これは多摩美術大学が管理する修了生の論文および 「多摩美術大学修了論文作品集」の抜粋です。無断 転載・無断使用はいかなる場合でもこれを禁じます。 使用の際は必ず以下にご一報ください。 多摩美術大学大学院 e-mail: inn@tamabi.ac.jp ࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣬࣊ࢤࣤࡡ‵ങ㈠ᩩ࡞ 㛭ࡌࡾ⩻ᐳ ᢰᙔᩅဤ ᘋ␂ ᩅ Ꮥ⡘␊ྒ 㸯 3035 1106 ᩢᩐ ㈶ ୌ㑳 1 ┘ḗ ᗆㄕ 3 ➠ୌ❮ ‵ങష ᴏ࡛ࡐ ࡡṌྍ 5 ➠ୌ⟿ Ⓠぜࡈ ࡿࡒ‵ ങ㈠ᩩ 5 ➠⟿ ‵ങష ᴏࡡṌ ྍ 6 ➠⟿ ࢸࢴࢦ ࣤ࣬ࢪ ࢢࢴࢲ ࡡ᳠ッ 8 ➠❮ 50 ᖳ ᮆࡡ ≟Ἓ࡛ ‵ങష ᴏ 11 ➠ୌ⟿ ࣅ࣭ࢰ ࣭࣬ࣝ ࢨ࣭ ࡛ࢰࣤ ࢩ࣭ࣜ 11 ➠⟿ ࣥࣤ ࣬ࢥࢴ ࣌࣬ࢨ ࣭ࣛࢫ 12 ➠⟿ ㍧㒄⥲ ࡡⓇሔ 14 ➠❮ ㍧㒄࡛ ᙟᘟ 18 ➠ୌ⟿ ࣊ࢤ ࣤࡡណ ᅒ 18 ➠⟿ ㍧㒄࡛ ᙟᘟ 19 ➠⟿ ⤦⏤࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾ ∸ㄊᛮ 21 ➠ᄿ❮ Ⰵᙤ࡛ ㍧㒄 24 ➠ୌ⟿ ☨ฬᅒ ࡞࠽ࡄ ࡾⰅᙤ ࡛ᙟឺ 24 ➠⟿ ⫴ᬊ࡛ ᙟឺ 25 ⤎ㄵ 27 ヂ 28 ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ ⾪ 31 2 ᗆㄕ ࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣬࣊ࢤࣤࡢ 1962 ᖳ࡞⾔ࢂࡿࡒࢸࣥࢴࢺ࣬ࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭࡛ࡡࣤࢰࣥࣖ ࣭ࡡ㝷࡞ࠉ‵ങషᴏ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅᥝ࠾࠷ࡡ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹㈻ၡ࡞ࡆ࠹➽࠻ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡌࡾࡀࡓ࡛ᛦ࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢࡻࡂ࠵ࡽࡱࡌࠉࡊࡱࡎࢆࠊ⚶ࡡᥝࡂࡻ࠹⤦࡚ࡢୖ᭡ࡀࡢ࠵ࡱࡽᙲ࡞❟ ࡒ࠷ࡡ࡚ࡌࠊᐁ㝷ࡡ㈻វࡷⰅࡵ࠹ንࡊ࡙࠷ࡂࡡ࠾ࡢࡌ࡙ഃ↓࡚ࡌ࠾ࡼࡠࠊࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࠉࢪ ࢢࢴࢲࢅࡊ࡙ࡵࠉࡎ࠷ࡏ࠷ࡐࡡᚃࡡᒈ㛜ࡡኬ㞟ᢍᯗ⤄ࡲ࡞ࡊ࠾ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࡚ࡊࡒ1ࠊ ࡆࡡⓆゕࡢᚃ࡞ᗀࡂὮᕱࡌࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ࡛ࡽࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡢ⤦⏤ࡡ‵ങషᴏࢅࡎࡍ࡞ࠉ࢞ ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ࡐࡡࡱࡱᥝࡂ⏤ᐓ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛༖ࡣఎㄕࡡࡻ࠹࡞ㄊࡼࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡡ ࡆ࡛ࡢᑊㄧࢅ⾔ࡖࡒࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭⮤㌗࡞ࡵᙔ࡙ࡢࡱࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉᚃࡡᅂ࡞ࡵ࣊ࢤࣤ⮤ ࡼࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࢅ㝻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ࠷ࡂࡩࢆྫྷᏽⓏ࡞㏑࡙࠷ࡾ2ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࡆࡡ㹷ࢸ ࢴࢦࣤ㸝ࢪࢢࢴࢲ㸞ၡ㢗3㹸ࡢࠉ⾔ࡖࡒࡡ࠾⾔ࡖ࡙࠷࠾ࡖࡒࡡ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹༟⣟ฦἪ࡚∞ ࡄࡼࡿࡌࡁ࡙ࡀࡒࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ92 ᖳࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡṒᚃࠉࢱࣇࣛࣤᕰࡡࣃ࣭࣭ࣖ࣬ࣝ ࣭ࣤ࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡㄢᰕࡷࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛ࡞ᡜⶮࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࢸࢴࢦࣤ⩄ࡡᏋᅹࡢࠉࡌ࡚ ࡞ࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ♼リ㐛ཡࡡࡵࡡ࡛ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⌟ᅹࠉᠻࠍࡢࡆࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅዯ ర࡞ᤂ࠻࠹ࡾࡡ࠾ࠉࡐࡊ࡙ࡐࡿዯర࡞࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡞㛭౿ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡡ࠾ࢅ᳠ッࡌࡾṹ 㝭࡞ථࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇ✇ࡢࡆࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡡၡ㢗࠾ࡼࠉ57 ᖳ࡞ザࡿࡾࢪࢰࣜࡡን ࢅ᳠ッࡊࡒᚃ࡞ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤ཋ⌦࡛ࡐࡡຝᯕࡡ୦㟻࠾ࡼ᳠ッࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊ ㎾ᖳ࡚ࡢ࢙ࣜࣤࢪࢹ࣬ࣥࣤ࣬ࣜࣆࣤ࡞ࡻࡾふ⩽ࡡഁࡡ⤦⏤మ㥺࡞ᇱࡘࡂ◂✪᩺ ࡊ࠷モࡲ࡛ࡊ࡙Ἰ┘ࡈࡿࡒ4ࠊࡆࡡっⅤࡢ 70 ᖳ௧㜾ᗀࡱࡖࡒ࣎ࢪࢹ࣓࣬ࢱࢼࢪ࣑ࡡ㆗ㄵ࡛ ᖲ⾦ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉ⤦⏤ࢅዯర࡞ぜࡾ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹ᢀフ⌦ㄵᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾᛮ㈻ࢅᘤࡀ⤽࠷࡚࠷ࡾ5ࠊ ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ࣎ࢪࢹ࣓ࢱࢼࢪࢹࢅ⮤⛘ࡌࡾᛦᐓࠉࢩࣔࣤ࣬ࣆࣚࣤࢮ࢛࣠࣬ࣛࢰ࣭ࣜࡢࠉ షᐓ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ྡྷ࠾࠹࡛ࡀࡡࠔ᭩ิࡡᄂฝࠕࢅᢀึࡊࠉ⌟࡞Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ⤦⏤ࢅ㆗ㄵࡡ㐫 ୕࡞ᘤࡀ୕ࡅࡾࡆ࡛࡚ぜࡾࡆ࡛ࡡኣᵕᛮࢅㄵࡋࡒࠊ ࡢࡋࡴࡡἛ࡛ᏽࡈࡿࡾࡻ࠹ࡵࡡ࡛ࡢࠐ↋㛭౿࡞ࠑ ࠉࡒ࡛࠻ࡣࠉࢹ࢙࡚ࣛࡡἛࠉ ࠔ᭩ิࡡࠕ ୖ᭡ࡀࡡ࡛ࡀࡡἛࠉࡈࡼ࡞ࡢࠉⰹ⾙ᐓࡡᣚࡔᚋࡒࠔ᭩ิࡡࠕᵋࡡ࡛ࡀࡡἛ࡛ࡢࠐ↋㛭౿࡞ࠑࠉ ⨶⾙㤃࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡㅎషဗࡡἛࢅུࡄཱིࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡌ6ࠊ ࣥࣤ࣬ࣜࣆࣤࡡㄵ⩻ࡢ࢛ࣛࢰ࣭ࣜࡡࡆࡡ⩻࠻࡞Ẓ㍉Ⓩ㎾࠷ࠊ☔࠾࡞షဗࡡࡻ ࠹࡞ふ⩽࡞ᙫ㡢ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅㄵࡋࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ⚶ࡒࡔషဗ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ➠ୌࡡឺᗐ࡛ࡊ࡙㔔 さ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡐࡿࢅ㊻ࡱ࠻࡙࠽ṟࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾၡ㢗ࡢࠉふ⩽ུࡄࡾᙫ㡢ࡡష⏕ 3 ᅄ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ⤦⏤ࡐࡡࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࠔሧࡽࠕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⤦⏤ཋ⌦࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤ ࡡషဗࢅୌ᭻ࡌࡾ࡛ࡀࠉ⚶ࡒࡔࡢ⏤㟻࡞㒼⨠ࡈࡿࡒᵕࠍ⨠ࡡㄇᑙ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ㢗࡚࠵ ࡾ㌗మࡡንᐖ࡞ណㆉࢅ㞗୯ࡈࡎࡼࡿࡾࠊࡓྜྷ࡞ࠉ⤦⏤࡛ࡊ࡙ࡐࡡ᪺☔➱ࡡ㊟ࢅࡒ ࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ୦⩇ᛮࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞࣊ࢤࣤࡡណᅒࡌࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡐ ࡿዯర࡞⤄ࡲ㎲ࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅ᳠ッࡌࡾᚪさ࠵ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ 4 ➠ୌ❮ ‵ങష ᴏ࡛ࡐ ࡡṌྍ ➠ୌ⟿ Ⓠぜࡈ ࡿࡒ‵ ങ㈠ᩩ ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤ⩄ิࡴ࡙ୌ⯙࡞ප㛜ࡈࡿࡒࡡࡢ 1996 ᖳ࡞ࢩࣘࣜࢩࣖ࣬࣎ࣤࣅࢺ ࣭࣬ࢬࣤࢰ࣭࡚㛜തࡈࡿࡒᅂ㢫ᒈ࡚ࡡࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡᒈのఌࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡṒᚃ࡞㛜തࡈ ࡿࡒࡵࡖ࡛ࡵኬぞᶅᒈのఌ࡚ࠉࢸࣥࢴࢺ࣬ࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭ࡷ࣏ࢢࣜ࣬࣋ࣅࢴࢹࢅ ࡢࡋࡴࠉኣࡂࡡᢀフᐓ࣬◂✪⩽ᒈのఌ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ࡞ᐞ✇ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ࠾࡚ࠉ࣎ࣤࣅࢺ ࣭࣬ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ࡡ◂✪ဤெ㸝ࣆࣇ࣭ࣛࢪ࢙࣬ࣜࢥ࡛࢙ࣜࣥ࢘࣬ࣥࢾࣜ㸞࡞ࡻࡾࢸࢴ ࢦࣤ࡞㛭ࡌࡾㄵᩝ᥎㍍ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ7ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ㄵࡋࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࢸࢴࢦࣤࡢ 30 ᖳ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒ ิࡡࡵࡡࠉࡐࡊ࡙ࡢオࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࡵࡡࡡࠉ࠽ࡻࡐ 50 ᖳᮆ࠾ࡼ 60 ᖳิ㢄࡞࠾ ࡄ࡙ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࢸࢴࢦࣤ⩄ࢅࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡢࡌ࡚࡞ 1964 ᖳ࡞࣊ࢤࣤ⮤ࡼࡡ ┐ಞࡡୖ࡚ฝ∟ࡈࡿࡒ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ࣬ࣝࢯࢾ࡞᥎㍍ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠉᚃ⩽࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ Ṓᚃࠉ❿࡞ฝࡈࡿප࡛ࡖࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡢ⌟ᅹࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛ ᡜ᭯ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡆࡡ㈠ᩩࢅᇱ࡞ࡊࡒᒈのఌࡵ 1999 ᖳ࡞㛜࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ8ࠊ࣏ࢨ࣭ࣖ࣬ࢣ࣭ ࣜ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅᡜ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡡࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡཪெࡒࡔ㸝ヤெࢪࢷࣆࣤ࣬ ࢪ࣋ࣤࢱ࣭ࠉ⏤ᐓࡡ࣭࣎ࣜ࣬ࢱࣤࢠ࢚࡛ࣅ࣭ࢰ࣭࣬࣎ࣞࢴࢠ㸞࡚࠵ࡽࠉᙴࡼࡡࡻ࠹࣊ ࢤ࡛ࣤばࡊ࠷ཪெࡡ㛣࡚ࡢࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤᏋᅹࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢප↓ࡡ⛆ᐠ࡛ ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࠊࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭ࡡណぜ࡞ᚉ࠹ࡼࡣࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤ⛆༌ࡈࡿࡒཋ ᅄ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤ⨶⾙ᢀフ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࣈࣞࢬࢪࢅࡴࡃࡾゕㄕ࡞షဗ⩳ᘕࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ ᜅࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠉ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽࠉࡥ࡛ࡒࡦ‵ങషᴏ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤヾ ▩ࡈࡿࡾࡷྫྷࡷࠉெࡢᏰᠺࡈࡿࡒషဗࡐࡡࡵࡡ࡚ࡢࡂࠉࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤషဗ࡛ࡡ㛭౿࡞㛭ᚨ ࢅ࠾ࡿ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹࡛ゕ࠹ࡡࡓࠊ࣎ࣤࣅࢺ࣭ࡡ࢙ࣜࢥ࡛ࣥࢾࣜࡡㄵ⩻࡚ࡢࠉࡆࡡ࣊ࢤ ࣤࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅこὊࡡఎ⤣ⓏᡥἪ࡚࠵ࡾࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤ̿Ᏸᠺషဗࠕࡡ㡨ᗆࢅ㏣㌹ࡈࡎࡾ᩺ࡊ ࠷モࡲ࡚࠵ࡽࠉᠻࠍࡢࡐ࠹ࡊࡒࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅ‵ങṹ㝭࡛ࡊ࡙࡚ࡢࡂࠉࡥ࡛ࡗࡡషဗ࡛ࡊ࡙ ᤂ࠻ࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛フ౮ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉࡆࡡᘿࡢࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭ࡡ௫ᏽ࡛࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐᖲ⾦ࡊࡒ ࡵࡡ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ☔࠾࡞࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅࠔ‵ങṹ㝭ࠕ࡛న⨠ࡘࡄࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉషဗ࡛ ᘤ⏕ඔ࡛ࡡᙫ㡢㛭౿ࡡ㆗ㄵ࡞⤂ጙࡊ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ࡣ࠾ࡽ࠾ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡᘤ⏕࡞㛭ࡌࡾࠔ∸ㄊࠕ ࢅᙟᠺࡌࡾ༱㝜ᛮࢅࡵᏈࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹㛭㏻ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤ⮤㌗ࡡᛮࡷᛦ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ ヨ⣬ࢅㄇⓆࡈࡎࡾࠊᩐࠍࡡ㐋リࢅᘤࡀࡍࡖࡒ࣒࣭ࢩ⩄ࡢࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࠔࣆࢨࢪࢹࠕࡓ ࡛࠾ࠉࠔཿ⩇⩽ࠕࡓ࡛࠷࠹ࣝࢴࢷࣜࢅ࣊ࢤࣤ࡞㈖ࡽࡗࡄ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ࣊ ࢤࣤ᭩ࡵ᎒ᝇࡌࡾឺ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࠔ⚶ࡢཾࡡິࡀࡷࠉཾࡷṉࡡᙟ࡞࠷ࡗࡵᚨࢅິ࠾ࡈࡿ ࡱࡌࠊୌ⯙࡞ࠉࡐ࠹ࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡞ࡢᵕࠍᛮⓏྱࡲ࠵ࡾ࡛ゕࢂࡿࡱࡌࠉ⚶ࡡ㢄࠾ࡼ㞫 ࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࡡࡢࠉཾࡷṉࡡᐁ㝷ࡡᙟ≟࡚ࡊࡒ9ࠕ࡛࣊ࢤࣤㄊࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉᙴ࡞⾢ᦹࢅࡵࡒ ࡼࡊࡒࡵࡡࡢࠉ༈⒢㛭౿ࡡ┷࡞࠽ࡄࡾ≟ࡡ⤊⦃࡚ࡢࡂࠉཾࡡᙟ≟࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⮾ࡡ ࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡐࡿࡢ࣊ࢤࣤ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ᥝ࠷ࡒᚃࡵࠉཾࡐࡡࡵࡡዯర࡞ᙁㄢࡈࡿࡾࡡ࠾ 5 ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ၡ㢗࡞ࡈࡿࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚ࠉࡆࡡࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤ̿Ᏸᠺషဗࠕࡡ㌹࡛࠷࠹ᤂ࠻᪁ࡢỬࡊ࡙᩺ࡊ࠷っⅤ࡚ࡢ ࠷ࠊࡳࡊࢀᠻࠍ༰㇗ὬࡡⓇሔ௧㜾࡞ၡ㢗࡞ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒ⤦⏤ࡡኣࡂࡢࠉࡆ࠹ࡊࡒࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤ ̿Ᏸᠺషဗࠕ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᢤᢘࡡゕㄕ࡛ࡊ࡙⌟ࡿ࡙ࡀࡒᛮ㈻ࡡࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࠾ࡖࡒࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ༰ ㇗Ὤࡡ⏤ᐓࡒࡔ㔕አࡡකࡡຝᯕࢅࡌࡣࡷࡂᤂ࠻ࡾࡒࡴ࡞⏕࠷ࡒᡥἪࡢࠉࡷ࡙࢜ࢸ࣐ ࢫ࣑ࡡఎ⤣࡞࠽࠷࡙㍇っࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅ㌹ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡖ ࡒࠊࡐࡊ࡙ 20 ୠ⣎࡞ࡢࠉࢸࢴࢦࣤࡐࡡࡵࡡⰹ⾙షဗ࡛ࡊ࡙ࢂࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊࢨࣖࣜ ࣝࣛࢪ࣑ࡡ⏤ᐓࡒࡔ࡞ࡻࡾ࢛࣭ࢹ࣏ࢷࢪ࣑ࡡᐁ㥺ࡢࠉࡐࡡ᭩ࡒࡾࡵࡡࡓࢀ࠹10ࠊ࡚ ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤ༱ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤ̿Ᏸᠺషဗࠕࡡᐁឺ࡛ࡢୌమర࡚࠵ࡖࡒ ࡡ࠾ࠊࡆࡡၡ㢗ࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ࡞ᙔࡒࡖ࡙ࠉᠻࠍᬉṹࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕࠔࢪࢢࢴࢲࠕࠔ࢙ ࢲ࣭ࣖࢺࠕࡡ‵ങṹ㝭࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⏕ㄊࢅࡥ࡛ࡱࡍ☔ヾࡊࡒᚃ࡞ࠉරమⓏ࡞࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢸ ࢴࢦࣤ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ᳠ッࢅモࡲࡾᚪさ࠵ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡኣࡂࡡషဗ࡞ྞࡘࡄ ࡼࡿࡒࠔstudy㸝⩞ష㸞ࠕ࡛࠷࠹⏕ㄊࡏ࠷⤾ࡄࡼࡿࡒࡡ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹ၡ࡞ᐠ࡞㛭౿ ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡓ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠⟿ ‵ങష ᴏࡡṌ ྍ ‵ങṹ㝭࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡢࠉ㎾௧㜾ྫྷᏽⓏさ⣪࡛ࡊ࡙⩻៎ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ㐛ཡࢅᣲ ࡽ㏁ࡖ࡙ࡲࡿࡣࠉ࢜ࢸ࣐ࢫ࣑ࡡ⏤ᐓࡒࡔᏰᠺషဗࡡ‵ങషᴏ࡛ࡊ࡙โషࡊࡒ࢙ࢪ࢞ࢪ ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉ༰㇗Ὤࡡ⏤ᐓࡒࡔ㔕አ࡞࠽࠷࡙࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞༳ᗑ࡞⤦රࢅሧࡽࡆࢆ࡚࠷ࡂᡥ Ἢࢅ⏕ࡊࡒ࡛ࡆࢀࡱ࡚ᡘࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊአ⏲ࡡ༰㇗ࢅ⏻ࡴࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉථᛍ‵ ങࢅさࡌࡾ࢙ࢪ࢞ࢪ࡚ࡢྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡぜ᪁ᏽ╌ࡊࡒࡡࡢ࠽ࡐࡼࡂࣆࣚࣤࢪ㠁ᚃ ࡡ 19 ୠ⣎๑༖࡞ᬉཀྵࡌࡾ࢛ࣛࢩࢻࣛࢷࡡふᛍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㠁࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⋋ᚋࡈࡿࡒெࡡ⮤ ⏜ࡢࠉ᭩ิ࣏ࣞࣤ⩇ⰹ⾙ࡡ㡷ᇡ࡚ኇ㧏࡞ᐃゕࡈࡿࠉ1820 ᖳ⤂ࢂࡾ㡥࡞ࡢ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ ࢅࡢࡋࡴ≺❟ࡊࡒ⏤ᐓࡒࡔࡡ㛣࡞ࡱ࡚ᾈ㏩ࡊࠉࡐࡿࣆࣚࣤࢪⰹ⾙ࡡᝇᚠ࡛ࡱ࡚ゕࢂࡿࡾ ࡵࡡ࡛ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿ௧㜾࢛ࣛࢩࢻࣛࢷࡢࡡ㡷ᇡ࡞ᒌࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹㆗ㄵ ┊ࢆ࡞⾔ࢂࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ࠷ࢂࡹࡾࠔⰅᙤ࡛⥲ࠕࡡㄵண࡛࠷ࢂࡿࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡵ࡛ࡻࡽࡆࡡㄵணࡢࠉ㹷࣭ࣜ࣊ࣤࢪὬ㹸࡛㹷ࣈࢴࢦࣤὬ㹸࡞ฦ࠾ࡿ࡙ணࢂࡿࡒࠉ17 ୠ⣎࠾ࡼ⤾ ࡂ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ࡡᑊ❟ࢅࡵ࡛࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ11ࠊ 19 ୠ⣎ࡡ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ഁࡡᢀフᐓࡒࡔ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࡢࠉ ⰹ⾙ᡥ㡨ࡡㅎṹ㝭ࢅࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤᏰᠺష࡞ฦࡄࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉࡐࡿࢅᢀフࡡ᪺☔ᇱ‵࡛ࡊ࡙ス ᏽࡊࡒࠊ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡵࠉ࣏ࣞࣤ⩇ⰹ⾙⛘ᥥࡌࡾࢸࢴࢦࣤࡡิⓆⓏິᛮࠉ⮤Ⓠᛮࠉโష