‫ﺕ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ‬
ِ ‫ﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
ِ
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽُﮐﺪ‬
ِ
‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬
Information Technology – Persian
Information Interchange and
Display Mechanism, using Unicode
Final Version
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮﻥ ﻓﻨ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ »ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽُﮐﺪ«‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﺋﯿﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ‪ ،‬ﯾﺤﯿﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻔﻬﺒﺪ ﻣﯿﺮﺣﺴﯿﻦﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﺍﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺭﻧﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭ ﻭﺯﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﯽﺍﺻﻐﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩِ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﯿﻼﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﯿﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩﺑﯿﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﺼﯿﺤﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﯾﻢ‬
‫ﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣٔﻮﺳﺴﻪﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ‪ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﭖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﯾﻒ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫‪ ۱−۳‬ﻣﺘﻦ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫‪ ۲−۳‬ﺧﻂ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫‪ ۳−۳‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪ ۴−۳‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪ ۵−۳‬ﺷﮑﻞ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪ ۷−۳‬ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪۵‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۵‬‬
‫‪ ۱−۵‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۶‬‬
‫‪ ۲−۵‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼِ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۷‬‬
‫‪ ۳−۵‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬
‫‪ ۴−۵‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬
‫‪ ۵−۵‬ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬
‫‪ ۶−۵‬ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱۳‬‬
‫‪ ۷−۵‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱۴‬‬
‫‪ ۸−۵‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱۵‬‬
‫‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱۶‬‬
‫ﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪ ۶−۳‬ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫‪ ۹−۵‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۷‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۸‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ۱−‬ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱۸‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ۲−‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ۳−‬ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩِ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۰‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ۴−‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۲‬‬
‫ﺖﭖ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۳‬‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑﺑﻨﺪﯼ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۴‬‬
‫ﺖﺙ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۵‬‬
‫ﺖﺝ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۶‬‬
‫ﺖﭺ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﮐﺪِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۸‬‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺡ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۳۱‬‬
‫ﺖﺏ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ »ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ« ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺎﻟ‬
‫ﮏ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ« ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﻧﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻂ »ﺷﻮﺭﺍ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ ‪ ۱۳۸۰/۱۲/۱۹‬ﻭ ‪ ۱۳۸۱/۲/۱۸‬ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪﯼ ﻣﻠ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣ ٔﻮﺳﺴﻪﯼ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺭﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺗ ٔﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻨﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎِﺩ ﺑﻨ ِ‬
‫ﮏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﯼ ‪ ۳‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﻣﻠ ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎِﻩ ‪ ۱۳۷۱‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻆ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻠ‬
‫ﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩِ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﯾﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈِﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺿﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻠ ﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﯿ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪1. The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 3.2.0, defined by:‬‬
‫‪The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0, Addison-Wesley, 2000, as amended by the‬‬
‫‪Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode 3.1‬‬
‫)‪(http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr27/‬‬
‫‪and by the Unicode Standard Annex #28: Unicode 3.2‬‬
‫‪(http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr28/).‬‬
‫‪Information Technology – Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Char-‬‬
‫‪2. ISO 10646-1:2000‬‬
‫‪acter Set (UCS) – Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.‬‬
3. Dave Ragget, Arnaud Le Hors, Ian Jacobs, “HTML 4.01 Specification”, World Wide
Web Consortium, December 1999.
4. Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler, “Extensible Markup
Language (XML) 1.0”, World Wide Web Consortium, Second Edition, October 2000.
5. Martin J. Dürst, François Yergeau, Richard Ishida, Misha Wolf, Asmus Freytag, Tex
Texin, “Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0”, World Wide Web Consortium, Working Draft, April 2002.
