QUIZ on lessons 1-10
Name _____________________
Date _______________
LESSON 1:
1) An electrically unbalanced atom or molecule is called: a) a proton
b) an ion
c) an acid
d) a positron
2) True or false? The terms “hydrogen ion” and “proton” can be used interchangeably.
3) What is NOT true about water molecules?
a) A hydrogen atom can sometimes leave a water molecule.
b) A third hydrogen atom can sometimes join a water molecule.
c) The oxygen in a water molecule has a slight positive charge and the hydrogens have a slight negative charge.
d) Oxygen has more protons in its nucleus than hydrogen does.
4) Why is water good at dissolving so many things?
a) Because it is hydrophilic.
b) Because it is polar.
c) Because it is a very small molecule.
d) Because it has high energy electrons.
5) Why do hydrogen ions have a positive charge? _______________________________________________________
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LESSON 2:
6) Fattty acids are made of:
a) A hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group.
c) A hydrocarbon chain and an amino group.
b) A hydrocarbon chain and a hydroxide group.
d) A hydrocarbon chain.
7) Methane has how many carbon atoms? ____ (Hint: When you count carbon atoms, “meth” means ___.)
8) How many electrons does carbon WANT to have in its outer shell? a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 6
f) 8
9) When carbons have a double bond between them, what is missing?
a) oxygen atoms
b) hydrogen atoms
c) electrons
d) nothing
10) Hydrocarbons are NOT: a) hydrophobic
b) electrically balanced
c) fatty/oily
d) polar
LESSON 3:
11) What is it called when two molecules are joined and water is formed as a byproduct of this reaction?
a) dehydration synthesis
b) hydrogen bonding c) peptide bonding
d) dehydration formation
12) Some fatty acids are called “omega-3” fatty acids. Why do they have this name? ____________________________
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13) What is the maximum number of fatty acids that can be joined to one glycerol molecule? ____
14) Which of these is TRUE about fatty acids?
a) One fatty acid attached to a glycerol is called a triglyceride.
b) If there are no carbon double bonds the fatty acid is called unsaturated.
c) Fatty acids can come in many different lengths of carbon chains.
d) Fatty acids are always attached to a glycerol molecule.
15) Fatty acids that are not attached to a glycerol molecule are called:
a) monoglycerides
b) diglycerides
c) free fatty acids
d) saturated fatty acids
e) none of these
LESSON 4:
16) Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
a) head b) tails c) both
17) What are EPA and DHA?
a) Toxins than can be stored in fatty tissue and disrupt membranes.
b) Fatty acids that are very important for human cell membranes.
c) Enzymes that attach fatty acids to glycerol molecules.
d) Phosphate groups.
18-20) How many bonds do each of these atoms want to make?
Carbon ____
Oxygen ____
Phosphorus ____
LESSON 5:
21) Which of these structures are not made of phospholipids?
a) liposomes
b) vesicles
c) miceles
d) triglycerides
22) A lysosome contains many:
a) hydroxide ions
b) triglycerides
c) enzymes
23) “Soma” is Greek for:
c) cell
a) fat
b) body
24) “Lys” is Greek for: a) open
b) empty
25) Which of these is empty?
a) vacuole
d) fatty acids
d) some
c) body
e) open
d) dissolve
b) vesicle
e) join together
c) lysosome
d) all of these
LESSON 6:
26) True or false? ALL cells are surrounded by membranes.
27) Which of these uses energy?
a) simple diffusion
b) osmosis
28) Cell membranes are:
a) selectively permeable
T
F (circle one)
c) facilitated diffusion
b) completely permeable
29) Which of these is an example of diffusion?
a) the smell of perfume filling a room
c) fat soluble vitamins going through a membrane
30) Which of these is NOT passive transport?
a) simple diffusion
b) facilitated diffusion
d) active transport
c) not permeable
d) none of these
b) food coloring spreading out in a glass of water
d) all of these
e) none of these
c) osmosis
31) Which of these can NOT use diffusion to get into a cell?
a) oxygen
b) sugar molecules
c) vitamin A
32) Which of these is an example of facilitated diffusion?
a) aquaporin
b) ion pumps
c) endocytosis
d) endocytosis
e) steroids
d) exocytosis
33) Which one of these is NOT an example of active transport?
a) endocytosis
b) exocytosis
c) ion pumps
d) ion channels
34) When something diffuses from one side of a membrane to the other, we say it is:
a) going up its concentration gradient
b) going down its concentration gradient
c) isotonic
d) semi-permeable
35) When an ion pump is working, pushing ions in or out of a cell, it is:
a) going against the concentration gradient
b) using ATP energy
c) both of these
d) neither of these
LESSON 7:
36) True or false? All integral proteins are transmembrane proteins. T
37) What does MHC1 do?
a) act as an anchor
b) act as a receptor for messages
38) What does the Greek word “oligo” mean?
a) sugar
39) What does the Greek word “trans” mean?
a) across
F
(circle one)
c) identify the cell as belonging to the body
b) many
b) in
c) few
c) out
d) protein
d) around
40) What do lipid rafts do? (In other words, why do they exist—what is their purpose?)
e) olive
e) carry
__________________________
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LESSON 8:
41) Which of these is the “amino” part of an amino acid?
a) COOH
42) True or false? All amino acids in your body are “left-handed.”
43) The Greek word “chiro” means:
a) hand
b) foot
b) NH2
T
c) head
F
c) R
d) none of these
(circle one)
d) wing
44) How many bonds does a nitrogen (N) atom want to make (in proteins)? ____
45) Which part of an amino acid is the acid part? _________
LESSON 9:
46) What is an essential amino acid?
a) an amino so important that you will die without it
c) an amino that is found in every protein in your body
b) an amino that your body cannot make
d) an amino that has nitrogen in it
47) The bond that joins two amino acids is called the __________ bond.
48) How many different types of amino acids are there?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 10
d) 12
e) 16
f) 20
49) The smallest R groups consists of nothing but a ___ atom.
50) Valine is hydrophobic, so it will most likely be found on the (inside/outside) of a protein. (underline one)
51) Glutamic acid is acidic, so we can predict that it has this group of atoms as part of its R group:
a) COOH b) NH2 c) H2O d) CO2
e) CH4
52) Which of these aminos is often found as part of a molecular switch (such as those found on DNA spools)?
a) valine
b) glycine
c) lysine
53) Cysteine has another type of atom, besides nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Which is it?
a) lead
b) calcium c) sulfur d) chlorine
g) 22
LESSON 10:
54-57) Match the following words to their definitions:
54)
55)
56)
57)
Primary structure _____
Secondary structure _____
Tertiary structure ____
Quaternary structure ____
A) Contains alpha helices and beta sheets
B) When several proteins join together to make a larger shape
C) The sequence of amino acids
D) The bending and folding to create a 3D shape
58) What holds the alpha helices and beta sheets in their curly and sheet-like shapes?
a) peptide bonding
b) hydrogen bonding
c) covalent bonding
d) dehydration synthesis
e) polarity
59) Which of these is an example of a quaternary structure?
a) alpha helix
b) beta barrel
c) hemoglobin
d) zinc finger
60) In computer-generated pictures of proteins, beta sheets are often represented simply as:
a) arrows
b) sheets
c) coils
d) lines
e) the letter B
BONUS QUESTIONS:
1) In the 1960s, there was a medical disaster involving a drug called Thalidomide. This drug was given to pregnant
women to prevent nausea. Unfortunately it caused horrible birth defects. This reason for this disaster was that the drug
manufacturers had not realized:
a) that Thalidomide was toxic.
b) that Thalidomide came in right and left handed forms.
c) that the Thalidomide molecule was electrically unbalanced.
d) that the Thalidomide molecule was polar.
2) We briefly mentioned a type of ion pump that we will meet in abundance in nerve cells. It pumps two different kinds of
ions back and forth across the membrane. The pump is named after these ions. What is the pump called?
a) calcium-magnesium pump
b) proton-electron pump
c) sodium-chloride pump
d) sodium-potassium pump
3) Which of these protein structures grabs and holds DNA?
a) alpha helix
b) beta barrel
c) hemoglobin
d) zinc finger