫ㆙ሗࡀⓎࡏࡽ ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢭ࣮ࢺᒙ࡛そࢃࢀࡓ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺ ࢀࠊ⥭ᛴయไࡀⓎືࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ᥀๐Ꮝ ࣛࢫᘬⅆࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ≀⌮ⓗᰦࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ᥀๐タഛࢆࡇࡢᆙ ࡢ⨨ᡠࡍࡇࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢ ᦆኻ㍍ῶ⟇ ⛣ື୰ᆙࡽᄇฟࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᄇฟᨾࡢึᮇẁ㝵࡛ࠊᆙࡢ᧯ᴗ♫ࡑ ࡢᢏ⾡⪅ࡽࡣᐜ㔞ࡢ㧗ᅽᨺỈタഛࢆᣢࡕ㎸ ┤ࡕ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡽࡢ㏥ཤ௧ࡀ ࡴࡇࢆ㐍ゝࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ Ⓨືࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ᥀๐㛵ࡍࡿ᪤ᐃࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ ࢺࣛࢫࡢᡤ᭷♫ಖ㝤♫ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ⏝ࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉ㟁ụࢆ㝖ࡃ ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㛫ࢆ↓㥏ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ᪉ἲ ࡚ࡢ㟁※ࠊタഛࠊ⨨ࢆṆࡉࡏࠊ69 ㄽࡢṇྰࡢ᭱⤊ุ᩿ࢆᚅࡓࡎࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⾜ ྡࡢసᴗ⪅ဨࡀ 3 㞘ࡢᩆ࣮࣎ࢺ࡛ࣜࢢ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ྜពࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡽ㏥ཤࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୖ✵┘ど࣓࢝ࣛࡼࡿ┿ࢆㄪࡓࡇࢁࠊ ᡭࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ᆙࡢᤕ ࣜࢢࡢ࣓ࣥࢹࢵ࢟࠶ࡿࣁࢵࢳࡀ㛤࠸ࡓࡲ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡽ㑊㞴ࡋࡓᚋࡶࠊᆙ ࡲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ ࡽࡣࢥࣥࢹࣥࢭ࣮ࢺࠊỈࠊ࢞ࢫࡢᄇฟࡀ⥆ ࡽ 㔞 ࡢỈ ࡀ⯪ య ὶධ ࡋࡓ ሙྜ ࠊ࢘ ࢚ࢫ ࡁࠊࡲࡓ㢼ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊࣜࢢࡀ࢞ࢫ㞼࡛そࢃࢀࡿ ࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢᏳᐃᛶᠱᛕࡀ⏕ࡌࡲࡍࠋࡑ ែ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋྠ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⤥Ỉ⯪ࡼ ࡢࡓࡵࠊᡤ᭷♫ಖ㝤♫ࡣᥦࡉࢀࡓᨺ ࡿᨺỈࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊຠᯝࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ Ỉసᴗࢆ୰Ṇࡍࡿࡼ࠺せồࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࣜࢢࡽᏳ࡞㊥㞳ࢆ⨨࠸࡚ᨺỈࡍ ₃ฟ࢞ࢫࡢⓎⅆഛ࠼࡚ᨺỈタഛࢆࡑࡢሙᡤ ࡿࡣ⬟ຊࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ␃ࡵ⨨ࡃࡇࡣྠពࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᙜᒁࡣࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ ᭱⤊ⓗࠊつไᙜᒁࡶᥦࡉࢀࡓᨺỈసᴗࢆ ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࿘㎶࢞ࢫ㞼ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡓࡵࠊ ㄆࡵࡎࠊ᪥୰ࡢᨺỈࡢࡳㄆྍࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࡋ Ᏻࡢࡓࡵ 2 ࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝࡢ❧ධ⚗Ṇ༊ᇦࢆ ࡋࠊ᪥୰ࡢᨺỈసᴗࡣ╔ᡭࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋ タᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᆙࢆไᚚྍ⬟࡞≧ែࡍࡿ ࡓ㸧ࠋ ࡣࠊ㈓␃ᒙ㏆ࡃ࡛ඖࡢ᥀๐Ꮝᕪࡍࡿᩆ ຓࢆ᥀๐ࡍࡿ௨እ᪉⟇ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࠊ᪩ ᮇẁ㝵࡛⤖ㄽࡅࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ WEST ATLAS – The ill-fated drilling rig Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ᩆຓࡢ᥀๐ᆙࡢไᚚ ඖࡢᆙᕪࡋࡓࡁࠊ㔜ẚ㔜ࡢᆙᑒࡌ ᩆຓ᥀๐ࢆㄳࡅ㈇ࡗࡓ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ ㎸ࡵ⏝ᾮయࡢ࣏ࣥࣆࣥࢢࡀ┤ࡕ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡲ ࡢጜጒࣜࢢ࡛࠶ࡿ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢺࣥࡣࠊ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 1 㛫༙ᚋࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛ ࡑࡢࠊࣥࢻࢿࢩࡢࣂࢱ࣒ᓥ࡛ಀ⯪୰࡛ ࢫࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࿘㎶ࡢ࢞ ࡋࡓࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏᇦࡢእ᮶✀ࡢධ ࢫ㞼ࡣࡁࡃῶᑡࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᑡࡋᚋࡣࠊ ࢆண㜵ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢཝࡋ࠸つไࡼࡾࠊࣜࢢࡣ ࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ୖࡢᆙୖ㒊 ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏᇦධࡿ๓⎍࡞ࢡ࣮ࣜ ࡽᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ᾮయࡀὶࢀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀほ ࢽࣥࢢసᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࣂࣛࢫࢺ⏝ࡢỈࢆࡋ ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ࢞ࢫὶฟࡣࡣṆ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ᾮయࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢺࣥࡣ 9 ᭶ 10 ᪥⌧ᆅࡢࣔ ࣥࢱࣛ฿╔ࡋࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࣔࣥ ࡑࡢࡁ✺↛₃ฟ࢞ࢫࡀⅬⅆࡋࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ ࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡽ 2 ࢟ࣟ㞳ࢀࡓ ࢺࣛࢫࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡣ ࡇࢁ࡛ࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢィ⏬ ▐ࡃ㛫⅖ໟࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࢚࢘ ࡣࠊᾏᗏࡽ⣙ 2,600 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ᥀๐ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡛ ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫୖሁ✚ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢹࣥࢭ࣮ࢺ ඖࡢᆙᕪࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢࡢྍ⇞≀㉁ࡶᘬⅆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᆙཱྀ ㏆ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃ⇕ࡏࡽࢀࠊ᥀๐⏝ࡢࡸࡄࡽࡀ⯪ ᩆຓࡢ᥀๐ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡢࡣ 2009 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 15 ᑿࡢ⬮ࡢ㛫ಽቯࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᥀๐⏝タ ᪥࡛ࡍࠋ10 ᭶ 5 ᪥ࡣ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ 2,600 ഛࡢ࢝ࣥࢳࣞࣂ࣮ࡶᴟࡵ࡚㧗 ࡞ࡾࠊ⣙ 700 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡲ࡛᥀๐ࡋࠊඖࡢࣔࣥࢱࣛ᥀๐Ꮝ ࢺࣥࡢ⮬㔜࡛ࡓࢃࡳࠊἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ ࡽ 10 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ௨ෆ฿㐩ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ10 ᭶ 6 ᪥ ୖᔂⴠࡋࡓᚋࠊᶓࡾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠊඖࡢᆙࡢ㗰〇ࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢ✰ ࢆ㛤ࡅࡿ᭱ึࡢヨࡳࡣኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ㔜ẚ㔜ࡢἾ≧ᾮయ 4,000 ࣂ࣮ࣞࣝࡀ㏣ຍ ⥆࠸࡚ 10 ᭶ 13 ᪥⾜ࢃࢀࡓᆙᕪࡉࡏ ࡛‽ഛࡉࢀࠊ2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 3 ᪥࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺ ࡿ 2 ᅇ┠ࡢヨࡳࡶ㤳ᑿ⤊ࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣛࢺࣥࡽᆙ࣏ࣥࣉὀධࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ 2 㛫༙ᚋࠊᆙࡽࡢ࢞ࢫὶฟࡀ 3 ᅇ┠ࡢヨࡳࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 2009 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 22 ᪥ࠊ࢘ ࡃṆࡲࡾࠊⅆ⅖ࡶᚎࠎ㙠ⅆࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢚ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢺࣥୖᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ᥀๐ 11 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࡽ 30 ᪥ࡣࠊඖࡢᆙࡢᗏ㒊Ꮝ ≀ࡢ୰ࠊඖࡢᆙࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ∦ࡀぢࡘࡾ ࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺᰦࣃࢵ࣮࢝ࡢタ⨨సᴗࡀᐇ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᆙᕪࡉࡏࡿ 4 ᅇ┠ࡢ ࡉࢀࠊᩆຓࡀ⾲㠃ࡲ࡛ሰࡀࢀࡓᚋࠊ࢚࢘ࢫ ヨࡳࡀᡂຌࡋࠊ11 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࡣࢻࣜࣝࡢลࡀ㗰 ࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢺࣥࡣἜ⏣ࢆᚋࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 〇ࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢࢆ㈏㏻ࡋ࡚ඖࡢࣔࣥࢱࣛ᥀๐Ꮝ ධࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚ᆙࡣࠊࡑࡢ㏆ࡃ࡛ࡢస ᴗࡀ⾜࠼ࡿ༑ศᏳ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࡳ࡞ࡉ ᩆຓඖࡢ᥀๐Ꮝࢆ‶ࡉࡏࡿࡣࠊ㧗ẚ ࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ2010 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 13 ᪥ࡃᆙ 㔜ࡢᆙᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ࡢᾮయ⣙ 1,600 ࣂ࣮ࣞࣝࡀ ୖ㒊ࡽ᥀๐ᏍࡀṆᰦࡉࢀࠊᆙಖಀࡿ ᚲせ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᆙ⟶⌮ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡣ ᡤᐃࡢసᴗࡀࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⏝ᚰ῝ࡃࠊࡇࡢィ⟬್ࡢ 2.5 ಸࡢᾮయࢆΰྜࡍ ࡿࡢࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࣜࢢࡢἾ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢಖ㝤ዎ⣙ ≧ᾮయᐜ㔞ࢆ 4,000 ࣂ࣮ࣞࣝタᐃࡋ࡚‽ഛࡋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡣࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᾏୖಖ㝤 ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ㏻๎㸦Norwegian Marine Insurance Plan㸧ᇶ࡙ ࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ≉ู⣙Ḱࢆࡅ࡚ࠊ⯪యಖ 㝤ࠊ⯪㈝ಖ㝤ࠊ✌ാᦆኻಖ㝤ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿ WEST ATLAS – The ill-fated drilling rig Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣇ࣮ࣜࢺ⥲ྜዎ⣙࡛ಖ㝤ࢆಖࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᑐᛂ⟇ࡣࠊࣜࢢࡢᦆᐖࡀᣑࡏࡎᆙࡽ ಖ㝤ࡢᘬཷඛࡣࠊ1 ࡘࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ࢜ࣇࢩࣙ ࡢᄇฟࡀṆࡲࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊಟ⌮ࡢࡓࡵ㐀 ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ࢚ࢿ ⯪ᡤࡲ࡛㐠ࡪࡢಖ㝤᪥ᩘච㈐᪥ᩘࡼࡾࡶ ࣝࢠ࣮ᑓ㛛ࣈ࣮࣮ࣟ࢝ࡀ௰ࡋࡓᾏእ࣐࣮ࢣ 㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊ⯪యಖ ࢵࢺࠊࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡣࣟࢬಖ㝤⤌ྜࣟࣥࢻࣥ 㝤ࡢୗ࡛ᐃࡉࢀࡿ᭱ࡢホ౯ᦆᐖ㢠✌ ࢆᣐⅬࡍࡿࣟࢬࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᑓ㛛ࣈ࣮ࣟ ാᦆኻಖ㝤ࡢୗ࡛ࡢᦆኻࡢ᭱㧗㝈ᗘ㢠ࢆ⧊ࡾ ࣮࢝ࡀ௰ࡋࡓࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢಖ㝤♫࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ㎸ࢇࡔࠊ᭱ᝏ࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࢆᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ಖ㝤ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊGard ࡀ⥲ᖿ࡞ 11 ᭶ 1 ᪥Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓⅆ⅏ࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࠊᦆᐖࢩ ࡾࠊࣟࢬࡢ Hiscox ࢩࣥࢪࢣ࣮ࢺࡀࣟࣥࢻࣥ ࢼࣜ࢜ࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡾࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࠾ࡅࡿᖿ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡀᩆຓ⬟ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᥎ᐃᦆ࡞ࡿ࠺ ࠸࠺ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢၥ㢟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡣࡉࡽࠊGard P&I ಖ 㛫ࠊࡸࡣࡾࣜࢢ㏆࡙࠸࡚ᦆᐖㄪᰝࡀ⾜࠼࡞ 㝤ዎ⣙࠾ࡼࡧ⥲ྜ㈺ൾ㈐௵ಖ㝤ዎ⣙ࢆ⥾⤖ࡋ ࠸ࡓࡵࠊಟ⌮ᴗົࡢධᮐ⪅ࢆເࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡢฎ⌮࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊቯࡋ୍࡚㒊ࡀࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛ ࡇࡢᨾࡢᦆᐖᰝᐃேࡋ࡚ Matthews Daniel ࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ୖ࡛⼥ゎࡋࡓ᥀๐⨨ࢡ࣮ࣞ 㸦MatDan㸧ࡢࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝົᡤࢆᣦྡࡍࡿ ࣥࠊ῝้࡞ⅆ⅏⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡓ࣓ࣥࢹࢵ࢟ ࡇࡀᙜ⪅㛫࡛ྜពࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⿕ಖ㝤⪅ ࢹࢵ࢟タഛࠊⅆ⅏࡛ᦆയࡋࡓ⯪ᑿࡢ⬮ࡢୖ㒊ࠊ ࡢࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉ㒊㛛ࡀࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ࠶ࡾࠊ ⏝⬟࡞ࡗࡓࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉ⨨ࠊࣜࢢ ࡲࡓ MatDan ࡣ⿕ಖ㝤⪅ࡀ㛵ಀࡋࡓࡢ௳ ࡢᅇ௨๓ྲྀࡾ㝖࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸↴ࡸ ࡶ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⿕ಖ㝤⪅ࡢᴗົ➼⢭㏻ࡋ ཎἜṧ␃≀࡞ࠊせタഛࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡣࠊ ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡛ࡍࠋែࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀࠊ ᨾ┿ࢆᡭࡾᦆᐖࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀྍ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢ≉Ṧ࡞ࢆ⇍▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⬟࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡀᙺ❧ࡘࡇࡶศࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᖾ㐠ࡶࠊGard ࡢ⌧ᆅࡢ❆ཱྀᙺࢆົࡵࡿ⿕ ಖ㝤♫ࡢㄢ㢟 ಖ㝤⪅ഃࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࢆᘓ 9 ᭶ 30 ᪥ࡣಖ㝤ࢆ┤᥋ᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࢇࡢ 㐀ࡋࡓ♫ᴟࡵ࡚Ⰻዲ࡞㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࠊ✚ᴟ ♫࠾࠸࡚➨ 3 ᅄ༙ᮇᮎᙜࡓࡾࠊᦆᐖྍ ⓗእほୖࡢᦆᐖ≧ἣࢆᇶಟ⌮ࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾ ⬟ᛶࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᦆᐖ≧ἣ ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣜࢢࢆᅇࡋ ࡣྛᕷሙ▱ࢀΏࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2009 ᖺ 9 ᭶୰᪪ ࡚ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢ㐀⯪ᡤ᭥⯟ࡍࡿ㈝⏝ࡣ࢜ ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢࣈ࣮ࣝࢪ࡛ࣗ㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᅜ㝿ᾏ ࣮ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᾏὒㄳ㈇♫ࡀぢ✚ࡶࡾࡢ↷ ୖಖ㝤㐃ྜ㸦IUMI㸧ࡢ㆟࡛ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ぢ✚ࡶࡾࡀ 11 ᭶ 12 ᪥ࡽ 13 ᪥ࡅ࡚ᥦฟ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡀࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉ⏝࣮ࣔ ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆྜ⟬ࡍࡿࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺ ࢱ࣮ࠊࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࠊࢫࢵࢳ㢮ᦆയࢆཷࡅࡓ ࣛࢫࡢಖ㝤౯㢠㸦ᕷሙ౯᱁㸧ࢆ 108 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥ ࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢞ࢫࡀᒃఫ༊ᇦࡢ᩿⇕ ࢺୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ᮦࡲ࡛ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᾏୖಖ㝤㏻๎ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ⤒῭ⓗಟ⧋ ࡋࡋࠊᄇฟࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࣜࢢࡾ ⬟≧ែࡘ࠸࡚‶ࡓࡍࡁᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿ 80 ࣃ ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡢᦆᐖㄪᰝࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࢆࡁࡃୖᅇࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⿕ಖ㝤 WEST ATLAS – The ill-fated drilling rig Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ⪅ࡣࠊ2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 19 ᪥࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛ ࡋ࡚ 2009 ᖺึ㢌௬ᰦࢆࡋࡓࡁࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ ࢫࡢಟ⧋⬟ࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࢆ⏦ࡋ❧࡚ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 2009 ᖺ 8 ᭶ᆙࡢసᴗࢆ㛤ࡋࡓࡁࡢ୧ ᪉࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢせᅉࡀ㔜࡞ࡾࠊ ಖ㝤♫ഃࡣ㐀⯪ᡤࡢಟ⌮㈝⏝ࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾࡢ 2009 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 20 ᪥ᆙࢆἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮ ෆヂ᫂⣽ࢆせồࡋࠊMatDan ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢぢ ࣒ࢹࢵ࢟㐃⤖ࡍࡿసᴗ࡛ಖㆤ࢟ࣕࢵࣉࢆྲྀ ✚ࡶࡾࢆ㡯┠ࡈ⢭ᰝࡍࡿࡼ࠺౫㢗ࡋࡲ ࡾእࡋࡓ㝿ࠊᆙ࠾࠸࡚㈓␃ᒙẼࡢ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ༙ࡣ㐺ṇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ 㛫ᮏ᮶࠶ࡿࡁ 2 ࡘࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ษࡾࡀ࡞ పࡍࡂࡿࡶࡢࡸᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㡯┠ࡀ ࠸≧ែ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ୍㒊࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⢭ᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊぢ✚⥲㢠ࡣᕷ ሙ౯᱁ࡢ 120 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺቑຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ㄪᰝጤဨ࠾ࡼࡧሗ࿌᭩㸭㛵㐃㈨ᩱ㛵ࡍࡿ ヲ⣽ࡣୗグࡢ Web ࢧࢺࢆࡈぴࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ࡇࢀᚑ࠸ࠊGard ࡣࢡ࣮࣒ࣞࡢᖿ♫ࡋ www.montarainquiry.gov.au/ ࡚࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢ⤒῭ⓗಟ⧋⬟≧ែ www.ret.gov.au/Department/responses/montara/Pa ᑐࡍࡿㄳồࢆ 2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 30 ᪥ཷࡅධࢀࠊ ges/MontaraInquiryResponse.aspx ⯪యಖ㝤࠾ࡼࡧ⯪㈝ಖ㝤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᦆ㈺ൾ 㔠ࢆྠᖺ 12 ᭶ 15 ᪥ᨭᡶ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋಖ㝤 ᅇࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ♫ࡣ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫᡤ᭷ᶒࡢᢎ⥅ࢆᨺᲠ ㄪᰝጤဨࡣሗ࿌᭩ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᧯ᴗ♫ࡢᾏୖ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᨾཎᅉㄪᰝࡼࡗ࡚➨୕⪅ ࠾ࡼࡧ㝣ୖࡢసᴗဨࡼࡿసⅭ࣭సⅭࡀᄇ ᑐࡋ࡚ൾ㑏ㄳồࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡢ௦മ ฟᨾࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡋ࡚ཝࡋࡃᢈุࡋࡲࡋ ᶒࡣಖᣢࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᾏୖಖ㝤㏻๎ ࡓࠋ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᨭᡶࢃࢀࡿࡁᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྜ ពࡋࠊᚋ᪥ᨭᡶࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ✌ാᦆኻಖ㝤 ࡋࡋࠊ㐣ኻࡣ᧯ᴗ♫ࡢ⤌⧊ࡄࡿࡳ࡛⾜ࢃ ࡣࠊಖ㝤ᑐ㇟ࡢࣜࢢࡀᦆࡢሙྜࠊಖ㝤㔠ࡣ ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ♫⮬యࡢᨾពࡳ ᨭᡶࢃࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡞ࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢಖ 㝤࠾ࡅࡿඹྠ⿕ಖ㝤⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅࢆᦆࡡ ཎᅉㄪᰝ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢚࢘ࢫ 2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 5 ᪥ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᨻᗓୗ㝔㆟ ࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫᡤ᭷♫ࠊࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛ ဨࡢ࣐࣮ࢸ࣭ࣥࣇ࣮࢞ࢯࣥ㈨※࢚ࢿࣝࢠ ࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢ᧯ᴗ♫࣭ᡤ᭷♫ࡢ㛫ࡢ ࣮⮧ࡀࠊࢳ࣮ࣔࣝᾏ࡛ࡢࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛ ᥀๐ዎ⣙⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࠊknock for knock㸦ࣀ ࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡽࡢไᚚ⬟࡞ཎἜ࣭࢞ࢫὶ ࢵࢡ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣀࢵࢡ㸧ࡢ᮲㡯ࢆ↓ຠࡍࡿ ฟࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄪᰝጤဨࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇࢆⓎ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ࡛ࡣᆙᄇ ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ฟᨾࡢཎᅉ➨୕⪅㒊ศⓗ࡞㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡇࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀక࠸ࠊ ㄪᰝጤဨࡣ 2010 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 15 ᪥ࡽ 4 ᭶ 16 ᪥ ಖ㝤♫ࡣ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢᦆ㛵ࡋ ࡢ㛫ᑂၥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྠᖺ 6 ᭶ 17 ᪥᭱⤊ሗ࿌ ࡚௦ㄳồ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ࡇྜពࡋࡲࡋ ࢆᥦฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋሗ࿌᭩ࡣࡍࡄࡣ୍⯡බ㛤 ࡓࠋ ࡉࢀࡎࠊ2010 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 