Small pelagics in the Gulf of Lion
• Protocol of acoustic survey is the same since
1993 and follows Medias one
• Pelagic species assessed are :
– Anchovy and sardine in first priority
– Other one’s if present in the area
• Total small pelagic species biomass fluctuates a
lot between 1993 and 2007 with the highest
level in 2005 with more than 472000 tons
GFCM - SCSA - Izmir 22-26 September 2008
Pelmed03 - July
Pelmed04 - July
Pelmed05 - July
Pelmed06 - July
Pelmed07 - July-August
Pelmed08 - July
PELMED - Evolution of mean déviations in sA
900
800
mean sA (m²/NM²)
700
D1sA
D2sA
D3sA
D4sA
D5sA
D6sA
D7sA
DTotsA
600
500
400
300
200
100
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
0
Years
D1
Scattered schools on the bottom or in mid-water (pk,démersal fishes)
D2
Aggregate schools on the bottom or in mid-water (altitude < 20m)
D3
Scattered patches off the continental shelf (depth > 125m)
D4
Aggregate schools in mid-water (altitude > 20m)
D5
Aggregate patches in mid-water (altitude > 20m)
D6
Aggregate schools near the surface (depth < 30m)
D7
Dense schools stuck to the bottom off the continental shelf (125m)
D1 R05Nuages au fond ou en hauteur (pk,démersaux)
counted as fish at -55dB Sardine, Anchovy, Mackerels, Horse Mackerels
counted as fish at -60dB Sardine, Anchovy, Mackerels, Horse Mackerels
counted as fish at -60dB Blue whiting, myctophidae
counted as fish at -60dB Sardine or sardinella
counted as fish at -60dB Mackerel (often little one's)
counted as fish at -60dB Sardine, Anchovy, Mackerels
counted as fish at -60dB Horse mackerel
comptés pour poissons à -50dB
Sardine,
Si Anchois,
D1 (-55 dB)>200
Maquereaux, Chinchards
PELMED surveys - Yearly evolution of sea surface temperature
30.00
SST°
25.00
Mean
Maximum
Minimum
20.00
15.00
10.00
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
M
P
PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM
Surveys
Sprat
Anchois
140000
60000
40000
20000
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
0
Années
Années
Sardinelle
Sardine
150000
100000
50000
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
50000
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Années
Années
Années
06
05
07
20
20
04
20
03
20
02
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
19
95
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
94
93
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
19
Biomasse (t)
Chinchard commun
19
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Biomasse (t)
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
20
Années
Chinchard méditerranéen
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
01
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
0
01
100000
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
00
150000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
20
200000
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
20
Maquereau espagnol
Biomasse (t)
Biomasse (t)
250000
00
Années
Maquereau français
300000
20
99
Années
20
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
19
93
19
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
94
0
0
19
200000
12000
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
Biomasse (t)
Biomasse (t)
250000
20
80000
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
Biomasse (t)
Biomasse (t)
100000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Biomasse
Bio - Ec
Bio + Ec
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
120000
PELMED suveys
Total biomass of small pélagics in the gulf of Lion
500000
Total
450000
Inshore
400000
Offshore
Biomass (MT)
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years
Nb. of individuals by species and total
in the gulf of Lion
Total SARD PIL
Total ENGR ENC
Total SPRA SPR
Total SARI AUR
Total TRAC MED
Total SCOM SCO
16000000
Total SCOM PNE
Total TRAC TRP
Nb. of individuals (x 1000)
14000000
Total TRAC TRG
Total TOTAL
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
1993
1995
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Years
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Stock assessment of small
pelagics in the Gulf of Lion
• Estimated biomass for 2007
– Anchovy : 18500 tons
– Sardine : 56300 tons
– After a downward trend for anchovy
since 2001 peak, relative stabilization
from 2005 to 2007 at a low level
– After an upward trend of sardina
from the 2003 to 2005, return at a
mean level in 2006 and 2007
Biomass and landings of anchovy
in the gulf of Lion
120000
Biomass
Biom - Sd
Biomass and landings(MT)
100000
Biom + Sd
Landings
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Years