.‫ ﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬۸ ِ‫ ُﮐﺪِ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬۱۳۷۲ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﻣﻠ‬.۶
ِ ‫ ﺳﺎ‬:۳۳۴۲ ‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
ِ
ِ
ُ
.‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﻣﻠ‬.۷
ِ ‫ ﮐﺪِ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎ‬۱۳۶۷ ‫ﻝ‬
ِ ‫ ﺳﺎ‬:۲۹۰۰ ‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
ِ
.‫ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ‬۱۳۵۱ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﻣﻠ‬.۸
ِ ‫ ﺳﺎ‬:۸۲۰ ‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
ِ
.۱۳۷۸ ،‫ﺏ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
ِ ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﻮِﺭ ﺧ‬.۹
ِ ‫ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎﻥِ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺩ‬،‫ﻂ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
.۱۳۷۲ ،‫ ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶِ ﺩﻭﻡ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﮐِﺰ ﻧﺸِﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬،‫ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬.۱۰
،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ ﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﮐ ِﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬،«‫ ﻧﺘﺎﯾ ﺞ ﭘﺮ ﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗ ﯽ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬.۱۱
ِ
ِ
ِ
.۱۳۸۱ ‫ ﺗﺎ‬۱۳۷۷ ،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ )‪ (Unicode‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﺍﯼ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻝ ﺍﻃ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳ ﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧ ﻪ ﻣ ﺸ ﺨﺺ ﻣ ﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐ ﻪ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺭ ﻭﺷ ﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻞ ‪ HTML‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﭘﯿﺶﻓﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻭﺯﯼ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺛﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫‪ XML‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪﯼ‬
‫ﻝ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠ‬
‫ﻥ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮐﻢ ﺷﺪ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺷﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﻨﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻦﺁﻭﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭِﺩ ‪ ۸‬ﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ُﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎِﺭ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻁ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﯼ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻦ ُﮐ ِ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗ ٔﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ UTF-8 :‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮِﺩ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫‪ ۸‬ﺑ ﯿ ﺘ ﯽ )ﻣ ﻨ ﺎﺳ ﺐ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻣ ﺤ ﯿ ﻂﻫ ﺎﯼ ﻣ ﺒ ﺘ ﻨ ﯽ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ‪ ،ASCII‬ﺍﺯ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﻪ ﺍﯾ ﻨ ﺘ ﺮﻧ ﺖ(‪ UTF-16 ،‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻣ ﺤﯿ ﻂﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۱۶‬ﺑﯿﺘ ﯽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪ UTF-32‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻣ ﺤﯿ ﻂﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۳۲‬ﺑﯿﺘ ﯽ‪ .‬ﻋ ﻼﻭﻩ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﮐﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺺ ُﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﻣ ﻼً ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠ ﯽ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﯿ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻞ ‪ ۱‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﺪِﺩ ﯾﮑﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۰‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۱’۱۱۴’۱۱۱‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑ ﻪ ‪ ۱۷‬ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﻪﯼ ‪ ۶۵’۵۳۶‬ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﺍﯼ ﺗ ﻘ ﺴ ﯿ ﻢ ﻣ ﯽﺷ ﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﻪﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﻪﯼ ﭘ ﺎﯾ ﻪ ﻧ ﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮐ ﺜ ِﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻧﺪﻩﯼ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻖ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻓ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﺎِﻡ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ( ﺗ ﻬ ﯿ ﻪ ﺷ ﺪﻩ ﺍﺳ ﺖ ﻭ ﻗ ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ )ﺻ ﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻝﺧ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺯﺑ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻧ ﻮﺷ ﺘ ﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣ ﺎﺿ ﺮ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﺗ ﺒ ﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺩﺍﯾﺮﻩﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻥِ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻞﻗﻮﻝﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺭ ﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪﯼ ﻓﻨ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺵ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﮐﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻼ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣ ﺎﺿﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟ ﯿﻦ ﺟﻠﺴ ﻪﯼ ﮐﻤ ﯿ ﺘ ﻪﯼ ﻣﻠ ﯽِ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺼﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ‪ 3.2‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﯾ ﺦ ‪ ۱۳۸۱/۱/۷‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖِ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﯼ ﻋﺎﻟ ﯽ ﺍﻧﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏِ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ »ﺭﯾﺎﻝ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﮐ ﺪِ ‪ ،U+FDFC‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺻﺤﯿ ﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽُﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻦ ﺷ ﯿ ﻮﻩﯼ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺻ ﺤ ﯿ ﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽُﮐ ﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗ ﻌ ﯿ ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻫ ﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗ ﺪﻭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﻭ ﻗ ﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧ ﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐ ﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿ ﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﯽ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﯽ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﯼ ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺯﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱِ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧ ِ‬
‫• ﻧﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻭ ُﮐ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝِ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫• ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠ ِ‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﮐﺮﺩﻥِ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮِ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩِ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫• ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﺷﮑﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺕ ﮐﻢﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫• ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼِ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫• ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻼﺵِ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥﭼﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻬﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑِ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺸ ﺨﺼﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫ ﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑ ﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺯﮔ ﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾ ﺎ ﺗﻐ ﯿ ﯿ ِﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚِ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ )ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ( ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﻥﭼﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾ ﻦِ ﻗﺴﻤ ﺖِ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﺷﺪﻥِ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﭘ ﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻫ ﯿ ﭻﮔ ﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻧ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺯﮔ ﺎﺭﯼﺍﯼ ﺑ ﺎ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﮎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺧﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﮐﺮﺩﯼ ﻭ ‪ . . .‬ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻂﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬
‫ﮎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺣﺎﻭ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺭﺍﺗﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟ ﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺭﯾ ﺦ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺣﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻌﺪ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﮎ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻊﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺫﯼﻧﻔ‬
‫ﮎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣ ﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮِﺩ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻊ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈ ِﺮ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﯾ ﺦ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻊ ﺑﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩِ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪1. The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, available from‬‬
‫‪http://www.unicode.org/‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬
2. Mark Davis, “The Unicode Standard Annex #9, The Bidirectional Algorithm”,
available from http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr9/
3. Mark Davis, “The Unicode Standard Annex #13, Unicode Newline Guidelines”,
available from http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr13/
4. Mark Davis, Martin Dürst, “The Unicode Standard Annex #15, Unicode
Normalization Forms”, available from
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
5. François Yergeau, “UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646”, RFC 2279,
January 1998, available from http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt
6. Paul Hoffman, François Yergeau, “UTF-16, an encoding of ISO 10646”, RFC 2781,
February 2000, available from http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2781.txt
7. Mark Davis, “Unicode Standard Annex #19, UTF-32”,
available from http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr19/
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﯾﻒ‬
۳
:‫ﻒ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‬
ِ ‫ﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﯾ‬/‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
۱−۳
ً
text ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑ ِﺮ‬.‫ﻦ ﮐﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ »ﻣﺘﻦ« ﻣﺘ‬
.‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻂ‬
۲−۳
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑ ِﺮ‬.‫ﺕ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
ِ ‫»ﺧﻂ« ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻠﻤﺎ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‬script
۳
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫‪۳−۳‬‬
‫ﻞ ﺁﻥ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ character‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫»ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ« ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪِ ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫‪۴−۳‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫»ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ« ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ character set‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
‫‪۵−۳‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﯼ‬
‫»ﺷﮑﻞ« ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ glyph‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۶−۳‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺍﯼ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑ ِﺮ ‪ plain text‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ« ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫»ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪۷−۳‬‬
‫ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺹ ﯾﮏﺑﻪﯾﮏِ ﮐﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ encode‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫»ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ« ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ‪ U+n‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ n‬ﯾﮏ ﻋﺪِﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﯾﺎ ُﮐ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ‪ A‬ﺗﺎ ‪) F‬ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾ ﻦِ ‪۱۰‬‬
‫ﻦ ‪ 0‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،9‬ﻭ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻻﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻗﺎِﻡ ﻻﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ‪ (۱۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺪِﺩ ‪ n‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺷﺮ ﻭﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﻼً‪ U+12345 ،U+1234 ،U+0123 ،U+0012 ،U+0001 :‬ﻭ ‪ .U+102345‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ‪ U+‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﻣﻤﯿﺰِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ــ ‪ُ U+066B‬ﮐﺪِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐ ِ‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻞ ‪ U+x..U+y‬ﯾﺎ ‪ x..y‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕ ِﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﯼ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣ ﻞِ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺧِﺮ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ــ ‪ U+0900..U+097F‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞِ ‪ُ ۱۲۸‬ﮐ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞِ ‪ U+x, U+y, . . . , U+z‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ُﮐ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎِﺩ ‪ U+‬ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺰﻭﻣ ﺎً ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﯼ ﺩﻗﯿ‬
‫ﻖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴ ﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮِﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪۵‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩِ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻗﯿﻘ ﺎً ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧ ﯽ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺫﮐﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻗﯿﻘ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟ ﺎ ﮐ ﻪ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻣﻌ ﻨ ﺎﯼ ﭼ ﻨ ﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺸ ﺨﺼﯽ ﺑ ﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬
‫‪۵‬‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻼﻑِ ﺁﻥ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩِ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕ ﺮِ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﺑِﺮﯾﻞ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬
‫‪۱−۵‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫‪000A‬‬
‫ﺳﻄِﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫‪LF‬‬
‫‪000D‬‬
‫ﺳِﺮ ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫‪CR‬‬
‫‪200C‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫‪200D‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫‪ZWJ‬‬
‫‪200E‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪LRM‬‬
‫‪200F‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫‪RLM‬‬
‫*‪2028‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪LS‬‬
‫*‪2029‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪PS‬‬
‫*‪202A‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪LRE‬‬
‫*‪202B‬‬
‫ﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫‪RLE‬‬
‫*‪202C‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥِ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫‪PDF‬‬
‫*‪202D‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪LRO‬‬
‫*‪202E‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫‪RLO‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐِ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫‪BOM‬‬
‫‪FEFF‬‬
‫‪ZWNJ‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟ ﺐِ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﺮﺩﻥِ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻥ ﺑ ﺎ ﻗ ﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺴ ﺘ ﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﺑﺴ ﺘ ﺮِ ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،CR ،LF‬ﯾ ﺎ ‪ CR, LF‬ﺍﺳ ﺘﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳ ﺘﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ LS‬ﻭ ‪ PS‬ﺩﺭ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ UTF-8‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺻﺤﯿ ﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ﺖِ ﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۶‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻭ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝِ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺏ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎﯼ ‪ ،LRO ،PDF ،RLE ،LRE ،RLM ،LRM‬ﻭ ‪ RLO‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟ ﮕ ﻮﺭﯾ ﺘ ﻢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۴‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ‪ BOM‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ UTF-16‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ UTF-32‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ UTF-8‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺍً ﻧﻬﯽ‬
‫ﺖﭖ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﺻ ﺪِ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲−۵‬‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0020‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫‪002E‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪003A‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪0021‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫!‬
‫*‪2026‬‬
‫ﺳﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫*‪2010‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪002D‬‬
‫ﺗﯿﺮﻩﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪007C‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫|‬
‫‪002F‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪005C‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐِ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫\‬
‫‪002A‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫∗‬
‫‪۷‬‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0028‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫)‬
‫‪0029‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫(‬
‫‪005B‬‬
‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫]‬
‫‪005D‬‬
‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫[‬
‫‪007B‬‬
‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫}‬
‫‪007D‬‬
‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫{‬
‫‪00AB‬‬
‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫»‬
‫‪00BB‬‬
‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫«‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻥ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ« ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﺎً ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﮐﺴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞِ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ »ﻣﻤﯿﺰِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« )‪ (U+066B‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪= ۰ ۲۵‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪۱ ۴= ۱+‬‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬
‫= ‪۱/۴‬‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸ ﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ )ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻔﻦِ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹِ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻔﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ﻞِ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿ ِ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻞ »)« ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﻼ »ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ« )‪ (U+0028‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﺷﮑﻞِ »(« ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮ ﻭﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ »ﺗ ﯿ ﺮﻩﻣ ﻨ ﻬ ﺎ« ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻣ ﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﺑ ﻪ ﮐ ﺎﺭ ﻣ ﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ ﮐ ﻪ ﺗ ﻔ ﮑ ﯿ ﮏِ »ﺧ ﻂِ ﺗ ﯿ ﺮﻩ«‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ‬
‫)‪ (U+2010‬ﺍﺯ »ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ« )‪ (U+2212‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟ ﺐِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮﺩﻥِ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ‪ U+2010‬ﯾﺎ ‪ U+2212‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪۸‬‬
‫‪۳−۵‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫‪۴−۵‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪060C‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫‪061B‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫؛‬
‫‪061F‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳٔﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫؟‬
‫‪0640‬‬
‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۴‬ـــ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06F0‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۰‬‬
‫‪06F1‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪06F2‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫‪06F3‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫‪06F4‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪06F5‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۵‬‬
‫‪06F6‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺶ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06F7‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻔﺖ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۷‬‬
‫‪06F8‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۸‬‬
‫‪06F9‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬
‫‪066B‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿِﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫‪٫‬‬
‫‪066C‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫’‬
‫‪۹‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۴‬ـــ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪066A‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻ ِ‬
‫‪٪‬‬
‫‪002B‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﻪﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪00D7‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺿﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫×‬
‫*‪00F7‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫÷‬
‫‪003C‬‬
‫ﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫<‬
‫‪003D‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫=‬
‫‪003E‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬
‫>‬
‫*‪2212‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ »ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ« ﻭ »ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ ﺑﺰ ﺭﮔﺘﺮ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿ ﺖِ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﺎﻥِ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫‪۵−۵‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۵‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0621‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪0622‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺁ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺁ‬
‫‪0627‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪0623‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍٔ‬
‫‪0628‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪067E‬‬
‫ﭖ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭖ‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۵‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪062A‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫‪062B‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫‪062C‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫‪0686‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭺ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﭺ‬
‫‪062D‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺡ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪062E‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺥ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺥ‬
‫‪062F‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪0630‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺫﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫‪0631‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫‪0632‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺯ‬
‫‪0698‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﮊ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮊ‬
‫‪0633‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫‪0634‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺵ‬
‫‪0635‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪0636‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺿﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫‪0637‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻃﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫‪0638‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻇﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻅ‬
‫‪0639‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪063A‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻏﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻍ‬
‫‪0641‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫‪0642‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫‪۱۱‬‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۵‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06A9‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮎ‬
‫‪06AF‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮔﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮒ‬
‫‪0644‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻻﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ‬
‫‪0645‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪0646‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫‪0648‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪0624‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ٔﻭ‬
‫‪0647‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﻫ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻫ‬
‫‪06CC‬‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫‪0626‬‬
‫ﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ٔ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪ U+0622‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ‪ U+0627, U+0653‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽِ ﺁ« ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﻼً »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺖﺙ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﮑ ﻞِ ﺗﮏﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ«‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑ ﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫ ﺎﯼ »ﻋ«‪» ،‬ﻌ«‪» ،‬ﻊ« ﻭ »ﻉ« ﺩﯾ ﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞﻫ ﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾ ﺘ ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼ ﺎﻝِ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﻌ ﯿ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ﺖِ ﺏ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۲‬‬