24 ᪥࡞ࡗ࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀ ࡲࡋࡓࠋጤဨࡣ 51 ௳ࡢ㐣ኻᛰ៏ࢆᣦࡋࡲ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࢇࡣ⌧ᆅ᧯ᴗ♫ࡢసᴗဨ ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ୍㒊ࡣ᧯ᴗ♫ࡢసᴗ ဨ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫᡤ᭷♫ࡢඹྠ㈐௵ ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓᙜᒁࡢ⫋ဨࡢ㈐௵ᖐࡍࡶࡢࡶ ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㐣ኻᛰ៏ࡣࠊᆙࢆ᥀๐ WEST ATLAS – The ill-fated drilling rig Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤ — つไㄆྍ㸭ἲⓗㄆྍྲྀᚓ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ೧ᴗ The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph Alex Harrison㸦LOC Australiaࠊ࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪࣥࢢࢲࣞࢡࢱ࣮㸧 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊGard ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛㛵ࢃࡗࡓṧ㧁᧔ཤࡢ୰࡛ࠊつไ㠃ἲᚊ㠃࡛᭱ࡶࡁ࡞ᅔ㞴ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ ࡓ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤసᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࡈሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᴫせ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊGard ࠊࡑࡢ⤌ྜဨࠊዎ⣙ᢸᙜ࣐ ᴟࡵ࡚ᙉ࠸つไୗ࠶ࡿᾏὒἜ⏣࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࠊࡑࡋ࡚᧔ཤసᴗㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡣࠊࡇ 㐠ࡶᨾࡼࡿṧ㧁ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡢࡇ ࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖつไㄆྍ㠃ࢆὀどࡋ࡚ࠊධᮐࠊ ࢆീࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡋࡶࠊࡑࡢἜ⏣ ዎ⣙ࠊィ⏬ࠊᐇࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡲࡋ ࡀୡ⏺࡛᭱ࡶ⟶⌮ࡀཝࡋ࠸ᅜ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㛵 ࡓࠋ 㐃⏘ᴗࡢປാ⤌ྜࡢ⤌⧊⋡ࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸ࡋ ึᮇࡢつไᑐ⟇ ࡓࡽ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁᧔ཤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ ࡉࡽࠊṧ㧁ࡀࠊࡑࡢᾏᗏἜ⏣࠾ࡅࡿ῝้ ୰࡛ࠊつไᑐᛂࡋ࡚ㄆྍࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡞▼Ἔởᰁᨾࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࣁ࣮ࢻ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡇࡀṔ↛ࡋ࡚ ࠶ࡾࠊつไᙜᒁ⪅ࡶྵࡵࡓ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ㐃㑥 ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊඃ⚽࡞ㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࢆぢᴟ ᨾㄪᰝጤဨࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ ࡵࠊ㑅ᢥࡋࠊዎ⣙ࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊࡇࡢⅬࡀ ࡀែࢆࡉࡽ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ ᭱ࡶ㔜どࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡢ㑅ᢥ࠾࠸ ࡍࠋ ࡚ࠊ๓ࡢ㈨᱁ᑂᰝᐇ㝿ࡢධᮐࡢ୧᪉࠾ ࠸࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏᇦ࡛ࡢసᴗ⤒㦂▱ ࢳ࣮ࣔࣝᾏࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣࡛ࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤసᴗࡣࠊ ㆑ຍ࠼࡚ࠊつไ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢせ௳ࢆഛ ᖾ࡞ࡇࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ᐇࡋ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ 1 ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ ࠋࡇࡢ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁᧔ཤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊᾏ㞴ᩆ – ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏὒ▼ἜᏳᒁ㸦NOPSA㸧 ຓᴗ⏺ᾏὒᘓタᴗ⏺ࡢ⥭ᐦ࡞㐃ᦠࡀྍḞ ྠᒁࡢἲⓗせ௳㛵ࡍࡿ⤒㦂▱㆑ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙜึࡣࠊࡇࡢࡇࡀࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ – NOPSA ࡢἲⓗせ௳ᚑࡗ࡚ Safety Case ୰ᚰㄢ㢟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᐃࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡤࢀࡿᩥ᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞▱㆑⤒㦂 ࡋࡋࠊᐇ㝿ࡣࠊᨻⓗ࡞ໃࡢᗈࡀࡾࢆ – ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏὒಖᏳᒁ㸦AMSA㸧ࠊྠ ⫼ᬒࠊGardࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛㛵ࢃࡗࡓࡢṧ㧁 ᒁࡢᙺ࠾ࡼࡧἲⓗせ௳㛵ࡍࡿ⤒㦂▱㆑ ᧔ཤసᴗࡼࡾࡶつไ㠃ἲᚊ㠃࡛᭱ࡶࡁ࡞ – ⌧ᅾࡲࡓࡣ㏆ᖺ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢ᧔ཤసᴗ࡛ ᅔ㞴ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡇࡢᑐ ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞᧔ཤసᴗ⯪㛵ࡍࡿ⤒㦂 ⟇ࡀ᭱ࡢㄢ㢟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ▱㆑ – ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢປ㛵ಀࡢつ⠊ࣉࣟࢭࢫ 㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ 1 䛣䛾䛾ヲ⣽䛿䚸Gard News ᮏྕ䛾䛂䜴䜶䝇䝖䞉䜰䝖䝷䝇 䠉 㐠䛺᥀๐䝸䜾䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹ᨾ䜢ྲྀ䜚ᕳ䛟ἲつไ 䛾⪃ᐹ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸Gard News ᮏྕ䛾䛂䜴䜶䝇䝖䞉䜰䝖䝷䝇 — 」㞧ᴟ䜎䜛䜒ᡂຌ䛻䛧䛯ṧ㧁᧔ཤ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䚸䛭䛾ἲ ไᗘ䛸䛿䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph – ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢ⛯㛵ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ᳨ࣛࣜ ᳨ᰝᒁ㸦AQUIS㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᅜ⛯ ᒁ㸦ATO㸧ࡢᑐᛂ⤒㦂 27 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ㏻ᖖࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤࡢධᮐ࡛ࡣࠊつไㄆྍ㠃㔜 ࡁࡀ⨨ࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ ࢺࣛࢫࡢ᧔ཤዎ⣙࡛ࡣࠊධᮐࡢ㓄Ⅼࡢ⣙ 2 ࡀࠊೃ⿵ᴗ⪅ࡽᥦฟࡉࢀࡓつไㄆྍ㛵 ࡍࡿ⤒㦂యไࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ᭩㢮ࡢᑂᰝ ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᚲせ࡞ㄆྍࡀ࠸ࡘྲྀᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ ࢡࢺࡢయࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊㄆྍᚲせ࡞ᩥ᭩㸦≉ NOPSA ᥦฟࡍࡿ Safety Case㸧ࡢసᡂ᪩ࡃ ᅗ 1㸫࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤసᴗ ྲྀࡾࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ᧔ཤዎ⣙ࡢ⥾⤖ࡢ⣙ 6 ࠾ࡅࡿつไ⎔ቃ 㐌㛫๓ࡣࠊධᮐ࡛㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ᇶ ᮏྜព᭩ࡀⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࡽࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤࢳ࣮࣒ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢἲⓗ ㄆྍ⏦ㄳࡢ‽ഛࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺つไㄆྍࡑࡢྲྀᚓࢱ࣑ ࠸࠺ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊㄆྍࡢ ࣥࢢࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ ࢇࢆࠊἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⏦ㄳࡍࡿᚲせ ࡑࡢⅬࢆṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙ᫎࡉࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ㸦᪤Ꮡࡢἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࡢ࠶ࡿ⩏ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ᭱⤊ࡢዎ⣙ෆᐜࡣࠊㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡢ ົࡀࡑࢀࢆồࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ㸧ࠋୗࡢ⾲ 1 ࡣࠊ㔜 ᨭ㓄ࡢཬࡤ࡞࠸ែ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ⌧ሙసᴗࡢチ せᗘࡢ㧗࠸ㄆྍࡸྜព㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤࢳ ྍࢆᚓࡿࡣࠊ๓ࠊἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࡀ⏦ㄳ ࣮࣒Ἔ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࡢࡕࡽࡑࡢ㈐௵ࡀ࠶ ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᢎㄆࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 ࡿࢆࡲ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ㉳ᅉࡍࡿㄆྍྲྀᚓࡢ㐜ᘏࡽㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࢆಖ ㆤࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊつไㄆྍ㛵ࡍࡿ⩏ົࢆ࠾ࢁࡑ ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᮲ 㡯ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ❧ࡕࡣࡔࡗࡓつไ⎔ቃ ྑࡢᅗ 1 ࡣࠊ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁᧔ཤࢳ ࣮࣒ࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㔜せ࡞ㄆ ྍࡢ✀㢮ࡑࡢྲྀᚓඛࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᨻ ᗓࠊྛ㛵ಀ┬ᗇࠊປാ⤌ྜࠊἜ⏣ಖ㝤ᴗ⪅➼ ࡽồࡵࡽࢀࡓㄆྍࡢ✀㢮ࡣࠊ㒊࡛ 25 ୖ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⾲ 1㸫ㄆྍ㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾ ᚲせ࡞ㄆྍࡢ⏦ㄳࡣࠊࣔࣥࢱࣛᨾㄪᰝጤဨ 㸦2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 5 ᪥ࠥ2010 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧 ࡼࡗ࡚ᬯ࠸ᙳࡀⴠࡉࢀࡓἲⓗ⎔ቃୗ࡛㐍ࡵ ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝጤဨࡣࠊࣔࣥࢱࣛࣉࣛࢵ ࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛ࡢ᭱ึࡢἜᄇฟࡢཎᅉ✲᫂ࢆ The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ᙉࡃồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᨾࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ ࠕSafety CaseࠖࢆసᡂࡋࠊNOPSA ᥦฟࡍࡿ ࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢ↝ኻࢆᣍ࠸ࡓⅆ⅏ ࡇࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋSafety Case ࡛ࡣࠊḟ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓྠࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜྐୖ ࡢ㡯ࡀ≉ᚲ㡲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᝏࡢ▼ἜởᰁᨾⓎᒎࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓ ࡵࠊሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡽᨾཎᅉࡢゎ᫂ࡀᙉࡃồࡵ – タࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡞ㄝ᫂ ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ㸦ࡇࡢࡇࡀዎᶵ࡞ࡗ࡚ᨾ – タࡢᶆ‽᧯సࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮᧯స࣮ࣔࢻࡢ ㄪᰝጤဨࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿつไᶵ㛵ࡢ ㄝ᫂ ⾜Ⅽࡀබ㛤ᑂᰝࡢᑐ㇟ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡾࡲࡋ – タࡀᚋ㛵ࢃࡿணᐃࡢάືࡢ≉ᐃ ࡓ㸧ࠋࡲࡓሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡽࡢᙉ࠸ᅽຊࡣࠊᨾ – タࡢ㐠㌿క࠺ࣜࢫࢡࡢ≉ᐃࠊࣜࢫࢡ⟶ ᙜࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ࡛ࣛࣜࡢ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ࣛ ⌮ᑐ⟇ࡢㄝ᫂ ࢭࣥࢫࡢᘏ㛗ࢆ⏦ㄳ୰ࡔࡗࡓἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ – ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ᑐ⟇ࡀᖖຠᯝⓗ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࡶྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢆಖドࡍࡿᏳ⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢㄝ᫂ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ែࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ⫼ᬒࡣࠊつไᶵ㛵ࠊ ᛮ㆟࡞ࡇࠊࠕタࠖゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ▼Ἔ 㛵ಀ┬ᗇࠊἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊྠᵝࡢ ࡸ࢞ࢫࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡸࡑࢀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ᨾ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᨾฎ⌮ࠊᨾᚋࡢᑐᛂࠊ ࣥࣇࣛࡔࡅࢆᣦࡍࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ ᪧసᴗࠊṧ㧁ฎ⌮ࡢ⟶⌮᮰ࡢᐇ⤒㦂▱ ࢀࡣࠊ▼Ἔࡸ࢞ࢫࡢタࡢ㏆ࡃ࡛ࠊタ⨨ࠊ᥀ ㆑ࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ๐ࠊ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࠊ᧔ཤ࡞ࡢసᴗࢆ⾜࠺⯪ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊᴟࡵ࡚⚄⤒㉁࡛㐣ᗘៅ ⯧ࡸᑓ㛛⨨㸦᥀๐ࣜࢢ࡞㸧ࡶᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ 㔜ࡉࢆồࡵࡿつไ⎔ቃࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ ࡍࠋ ࡢࡇࡀࠊᙜ⪅ࡢ㎿㏿࡛ᯝᩒ࡞ពᛮỴᐃࢆ 㜼ᐖࡋࠊつไᶵ㛵ࡢᑐᛂࡸㄆྍࡢ᪩ᮇྲྀᚓ 㐠ࡶࠊ㐣ཤࠊࡇࡢ Safety Case ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉ ࡢ㊊ࡏ࡞ࡾࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⟶⌮ᴟࡵ࡚ ࢀࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢไᗘࡣࠊ 㔜ࡃࡢࡋࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢṧ㧁ࢆ⏕ࢇࡔᨾࡢⓎ ⏕ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢグࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢࣉࣟ ᨾࡢᪧᚲせ࡞సᴗࢆ⪃៖ධࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢳ࣮࣒ࡀㄆྍࡢྲྀᚓ㝿ࡋ࡚⤒㦂ࡋ ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊไᗘࡑࡢࡶࡢ ࡓヨ⦎ࡸ㞀ᐖࡢᩘࠎࢆࡍ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ ࡶࠊࡑࡢ㐠⏝ᢸᙜ⪅ࡽࡶࠊGard ṧ㧁᧔ཤࢳ ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ᭱ࡢ㞴㛵࡛࠶ࡗࡓ NOPSA ࣮࣒ࡀᐇࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓᾏ㞴ᩆຓ ࡢᑐᛂࡸࠊSafety Case ࡢసᡂࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑ సᴗࢆᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡢ㞀ᐖࡢࡁࡉࢆ௨ୗ♧ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Safety Case ࡢసᡂࡣࠊᦆയࡶ࡞ࡃṇᖖ✌ື NOPSA Safety Case ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ๓ィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࡢ࣋ࣥࢺ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜᾏὒ▼ἜᏳᒁ㸦NOPSA㸧ࡢ ࡋ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸タ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㝶ศ㦵ࡢᢡࢀ Safety Case つ๎ࡣࠊ▼Ἔ࢞ࢫࡢタࡢ㐠Ⴀ ࡿసᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࠊἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢἲᚊࠊ≉ 2006 ᖺࡢᾏὒ タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࣜࢢࡀ⅖ୖࡋ㸦ࡋࡶࠊࣜࢢࡢ≧ ▼Ἔ࣭ ᐊຠᯝ࢞ࢫ㈓ⶶἲࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆ㍈ࡋࡓ ែࡶ࡛᫂㸧ࠊࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢୗࡢᆙ つ๎࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࡶ▱ࢀࡎࠊ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿၥ㢟ࡢ ᳨ドࡢࡓࡵ⌧ሙ❧ࡕධࢁ࠺ࡶ NOPSA ࡢ ࡇࡢἲᚊࡣࠊἜ⏣ෆ࡛✌ືࡍࡿࠕタࠖⓏ チྍࡀୗࡾ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡛ࡣࠊSafety Case ࡢ 5 ࡘ 㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠕ᧯ᴗ♫ࠖᑐࡋ࡚ࠊタࡀ✌ື ࡢᚲ㡲㡯┠ࢆグධࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᅔ㞴ࢆᴟࡵࡿస ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊᐇࡍࡿసᴗタ㛵ࡍࡿ ᴗ࡛ࡍࠋᾏ㞴ᩆຓసᴗࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࠊ⌧ሙධࡗ The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡚ᐇ㝿ṧ㧁ᡭࢆࡅ࡚ࡳࡿࡲ࡛ࡣసᴗෆ ᐜࡸ㞴ࡋࡉࡀࡣᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࢆᮘୖ࡛⾜࠺ࡇࢆࠊNOPSA ࡑࡢつ๎ ࡣồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ つไࡢ✺◚ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡃ Safety Case ࡢసᡂ࠶ࡓࡾࠊᑐ㇟ྵࡵ࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠕタࠖࡀ 3 ࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ – ࣔࣥࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ – ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ᥀๐ࣜࢢ ᅗ 2㸫Safety Case ࡢᮏ᮶ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ – ⏝ࡍࡿணᐃࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤ⯪ ࣥᅗ ྛࠕタࠖࡣࠊἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࠊ᥀๐ࣜࢢ᧯ ᴗ♫ࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⯪㐠⯟♫࠸࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡒ ࢀูࡢࠕ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ࠖࡀ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᾏὒ▼Ἔ࣭ ᐊຠᯝ࢞ࢫ㈓ⶶἲࡢࡶ࡛ࡣࠊ ྛ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢᢸᙜࡍࡿࠕタࠖࡢ Safety Case ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊNOPSA ࡣタࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ࣮࢜࣌ࣞ ࢱ࣮௨እࡢ⪅ Safety Case ࡘ࠸࡚ウ㆟ࡍࡿ ࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊព ᛮ㏻ࢆᅗࡗ࡚ࠊ3 ࡘࡢ Safety Case ࡢ㛫ࡢ୍ ㈏ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊඹ㏻ࡢィ⏬ࠊసᴗࠊ⥭ᛴᑐ ᅗ 3㸫Safety Case ࡢ༢⣧ࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᅗ ᛂ⟇ࡀᫎࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛ࡋ ࡓࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊNOPSA ࡢㄆྍྲྀᚓᡭ⥆ࡁࡢせ ࡞㐜ᘏࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡣࠊSafety Case ࡢసᡂ ᥦฟࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㛵ಀࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ║ࢆ⨨ࡃ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ Ἔ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ᨻᗓ㸭つไᶵ㛵ࡢ㛫ࡣ᪤ ἲⓗ࡞ㄋ⣙ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡢᶵ㛵ࢆἜ ᅗ 4㸫ඹ㏻ࡢ SMS ࡼࡗ࡚⡆⣲ࡉࢀࡓ ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢࠕ᧯ᴗ♫ࠖࡍࡿࢃ Safety Case ࡅࡣ࠸ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣟࢪ ࢙ࢡࢺࢳ࣮࣒ෆࡢἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࡢ᥋Ⅼᙺࠊ ࡋࡋࠊNOPSA ༠㆟ࢆ㔜ࡡࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ᥀๐ࣜ NOPSA ࡢ᥋Ⅼᙺࡣ␃௵ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓࡲࡏࢇ࡛ ࢢࡢ≧ែࡀⅆ⅏ᚋ⃭ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡋࡓࠋ NOPSA ࡣࣜࢢࡢྡ⛠ࢆ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ࣭ ࣜࢢ㸦West Altas Rig㸧ࡽ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛ The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢫṧ㧁㸦West Atlas Wreck㸧ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇࢆ ࡋ࡚㐠Ⴀࡍࡿࡇࡣ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ チྍࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇྜពࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ3 ࡘࡢ SMS ࡣࢩ࣮࣒ࣞࢫ࡞ࣥ NOPSA ࡣࡇࡢྡ⛠ኚ᭦ᚋࠊ᥀๐ࣜࢢࡢᡤ᭷ ࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐃⥆ᛶࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Gard ࡢ⤌ྜဨࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ ࡚ࠊྛసᴗ⪅ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ SMS ୖᡭࡃᑐᛂ ࢆࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸タ㸦࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁㸧 ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛫ࢆ⛣ື࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡢ᧯ᴗ♫ᣦྡࡍࡿࡇࡶチྍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢆ NOPSA ♧ࡍࡇࡶࡰྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ⪃ ṧ㧁᧔ཤ⯪ࡢ㐠⯟♫ṧ㧁᧔ཤㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡣࠊ ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢゎỴ⟇ࡣࠊ3 ࡘࡢ Safety ṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙࠾ࡅࡿࢪࣙࣥࢺ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ Case ࡽᢤ⢋ࡋ࡚ 1 ࡘࡢ SMS ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊࣥ ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢྜពࡣࠊ ࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ࡞ࡿᩥ᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶ ᐇୖࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤ⯪࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁 ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ3 ࡘࡢ Safety Case ࡢ Safety Case ࡢ⟶⌮❆ཱྀࡀࠊࢪࣙࣥࢺ࣋ 㛫ࡢ⾪✺ࢆᅇ㑊ࡋࠊࡉࡽసᴗ⪅ࡀࡑࡢࠎ ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢳ࣮࣒࠸࠺ྠ୍ࡢ ࡛ᚑ࠺ࡁ SMS ሗ࿌ඛ㛵ࡍࡿ⌧ሙࡢΰ ⟶⌮ୗ⨨ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆពࡋ ࢆᢚṆࡍࡿࡇࡀᅗࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ୍ぢࠊ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ༢⣧࡞ゎỴ⟇ࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋ ࡋࠊ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮3 ♫ࡀྠ୍ࡢ SMS ࢆ㐠⏝⟶ Safety Case ࡢᥦฟࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢసᴗ ⌮ࡍࡿࡇࢆ NOPSA ㄆࡵࡉࡏࡓୖࠊ3 ♫ ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿ Safety Case せ௳ࡢ㐠⏝ࡢ⡆⣲ 㛫࡛ࠊࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ SMS ࡢᇶ‽ࠊἲⓗせ௳ࠊෆ ࢆᅗࡿୖ࡛ 2 ࡘ┠ࡢ㘽࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊᏳ⟶⌮ ᐜࠊ⟶⌮యไࡘ࠸࡚ྜពࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦Safety Management System: SMS㸧࡛ ᥍࠼ࡵゝࡗ࡚ࡶ┦ᙜ࡞㞴㢟࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ ࡍࠋタ࠾࠸࡚ᐇࡍࡿ SMS ࡣࠊSafety ࡶࠊᐇ⌧⮳ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ Case ࡢ୰࡛ヲ㏙ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㏻ᖖࠊ ྛタࡣࠊ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ࡢᶆ‽ࡢᏳᇶ‽ ࡇࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊNOPSA ࡶᾏὒ▼Ἔ࣭ ᐊ ࡀᫎࡉࢀࡓูಶࡢ SMS ࢆഛ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ ࢞ࢫ㈓ⶶἲࡶᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡵࠊタࡀ 3 ࡘ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ3 ࡘࡢูಶࡢ SMS ࡀ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡣࠊNOPSA Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡢつไ✺◚ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋṧ 㧁᧔ཤࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ┦ᙜ࡞ດຊࢆᡶࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ✺◚ 3 ࡘࡢタࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ༢⊂࡛సᴗ࠶ࡓࡿࡢ࡛ ཱྀࢆ㛤࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋSafety Case ࡢᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂ ࠶ࢀࡤࠊఱࡽၥ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊ࢘ ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚ࡽ᭱⤊ᢎㄆࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡲ࡛ 145 ࢚ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁᧔ཤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࡑ ᪥ࢆせࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆྲྀࡽ࡞ ࠺࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ㸦ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࡅࢀࡤ 200 ᪥௨ୖࢆせࡋࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ SMS ࢆศࡅ࡚㐠⏝࡛ࡁ ࡚ࠊSafety Case ࡢᥦฟᢎㄆࡿᮇ㛫ࡀ ࡞࠸ࡇࡀၥ㢟࡛ࡋࡓ㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ3 ࡘࡢタ ▷⦰ࡉࢀࠊ⌧ሙ࠾࠸࡚ SMS ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ㐠⏝ࡀ 㛫ࡢ᫂☜࡞༊ษࡾࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋṧ㧁᧔ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡶࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ ཤ⯪ࡣᖖタ㏻㊰ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ 㐍ᤖࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ㠃࡛ࡢຠᯝࡶᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ṧ㧁᥋⥆ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ṧ㧁ࡣἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡋࡓࠋṧ㧁᧔ཤࢳ࣮࣒ࡣࠊኪࢆၥࢃࡎࠊ ࡲࡵ 3 タࡢ㛫ࢆ⾜ࡁ᮶ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽసᴗࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ ᾏ㞴ᩆຓసᴗࡢᐇᚲせࡉࢀࡿチྍࡢᩘ ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡣࠊୡ⏺୰࡛ቑ࠼⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉ࠊἜ⏣ ࡸ࢞ࢫ⏣࡛ṧ㧁ࢆᢅ࠺ሙྜࡸࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ 3 ࡘࡢタࢆࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ ࡢࡼ࠺つไࡀཝ᱁࡞ᅜ࡛ṧ㧁ࢆᢅ࠺ሙྜ ࡿᙜ⪅ࡀࠊ␗࡞ࡿ SMS ࢆഛ࠼ࡓసᴗ⌧ሙ ࡣࠊࡇࡢഴྥࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇࡀࠊࢫ The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㠃ࠊ⟶⌮㠃ࠊၟᴗ㠃࠾࠸࡚ࠊṧ 㧁᧔ཤసᴗࡲࡍࡲࡍ㔜ࡃࡢࡋࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᚋࡑࢀࢆ㈺ൾࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸ P&I ࢡࣛࣈ⤌ྜဨࡗ࡚ࡶ㔜࠸㈇ᢸ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊP&I ࢡࣛࣈࠊࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱ ࣥࢺࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ഃࡣࠊἲⓗㄆྍࡢࡓ ࡵᚲせ࡞⌧ᅾࡢ᮲௳ࢆ⇍▱ࡋࠊᑗ᮶ࠊ᮲௳ ኚ᭦ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜࡣࡑࢀᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊᑗ ᮶つไࡀᙉࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㠃 ࢥࢫࢺ㠃ࡢࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ᭱ప㝈ᢚ࠼ࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᑗ᮶ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢⅬ༑ศᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡢண⟬ࢆィୖࡋࠊ ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࢆᢞࡌࡿ‽ഛࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡽࡇࡑࠊGard ṧ㧁᧔ཤࢳ࣮࣒ࡣࠊつไࡢᆅ㞾ཎࡶゝ࠺ ࡁ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫṧ㧁᧔ཤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࢆᡂຌ⤊࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ The WEST ATLAS wreck removal – A regulatory and statutory approvals management triumph Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ — 」㞧ᴟࡲࡿࡶᡂຌࡋࡓ ṧ㧁᧔ཤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊࡑࡢἲไᗘࡣ WEST ATLAS – The legal framework of a complex but successful wreck removal project Morten Lund Mathisen, Andreas Fjaevoll-Larsen㸦Wikborg, Rein & CO.㸧 ṧ㧁᧔ཤࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺෆᅾࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣࠊᨾࡢ≧ែṧ㧁᧔ཤ⌧ሙࡢ≧ἣࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀ ࡲࡍࠋ୍⯡Ἔ⏣࡛ࡢ᧔ཤసᴗࡣᚑ᮶ࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤసᴗẚࠊࣜࢫࢡࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᾏ ὒタഛࡸࣃࣉࣛࣥࠊᆙࡢ㏆ࡃࡶṧ㧁ࡀᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞సᴗࡣࠊṧ㧁 ᧔ཤࡢㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡼࡿᗈ⠊࡞ᕤᏛᢏ⾡ᾏୖసᴗࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊసᴗࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞ἲつ ไࡀᚲせ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ࠸࠺ࢪࣕࢵ࢟ࢵࣉᘧ᥀๐ࣜࢢࡢ᧔ཤࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀࡶࡘ」㞧ࡉࢆ♧ࡍⰋ࠸࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 2009 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 21 ᪥ᆙ࡛✺↛ࡢᄇฟࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ WRECKHIREࠊWRECKSTAGEࠊ ࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡣࢳ࣮ࣔࣝᾏࡢࣔࣥ WRECKFIXED ࠸࠺ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ᭩ᘧࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ ࢱࣛἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢࡍࡄ㏆ࡃ࠶ࡾ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋP&I ࢡࣛࣈࡣ㏻ᖖࠊࢡࣛࣈࡢ‽ഛ㔠 ࡲࡋࡓࠋ2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࠊᄇฟࢆṆࡵࡿࡃ ᑐࡋ࡚ぢ✚ࡶࡾࢥࢫࢺࢆ☜ᐃࡉࡏࡓ࠸ࡀࡓ ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡀ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡿ୰ࠊࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ ࡵࠊ୍ᣓᡶ࠸ࡢዎ⣙㸦WRECKSTAGE ࡲࡓ ࣜࢢࡀ⅖ୖࡋጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ᭱⤊ⓗࡣᄇฟ ࡣ WRECKFIXED㸧ࢆዲࡳࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ ࢆṆࡵࡿࡇᡂຌࡋࠊⅆ⅏ࡣ 3 ᪥ᚋ㙠ⅆ ࡚ࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠊ᪥⤥࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ሗ㓘ࢆ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࡢᄇฟࡼࡗ࡚ࢳ࣮ࣔࣝᾏ ཷࡅࡿࡇࢆᮃࡳࠊ㏻ᖖࠊWRECKHIRE ࢆ 㔞ࡢ▼Ἔࡀὶฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺ ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࢆᕼᮃࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣛࢫࡣ⃭ࡋࡃᦆയࡋࠊ࢝ࣥࢳࣞࣂ࣮ࡢࢻࣜࣝ ࣇࣟࡀἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡲ࡛㐩ࡋ࡚᥋ ᅇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊBIMCO ᭩ᘧࡣ᭱ึ ゐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ ࡢࡓࡓࡁྎࡋ࡚ࡣᙺ❧ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊἜ⏣ෆ ࡣ᥎ᐃᦆศ㢮ࡉࢀࠊṧ㧁ࡢ᧔ཤࡀᛴົ 㒊࠾ࡅࡿṧ㧁᧔ཤ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺≉Ṧ࡞≧ἣ 1 ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ ࠋ ࠊᅛ᭷ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢࢣ࣮ ࢫྜࢃࡏࡓ᭩ᘧࢆసᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ዎ⣙ࡢᙧᘧᴗ⪅ࡢ㑅ᐃ ࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㐺ษ࡞ዎ⣙ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫ⏝࠸ࡿṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙ࡀ సࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙࡛ࡣࠊᶆ‽ⓗ ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓ㝿ࠊBIMCO ࡢዎ⣙᭩ᘧࡢ 1 ࡘࢆ⏝ ࡞ WERCKHIRE ᭩ᘧ᥀๐ࡸࡑࡢࡢᾏୖᴗ ࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡛Ỵࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ᭩ ົዎ⣙ྵࡲࢀࡿ᮲㡯ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ ᘧࡣ୍⯡ࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤ㐺ࡋࡓዎ⣙ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊP&I ࢡࣛࣈࡶᾏ㞴ᩆຓ ⪅ࡶᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋBIMCO ࡣࠊ 2009 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࠊṧ㧁᧔ཤㄳ㈇ᴗົࡢೃ⿵ᴗ⪅ ᅜ㝿 P&I ࢡࣛࣈࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡸᅜ㝿ᩆຓ⪅㐃┕ ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ධᮐࢆබ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᧔ཤసᴗ 㸦International Salvage Union: ISU㸧ࢆࡣࡌࡵ ࡢ࡞ෆᐜࡣࠊసᴗ⌧ሙࡽࣜࢢࢆ᧔ཤࡍࡿ ࡍࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᴗ⏺ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ༠ຊࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡇࠊ᧔ཤࡋࡓࣜࢢࢆࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ᭥⯟ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀຍ࠼࡚ࠊసᴗ⌧ሙෆࡢ 1 䛣䛾䛾ヲ⣽䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸Gard News ᮏྕ䛾䛂䜴䜶䝇䝖䞉 䜰䝖䝷䝇 䠉 㐠䛺᥀๐䝸䜾䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹ṧ㧁᧔ཤస ᴗ䛻䛚䛡䜛ἲつไୖ䛾ㄢ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ヲ⣽䛿䚸Gard News ᮏྕ䛾䛂䜴䜶䝇䝖䞉䜰䝖䝷䝇䛾ṧ㧁᧔ཤ — つไㄆྍ䠋ἲⓗㄆ ྍྲྀᚓ䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻䛚䛡䜛೧ᴗ䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 WEST ATLAS – The legal framework of a complex but successful wreck removal project ᾏᗏ࣭ᗏᅵᩓࡋࡓ◚∦ࡸࡀࢀࡁࢆྲྀࡾ㝖 ࡁฎศࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋධᮐࡢබ♧࡛ 32 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡣࠊ⥥ᐦ࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᐇィ⏬ࢆᥦฟࡍࡿ ࡛ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࠊࡲࡓண⟬㉸㐣ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ⏕ ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋWRECKHIRE ࡛⏝࠸ ࡽࢀࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ぢ✚ࡶࡾ᪉ἲࡣࠊᚲせ᭱ప㝈 ࡑࡢᚋࠊ2010 ᖺ 3 ᭶ධᮐ᭩ࡀཷ⌮ࡉࢀࡲࡋ ࡢࡳࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿࡼ࠺㠀ᖖ༢⣧ࡉࢀࡓࡶ ࡓࠋ᭱⤊㑅⪃ṧࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᾏ㞴ᩆຓ♫ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊໟᣓⓗ࡞ሗ㓘ィ⏬ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍ ᾏୖᴗົࡢㄳ㈇♫ࡢࢪࣙࣥࢺ࣋ࣥࢳࣕ ࡿࡇࡀྜពࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢሗ㓘ィ⏬ࡣ 3 ࣮ᩘ♫࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ㸦1 ࡘ┠ࡣṧ㧁᧔ ࡘࡢࢱࣉࡢᴗࡢᑓ㛛⬟ຊ㈨※ࡀᚲせ ཤᴗົᑐࡍࡿ⣧㢠࣮࣋ࢫࡢࢥࢫࢺࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࠊ ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊண࠾ࡾࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸ 2 ࡘ┠ࡣ㏴ῶᖜᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᇶ‽ࢥࢫࢺຍ⟬ࡉ ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࢀࡿ࣐࣮ࢪࣥࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࠊ3 ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ≧ἣ ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣎ࢼࢫࡢᨭᡶ࠸㸧ࠋࡇࡢሗ㓘ィ⏬ ᭱⤊ⓗⴠᮐࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࣜࢢ᧔ཤ DP3 ⣭ࡢ ేࡏ࡚ࠊㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡣࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⯡ࡢ ࢡ࣮ࣞࣥ⯪ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᥦࡋࡓࠊ ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࡀ⩏ົࡋ࡚ㄢࡏࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ SVITZER Salvage Australasia Pty Ltd Sea Trucks Australia Pty Ltd ࡢࢪࣙࣥࢺ࣋ࣥࢳ ṧ㧁᧔ཤᴗົࡢᇶ‽ࢥࢫࢺࡣࠊ୍ᣓᡶ࠸ᅛᐃ ࣮࡛ࣕࡋࡓࠋṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙ࡣ WRECKHIRE 㢠ࠊᅛᐃ᪥⤥ࠊᴫ⟬᪥⤥ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧṧ㧁᧔ཤᴗ 1999 ᭩ᘧࢆᇶࡋ࡚ࠊ2010 ᖺ 5 ᭶⥾⤖ࡉࢀ ົࡢྛせ⣲ᑐᛂࡍࡿ❧᭰㈝⏝࠸࠺ 4 ࡘ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ᭩ᘧࡣᖜ࡞ಟṇࡀ ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᚅᶵᮇ㛫ࡸసᴗタഛࡢᨾ㞀ࠊ ຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉ሗ㓘ィ⏬㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢḞࡸㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡼࡿᴗົᒚ⾜ ࡃࡘࡢ㏣ຍ᮲㡯ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥⤥ῶ㢠ࡢࡓࡵࡢつᐃࡀタࡅࡽࢀ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊᇶ‽ࢥࢫࢺࡢぢ✚ࡾྜィ㢠 ࡽ┠ᶆ౯᱁ࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊࡇࡢ┠ᶆ౯᱁ࢆᇶ‽ ࡋ࡚࣐࣮ࢪ࣮ࣥ࣎ࢼࢫࡢᨭᡶ࠸㢠ࡀỴᐃ ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᇶ‽ࢥࢫࢺୖࡏࡋ࡚ᨭᡶࢃࢀࡿ࣐࣮ࢪࣥ ࡣࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⥲ᐇ㉁ࢥࢫࢺᛂࡌ࡚Ỵ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⥲ᐇ㉁ࢥࢫࢺࡀ ┠ᶆ౯᱁ࢆୖᅇࡗࡓሙྜࡣࠊㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ᨭᡶ Ἔ⏣ෆ㒊࠾ࡅࡿṧ㧁᧔ཤ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺≉Ṧ ࡞≧ἣࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫᅛ᭷ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫྜࢃࡏࡓ᭩ᘧ ࢆసᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ሗ㓘ィ⏬ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࢥࢫࢺࢆ ぢ✚ࡶࡿୖ࡛≉㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ ࣜࢢࡸసᴗ⌧ሙࡢ≧ែࠊᨻᗓࡢせồࡸᆅ᪉⮬ యࡼࡿつไ࡞ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞☜ᐃせ⣲ ࢆ࠸⪃៖ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞☜ᐃせ⣲ࡣࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢྛẁ㝵 WEST ATLAS – The legal framework of a complex but successful wreck removal project ࢃࢀࡿ࣐࣮ࢪࣥࡣ୍ᐃࡢẚ⋡࡛๐ࡽࢀࡿࡇ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ᨭᡶ࠺࣮࣎ࢼ ࢫࡣࠊ⥲ᐇ㉁ࢥࢫࢺࡀ┠ᶆ౯᱁ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓሙ ྜᨭᡶࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ┠ᶆ౯᱁⥲ᐇ㉁ࢥࢫࢺ ࡢᕪ㢠ᑐࡍࡿ୍ᐃࡢྜࢆ࣮࣎ࢼࢫࡋ࡚ ㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ᨭᡶ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀྜពࡉࢀࡲࡋ ࡓࠋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢዎ⣙࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࠕ ࣓࣒ࢳࠖࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀࠊ᪂ࡋࡃ Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓ WRECKHIRE ࡢᨵゞ∧㓞ఝࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࢇࡶ⯆῝࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ 2010 ᖺࡢᨵゞ∧ࡣࠊዎ⣙ᙜ⪅ࡀ┠ᶆࡍ Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࡿసᴗ᪥ࡸෆᐜࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡢ㑅ᐃࡼࡾࡶ๓ࣜࢢࡢᡤ᭷⪅Ἔ ࡼ࠺࡞᮲㡯ࢆ᪂タࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ┠ᶆࡢ᪥⛬ࡼࡾ ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࡢ㛫࡛⥾⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ᧔ཤ ๓సᴗࡀࡍࢀࡤ࣮࣎ࢼࢫࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡾࠊ ㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡣ୍㊊㐜ࢀ࡚ዎ⣙ᙜ⪅࡞ࡿ࠸ ┠ᶆࡢ᪥⛬ࢆ㐣ࡂࢀࡤ᪥⤥ࡀῶ㢠ࡉࢀࡿ࠸ ࠺ᡭἲࡀྲྀࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠺ෆᐜ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡵ ἲⓗ㈐௵㈺ൾィ⏬ ㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡀỴᐃࡋዎ⣙ࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡇࢆཷࡅ BIMCO ࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙᭩ᘧࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ ࡚ࠊ᧔ཤసᴗࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ2011 ᖺ 10 ᭶ ࠕknock for knock㸦ࣀࢵࢡ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣀࢵ ࣜࢢࡣ↓᧔ཤࡉࢀࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ᭥⯟ ࢡ㸧ࠖࡢཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ༢⣧࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡀ⤌ ᚋࠊ༷ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊἜ⏣ෆ㒊࠾ࡅ ࡿṧ㧁᧔ཤసᴗࡢᙜ⪅ࡣࣜࢢᡤ᭷⪅ㄳ㈇ ᴗ⪅ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢไᗘࡀἜ⏣ෆ㒊 ࡢసᴗ㐺ࡉ࡞࠸ࡇࡶᙜ↛࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡇ࡛ ࡍࠋసᴗ⌧ሙࡀᾏὒタഛᆙ㏆᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡚≀⌮ⓗᦆയởᰁࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ ࡀࠊᾏὒἜ⏣࡛ࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤࢆ୍ᒙ」㞧ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᾏὒᴗ⏺ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜࢫ ࢡࢆ༑ศㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵᾏὒᴗົࡢ ዎ⣙࡛ࡣࠕknock for knockࠖࡢཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ ࡼࡾᗈ⠊࡞㈐௵ไᗘࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢚࢘ࢫ ࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢṧ㧁᧔ཤዎ⣙࡛ࡣࠊᾏὒᴗົ ࡢዎ⣙᮲㡯ࡽࣄࣥࢺࢆᚓࡓࠕknock for knockࠖࡢཎ๎ࢆᇶࠊᗈ⠊࡞㈐௵ไᗘࢆ᥇⏝ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀຍ࠼࡚ࠊởᰁࣜࢫࢡᑐᛂ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢつ๎ࡶ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ」㞧࡞ࡶ ࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊ࢝ࣥࢳࣞࣂ࣮ࡢࢻࣜࣝࣇ ࣟࡀἜ⏣ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡲ࡛㐩ࡋ࡚᥋ゐ ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢඛ➃ࡽ᧔ཤ సᴗࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺≧ ἣ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫࡢᡤ᭷⪅Ἔ ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࡢ㛫࡛┦ච㈐ዎ⣙ࢆࡍࡾྜࢃ ࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢዎ⣙ࡶࠊ ࠕknock for knockࠖࡢཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᗈ⠊ᅖ ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㈐௵ไᗘࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋṧ㧁 ᧔ཤసᴗ㉳ᅉࡍࡿἲⓗ㈐௵㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢚࢘ ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢫᡤ᭷⪅ࠊἜ⏣᧯ᴗ♫ࠊṧ㧁 ᧔ཤㄳ㈇ᴗ⪅ࡢ 3 ⪅㛫࡛ởᰁ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿ≉ ⣙ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ┦ච㈐ዎ⣙ࡣࠊ WEST ATLAS – The legal framework of a complex but successful wreck removal project Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣇࣛࣥࢫἢᓊࡢ㑊㞴 ᣦᐃ Designation of ports of refuge on the French coast ࣇࣛࣥࢫᾏᇦ࡛㞴◚ࡋࡓ⯪ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ㑊㞴 ࡀ㏿ࡸỴᐃࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡀ」ᩘࡢ┴ࡲࡓࡀࡿሙྜࠊᙜヱ⯪⯧ࢆἩ ࡉࡏࡿ ࡢタࡀ⨨ࡍࡿᅵᆅࡢ┴▱ࢆ㐺᱁ ࡞┴▱ࡍࡿࠋᙜヱ┴▱ࡣࠊ㛵ಀࡍࡿ┴ ࡢ┴▱㏻▱ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋ⾜Ⅽࡍࡿࠋࠖ ྠἲ௧ࡣබᕸࡢ⩣᪥⾜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥ ࢫㄒ∧ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫᨻᗓࡢබᘧࢧࢺ 㸦www.legifrance.gouv.fr㸧࡚㜀ぴྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ 㞴◚⯪ࡢཷࡅධࢀ ᾏୖ ἲ㸦Code of Maritime Port㸧ࡢᨵṇ ᾏ㛗ᐁࡣࠊࡼࡾ㔜࡞㈐௵㞴◚⯪ࡢࡓࡵ 2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᨻᗓࡣ㞴◚⯪ࡢ㑊㞴 㑊㞴 ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࡀࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇ ࡢධ ᣄྰࢆ㜵ࡄḢᕞᣦ௧ࢆᅜෆࡢἲᚊ⤌ࡳ ࣛࣥࢫᨻᗓࡣᾏ㛗ᐁ㑊㞴 ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆⓎ⾜ ධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᣦ௧ࡣ 2009 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 23 ᪥᥇ ࡍࡿᶒ㝈࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㑊㞴 ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆጤ ᢥࡉࢀࡓ࢚ࣜ࢝➨IIIࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡢ୍㒊ࢆᙧᡂࡍ ࡡࡿࡇࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ⾜ᨻᶵ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ 1ࠋ 㛵ࡣ㑊㞴 ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿ ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆస ᡂࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺࡣබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ணᐃ 2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࡅࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫἲ௧➨ 2012-166 ࡛ࡍࠋࣜࢫࢺグ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ ࡣࡍ࡚₯ᅾⓗ ྕࡣᾏୖ ἲࢆᨵṇࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ᪂ࡓ 㑊㞴 ࡋ࡚ᣦᐃࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠸ R304-12 ᮲ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡎࢀࡢ ࡀ㑊㞴 ࡋ࡚ᣦᐃࡉࢀࡿࡣࠊᦆᐖ ࠕ ,ʊ㐼㞴⯪ࡀᩆࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡁࡣࠊᾏ ࡢ✀㢮ࠊẼ㇟ணሗ࠾ࡼࡧ✚㍕㈌≀࡞ࢆྵࡴᩘ 㛗ᐁ㸦እᅜࡢ㡿ᾏ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣᾏୖ࠾ࡅࡿᅜ ከࡃࡢせᅉࠊྛ≉᭷ࡢせᅉࡼࡗ࡚ኚ ᐙ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜࠺ᨻᗓ௦⾲⪅㸧ࡣࠊேࠎࡶࡋࡃࡣ㈈ ືࡋࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᇶ‽ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ⏘ࡢᏳࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲࡓࡣ⎔ቃ◚ቯࢆ㜵 ᭱⤊Ỵᐃᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡢࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢࡣᅔ ࡄࡓࡵࠊヱᙜ┴ࡢ▱㸦ᾏ㛗ᐁᑐࡍࡿᆅ 㞴࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡢ┴▱㸧ࡲࡓࡣ㜵⾨࣭㆙ᡄ༊ᇦࡢୖ ⣭⫋ဨ༠㆟ࡢ࠺࠼ࠊ⮬ࡽࡀᣦᐃࡍࡿ ᙜヱ ᮏ௳ࡣࠊ2002 ᖺ 11 ᭶㉳ࡁࡓࣉࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࢪྕ ⯪⯧ࢆἩࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡢࡢ࠶ࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࡢ ࡀྠ⯪⯧ࡢཷධࢀ Ỵᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⪅ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ ‴බ♫ᑐࡋᙜ ࢆᣄྰࡋ࡚௨᮶ࠊྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ ヱ⯪⯧ࢆཷධࢀࡿࡼ࠺௧ࡍࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡇࢁࠊởᰁࡢ༴㝤ᛶ⤒῭ࡢάຊᑐ II. ʊ┴▱ࡣ➨ I 㡯つᐃࡉࢀࡿỴᐃࡀ☜ᐇ ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࢆ㉳ࡉࡏࡿ㞴◚⯪ࡢཷࡅධࢀࡢᅇ ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ┴▱ࡣᚲせ࡞ሙྜᙜ 㑊ࢆᮃࡴ ‴බ♫ࡣከᩘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ⯪ ヱ⯪⯧ࡢ ‴༊ᇦࡢ⛣ືࢆチྍࡲࡓࡣ௧ࡍ 㛗༠㸦AFCAN Association Française des ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ Capitaines de Navires㸧ࡢ⌮㛗࡛࠶ࡿ Hubert Ardillon Ặࡣࠕㄡࡶࡀ㑊㞴 ࡢᚲせᛶࢆㄝࡁࡲ 1 Gard News ➨ 196 ྕ䛾グ䛂ERIKA III –The third EU maritime safety package䠄䜶䝸䜹 III—EU 䛾➨ 3 ḟᾏୖᏳᨻ ⟇䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆䠅䛃䜢ཧ↷䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 Designation of ports of refuge on the French coast ࡍࡀࠊㄡࡶ㑊㞴 ࡞ࡿࡇࢆᕼᮃࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡛ࡣᅜᐙᶒຊࡀࠗࡇࡢ⯪ࡣࡑࡇ⾜ࡃ࠘ゝ 34 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖㄡࡶᩥྃࢆゝ࠼࡞ࡃ 㞴◚⯪—ᑐฎἲ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࡼ࠸ࡇࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠖㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ 㞴◚⯪ࡀ᭱ึ㐃⤡ࡍࡿ❆ཱྀࡣᚑ᮶࠾ࡾ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ CROSS㸦Centres Régionaux Opérationnels de Surveillance et de Sauvetage㸧࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᐇົ㠃 CROSS ࡣᾏୖಖᏳᶵ㛵㸦Maritime Rescue ᅇࡢኚ᭦ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᾏ㛵ࡍࡿ⾜ᨻỴ Coordination Centre㸧ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋࠊVHF16 ࢳࣕ ᐃ㸦French Administrative Marine Dispositive㸧 ࣥࢿࣝࡲࡓࡣᦠᖏ㟁ヰ␒ྕ 1616 ࡽ㐃⤡ྍ⬟࡛ ᑐࡋ࡚ᖜ࡞ᨵၿࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᾏ㛗ᐁࡣ ࡍࠋἲ௧➨ 2012-166 ྕࡣ⯪⯧ࡢどⅬࡽࡢᡭ⥆ ࡢᶵ㛵ࡽᣄྰᶒࢆ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ㎿㏿ ࡁࡣኚ᭦ࡏࡎࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ⾜ᨻᡭ⥆ࡁࡢࡳࢆ⡆ Ỵᐃࢆୗࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡼ ␎ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡛⯪⯧ࡣㄏᑟඛ࡞ ࡾ㞴◚⯪ࡢධ ᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ⡆␎ࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡿ ࡢᣦᐃ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪩ᮇỴᐃࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ ἲ௧➨ 2012-166 ྕࡢᑟධ๓ࠊ ࡣධ ࢆᣄྰࡍ ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋCROSS ࡣࠊᾏ㛗ᐁࢆྵࡵࡓࡑ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ⯪⯧ࡀᾏ୰ỿࡴࣜࢫࢡࡀࡣࡿ ࡢࡢ㛵㐃ᶵ㛵㏻▱ࢆ⾜࠺ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㢖⦾⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡋࡓࠋ CROSS ࡣᾏ㛵ࡍࡿಖᏳᏳࠊᾏୖ┘ど࠾ࡼ ࡧᩆࠊởᰁᑐ⟇࠾ࡼࡧᏳࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᾏୖ ἲࡼࡿᾏୖ㛗ᐁࡣ➨୍┴ 㞴◚⯪ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊCROSS ࡣᾏ㛗ᐁ ▱ࡲࡓࡣ㜵⾨࣭㆙ᡄ༊ᇦࡢୖ⣭⫋ဨࡢぢゎࢆ ࡼࡿ≧ἣࡢホ౯ࢆᨭࡋࠊᾏ㛗ᐁࡀ⾜࠺࠶ࡽ ධᡭࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋྠἲࡢᮏᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࡇ ࡺࡿỴᐃࢆ⯪⯧ఏ㐩ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡢぢゎࡢࡶࡘ㔜せᛶࠊࡘࡲࡾࡇࡢぢゎࡀຓゝ ␃ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࠊࡲࡓࡣ༢࡞ࡿ᥎⸀ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ ࡲࡵ ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇ ἲ௧➨ 2012-166 ྕࡣ㑊㞴 ᣦᐃࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ⡆␎ ࡢỴᐃࡢᐇ⾜ࡣ┴▱ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊᾏ㛗ᐁࡣ㞴◚⯪ࡢཷධࢀࡼ ࡇࡢⅬࡣᐇົୖࡢ㛵ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┴▱ ࡾ㐺ࡋࡓ ࢆุᐃࡍࡿᇶ‽ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ ࡣᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓ ࡼࡗ࡚㐺ษࡘ☜ᐇࡇࡢ ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᢏ⾡ୖࡢ㞴㢟┤㠃ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶ Ỵᐃࡀᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࠊᙜヱ⯪⯧ࡢ ࡢ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᮏグࡢᇳ➹Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾏ ⛣ືࢆチྍࡲࡓࡣᣦࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊἩ 㛗ᐁࡣ᮲ᩥࢆࡢࡼ࠺ゎ㔘ࡍࡁࡘ࠸࡚ ሙᡤࢆ⏝ྍ⬟࡞≧ែࡋࠊᚲせ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡢ ࣇࣛࣥࢫᨻᗓࡽᣦ♧ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ☜ㄆࢆᚅ ⯪⯧ࢆูࡢἩ⨨⛣ࡍࡼ࠺௧ࡋࡲࡍࠋⱥ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡛⌧ᅾᢸᙜࡢ௵ ᾏᓙࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 9 ┴ࠊすὒἢᓊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ࠶ࡿ 3 ྡࡢᾏ㛗ᐁ㸦Yann Tainguy ẶࠊBruno 8 ┴ࠊࢥࣝࢩ࢝ᓥࢆྵࡴᆅ୰ᾏἢᓊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 9 Nielly Ặ࠾ࡼࡧ Jean Pierre Labonne Ặࠋ3 ྡࡶ ┴ࡢ▱ࡀ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᾏ㌷ᑗᰯࠋ www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/organisation/les- ≉ᐃࡢ ࢆᣦᐃ࡛ࡁࡿᾏ㛗ᐁࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ 3 prefectures-maritimes㸧ࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞㈐௵ࡀ ྡ࠸ࡲࡍࠋⱥᾏᓙࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿᾏ㛗ᐁ⫋ࡣࢩ ṧࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࡇࡢ 3 ྡࡢᾏ ࢙ࣝࣈ࣮ࣝࢆᮏᣐࡋࠊすὒࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿᾏ 㛗ᐁࡣ₯ᅾⓗ㔜࡞ᨻⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗᙳ㡪ࢆ 㛗ᐁ⫋ࡣࣈࣞࢫࢺࠊᆅ୰ᾏࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿᾏ㛗ᐁ ཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿ㡯ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ ‴ࡀởᰁ ⫋ࡣࢺ࣮ࣟࣥࡑࢀࡒࢀᮏᣐࢆ⨨ࡁࡲࡍࠋእ ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㠀㞴ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ㡯ࡘ࠸ ᅜࡢ㡿ᾏ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᾏୖ࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽࢆ ࡚㎿㏿ุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ⾜࠺ᨻᗓ௦⾲⪅ࡀ ࢆᣦᐃࡋࠊ ‴බ♫ᑐࡋ ࡚ධ ᶒࢆ㞴◚⯪࠼ࡿࡼ࠺௧࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ Designation of ports of refuge on the French coast Gard News 206 May/July 2012 㐪ἲရࡢ⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࡳ – ࣐ࣜࣥࢲ࣮ Illegal material on board ships – A reminder ⤌ဨࡼࡿ㐪ἲရࡢ⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࣜࢫࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡈ␃ពࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ Gard News 198 ྕᥖ㍕ࡋࡓグࠕIllegal ⤌ྜဨࡢⓙᵝ࠾ࢀ࡚ࡣࠊ㐪ἲရࡢ⯪ෆᣢࡕ material on board ships in South Africa㸦༡ࣇࣜ ㎸ࡳ㸦ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢ㞃ࡋࣇࣝࡢ࣏ࣝࣀ ࡛࢝Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ㐪ἲရࡢ⯪⯧ᣢࡕ㎸ࡳ㸧࡛ࠖࠊ⯪ ⏬ീࢆྵࡴ㸧㛵ࡍࡿ㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽࡢ㔜ᛶࠊ≉ ဨࡼࡿ㐪ἲရࡢ⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࡀ⯪ࡶࡓࡽ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࠾ࡅࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢࣁ ࡍ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡈὀព࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡼ࠺࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓ ࣮ࢻࢻࣛࣈࡢᤚ⣴ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⯪ဨࡢ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ὀពࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢ㐪ἲ⸆≀ಀࢃࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ⯪ 㐪ἲရࡢ⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ㐺ษ࡞ ࡣྛ✀ไᐃἲ㐪ࡢ࠸࡛㉳ッࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᥐ⨨ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᙜᒁ♧ࡍࡇ ⛯㛵ࡣࠊ≉⯪ࡀ⯪ဨ࠾ࡼࡧࡢ➨୕⪅ࡼ ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࢇࡢሙྜࠊ⯪ࡣࡼࡾ᭷ ࡗ࡚⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ≀ရࢆ㐺ษ᳨ᰝࡋ࡞ ࡞❧ሙ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊInternational Ship and Port Facility Security㸦ISPS: ᅜ㝿⯪⯧࠾ࡼࡧ ‴タ ಖᏳࢥ࣮ࢻ㸧ࡢ᮲㡯㐪ࡋࡓᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ 」ᩘࡢᅜ࡛ࠊ࣏ࣝࣀ⏬ീࠊ≉ඣ❺࣏ࣝࣀ⏬ീ ࢆ⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࢇࡔ⯪ဨࡀ㐊ᤕࡉࢀࠊฮ㈐௵ ࢆၥࢃࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ሙྜࠊ⯪⯧ࡀᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊISPS Code ࡢ᮲㡯 ࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆᛰࡾ㐪ἲရࡢ⯪ෆᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࢆチࡋࡓ ࡋ࡚ࠊ⯪ࡀ⨩㔠ࢆ⛉ࡏࡽࢀࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡣ ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ᭱㏆࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ⛯㛵ࡼࡿ⯪ෆᤚ⣴୰ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢࣁ࣮ ࢻࢻࣛࣈࡽඣ❺࣏ࣝࣀ⏬ീࡀぢࡘࡾࠊከ ᩘࡢ⯪ဨࡀ㐊ᤕࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺௳ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡇ ࢀࡘ࠸࡚Aus Ship P&I㸦www.ausship.com.au㸧 ࡣ㆙࿌ࢆⓎࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛㜀ぴࡋ ࡓ⏬ീࡣࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢ㞃ࡋࣇࣝෆ ಖᏑࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡀ㜀ぴࡋ ࡓ࣏ࣝࣀ⏬ീࡀᚋ࡛ᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ ၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ⛯ 㛵࡛ࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࢆ㞠ࡗ࡚㞃ࡋࣇࣝࢆᤚ⣴ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ Illegal material on board ships – A reminder 35 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࣭࢟ࣗࣛ P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ 㸫 2011/12 ᖺ Loss Prevention and P&I Member Circulars, winter 2011/12 ௨ୗࡢࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ ࢽᕞ ㈺ൾ㈨ຊ㈐௵☜ㄆ᭩㸦COFR㸧せồ P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ2011/12 ᖺ 㡯ࡢኚ᭦㸦US Pollution – California – Changes in Gard ࡀⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ Certificates of Financial Responsibility (COFRs) Requirements㸧 ࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ – ࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 14- – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 17-11ࠊ 11ࠊ2011 ᖺ 12 ᭶:㣗 ࡀᴗົᗣཬࡰࡍ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶: ⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ⯟ᾏ㸫ᣢ⥆ᛶἜࡢ㐠 ᙳ㡪㸦The impact of diet on performance and ᦙ࠾࠸࡚㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠊቑಖ㝤ᩱࡢ 50%ῶ health㸧 㢠㸦US Voyages – Carriage of Persistent Oil – Application of 50% Rebate on Voyage Premium㸧 – ࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 0112ࠊ2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶: ᾮయࡤࡽ✚㈌≀ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥ – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 18-11ࠊ ࢢ ̽ ドᣐ㞟㸦Liquid bulk cargo sampling – 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶: ไ㛵ࡍࡿ᭱᪂ሗ㸦Sanctions collecting evidence㸧 – Update㸧 P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 19-11ࠊ – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 13-11ࠊ 2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶: ᅜ㝿 P&I ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡼࡿ 2012 ಖ 2011 ᖺ 12 ᭶: ⯪ࡢᾏࢡ࣮࣒ࣞᑐࡍࡿಖ 㝤ᖺᗘಖ㝤ዎ⣙ࡢྲྀࡾỴࡵ㸦Reinsurance 㝤㛵ࢃࡿ 2009 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 23 ᪥Ḣᕞ㆟࠾ࡼ Arrangements for the 2012 Policy Year arranged ࡧ⌮ᣦ௧ 2009/20/EC 㸦Directive through the International Group of P&I Clubs㸧 2009/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the Insurance of ࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ P&I ࣓ Shipowners for Maritime Claims (“Insurance ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊࡍ࡚ www.gard.no Directive”)㸧 ࡽධᡭ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 14-11ࠊ Gard ࡢࣟࢫࣉࣜ࣋ࣥࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛࡢ 2011 ᖺ 12 ᭶: ⯪⯧ࡼࡿᾏὒởᰁࡢ㜵Ṇ⟶ 㟁Ꮚ࣓࣮ࣝࡼࡿཷࡅྲྀࡾࢆࡈᕼᮃࡢ᪉ࡣࠊ ⌮㛵ࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢつ๎ʊ᭱᪂ሗ㸦Regulations terje.paulsen@gard.no ࡲ࡛ࡈ㐃⤡ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Ships – UPDATE㸧 – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 15-11ࠊ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶: 2012 ᖺࡢつ๎ᨵṇ㸦Amendments to the Rules for 2012㸧 – P&I ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࣭ࢧ࣮࣮࢟ࣗࣛ No. 16-11ࠊ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶: ⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿἜ⃮㸫࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝ Loss Prevention and P&I Member Circulars, winter 2011/12 36 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 ேࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ Staff news Nicolas Wilmot ࡣ≉ูࢻࣂࢨ࣮௵ࡉࢀ ࡲࡋࡓࠋྠẶࡣ Gard ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮࠾ࡼࡧ 2013 ᖺࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ಖ㝤ィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃࡢ Gard ࡢ 㛵࡞ࠊ≉ᐃࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᦠࢃࡿணᐃ࡛ ࡍࠋ Toshiyuki Kawana ࡣ࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࡋ࡚ Gard (Japan)ධ♫ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋྠẶࡣᛂ⩏ሿᏛ࡛ ♫Ꮫࡢಟኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௨๓ࡣ࢝ ࢘ࣥࢺ࣭࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࡋ࡚ࣜࣥࢶⅆ⅏ᾏ ୖಖ㝤ᰴᘧ♫ົࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ Dominic Hurst ࡣᛂッࢳ࣮࣒ࡢୖ⣭ᘚㆤኈࡋ ࡚ Gard (Greece) Ltd ධ♫ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋྠẶࡣಶ ேᴗ࠾ࡼࡧ P&I ࢡࣛࣈ⫋ဨࡋ࡚ 16 ᖺࡢ ົ⤒㦂ࢆࡶࡘⱥᅜົᘚㆤኈ࡛ࡍࠋྠẶࡣ 9 ᖺ 㛫ᣐⅬࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࢠࣜࢩࣕࡢࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࠊࢫ ࢝ࣥࢪࢼࣅࠊ㤶 ࠾࠸࡚ࡶົ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ㏆ᖺࡣⱥᅜࡢἲᚊົᡤࡢ Piraeus ࢜ࣇࢫࣃ ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡋ࡚ົࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⅏ᐖ࣭⎔ቃ࣭㈈≀ಖ㝤ࢡ࣮࣒࣭ࣞࢳ࣮࣒㸦࣮ ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࣝ㸧ࡢࢩࢽ࣭ࢡ࣮࣒࣭࢚ࣞࢢࢮࢡࢸ ࣈࢆົࡵࡓ Hans–Øyvind Leikvin ࡣࠊ⥆ 21 ᖺࢆ⤒࡚ Gard ࢆ㏥⫋࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㛗ᖺࡢࡈᑾ ຊឤㅰࡍࡿඹࠊ㏥⫋ᚋࡢࡈᗣࡈከᖾ ࢆ♳ᛕ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ Staff news 36 Gard News 206 May/July 2012 እ㒊ⴭ⪅ࡼࡿ Gard News ᇳ➹ࡢࡈ༠ຊࡘ࠸࡚ Gard News contributions from external authors Gard News ࡛ࡣࠊእ㒊ࡢⓙᵝࡽࡢᐤ✏ࢆḼ㏄ ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋグࡣࠊᮍබ⾲ࡢࡶࡢ㸦࠸ࡎࢀ ࡢ፹య࡛බ⾲᳨ウ୰ࡢࡶࡢࢆྵࡴ㸧㝈ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡈᐤ✏࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ᪉ࡣࠊclaudia.storvik@gard.no. ࡲ࡛グࢆ࠾ᐤࡏࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ Gard News contributions from external authors 36 Gard News 206 May/July 2012
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