ࡡ᩺㩥ࡈࡡ㔔さᛮࢅ㍇っࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠉࡐࡿ⌦ᛮ࡛⛓ᗆࢅᣚࡖ࡙⤣โࡈࡿࡾ ࡆ࡛࡚ࠉࡻࡽ㐠ᚠⓏ࡞ࠉᏰᠺࡈࡿࡒⰹ⾙షဗ࡞ࡽ࠹ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᘿࡊࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ12ࠊ࠽ࡻࡐ 19 ୠ⣎Ⓩ⌦ᛮᴣᛍ࡞ᇱࡘࡂࡆ࠹ࡊࡒషဗ㐛⛤ࡡᤂ࠻᪁ࡢࠉᩅ⫩ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࢅᩒ࠻ࡾ୕࡚ࡵࠉ ࡱࡒᨳⓏណ⩇ࢅࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡵኬ࠷࡞ᶭ⬗ࡊࡒࠊࣜ࣬ࣆࣛࢴࣈࡡ 7 ᭮⋜ᨳ࡞ᏻ セ⨶⾙┊ࢆ࡛ࡾࡡࡵࠉࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⫴ᬊࢅࡵ࡛࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 6 ᨥ㒼Ⓩᑊ❟㍂࡛ࡊ࡙ᏽ╌ࡊࡒࡆࡡࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤ̿Ᏸᠺషဗࠕࡡ㑇ඔⓏ㡧ᑊ❟ࡢࠉ19 ୠ⣎ࡡᢀフᐓࡒࡔ࡞ኬ࠷࡞⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠉโష㐛⛤࡞࠽ࡄࡾṹ㝭࡞ࡢ⏕ㄊἪ ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉࡐࡊ࡙ᐁ㊰࡞࠽࠷࡙࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡฦ㢦ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊࢸࢴࢦࣤ⏕ㄊࡢ㐛 ཡ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ⌟ᅹ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ㘊⥀ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉཚᐠ༇ืࢅࡗࡄࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᅏ㞬࡚࠵ࡾࠉࡐ ࡡ⏕ㄊࡡㅎ≁㈻ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࠔἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࠕࢅᚃ࡞᳠ッࡌࡾᠻࠍ࡞࡛ ࡖ࡙↋㥇࡚ࡢ࠵ࡾࡱ࠷ࠊ ࣜࣁ࣭ࢹ࣑࣬࣍ࡡࠖ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡛ 19 ୠ⣎ࣆࣚࣤࢪ⤦⏤ࠗ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ࠉ⤦⏤࡞࠽ࡄࡾᑍ 㛓⏕ㄊἪࡡ᪺☔ࡈࡢࠉᙔ⨶⾙࡞࠽࠷࡙㐅ᅗ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࢰࣛࡡᑍ㛓⏕ㄊࢅࣆࣚࣤࢪ ㍲ථࡌࡾ㝷࡞ࠉ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾␏ࡖࡒྱណࡈࡿࡒࡒࡴࡓ࡛࠷࠹ࠊ ࠔ࢙ࢪ࢞ࢪࠕ 㸝esquisse㸞 ࡢࢰࣛㄊࡡ schizzo ࠾ࡼᮮ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࣥࢧ࣭ࣛࡢࡆࡡㄊࢅషဗࡡᇱᮇⓏᵋᠺࢅ⦆ࡾࡒࡴ ࡞⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡾ‵ങ⣪ᥝ࡚ࠉࠔ⏤ᐓࡡᚨ࡞ࡨ࡛ᾃ࠾ࢆࡓࡵࡡࢅ☔࠾ࡴࡾࠕࡒࡴ࡞ᡥ᪡ࡂᥝ࠾ࡿ ࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ13ࠊୌ᪁ࠔ࢙࣭࣍ࢨࣖࠕ 㸝ébauche㸞ࡢ abozza ࡞⏜ᮮࡊࠉୖሧࡽࡈ ࡿࡒ⾪㟻ࡡ୕࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒᏰᠺషဗࡡኬࡱ࠾ᵋᠺࡡࡆ࡛ࢅᣞࡌࠊ࣑࣍ࡢࡆࡆ࡞ࠔⓉࢲࣘ ࣭ࢠ࡞ࡻࡾᐁ∸ኬୖ⤦ࡡ㌹ࡵྱࡱࡿࡾ14ࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉᏰᠺషဗ࡞⮫ࡾ├๑ࡡୖ ⤦࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡾࠊࢰࣛㄊ࡚ࡢࡷࡷ⣪ᥝࢅណࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ abboza ࡞ᑊࡊࠉࠔ࢙࣭࣍ ࢨࣖࠕ࡞ࡢἔᙤࢅ๑ᥞ࡛ࡌࡾྱណ࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡊࡣࡊࡣⱝㄊ࡚ࠔࢪࢢࢴࢲࠕ࡛ゼࡈࡿࡾࠔࢠ ࣞࢴ࣭࢞ࠕ 㸝croquis㸞ࡢࠔ࢙ࢪ࢞ࢪࠕ࡛ྜྷࡋណࡓࠉࡒ࠷࡙࠷ࡡሔྙࠔ࢙ࢪ࢞ࢪࠕࡡ ๑ṹ㝭࡛ࡊ࡙ࢂࡿࡾࠊ⠾₡࡞⣪ᥝࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡࡢࠉ༟࡞ࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕ㸝dessin㸞࡛ࡣࡿࡾ ࡆ࡛ࡵ࠵ࡖࡒࠉࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕࡡࢰࣛㄊ″ disegno ࡞ࡢᵋᠺᅒ㸝design㸞࡛࠷࠹ណࢅ ᙁㄢࡌࡾྡྷࡀ࠵ࡽࠉ19 ୠ⣎ࡱ࡚ࡢࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕ࡛࠷࠹ㄊࡢ⣪ᥝࡡ࡞ࢸࢧࣤࡡฦ㔕࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾ⿿ᅒࡡណ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅ᳠ゞࡌࡾ࡞ᙔࡒࡖ࡙㔔さ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡵࡡࡢࠉḗ࡞♟ࡌࠔἔᙤࢪࢢ ࢴࢲࠕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡢࠉࡒ࠷࡙࠷ᑚࡈᙟ࡚≺❟ࡊ࡙ᥝ࠾ࡿࠉᏰᠺషဗࡡᵋᠺࡷ Ⰵᙤࢅᑙࡂᙲࢅᯕࡒࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡⅤ࡚‵ങṹ㝭࡛࠷࠹ᛮ㈻ࡵᣚࡔྙࢂࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡࠉ ࢙࣭࣍ࢨࣖᏰᠺషဗࡡᇱ♇ࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞Ẓࡾ࡛᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ᛮࢅ␏࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡱࡒࢷࢠࢪࢲࣖࡡ㟻࡚ࡵࠉἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲཉሧࡽ࡚⾪⌟ࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡞ᑊࡊࠉ࢙࣭࣍ࢨ࡚ࣖ ࡢᴗࡴ࡙ሧࡽ࡚ࠉୌ⯙࡞Ⲍ》Ⰵ⣌ୌⰅ࡚ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࠊ 㸝ἔᙤ㸞ࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡞ࡻࡾᵋ ᠺࡢࡡ㒂ฦ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵᮅᏰᠺ࡚࠵ࡾࠉࡐࡡᮇ㈻Ⓩ≁ᚡࡢࠔⰅᙤ࡛᪺ᬧ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᚋࡼ ࡿࡾຝᯕࠕ࡞࠵ࡾࠊ18 ୠ⣎ࡱ࡚ࡢࠉူᏕⓏ࡞ࢪࢢࢴࢲࡢࡌ࡙ࡡெ㛣࡞⏍ࡍࡾᮇ⬗Ⓩࡵ ࡡ࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡊࡒࡖ࡙ᮇ″Ⓩࡵࡡ࡛ࡊ࡙ᤂ࠻ࡼࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊࡒࡓࡆࡆ࡞⌦ᛮᴣᛍථࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ⏤ᐓࡒࡔࡢࡐࡆ࡞⇅៎࡛ཬ┤ࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊࠉࡻࡽ㐠ᚠⓏណ⩇࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⌦ ࢅᐁ⌟ࡌࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࣑࣍ࡢࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ㹷᭩ิࡡᄂฝ㹸ࢅណࡌࡾࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡူᏕ࡛ࠉࣜࢮ࣭ࡡࠖ࿈Ⓣࠗ࡞ᑊࡌ ࡾጶເ࡞ᖲ⾔㛭౿࠵ࡾ࡛ᣞᦤࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 7 ࡡㄙࡵใࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡀࡔࢆ࡛షဗࢅ᭡ࡀࡒ࠷࡛ࡢᛦ࠹ࠉ࠹ࡱࡂᕤࡡ┷ࡡజጶࢅᥝࡆ࠹࡛ࡢᛦࢂ࠷ࠊ ࡒࡓὑ⦆ࡈࡿࡒୌࡗࡡ⩳᱄ࢅᥝࡄࡿࡣࡻ࠷ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡢ⚶ࡡ࣭࣎ࢹ࣭ࣝࢹၡ㢗ࡡ࡚࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉᮇ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ ͐⚶ࡢࠉ⚶វࡋࡒࡱࡱࠉぜࡒࡱࡱ࡞ࠉඁ㞖ࡈࢅ࠹ࡡ࡚ࡵࡂࠉ㐪៎ࡎࡍ࡞ࠉࡌ࡙ࢅㄊࡾࡗࡵࡽࡓࠊ ࠉࠉࠉࠉ ͐᭩ิࡡ༰㇗ࡡ⾢ᦹ࡞ࡵࠉࡐࡡࠍࡡẴᣚࡔ࡞ࡵྜྷ࡞ᚉ࠷ࡼࠉ⚶ࡢ㔔ࡡណ࡚ࠉࡗࡱࡽ௲ࡡ㉫ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࡆࡖࡒ᭩ิࡡ█㛣࡛ࠉ⮤ฦࡐࡿࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾ█㛣ࡡ⮤て࡛࠷࠹ណ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉ⚶ࡡᚨࡡ≟ឺࢅᥝࡀࡒ࠷࡛ ᛦࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ͐ࡆࡡషဗࡢ͐ெ㛣ࡡᚨࡡ◂✪࡞࡛ࡖ࡙Ẓ㍉ࡡᇱ♇࡛ࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 㸝എⅤᘤ⏕⩽㸞15 ࡆࡡୌ⟿ࢅུࡄ࡙ࠉ࣑࣍ࡢࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡛ࣜࢮ࣭ࡡࠖ࿈Ⓣࠗ୦⩽⮤⏜ࡾࡵࡡ࡛ᑊᚺࡊࠉ ᪁ὑ⦆ࡈࡿࡒᏰᠺషဗࡢࠉᆵ࡞ࡢࡱࡖࡒ♣ఌ≺≁ࡡഅࡾࡻ࠹ឺᗐࠉ⏕ᚨ࠷ᠺ⇅ぜ ࡎࡾಕᏬⓏ࠷ࢅᬧ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠉ࡛ぜ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࢺ࣭ࣜࢫㄊࡾࠔࢠࣛࢨ࢘ࠕ 㸝cliché㸞࡞ᑊࡌࡾឺᗐ࡛㎾ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠻ࡻ࠹ࠊࡈࡼ࡞࣑࣍ࡢࠉࠔࢪࢢࢴࢲ̿࿈Ⓣࠕ ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ࢛ࣛࢩࢻࣜࡡふᛍࢅࠉ㔔ぞᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽࠉୌ᪁࡚ࡢࡌ࡙ࡡெ㛣࡞⏍ࡋ ࡾᇱᮇⓏࡵࡡࢅࠉࡱࡒ᪁࡚ࡢࡵࡖࡤࡼ≺❟ࡊ࡙⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ࡛ࡆࢀࡡࠍெᙔᝠࢅវ ࡋࡾࡵࡡࢅ㟚ࢂ࡞ࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹㔔ࡡណ࠽࠷࡙࢛ࣛࢩࢻ࡚ࣜ࠵ࡾࠉ࡛ࠊ ୕オࡡࡻ࠹࡞ṹ㝭ࡡ≁㈻ࢅาオࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡṹ㝭ࢅ࢟ࣛࢪࡡ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ఌ ဤ࡚࠵ࡾࣝࢿࣜࢫࡢࠉ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹࡞㡨ᗆࡄࡒࠊ‵ങṹ㝭࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉࡱࡍ⏤ᐓࡢࠔࢠࣞ ࢴ࣭࢞ࠕࡱࡒࡢࠔ࢙ࢪ࢞ࢪࠕ࠾ࡼጙࡴࠉࠔἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࠕࢅᥝ࠷࡙ᵋᠺࡊࠉࡐࡿࢅ࢞ࣔࣤࣁ ࢪ࡞⛛ࡌࠔ࢙࣭࣍ࢨࣖࠕ࡚⤂ࡌࡾࠊ࢙࣭࣍ࢨࣖࢅ⤂࠻ࡒᚃ࡞⣵㒂ࡡᥝࢅ㐅ࡴࠉ⏤ᐓࡢ Ᏸᠺ࡞࠷ࡒࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡὮࡿ࡞࠽࠷࡙⏤ᐓࡡ࢛ࣛࢩࢻࣛࢷࡢ‵ങṹ㝭࡞࠵ࡾ࡛ぜࡼ ࡿࡾࠉ᪁ࡆࡿࡼᗀ⩇ࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡢㅎⰹ⾙ࡡᇱ♇࡛ࡊ࡙ఎ㐡ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡽࠉ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡞ ࠽࠷࡙ࡢኮࡡᡧ⬗࡛ࡢぜࡈࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ࡛ࡢ࠷࠻Ᏸᠺṹ㝭ࡡషᴏ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࡐࡡࣈࣞ ࢬࢪࡢᴗࡴ࡙ᶭⓏ࡞⾔ࢂࡿࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡆࡆ࡞㱀㱊⏍ࡱࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡ ࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࡷࡢࡽ‵ങṹ㝭ࡢࠔ⏍ᠺࠕ࡞㛭ࢂࡾషࡡ㒂㢦࡞ᒌࡊࠉ18 ୠ⣎࠾ࡼࡡఎ⤣࡚࠵ࡾ ἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡ༟≺࡚ࡡ࠷࡛ࡊ࡙㔔さっࡈࡿ࡙ࡂࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠⟿ ࢸࢴࢦ ࣤ࣬ࢪ ࢢࢴࢲ ࡡ᳠ッ ࡈ࡙ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡṒᚃ࡞පࡡࡵࡡ࡛ࡖࡒࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤࡣࡿࡾࡵࡡࡢࠉࡆࡿ ࡱ࡚ぜ࡙ࡀࡒ‵ങṹ㝭ࡡ≁㈻࡞ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㛭㏻ࡊ࡙ࡂࡾࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ⌟ᅹࡱ࡚࡞ප㛜ࡈࡿ࡙ ࠷ࡾ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࡵࡡ࡛ࡈࡿࡾ㈠ᩩࡢࠉཪெ࠾ࡼ༴ࡈࡿࡒࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛ࡞ᡜⶮࡈࡿ ࡙࠷ࡾ㈠ᩩࠉࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣖࣜ࣊ࢤࣤ࠾ࡼ㆙ࡽུࡄࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭࣭ࣖࣜ࣬ ࢜ࣥ㸝࣭ࣥࣄ࢜ࣤ࣬ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ᡜⶮ㸞ࠉࡐࡊ࡙ஷࡂࡖࡒࢩ࢙ࣘࣤ࣬ࢺ࣭࣠ࢫጟォ ࡊࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢹ࢙ࣛࢅ්ᵋ⠇ࡊࡒࣃ࣭࣭࣭ࣖ࣬ࣝࣤ࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡ㈠ᩩࡡࡗ࡞ኬืࡈ ࡿࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᶭ㛭ࡢ㈠ᩩࢅᩒ⌦ࡊࠉ1999 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 2001 ᖳ࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ᒈのఌࢅ㛜࠷ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡᒈのఌ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ࡞᥎㍍ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㈠ᩩࡢཚ㐽ࡈࡿࡒࡇࡂୌ㒂ࡡࡵࡡ࡚࠵ 8 ࡾࠉ㈠ᩩࡡ≁ᚡࡢኬ➵࡚ࡗ࠾ࡳࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡ ㈠ᩩࡢ 40 Ⅴࡡࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࠉࡐࡊ࡙ࡐࡡ࿔㎰࡞࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡ┷ࡷ᩺⪲࣬㞟 ヽ࡞୕ሧࡽࡈࡿࡒ㈠ᩩ➴࡚ᵋᠺࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭࣭࡚ࣖࣜ࣬࢜ࣥࡢࠔX ࣜࣁ ࣑ࠕ࡛㢗ࡈࡿࡒ 19 ୠ⣎ࡡࢪࢢࢴࢲࣇࢴࢠ࡞ࡴࡼࡿࡒ 900 ࢅ㉰࠻ࡾ㈠ᩩ࡚ᵋᠺࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ ࠉ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ࡞᥎㍍ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡢ࡞ 35 ᯓࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡛࿔㎰ࡡ┷㈠ᩩ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ୌ᪁ࣃ࣭࣭࣭ࣖ࣬ࣝࣤ࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡ㈠ᩩࡢࢹ࢙ࣛ࡞ᩋࡊࡒ∸ဗࠉ⣤∞࠾ࡼᐓරࠉ⤦ර ࡚⭁㣏ࡊࡒළᙟࡡ㙶࠾ࡼࠉࢹ࢙ࣛࡡୌ㝭࡞ᡜⶮࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒኬ㔖ࡡ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡱ࡚࠵ࡼࡹ ࡾࡵࡡࢅྱࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࡐࡡᩐࡢ⭶ኬ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࣃ࣭࣭ࣖ࣬ࣝࣤ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ࠉࢹ࢙ࣛ࠾ ࡼⓆぜࡈࡿࡒ㈠ᩩࡢ 7500 Ⅴࢅ㉰࠻ࡾࡵࡡ࡚ࠉࡐࡡහᐖࡢ┷㢦࠽ࡻࡐ 1500 ᯓࠉࢸࢴࢦࣤ ࡢባ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࡵࡡࢅྱࡴ࡙ 70 Ⅴࠉ㢄㒂ࡡ⩞ష࡞⏕࠷ࡒ 35.530.5cm ࡡᑚࡈࣆ࢚࣭࣏ ࢴࢹࡡ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ 60 ᯓࠉ◒ቪࡈࡿࡒ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࠽ࡻࡐ 100 ᯓࠉࡐࡡࣚࢪࢹ࣭ࣝࢨࣘ ࣤࠉᮇࠉ࢜ࢰࣞࢡࠉ㞟ヽࠉ᩺⪲ࠉ⤦රࡡ㢞ᩩࠉࡐࡊ࡙ᙴࡡᥝࡀṟࡊࡡ᭩ᚃࡡ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ Ⓠぜࡈࡿࡒ㈠ᩩࡡ࠹ࡔࠉᠻࠍࡡ㛭ᚨࡢࡥ࡛ࡱࡍࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅ୯ᚨ࡛ࡊࡒࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕ࡛ᛦ ࢂࡿࡾ㈠ᩩమ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࢅࣃ࣭࣭ࣖ࣬ࣝࣤࡡᏕⰹဤ࣏࣭ࣜ࢝ࣛࢰ࣬࢜࣎ࢴࢠࡢ㸝㸦㸞 ⣤࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࢸࢴࢦࣤࠉ㸝㸧㸞┷ࡷ࢜ࢰࣞࢡࠉ㞟ヽࠉ᭡⡘࠾ࡼ◒ࡼࡿࡒ࣒࣭ࢩࢅ፳࡛ ࡌࡾ୕ሧࡽࡈࡿࡒࢸࢴࢦࣤࠉ࡛ࡗ࡞ฦ㢦ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ16ࠊࡡ࣭࢜ࣇ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࠉᇱᮇⓏ ࡞ࡆࡡฦ㢦ࡢ᭯ຝࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡒࡓࡊࠉ㈠ᩩࡡ㈻ࠉᙟ≟ࢅẒ㍉ࡌࡾ࡛ࠉࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭ࣖࣜ࣬ ࣭࢜ࣥࡡࠔϱࣜࣁ࣑ࠕࡢ㝷❟ࡖ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡱ࡛ࡱࡖࡒᙟ࡚ࣜࣁ࣑࡞ṟࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ࣊ࢤࣤ⮤㌗ࡡ୯࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐオᛍ◻Ⓩ㔔さᗐࢅᣚࡖࡒࠔἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࠕ࡛࠷ ࠻ࡾࡓࢀ࠹17ࠊࡆࡡ࣭࢜ࣇ࡚≁➱ࡌࡀࡡࡢࠉโష࣏࣭ࢠ࣬ࢪ࣭ࣝࢸࣤ࡞ࡻࡖ ࡙ 50 ᖳᮆ࠾ࡼ 60 ᖳิ㢄࡛న⨠ࡘࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡ㈠ ᩩࡵࡱࡒྜྷࡡโష࡚࠵ࡾ࡛᥆ᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࡵࠉࡆࡡ࡞ኣࡂࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ18ࠊ ࠔX ࣜࣁ࣑ࠕࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡞ࡢࠉ57 ࠾ࡼ 58 ᖳ࡞࠾ࡄ ࡙㞗୯Ⓩ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⩞ష࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡵࡡᩐⅤࠉࡈࡼ࡞㏳⛘ࠔࣝࢴࢺ࣬ ࣭࣎ࣈ㸝㉝࠷ᩅⓒ㸞ࠕ࡛ࡣࡿࡾ 62 ᖳࡡࠒࣤࢿࢢࣤࢷࢪ 10 ୠ࠾ࡼࡡ⩞షࠓ࠘ᅒ㸦࠙ ࡛㛭㏻ࡌࡾࡵࡡୌᯓࡡ⣤ࡡ⾪࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠘ᅒ㸧࠙࠘ᅒ㸨࠙ࠊἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡢࡐࡿࡑ ࡿୌᯓࡍࡗวࡽཱིࡼࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ࡞᥎㍍ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࣭࣋ࢩࡡ㡨ᗆ࡞ᚉ ࡖ࡙ᖳࢅ≁ᏽࡌࡾᚪさࡢ࠷ࡵࡡࡡࠉ1953 ᖳࡡࠒࣃࣃࡡ⩞షࠓ࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ ࡢโష᪺☔࡚࠵ࡾ࠘ᅒ㸩࠙ ࠘ᅒ㸪࠙ ࠊࢪ࣭ࣝࢸࣤࡢ 66 ᖳࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡⓆゕ࠾ࡼࠉ ࡐࡿ‵ങషᴏ࡚ࡢࡂ්โష࡚࠵ࡾ࡛௫ᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ19ࠊ☔࠾࡞ࡆࡿࡼࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡢࠉ ࢷ࣭ࢹࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡞Ẓࡾ࡛㒼⨠࡞㛭ࡌࡾᚷྡྷࡻࡽࡵࠉ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡾࡻ࠹ ්โష࡞㢦జࡌࡾさ⣪ࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ㯦ࡷ㉝࡚⫴ᬊሧࡼࡿࠉධమࢅᢍᥩࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡡ࡚ࡀ ࡾᵋᠺࢅ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆࡿࡼἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡢࠉ‵ങషᴏ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡻࡽࡵ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞࠽࠷࡙࠵ ࡾࡻ࠹ࠔ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ᤂ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ᪁࡚ࢷ࣭ࢹᡜⶮࡌࡾࢸࢴࢦࣤࡢࡐࡡᛮ㈻␏ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ㕼➱ࡷ࣋ࣤ௧አ 9 ࡞ἔ⤦ර࡚⥲ᘤ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ࡢ࠷࠻ࠉࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭࣭ࣖࣜ࣬࢜ࣥ࡞࠵ࡾࡻ࠹ ᨥᣚమධᇡ࡞ࢂࡒࡾᵋᅒࡡ࡛ࡽ᪁ࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠷࠷ࠊࡒ࡛࠻⤦ර࡚⫴ᬊሧࡼࡿࡒ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉ ⏤㟻ධᇡ࡞ῳࡾណㆉࡢ࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࠘ᅒ㸫࠙ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉࢷ࣭ࢹࡡ㈠ᩩࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࠔ‵ ങషᴏࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙⾔ࢂࡿࡒᵋᅒࡡࡒࡴࡡࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕ࡛≁ᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊࡐࡿࢅ♟ࡌ ࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ㢦జࡌࡾమເࢅ࡛ࡖࡒᙟឺ㸝ெ∸㸞ࠉన⨠ࢅࡍࡼࡈࡿ࡙ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࡽ࠘ᅒ㸬࠙࠘ᅒ 㸭࠙ ࠉ⫴ᬊࢅን᭞ࡊࡒࡽࡊ࡙ᵋᅒࢅ᳠ゞࡊࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾᙟ㊟ࢅ࠹࠾࠷▩ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ ୦⩽ࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲโషࡈࡿࡒ࠽ࡻࡐ 50 ᖳᮆ࠾ࡼ 60 ᖳิ㢄࡞࠾ࡄ࡙࡚࠵ ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡢ࡞㏑ࡒࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤊Ṍ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡆࡡࡢ⚶⏍Ὡ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵΊࡊ ࡒ࡚࠵ࡽࠉషဗ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ➠ࡡࢰ࣭ࢼࣤࢡ࣬࣎ࣤࢹ࡛ࡊ࡙スᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ Ἰ┘ࡈࡿࡾ20ࠊපᘟࡡషဗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㌹ᥦࡢ 1959 ᖳ࿔㎰࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡢ࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐୌ⮬ࡊ ࡒណぜ࡚࠵ࡾࠉࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࢅࢩ࣑ࣘࣤ࣬ࣛ࣬ࢼࢠࢮࣤࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹࡞ᏽ⩇ࡌࡾࠊ 㸝㸦㸞 ᐨⰅ࡚ሧࡼࡿࡒࢆࡷࡽ࡛ࡊࡒⰅ㟻ᨥ㒼ࡌࡾ⏤㢴࠾ࡼࠉ⏤㟻࡞ᆍୌ࡞ᗀࡾୌⰅሧࡽࡡ ⫴ᬊ࡛ኣⰅሧࡽࡡᙟឺ࡛ࡡࢤࣤࢹࣚࢪࢹ㝷❟ࡖ࡙ࡂࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ 㸝㸧㸞⛸㢦ࡡ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡ ࢦࢫ㸝ኬ㸲198147.5cmࠉᑚ㸲35.530.5cm㸞࡞ᅖᏽࡈࡿ࡙ࡂࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ㸝㸨㸞ࢹࣛࣈࢷ ࢴࢠࢅ୯ᚨ࡛ࡊࡒ々ᩐࡡࣂࢾࣜ࡞ࡻࡾᙟᘟኣ⏕ࡈࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ㸝㸩㸞᪺☔⥲ ࡞ࡻࡾᖼరᏕⓏさ⣪ᗀࡂ⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ㸝㸪㸞‵ങషᴏ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢺ࣭ࣞࣤࢡࢅ┤ࡀࠉ ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ⮤㌗࡞Ⓠ⏍ࡌࡾࠔഃ↓㸤ࢠࢨࢸࣤࢹࠕࡡຝᯕࢅ⏕ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ࡛࠷࠹Ⅴ ᣪࡅࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ21ࠊ ௧୕Ⅴࢅᙟᘟࡡ㒂ฦ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⌦⏜࡛ࡊ࡙࠵ࡅࡒࠉ㆗ㄵࡡఴᆀ࠵ࡾ࡛ࡌࡿࡣࡐ ࡿࡢ➠ 5 ࡡ⌦⏜࡚࠵ࡾࠊἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤࡡᏋᅹࡢᙔ㸝86 ᖳ㸞ヾ▩ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠾ ࡖࡒࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࢼࢠࢮࣤࡢ‵ങషᴏࡡఎ⤣ⓏᙟᘟࡡḖⅤࢅᣪࡅࠉ࣊ࢤࣤ├࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ ࡞ᥝࡂโషㄵ⌦࡞ゕཀྵࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ22ࠊࡒࡓࠉࡆࡡぜよࢅᏰධ࡞ྫྷᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ࡚ࡀ࠷࡛⚶ࡢ ⩻࠻ࡾࠊ‵ങషᴏ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤᚪࡍࡊࡵ 60 ᖳ௧㜾࡞ࡵ㢎⦶࡞ᥝ࠾ ࡿ⤾ࡄࡒ࡛࠷࠹ᐁ☔ヾࢅࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ⌟Ⅴ࡚ࡢ࡚ࡀ࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⌟ᅹ☔ヾ࡚ࡀࡾ ἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤࡡࡌ࡙࣊ࢤࣤࡡපᘟࡡషဗ࡞ᑊᚺࡌࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࡊࠉ㏣ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࡞පᘟࡡషဗ࡞ᑊᚺࡌࡾἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤࡥ࡛ࡗࡍࡗ Ⓠぜࡈࡿࡒࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ ࡆࡡࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡṒᚃප㛜ࡈࡿࡒ㈠ᩩ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉࡐࡡ㔖࡛โష࠾ࡼ᥆ᏽࡌ ࡾ࡛ࠉ≁ᏽࡡ࡞㞗୯Ⓩ࡞โషࡈࡿࡒ࡛⩻࠻ࡾࡡጂᙔ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡓ࡛ࡌࡾࡼࡣࠉ ࡏࡆࡡ࡞㞗୯Ⓩ࡞โషࡈࡿࡒࡡ࠾ࠉࡐࡡ⌦⏜࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⏤㢴࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㌹ᥦ࡛రࡼ࠾ ࡡ㛭㏻࠵ࡾࡢࡍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࡞㏑ࡒࡻ࠹࡞ࠉࡆࡡ㌹ᥦࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ࣓ࣞࢴࢤ࣬ࢰࣤࢩ࣭ ࠷ࡈ࠾ ࣜᅹ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࣅ࣭ࢰ࣭࣬ࣝࢨ࣭࡛ࡡ ㄭ ࠷࡛ࠉᙔᆀࡡ⎌ሾ࡞ࡻࡾᙫ㡢࡛࠷࠹ெⓏ⌦⏜ ࢅྱࢆ࡚࠷ࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠉࡐࡿ࡞ຊ࠻ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤ཋ⌦࡞࠽ࡄࡾၡ㢗ࢅよỬࡌࡾ⌦ ⏜࠾ࡼ⏤㢴㌹ᥦࡊࡒ࡛ぜࡾࡡ࡚ࡄࡿࡣࠉẴࡱࡃࡿ⏤ᐓࡡᚷྡྷ࡞షဗࡡࡌ࡙ᕞྎ ࡈࡿࡾ࡛࠷࠹Ί⏍ࡋ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ௧ୖ࡚ࡢࠉ50 ᖳᮆࡡ≟Ἓࢅஹ࠻ࡼࠉἔᙤ ࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤ࡞ྱࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡾさ⣪ࢅ᳠ゞࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉዯర࡞ᚃࡡషဗ࡞ཬ᫆ ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡂࡡ࠾ࢅぜ࡙࠷ࡂࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡻ࠹ࠊ 10 ➠❮ 50 ᖳ ᮆࡡ ≟Ἓ࡛ ‵ങష ᴏ ➠ୌ⟿ ࣅ࣭ࢰ ࣭࣬ࣝ ࢨ࣭ ࡛ࢰࣤ ࢩ࣭ࣜ ࢸࣥࢴࢺ࣬ࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭㸝DS㸞㸯1950 ᖳ࡞ࠉࢰࣤࢩ࣭ࣜ࡞࠷ࡒ㡥ࡢ࠹ࡓࡖࡒࢆ࡚ࡌ࠾ࠊ ࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣬࣊ࢤࣤ㸝FB㸞 㸯⚶ࡢࡐࡆ࡚࠾ࡽࡡ㔖ࢅᥝ࠷ࡒࢆ࡚ࡌࠊ࡚ࡵධ↓࠹ࡱࡂ࠷ࡀࡱࡎࢆ ࡚ࡊࡒࠊᐁ㝷⚶࡞ࡢྙࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࡻ࠹࡚ࡌࠊࡒࡩࢆකᙁࡌࡁࡒࢆ࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ࠊ࠷ࢀ࠷ࢀሔᡜ࡚ᥝ࠷ ࡙ࡢࡲࡒࢆ࡚ࡌࡻࠊୌᗐ࣓ࣤࢷ࡚࢜ࣜࣞࡵᥝ࠷࡙ࡲࡱࡊࡒࠉࡐࡆ࡚ࡵᙁⅧᕣࡊ࡞ៈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ ࡚ࡀࡱࡎࢆ࡚ࡊࡒࠊ࠵ࡡක࡞㑟㨩ࡈࡿࡒ࡛࠷ࡖ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ࠊ23 ⏤ᐓெ㛣㛭౿ࡷ⎌ሾࡡን࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ష㢴ࢅንࡈࡎࡾ࡛࠷࠹ౚࢅࠉᠻࠍࡢᖼᗐ࡛ࡂ ぜ࡙ࡀࡒࠊࣅ࢜ࢮ࡞࠽࠷࡙࣏࣭ࣛ=ࢷ࣭ࣝࢫ࣬࣠ࣜࢷ࡛ࣜࡡ⻜᭮≺≁ࡡළᙟᵋᅒࢅ⏍ࡲฝ ࡊࡒࡆ࡛24ࡷࠉࢠ࣭ࣝࢲࣖࢼࢩ᪉⾔࡚࠷ࢂࡹࡾ㹷Ⰵᙤ⩇㹸࡞┘てࡴࡒ࡛࠷࠹࢙ࣅࢮ࣭ࢺ ࡢࠉ࣊ࢤ࣓ࣤࣞࢴࢤࡡࢰࣤࢩ࣭࡚ࣜ⤊㥺ࡊࡒฝᮮ࡛࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐභ㏳ࡊࡒࡵࡡࢅྱ ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࢰࣤࢩ࣭࡚ࣜࡡฝᮮࡡⓆ❻ࡢࠉᙔࡡᜂெࣅ࣭ࢰ࣭࣬ࣝ ࢨ࣭࡛ࡡ࡞࠵ࡾࠊࣝࢨ࣭ 55 ᖳ࡞࣓ࣞࢴࢤࡡᜂெ࡛ࢰࣤࢩ࣭ࣜཡࡖࡒᚃࠉ࣊ࢤ ࣤࡢࣝࢨ࣭ࢅ㏛ࡖ࡙ᙔᆀ࡛ྡྷ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ50 ᖳิ㢄࡞࣐࢙ࣖࣛࣜ࣬࣊ࣜࢲ࣭ࣔ᩺ࡊࡂ 㛜࠷ࡒࣁ࣭ࠉ ࠔࢤࣞࢼ࣭࣭࣑࣬ࣜࠕ࡚ฝఌࡖ࡙௧ᮮࠉᙴ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࣝࢨ࣭ࡢࡌ࡚࡞ࡂ࡙ࡢ ࡼ࠷ࡡᏋᅹ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࡻ࠹࡚ࠉࡐࡿᨶ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࣝࢨ࣭࠾ࡼᒀ࠷ࡒᡥ⣤࡞᭡ ࠾ࡿࡒపᡜࢅ㢏ࡽ࡞ࠉ༟㌗ᙔᆀ࡛᪉❟ࡖࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ25ࠊࡆࡡࣆࣛ࢜ࡡ⾜ࡢᙔࢹ ࢦࢱ࣭ࡡᴞᅧ࡛ࡊ࡙ᰜ࠻࡙࠷ࡒࠊᆀ୯ᾇࢅᣫࢆ࡚࡞న⨠ࡌࡾ༞࣓࣬ࣤࢷ࡛࢜ࣜࣞజ ࡒࡻ࠹Ẵು࡚࠵ࡽࡼࠉ᫋ᐙࡷࢨ࣭ࣘࣂࣇࠉ࢜ࢩࢿ❟ࡔ୩ࡦࠉザࡿࡾ⩽ࡢྜྷ ᛮយ⩽ࢅࡢࡋࡴࠉ㯖ⷾ୯Ẑ⩽ࠉᨲⷑ⩽ࠉ㐿⏐ࢅ┞⤾ࡊࡒᮅஷெࡷ∸᭡ࡀࠉ≚⨝⩽࡞⮫ࡾࡱ ࡚ࠉெ⛸ࡓࡄ࡚ࡂ⫃⛸ࡷ㉻ࡵኣ⛸ኣᵕ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࣝࢨ්࣭࡛㛜ࡊࡒᚃࠉᙴࡼࡢ௯ ࡚࠵ࡽࡼࡵᩐᖳࡆࡡᆀ࡞ᅹࡊࠉᝇ㎟⎌ሾࢅㅳḯࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࡆࡡᆀ࡚ࡵ⤦⏤ࢅโషࡊ⤾ࡄ࡙࠷ࡒࠉࡐࡡᩐ⃥΅ࡌࡾࡢ 58 ᖳ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ๑ᖳ㸝22 షဗ㸞࡞Ẓࡾ࡛ࠉᄿฦࡡୌ㸝6 షဗ㸞࡞ࡱ࡚ⴘࡔ㎲ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾ࠘⾪㸦࠙26ࠊ⩻ ࠻ࡼࡿࡾࡥ࡛ࡗࡡཋᅄࡢࠉ㔘㖱Ⓩၡ㢗࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡᖳ࡞࣊ࢤࣤࡢ࢟ࣔࣤࣇࣜ࡞ࡻࡾኣ㢘 ࡡㇿബࢅᢢ࠻㎲ࡲࠉࡐࡿࢅ⌦⏜࡛ࡊ࡙ྜྷᖳ 10 ᭮ 16 ࡞ࠉᡜᒌ⏤ᗧࢅࣀࢿ࣭࣭ࣥ࣬࢟ࣔ ࣭ࣚࣛ࠾ࡼ࣏࣭ࣜ࣍ࣞ࣬ࣆ࣭ࣤ࣬ࢵ࡞ን᭞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ27ࠊࡆࡡ⛛⡘ࡢᐁೇ㔘ࢅᢢ࠻࡙ ࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ຊ࠻ࠉ↱ᝎࡡ⛸࡚࠵ࡖࡒࣝࢨ࣭࡛ࡡ㛭౿ࢅ⤧ࡗࡒࡴ࡞᩷⾔ࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡛ࡵ⩻ ࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ⤎ᯕⓏ࡞ࡢࠉࡆࡡ⛛⡘࡞ࡻࡖ࡙࣊ࢤࣤࡢᅗ㝷Ⓩ▩ྞᗐࢅ⋋ᚋࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ ࡽࠉࡱࡒ࣏࣭ࣜ࣍ࣞࡡᥞ᱄࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉᙴࡢ࢟ࣛࢪᮇᅗࡡࢤ࣭࢚࣭ࣤࣜᕗࠉࢬࣤࢹ࣬ ࣥࢪ࡞࠵ࡾⰹ⾙ᮟ࡞ᩐࣧ᭮⛛ࡽపࡲࠉᖼฦ࠾ലྡྷࢅንࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࡵࠉ⢥♼Ⓩ࡞ Ꮽᏽࡊࡒ㛣ࢅ㐛ࡇࡌࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒࡻ࠹࡚࠵ࡾ28ࠊ ࡒࡓࠉࡐࡿࡼࡡࢅື᱄ࡊࡒ୕࡚࠽ࠉష㢴ዯర࡞ንࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡡ࠾ࢅぜࡾࡆ࡛ 11 ┩ࡡㄚ㢗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ58 ᖳ࡞โషࡈࡿࡒషဗࢅぜࡾ࡛ࠉ50 ᖳ࡞≁ᚡⓏᬧ࠷Ⰵ㟻ࢅ⥌ᣚࡊ ࡒࡵࡡ㸝ࠒ⤦⏤ࠓࠒ⮤⏤ാࠓ㸞࠾ࡼࠉ⫴ᬊ࡞ỀⰅࢅ㒼⨠ࡊࡒẒ㍉Ⓩ᩺ࡊ࠷ലྡྷࠒ㢄㒂 IIࠓ࠘ᅒ 9࠙ࠉࡐࡊ࡙✭㛣ࢅវࡋࡈࡎࡾළᙟࡡࢪࢵ࣭ࣜࡡහ㒂࡚ࡒࡒࡍࡳ⏠ᛮࡡషဗࠒᆓࡾ⏠ࠉ࢛ࣝ ࣤࢩࡡ⫴ᬊࠓ ࠘ᅒ 10࡛࠙ࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿ㐛ῳࢅᛦࢂࡎࡾലྡྷࡡΊᾳぜུࡄࡼࡿࡾࠊࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ 㢟ⴥ࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾലྡྷࡢⰅᙤࡡን࡚࠵ࡾࠊࠒ㢄㒂 IIࠓࡢ 56 ᖳࡡࠒᱽࠓ࠘ᅒ 11࠙ࡡ⫴ᬊ࡛ ྜྷ⣌ࡡ㟯Ⰵࢅ⏕࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠉࡆࡿࡢ 57 ᖳࡡࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࡞ೊࡖࡒ㏻షࡡ⫴ᬊ࡞⏕࠷ࡼ ࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡛ࡵ㢦జࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࠒᆓࡾ⏠ࠉ࢛ࣝࣤࢩࡡ⫴ᬊࠓ࡚ࡢ 46 ᖳ௧ᮮࢂࡿ࡙࠷࠾ࡖ ࡒ࢛ࣝࣤࢩⰅ࡚ሧࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ29ࠊ᪺ᗐࡡ㧏࠷㟯ࡷ࢛ࣝࣤࢩࡡⰅᙤࢅ⏕࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ 56 ᖳࡱ࡚ ࡡ࠽ࡻࡐ 10 ᖳࡡ㛣࡞ࡢぜࡼࡿ࠷ࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ57 ᖳ࡞㞗୯Ⓩ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ㏻ ష࡞ࡐࡡ㉫″࠵ࡾ࡛ぜࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡞ࡢኣᵕⰅᙤࡡࠔệࠕ࠵ࡽࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⏍ᾥࢅ㏳ ࡋ࡙ぜ࡙ࡵ≁␏న⨠࡞࠵ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠⟿ ࣥࣤ ࣬ࢥࢴ ࣌࣬ࢨ ࣭ࣛࢫ 57 ᖳ࡞࣊ࢤࣤࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⩞షࢅᥝࡀጙࡴࡒࡡࡢࠉᙴ௧๑࠾ࡼࡆࡡ⏤ᐓ࡞ኣ ኬࡾ⮾ࢅᢢ࠷࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛࡞ຊ࠻30ࠉ᫆⏤ࠖⅎࡡெࢥࢴ࣌㸝ཋ㢗㸯Lust for Life㸞ࠗ 56 ᖳ࡞ප㛜ࡈࡿࡒࡆ࡛ࡢࠉᙴࡡโషណḟࢅᥑࡀ❟࡙ࡾ⌦⏜࡛ࡊ࡙༎ฦ⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ31ࠊࣥࣤ࣬ ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ㏻ష㛜ጙࡈࡿࡒࡡࡢ 56 ᖳࡡࠒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⫔ാࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞ష Iࠓ࠘ᅒ 12࠙ ࠾ࡼ࡚ࠉ57 ᖳ࡞ࡢ▯࠷㛣࡞ 7 Ⅴโషࡈࡿࡒࠊ≁ᚡࢅࡌࡡࡢࠒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⫔ ാࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞ష IIࠓ࠘ᅒ 13࠙௧㜾࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾ㉝ࠉ㟯ࠉ㯜ࡡᙁⅧⰅᙤ࡛⁈よࡌࡾࡻ࠹ ெ∸ࡡࣆ࢚࣑ࣜࠉࡐࡊ࡙㊂ඔ࡞ᗀࡾὮິ∸࡛ࡵᛦࢂࡿࡾ㯦࠷ᙫࡡᏋᅹ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ᩺ࡊࡂ ᑙථࡈࡿࡒ᪺ᗐࡡ㧏࠷Ⰵᙤࡢ⥫ࡷ࢛ࣝࣤࢩࡡⰅ࡛භ࡞ᆀᖲ⥲࡛ࡊ࡙ࢂࡿࠉࡷࡷྎୖࡽ ࡞≺❟ࡊࡒᒒࢅᠺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡᒒࡢ 1969 ᖳࡡࠒ㜒∭ࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞ష No.1ࠓ ࠘ᅒ 14࠙ ࡡ㜒∭ࡡࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡞⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡒࣅࣤࢠࡡᖈ࡞ᘤࡀ⤽ࡿࡾさ⣪࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㜒∭ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫࡡᖈ ࡢࢡ࣭ࣛࣤࣁ࣭ࢡ⏕࠷ࡒࠔὰ࠷ዚ⾔ࡀ㸝shallow depth㸞 ࠕࡡຝᯕ࡛ࡊ࡙ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫฦᯊ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ32ࠉࡐࡡิᙟឺ࡚࠵ࡾࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡚ࡢዚ⾔ࡀࡻࡽࡵ࠽⣪᪡ࡂ ࡥ࠾ࡿࡒ➱ࡡ➱⮬ࡡຝᯕ࡞ງࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࣤࢺ࣭ࣛࣖ࣬ࣇࣚࢹࣤࡢࡆࡡࣛࢫ࣐࢜ࣜ ➱⮬࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡ⾪㟻ᛮࢅណㆉࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡞Ἰ┘ࡊࠉࡐࡿ 56 ᖳ࡞ࢷ࣭ࢹ࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛ ࣭࡚㛜തࡈࡿࡒ࣒ࣛ࢜㇗⾪⌟⩇ࢅ⣺ࡌࡾࠔ࣒ࣛ࢜ࡡ㎾⨶⾙ࠕᒈ㸝1 ᭮-2 ᭮㛜ത㸞 ࣞࣤࢺࣤୌమ࡞⾢ᦹࢅ࠻ࡒฝᮮ࡛㛭㏻ࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡾ33ࠊ㇗⾪⌟⩇࡛ࡡ㛭㏻ᛮࡢ௧๑ ࠾ࡼᖼᗐ࡛ࡂᣞᦤࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ34ࠊࡆࡡ㡥ࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ➱⮬ࢸ࣬ࢠ࣭ࢼࣤࢡࡡ ࠒዥࠓࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡛㢦జࡊࡒさ⣪ࢅᣚࡔࠉ├⥲࡚♟ࡈࡿࡒᖈࡢࢼ࣭࣏ࣖࣤࡡࠔࢩࢴࣈࠕࢅᶋ ࡊ࡞ࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡛࠷࠹༰㇗ࡵུࡄࡾࠉᚃ⩽ࡡౚࡢ 60 ᖳ௧㜾ࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ ⫴ᬊ࡞ࡻࡽ㎾జᛮ⌟ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠻ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡿࡢ㏻ష࡛㢗ᛮ࡞㛭㏻ࡊ࡙࣊ࢤࣤ ࡡ∸ㄊฦᯊ࡞ࡀࢂࡴ࡙㔔さっⅤࢅ࠻ࡾࡵࡡ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡡ࡚ࠉᚃ࡞⩻ᐳࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࡌࡾࠊ ࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ➱⮬ࡡᛮ㈻ࡢࠉ௧๑ࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗ࡛Ẓ࡙ࡵ᪺ 12 ࡼ࠾ንࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⏤㟻ධᇡ࡞ࢂࡒࡾཉሧࡽࡵ≁ᚡⓏ࡚ࠉࡐࡡ⿍しᛮࢅ♟ࡊࡒ ࡵࡡࡢ㐛ཡ࡞ࢂࡍ࠾ౚࡊ࠾ぜུࡄࡼࡿ࠷35ࠊ࠷ࢂࡣ༰㇗ὬⓏ࡞⣟Ⰵࢅ⏕࠷ࡒ⏤Ἢࡢࣥ ࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙ᚋࡼࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠉ19 ୠ⣎ⓏⰅᙤฦ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡆࡡ⤦⏤ ᠺࡽ❟ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤ⮾ࢅᣚࡖࡒࡵࡡࡢࠉࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⤦⏤ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾ࣏ࢲ࢙࣭࡚ࣜ࠵ࡽࠉ㢴ᬊࡐࡡࡵࡡ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ᙴ㛭ᚨࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ࡛ࢆ࠾ࡖ ࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ͐ࢥࢴ࣌ࡢ⚶࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ኬࣃ࣭࣭࡚ࣞࡌࠉ ⚶ࡐ࠹ᛦ࠹ࡡࡢࠉ ᙴࡢᐁⓏ࡚࠵ࡽࡼࠉ ≺≁ࡡᥝࡀ᪁࡚∸ࡡࣛࣛࢷ࣭ࢅぜ࡞⾪⌟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒ࠾ࡼ࡚ࡌࠊ⚶ࡢᪿࣈࣞࣥࣤࢪ ࡞࠷ࡒ㡥ࠉᙴᩐⅤࡡ㢴ᬊ⏤ࢅṟࡊࡒࢠ࣭ࣞࢅ㏳ࡖࡒࡆ࡛࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉࡐࡡධࡂẗ⏛⯃࡚ࡢࡖࡀ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࡽࢂ࠾ࡽࡱࡊࡒࠊࢥࢴ࣌ࡢ≺≁ࡡ⤦රࡡሧࡽ᪁࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉⲙࡵ⏍࠻࠷ࢠ࣭ࣞࡡᖲཋࢅ㦣ࡂ⏍ ࡀ⏍ࡀ࡛ᥝࡀࠉࣛࣛࢷ࣭ࢅᣚࡒࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒࡡ࡚ࡌࠊࡆࡡ⏍ࡀ⏍ࡀ࡛ࡊࡒវࡋࡆࡐࠉ⤦⏤ ࡞ᚪさࡵࡡ࡚ࡌࠊ⫔ാ⏤ࢅᥝࡂ㝷ࡡၡ㢗ࡢࠉ࣓ࢸࣜࡡࡘ࠾࠷ࢅࡐࡡࡱࡱఎ࠻ࡼࡿࡾࡻ࠹ᢇἪ ࢅぜࡗࡄࡼࡿࡾ࠾࠹࠾࡚ࡌࠊ 㸝୯␆㸞͐⏤ᐓࡢࠉ⾉࡛⫏ࢅ౩࠻ࡒெ㛣࡚࠵ࡾ࣓ࢸࣜⓆᩋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡵࡡࢅ࡛ࡼ࠻ࡂ࡙ࡢࡽࡱࡎࢆ36ࠊ㸝ᙁㄢᘤ⏕⩽㸞 ࣏ࢲ࢙࣭ࣜ࡞ᑊࡌࡾࡆࡡࡻ࠹㈳㈰ࡢࠉ㢴ᬊ⏤ࢅࡳࡊࢀ⫔ാ⏤࡛ࡊ࡙ᤂ࠻ࡾっⅤࡡ⾪ ࢂࡿ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⩞షࡡⅤࡢࠉࢥࢴ࣌ࡐࡡெ࡚ࡢࡂࠉᙴṄࡂ㐠ࡐ ࡡࡵࡡ࡞ྡྷ࠾ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࠒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⫔ാࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞ష IIIࠓ࠘ᅒ 15࡚࠙ ࡢࠉࢥࢴ࣌ࡢ࿄↓࡛❟ࡔᑸࡂࡊࠉ㌗మࡢ㯦ࡂሧࡽࡗࡩࡈࡿ࡙㊂ඔࡡᙫ࡛ୌమࡊ࡙ ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ᪁ᙴࡡ㊂ඔࡡ㐠ࡢࢥࢴ࣌࡞Ẓ࡙ཉࡂሧࡽ㎲ࡴࡼࡿࠉᙴࡡὮࡿฝࡒ⫏ మࢅᘤࡀ⤽ࡃࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ㩥Ⅷ㉝࡛Ⓣࡡ⤦ර࠵ࡨࡿฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞ぜࡒ࡛ࡀࠉ ᠻࠍࡢ 46 ᖳࡡࠒ⤦⏤ࠓ࠘ᅒ 16࠙ࡷ 54 ᖳࡡࠒ⫏࡛භ࡞࠵ࡾெ∸ࠓ࠘ᅒ 17࠙ࡡよమࡈࡿࡒ ∭ࡡ⫏ࢅ㉫ࡌࡾࡓࢀ࠹37ࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊࡆࡡࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࡞࠽ࡄࡾெ∸࡛㢴ᬊࡡ㛭౿ࡢࠉ60 ᖳ௧㜾ࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦ ⏤࡞࠽࠷࡙㏣㌹ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ60 ᖳ௧㜾ࡡ⤦⏤࡚ࡢࠉࢼࢠࢮࣤࡡฦᯊ࡞ࡵ࠵ࡖࡒࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ ⫴ᬊୌⰅሧࡽ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࡞ᑊࡊࠉெ∸ࡢཉሧࡽ࠾ࡗኣⰅሧࡽ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ㏣㌹ࡵࡒࡼ ࡈࡿࡒ⌦⏜ࡢ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡱࡍ࣊ࢤࣤㄊࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࡻ࠹࡞ࠉഃ↓ࡡᑙථ࡛ྜྷ ࡞ᩒࡖࡒ࣒࣭ࢩࢅషࡾ࡛࠷࠹᭻ࡲࡢࠉࡆࡡ㏻ష࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢࡐࡿᠺຉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ ࠹࡞ࡢᛦࢂࡿ࠷ࠊ᪺ࡾ࠷Ⰵᙤ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⏤㟻ධమ࡞ᙁᗐࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊࠉ㏷ᗐࡡ࠵ࡾ➱⮬࡞ ࡻࡖ࡙ഃ↓ࡡష⏕᪺☔࡞♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠉᜓណⓏ➱⮬ࡡඖ⏤㟻ࢅᨥ㒼ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡒࡴ࡞ୌᏽࡡ⛓ᗆࢅಕࡖ࡙࠷࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡΊࢅよᾐࡌࡾ⣊ཾࡢࡌ࡚࡞ࠒࣥࣤ࣬ ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⫔ാࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞ష Vࠓ࠘ᅒ 18࠙࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾࠊ⣟⢃Ⰵᙤࡢ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡᒒ࡞Ᏸධ ࡞Ჿࡲฦࡄࡼࡿࠉ௧๑ࡢΊᾳࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ㐠ࡵࡐࡡⴘࡔ╌ࡀࢅཱིࡽᡘࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡⰅᙤࡡ ฦ㒼ࡢᖼฦࢠࣞ࣠ࢯࢼࢪ࣑ࢅᛦࢂࡎࡾࠊ᪁࡚㐠⾔ࡂࢥࢴ࣌ࡢ㊂ඔ࡞࠵ࡾᙫ࡛ࡡ㏻⤾ᛮ ࢅ♟ࡊࡼࡵࠉ࠷㍧㒄ࢅᚋ࡙ᙟឺࢅ⥌ᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡⰅᙤࡷᙟឺྜྷኃࢅฦ㞫ࡌࡾ 13 ㍧㒄ࡡຝᯕࡢࠉ௧๑ࡡᬧ࠷Ⰵ㟻࡞ᮃ࡞ᾃ࠾ࡦ୕ࡾᙟឺ࡞ࡢぜࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒ࠵ࡾၡ࠷ࢅ ᥞ㉫ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ50 ᖳ୯ࡱ࡚ࡡ⤦⏤࡞ࡢࠉᙟឺࢅᏰධ࡞ཱིࡽᅑࡳࡻ࠹ណᚷࡢᕵ࡚ࠉ ᫆⏤࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾࠔ㞭㜾ࡽࠕᙟឺࢅᾈ㣏ࡊࠉ㯦ࡷࢱ࣭ࢠ࣬ࣇ࣭࡚ࣜሧࡼࡿࡒ⫴ᬊ࡛ ྜྷ㈻ࡡన⨠࡞ࡱ࡚⮫ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡢࡳࡊࢀࠉ㍧㒄⥲ࡡᶭ⬗ࢅᯕࡒࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢ࣊ ࢤࣤ≁᭯ࡡᖲ⾔ඵ㟻మ࡞ᙟషࡼࡿࡒᯗ⥲࡚࠵ࡾࠊࠔ࠵࠵࠷࠹㛏᪁ᙟࡡᯗ⥲ࢅᥝࡂࡆ࡛࡚ࠉ ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࢅᑚࡈࡂࡊࡒࡡ࡛ྜྷࡋຝᯕࢅฝࡊࡒࡡ࡚ࡌࠊࡐ࠹ࡌࡿࡣᯗࡡ୯࡞ណㆉࢅ㞗୯ ࡚ࡀࡾ࡚ࡊࡺ࠹38ࠕࠊࡆࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡⓆゕࡢࠉ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡ▬ᙟ⮤㌗ࡆࡡᯗ⥲࡛ྜྷ⩇࡚ ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᯗ⥲ࡢ⏤㟻࡞㟕ᩋࡌࡾᙟឺࢅ⏻ࡴࠉᙁㄢⅤࢅషࡽฝࡌࡥ࡛ࡗࡡ ᡥἪ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊୌ㌹ࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⩞ష࡚ࡢᙁⅧᬦⰅ⏤㟻࡞࠷࡙ࡿࡈࡒ ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉධᇡ࡞ࢂࡒࡖ࡙ᙁㄢࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊ㟕ᩋࡊࡒᙟឺࡢࢰࣤࢩ࣭ࣜࡡᙁ࠷ක ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ࠷ࡱࡷⓉࡡୖ࡞ࡈࡼࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࡖࡒࠊᙟឺࡢ㉝ࡷ㯜Ⰵ࡚♟ࡈࡿࡒ⫴ᬊ ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙᪺☔ሾ⏲ࢅ♟ࡈࡍ࡞ࡢ࠽࠾࠷ࠊࡆࡡ࡛ࡀ㍧㒄⥲ࡥ࡛ࡗࡡ㔔さᛮࢅᣚࡗࡆ ࡛࡞ࡾࠊ᪺▉࡚࠵ࡾ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍᙟ㇗ࡡ≟ឺࢅᢍᥩࡌࡾࡆ࡛ᅏ㞬ࡆࡿࡼࢥࢴ࣌ ࡡ⫔ാࡢࠉᚃࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡞ኣࡂࡡᙫ㡢ࢅṟࡊࠉ࣊ࢤ්ࣤࡦெ∸ࡡ⫏ࡡ⾪⌟࡞ ᡘࡖࡒ࡛ࡀࠉࡌ࡚࡞⋋ᚋࡈࡿࡒ᪺ࡾ࠷Ⰵᙤ࡛ࡡࢤࣤࢹࣚࢪࢹࡢࡆࡡ㍧㒄⥲ࡡຝᯕ࡞ࡻࡖ ࡙ᶭ⬗ࡌࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠⟿ ㍧㒄⥲ ࡡⓇሔ ᪺▉Ⰵᙤ࡛㍧㒄⥲ࡡⓇሔ࡞ࡻࡽࠉ⤦⏤ࡡ୯࡞ᩋࡽࡣࡴࡼࡿࡒさ⣪ࡢ࠵࠷ࡱ࠷ࡈ ᤴ㝎ࡈࡿࠉࢠࣞ࣠ࢯࢼࢪ࣑ࡡࡻ࠹࡞≺❟ࡊࡒᙟ࡚㝼ࡊ࡙⌟ࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ ⫴ᬊරమⓏᙟឺࢅ♟ࡌࡻ࠹࡞ࡾ࡛ࠉ୯ᚨⓏ㢗࡚࠵ࡾ⫔ാࡡࡻ࠹ሔᡜ࡞⨠ ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛௧๑࡞Ẓ࡙ṹ࡞㔔さ࡛ࡖ࡙ࡂࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࢷ࣭ࢹ࣬ ࣭࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࢅぜ࡙ࡲࡻ࠹ࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡࢪࢢࢴࢲࣇࢴࢠࡡ⏕⣤࡞ࡢࠉெ∸ࢅ ♟ࡌ᭜ࡊࡒ⥲ࡡ࡞ࠉᐄහࢅᛦࢂࡎࡾᖼరᏕⓏ├⥲ᙟឺࢅཱིࡽᅑࡳࡻ࠹࡞ࡊ࡙ᥝ ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙟឺ࡛ஹࡋࡽྙࢂࡍ࡞ࡐࡿࡑࡿ≺❟ࡊࡒⰅᙤࡡ㡷ᇡࡢࠉ࠵ࡼ࠾ࡋࡴ㯦ࣤ ࢠࡡ࡚࣋ࣤᘤ࠾ࡿࡒỀᖲ⥲࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ฦࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹さ⣪ࢅฝࡊࡒ⥲ࡢୌ ⯙Ⓩࢸࢴࢦࣤࡡᵕ┞ࢅ࿆ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠉ⮾࠷ࡡࡢ㉝࡛⣰࡚ᙤⰅࡈࡿ ࡒ⫴ᬊ㸝⣰ࡡ㡷ᇡࡢࢮࣆ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾ㸞࡞⨠࠾ࡿࡒெ∸ྜྷࡋᙟࢅ⥌ᣚࡊࡒࡱࡱࠉࡗ ࡡࢪࢢࢴࢲ㛣࡚న⨠ࢅን࠻࡙ᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ࠘ᅒ 7࠙ ࠘ᅒ 8࠙ࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡἔᙤࢪࢢ ࢴࢲ࡞ࡢỀᖲ࡞ 5 ࡗࡡⰅࡡ㡷ᇡ࠽ப࠷࡞㣏ࢅ㜴ࡳࡻ࠹࡞༇ฦࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠉࡆࡿࡢ ࡞ぜࡒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⩞ష࡚ᐁ㊰ࡈࡿࡒ≁ᚡ࡚࠵ࡾ39ࠊ ࠒBlue Crawling Figure No.1ࠓ ࠘ᅒ 19࡚࠙ࡢࢮࣆ࡛ெ∸୯ᚨ࡞㒼⨠ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠉ ࠒNo.2ࠓ ࠘ᅒ 20࠙࡞ࡾ࡛ࢮ ࣆࡢࡷࡷ୕᪁࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࠉெ∸ࡵྎഁ࡞ࡍࡼࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉᶋࡒࢂࡾெ∸ࡡ㒼⨠ ࡞㛭ࡌࡾࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ฦ࠾ࡾࠊࡱࡒࡡࢸࢴࢦ࡚ࣤࡢ࠹ࡗࡩࡎࡡெ∸├⥲Ⓩ ࢮࣆࠉࢤ࣭ࢻ࣭ࡡ࠵ࡾࢮࣆࠉྋᗑࡡࡻ࠹├᪁మࡡ⯑ྋ࡛ࡐࡿࡑࡿ࡞ᥝࡀฦࡄࡼ 14 ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡵࠉࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࢅࡄࡾࡵࡡࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚ࡆࡿࡼࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤షဗ࡛ᑊ↯ࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡂ࡞ࡗࡿ࡙ࠉࢪ ࢢࢴࢲࡵࡗ࡛ゕࢂࡿࡾࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡഁ㟻ࢅᚆࠍ࡞㣏ࡊ࡙࠷ࡂࡆ࡛࡞Ẵࡗࡂ ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ⥲ࡡࡲ࡚♟ࡈࡿࠉさ⣪ࢅฝࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡࢅ௫࡞ࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤࡩ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉࡆࡿࡼ࡞ ࡗ࠷࡙ࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕࡡഁ㟻ࢅᏰධ࡞ᤴ㝎ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ࡚ࡀ࠷ࡵࡡࡡࠉ࠘ᅒ 7࠙ࡷ࠘ᅒ 8࠙ࡡ ࡻ࠹ἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡵࡡ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞࠽ࡄࡾషဗ࡛Ẓ ࡙࠷࠾ࡡᕣ␏࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡓࢀ࠹㸴࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉ⤦රࡡ⿍しᛮష ဗࡡ㈻ࢅ♟ࡌࠉ࡛࠷ࡖࡒఎ⤣ⓏっⅤࢅࡵࡖ࡙ึ᩷ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠷ࡡࡢ⮤᪺ࡡࡆ࡛࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ50 ᖳ๑༖ࡡᬧ࠷Ⰵ㟻ࡡషဗ࡞ࡢࠉ⤦රࢅሧࡼࡿࡍ࡞࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡᆀࡀฝࡊࡡ ࡱࡱ࡞ࡈࡿࡒషဗኣᩐᏋᅹࡌࡾࠊ᪁࡚ 57 ᖳࡡࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ௧㜾ࡡ᪺ࡾ࠷ Ⰵᙤࢅ⋋ᚋࡊࡒṹ㝭࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ࠷ࡱࡓࡐࡡ≁ᚡࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ ౚ࠻ࡣ 58 ᖳࡡࠒࢲ ࣤࣂࣤࢩ࣭ࡡ⩞షࠓࡢࢲࣤࣂࣤࢩ࣭ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾྋࡓࡄ࡚ࡂࠉࢲࣤࣂࣤࢩ࣭ࡐࡡࡵ ࡡࡵࡱࡒⲠ࠷ሧࡽᩤࡡࡎ࠷࡚ᆀࡡ㒂ฦጶࢅぜࡎ࡙ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࠘ᅒ 21࠙ࠊࡳࡊࢀࡆࡡషဗ ࢅἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡛ࢆ࡚ࡵ࠾ࡱࢂ࠷ࠉⲠࠍࡊ࠷༳⮾ࡡ⣪ᥝ࡞㎾࠷㈻ࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅᥝࡂࡆ࡛࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ྫྷᏽⓏࡓࡖࡒࠊ☔ヾࡡ ណࢅࡆࡴ්࡙ࡦ࣊ࢤࣤࡡⓆゕࢅᘤ⏕ࡊࡻ࠹ࠊ ࡌࡾࡀࡓ࡛ᛦ࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢࡻࡂ࠵ࡽࡱࡌࠉࡊࡱࡎࢆࠊ⚶ࡡᥝࡂࡻ࠹⤦࡚ࡢୖ᭡ࡀࡢ࠵ࡱࡽᙲ࡞❟ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࡒ࠷ࡡ࡚ࡌࠊᐁ㝷ࡡ㈻វࡷⰅࡵ࠹ንࡊ࡙࠷ࡂࡡ࠾ࡢࡌ࡙ഃ↓࡚ࡌ࠾ࡼࡠࠊࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࠉࢪ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࢢࢴࢲࢅࡊ࡙ࡵࠉࡎ࠷ࡏ࠷ࡐࡡᚃࡡᒈ㛜ࡡኬ㞟ᢍᯗ⤄ࡲ࡞ࡊ࠾ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࡚ࡊࡒ40ࠊ 㸝ᙁㄢᘤ⏕⩽㸞 ࡆࡆ࡚ࡢ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡషဗ࡛Ẓ㍉ࡊ࡙ࠉࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡢ㈻វ㸝texture㸞ࡷⰅࡡን ࡡ᪁࡞㐢࠷࠵ࡽࠉ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾ࡛ࡀࡡࠔᒈ㛜ࡡኬ㞟ᢍᯗ⤄ࡲࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ ᙲⱕᖱࡄຊࢂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠉ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡞╌┘ࡌࡀࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡆࡡⓆゕࢅ⪲ࡂ㝀ࡽ࡚ࡢࠉ ࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡᏋᅹࡐࡡࡵࡡࢅධྫྷᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢࡂࠉᏰᠺషဗࡡධమࡡᵋᅒ ࢅ♟ࡌࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕ࡛࠷࠹ᛮ㈻࡞ࡐࡿ᭯ຝᛮࢅヾࡴ࡙࠷࠷ࠉ࡛࠷࠹⛤ᗐ࡞⏻ࡱࡾࡵ ࡡࡓ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚࣊ࢤࣤㄊࡾࠔ㈻វࠕࡢࠉࡐࡡࡱࡱ࣒ࢸ࣑ࡡᕣ␏࡛よ㔐 ࡊ࡙ᕣࡊᨥ࠻࠷ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࢪࢢࢴࢲࣇࢴࢠࡡ⣤࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡢషဗ ࡛ࡊ࡙ᥞ♟ࡈࡿࡾࡡ౮ೋࢅぜฝࡊ࡙࠷࠾ࡖࡒࠊ࣊ࢤࣤ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ௧አ࡚షဗࢅ โషࡊࡒࡡࡢࠉ40 ᖳࡡషဗᩐⅤ㸝1944 ᖳ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒิࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࠉࠒ☨ฬࡡୖࡡ ெ∸ࡡ⩞షࠓࡢࡆࡡ⾪ౚ࡚࠵ࡾ㸞࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾࢦࣤࢸ࣭ࣚ࣬࣍ࢺ㸝㍇ࡂྺᛮ࡞ඁࡿ ࡒᮄ㒂⦼⥌ࡡ࣭࣍ࢺ㸞࡞㝀ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࣂࢪࢷࣜࡷἔᙤࡻࡂࡋࡳᛮ㈻ࢅᣚࡖ࡙ ࠷ࡒࠉࡆࡡᨥᣚమࢅࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ⌦⏜ࡢ➠ୌ࡞Ꮽ౮࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ࿔㎰࡞ ࠷ࡒⱕᡥࡡ⏤ᐓࡒࡔࠉౚ࠻ࡣࢡ࣑ࣝ࣬ࢦࢧ࣭ࣚࣤࢺࡷࣞ࣬ࢺ࣒࣭࣬ࢪࢹࣜࡵᙔ ࡆࡡ࣭࣍ࢺࢅ⏕ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ≁࡞㐽ࡣࡿࡒᨥᣚమ࡛࠷࠹ࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠾ࡖࡒࡻ࠹࡚ ࠵ࡾ41ࠊ46 ᖳࡡࠒ⤦⏤ࠓ࡚ࡢᨥᣚమ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ᡘࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠉࡊ࠾ࡊࡆࡡషဗࡢୖሧ 15 ࡽࡈࡿࡒ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡ⾪㟻⏕ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ⌟ᅹ࡚ࡢࣂࢪࢷࣜ㞫ࡊࡷࡌ࠷≟ ឺ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࡱࡒ⣤࡞࠽ࡄࡾࢪࢢࢴࢲࡐࡡ㈻វࡓࡄ࡚ࡢࡂࠉ⪇ ᛮࡡⅤ࡚ࡵぜࡽࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡐࡿࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡḗࡡⓆゕ࡞ࡵ⌟ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ⪇ᛮ࡞ࡵ㛭౿ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ᛦ࠷ࡱࡌࠊᩐ㛣࡚ᾐ࠻࡙ࡂࡖ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹⣪ᮞ࡚࡚ࡀࡒ⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷ష ဗࡵ࠵ࡽ࠻ࡾ࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ࡄࠉషဗࡡ₧ᅹງࡢࠉࡡࡂࡼ࠷Ꮛ⤾ࡌࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ࡾ࠾࡞ࡻࡖ࡙Ửࡱࡾ㒂 ฦ࠵ࡾ࡛ᛦ࠹ࡡ࡚ࡌࠊࡐࡿ࡞ࠉゕ࠹ࡱ࡚ࡵࡂࠉషဗࡢ㛏ࡂᏋ⤾ࡌࡾኬເࡡெࠍࡡវて࡞ソ࠻ ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡌ42ࠊ ☔ヾࡌࡾࡱ࡚ࡵࡂࠉ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡢࢪࢢࢴࢲࣇࢴࢠ࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡞Ẓ࡙ ṹࡡ⪇ᛮࢅーࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞㈻វࡡさ⣪ຊࢂࡽࠉ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡ㯖ᕱࡢ࣊ࢤࣤ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙༟ ࡾᨥᣚమ௧୕ࡡ㔔さᛮࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊᙴୖሧࡽࡈࡿࡒⓉ࠷⾪㟻ࢅ㑂ࡄࠉ㯖ᆀࡡ㟻ࢅ ይࢆ࡚⏕ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ࡵࡆࡡࡆ࡛࡞㛭౿ࡊ࡙ࡂࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࢅࠔ⤦ර⣪ ࡡ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ྺࡈࡿࡾࡡ࠷࠷ࠕ࡛ㄕ᪺ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⏕Ἢࡢ 1940 ᖳᚃ༖࡞ࡱ࡚ 㐫ࡾࠉࡐࡿ௧ᮮୌ㈇ࡊ࡙ᆀࢅ⏕ࡊ⤾ࡄ࡙࠷ࡾ43ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤさịࡌࡾ⪇ᛮ࡛㈻វࢅ ྜྷ࡞ᯕࡒࡌ࡞ࡢࠉ⣤࡛࠷࠹⣪ᮞࡢ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞Ẓ࡙㐲ࡈ࠷ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡿᨶࠉ ⣤ࡡ୕࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡾ‵ങషᴏࠔᒈ㛜ࡡኬ㞟ᢍᯗ⤄ࡲࠕࢅషࡽฝࡌࡆ࡛ࡢฝᮮ࡙ࡵࠉࡐࡿ ௧୕ࡡῼࡷᐁ㥺ࢅモࡲࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠷ࠊࡗࡱࡽᏰᠺṹ㝭࡞㎾࠷ୖᥝࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠔ࢙࣭࣍ ࢨࣖࠕࡡࡻ࠹࡞ࠉࡐࡿࢅᇱ࡞ࡊ࡙Ᏸᠺ࡞ࡳࡄࡒᶭⓏషᴏࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡⓆゕࡢࠉ‵ങషᴏ࡞ࡢୌᏽࡡ㝀⏲スᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛よ㔐࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡ㈠ᩩࢅฦᯊࡊࡒ࣏ࢨ࣭ࣖ࣬ࢣ࣭ࣜࡢࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴ ࢲࢅࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛᩷ᏽࡊࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡆࡿࢅ⛆༌ࡊࡒ⌦⏜ࢅ 50 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 60 ᖳ ࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ࡡ࣓ࢱࢼࢫ࣑ࡡ₳Ὦࠉ≁࡞࣒ࣛ࢜ࡡ㇗⾪⌟⩇࡞㛭౿ࡊ࡙ࠉ ࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕ࡛ࡊ ࡙ࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡᏋᅹഃ↓ᛮࡡさ⣪ࢅጄࡅࡾࡒࡴ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ44ࠊࢣ࣭ࣜࡡ ࡆࡡぜよࡢ☔࠾࡞ḿᙔࡵࡡࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࣀࣞࣜࢺ࣭࣬ࣞࢭࣤࣁ࣭ࢡ㇗⾪⌟⩇ࡡ⤦⏤ࡡ ≁ᛮࢅࠔࢠࢹ㸝act㸞 ࠕ࡞スᏽࡊࠉ⥪⛘ࡊ࡙ࠔࢠࢨࣘࣤ࣬࣋ࣤࢷࣤࢡࠕ࡛ྞࡘࡄࡒࡻ ࠹࡞ࠉ༳⮾ᛮࡷഃ↓ᛮⰹ⾙࡞࠽࠷࡙㔔さᗐ㧏ࡱࡖࡒࡆࡡࡢࠉථᛍ⇅៎ࢅ㉫ࡈ ࡎࡾࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡᏋᅹࡢࡌ࡚࡞㘊ㄏࡡࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙ࡵᛦ㆗࡚ࡢ࠾ࡖ ࡒࡓࢀ࠹45ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࢣ࣭ࣜࡢࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡࠔ‵ങషᴏࠕࡡᏋᅹࢅన⨠ࡘࡄࡾ ࡆ࡛ࢅ᛬ࡃ࠵ࡱࡽ࡞ࠉࡐࡿࡡ⠂ᅑࡱ࡚ཀྵࡩࡡ࠾࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ⩻ᐳࢅࡴ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ50 ᖳ ࠾ࡼ 60 ᖳ࡞㔔さっࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒഃ↓ᛮ࡛ࡢࠉ‵ങషᴏࡡᑊ㇗࡚࠵ࡾᵋᠺさ⣪ࢅࡵࡖ࡙ึ ᩷ࡈࡿࡒࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊᐁឺࡢ࡛ࡵ࠾ࡂ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉഃ↓ᛮ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉ࣎ࣞࢴࢠࡡ࣎ࣛࣤࢡ ࡷࢸ࣬ࢠ࣭ࢼࣤࢡࡡⲠࠍࡊ࠷➱⮬♟ࡌࠔ⤦රࡡ⮤⏜ᶋ㐋ࠕၡ㢗࡞ࡈࡿࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࠾ ࡖࡒ࠾ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡡᏰᠺࡈࡿࡒ⤦⏤࡞࠽࠷࡙࡚ࡈ࠻ࠉୌⰅሧࡽࡡ⫴ᬊࡷ❟᪁మࡡᯗ⥲ࢅഃ ↓ࡡ⏐∸࡛ࡊ࡙㆗ㄵࡌࡾ⩽ࡢ࠷࠷࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡐࡡഃ↓ᛮၡ㢗 ࡛ࡾࡡࡢࠉࡳࡊࢀ㢗࡚࠵ࡾெ∸ࡡ⫏ࡡ⾪⌟ࠉࡗࡱࡽ⤦රࡡࠔሧࡽࠕࡡ≁ᛮ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐ 16 ࡿࡢ 50 ᖳ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵሧࡽࡡ⫴ᬊ࠾ࡼⵤⓉࡡᙟ㇗ࡆࡡࠔሧࡽࠕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⬛㏍Ⓩഁ㟻 ࢅᾃࡀᙦࡽ࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠉࡻࡽࡐࡡ≁ᛮࢅⓆᥱࡊ࡙ࡂࡾࡡࡢࠉ57 ᖳࡡࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ ࣭ࣛࢫ௧㜾ࠉᙟ㇗㍜࠾ࡊ࠷Ⰵᙤࢅࡵࡖ࡙᪺▉ጶࢅ♟ࡌ࡛ࡀ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿᨶࣥࣤ࣬ ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫࡢ 57 ᖳ࡞ࣀࢿ࣭࣭࣭࡚ࣥ࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛᒈ♟ࡈࡿࡒ࡛ࡀࠉ∸㆗ࢅ࠾ࡵࡊࡒ ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡓࡆࡡࢨ࣭ࣛࢫࡡᚃ࡞࣊ࢤࣤ├㟻ࡊࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡵࡡࡢࠉ⏤㟻࡞්ࡦ⛓ ᗆࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌࡆ࡛ࠉࡐࡊ࡙ᙟ㇗ࢅᙁⅧⰅᙤࡡୖ࡞ࡊࡗࡗࡵࠉ࠽⫏మࡡ⾪⌟࡞࠽࠷࡙ ࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡚ᚋࡼࡿࡒⰅᙤࡡ⛛ㄢష⏕ࢅࡻࡽⓆᒈࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ๑⩽ ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࢸࢴࢦࣤさịࡈࡿࠉ௧๑࠾ࡼ⏕࠷ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒᵕࠍ⯑ྋ⨠モࡈࡿࡒ࡛⩻࠻ ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ᚃ⩽࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞├ᐁ㊰ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࡖࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 17 ➠❮ ㍧㒄࡛ ᙟᘟ ➠ୌ⟿ ࣊ࢤ ࣤࡡណ ᅒ ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ✭㛣スᏽ࡛୯ᚨⓏ㢗࡚࠵ࡾᙟ㇗㸝࡞ெ∸ാ㸞ዯర࡞ᵋᠺࡈࡿࡾࡡ࠾ࠉ ࡐࡊ࡙ࡐࡡ≁㈻ࢅ㐿᠅ࡂⓆᥱࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡ࣊ࢤࣤ≁᭯ࡡࠔሧࡽࠕ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⩻ᐳࢅጙࡴࡾ ๑࡞ࠉࡐࡡ๑ᥞ࡚࠵ࡾ⤦⏤โష࡞࠽ࡄࡾ᭩⤂┘Ⓩࠉࡗࡱࡽࠔវて♼⤊࡞├ఎࢂࡾࠕࡻ࠹ ࠔࣛࣜࠕ⤦⏤ࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡡណᅒࢅࡐࡡⓆゕ࠾ࡼࡥ࡛ࡱࡍ☔ヾࡊ࡙࠽ࡆ࠹ࠊ ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࣤࢰ࣭ࣥࣖࡡ୯࡚ࠉᖏࠍࠔጶ࠾ࡒࡔࢅオ㘋ࡊࡒ࠷ࠕ࡛ㄊࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊᙴ࡞࠽ ࠷࡙ࡢࠉࠔⰹ⾙ࡢオ㘋࡚࠵ࡽࠉర࠾ࢅఎ࠻ࡾࡵࡡ 46ࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ᤂ࠻ࡼࡿࠉ୯࡚ࡵࠔ⏍ࡀ∸࡞ᑊ ࡌࡾࡆࡓࢂࡽ47ࠕࠉࡗࡱࡽ⫔ാ᭩ࡵ୯ᚨⓏన⨠ࢅ༥ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࠊࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࢅ࣊ࢤ ࣤࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹࡞ㄊࡾࠊ ⏍ࡀ∸࡞₧ࡳర࠾ࢅᥝࡀࡒ࠷࡛࠷࠹ᇮ╌࠾ࡼᥝ࠷ࡒ᪁ࠉࡍࡖ࡛ኬࡀ⥥ᘿវ࡛⮾ዢࢅᚋࡼࡿࡾ࠾ ࡼ࡚ࡌࠊࡆࢆ࡞ࡔ⚶ࡒࡔࡢ࡛࡙ࡵዃዼ❟ሔ࡞࠽࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌࠊ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡵࠉࡱࡖࡒࡂఎ⤣ࢅᣚࡒ ࠷ࡗࡡᴗ❻Ὦࡿ࠵ࡾࡡ࡚ࡌࠊࡱࡾ࡚㆑ᐳࡡㄢ᭡ࡡࡻ࠹࡞ᐁࢅࡐࡡࡱࡱオ㘋ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾெࠍ ࡛ࠉࡵࡖࡤࡼⰹ⾙ᛮࢅ㏛ཀྵࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾெࠍ࠷࡙ࠉ୦⩽ࡡ୯㛣ࢅ⾔ࡂࡵࡡᮇᙔ࡞Ꮛᅹࡊ࠷ࡡ࡚ ࡌࠊࡵ࡛ࡻࡽ⌟࡚ࡢࠉⰹ⾙ᛮࢅ㏛ịࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛⮤మ࡛࡙ࡵ㞬ࡊ࠷ࢂࡄࡡ࡚ࡌࠉ࡛࡞࠾ࡂࠉ ࡆࢆ㢴࡞ᴗ❻Ἓ⏍ࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡌࠊᐁࢅオ㘋ࡌࡾඁࡿࡒᶭ࠵ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉᐁࢅ༟࡞ ᐁ࡛ࡊ࡙ఎ࠻ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢࡂኣᵕ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜఎ࠻ࠉᵕࠍវて㡷ᇡࢅ㛜ᨲࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹᪁ྡྷࢅ✲ࡀࡗࡴ ࡾࡊ࠾࠷ࡡ࡚ࡌࠊࡐ࠹ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉᥝࡆ࠹࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࣒࣭ࢩࡡࣛࣛࢷ࣭ࡻࡽ࠷࡛ ࡆࢀ࡚ఎࢂࡽࡱࡌࠊⰹ⾙షဗ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࣛࣛࢷ࣭ࢅ⏍ࡀ⏍ࡀ࡛࡛ࡼ࠻ࠉオ㘋ࡊࠉ᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ࡢࠉ࠷ࢂ ࡣᅖᏽࡌࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡌࠊࡆ࠹ࡊ࡙ࣛࣛࢷ࣭ࢅᣚࡖࡒషဗ࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚ࡌࠊ48 ࡆࡆ࡚࣊ࢤࣤㄊࡾࠔオ㘋ࠕ࡛ࠔⰹ⾙ᛮࠕ࡞ࡢࠉර㇗⤦⏤㸝ཀྵࡦ┷㸞࡛㇗⤦⏤ ᛍ㢄࡞⨠࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙴࡢࡐࡡ୯㛣ࢅᶅ⣬ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡆࡿࡼࡗࡡ㝀⏲ࢅ✲◒ࡊࡻ࠹࡛⩻ ࠻࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉᐁࢅࠔኣᵕ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜఎ࠻ࠉᵕࠍវて㡷ᇡࢅ㛜ᨲࡌࡾ࡛࠷ ࠹᪁ྡྷࢅ✲ࡀࡗࡴࡾࠕᡥṹ㔔っࡈࡿࡒࠊ࠷ࢂࡣර㇗ᛮ࡛㇗ᛮ࡛ࢅྱࢆࡓࠉࠔᵕࠍវて 㡷ᇡࢅ㛜ᨲࡌࡾࠕࡒࡴࡡ⤦⏤ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤ᭻ࢆࡓࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࠉර ㇗࡛㇗࡛ࡵධࡂ㐢࠹➠㡧ࢅスᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡓࠉ୦⩽ࢅྫྷᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᚋࡼࡿ ࡾࡻ࠹ࠔṟఴࠕࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࡆࡡⅤ࣎ࢪࢹ࣓ࢱࣤࡡᵕ┞ࢅ࿆ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ ࠷ࢂࡿࡾᡜ௧࡚࠵ࡾ49ࠉࡊ࠾ࡊ࠽࣊ࢤࣤࡡ々㞟㒂ฦࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊG.ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࡢ ࠖវてࡡㄵ⌦ࠗ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉ༎ୠ⣎⤦⏤࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㇗ࢅࡗ࡞ฦ㢦ࡊࡒ୕࡚ࠉ࣊ࢤ࡛ࣤ ࡡᕣ␏ࢅฦᯊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊୌ᪁ࡡ㇗ࢅ P.࣓ࣤࢺࣛࣤࡡってᨥ㒼ࡌࡾࠔࢸࢩࢰࣜ ࡵࡡ㸝le digital㸞ࠕ 㸝ࡵࡊࡂࡢකᏕⓏࡵࡡ le optique㸞࡛ࡊࠉ᪁ J.࣎ࣞࢴࢠࢅౚ࡞ᣪࡅࠉ វてⓏ࡚⮤⏜ᡥࡡິࡀࢅ♟ࡌࠔᡥてⓏࡵࡡ㸝le manuel㸞ࠕ࡛スᏽࡊࡒࠊࡆࡿ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉ 18 ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࡐࡡࡔࡼࡡഁ࡚ࡵ࠷ࠉ╉࡛ᡥࡡ⥥ᘿ≟ឺࢅ⥌ᣚࡊࡗࡗ༝ྜྷࡌࡾࠔ➠ࡡ㐠ࠕ ࢅᶅ⣬ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡐࡡ≁ᚡࢅࠔりっⓏࡵࡡ㸝l’haptique㸞 ࠕ࡛スᏽࡊࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ50ࠊࢺࣜ ࣭ࢫ⏕࠷ࡾࠔりっⓏࡵࡡࠕࡢࠉ࣭ࣛࢡࣜཿ࢙ࢩࣈࢹࡡὰᾃࡀᙦࡽࡡᙟឺࡡᤂ࠻᪁ ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ฝࡊࡒ⏕ㄊࢅⰅᙤ࡞㌹⏕ࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ51ࠊࡗࡱࡽᐨⰅ࡛ᬦⰅ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⭶ᘿࠉ ⦨ࢅ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡌࡻ࠹࣭࣑࣍ࣛࣖࢅᤂ࠻ࡾりてⓏᤂ࠻᪁ࢅࠉって࡛භᏋࡈࡎࡾᡥἪࢅណ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࡱࡈࡊࡂ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࠔሧࡽࠕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ≁㈻ࢅᣞࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉᙟ㇗ࢅ⩻ᐳࡌ ࡾ࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙㔔さᣞᦤ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠉ┘ୖἸっࡈࡿࡾࡀࡢࠉࡔࡼࡡ㇗ࢅࡵ ᤴ㝎ࡊ࠷࡛ࡌࡾ࣊ࢤࣤࡡឺᗐዯర࡞ᐁ⌟ࡈࡿ࠹ࡾࡡ࠾ࠉ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࠔࢸࢩࢰ ࣜࡵࡡࠕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ഃ↓ᛮࡢᤴ㝎ࡈࡿࠉ⣟⢃࡞ࢤ࣭ࢺ㸝ぞ์㸞࡞⨠ࡀᥦ࠻ࡼࡿࡒ㟻ࡡฦ ♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠉ ࠔᡥてⓏࡵࡡࠕ࡚ࡢഃ↓ᛮࡢ㏣࡞㈳ᥥࡈࡿࠉ⥲࡛Ⰵᙤ༝ྜྷࡊࡒ⮤⏜ ዌᨲࠔⰅᥝࠕ⏤㟻ධᇡࢅᨥ㒼ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡗࢅྜྷ࡞ྱࡳ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡞࠽࠷ ࡙ࠉ୦⩽ࢅᣍᢘࡈࡎࡾ࠵ࡾさ⣪ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࡢࡍࡓࠊࡆࡿࢅࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࡢࠔ㍧㒄⥲ࠕ࡞ị ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔరࡵࡡࢅࡵ㝀⏲ࡄ࠷ୌᮇࡡ⥲ࠉࡐࡿ࡚ࡵ࠽ࡐࡿ⮤㌗ୌ⛸ࡡ㍧㒄࡛ࡾࠕ ࠉ ࡐࡡࡻ࠹㍧㒄⥲ࡢࠉ ࠔᙁⅧᡥṹᗐࢅ㉲ࡌࡆ࡛ࡂࠉྊḖ◒ᑻࡌ࡙ࢅᇔἈࡈࡎ ࡾࡆ࡛࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ࠕ ࠉཫ᪁ࡡ㇗ࢅโᚒࡌࡾ㔔さ⨠࡛ࡾࠉࡐ࠹ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࡢ㏑ࡾ ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ52ࠊ ㍧㒄ࡡណᚷࠉࡐࡿࡢࢺ࣭ࣜࢫ࡞ࡻࡿࡣ࠾ࡽ々ྙⓏ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㍧㒄ࡢ⯑ྋࡷࢪࢵ࣭ࣜࠉ ὑ㟻ྋࡷ⁈よࡊࡒ⫏ࡡỀ‸ࡽࡡጶ࡚Ⓡሔࡌࡾළᙟ࣬ළᙟ࡚࠵ࡽࠉᯗ⥲࡚♟ࡈࡿࡒᖲ ⾔ඵ㟻మࠉᚃ࡚ࡢ㛏Ꮔࡷ⫕᤻ࡄᏄ࡛ᵕࠍᙟᘟࢅ࡛ࡖ࡙࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡞⤄ࡲ㎲ࡱ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡢᙟ㇗ࢅ㝰㞫ࡌࡾష⏕ࢅᣚࡔࡗࡗࡵࠉ࠽ࣤࢰ࣭ࣆ࢘ࢪ㸝㏩㐛⭯㸞 ࡡᙲࢅࡵᯕࡒࡊࠉᙟឺ࡛⫴ᬊ୦⩽ࡡஹ㏳ࢅྊ⬗࡛ࡌࡾࠊࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࡡฦᯊ࡚ࡢࠉ50 ᖳ ࡡᬧ࠷Ⰵ㟻ࡡ㡥ࡡ⤦⏤࡚ࡢࠉᡥてⓏష⏕⏤㟻ࢅᨥ㒼ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉᙟ㇗ࡡ୷ࡂ㛜࠾ࡿ ࡒ྆ࡩཾ㸝࠽ࡐࡼࡂᖲ⾔ඵ㟻మࡵࡐࡡୌࡗࡓࢀ࠹㸞ᚃࡡ㍧㒄⥲ࡡᮮࢅ‵ങࡌࡾࡵࡡ ࡛ᤂ࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ53ࠊࡆࡡฦᯊࡢࠉ50 ᖳᮆࡡࢪࢰࣜࡡን᭞ࡡ㝷࡞ኣᩐᥝ࠾ࡿࡒࢸࢴࢦ ࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲ㢦ࠉ㍧㒄⥲࡞ᑊࡌࡾモ⾔㘊ㄏࡡ㊟࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹࡞ぜࡒฦᯊ࡞ᖲ⾔ࡊࡒ ࡵࡡ࡛࠷࠻ࡻ࠹ࠊࡐࡿࢅරమⓏ࡞☔ヾ࡚ࡀࡾࡡࡢ࡞ࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡୌ㏻ࡡ㈠ᩩ࡚ ࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ➠⟿ ㍧㒄࡛ ᙟᘟ ࢷ࣭ࢹࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤ࡞࠽࠷࡙☔ヾ࡚ࡀࡾࡡࡢࠉᙟ㇗ࡡ㒼⨠࡞㛭ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤ 60 ᖳ௧㜾㢎⦶࡞⏕࠷ࡾ⯑ྋ⨠㸝࣏ࢴࢹࣝࢪࠉࢮࣆࠉ㛏Ꮔࠉྋᗑࠉළᙟ࣬⟵ᆵࡡ ᐄහ✭㛣㸞ኣᩐⓇሔࡌࡾࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤ࣬ࢪࢢࢴࢲ࡞ࡢฝ࡚ࡀࡾさ⣪ࢅࡈࡊᙔ ࡒࡖ࡙ࡗスᏽ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡥ࡛ࡗࡢྜྷᙟࡡ࣭࣎ࢫࢅ࡛ࡖࡒெ∸ാ␏ࡖࡒ⫴ᬊ ࡞ス⨠ࡈࡿࡾሔྙࠊࡆࡡࢢ࣭ࢪࡢ㈠ᩩ୯࡚᭩ࡵኣ࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠉౚ࠻ࡣࠒ㟯ࡡᶋࡒࢂࡾெ ∸ No.1ࠓ࠘ᅒ 19࡛࠙ࠒNo.2ࠓ࠘ᅒ 20࡚࠙ࡢྜྷⰅ࣬ྜྷᙟࡡெ∸Ềᖲ࡞ఘࡦࡒ㛏Ꮔ࡛ࢤ࣭ 19 ࢻ࣭ࡡ࠵ࡾ㛏Ꮔࡡ⛸㢦࡚Ẓ㍉᳠ゞࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡗ┘ࡢ㢦జࡌࡾ⫴ᬊ࡞␏ࡾ࣎ ࣭ࢫ࡚ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾሔྙ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ࡞Ềᖲ࡞ᘇࡦࡾ㛏Ꮔ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙᳠ゞࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡡࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤ㔔々ࡌࡾࠉྎ᪁ྡྷమࢅྡྷࡄࡾெ∸ࠉࡐࡡ࡞⬄ᆓࢅ࠾࠷࡙୦⭆ࢅᣚ ࡔ୕ࡅࡾெ∸ࠉ๑࠾ࡲ࡞ࡾெ∸ࠉ௭ྡྷࡄ࡞ࡖ࡙ࡥࡉࢅ❟࡙ࡾெ∸➴ࠍࠉ㛏Ꮔࡡ⯑ ྋ࡞ࡡጶເࡡெ∸ࡨࡈࢂࡊ࠷࠾ࢅ⩻ᐳࡊࡒ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾ࠘ᅒ 22࠙ ࠘ᅒ 23࠙ࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࡗ┘ ࡢࠉྜྷᙟࡡ࣭࣎ࢫࢅ࡛ࡾெ∸Ⰵᙤࢅን࠻࡙ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾሔྙ࡚࠵ࡾ࠘ᅒ 24࠙ ࠘ᅒ 25࠙ࠊ⥲࡞ࡻ ࡾᙟమࡡᢍᥩࡡ࡞ࠉெ∸ࡡⰅࢅຊ࠻࡙࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ࡞ᐁ㝷ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾ࡛ࡀࡡ࣒࣭ࢩࢅᅖࡴ ࡻ࠹࡛ࡊࡒᙟ㊟చࢂࡿࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡࡗࡡさ⣪ࡢࢸࢴࢦࣤ࡞࠽࠷࡙々ྙⓏ࡞⏕࠷ࡼࡿ࡙ ࠽ࡽࠉ୯࡞ࡢ々ᩐࡡさ⣪ࢅྜྷ࡞᳠ゞࡊ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙ࠷ࡂࡗࡵぜུࡄࡼࡿࡾࠊ ୕オࡡฦᯊ࡚᪺ࡼ࠾࡛ࡖࡒࡗࡡさ⣪ࡡ࠹ࡔ๑༖ࡡࡗࡢࠉ50 ᖳࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙࣊ࢤࣤ ࡡᏰᠺషဗ࡞ࡵྜྷ⛸ࡡᚷྡྷࡢ㏳࿆ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ➠ୌࡡさ⣪ࢅ♟ࡌࡵࡡࡢ 1952 ᖳࡡࠒ࠹ࡍࡂࡱ ࡾ⿼మࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞షࠓ ࠘ᅒ 26࠙ࡡ࠾ࡲࡆࡳெ∸ࡡ࣭࣎ࢫࡡࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ࡞⫴୯࡞Ⅴࢅ ྙࢂࡎࡒࡵࡡ⫴ᬊࢅን࠻࡙࠷ࡂࡗࡵᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ➠ࡡさ⣪❻Ⓩ࡞⌟ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢ 50 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 60 ᖳ࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ࡡ㏻షࠉ≁࡞ 53 ᖳࠒ⫔ാ⩞షࠓ࡛ 61 ᖳࡡࠒᩅⓒࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞ షࠓࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ㸝8 ㏻ష࡛ 6 ㏻ష㸞 ࠘ᅒ 27࠙࠘ᅒ 29࠙ ࠉࡐࡊ࡙ 54 ᖳࡡࠒ㟯࠷⏠ࠓࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ㸝7 ㏻ష㸞࡚☔ヾ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ53 ᖳࡡࠒ⫔ാ⩞షࠓࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡚ࡢᙟ㇗ࡡ๑ᚃ࡞ᒈ㛜ࡌࡾᖼర ᏕⓏ⥲ฦ࡞ࡷࡷ␏ྜྷ࠵ࡾࠉ㯜Ⰵ࠷㕪ᰑࡢභ㏳ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࡆࡡ⠂␢࡞ࡴ࡙ࡵ ᕣࡊᨥ࠻࠷ࡵࡡ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊࡆࡡࡗࡡさ⣪ิషဗ࠾ࡼ⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡒ⌦⏜ࡢ࠽ࡐࡼࡂ ࡆ࠹ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊิࡡ⤦⏤࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉỀᖲ⥲ᘤ࠾ࡿ࡙ᚪ↓Ⓩ࡞⾪ฝࡌࡾᐄහࡷࠉ㯦࠾ࢱ࣭ ࢠ࣬ࣇ࣭࡚ࣜሧࡼࡿࡒẒ㍉Ⓩ࠵࠷ࡱ࠷✭㛣࡞ᖼరᏕⓏ⥲ฦᾃ㐗ࡌࡾ⫴ᬊ࡛ࠉ≁ᏽࡡ࣎ ࣭ࢫࢅ࡛ࡾᙟ㇗࡛ࡡ⌦Ⓩ㏻ᦘ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ᥀⣬࡚࠵ࡾࠉ࡛ࠊࣃ࣭ࣖ࣬M࣬ࢸࣥࢪࡡ㈻ၡ࡞ ࡒ࠷ࡌࡾ࣊ࢤࣤࡡⓆゕࡢࠉࡆࡡ௫ᏽࢅࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢸࣥࢪ 㸯࠵ࡒࡒ࠷࡙࠷ᥝࡂெࠍࡢ࠵ࡒ㛏࠷㛣ࡀྙࡖ࡙࠷ࡾெࡒࡔ࡚ࡌࠉ࠽ࡖࡊࡶࡾ ࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ┷ࢅ࠹࡛ࡀࡢࠉ࠵ࡒ⮤㌗ࡡオ᠀࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡐࡿࢅ㎙᭡࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࡲ࠹ࢂࡄ ࡚ࡌࡠࠊ ࣊ࢤࣤ 㸯ࡐࡡ࡛ࡀ⚶ᥝ࠷࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡢ̿̿㍧㒄ࡷᙟᘟ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ⚶⮤㌗ࡡ├ふⓏ࢙ࣥࣛ ࣭ࢨ࡚ࣘࣤ࠵ࡾࠉࡐࢆ㍧㒄ࡷᙟᘟ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࢅᥝ࠷࡙࠷ࡾࢆࡓࠊࡐ ࠉࠉࠉࠉ ࡿࡼࡡ┷࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡋࡶ࠷54ࠊ㸝ᙁㄢᘤ⏕⩽㸞 ࡵࡔࢀࢆࡆࡡ᥀⣬ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤ≁᭯ࡡࡵࡡ࡛࠷࠹ࡻࡽࠉこὊ⤦⏤ྍ࡞࠽࠷࡙㏻⥝࡛⤾࠷࡙ ࡀࡒലྡྷ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࢅ᳠ッࡊࡒࡡࡢ L.