‫‪۶−۵‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۶‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪0625‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫*‪0671‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫*‪0643‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫‪0629‬‬
‫ﺕ ﮔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫*‪064A‬‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪0649‬‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ« ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽِ ﮐﺎﻑ« ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ« ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯼ« ﺑﻪﻫﯿﭻ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑ‬
‫ﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﯾﺎ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﺧﺎﺹِ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝِ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ﻞِ ﺩﺭﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪» .‬ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﻫﯿﭻﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭ‬
‫»ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪» .‬ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺳﺮﮐﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩِ ﻋﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﺷﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾﺮﺵ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯼ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪» .‬ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۳‬‬
‫‪۷−۵‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۷‬ـــ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪064E‬‬
‫ﺯﺑَِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﻓﺘﺤﻪ(‬
‫‪0650‬‬
‫ﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﮐﺴﺮﻩ(‬
‫‪064F‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺿﻤﻪ(‬
‫ﭘﯿ ِ‬
‫‪064B‬‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﺑَِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫‪064D‬‬
‫ﻦ ﺟﺮ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫‪064C‬‬
‫ﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ(‬
‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺩﻭﭘﯿ ِ‬
‫‪0651‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫‪0652‬‬
‫ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﮐ ِ‬
‫*‪0653‬‬
‫‪0654‬‬
‫*‪0655‬‬
‫‪0670‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺧﺎﺻﯿ ﺖِ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴ ﺐِ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﯾﺎ ﺯﯾ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺖﺏ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺗ ٔﺎﺛﯿ ﺮِ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ« ﻭ »ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ« ﺭ ﻭﯼ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯼ«‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫»ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺶ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐِ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐِ »ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﻭ »ﺯﯾﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥِ »ﺯﯾﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾِﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾِﺮ »ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۴‬‬
‫‪۸−۵‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺗﻌﺮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۸‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06C0‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻩ ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ٔﻩ‬
‫‪0660‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔِﺮ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۰‬‬
‫‪0661‬‬
‫ﮏ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﯾ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪0662‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩِﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫‪0663‬‬
‫ﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫‪0664‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﭼﻬﺎِﺭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0665‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪0666‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗ‬
‫ﻢﺷ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۶‬‬
‫‪0667‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﻔ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۷‬‬
‫‪0668‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﺸ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۸‬‬
‫‪0669‬‬
‫ﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻘ ﻂِ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬
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‫ﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ‪ U+06C0‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻫ « )‪ (U+0647‬ﺑ ﻪﻫ ﻤ ﺮﺍﻩِ »ﻫ ﻤ ﺰﻩﯼ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻋ ﺒ ﺎﺭﺍﺗ ﯽ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞِ »ﺧ ﺎﻧ ٔﻪ ﻣ ﺎ« ﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ »ﺣ ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻧ ﻮﺷ ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ« )‪ (U+0654‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
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‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0647, 0654‬ﯾﺎ ‪ 0647, 0654, 200C‬ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۵‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ )‪ (U+0660..U+0669‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
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‫ﻥ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺷﺶِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅِ ﺟﻬﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ِ‬
‫‪۹−۵‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ‬
‫ﻥ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ‬
‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﻮﺷﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱِ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۶‬‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺕ ﺟﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻔﺎﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺧﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻧﻮﺷﺘ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺭ ﻭﺑﻪﺭ ﻭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
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‫ﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻫ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐِ ﻗﺎﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺶ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻗﯿﻘ ﺎً ﺍﺯ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
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‫ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ »ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ«‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑِ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫ﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬ ﺖِ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮ ﻭﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼِ ﺿﻤﻨﯽﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪۱‬‬
‫ﻝ ﺟﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺶ ‪ ۱−۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺼﺤﯿ‬
‫ﺢ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺨ ِ‬
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‫ﺕ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﯼِ ﻣﺘﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﯼ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ( ﻧﺎﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۷‬‬
‫ﺖﺏ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬
‫ﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ َﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿِﺮ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
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‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
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‫ﭘﯿﹽﯿﺪﻩﺗﺮﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﺜﻼً ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂِ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﭘ ﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ ﻢ ﺩﻭﺟ ﻬﺘ ﻪ ﺍﻧ ﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﯾﺎ‬
‫ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧ ﻈ ﺮ ﮔ ﺮﻓﺘ ِ‬
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‫ِ‬
‫ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯿﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
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‫ﺏ‪۱−‬‬
‫ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺗ ٔﺎﺛﯿِﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿِﺮ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
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‫ﺕ ﮔ ﺮﺩ«‪ .‬ﺑ ﺎ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟ ﻒ«‪» ،‬ﺩﺍﻝ«‪ِ» ،‬ﺭ«‪» ،‬ﻭﺍﻭ«‪ ،‬ﻭ » ِ‬
