Mrs. Umbarger
Adv. Biology
EP Final– 1
Name
Date
Per.
1. Which of the following statement about the properties of life is false?
a. All organisms have the ability to take in energy and use it.
b. All organisms have the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment.
c. All organisms have the ability to reproduce.
d. All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature.
2. The tree in your backyard is home to 2 cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp’s nest, 2 squirrels, and
millions of bacteria. Together all of these organisms represent
a. a species
b. a community
c. a population
d. an ecosystem
3. Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking
for a cell that
a. has a nucleus
b. has a membrane but no membrane bound organelles
c. makes up most of the tissue of your body
d. is much larger than most cells in your body
4. The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is
a. wind
b. sunlight
c. electricity
d. radioactivity
5. The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually broad and ridged. This makes the teeth
suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that are good
for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates
a. a result of natural selection only
b. the connection between form and function only
c. a food web
d. a result of natural selection as well as the connection between form and function
6. A hypothesis is
a. the same as a theory
b. a proposed explanation for a set of observations
c. an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
d. a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon
7. Which of the following particles is found in the nucleus of an atom?
a. protons and neutrons
b. protons and electrons
c. only protons
d. only electrons
8. Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that
a. insects fly around a bright lamp at night
b. cars are parked along the sides of a street
c. boats cross a lake
d. birds migrate to a new winter home
9. The hydrogen bonds in water molecules account for
a. surface tension
b. heat storage capacity
c. all of the above
d. none of the above
10. In the equation: 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O, the H2 molecules are ______ , the H2O molecules are _____.
a. reactants…products
b. products…reactants
c. created… destroyed
d. used… stored
11. Glucose molecules are to starch as _____ are to proteins.
a. oils
b. amino acids
c. fatty acids
d. monosaccharides
12. Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?
a. sucrose, starch and cellulose
b. starch, amino acids, and glycogen
c. cellulose, starch, and glycogen
d. fructose, cellulose, and glucose
13. The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines
a. the laws of inheritance
b. organelle theory
c. cell theory
d. inheritance of acquired characteristics
14. In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
a. are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.
b. are hydrophilic and face inward shielding it from water.
c. are hydrophobic & face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.
d. are hydrophobic and face inward shielding it from water.
15. The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
a. contains the cell’s DNA.
b. separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
c. is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.
d. contains the cell’s nucleoli
16. The nucleus of a cell
a. is surrounded by a impermeable membrane.
b. is contained within the nucleolus.
c. contains DNA.
d. is the primary location of protein synthesis.
17. The golgi apparatus
a. is composed of stacks of membranes vesicles that are continuous with one another.
b. stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
c. strings together amino acids to make proteins.
d. is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
18. Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
a. Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
b. Lysosomes synthesize proteins from recycled amino acids.
c. Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to digest nutrients with lysosomal enzymes.
d. Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
19. Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
a. The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of the cell by absorbing water.
b. The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
c. The central vacuole of a plant cell may store digestive chemicals for recycling.
d. The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
20. A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to
paralyze the contractile vacuole of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these
organisms taken from the pond would find that they
a. have lost water and shrunk.
b. have gained water and burst.
c. have died of malnutrition.
d. have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm.
21. The function of the mitochondria is
a. cellular respiration.
b. lipid synthesis.
c. photosynthesis.
d. intracellular digestion.
22. Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function. As a result, the rate of
a. ATP synthesis increases.
b. ATP synthesis decreases.
c. photosynthesis increases.
d. protein synthesis increases.
23. A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner’s sperm indicates
problems in the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by
a. preventing the sperm from attaching to the egg cell.
b. preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell.
c. preventing the sperm from producing enough energy to power its swimming.
d. interfering with the attachment of the flagella to the sperm.
24. Which of the following cell structures is associated with the breakdown of harmful substances or
substances that are no longer needed by the cell, helping clean up the cell?
a. chloroplasts
b. mitochondria
c. lysosomes
d. centrioles
25. Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?
a. All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the
surroundings.
b. All cells have a cell wall.
c. All cells can convert ATP to a form of energy.
d. All cells have DNA as their genetic material.
26. Membrane phospholipids
a. have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane, shielded from water.
b. have hydrophilic tails that face outward, exposed to water.
c. are able to drift about in the plasma membrane, changing orientation.
d. remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another.
27. Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic functions are
performed by
a. glycolipids
b. proteins
c. phospholipids
d. cholesterol
28. Which of the following statements regarding membrane protein function is false?
a. Membrane proteins serve as enzymes.
b. Membrane proteins act as receptors to molecules like hormones.
c. Membrane proteins form junctions between cells.
d. Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm.
29. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
a. anything can pass in or out of a cell if the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.
b. the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than
others.
c. glucose cannot enter the cell.
d. plasma membranes must be very thick.
30. Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids
a. easily pass through a membrane’s lipid bilayer, slipping between their “tails.”
b. very slowly diffuse through a membrane’s lipid bilayer.
c. require transport proteins to pass through a membrane’s lipid bilayer.
d. are actively transported across cell membranes.
31. Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered
a. exocytosis
b. passive transport
c. active transport
d. endocytosis
32. Osmosis can be defined as
a. the diffusion of water
b. the diffusion of nonpolar molecules
c. active transport
d. the diffusion of a solute
33. In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water, but not to sucrose, to make
an “artificial cell.” The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is
immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the
following will occur?
a. Water will leave the balloon.
b. Water will enter the balloon.
c. Sucrose will leave the balloon.
d. Sucrose will enter the balloon.
34. A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution must be
a. isotonic to its environment.
b. hypertonic to its environment.
c. hypotonic to its environment.
d. metabolically inactive.
35. If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What
accounts for this difference?
a. the expulsion of water by the plant cell’s central vacuole
b. the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water
c. the fact that plant cells are isotonic to tap water
d. the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
36. You are adrift in the Pacific Ocean, and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a
result,
a. you quench your thirst.
b. you cells become turgid.
c. you dehydrate yourself.
d. your cells lyse from excessive water intake.
37. Which for the following processes can move a solute again its concentration gradient?
a. osmosis
b. passive transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport
38. Phagocytosis is to eating as pinocytosis is to
a. osmosis
b. drinking
c. chewing
d. lysis
39. Which of the following statements regarding active transport is false?
a. Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.
b. Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient.
c. Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.
d. Active transport is driven by the concentration gradient.
40. Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this
example, the sperm is changing
a. chemical energy into kinetic energy.
b. chemical energy into potential energy.
c. kinetic energy into potential energy.
d. kinetic energy into thermal energy.
41. Which of the following statements about the ATP molecule is true?
a. It contains five phosphate groups.
b. Extremely stable bond link the second and third phosphate groups.
c. It contain the sugar glucose.
d. It releases energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP creating ADP.
42. Which of the following statement regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
a. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
b. Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
c. Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d. Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
43. The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these
energy conversions some energy is
a. “lost” in the form of heat.
b. used to create light.
c. destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made.
d. saved in the chemical bonds of water CO2 and O2.
44. Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
a. oxygen and carbon dioxide
b. energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide
c. oxygen and glucose
d. oxygen and energy to make ATP
45. Humans use the calories they obtain from _______________ as their source of energy.
a. food
b. water
c. sunlight
d. minerals
46. The functions of an electron transport chain is analogous to
a. a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs.
b. a canoe going over a waterfall.
c. a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time.
d. a person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump.
47. How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
a. They produce ATP.
b. They produce glucose.
c. The store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
d. The energy is coupled to oxygen.
48. Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
a. Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplast.
b. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
c. Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d. Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
49. Which of the following statement about water is false?
a.
b.
c.
d.
If ice sank, the oceans would eventually freeze solid.
Water naturally exists in all three physical states on Earth.
Floating ice on a pond insulates the liquid water below, slowing its rate of freezing.
Ice is more dense than liquid water.
50. Which of the following hypotheses would be supported if liquid water were found on Mars and
contained evidence of bacteria-like organisms?
a. Life must evolve in the presence of oxygen.
b. The chemical evolution of life is possible when water is present.
c. Life on Earth must have originated on Mars.
d. Life is guided by intelligent design.
51. Respiration ______________________ and cellular respiration ____________________.
a. produces ATP … is gas exchange
b. is gas exchange… produces ATP
c. produces glucose … produces oxygen
d. uses glucose… produces glucose
52. Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that
a. kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work and chemical energy
is the energy of movement.
b. kinetic energy can be converted into various forms of energy, whereas chemical
energy can only be converted into heat.
c. kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical is the potential
energy of molecules.
d. chemical energy is a particular form of kinetic energy.