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Inshore anchovy biomass
Biomass (MT)
In the gulf of Lion
120000
Biomass
100000
Bio - Sd
80000
Bio + Sd
60000
40000
20000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2004
2005
2006
2007
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
Years
Offshore anchovy biomass
In the gulf of Lion
100000
Biomass
80000
Bio - Sd
Bio + Sd
60000
40000
20000
Years
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
0
1993
Biomass (MT)
120000
Length structure of anchovy in the gulf of Lion during Pelmed surveys 2004 - 2007
PELMED04
800 000
Nb*1000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5
Length (cm)
PELMED05
800 000
Nb*1000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5
Length (cm)
13 13.5 14
14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17
17.5 18 18.5
PELMED06
800 000
Nb*1000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5
Length (cm)
PELMED07
800 000
Nb*1000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10 10.5 11 Length
11.5 12(cm)
12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5
Biomass and landings of sardine
in the gulf of Lion
250000
Biomass
Biom - Sd
200000
Biom + Sd
Biomass and landings(MT)
Landings
150000
100000
50000
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Years
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Pelmed05 - July
Inshore sardine biomass
in the gulf of Lion
Biomass (MT)
120000
100000
Biomass
80000
Biom - Sd
60000
Biom + Sd
40000
20000
2006
2006
2007
2006
2007
2007
2005
2005
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
Years
Offshore sardine biomass
in the gulf of Lion
Biomass (MT)
120000
100000
Biomass
80000
Biom - Sd
60000
Biom + Sd
40000
20000
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
Years
Midwater sardine biomass
in the gulf of Lion
100000
Biomass
80000
Biom - Sd
60000
Biom + Sd
40000
20000
Years
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
0
1993
Biomass (MT)
120000
ANCHOVY - PELMED surveys
Mean weight evolution
25.00
Total
Inshore
Offshore
15.00
10.00
5.00
SARDINE - PELMED surveys
Mean weight evolution
0.00
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years
Total
Inshore
45.00
Offshore
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
MACKEREL - PELMED surveys
Mean weight evolution
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Years
250.00
2005
2006
2007
Total
Inshore
Offshore
200.00
Mean weight (g)
Mean weight (g)
Mean weight (g)
20.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years
Alternative approach for calculation of pelagic biomass
Doing the survey
Protocol is the same :
Do transects,
Collect the energy by ESDU,
Correct the bottom,
Do identification trawls, length frequency, length-weight relationship
Classify fish energy,
Draw homogeneous zones
Processing
assessment
Result
Advantage
Disadvantage
By homogeneous zones
By ESDU
In each zone and by classified energy :
For each ESDU :
Calculate the mean energy,
Attribute a reference haul which is representative of
Choose trawls to calculate the proportion of each
the structure encountered in the ESDU
species in this zone
Calculate a biomass or nb. of individuals for the
Calculate a biomass or nb. of individuals for the
ESDU
entire zone taking into account TS of the species,
mean length, length-weight relationship and area of
each zone
Biomass and nb. of fish in a zone
Assessment with standard error
At this level, not a lot of expert advice
No mapping of resources
Biomass and nb. of fish by ESDU
Mapping of resources
Global assessment without standard error
Necessity of an expert advice for attribution of
hauls
Pelmed06 - Anchovy biomass/ESDU
Pelmed07 - Anchovy biomass/ESDU
Small sardine (<13cm) : total zone
Eval. by ESDU
70000
8
Mean weight index(g)
7.8
60000
50000
7.4
7.2
40000
7
30000
6.8
6.6
20000
6.4
10000
6.2
0
6
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
years
Anchovy : total zone
Big sardine (>=13cm): total zone
Eval. by ESDU
Eval. by ESDU
20
Mean weight index(g)
Eval. by zone
300000
40000
18.5
18
30000
17.5
20000
17
16.5
10000
biomass (MT)
biomass (MT)
19
mean weight index (g)
50000
28
Mean weight index(g)
19.5
250000
27
200000
26
150000
25
100000
24
50000
23
16
0
15.5
2003
2004
2005
Years
2006
2007
0
22
2003
2004
2005
years
2006
2007
mean weight index (g)
Eval. by zone
60000
mean weight index (g)
7.6
biomass (MT)
Comparative evolution between biomass assessed
by ESDU and by homogeneus zones,
mean weight index
Eval. by zone
Pelmed08 - June July
Juvalion07 - December
Anchovy landings in the gulf of Lion
12000
8000
6000
4000
ANCHOVY
2000
?
