TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviations
11
Acknowledgements
12
PART I:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
13
CHAPTER 1:
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
13
The Concept o f Messiahship o r Kingship,
Definition o f Terms and Challenges
16
Mugabe a n d ' D i v i n e ' E l e c t i o n
20
Documentation on the public Discourse
and Mugabology
23
State o f Research: Literature Review on Feeding
29
Objectives
32
Relevance o f the Study
33
CHAPTER 2:
METHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS
35
Methodology
35
Postcolonial Criticism and Its Contribution
36
Qualitative Research M e t h o d as
Research Technique (QRM)
38
The Procedure f o r this Study
40
PART II:
THE KINGSHIP OF JESUS IN JOHN 6 AND ITS HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
42
CHAPTER 1:
THE DIVINE KING IN ANCIENT NEAR EAST
42
The concept o f divine kingship in M e s o p o t a m i a
42
The Myths a b o u t the births o f Kings
43
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Imageries, Hymns, Royal Inscriptions a n d
Installation o f the King
45
The M e s o p o t a m i a n Kings and Feeding
47
The Concept o f Kingship in Egypt
49
The Egyptian Kings and Feeding
52
Conclusion
57
CHAPTER 2:
THE DIVINE KING IN THE OT AND EARLY JUDAISM
Status and Role o f the Divine King in the O T
58
The Davidic Dynasty (2 Samuel 7:11-14)
59
The King as Son o f God (Psalm 2)
63
The King as Elohim (Psalm 45:1-10)
66
The King as the Source o f Fertility (Psalm 72)
69
The O l d Testament Texts on Feeding
71
David's Duty o f Feeding the People (2 Sam 6:19)
72
Joseph as the Breadwinner (Gen 41:41-57)
74
The Feeding o f the Masses by Moses (Ex 16:1-15)
80
The Early Judaism Concept o f Kingship and Feeding
88
Herod's feeding o f t he people
88
The Divine W i s d o m / W o r d as Spiritual Bread (Philo)
91
jews as Children o f God eating the Bread o f Life (JosAs)
94
Conclusion
96
CHAPTER 3:
THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN ROYAL IDEOLOGY
Political Background in Antiquity: The Hellenistic Kingship
6
58
98
98
Hellenistic kings as Breadwinners
101
The Roman Kingship
105
The Role o f Roman Emperors as Breadwinners
110
Conclusion
115
CHAPTER 4:
JOHN 6: JESUS' AS THE SERVANT-KING AND
BREADWINNER
116
Jesus' Kingship in the N e w Testament
116
The Baptism o f Jesus in t he Light
o f his Kingship ( M k 1:9-11; M t 3:13-17)
116
The Conception o f Jesus in t he Light o f
his Kingship ( M t 1: 18-25; Lk 1:26-35, 44-45)
117
The Temptation o f Jesus in the Light o f his Kingship (Lk 4, M t 4 ) . l 18
The Gospel o f John: Date, Place and Redaction History
119
The Pre-Existence o f Jesus and the Bosom Royal Ideology
122
John 6:1-15: Presentation o f the Text w i t h Translation
127
Exegetical Analysis o f John 6:1-15 in t he Light
o f the FeedingTopic
128
A Socio-Economical and Political Analysis o f John 6
130
The Historical Challenges t o Jesus' Feeding o f the Masses
143
Jesus' giving o f Bread (6:1-15) in the Context
o f the Bread o f Life (6:25-52)
145
The Eucharist and the FeedingTopic (6:51-71)
156
Bread o f Life and Shepherdhood o f Jesus
163
Conclusion
164
PART III: THE ZIMBABWEAN CONTEXT
165
CHAPTER 1:
THE SHONA KINGSHIP AND THE ZUNDE RAMAMBO
(Chiefs Granary) CONCEPT
165
Putting the t e r m 'Chief o r King' in its Perspective
165
The Place o f ATR in the Shona Society and t h e
Sacrality o f Shona kings
167
The Shona Kingship as Hereditary
168
Coronation/Installation and Divine Kingship
171
Hierarchy, Cosmic O r d e r and the Creation o f Autocracy
174
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The Shona Kingship and Traditional Democracy:
Checks and Balances
177
Traditional Solidarity (kinship) and the Authority o f the King
179
The General roles o f the Shona Chief.
