hnjbw : {XnZn\ tZio-b-sk-an-\mÀ þ "kpØnc hnI-k\w : tIc-f-¯n-\p-th−n Hcp \b amÀ¤tcJ' þ 2016 amÀ¨v BZy-hmcw
"kpØnc hnI-k\w : tIc-f-¯n-\p-th−n Hcp \b amÀ¤-tcJ' F¶ hnj-b-¯n kn.-ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ ^ut−-j³ 2016 amÀ¨v BZy-hmcw Hcp {XnZn\ tZiob skan-\mÀ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p¶p. tIc-f-¯nsâ kpØn-c-hn-I-k-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« {][m-\-s¸« taJ-e-Isf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn¨v
AXmXv cwKs¯ hnZ-Kv²À {]_-Ô-§Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡pw. skan-\mÀ {]_-Ô-§Ä ]n¶oSv
]pkvX-I-cq-]-¯n {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m\pw Dt±-in-¡p-¶p-−v.
Cu hnj-b-¯n A\p-`-h-k-¼-¶-\mb Xm¦Ä Bdv skj-\p-I-fn-embn \S-¡p¶ skan-\mdn GsX-¦nepw H¶n Hcp {]_Ôw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨p-sIm−v ]s¦-Sp-¡-W-sa¶v ^ut−-j-\pth−n kvt\l-]qÀÆw A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p. skan-\m-dn NÀ¨ sN¿m\p-t±-in-¡p¶ Hcp Xow t]¸À
(Theme Paper) CtXm-sSm¸w Ab-bv¡p-¶p. Xm¦Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-\p-t±-in-¡p¶ {]_-Ô¯nsâ ]qÀ®-cq]w / kw{Klw 2016 s^{_p-hcn 20 \v ap¼mbn ^ut−-j³ Hm^o-knÂ
F¯n¡Wsa¶pw A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p. ^ut−-j-\n-te¡v Cþsabn sNbvXm-epw aXn-bm-Ipw. (email : cachyuthamenonfoundation@yahoo.com)
R§-fpsS A`yÀ°\ kzoI-cn¨v skan-\m-dn ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶p-s−-¦n hnhcw Ign-hXpw
thKw Adn-bn-¡-W-sa¶pw A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p.
IqSp-XÂ
hnh-c-§Ä¡v
R§-fpsS
sh_vsskäv
t\m¡pI
:
www.achuthamenonfoundation.org
kvt\lm-Z-c-§-tfm-sS,
Im\w cmtP-{µ³
{]knUâv
F³.-j¬apJw ]nÅ
sk{I-«dn
tUm.-BÀ.-sI.-kp-tc-jvIp-amÀ
P\-d I¬ho-\À
Mob : 9387803414
kpØn-c-hn-I-k-\w:
tcJ
tIc-f-¯n-\p-th−n Hcp \b -amÀ¤-
hÀ¯-am\ Ime-L-«¯n tIcfw ]e cwK-§-fnepw A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb amä-§Ä¡v
hnt[-b-ambns¡m−n-cn-¡p-¶p. ap³Im-e-§-fn C¯cw amä-§-fpw, Ah-bpsS Imc-W§
- fpw
{]Xym-Lm-X-§-fp-sams¡ hfsc kq£va-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw hne-bn-cp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-ambn-cp¶p tIc-f-k-aq-lw. F¶m BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-¯nsâ BLmXw Hcp aq¶p-]-Xn-äm-−mbn
Gäp-hm-§nb tIcfw XnI¨pw hyàym-[n-jvTnX kaq-l-ambn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXp-sIm−v
Xs¶ It¼mf aqey-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n am{Xta {][m-\-ambpw amä-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯phm³ hyàn-IÄ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶p-Åq. Hcp-]t£ kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bn \n¶v ]n³amdn hyànKX aqey-§-fn \n¶pam{Xw amä§sf hne-bn-cp-¯n-bm amä-§-fpsS bYmÀ-°-amb Imcy-Imc-W-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡pI F¶p-ÅXv hfsc {]bm-k-Ic-ambn Xocpw. cm{ãob ]mÀ«nIÄ¡pt]mepw C¯cw hne-bn-cp-¯-ep-IÄ¡v {]m]vXn-\-ã-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p F¶Xv \ne-hn-epÅ
cm{ão-b-km-l-N-cy-§-fn \n¶pw GsXm-cmÄ¡pw a\-Ên-em-¡mhp-¶XmWv.
tIcfkaq-l-¯n {]I-S-am-Ip¶ {][m-\-amb Hcp amäw AXnsâ k¼Zvhyh-Øb
- nÂ
kw`-hn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶ Ne-\-§-fm-Wv. GsXmcp ae-bm-fnbpw C¶v hiw-h-Z-cmbn t]mIp¶
Hcp kwÚ-bmWv "hnI-k-\w'. cm{ãob ]mÀ«n-Ifpw kÀ¡mÀ kwhn-[m-\-§fpw _p²n-Po-hnIfpw t\Xm-¡³am-cp-sams¡ hfsc hmNm-e-ambn tIc-f-hn-I-k-\s¯Ipdn¨v Xmev]-cy-s¸-«ncn¡p¶p. F¶m hyà-ambpw F´mWv hnI-k-\-sa-¶Xv Fhn-sSbpw NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.
