Oct. 31

11/1/2016
Bio100 (Dr Paddack) Lecture 18 (10/31/16)
Reminder: Exam 3 in 1 week!
I. Biomes
A. Biological levels of ecology
B. Biomes
1. Defined by Temperature & Precipitation
2. Terrestrial Biomes
3. Aquatic biomes
II. Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia
A. Basic Features
B. Evolution
C. Invertebrates
1. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
2. Phylum Cnidaria (jellies, anemones, etc)
3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
4. Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
5. Phylum Mollusca (snails, etc)
6. Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
7. Phylum Arthropoda (insects, crabs, etc)
Ecology:
Interactions between organisms & their environment
What determines how ecosystems are
distributed on Earth?
Levels of
biologic
organization
Physical (Abiotic) Environment
1. Temperature
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11/1/2016
Global Climate Patterns
Polar
Temperate
23.5o
cold
warm
cold
Tropic
Temperate
Polar
Biomes
determined by
precipitation and
temperature
The Global Water Cycle connects all Biomes on Earth
Kingdom Animalia
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EVOLUTIONARY TREE (TREE OF LIFE)
best adapted for
their environment
Animals: Invertebrate Diversity
COMPLEXITY
‘Ancient’ / ’lower’ animals are no better or
worse adapted than ‘more complex’ / ’higher’
animals.
Phylum Porifera
(“Pore Bearers”)
Sponges
Sponges:
Asymmetrical (no symmetry)
Strawberry anemone, Vancouver Isl 2006
Phylum Cnidaria
stinging animals
Cnidarians,
Echinoderms:
Radial symmetry
‘Higher’ organisms:
Bilateral symmetry
http://news.sciencemag.org/signal-noise/2014/03/watch-breathtaking-microscopic-footagemarine-life
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
Cephalization
Central Nervous System – chemoreceptors
in head
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh2dTIRReXU&feature=related
Phylum Nematoda (round worms)
Phylum Mollusca
diverse structure & lifestyles
C. Gastropoda
Subclass Prosobranchia
(snails, limpets)
Subclass Opisthobranchia
(sea slugs = nudibranchs)
C. Bivalvia
(clams, mussels,
scallops)
C. Cephalopoda
(octopus, squid,
cuttlefish)
C. Polyplacophora (chitons)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUN6c5yWJhQ&feature=fvw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmDTtkZlMwM
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11/1/2016
Phylum Mollusca:
Feeding
Radula – ribbon of teeth
Phylum Annelida
(Segmented worms)
Radula of Margarita Snail
Margarites pupillus
Lecture 18 (10/31/16): Study Questions
1. Define: ecology, abiotic, biotic
2. List & be able to define & note what factors are
usually studied about each of the 7 levels of
biological hierarchy, starting with individuals.
3. What are the 2 key drivers of regional climate
patterns that determine where each biome is?
4. What are the 3 major temperature zones on Earth
and why do they occur?
5. List 9 different terrestrial biomes & 2 aquatic
biomes.
6. Know that the global water cycle connects all
biomes.
Lecture 18 (10/31/16): Study Questions
7. List 7 basic characteristics common to all
members of Kingdom Animalia.
8. Organisms further ‘up’ (branch tips) of the
evolutionary ‘tree of life’ are more ______ than those
lower on this tree, but that does not mean that
‘higher’ organisms are ______ than ‘lower’ ones.
Each species is best adapted to its environment.
9. Define invertebrate.
10. What percentage of all known species of animals
are invertebrates?
11. Why is Phylum Porifera (sponges) not considered
‘true animals’?
12. Describe the basic structure of a sponge.
Lecture 18 (10/31/16): Study Questions
13. How do sponges eat?
14. Why is there such interest from the biomedical
industry in sponges?
15. List 4 key features of Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish,
etc).
16. Define hydrostatic skeleton.
17. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworks,
flukes) represent the next big 3 evolutionary
advances in animals – list them.
18. Define cephalization and explain why it is such a
great adaptation.
Lecture 18 (10/31/16): Study Questions
19. Phylum Nematoda (roundworms) exhibit the next
evolutionary advance of __________. This advance
allows _______.
20. What organisms are in Phylum Mollusca?
21.Phylum Annelida are the segmented worms. How
does segmentation improve their ability for
movement?
22. Define a closed circulatory system. Which Phyla
of those we studied today has one?
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