180
The Zunde RaMambo Traditional Duty o f feeding people
182
The Beneficiaries o f t he Zunde RaMambo
185
The Displacement o f the C h i e f s influence by
the colonial system
187
The Land Dispossession: Institutionalisation o f
H u n g e r and Poverty
188
The Colonial Feeding Programme
195
The Missionary and Colonial Enterprising Ideologies
197
The Bible as a Subjugating Tool
198
The Church Also Played a Part in the Liberation o f Z i m b a b w e
200
The General Protest against t he Bible, Christianity
and Christians
202
The Nehanda and Mugabe Tradition:
The creation o f Traditional Authority
204
Conclusion
206
CHAPTER 2:
MUGABOLOCY IN THE PHASE OF EUPHORIA
AND ABUNDANCE
208
Challenges in Understanding Mugabology
208
The Various G r o u p s ' Perspective o f Mugabology
209
The Kingship o f Mugabe and the Shona Traditional
Concept o f Installation
210
The Christian Perspective o f Mugabology
214
The W h i t e Rhodesians' Perspective o f Mugabology
216
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One-Party State and the kingship Concept
218
The Roots t o Mugabe's 'Messiahship'
222
The 1980s Socialist Policies o f Mugabe and t h e
Early Church's Teachings
227
Mugabology and the Structural Giving o f Food
233
The Supplementary Feeding Programme a n d
Free Distribution o f Food
233
Mugabe as the d o n o r o f Cattle and Food
236
Mugabe and the Inceptional Selective Feeding o f the Masses
239
Mugabology and the Food-for W o r k Programmes
240
Mugabology and Feeding at Public Celebrations
242
ESAP and the Problem o f Corruption
242
'Its now O u r Turn t o Eat': The Lifestyle o f the Zimbabwean Elite..244
Conclusion
CHAPTER 3:
MUGABOLOGY IN THE PERIOD OF MULTIPLE CRISES
247
249
The 1998-2008 Political, Economical and Social Crises
249
Mugabology in a Crises Environment
250
Mugabology and the Strangling o f t he Media
254
The Co-Option o f Different Groups into Mugabology
256
The Public Transcript and Personality Cultism
259
Feeding in a Context o f M u l t i p l e Crises
261
Messiahship, Land Reform and Feeding o f the Masses
262
The Giving o f Land as Part o f Feeding
264
Mugabology and the Selective Distribution o f Resources
269
The Extensive Use o f Propaganda t o Conquer
the Hungry Masses
272
Extracting the 'Sons o f t he Light f r o m the Sons o f Darkness'
277
The Use o f Political Signifiers in Feeding
279
Feeding in the Light o f the Universal Declaration
o f H u m a n Rights ( U N H R )
282
Farm Mechanisation, BACCOSSI and the feeding agenda
283
Mugabology vs N G O s in Feeding the Masses
284
The Deconstruction o f t he Messiahship o f Mugabe
288
Music in Demessianising Mugabology and the Feeding T o p i c
290
Prayer as a Tool o f Protest against Mugabology,
Hunger and Poverty
295
Future Messiah and the Feeding Topic in Z i m b a b w e
296
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Conclusion
297
PART IV:
CONCLUSIONS: CHRISTOLOCY VS. MUCABOLOCY
299
CHAPTER 1:
JESUS' MESSIAHSHIP AS UNIQUE
299
Understanding the Messiahship o f Jesus and Its Desacralization
Power
299
The Paradox in Jesus' Messiahship: Suffering, Death and
Resurrection
305
The Suffering and Death o f Jesus Desacralizes all
Secular Authority
307
The Suffering Messiah in Mugabology Gets
Demessianised and De-Post-Colonised
314
The Desacralization o f Authority o f Ancestral Spirits
in the Light o f Jesus
323
Humility, Forgiveness and Reconciliation:
Mugabology and Jesus
325
Jesus' Feeding o f th e Masses as Desacralization o f
Rulers' Authority
327
Jesus in the Context o f Zimbabwe: The Way Forward
330
Conclusion
334
CHAPTER 2:
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
336
Political Rulers, Intermediaryship and Political
D o m i n a t i o n in the Light o f Kingship
336
Ideological State Apparatuses, Ruling Class Ideology
and Mugabology
337
Royal Ideology and the Feeding o f t he Masses
341
READING LIST
345
QUESTIONNAIRE USED
393
APPENDICES
395
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