‫• ﺭﺍﺳ ﺖﻭﺻ ﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺷ ﮑ ﻠ ﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗ ﺒ ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪ R‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪ D‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺏ«‪» ،‬ﺟﯿﻢ«‪» ،‬ﺳﯿﻦ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺻﺎﺩ«‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻞ» ِ‬
‫• ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ«‪ .‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ« ﻭ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫• ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪ C‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿ ِﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۸‬‬
‫ﻞ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻭ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿ ِﺮ‬
‫• ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻫﻤﺰﻩ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺋ ﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
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‫ﻑ ‪ U‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺧﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫• ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻑ‪T‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ«‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫»ﺯَﺑﺮ«‪» ،‬ﺩﻭﺯَﺑﺮ«‪» ،‬ﺳﮑﻮﻥ«‪» ،‬ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻ ﻄ ﻼﺡ »ﻣﺘﺼ ﻞﺑ ﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻ ﻞ« ﻭ »ﻭﺍﺻ ﻞ«؛ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻ ﻄ ﻼﺡ‬
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‫»ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ«‪» ،‬ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻭﺍﺻﻞ« ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﯼ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐ ﻪ‬
‫ﺱ ﭘ ﺮ ﻭﻧ ﺪﻩﯼ ‪ ArabicShaping.txt‬ﺍﺯ ﭘ ﺮ ﻭﻧ ﺪﻩﻫ ﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺪ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ‬
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‫‪http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ArabicShaping.txt‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻭ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝِ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿِﺮ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻑ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎﻭﺭ )ﻣ ﺜ ﻼً ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﻤ ﻪﯼ »ﺧ ﺎﻧ ﻪﻫ ﺎ«(‪ ،‬ﯾ ﺎ‬
‫ﻝ ﺩﻭﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴ ﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻤ ﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻣﺨﻔ ﻒِ »ﻫﺠﺮﯼِ ﺷﻤﺴﯽ«(‬
‫ﻝ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ )ﻣﺜ ﻼً ﺩﺭ »ﻫ‪ .‬ﺵ‪ ،«.‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏِ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑ ﻞِ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪۲−‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﺸﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ »ﺍﻭﻝ«‪،‬‬
‫»ﻭﺳﻂ«‪» ،‬ﺁﺧﺮ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ« ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻭ ﺷﮑﻞِ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﻭ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
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‫‪ .۱‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺷﻔﺎﻑ« ﺭﻓﺘﺎِﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟ ﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
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‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻑ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﻏﯿِﺮ ﺷﻔﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖِ ﭼﭗ‪(.‬‬
‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫»ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .۳‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞِ »ﻭﺳﻂ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .۴‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .۵‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺍﻭﻝ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫‪ .۶‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞِ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﺻ ﻮﺭﺗ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻭﻟ ﯿ ﻦ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ ﻏ ﯿ ِﺮ»ﺷ ﻔ ﺎﻑ« ﺳ ﻄ ﺮ ﯾ ﺎ ﺑ ﻨ ﺪِ ﺧ ﻮﺩ ﺑ ﺎﺷ ﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ﺖِ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻓﺎﺻﻞ« ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ‬
‫ﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖِ ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻓﺎﺻﻞ« ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﯿِﺮ»ﺷﻔﺎﻑ« ﺳﻄﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻨ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ ﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‪۳−‬‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﯼ ‪ ArabicShaping.txt‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﯼِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ArabicShaping.txt‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺷ ﮑ ﻞﭘ ﺬﯾ ﺮﯼ ﮐ ﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﺁﺧ ﺮﯾ ﻦ ﻧ ﺴ ﺨ ﻪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳ ﺖﺭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺗ ﺪﻭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۵−۵‬ﻭ ‪ ۶−۵‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪۲۰‬‬
‫ﻝ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۹‬ـــ ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫»ﺁ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟﻒ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪ALEF‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪BEH‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺙ«‬
‫ﺕ«‪ ،‬ﻭ » ِ‬
‫ﭖ«‪ِ » ،‬‬
‫» ِ‬
‫ﺏ«‪ِ » ،‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪HAH‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﺟﯿﻢ«‪» ،‬ﭺ«‪» ،‬ﺡ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺥ«‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫‪DAL‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﺩﺍﻝ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺫﺍﻝ«‬
‫ِﺭ‬
‫‪REH‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ِﺭ«‪ِ» ،‬ﺯ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ِﮊ«‬
‫ﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫‪SEEN‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﺳﯿﻦ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺷﯿﻦ«‬
‫ﺻﺎﺩ‬
‫‪SAD‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﺻﺎﺩ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺿﺎﺩ«‬
‫ﻃﺎ‬
‫‪TAH‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﻃﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻇﺎ«‬
‫ﻋﯿﻦ‬
‫‪AIN‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﻋﯿﻦ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻏﯿﻦ«‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪FEH‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻑ«‬
‫» ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻑ‬
‫‪QAF‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﻗﺎﻑ«‬
‫ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫‪KAF‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ«‬
‫»ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﮔﺎﻑ‬
‫‪GAF‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﮐﺎﻑ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﮔﺎﻑ«‬
‫ﻻﻡ‬
‫‪LAM‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﻻﻡ«‬
‫ﻣﯿﻢ‬
‫‪MEEM‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﻣﯿﻢ«‬
‫ﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫‪NOON‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﻧﻮﻥ«‬
‫ﻭﺍﻭ‬
‫‪WAW‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ِﻫ‬
‫‪HEH‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻭﺻﻞ«‬
‫ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪TEH MARBUTA‬‬
‫‪YEH‬‬
‫»ﻭﺍﻭ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‬
‫»ِﻫ«‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫»ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ«‬
‫ﯼ«‪» ،‬ﯼِ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪» ،‬ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ«‪،‬‬
‫» ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭ »ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ«‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖِ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﯼ ‪ ArabicShaping.txt‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲۱‬‬
‫ﺏ‪۴−‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻝ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﺮﻓﯽﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻢ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﮑﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ » « ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ» ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻻ«‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻑ« ﻭ » ِ‬