53. A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice
bath to lower the child’s temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical
explanation for this action?
a. Elevated body temperature will increase reaction rates in the child’s cells and overload
the limited number of enzymes found in the cell.
b. Elevated body temperatures may denature the enzymes. This would interfere with the
cell’s abilities to catalyze various reactions.
c. Elevated body temperatures will increase the energy of activation needed to start
various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzymes to
catalyze vital chemical reactions.
d. Elevated body temperatures cause molecules to vibrate more quickly and prevent
enzymes from easily attaching to reactants. This would slow vital body reactions.
54. Life’s energy currency is ATP where the energy is stored
a. in glucose molecules
b. during cellular respiration
c. during photosynthesis
d. in its bonds
55. One molecule of glucose, after completing cellular respiration, yields a total of
a. 0 ATP
b. 1 ATP
c. 2 ATP
d. 36 ATP
56. A culture of bacteria growing photosynthetically is given carbon dioxide containing
radioactive carbon. The radioactive carbon will appear lastly
a. in the carbon dioxide molecules
b. in the glucose molecules
c. in the plant’s chloroplasts
d. in the plant’s mitochondria
57. As a result of glycolysis there is a net gain of
a. 0 ATP
b. 1 ATP
c. 2 ATP
d. 36 ATP
58. By-products of cellular respiration include
a. oxygen and heat
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. FADH and NADH
d. NADH and ATP
59. In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is
a. an oxygen atom
b. a molecule of carbon dioxide
c. a molecule of water
d. ADP
60. In the electron transport chain of photosynthesis, the final electron acceptor is
a. an oxygen atom
b. a molecule of carbon dioxide
c. a molecule of water
d. ADP
61. Fermentation processes are ____________________ processes.
a. aerobic
b. anaerobic
c. glycolic
d. photosynthetic
62. A child born with a rare disease lacks mitochondria in his skeletal muscle cells. These cells
still use energy and allow the child to move but physicians find that
a. the muscles contain large amounts of lactate acid following even mild activity.
b. the muscles contain large amounts of CO2 following even mild activity.
c. the muscles require high levels of oxygen to function.
d. the muscle cells cannot obtain any energy from glucose.
63. Some friends try wine making in their basement. They have added yeast to a sweet grape
juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels
in the grape juice have dropped but there is no alcohol. The most likely explanation is that
a. the mixture needs more sugar because yeast need a lot of energy to produce alcohol.
b. the mixture needs less oxygen because yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of
oxygen.
c. the mixture needs more oxygen because yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and
obtain the energy needed to produce alcohol.
d. the yeast used the alcohol as an energy source.
64. By-products of photosynthesis include
a. oxygen and glucose
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. FADH and NADH
d. NADH and ATP
65. Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon
dioxide?
a.
b.
c.
d.
bear
mushroom
oak tree
octopus
66. The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from the sun is called
a. glycolysis
b. photosynthesis
c. fermentation
d. cellular respiration
67. What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food?
a. chemotrophs
b. heterotrophs
c. synthesizers
d. autotrophs
68. Chloroplasts contain disk-like membranous sacs arranged in stacks called
a. cristae
b. thylakoids
c. grana
d. vacuoles
69. What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?
a. light
b. electromagnetism
c. cellular respiration
d. ATP
70. Which of the following statement regarding photosynthesis is false?
a. ATP is not produced during photosynthesis but only during cellular respiration.
b. Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy and respiration by the chemical
energy of fuel molecules.
c. Photosynthesis consumes CO2 and respiration consumes O2.
d. Photosynthesis produces O2 and respiration produces CO2.
71. Why are most plants green?
a. Green helps plants blend into their environments as a sort of camouflage.
b. Chlorophyll absorbs green light into the chloroplast.
c. Plants use primarily green light for photosynthesis.
d. Chlorophyll reflects green light back to our eyes.
72. The electrons lost from the chloroplast during photosynthesis are replaced by electrons from
a. CO2
b. ATP
c. H2O
d. glucose
73. Photosynthetic organisms derive their carbon from
a. carbon monoxide
b. carbon dioxide
c. hydrocarbons
d. methane
74. To produce one glucose molecule, the Calvin cycle needs to run through __________ cycles.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
75. The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is… oh thank you!
a. cellular respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. glycolysis
d. anaerobic metabolism
76. According to scientists, global warming due to the greenhouse effect may be
a. moderated by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
b. made worse by photosynthesis, which add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
c. reduced by the burning of fossil fuels, which removes oxygen from the atmosphere.
d. of little concern, since it is part of the normal cycle for the planet.