Years
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
0
1960
Landingss (MT)
10000
Anchovy against sardine biomass
120000
2001
Anchovy biomass
100000
1999
80000
2000
60000
1998
2003
2002
1997
40000
2004
1996
1995
2006
20000
1993
2007
2005
0
0
50000
100000
150000
Sardine biomass
200000
250000
Anchovy biomass in different areas of méditerranean and
atlantic seas
Golfe du Lion
Golfe de Gascogne
140000
Mer d'Alboran
Biomass (MT)
120000
Levante R.
Tramontana R.
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Years
2005
2006
2007
2008
ANCHOVY : Mean catch per day and total effort by year - Sete port
3000
CPUE (Kg per day ± sd)
EFFORT (Total fishing days)
2500
2000
1500
1000
Partial data (3 months)
500
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
YEARS
2005
2006
2007
ANCHOVY : Mean catch per day and total effort by month - Sete port
2500
CPUE (kg/boat day)
2000
1500
Effort
CPUE
1000
500
0
1
7
1
7
1
7
1
7
1
7
1
7
1
7
1
7
2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007
Month/Year
SARDINE: Mean catch per day and total effort by year - Sete port
3000
CPUE (Kg per day ± sd)
EFFORT (Total fishing days)
2500
2000
1500
1000
Partial data (3 months)
500
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
YEARS
2005
2006
2007
SARDINE : Mean catch per day and total effort by month - Sete port
3000
CPUE (kg/boat day)
2500
2000
Effort
CPUE
1500
1000
500
0
1
2000
7
2000
1
2001
7
2001
1
2002
7
2002
1
2003
7
2003
1
2004
7
2004
Month/Year
1
2005
7
2005
1
2006
7
2006
1
2007
7
2007
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14
14.5 15 15.5 16
16.5 17
Length (cm)
Nb (x1000)
2005
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17
Length (cm)
2006
80000
70000
Nb(x1000)
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
Length (cm)
2007
80000
70000
Nb(x1000)
Length structure
for anchovy landed
in the gulf of Lion
Nb (x1000)
2004
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
Length (cm)
2004
60000
40000
20000
0
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
20
20.5
21
Length (cm)
2005
Nb. (x1000)
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
2006
Nb. (x1000)
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
2007
80000
Nb. (x1000)
Length structure
for sardine landed
in the gulf of Lion
Nb. (x1000)
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
Stock assessment of small
pelagics in the Gulf of Lion
• Conclusion
– Small pelagic assessment by acoustic
methodology seems reliable for anchovy and
sardine
– Sardine and anchovy stocks show important
annual fluctuations. Anchovy stock, more
sensitive, has to be follow carefully from
biomass and landing indicators
– Alternative methods for estimating biomass
has to be implemented and compared with
currents one ’s ‘
Small pelagics in the Gulf of Lion
• SCSA management advice and recommendations
– Anchovy
• As biomass estimation for 2005 - 2007 remain lower than
previous years, SCSA recommend to not increase fishing
effort and to follow with a great attention the gradual
changes in all indicators of stock status
– Sardine
• As biomass estimation for 2006 - 2007 remain lower than
2005 one, SCSA recommend to not increase fishing effort,
even if it appears that there could be a strong recruitment
in 2008.
Small pelagics in the Gulf of Lion
• GSCSA scientific recommandations
• For anchovy, as GSA07 is closed to GSA06, a
survey has been done in 2008 from the south of
Ebro to the Gulf of Lion with the aim of assessing
anchovy spawning stock in June-July. A second
survey could be done for estimate recruitment in
November-January in the same area. A strong
cooperation between Spain and France to plan
these surveys would be encouraged
• For anchovy and sardine and with the aim of assess
shared stocks, re-enforce the cooperation between
Spain and France to actualise biological data as
well as catches and effort one ’s for the boats of the
two nations catching this species in the Gulf of Lion