‫ﯼ« ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻝ »ﺍﻟﻒ« )‪ (ALEF‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝ »ﻻﻡ« )‪ (LAM‬ﻭ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺩﻭﻣﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎِﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ِﺍﻋﻤﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .۱‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺷﻔﺎﻑ« ﺭﻓﺘﺎِﺭ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻭﺳﻂ«‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﯼ »ﻻﻡﺍﻟﻒ« ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﭼﭙﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺍﻭﻝ«‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ .۳‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﯼ »ﻻﻡﺍﻟﻒ« ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﭼﭙﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮِﺭ ﭘﯿﺸﻔﺮﺽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .۴‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﯿ ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎﺯﯼ« ﻗ ﺮﺍﺭ ﮔ ﯿ ﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻ ﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺑ ﻮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﯾ ﮏ ﯾ ﺎ ﭼ ﻨ ﺪ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ »ﺍﺗ ﺼ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟ ﯿ ﮕ ﺎﺗ ﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻠ‬
‫ﻢ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻞ ﻋﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫‪ .۵‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ«‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻟﺎ« ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ﺑﯿ ﻦِ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲۲‬‬
‫ﺖﭖ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬
‫ﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ‪ ،UTF-16 ،UTF-8‬ﻭ ‪ ،UTF-32‬ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮﺷﺎﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ (UTF-16‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً ‪ ،UTF-16LE‬ﺣﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑ ﺮﺩﻫ ﺎﯾ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗ ﺎﻟ ﺐﻫ ﺎﯼ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪﯼ ﺧ ﺮ ﻭﺟ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽﺩﻫ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾ ﺎ ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﯼ ﻗ ﺒ ﻮﻝ ﻣ ﯽﮐ ﻨ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﻮﻇ ﻔ ﻨ ﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ،UTF-16 ،UTF-8‬ﻭ ‪ ،UTF-32‬ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،RFC 2781 ،RFC 2279‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺿ ﻤ ﯿ ﻤ ﻪﯼ ‪ ۱۹‬ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪ ﭘ ﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐ ﻨ ﻨ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻ ﻮﺭﺗ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑ ﺮﺩﻫ ﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗ ﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ‪ U+FEFF‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻥ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﺶ ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪۱۵‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫‪۲۳‬‬
‫ﺖﺕ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑﺑﻨﺪﯼ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱِ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۱۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ« )‪ (U+2028‬ﻭ »ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ«‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘِﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪ (U+2029‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺹ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﺮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ ِ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ‪ ،U+000D ،U+000A‬ﯾﺎ ‪ U+000D, U+000A‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲۴‬‬
‫ﺖﺙ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ‬
‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ(‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭ ﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﺜﻼً ﮐﻠﻤﻪﯼ »ﻣٔﻮﻣﻦ« ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫»ﻭﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ« ُﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ(‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮِﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۱۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝِ ‪(Normalizaion Form C) C‬‬
‫ﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﺮّﺟﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺴﺮﺳﯿﻮﻡ ‪ ،World Wide Web‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ HTML‬ﻭ ‪ ،XML‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ »ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻧ ﺮﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ،«C‬ﻧﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫﺎﯾ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﻣ ﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑ ﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻣ ﺨﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪﯼ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﺣ ﺎﻟ ﺖﻫ ﺎﯾ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﭼ ﻨ ﺪ ﻋ ﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺗ ﮏﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﺍﯼ ﮐ ﺪﮔ ﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻣ ﯽﺷ ﻮﻧ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺑ ﻪﻋ ﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﺮﺗ ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭ ﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺣﺮﻑِ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘ ﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯ« ﺭﺍ ﺗ ﺸ ﺨﯿﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃ ﻼﻉ ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘ ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﻪ ﻓﺼ ﻞﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫ ﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧ ﻨ ﺪ ﻻﯾ ﻪﻫ ﺎﯼ ﺑ ﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ »ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ« ﺭﺍ ﻧ ﯿﺰ ﭘﺸ ﺘ ﯿ ﺒ ﺎﻧﯽ ﮐ ﻨ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺜ ﻼً‬
‫ﯼ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ‬
‫ﯼ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﯿ ﻦِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﮐﺎﻑ« ﻭ »ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ«‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿ ﻦِ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ » ِ‬
‫ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ« ﻭ »ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۲۵‬‬
‫ﺖﺝ‬
ِ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
(‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ‬
right-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‬information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬Cursive Joining Algorithm . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
ِ
subtext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬Bidirectional Algorithm . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‬
ِ
data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
insert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬
ideographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭ‬
device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬octet/byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺖ‬
dual-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﻠﻮﮎ‬
conformant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺳﻄﺮ‬processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬
line-breaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺳﻄﺮﺷﮑﻨﯽ‬file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬
transparent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‬support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬
glyph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞ‬conform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬
final form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺁﺧﺮ‬interchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬
initial form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺍﻭﻝ‬visual order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐِ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬
isolated form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
logical order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿ‬
presentation form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬left-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭼﭗﻭﺻﻞ‬
medial form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻭﺳﻂ‬delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬
Basic Multilingual Plane . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ‬script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺧﻂ‬
۲۶
character set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
non-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬
environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬
sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬
encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ‬transformation format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐِ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬
display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬
document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ‬font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﯽﻋﺮﺽ‬/‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ُﮐﺪ‬
combining/non-spacing character . . . . . . . . . . . . .
