Multi-Layered Laminated Glass under Impact Loading
I.
1
Anteby ,
S.
2
Kolling ,
S.
2
Kurz ,
O.
1
Sadot ,
G.
1
Ben-Dor
1
Ben-Gurion University, Protective Technologies Research and Development Center, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
2 THM, Giessen University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Mechanics and Materials, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
Experimental Setup
10
Simulation
It consists of a pendulum with
a total mass of 64kg,. This
allows for an assessment of
the structural component at
well defined impact energy to
investigate the resistance of
multi-layered glass against
impact.
Displacement [mm]
8
Experiment
6
4
2
0
20
40
60
80
60
80
Time [ms]
3.0
2.5
Simulation
Force [kN]
The pane of laminated glass
(750mm x 750mm,) is clamped
into a steel frame (St37,
t=6mm) by 4 Ecolon rods at
each side. The thickness of
each glass layer is 4mm and
the
thickness
of
each
interlayer is 0.4mm.
0
2.0
1.5
1.0
Experiment
0.5
Finite Element Modeling
The setup of the laminated
glass is modeled by eight-nodesolid elements which are underintegrated to avoid locking
effects. The use of continuum
elements ensures a reliable and
predictive representation of the
three-dimensional
state
of
stress. In total, 270,000 solid
elements were used for the
glass and 45,000 for the PVB.
Results
The validation work was performed for a drop height of 50mm. The
figure below shows the crack propagation (deletion of elements) at
different computation times (t=5ms, 10ms, 20ms and 40ms).
0
0
20
40
Time [ms]
A mesh consisting of quadrilateral elements allowing a pattern
of radial and tangential element
edges leads to a clear improvement of the crack pattern.
Conclusions and Outlook
The experimental setup was designed to simplify the numerical
model calibration. Permanent deletion of elements leads to strong
oscillations and mesh dependencies that should be avoided.
Development of an elastic damage model is capable to overcome
these problems and will be topic of further investigations in near
future.
References
The numerical results are in a good agreement to the experimental
test for both displacement and force.
Contact
Prof. Dr. Stefan Kolling
stefan.kolling@me.thm.de
Prof. Dr. Gabi Ben-Dor
bendorg@bgu.ac.il
[1] P.A. Du Bois, S. Kolling, W. Fassnacht: Modeling of safety
glass for crash simulation. Computational Materials Science,
28(3/4):675–683, 2003.
[2] M. Timmel, S. Kolling, P. Osterrieder, P.A. Du Bois: A finite
element model for impact simulation with laminated glass.
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 34(8):1465–1478,
2007.
[3] E. Kluska, I. Anteby, B. Ostraich, J. Hormodaly, G. Ben-Dor:
The behavior of laminated glass under dynamic loads –
Experimental and numerical studies. The 2nd International
Conference on Design and Analysis of Protective Structures,
Singapore, 2006.