ࢥ࣭ࣤࢡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢥ࣭ࣤࢡࡢ࣊ࢤࣤ ࡒࡦࡒࡦཤ↯ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒ X ⥲┷ࡡ༈Ꮥཤ⩻㈠ᩩ㞗ࠖᨲᑏ⥲┷⾙ࡡ㒼⨠ࠗ࡞♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ ጶເ࡛㐛ཡࡡఎ⤣Ⓩ⤦⏤ࡡጶເࢅẒ㍉᳠ゞࡊࠉこὊெᖉᒌࡌࡾఎ⤣↋ណㆉⓏ࡞⾪ࡿࡾ ࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡒ55ࠊࡐࡡ୕࡚ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡆࡡఎ⤣ࡡ㐿∸ࢅࠔ⮤ࡼࡡࡒࡴ࡞ⁿ⧚ࡊࠉよ ࡀࡃࡌࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠕெ∸࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ56ࠊಕᆊ᭹ࡢࡆࡡⁿ⧚࡞Ἰ┘ࡊࠉ53 ᖳ 20 ࡡࠒ⫔ാ⩞షࠓࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡞࠽࠷࡙࣊ࢤࣤ㝀ᏽࡈࡿࡒ࣓ࢲ࣭ࣆࢅⁿ⧚Ⓩ࡞᳠ゞࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡆ࡛ࢅᣞᦤࡊࡒ57ࠊ☔࠾࡞ࡆࡡណぜࡢḿ㬸ࢅᑏࡾࡵࡡࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ 53 ᖳࡡ㏻ష࡞ࡢࠉ షဗࡡ㏻㛭ୌࡗࡡࢨ࣭ࢠ࢙ࣤࢪࢅᙟᠺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࡡࡗࡡ㏻ష࡛᚜ዼᕣ␏ࢅ ࡵࡒࡼࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ 8 షဗࢅࢰࢹࣜ࡞ࡈࡿࡒ␊ྒ࠽ࡽ࡞╈ࡴࡾ࡛ࠉ๑༖ࡡ 4 ష࡚ ࡢࡐࡿࡑࡿ࣭࣎ࢫࢅ㐢࠻࡙ᖲ㟴⾪ࢅぜࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࠉᚃ༖ࡡ 4 ష࡞ࡾ࡛ࠔ➏࠷ࠕࠉࠔ྆ ࡦࠕࠉࠔᾐᩋࠕ࡛࠷ࡖࡒୌ⤾ࡀࡡὮࡿࢅ⏍ࡲฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ㏻⤾ᛮࡢࠉ࠵ࡾࠔ∸ㄊࠕࢅㄇ ⓆࡈࡎࡾⅤ࡚࣊ࢤࣤࡡណᅒ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢᩃࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ࡵゕ࠻ࡾ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊ☔࠾࡞ྜྷᖳ ࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࠉࠒெమ㢄㒂ࡡ⩞షࠓ࠘ᅒ 28࡚࠙ࡢྜྷᵕࡡࠔ➏࠷ࠕࠉ ࠔ྆ࡦࠕࠉ ࠔᾐᩋࠕ ♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡ⤦⏤ࢅࢩࣘࣤ࣬ࣚࢴࢬࣜࡢḗࡡࡻ࠹࡞⩻ᐳࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔࡆࡡୌ⩄ࡡ⤦⏤ ࡢ㏻⤾Ⓩ࡞ㄖࡱࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊᕞഁࡡ㢄㒂ࡢࡐࡡ࡛ࡀࡢ㟴࠾࡞ࡂࡗࢀ࠷ࡓ♣ஹᛮࢅࠉ ḗࡡ୯ኳࡡ㢄㒂࡚ࡢ⃥᪰ࡌࡾපெࢅ㸝୯␆㸞ࠉࡐࡊ࡙ྎഁࡡ㢄㒂࡚ࡢࠉெṒ࡛ࡀࠉࡵ ࡊࡂࡢḿ☔࡞ゕ࠻ࡣࠉ࣌ࢷ࡚ࣜ✽Ṓࡌࡾ࡛ࡀ࡞ザࡿࡾපⓏ௫㟻ࡡ⁈よࢅ⾪ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ ࡚࠵ࡾ58ࠕࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹ᕞ࠾ࡼྎࡡㄖࡲࢅࠉࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࡢࣂࢾࣜࡡᒈ㛜࡛Ίྜྷࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ ࡊ࡙ᢀึࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ59ࠉྜྷᖳࡡࠒ⫔ാ⩞షࠓࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡛ࡡ㢦జᛮࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ࡛ᙁࡔ᰷ᣈࡡ࠷ ࡵࡡ࡛ࡵゕ࠻࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠⟿ ⤦⏤࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾ ∸ㄊᛮ ࡓࠉ⤦⏤࡞࠽ࡄࡾ∸ㄊᛮ࡛ࡢ࠷࠾࡞ࡊ࡙㉫ࡆࡾࡡ࠾ࠊࡥ࡛ࡗ࡞ࡢ々ᩐࡡெ∸࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ ᠻࠍࡢࡐࡿరࠔ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠕᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࢅ⩻ᐳࡊጙࡴࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢୌࡗࡡష ဗ࡞ୌெࠉኣࡂ࡛ࡵெࡡெ∸㸝ࡓࡐࡿࡵ⤙ࡲྙ࠹ୌࡗࡡ༟మ࡛ࡊ࡙㸞ࡊ࠾ᥝ࠾࠾ࡖ ࡒࠊୌࡗࡡ⤦⏤୯࡚々ᩐࡡெ∸㒼⨠ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ∸㛣ࡡᑊリⓆ⏍ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᜅࡿ ࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⩻࠻ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡิషဗ࠾ࡼୌ㈇ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙴ࠷ࡂࡗࡵࡡ࢙ࣥࣛ ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࢅᥝ࠷ࡒࡡࡢ༟࡞ࢰࢹࣜ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙᪺ࡼ࠾࡞㏻ష࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡵࡡ௧አ࡚ࡵࠉࡐࡿ ࢅ࠹࠾࠷▩ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊࡓ∸ㄊᛮ࡛ࡢࠉୌ᪁࡚ࢨ࣭ࢠ࢙ࣤࢪ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡵⓆ⏍ࡌࡾ ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ㏻ష࡚ࡢࠉ ࠔྜྷୌࡡᵋᠺさ⣪ࠕ 㸝ౚ࠻ࡣ 61 ᖳࡡ㏻ష࡚ࡢ⋚ᗑ࡞┞ᙔࡌࡾ㸞 ࡡୖ࡞⨠࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉషဗ㛣ࡡ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࡢୌᏽࡡ㛣Ⓩዉᶭ㸝ᕞ࠾ࡼྎࠉ షဗ␊ྒ㡨㸞ࢅ⏍ࡲฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⣌าⓏ㏻⤾ࡢ࣭ࢺ࣭ࢺ࣏࣬ࣇࣛ ࢴࢩࡡ㏻⤾┷࠾ࡼ╌ࢅᚋ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡚࠵ࡾ60ࠊ53 ᖳࡡ㏻ష≺❟ࡊ࡙ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾ ࡞ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉషဗࡐࡿࡑࡿషဗ␊ྒ࡞ᚉࡖ࡙ḗ࡞ザࡿࡾషဗࢅវࡈࡎࡾ㏻⤾┷Ⓩ⤦⏤ ࡢࠉࡌ࡚࡞௴ណ࡞㐽ࡣࡿࡾࡻ࠹ᜓណᛮࢅᤴ㝎ࡊ࡙ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊఎ⤣Ⓩᙟᘟ࡚࠵ࡾࠔ༎ Ꮚᯣࡡ㐠⾔ࡀࡡ༎ᄿ⏻ࠕ࡞࠵ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉṒࡡᐃ࿈࠾ࡼᚗὩ࡛㐅ࡳ⏻㸝ࢪࢷ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ㸞ࡢ 㛣ⓏዉᶭࢅᏈࡲࠉ∸ㄊ࡛ࡊ࡙㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡂࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡆࡡ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅࡡᙟᘟࢅ⏕࠷ࡒࡡࣁ ࣭ࢾࢴࢹ࣬ࢼ࣭࣏࡚ࣖࣤ࠵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࡢࡻࡂ▩ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠉᙴࡡᥝ࠷ࡒ༎ᄿⅤࡡࠒࢧ࣬ࢪ ࢷ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࢫ࢛࣬ࣇ࣬ࢧ࣬ࢠࣞࢪࠓࡡ㏻⤾ᛮࡢࠉୌᏽࡡࣆ࢚࣭࣏ࢴࢹ㸝࣊ࢤ࡛ࣤࢼ࣭ࣖ ࣏ࣤࡢࡆࡡ㏻ష࡛࠷࠹ᙟᘟࡡࡲࡼࡍࠉࡐࡡࢪࢢ࣭ࣜ➴㌗ኬ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛㸝198153cm㸞ࠉ 21 ᆀሧࡽࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࢅ⏕࠷ࡒࡆ࡛࡞㢦జᛮࢅぜฝࡎࡾ㸞࡞࠽࠷࡙⏍ࡲฝࡈ ࡿࡾ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࢅᶅ⣬ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛ࢅచࢂࡎࡾࠊࢰࢹࣜࡡ㢗ࠔ࣏ࣝ࣬ࢦࣁࢠࢰ ࢼ㸝➽࠻ࡀၡ࠷㸞ࠕ♟ࡌࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ⠾⣪ୌⰅሧࡽࡡ୯࡚⇖࠻୕ࡾࢩࢴࣈࡡኣᵕᛮࠉ ✭ࢅඖᐁ࡞ን࠻࠹ࡾࡻ࠹ᓤ㧏మ㥺ࢅᘤࡀฝࡌࡆ࡛ࡆࡡ᥀⣬࡞࠽࠷࡙ࢼ࣭࣏ࣖࣤị ࡴ࡙࠷ࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࡞㐢࠷࠷61ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊふ⩽⤦⏤ࢅ㚯㈳ࡌࡾሔ㸝࣏ࢤ࣑㸞ࢅぜฝࡌࡆ ࡛ࡵࡱࡒࢼ࣭࣏ࣖࣤࡡណᅒ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ㉫ࡌࡾࡼࡣࠉ14 Ⅴࡡ㏻షࢅ┘ࡡᙔࡒࡽ࡞ࡊ ࡒふ⩽ࢰࢹࣜࡡㄇᑙ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࣆ࣭ࢪࢹ࣬ࢪࢷ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ࠾ࡼ㡨␊࡞㚯㈳ࡌࡾࡆ࡛㑂 ࡄࡼࡿ࠷௧୕ࠉ⣌าⓏㄖࡲࡡྊ⬗ᛮࢅṟࡌࡆࡡᙟᘟࡡ≁ᛮࢅ∸ㄊࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ㏻షࡡᙟᘟࡢ 60 ᖳ๑༖ࢅᶭ࡞ጶࢅぜࡎࡂࡾ62ࠊ ࠽ࡐࡼࡂ㏻ష࡞ࡻࡾ⣌าࡡㄖࡲࢅ⏤ᐓࡡណᅒ࡞㏣ࡼࡖ࡙ㄖࡱࡿ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ᜅࡿ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ ࢅࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡢណㆉⓏ࡞ࡎࡻ↋ណㆉⓏ࡞ࡎࡻࠉᐳࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡡ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊࡆࡡ㏻షࡡ⤂ ↁࡡᚃ࡞Ⓡሔࡌࡾࡡࡢ 53 ᖳ௧ᮮ⏕ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡡ࠾ࡖࡒࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࡡᙟᘟ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡᙟᘟ්㛜ࡈࡿࡒࡡࡢ 62 ᖳࡡࠒ☨ฬࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞షࠓ࠘ᅒ 30࠙࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡽࠉྜྷᖳ࡞㛜 തࡈࡿࡒࢷ࣭ࢹ࣭࣬࢟ࣔࣚࣛࡡᅂ㢫ᒈࡡ㝷࡞Ⓠ⾪ࡈࡿࡒ63ࠊࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࡢᯓࡡࣂࢾࣜ ୌࡗࡡ✭㛣࡞ᶋ୩ࡦ࡞㒼⨠ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ๑ᥞ࡞ࡈࡿࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢᩅఌ࡞⨠࠾ࡿࠉర࠾≁ื ൢ♡ࡡ࡛ࡀ࡞㛜࠾ࡿࡾ㛜㛚ᘟ⚅ቨ⏤࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࠾ࡼࡓࠊ㏳ᖏࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࡢᶭ⬗୕ࡡၡ 㢗࠾ࡼࠉ୦⩴ࡡࣂࢾࣜࡢ୯ኳࡡ༖ฦࡡࢦࢫ࡞ࡼࡉࡾࢅ࠻࠷ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࡆࡡᏺᩅ ᙟᘟࢅྜྷࡋࢦࢫ࡚㏻⤎ࡎࡍ࡞⏕࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽࠉ㏻షࡡ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࢅ ⥌ᣚࡊࡗࡗࡵࠉ⣌าⓏㄖࡲ࡞හᐖࢅ㝀ᏽࡈࡿ࡞ࡂ࠷≁ᛮࢅᚋ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠻ࡻ࠹ࠊ㏻ష ࡚ࡢ࠽ࡻࡐୌࡗࡡࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡞ࡗࡀ 4 ష௧୕ᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠉᠻࠍࡐࡡ㏻షࢅぜࡾሔྙ࡞ ࡢってࡡ⠂ᅑ࡞㝀⏲࠵ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉఌሔࡡථࡽཾ࠾ࡼ㡨࡞ぜ࡙࠷ࡂࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊふ⩽ࡌ ࡙ࡡషဗࢅっ⏲࡞⣙ࡴࡾ࡞ࡢࠉ㏳ᖏࡻࡽ࠾ࡽᗀ࠷✭㛣ᚪさࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡓࡒ࡛࠻ ༎ฦࢪ࣭࣋ࢪࢅ☔ಕࡊࡒ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉ㐪㊝㞫࠾ࡼࡡっⅤ࡚╈ࡴࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊࡆࡿ࡚ ࡢ㏻షࡡࠔᙟᘟࠕࢅぜࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉషဗࡐࡡࡵࡡࡡහᐖࢅ≓∽࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡖ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ࡓ ࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡡᙟ㇗ࡢふ⩽࡞វてࡡష⏕ࢅ├࠻ࡼࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ➴㌗ኬ࡚ᥝ࠾ࡿ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡష⏕ࢅ⥌ᣚ࡚ࡀࡾࡡ㊝㞫࡚㚯㈳࡚ࡀࠉ࠾ࡗ⣌าⓏㄖࡲࢅ㜭ࡃࡒࡴ࡞ ࡢࠉࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࡢࡨࡈࢂࡊ࠷ᙟᘟ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡈࡼ࡞ࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࡡᚗὩࡢࢦࢫࡡၡ㢗࡞ࡵ㛭ࢂࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ44 ᖳ࡛ 53 ᖳࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷ ࢴࢠࡢẒ㍉Ⓩᑚࡈࡂࠉ59 ᖳ௧㜾࡞☔ᏽࡌࡾ 2 ࣒࣭ࢹࣜᘽࡡࣆ࢚࣭࣏ࢴࢹ࡛ࡢᶭ⬗Ⓩ㟻 ࠾ࡼࡵ␏ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙔ↓ࡡࡆ࡛ࡼࠉఎ⤣ᙟᘟࡡ⚅ቨ⏤࡞ࡢࢦࢫ࡞㛭ࡌࡾぞᏽࡢ ぜࡼࡿ࠷ࠊ㇗ᚡᶭ⬗ࡢ⌟ᐁ࡞࠵ࡾ∸㈻࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ⤦⏤࡚ࡢࡂࠉᥝ࠾ࡿࡾᑊ㇗ᬧ♟ࡌ ࡾ㇗ᚡᙟᘟ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙Ⓠິࡌࡾࠊ࣒ࢹࣞ࣎ࣛࢰࣤ⨶⾙㤃ࡡࠒུ⫶࿈▩ࡡ㏻⚅ቨ⏤ࠓ ࠉ㏳⛘ࠔ࣒ ࣭ࣞࢸࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࠕ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉ⚅ቨ⏤⮤㌗⪯㟃ࢅᐙࡌ࣏ࣛࡡᏄᐋ࡛ࡊ࡙ふ⩽࡞ మ㥺ࡈࡎࡾ┞జⓏᵋ㏸ࢅᣚࡗ࡛ࡌࡾよ㔐ࡈࡿࡾࡡࡢࠉࢦࢫࡡၡ㢗࡞ࡢࢆࡼ㛭ࡌ ࡾࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࠾ࡖࡒࡢࡍࡓ64ࠊ➴㌗ኬ࡛࠷࠹ࠔࢪࢢ࣭ࣜࠕࡢࢼ࣭࣏ࣖࣤ⏕࠷ࡒࡻ࠹࡞ࠉふ ⩽࡞∸⌦Ⓩ├ᛮࢅࡵࡖ࡙రࡼ࠾ࡡమ㥺ࢅࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊࡆࡿᏺᩅమ㥺࡛ࡢ␏ 22 ㈻ࡵࡡࡓ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢ⌦よ࡚ࡀࡻ࠹ࠊふ⩽࡛ྜྷ⛤ᗐࡡኬࡀࡈࢅᣚࡗ⤦⏤ࡢࠉࡐࡆ࡞ᥝ࠾ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾᑊ㇗ࢅ⌟ᐁ࡞Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ65ࠊࡓࡐ࠹ࡾ࡛ࠉᏺᩅ⤦ ⏤ࡢ࠷ࢂࡣࢤࣤࡡུ⫏ࢅណࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞⦽ࡽ࠾ࡠ࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢᩅఌᶊງ᭩ ࡵᜅࡿࡒࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢࠉࡆࡡུ⫏ࢅ㏣⏕ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➴㌗ኬ࠾ࡗᯓྜྷୌࡡࣆ࢚࣭࣏ࢴࢹ࡚♟ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉᏺᩅⓏさ⣪ࢅᤴ㝎 ࡊࠉୌ⛸ࡡࠔᙟᘟࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࡲฝࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ∸ㄊࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 23 ➠ᄿ❮ Ⰵᙤ࡛ ㍧㒄 ➠ୌ⟿ ☨ฬᅒ ࡞࠽ࡄ ࡾⰅᙤ ࡛ᙟឺ 62 ᖳࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࡵ࠹ୌࡗࡡ≁㈻ࡢࠉ௧๑ࡻࡽࡵୌᒒᙁⅧⰅᙤ࡚⾪⌟ࡈ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⫴ᬊࡢࡁࡗ࠷㉝࡛⁵㯦ࡡୌⰅሧࡽ࡚♟ࡈࡿࠉᐄහ✭㛣ࡢࡻࡽ㩥᪺ ࡞ᾃ࠾ࡦ୕ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ୯࡚ࠉᙟ㇗ࡢ⫴ᬊ࡛ᑊ↯Ⓩཉሧࡽ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ṅ᭜ࡈࡿࡒ⫏మ ࢅ᭒ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙟ㇗ࡡ⫏ࡡ⾪⌟࡞ࡢ 57 ᖳࡡࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ࡚モࡈࡿࡒࠔ⾪⌟ ⩇Ⓩࠕ➱⮬ᇄ㛣ぜࡼࡿࡾୌ᪁࡚ࠉ㍧㒄⥲࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᙟ㇗࠾ࡼࡡὮฝࢅࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚โ㝀ࡈ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡻࡂࢂ࠾ࡾࡡࡢ୯ኳ࡛ᕞഁࡡெࡡெ∸࡚࠵ࡾࠉࢷ࣭ࢹࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࠉ ࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡ➠ࡡさ⣪ࢅᛦ࠷ฝࡊ࡙ࡵࡼ࠷ࡒ࠷ࠊẒ㍉ࡈࡿࡒࢸࢴࢦࣤࡡ࠹ࡔᚃ⩽࡚ࡢ⫏మ ࡡ㒂ฦࢅẒ㍉Ⓩ㇇ᐣ㔖ࡡ⤦රሧࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ࠘ᅒ 25࠙ ࠊ᭩ิ࡞⊵࡛ࡊࡒⰅᙤࡡም࡛ࡊ࡙న ⨠ࢅᏽࡴࡼࡿࡒ⫏మࡢࠉᚃ࠾ࡼெ∸ࡡࢨ࢙ࣜࢴࢹࢅ㎲ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡊ࡙㍧㒄⥲࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᤍࡼ࠻ ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢࡱࡾ࡚⥲ࡡᳺ࡚☨࡞ࡈࡿࡒ⫏ࡡࡻ࠹ࡓࠊࡓୌ᪁࡚ࠉࠒno.24ࠓ࡚ࡢ㍧ 㒄⥲࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿࠉࡐࡡ୕࡞》Ⰵࡡ⤦ර↋㏸ష࡞ሧࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠘ᅒ 31࠙ ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡢ⫏ࡡ➱ ⮬㍧㒄ࡡ⦍ཱིࡽࢅᢼྫྷࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ⥲ࢅࡢࡲฝࡊ࡙Ề‸ࡽࡡࡻ࠹࡞ᗀࡖ࡙ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊ57 ᖳࡡ㌹ᥦ๑ᚃ࡞┤ࡲࡼࡿࡒ㍧㒄ࡡណᚷࡢࠉ ࠔ⾪⌟⩇Ⓩࠕ⫏ࡡ➱⮬࡛ࡡㄢࢅ ịࡴ࡙ࢪࢢࢴࢲࣇࢴࢠ୕⃥࡚ࡊ࠷㜒ࢅ⧖ࡽᗀࡅ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛᥆ᏽࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࣊ࢤࣤࡡⰅᙤࡡ⾪⌟ࡢ 62 ᖳ๑ᚃࢅሾ࡞ࡊ࡙ࠉࡻࡽὑ⦆ࡡᗐྙ࠷ࢅ㧏ࡴ࡙࠷ࡂࠊࡐࡡᒈ 㛜ࢅぜࡾ࡞ࡢࠉⰅᙤࢅᚋ࡙ࡱࡵ࠷ᩐᖳ㛣ࡡషဗࢅぜࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼጙࡴࡻ࠹ࠊ61 ᖳࡡࠒᩅⓒ ࡡࡒࡴࡡ⩞షࠓࡡ 6 Ⅴࡡ㏻ష࡚ࡢࠉᩅⓒࡡ⾨᭱࡞㛭ࡊ࡙Ⰵᙤࡡ␏ྜྷࡢࡐࡿヾࡴࡼࡿ ࠷ࠉንࡡࡊぜࡼࡿࡾࡡࡢெమ㢄㒂ࡡࠔሧࡽࠕࡡ⾪⌟࡚࠵ࡾࠊᩅⓒࡢషဗ␊ྒࡡⱕ ࠷㡨࠾ࡼࡐࡿࡑࡿ␏ࡖࡒ⾪ࠉ㢞ࡡྡྷࡀࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉࡐࡿ࡞ఔࡖ࡙࠹ࡠࡾΊྙࡈࡿ ࡒⰅᙤࡢ㢄㒂ࡡ㡷ᇡහࢅ⮤⏜࡞⛛ິࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ➱⮬ࡢᚃࡡெమ㢄㒂࡚Ⓠᒈࡈࡎࡼࡿࡾ ࠉ≁ᚡⓏࡡࡢ➱⮬ළᘴࢅᥝࡂࡻ࠹࡞㐘ࡣࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊළࢅᥝࡂࡆ࡛ࠉࡆࡿ ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡚ิ࠾ࡼᐁ㊰ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒさ⣪࡛ࡊ࡙ヾࡴࡼࡿࡾࡵࡡࡡࠉ50 ᖳධ⯙࡞ ࠽࠷࡙ࡢࢪࢵ࣭ࣜࡡ✭㛣⨠࡛ࡊ࡙⏕࠷ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊୌ᪁ᬧ࠷Ⰵ㟻࡞ᾃ࠾ࡦ୕ࡾெ ∸ࡢࠉ᩷∞Ⓩ㍧㒄࠹ࡖࡌࡼ࡛♟ࡈࡿࡾࡡࡲ࡚ࠉࡐࡡ࡛ࢆࡢ⫴ᬊࡡ㯦ࠉࡵࡊࡂࡢࢱ ࣭ࢠ࣬ࣇ࣭ࣜࡷᆱ├࡞ఘࡦࡾ࣭࢜ࢷࣤࡡࡻ࠹➱⮬࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㝻ࡈࡿ࡙ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊெమ 㢄㒂ࡡළࡡ➱⮬Ⓡሔࡌࡾࡡࡢࠉ࠽ࡻࡐ 57 ᖳࡡࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫࢅሾ࡞Ⰵᙤጸ ງࢅቌࡌ㡥࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᥝ࠾ࡿࡾெ∸ࡢ᪺ᗐࡡ㧏࠷⫏ࡡ➱⮬࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉࡐࡡධㇲࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾ ࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ㝷࡞㍧㒄ࡢࡆ࡞♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ㍧㒄ࡢࠉΊྙࡈࡿࡒ⤦ර⮤ࡼ ࡡງ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ⥲࡞ࡻࡼ࠷≺⮤ࡡ㍧㒄ࢅᙟᠺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ61 ᖳࡡ㏻ష࡚ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒ ᩅⓒ࡛ᙴࡡ࠷ࡾ✭㛣ࡢࠉ50 ᖳ௧๑࡞ぜࡼࡿࡒࡻ࠹⌟ᐁⓏකࡡຝᯕ࡞ᣈࡼ࠷ࠉ࠷ࢂ ࡣ⤦රࡡࠔ⮤ᕤⓆකࠕ࡛࡚ࡵゕ࠹ࡀࡵࡡ࡚ᠻࠍ࡞ࡐࡡጶࢅ⌟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ๑ᖳࡡࠒᆓ 24 ാࠓ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ☔ヾ࡚ࡀࡾ࠘ᅒ 32࠙ࠊᬧ࠷Ⰵ㟻࡛❟᪁మࡡᯗ⥲ࡡ⾪⌟ࡢ౪↓࡛ࡊ࡙ṟࡾ୯࡚ࠉ ࡊࡸࡖࡒ࠷ ெ∸ࡡ㢄㒂ࡢ㩥ࡷ࠾⫑Ⰵ⫴ᬊ࡛ࡡࢤࣤࢹࣚࢪࢹࢅᙁࡴࠉ⫏࡛ࡊ࡙ ฝ ᮮ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡓࠊ አぜࢅ♟ࡌࡆ࡛ࠉࡐࡿࡢ༟࡞ࢤࣅ࣭࡛ࡊ࡙⌟ᐁࡡጶ࠾ࡼᮇ㈻ࢅ㝻ࡌࡆ࡛࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࢩࣔࣤ= ࢠ࣏ࣝ࣬ࣜࢰࣤࡢ࠷ࡲࡋࡂࡵḗࡡࡻ࠹࡞ゕࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࠔࣈࣚࢹࣤ࠹ゕ࠽࠹࡛ࠉ᫅ࡢአぜ ࡂࡊ࡙ࡢᠻࠍ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㎾ࡘࡂࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠷ࡡࡓࠊ᫅ࡢ⮤ࡼࡡකࡡ࠽࠾ࡅ࡚ጶࢅ⌟ࢂࡌ 66ࠕ ࠊ࣊ࢤࣤ㍧㒄࡛ᙟᘟࡡ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࢅᥝࡂ࡛࠷ࡖࡒࡐࡡណࡢࠉ⫔ാࢅࡐࡡᮇ ㈻ࡱ࡚ࡗࡀࡗࡴࡾࡒࡴࡡࠉ࠷ࢂࡣአぜ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ᥀⣬࡚ࡵ࠵ࡖࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡚ࡢᚪ↓Ⓩ ࡞ࠔ⮤ࡼࡡකࡡ࠽࠾ࡅ࡚ጶࢅ⌟ࢂࠕࡌࠉⰅᙤࡡຝᯕᚪさ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ➠⟿ ⫴ᬊ࡛ ᙟឺ ⫴ᬊࡡⰅᙤࡻࡽ㝷❟ࡖ࡙ࡂࡾࡡࡢࠉࡷࡢࡽ 62 ᖳࡡࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡆࡡ షဗⰅᙤ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᮇⓏ᥀⣬ࢅណࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡢࠉర࠾ྚࡵࡡࢅវࡈࡎ ࡾࡻ࠹☨ฬࡡሔ㟻࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉ⾉ሧࡼࡿࡒ㉝ࡡⰅᙤ࡛ெ∸࡛ࡡ㛭౿࡞࠵ࡾࠊ௧๑ࡡషဗ࡚ ࡢⰅᙤᚗὩࡊࡒ࡛ࡢ࠷࠻ࠉᙁⅧⰅᙤྜྷኃࡡ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎ࡞ࡻࡾᐁ㊰ࡢᩐ࠻ࡾࡊ࠾ ࠷67ࠊᮇషဗ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉ㝀ࡽࡂ᪺ࡾ࠷Ⰵᙤࡡୖ࡞㒼⨠ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ∸࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡᏋᅹࡢ ࡳࡊࢀ㜴ᐐࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊᕞഁࡡࣂࢾࣜࡡெࡡெ∸ࡢࠉࢤࣤࢹࣚࢪࢹࢅ㧏ࡴ ࡾࡒࡴ࡞㌗మ㯦࠷ᙫࡡ୯࡞ỷࢆ࡚ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉྎഁࡡࣂࢾࣜࡡ☨ฬࡡྋᗑ࠾ ࡼ㏲࠷ࡍࡽ㜾ࡽࡾᛱ∸ࡢࠉ⮤ࡼࡡⰅᙤࢅ⥌ᣚࡊࠉ᪺☔㍧㒄⥲࡚⦍ཱིࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⥲ ࡢࠉ㌗మࡡᙟឺࢅ⏻ࡴࡾ࡛භ࡞ࠉ⫴ᬊࡡ㉝ࡡⰅᙤ࡛ࡡሾ⏲⥲࡛ࡊ࡙ᶭ⬗ࡌࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞㢟ⴥ ࡚࠵ࡾࡡࡢࠉ୯ኳࡡࡌ㯦࠷㩥⾉ࢅᄂฝࡌெ∸࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㍧㒄࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ∸ࡡ⫏ࡡ⾪⌟ࡢࠉ ெమ㢄㒂࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡾ⾪⌟⩇ⓏⲠࠍࡊ࠷➱⮬࡛㓖జࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉ⥲࡛࠷࠹አᇷ⫏ࡡὮฝ ࢅ㜭࠷࡚࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⥲ࡡᶭ⬗ࡢࠉࡌ࡚࡞ᩐᖳ๑࠾ࡼ‵ങࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡐࡿ ࢷ࣭ࢹࡡࢸࢴࢦ࡛ࣤ㢦జࡌࡾ 61 ᖳࡡࠒᶋࡒࢂࡾዥᛮࠓ ࠘ᅒ 33࡚࠙࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡᙟ㇗ࡢ┷ ࣒࣭ࢩ࠾ࡼࡵࡒࡼࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚ࠉࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭࣭ࣖࣜ࣬࢜ࣥ࡞㌬ࡡ࣍ࣤࢾࢴࢹ࡞ⴘୖ ࡊࡒ⮤ṽ⩽ࡡ┷ṟࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ68ࠊࡆࡡ࣒࣭ࢩࡢ⮤ṽ࠾ࡼ࣊ࢴࢺࡷࢮࣆ࡞ᶋࡒࢂࡾெ ∸ാ࡛ࡊ࡙㌹⏕ࡈࡿࠉ࠷ࡂࡗࡵࡡ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤࢅ⏍ࡲฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ61 ᖳࡡࠒᶋࡒࢂࡾ ዥᛮࠓࡡ⫏మࡡ㒂ฦࡢࡌ࡚࡞⫏ࡡệ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㩥᪺࡞ࡖ࡙ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ69ࠉሾ⏲⥲࡛ ࡊ࡙ࡡ㍧㒄။ୌࡆࡡᙟ㇗ࢅ⥌ᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ୕᪁࡞ᘇࡣࡈࡿࡒ㊂ࡡ㒂ฦ㩥ࡷ࠾ⓉࡡⰅ ᙤ࡛ࢤࣤࢹࣚࢪࢹࢅࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢࠉࡆࡡ㍧㒄ࡡ㜭⾠࡞ࡻࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 62 ᖳ௧㜾ࠉⰅᙤ࡛㍧㒄ࡢᵕࠍモ⾔㘊ㄏࢅ⤊࡙ࠉࡐࡡὑ⦆ᗐࢅ㧏ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙➱⮬ ࡢᵕࠍⰅᙤࢅΊྙࡈࡎࡗࡗࡵࠉ᭜ࡊࡼெమ㢄㒂ࢅṅࡴࠉ◒⥚ࢅࡀࡒࡌ࡛ࡀ࡞ࡢ㍧ 㒄⥲ࡡᨥ࠻ࢅᚋ࡙ࠉୌⰅሧࡽࡡ⫴ᬊ࡛භᏋࢅᅒࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡓࠉ㏣࡞ࡐࡡ㍧㒄⥲㐛࡞ ⫏ࢅ㜭⾠ࡌࡾ࡛ࡀࠉᙟឺࡢࢤ࣭ࣚࢩࣖࡡࡻ࠹࡞㈖ࡽࡄࡼࡿࡒ༰㇗ࢅ࠻ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ࣊ ࢤࣤࡢࡆࡆ࡚ᵕࠍᢇἪࢅ⏕࠷࡙ࡆࡿࢅᅂ㑂ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙟ㇗ࢅ්ࡦ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡡ⾪㟻࡞ᡘ 25 ࡌࡒࡴࠉࢀࡀࡿࠉࢪ࣎ࣤࢩࠉᷰࠉ࢜ࢨ࣐ࣕࡡࢬ࣭ࢰ࣭ࠉࢤ࣭ࢸ࡚ࣖࣞᣌ࡛ࡽࠉᙟ ㇗ࡡഎ࡞ᡥ࡚᥏ࡲཱིࡼࡿࡒ⤦රࢅ㣍ࡣࡊࠉ⤦⏤࡞ഃ↓ᛮࢅᑙථࡌࡾ70ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛࡚ࠉ࣊ࢤ ࣤㄊࡾࠔࣚࢪࢹ࣭ࣝࢨࣘࣤ㸝ౚッࡌࡾࡵࡡ㸞ࠕࡡさ⣪ࢅ๎΅ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼ ࡡ⾔Ⅵࡢ㏳ᖏഃ↓ᛮࡡᑙථ࡛ࡊ࡙㢎⦶࡞ㄊࡼࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊࡓୌ᪁࡚ࠉࢩࣘࣤ࣬ࣚࢴࢬࣜ ᘿࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉഃ↓ࡗࡄࡼࡿࡒ㊟ࡢࠔྊ⬗㝀ࡽᙁງࠉὩງࢅ࠻ࡾ㈽ࡄࡡᢖⷾ71ࠕ ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡᢇ⾙࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ර㇗࡛㇗ࡡሾ⏲࡞㒼⨠ࡈࡿࡵࡌࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࣚࢴࢬࣜ 㔔っࡌࡾර㇗ᛮ࡛㇗ᛮࡡㄢ࡛ࡢࠉࡗࡡ㇗࡛㍧㒄࡛ࡡࣛࢫ࣑࡛ࡊ࡙ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫ࡞ ࡻࡖ࡙ᚃ࡞ฦᯊࡈࡿࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡓࡆࡆ࡚๑ᥞ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾさ⣪௲ࡡⓆᒈࢅ㐑ࡅࡾࡡࡵࠉ ࣊ࢤࣤᙟᘟ࡛㍧㒄ࡡ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨࣘࣤ࡞Ⰵᙤࢅᑙථࡌࡾ 57 ᖳ௧㜾ࡡၡ㢗ᥞ㉫࡞❻ࢅⓆ ࡊࠉࡐࡡ㡥โషࡈࡿࡒኣࡂࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㧏ࡴࡼࡿࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 26 ⤎ㄵ ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࠔりっⓏࡵࡡࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙オ㏑ࡊࡒⰅᙤࡡ⛛ㄢష⏕ࡢࠉฦ㞫ࡈࡿࡒࢹࣛࣈࢷ ࢴࢠࠉᶋࡒࢂࡾெ∸ࡡỀᖲᛮࠉࡐࡊ࡙㉝࡛㟯ࠉⰅࢅΊྙࡈࡿࡒࠔ୯㛣ⓏⰅㄢࠕ࡛ ࡊ࡙ࡡ⅂Ⰵ࡛ୌⰅሧࡽࡡᙁⅧⰅᙤࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ㌹⛛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡵࡒࡼࡈࡿࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ 72ࠊ ࡆࡡ⛛ㄢࡢࠉᵕࠍฦ㞫࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ว᩷ࡈࡿࡼࡵࠉୌᏽࡡ㢦జᛮࠉᑊ↯ᛮࢬ࣭࡛ࣛ ࡾࡆ࡛࡚⏍ࡲฝࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡓ࡛ࡌࡾࡼࡣࠉࢹࣛࣈࢷࢴࢠࡡᙟᘟࡓࡄ࡚ࡢࡂࠉ ࣊ࢤࣤࡡୌ㏻ࡡషဗࢅᴣふࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉⓆᒈ࡛⾮㏝ࢅ┘ࡱࡃࡾࡊࡂ⾔࠹ࠔᙟឺࡡ⛛ㄢష ⏕ࠕࢅమ㥺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵྊ⬗࡚ࡢ࠷࠾ࠊ࡛ࡀ࡞ࡢ㏻షྜྷኃࡡᑊ↯ࢅ⤊࡙ࠉࡆࡡ⛛ㄢࢅᘤࡀ ฝࡌࡆ࡛ࡵྊ⬗࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࢅᐁ㊰ࡊࡒ࡛ࡀ࡞ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗࡡኣࡂ࡞ࡈ ࡿࡒࠔ⩞షࠕ࡛࠷࠹ࢰࢹࣜណࢅࡌࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࡡࡓࠊ ࠔ࢙ࢲ࣭ࣖࢺࠕ 㸝etudes㸞 㸝ⱝ ㄊ࡚ࡢ study㸞ࡢ⾨ࡷమࡡୌ㒂ฦ㸝ᡥࡷ㊂㸞࡛࠷ࡖࡒ⣵㒂ࡡ‵ങషᴏࢅᣞࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉ༟ మ࡚షဗ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ㈻ࢅᣚࡗࡆ࡛ࡵ࠵ࡖࡒ73ࠊࠔ⩞షࠕࡢ‵ങషᴏ࡛Ᏸᠺషဗࡡ㔔ࡡណࢅ ྜྷ࡞ᦘ࠻ࡒࡱࡱࠉషဗ┞ப࡞㏻㛭ࡌࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡ ‵ങషᴏࢅ⾔࠷ࡢࡊࡒࠉࠔ♼⤊⤄⧂࡞├ఎࢂࡾ⤦⏤ࠕ࡞ྡྷࡄࡾ᥀⣬࡛࠷࠹っⅤ࡞❟ࡗ ࡼࡣࠉࡐࡡណࡵ々ᩐࡈࡿࡉࡾࢅᚋ࠷ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ࣓ࢱࢼࢫ࣑࡛࣎ࢪࢹ࣓࣬ࢱࢼࢪ࣑Ᏸ ධ࡞ฦ㞫ࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚ࡢࡂࠉฦ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢅᚪ↓Ⓩ࡞ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ♼リࡈ ࡿࡒ࣓ࢱࢼࢪࢹ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࠉᨭࡴ࡙᳠ッࡈࡿࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊᙴࡡṒᚃ ࡞ṟࡈࡿࡒࢪࢢࢴࢲࡷࢸࢴࢦࣤࡢࠉࡐࡡዉᶭࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 27 ヂ 1 Francis Bacon and David Sylvester, Interviews with Francis Bacon: The Brutality of Fact. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993, p. 21.㸝௧ୖࠉFBDS ࡛␆オࠊ࠽ゼᩝ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ㑝ゼࢅཤ⩻࡞ࡊࡒࠉḿ☔ ࢅࡌࡒࡴ࡞㏪ḗን᭞ࡊࡒࠊ ࠖ⫏ࡡិᝊ ࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣬࣊ࢤࣤ࣬ࣤࢰ࣭ࣥࣖࠗ ࠉᑚᯐ➴ゼࠉ➻᭡ᡛࠉ 1996 ᖳࠊ㸞 2 David Sylvester, Looking back at Francis Bacon. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000, pp. 205-208. 3 ࢸࢴࢦࣤࡷࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡ⏕ㄊἪ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⩻ᐳࡢ➠ୌ❮࡚レࡊࡂりࡿࡾࠉ⌟ṹ㝭࡚ࡢࡻࡽᗀ࠷ណ࡚ ࡡࠔࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕࢅ⏕࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡌࡾࠊ 4 Ernst van Alphen, Francis Bacon and the Loss of Self. London: Reaktion Books, 1992. 5 ࣥࣤ࣬ࣜࣆࣤࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡᙫ㡢㛭౿ࢅࡖࡒ᭩㎾ࡡㄵ⩻࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࠉࡆ࠹ࡊࡒっⅤࢅ⥌ᣚࡊ⤾ࡄ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ᭛ࡂࠉ㐛ཡࡡᕠࡒࡔ࠾ࡼࡡࠔᙫ㡢ࠕࢅ࣊ࢤࣤᘤࡀ⤽࠷࡚࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ఎ⤣Ⓩふᛍࢅ࣊ࢤ ࣤࡡషဗ࠾ࡼぜࡾࡡ࡚ࡢࡂࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗࢅぜࡒᚃ࡞ࠉࣥ࢘ࣚࢪࢢࢪᥝ࠷ࡒᩅⓒࡡ⤦⏤ࢅዯర࡞ぜ ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ࠾ࠉࡱࡒ࣊ࢤࣤࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ㝷࡞ࣝࣤࣇࣚࣤࢹࡡ⮤⏤ാࡢዯర࡞⌟ࡿ࡙ࡂࡾࡡ࠾ࢅ⩻࠻ࡄ ࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠉ࡛ࠊ Ernst van Alphen, “ “Reconcentrations:” Bacon Reinventing his Models.” in: Francis Bacon and the Tradition of Art. exhibi. cat. [Wienna: Kunsthistorisches Mudeum Wien; Riehen/Basel: Fondation Beyeler, 2004], Milano: Skira editore, 2003, pp. 57-69. 6 ࢩࣔࣤ࣬ࣆࣚࣤࢮ࢛࣠࣬ࣛࢰ࣭ࣜⴥࠉ ࠖ㟸ெ㛣Ⓩࡵࡡࠗࠉ⠓ཋ㈠᪺㸤୕ᮟ༡㸤ᖲⰶᖶᾀゼࠉἪᨳኬᏕฝ ∟ᑻࠉ2002 ᖳࠉ202-203 㡣ࠊ 7 Fabrice Hergott et Hervé Vanel, “Œuvre sur papier.” dans: Francis Bacon. exhibi. cat. [Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996], Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996, pp. 231-237. 8 Matthew Gale, Francis Bacon: Working on Paper. exhibi. cat. [London: Tate Gallery, 1999], London: Tate Gallery Publishing, 1999. 9 FBDS, op. cit., pp. 48-50. 10 ౚ࠻ࡣࣤࢺ࣏ࣝ࣬ࢴࢮࣤࡡࢸࢴࢦࣤࢅ◂✪ࡊࡒࣆࣚࣤࢮ࣭࣠ࢫ࣬ࣜࣥࣤࡢࠉ1925 ᖳࡡ㏻షࢸࢴ ࢦࣤ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉఎ⤣Ⓩ࡞ࠔḗⓏࠕࡵࡡ࡛ᤂ࠻ࡾࠔ⩞షࢸࢴࢦࣤࠕࡡぜ᪁ࢅ㌹ࡈࡎࡻ࠹࡛モࡲ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡐࡆ࡞࠽࠷࡙㔔さ࡛ࡾࡡࡢࠔ㏻షࠕ࡛࠷࠹さ⣪࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠉࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡢ࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡵ㔔さ ᣞᦤ࡛ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࣆࣚࣤࢮ࣭࣠ࢫ࣬ࣜࣥࣤⴥࠉࠔㄖよྊ⬗ᛮ vs ㄖよྊ⬗ᛮࠕࠉࠖオྒࡡṽᡐࠗࠉ ㆺᕖኣᏄࠉ༐ⴝᩝኰࠉኯ⏛ὀெࠉᗽ⏛Ꮔභゼࠉࡲࡌࡍ᭡ᡛࠉ1995 ᖳࠉ75 㡣ࠊ 11 Anthony Blunt, Art and architecture in France: 1500 to 1700, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1954. p. 257. 12 ࣜࣁ࣭ࢹ࣑࣬࣍ⴥࠉ ࠔ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡛ࣆࣚࣤࢪ㎾⤦⏤ ୌ❮ࠕ ࠉ㞖ᙢ࣬㜷㒂ᠺᶖ࣬ⲠᮄᗛᏄゼࠉ ࠖᇱ ╡ᩅᩝ◂✪ᡜ◂✪ᖳሒࠗࠉ24 ྒࠉ1990 ᖳࠉ185 㡣ࠊ 13 ྜྷ୕ㄵᩝࠉ180 㡣ࠊ 14 ྜྷ୕ㄵᩝࠉ180 㡣ࠊ 15 ྜྷ୕ㄵᩝࠉ186 㡣ࠊ 16 Margarita Cappock, “Finding Order in Chaos: Francis Bacon’s Studio Contents.” in: Francis Bacon’s Studio at the Hugh Lane. Dublin: Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Art, 2000, p. 28. 17 ࣏࣭ࢠ࣬ࢪ࣭ࣝࢸࣤࡢࣁ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢩ࣭࣭ࣖࣜ࣬࢜ࣥࢅࢷ࣭ࢹࡷࣃ࣭࣭ࣖ࣬ࣝࣤࡡ㈠ᩩ࡛༇ืࡊࠉࡐࡿ ࠔX ࣜࣁ࣑ࠕ࡛ྞࡘࡄࡼࡿࡒୌࡡᮇࡡ୯࡞ྱࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤ⤂⏍ಕᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛ ࢅᣪࡅࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡡషဗࡡ୯࡚ᅖ᭯ࡡన⨠ࢅ༥ࡴࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛フ౮ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡒࡓࡊࠉࡐࡿࡼࡡࢪࢢ ࢴࢲࡡ┷㉒࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ⏻ಕࢅ࠽࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊMark Sladen, “The Bacon myth.” in: BACON’S EYE: Works on paper attributed to Francis Bacon from the Barry Joule Archive. exhibi. cat. [London: Barbican Art, 2001] London: 21 Publishing, 2001, p. 98. 18 Ibid., P.98; Gale, op. cit., pp. 15-16. 19 Sladen, op. cit., p. 99. 20 ➠ୌࡡ㌹ᥦࡢࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭࡞ࡻࡖ࡙➠ḗኬᡋᚃ࡛スᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡐࡡ㛣ࡢ 53 ᖳࡱ࡚⤾ࡂࠊࡱ ࡒࠉࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭ࡢ࣊ࢤ࡛ࣤࡡᑊリ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉࡁࡗ࠷Ⰵࡡ⫴ᬊ࡞᪺☔࡚ᙦ็Ⓩᙟឺࢅᑊ⨠ࡈࡎࡾ ࠉࡐࡡᚃ㐵ⶰ࣭࢜ࢷࣤ࡞しࢂࡿࠉᙟឺࡡᥝࡀ᪁ࠔmalerisch㸝⤦⏤Ⓩ㸞 ࠕ࡞ࡾࠉḗ࡞ザࡿࡾ ࠔmalerischࠕᙟឺ࡛ࡁࡗ࠷ୌⰅሧࡽࡡⰅᙤ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡈࡾࠉ࡛ࡗ࡞ฦࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊDavid Sylvester, “Images of the Human Body.” in: Francis Bacon The Human Body . exhibi. cat. [London: Hayward Gallery, 1998], L.A.: University of California Press, 1998, p. 29; FBDS, op. cit., pp.118-120. 21 John William Nixon, Francis Bacon: Paintings 1959-1979 Opposites and Structural Rationalism . Ph.D. (University of Ulster), 1986, p. 2. 22 Ibid ., p. 272. 23 FBDS, op. cit., p. 190. 28 ࢺ࣐ࢼࢠ࣬ࢸࣖࣅࣖ=ࣚ࣊ࡢ 1931 ᖳ㡥ࡡࣅ࢜ࢮࡡᙟឺࢅࠖ ࠔ࣠ࣜࢷࣜⓏࠕ㌗మ࡛ࠗᙟᐖࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࢺ ࣐ࢼࢠ࣬ࢸࣖࣅࣖ=ࣚ࣊ࠉ ࠔࣅ࢜ࢮషဗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㌗మ 1927-1937㸯ᙟᠺ̿ንᙟࠕࠉࠖࣂࣛ࣬ᅗ❟ࣅ࢜ࢮ⨶ ⾙㤃ᡜⶮ ࣅ࢜ࢮᒈ㸯㌞࡛࢙ࣞࢪࠗ㸝ᒈのఌ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ㸞 ࠉ᮶ா㒌⌟⨶⾙㤃ࠉ2004 ᖳࠉ26 㡣ࠊ 25 Michael Peppiatt, Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma. London: Phoenix Giant, 1996, p. 175. 