private use character . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ‬to encode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ُﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬
base letter/character . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ‬ligature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
control character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬
plain text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﻦِ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
join-causing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‬
left join-causing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
edit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶ‬
right join-causing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
۲۷
‫ﺖﭺ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮐِ‬
‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ(‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪007B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪0623 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪007D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺏِ ‪0628 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝِ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ ‪200D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭖِ ‪067E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‪0670. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺕِ ‪062A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥِ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ ‪202C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺙِ ‪062B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ‪0028 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﻢ ‪062C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪0029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭺ ‪0686 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺡ ‪062D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺶِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺿﻤﻪ(‪064F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪0651 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺥ ‪062E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ ‪062F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪2029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺫﺍﻝ ‪0630 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ‪2028 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭِ ‪0631 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪066C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺯِ ‪0632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ‪0625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮊِ ‪0698 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻭﺻﻞ ‪0671 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻦ ‪0633 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ ‪0629 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻦ ‪0634 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺁ ‪0622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﺎﺩ‪0635 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪0627 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺿﺎﺩ‪0636 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺗﯿﺮﻩﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪002D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪۲۸‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻃﺎ ‪0637 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺟﺮ( ‪064D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻇﺎ ‪ 0638 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪003A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ‪ 0639 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ ‪06F5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻏﯿﻦ‪ 063A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ‪06F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻑِ ‪ 0641 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻭ ‪06F2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺎﻑ ‪ 0642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ ‪06F3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ ‪ 06A9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺶ ‪06F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮔﺎﻑ ‪ 06AF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ ‪06F0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻻﻡ ‪ 0644 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻪ ‪06F9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﻢ ‪ 0645 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ ‪06F8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻮﻥ ‪ 0646 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻔﺖ‪06F7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ‪ 0648 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‪06F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪0624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﻓﺘﺤﻪ( ‪064E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫِ ‪0647 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﮐﺴﺮﻩ( ‪0650 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ ‪ 0621 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪202D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯼِ ‪ 06CC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ‪202E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪ 0626 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪202A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ‪ 0643 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ‪202B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪0649 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪0652 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﮐ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 064A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ‪002A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺧﻂِ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ ‪002F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺳﺮِ ﺳﻄﺮ ‪000D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐِ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ ‪005C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮِ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪000A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺧﻂِ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ ‪ 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺳﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ‪2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺧﻂِ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ‪ 007C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪0020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪ 066A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ ‪200C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺭﻓﻊ( ‪ 064C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪005B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﭘﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ( ‪ 064B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪005D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫‪۲۹‬‬
‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪ 0640 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪2212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪00AB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪0653 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻣِ‬
‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪ 00BB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻣﻤﯿِﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪066B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ ‪FEFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﺰ ﺭﮔﺘﺮ‪ 003E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﻪﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ 002B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪200E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ‪ 0021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ‪200F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ‪ 00F7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪002E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪061B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪ 061F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳٔﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺿﺮﺏ ‪00D7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪060C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ‪ 003C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪0654 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ‪ 003D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ‪0655 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۳۰‬‬
‫ﺖﺡ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ(‬
‫ﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﺐﮐِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪000A‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮِ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫‪007B‬‬
‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫‪000D‬‬
‫ﺳِﺮ ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫‪007C‬‬
‫ﺧﻂِ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬
‫‪0020‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫‪007D‬‬
‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪0021‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫‪00AB‬‬
‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫‪0028‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫‪00BB‬‬
‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪0029‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪00D7‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺿﺮﺏ‬
‫‪002A‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫*‪00F7‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫‪002B‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﻪﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫‪060C‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫‪002D‬‬
‫ﺗﯿﺮﻩﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪061B‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫‪002E‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪061F‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳٔﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫‪002F‬‬
‫ﺧﻂِ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ‬
‫‪0621‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪003A‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪0622‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺁ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪003C‬‬
‫ﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫‪0623‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪003D‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫‪0624‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪003E‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺑﺰ ﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫*‪0625‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫‪005B‬‬
‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫‪0626‬‬
‫ﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪005C‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾ ِ‬
‫‪0627‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪005D‬‬
‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪0628‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۳۱‬‬
‫‪0629‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫*‪0649‬‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪062A‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪064A‬‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪062B‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪064B‬‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫‪062C‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﻢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪064C‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺭﻓﻊ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﭘﯿ ِ‬
‫‪062D‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺡ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺥ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪064D‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺟﺮ(‬
‫‪064E‬‬
‫ﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﻓﺘﺤﻪ(‬
‫‪062F‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪064F‬‬
‫ﭘﯿﺶِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺿﻤﻪ(‬
‫‪0630‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺫﺍﻝ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0650‬‬
‫ﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﮐﺴﺮﻩ(‬
‫‪0631‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0651‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫‪0632‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺯ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0652‬‬
‫ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﮐ ِ‬
‫‪0633‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪0653‬‬
‫‪0634‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0654‬‬
‫‪0635‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﺎﺩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪0655‬‬
‫‪0636‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺿﺎﺩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪066A‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻ ِ‬
‫‪0637‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻃﺎ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪066B‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿِﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫‪0638‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻇﺎ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪066C‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫‪0639‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0670‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫‪063A‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻏﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪0671‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫‪0640‬‬
‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪067E‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭖ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪0641‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0686‬‬
‫‪0642‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺎﻑ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0698‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭺ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﮊ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪0643‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫‪06A9‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0644‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻻﻡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06AF‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮔﺎﻑ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0645‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﻢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06CC‬‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0646‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06F0‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0647‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﻫ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06F1‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪0648‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06F2‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪062E‬‬
‫‪۳۲‬‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪06F3‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪2010‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬
‫‪06F4‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪2026‬‬
‫ﺳﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‬
‫‪06F5‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪2028‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪06F6‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺶ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪2029‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪06F7‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻔﺖ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪202A‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪06F8‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪202B‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫‪06F9‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫*‪202C‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎ ِ‬
‫‪200C‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫*‪202D‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪200D‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫*‪202E‬‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫‪200E‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫*‪2212‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫‪200F‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫‪FEFF‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖِ ﮐﺪِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻮﺩ ِ‬
‫‪۳۳‬‬