77. Its argued that cutting old-growth forests and replacing them with plantations of young trees
would help alleviate the threat of global warming. What important fact does this ignore?
a. Forests play too minor a role in global CO2 dynamics, which are affected far more by
marine algae.
b. Young trees fix carbon at a lower rate per unit mass than old trees.
c. Most of the biomass of the cut trees would be added to the atmosphere as CO2 within a
few years when used as fuel or processed in manufacturing.
d. Most of the young trees would die within a few years.
78. The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of
sperm and egg, is called
a. asexual reproduction
b. sexual reproduction
c. regeneration
d. spontaneous generation
79. Asexual reproduction requires how many individuals?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
80. Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they
a. are simpler.
b. are circular in structure.
c. include fewer proteins.
d. are housed within a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
81. Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical
structures called
a. chromatin
b. chromosomes
c. nucleoli
d. sister chromatids
82. Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. telophase
83. Which of the following occurs during interphase?
a. a reduction in the size of nuclear membrane
b. cytokinesis
c. cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes
d. separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell
84. The genetic material is duplicated during
a. the mitotic phase
b. G1
c. the S phase
d. G2
85. The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce 2 cells is
a. mitosis
b. cytokinesis
c. binary fission
d. telophase
86. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up equidistance from the 2 poles, in
the middle of the cell?
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. telophase
87. Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell
shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating 2 bulging ends. It sort of looks like the
number 8! You realized that the cell is
a. undergoing cytokinesis
b. in the S phase of interphase
c. in the G1 phase of interphase
d. about to undergo mitosis
88. At the start of mitotic anaphase,
a. the centromeres of each chromosome come apart.
b. the chromatid DNA replicates.
c. nuclear envelopes being to form around the chromosomes.
d. equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the 2 poles.
89. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane re-form?
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. telophase
90. Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguished it from animal
cell division?
a. formation of a cell plate
b. formation of a cleavage furrow
c. lack of cytokinesis
d. production of 4 (rather than 2) new cells per mitotic division
91. What accounts for the difference between plant and animal cytokinesis?
a. Animal cells lack the microfilaments required for forming a cleavage furrow.
b. Animal cell lack chloroplasts.
c. Plant cells have cell walls.
d. Plant cells have 2 sets of chromosomes; animal cells have 1 set of chromosomes.
92. You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue. You notice that the cells
seem to fail to exhibit density-dependent inhibition and grow right on top of each other. The
source of this tissue sample is most likely
a. a cancer
b. skin
c. a fetal liver
d. sperm-producing tissue of the testis
93. During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move apart?
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
94. Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false?
a. Mitosis provides for growth and tissue repair.
b. Meiosis provides for asexual reproduction.
c. In mitosis, the chromosomes replicate only one in the preceding interphase.
d. Meiosis involves 2 nuclear divisions.
95. Independent orientation of chromosomes during meiosis and random fertilization are like
a. shuffling card and dealing out hands of poker
b. cutting up a pie into 8 even-sized slices
c. alphabetizing files in a filing cabinet
d. pairing up similar socks after washing your clothes
96. Nondisjunction occurs when
a. a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost.
b. a portion of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in the reverse direction.
c. members of a chromosome pair fail to separate.
d. an entire pair of chromosomes is lost during meiosis I.
97. Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?
a. Cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction.
b. Only offspring from asexual reproduction inherit traits from 2 parents.
c. Sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs.
d. Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation than asexual.
98. Sister chromatids are
a. found right after a cell divides.
b. joined together at a centromere.
c. made only of DNA.
d. unique to prokaryotes.
99. Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false?
a. Meiosis only occurs in the ovaries and testes.
b. All sexual life cycles involve a diploid and haploid stage.
c. Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent
cell.
d. A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes.
After reading the paragraph, answer the question below.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have 3 sons in elementary school. Two of their sons are progressing
normally, but their last son, Charles, has been much slower than his sibling at developing speech
and language skills. His parents are concerned that he has a learning disability and decide to
investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically based, their pediatrician
recommends a chromosomal analysis.
The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which
is caused by nondisjunction in the formation of the father’s sperm since female sex chromosomes
are XX. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome. The extra copy was
passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no
unusual physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of sex chromosomes do
have a higher than normal risk of delays in learning development.
100. If Charles gets married and starts a family, which of the following chromosomal
abnormalities might be found in his children?
a. XY
b. XX
c. XO
d. XXY