26 ࡆࡡ⾪࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࢼࢠࢮࣤషᠺࡊࡒࡵࡡࢅཤ⩻࡞ࡊࡒࠊNixon, op. cit., pp. 658-73. 27 ࡆࡡ⛛⡘ࡢࣀࢿ࣭࣭ࣥࡡᢰᙔ⩽࢙ࣛ࢜࣬ࣇࣚࢬࣤ࡞రࡡ┞ㄧࡵࡂ⾔ࢂࡿࡒࠊᙴዥ࡞ࡐࡡᐁఎ ࠻ࡼࡿࡒࡡࡢࢰࣤࢩ࣭ࣜ࡞ᅹࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ⛆᭡࠾ࡼࡡᡥ⣤࡚ࠉࡢ࣏࣭࡛ࣜ࣍ࣞࡡዉ⣑ࡡ⩛ࠉ10 ᭮ 17 ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࣀࢿ࣭࣭ࣥ࠾ࡼࡡᑚวᡥࡡུࡄῳࡊࢅ᩷ࡽࠉ5000 ࣎ࣤࢺ࡛࠷࠹࠵ࡱࡽ࡞ࡵ Ⳑኬㇿബࢅᢢ࠻࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࣇࣚࢬࣤ࡞┞ㄧ࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒ࡛ㄕ᪺ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊPeppiatt, op. cit., p. 179. 28 ࠽ࡆࡡᆀ࡚ࡢ࣊ࣤ࣬ࢼࢤࣜࢮࣤࡷࣁ࣭ࣁࣚ࣬ࣉࢴࣈ࣭࣠ࢪ࡛㝼ࡊࡒపᏩ࡚ࢹ࢙ࣛࢅᵋ࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 29 58 ᖳ࠾ࡼࡡᩐᖳ㛣ࡡషဗࡢᒈのఌ࡞ฝဗࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ᑛ࠷ࠊ≁࡞ 58 ᖳࡡషဗࡢᴗࡴ࡙ࡱࡿࡓࠉ ࠒSeated Man, Orange Backgroundࠓ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ௧ୖࡡ㞟ヽ࡚࣭࢜ࣚ༰ใࢅぜࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊHoward Griffin, “Francis Bacon: Case-history painting.” Studio, CLXI, May 1961, p. 167. 30 ࡌ࡚࡞ 1951 ᖳ࡞ࡢࠉ ࠒheadࠓ࡛㢗ࡈࡿࡒࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ⩞షᏋᅹࡌࡾࠊࣜࢨࣤ࣬ࣆࣞࢺࡡᅂ ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤࡢࡱࡍࡐࡿࢅᩅⓒ࡛ࡊ࡙ᥝࡀጙࡴࡒࠉ㏭୯࠾ࡼࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ࡡ㢄㒂࡛ࡊ࡙ぜࡾࡻ ࠹࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࠊRonald Alley, Francis Bacon: Catalogue Raisonné and Documentation . London: Thames and Hudson, 1964, p. 50. 31 Peppiatt, op. cit., p. 168. 32 Gilles Deleuze, Francis Bacon: Logique de la Sensation. Paris: Ed. La Difference, 1984, p. 94. ࠽ ࡆࡡ⏕ㄊ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ 84 ᖳ࡞᭡࠾ࡿࡒⱝゼ∟ᗆᩝ࡞රమⓏオ㏑ぜࡼࡿࡾࠊ࣊ࢤࣤᥝࡂᙟ㇗ࡡ≁ᚡࢅ㏑ ࡒᚃ࡞ࠉࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࡢࡆ࠹⤾ࡄࡾࠊ ࠔ࣊ࢤࣤࡡ⤦⏤࡞ࡢࡵ࠹ࡥ࡛ࡗࡡさ⣪࠵ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽࠉࣆ࣭࢟ࣖ ࣜ㸝ᙟ㇗㸞ࢅࡐࡿ⮤㌗࠾ࡼᘤࡀ㞫ࡌⰅᙤࡡኬࡀ㡷ᇡ࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡈࡡ࠷㡷ᇡࠉࡵࡊࡂࡢ࣎ࢪࢹ࣬࢞ࣖࣄ ࢪ࣑ࢅ≁ᚡࡄࡾࠔࢨ࣭ࣔࣞ࣬ࢸࣈࢪࠕࡡ㢦ࡓࡄࡵࡗ㡷ᇡ࡚࠵ࡾࠕࠊ Gilles Deleuze, “Author’s Introduction to the English Edition.” in: Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation . translated by Daniel W. Smith, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003, p. xxx. 33 Andrew Brighton, Francis Bacon. London: Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 58. 34 Hugh M. Davies, Francis Bacon: The Early and Middle Years, 1928-1958. Ph.D. (Princeton University 1975), New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1978, p. 161. 35 ࡐࡡᩐᑛ࠷ౚ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ49 ᖳࡡࠒHead IIࠓ࠵ࡾࠊ2004 ᖳ࡞➱⩽ࡢࡆࡡషဗࢅふࡾᶭఌ࡞ᜠࡱࡿࡒ ࠉࡐࡡ㝷࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪࡢరᒒ࡞ࡵሧࡽ㎲ࡴࡼࡿࡒἔ⤦රࡡ㔔ࡲࡡࡎ࠷࡚ࠉ⏤㟻ἴᡬࡖ࡙ࡊࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊࡆࡡิషဗࡡཉሧࡽᢇἪ㸝Impasto㸞ࡢ➱ࡡࢪࣅ࣭ࢺࢅ♟ࡌࡻ࠹ࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫࡡ ༳⮾ᛮ࡚ࡢࡂࠉ⏤ᐓࡡモ⾔㘊ㄏࡡᮆࡡ⤎ᯕ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ 36 FBDS, op. cit., pp. 173-74. 37 ࡆࡡ㛭㏻ࡢࣥࣤ࣬ࣜࣆࣤᣞᦤࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊvan Alphen, 2004, op. cit., p. 67. 38 FBDS, op. cit., pp. 22-23. 39 ࡆࡡࡗࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࡡ⫴ᬊ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ࣏ࢨ࣭ࣖ࣬ࢣ࣭ࣜࡢ࣏࣭ࢠ࣬ࣞࢪࢤࡡ⤦⏤࡛ࡡ㛭㏻ᛮࢅ♟ြ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊGale, op. cit., p. 32. 40 FBDS, op. cit., p. 21. 41 Andrew Durham, “Note on Technique.” in: Francis Bacon. London: Thames and Hudson, 1985, p. 231. 42 Ibid ., p. 58. 43 Ibid., p. 195. ᆀࡡ⏕ࡢࠉ࣓ࣤࢷ࢜ࣜࣞࡡ࢜ࢩࢿ࡚㔘ࢅ࠷ᯕࡒࡊࠉࡌ࡚࡞ᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࢞ࣔࣤࣁ ࢪࡡᆀࢅ⏕ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ࡀࡖ࠾ࡄࡓ࡛࣊ࢤࣤࡢㄊࡾࠊ 44 Gale, op. cit., p. 35. 45 ࡆࡡലྡྷࡢ⨶⾙ࡡฦ㔕࡞㝀ࡼ࠷ࠊౚ࠻ࡣ㡚ᴞ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉࢩࣘࣤ࣬ࢢ࣭ࢩࠖ᪾ࡡ㡚ᴞ㸝Music of Changes㸞 ࠗ 㸝1951㸞ࡷࠖ4 ฦ 33 ⛂ࠗ 㸝1952㸞࡞⾪ࡈࡿࡾࠔࢲࣔࣤࢪ࢛࣭࣬࣋ࣝࢨࣘࣤࠕࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾࡡࡢ ࡆࡡ㡥࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 46 FBDS, op. cit., p. 60. 47 Ibid ., p. 63. 48 Ibid ., p. 66. 49 ಕᆊ᭹ࠉ ࠔࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣭࣬࣊ࢤࣤ㸝1909-1992㸞ࡡ⤦⏤࡛ᬸງ්࣬⩻ ̿1950 ᖳࡡషဗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ ✭㛣Ⓩ㏻㛭ࡡ᥀⣬ࢅࡴࡃࡖ࡙̿ࠕ ࠉࠖ᮶ாᅗ❟㎾⨶⾙㤃◂✪⣎さࠗ ࠉ➠㸫ྒࠉ2000 ᖳࠉ30 㡣ࠊ 50 Deleuze, op. cit., pp. 67-81.㸝⬦ἸᮅᏰ㸞 51 Ibid, p. ヂࠉ࣭ࣛࢡࣜ. ࠽ࠉࡆࡡࠔりっⓏࡵࡡࠕ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡᴣᛍࡡὮࡿࡢ௧ୖࡡ᭡⡘࡞⠾₡࡞ࡱ࡛ ࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⠓ཋ㈠᪺ⴥࠖࢺ࣭ࣜࢫ ࢿ࣏ࢺࣞࢩ࣭ࠗࠉㅦㄧ♣ࠉ1997 ᖳࠉ200-206 㡣ࠊ 24 29 Ibid, p. 102. Ibid, p. 103. 54 Hugh M. Davies, “Interview with Francis Bacon.” in: Francis Bacon: The Papal Portraits of 1953. exhibi. cat. [San Diego: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999], San Diego: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999, p.34. 55 ࠽ࢥ࣭ࣤࢡࡢࡆࡡㄵᩝࡡ⤎ㄵ㒂ฦ࡚ࠉ࣊ࢤࣤ⏕ࡊࡒ☨ฬࡡ࣓ࢲ࣭ࣆ࡛༈Ꮥ┷࡛࡞ࠔ᭩⤂Ⓩ ⒭ࡊ㸝eventual healing㸞 ࠕ࡛࠷࠹භ㏳ࡊࡒ┘Ⓩࢅぜฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊLawrence Gowing, “Positioning in representation.” Studio International. vol.183 no.940 (Jan. 1972), pp. 14-22. 56 Ibid., p. 21. 57 ಕᆊࠉ๑᥎ㄵᩝࠉ34 㡣ࠊ 58 John Russell, Francis Bacon . London: Thames and Hudson, 1993, p.94. 59 Deleuze, op. cit. p. 24. 60 Hugh M. Davies, “Bacon's Popes: Ex Cathedra to in Camera.” in: Francis Bacon: The Papal Portraits of 1953. exhibi. cat. [San Diego: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999], San Diego: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999, p.15; Alley, op. cit., p. 72. 61 ኣᮄᾀⴥࠉ ࠖ♼リࡀୠ⏲ࡡⰹ⾙ᐓࠗࠉᒷἴ᭡ᗉࠉ1994 ᖳࠉ145 㡣ࠊ 62 Nixon, op. cit., p. 671, fig. 14. 63 Peppiatt, op. cit., p. 189. 64 Reindert Falkenburg, “The Household of the Soul: Conformity in the Merode Triptych.” in: Early Netherlandish Painting at the Crossroads : A Critical Look at Current Methodologies. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998, pp. 2-17. 65 Russell, op. cit., p. 114. 66 ࢩࣔࣤ=ࢠ࣏ࣝ࣬ࣜࢰࣤⴥࠉ ࠖ∸ࡡࡱࡉࡊ ࣆࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ㄵࠗࠉᮙᮟ᪸࣬ᮟ⃕┷ಕ࿁ゼࠉኬᮟ᭡ᗉࠉ 2001 ᖳࠉ27 㡣ࠊ 67 ࡐࡡୌࡗ 58 ᖳࡡࠒᆓࡾ⏠ ࢛ࣝࣤࢩࡡ⫴ᬊࠓ࡚࠵ࡾࠉ᪺ࡾ࠷Ⰵᙤࡡ⫴ᬊ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ெ∸ࡢ㏣࡞᪺ᗐ ࡡ࠷㟯࡚ᥝ࠾ࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࣥࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌࣬ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫࡡெ∸࡛⫴ᬊࡡࢤࣤࢹࣚࢪࢹ࡛ྜྷ⣌ࡡᡥἪ࡛ᛦࢂࡿ ࡾࠊ 68 Sladen, op. cit., p. 103. 69 ࢷ࣭ࢹᡜⶮࡌࡾࡗࡡἔᙤࢪࢢࢴࢲࠒReclining Figure, No.1ࠓ ࠒNo.2ࠓࡢࠉᕞ㊂୕᪁࡞ᘇࡣࡈࡿ࡙ ࡢ࠷࠷ࡵࡡࡡࠉࡆࡡషဗࡡ࢙࣭ࣥࣛࢨ࡛ࣘࣤࡵ⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ 52 53 70 Wieland Schmied, Francis Bacon: Commitment and Conflict. translated from Germany by John Ormrod. Munich/ New York: Prestel-Verlag, 1996, p. 87. Russell, op. cit., p. 107. Delueze, op. cit., p. 90. 73 ࣜࣁ࣭ࢹ࣑࣬࣍ⴥࠉ ࠔ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡛ࣆࣚࣤࢪ㎾⤦⏤ ඳ❮ࠕ ࠉ㞖ᙢ࣬㜷㒂ᠺᶖ࣬ⲠᮄᗛᏄゼࠉ ࠖᇱ ╡ᩅᩝ◂✪ᡜ◂✪ᖳሒࠗࠉ29 ྒࠉ95 ᖳࠉ98 㡣ࠊ 71 72 30 ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡⾪ Ὂ᭡ Alley, Ronald. Francis Bacon: Catalogue Raisonné and Documentation. London: Thames and Hudson, 1964. Alphen, Ernst van. Francis Bacon and the Loss of Self. London: Reaktion Books, 1992. Bacon, Francis et Archimbaud, Michel. Francis Bacon: Entretiens avec Michel Archimbaud. Paris: Gallimard, 1996. Bacon, Francis. and Sylvester, David. Interviews with Francis Bacon: The Brutality of Fact. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993. Blunt, Anthony. Art and architecture in France: 1500 to 1700,㸝ᮅᏰ㸞 Brighton, Andrew. Francis Bacon . London: Princeton University Press, 2001. Dällenbach, Lucien. Le récit spéculaire : Essai sur la mise en ebyme. Paris : Ed. Du Seuil, 1977; English translation: The Mirror in the Text. translated by Jeremy Whiteley and Emma Hughes, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1989. Davies, Hugh M. Francis Bacon: The Early and Middle Years, 1928-1958. Ph.D. (Princeton University 1975), New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1978. Deleuze, Gilles. Francis Bacon: Logique de la Sensation . Paris: Ed. La Difference, 1984. ------ “Author’s Introduction to the English Edition.” in: Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. translated by Daniel W. Smith, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003. Durham, Andrew. “Note on Technique.” in: Francis Bacon. London: Thames and Hudson, 1985 Falkenburg, Reindert. “The Household of the Soul: Conformity in the Merode Triptych.” in: Early Netherlandish Painting at the Crossroads : A Critical Look at Current Methodologies. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998. Ficacci, Luigi. BACON. Köln: TASCHEN, 2003. Gale, Matthew. Francis Bacon: Working on Paper. exhibi. cat. [London: Tate Gallery, 1999], London: Tate Gallery Publishing, 1999. Gowing, Lawrence. “Positioning in representation.” Studio International, vol.183 no.940 (Jan. 1972), pp. 14-22. Leris, Michel. Francis Bacon: Face et Profil. Paris: Albin Michel, 1983. Nixon, John William. Francis Bacon: Paintings 1959-1979 Opposites and Structural Rationalism. Ph.D. (University of Ulster), 1986. Peppiatt, Michael. Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma . London: Phoenix Giant, 1996. Russell, John. Francis Bacon. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993 Schmied, Wieland. Francis Bacon: Commitment and Conflict. translated from Germany by John Ormrod. Munich/ New York: Prestel-Verlag, 1996. 31 Sinclair, Andrew. Francis Bacon: His Life and Violent Times. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993. Sylvester, David. Looking back at Francis Bacon. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. ᒈのఌ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ BACON: Portraits and Self-Portraits. London/ New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996. BACON’S EYE: Works on paper attributed to Francis Bacon from the Barry Joule Archive. exhibi. cat. [London: Barbican Art, 2001] London: 21 Publishing, 2001 Francis Bacon. exhibi. cat. [Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996], Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996. Francis Bacon: A Retrospective. exhibi. cat. [London: Yale Center of British Art, 1999], New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1999. Francis Bacon and the Tradition of Art. exhibi. cat. [Wienna: Kunsthistorisches Mudeum Wien; Riehen/Basel: Fondation Beyeler, 2004], Milano: Skira editore, 2003. Francis Bacon: Important Paintings from the Estate. exhibi. cat. [New York: Tony Shafrazi Gallery, 1998], New York, Tony Shafrazi Gallery, 1998. Francis Bacon’s Studio at the Hugh Lane. Dublin: Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Art, 2001. Francis Bacon: The Human Body. exhibi. cat. [London: Hayward Gallery, 1998], L.A.: University of California Press, 1998 Francis Bacon: The Papal Portraits of 1953. exhibi. cat. [San Diego: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999], San Diego: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999. ᭡ ᭡⡘ ࢠ࣒ࣝࣤࢹ࣬ࢡ࣭ࣛࣤࣁ࣭ࢡⴥࠉ ࠖ㎾ⰹ⾙࡛ᩝࠗࠉ℡ᮄួୌゼࠉ⣎ᅗᒁ᭡ᗉࠉ1965 ᖳࠊ ࢢࢾࢪ࣬ࢠ࣭ࣚࢠⴥࠉࠖࢧ࣬ࢽ࣭ࢺ ⌦Ⓩᙟឺࡡ◂✪ࠗࠉ㧏㝭⚵∖࣬ఫࠍᮄⱝஒゼࠉ➻᭡ᡛࠉ2004 ᖳࠊ ࢩࣜ࣬ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫⴥࠉࠖᕣ␏࡛ཬᚗࠗ ࠉ㈀⌦ゼࠉἑฝ᭡ᡛ᩺♣ࠉ1992 ᖳࠊ ࢩࣜ࣬ࢺ࣭ࣜࢫࠉࣆ࢘ࣛࢴࢠࢪ࣬࢝ࢰࣛⴥࠉ ࠖࣤࢲ࢛࣬ࢸࣈࢪ ㈠ᮇ⩇࡛ฦࠗࠉᕰಲᏳ♰ゼࠉ ἑฝ᭡ᡛ᩺♣ࠉ1986 ᖳࠊ ࢩࣔࣤ=ࢠ࣏ࣝ࣬ࣜࢰࣤⴥࠉ ࠖ∸ࡡࡱࡉࡊ ࣆࣤ࣬ࢥࢴ࣌ㄵࠗ ࠉᮙᮟ᪸࣬ᮟ⃕┷ಕ࿁ゼࠉኬᮟ᭡ᗉࠉ2001 ᖳࠊ ࢩࣔࣤ࣬ࣆࣚࣤࢮ࢛࣠࣬ࣛࢰ࣭ࣜⴥࠉࠖ㟸ெ㛣Ⓩࡵࡡࠗࠉ⠓ཋ㈠᪺㸤୕ᮟ༡㸤ᖲⰶᖶᾀゼࠉἪᨳኬᏕฝ∟ ᑻࠉ2002 ᖳࠊ ࢩࣘࣜࢩࣖ࣬࢝ࣤ࣊ࣤⴥࠉ ࠖ㛜࠾ࡿ ெ㛣࡛ິ∸ࠗࠉᒱ⏛ཉྒྷ࣬ኣ㈙ኯ㑳ゼࠉᖲฉ♣ࠉ2004 ᖳࠊ ࣀࣞࣜࢺ࣭࣬ࣞࢭࣤࣁ࣭ࢡⴥࠉࠖⲠ㔕ࡢኌ࡞ࡡࡲࡆࡱࡿࡒ ̿ኬ⾏≟Ἓࡡ୯ࡡ⨶⾙̿ࠗ ࠉཋప㞕ゼࠉ⨶⾙ 32 ฝ∟♣ࠉ1972 ᖳࠊ ࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣬࣊ࢤࣤࠉࢸࣥࢴࢺ࣬ࢨࣜ࣊ࢪࢰ࣭ⴥࠉ ࠖ⫏ࡡិᝊ ࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣬࣊ࢤࣤ࣬ࣤࢰࣥ ࣭ࣖࠗ ࠉᑚᯐ➴ゼࠉ➻᭡ᡛࠉ1996 ᖳࠊ ࣆࣚࣤࢮ࣭࣠ࢫ࣬ࣜࣥࣤⴥࠉࠖオྒࡡṽᡐࠗࠉㆺᕖኣᏄࠉ༐ⴝᩝኰࠉኯ⏛ὀெࠉᗽ⏛Ꮔභゼࠉࡲ ࡌࡍ᭡ᡛࠉ1995 ᖳࠊ J࣬W࣬V࣬ࢣ࣭ࢷⴥࠉ ࠖⰅᙤㄵࠗ ࠉᮄᮟ├ྒྷゼࠉ➻᭡ᡛࠉ2001 ᖳࠊ ᮄᮟᨼⴥࠉ ࠖഃ↓ᛮࡡ⢥♼⌦ࠗ ࠉᒷἴ᭡ᗉࠉ2000 ᖳࠊ ኣᮄᾀⴥࠉࠖ♼リࡀୠ⏲ࡡⰹ⾙ᐓࠗࠉᒷἴ᭡ᗉࠉ1994 ᖳࠊ ୯ᮟ㞕㑳ⴥࠉ ࠖභ㏳វてㄵࠗࠉᒷἴ᭡ᗉࠉ2000 ᖳࠊ 㞟ヽㄵᩝ࣬⩳ゼ ࣜࣁ࣭ࢹ࣑࣬࣍ⴥࠉ ࠔ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡛ࣆࣚࣤࢪ㎾⤦⏤ ୌ❮~ඳ❮ࠕࠉ㞖ᙢ࣬㜷㒂ᠺᶖ࣬ⲠᮄᗛᏄゼࠉ ࠖᇱ╡ᩅᩝ◂✪ᡜ◂✪ᖳሒࠗࠉ21~27࣬29 ྒࠉ1987㹳93࣬95 ᖳࠊ ಕᆊ᭹ࠔࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ࣭࣬࣊ࢤࣤ㸝1909-1992㸞ࡡ⤦⏤࡛ᬸງ්࣬⩻ ̿1950 ᖳࡡషဗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ✭㛣 Ⓩ㏻㛭ࡡ᥀⣬ࢅࡴࡃࡖ࡙̿ࠕ ࠉࠖ᮶ாᅗ❟㎾⨶⾙㤃◂✪⣎さࠗ ࠉ➠㸫ྒࠉ2000 ᖳࠊ ᒈのఌ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ ࠖࣂࣛ࣬ᅗ❟ࣅ࢜ࢮ⨶⾙㤃ᡜⶮ ࣅ࢜ࢮᒈ㸯㌞࡛࢙ࣞࢪࠗ 㸝ᒈのఌ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ㸞 ࠉ᮶ா㒌⌟⨶⾙㤃ࠉ2004 ᖳࠊ 33
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