\ne-hnse kml-N-cy-§-fn h¼³ sI«nS kap-¨-b-§fpw, hym]mc tI{µ-§fpw, tI{µo-IrX
hmk-Ø-e-§fpw, hen-b-hn-am-\-¯m-h-f-§-fp-sams¡ tNÀs¶mcp k¼¶ kml-N-cy-s¯-bmWv
hnI-k\w F¶-Xp-sIm−v hnh-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. ]Sn-ªm-d³ amXr-I-Isf ]n³Xp-SÀ¶pÅ
C¯cw hnI-k\k¦ev]w apX-em-fn¯ cmPy-§-fn t]mepw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.
]mcn-Øn-XnI {]iv\-§-fn s]«p-t]mb hnI-k\ amXr-I, izkn¡m\pÅ hmbp-hn\pw IpSn¡m\pÅ ip²-P-e-¯n\pw hsc It¼m-f-h-XvIrX amXr-I-Isf Ah-ew-_n-¡p-t¼mÄ PohnXw
H«p-an¡ hn`m-K-§Ä¡pw {]bm-k-ta-dnb Hcp {]{In-b-bmbn XoÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. F´pXcw {]iv\§-tfbpw AXn-Po-hn-¡m-\pÅ It¼mf amÀK-§Ä Ah-ew-_n-¡p¶ apX-em-fn¯ hyh-ØnXn
Cu {]iv\-t¯bpw AXn-Po-hn-¡p-hm³ ]cn-lm-c-amÀKw \nÀt±-in-¨n-«p-−v. BtKm-f-aÞ
e
- ¯n {]iv\-]-cn-lm-cmÀ°w Iq«mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡-W-sa¶ \mSy-¯n ]p¯³ taÂtImbva
t\Sp-¶-Xn-\p-th−n ]mcn-Øn-XnI ka-Xzhpw ]mcn-Øn-Xn-Im-\p-hÀ¯n-bp-amb kmt¦-XnI t\«§-fp-ambn kpØnc hnI-k-\s¯ {]Xn-jvTn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶m kpØnc hnI-k-\-sa-¶Xv
\ne-\n-ev]n-sâ-bpw, Poh³a-c-W-t]m-cm-«-¯n-sâbpw Hcp {]{In-b-bmbn \s½-t¸m-epÅ hnI-kz-ccm-Py-§-fn cq]-s¸-tS-−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
tIcf hnI-k\ NÀ¨-I-fn ]e-t¸mgpw kpØnc hnI-k-\-sa¶ ]Zw D]-tbmKn¡p¶ps−¦nepw AXnsâ A\n-hm-cyX F{X-am-{X-am-sW¶ Hcp [mc-Wbpw ]eÀ¡pw CÃ
F¶p-Å-XmWv hkvXp-X. kao-]Ime§-fn tIcf hnI-k-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v h³ NÀ¨-IÄ \S-¶psh-¦nepw XnI¨pw bm{´n-Ihpw ]c-¼-cm-K-X-hp-amb kao-]-\-§Ä am{X-amWv tIc-f-hn-Ik
- \
- s¯-¡p-dn¨v D−m-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
kpØnc hnI-k\w F{]Imcw Bbn-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw, F´p-sIm−v kpØnc hnIk\amWv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-«p-Å-sX¶pw tIcfw a\p-jy-hmktbmKy-am-h-W-sa-¦n kpØnc hnI-k\-a-ÃmsX aäv amÀK-§Ä H¶pw Cà F¶pw Nn´n-¡p¶ GsXm-cmÄ¡pw a\-Ên-em-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
tIc-f-¯nsâ hnI-k\ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n kpØnc hnI-k-\-¯nsâ A\n-hm-cy-Xsb
Ipdn¨pw, AXv ^e-h-¯m-¡m-\pÅ amÀK-§sf Ipdn¨p Nn´n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th-−nbpw, \b-cq-]o-Ic-W-¯n-\p-am-bn-«mWv Cu skan-\mÀ kwL-Sn-¸n-¨n-cn¡p-¶-Xv.
skan-\m-dnsâ Bdv skj-\p-Isf kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-cWw Xmsg sImSp-¡p-¶p.
skj³ 1.
tIc-f-¯nsâ hnI-k-\-{]-h-W-X-IÄ
tIcf hnI-k\ amXrI ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v kmaqlyþhnI-k\ aWvU-e-§f
- nÂ
A`qX]qÀÆ-amb t\«-§Ä \ÂIn. F¶m km¼-¯nI taJ-e-I-fn DbÀ¶ t\«-§Ä D−m¡p-hm³ AXn\v Ign-ªn-Ã. AXp-sIm−v Xs¶ Ømbn-bmb hnI-k-\-¯n\v AXns\ amänsb-Sp-t¡-−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. 1985þ\v tijw hfÀ¨m \nc-¡n tIc-f-¯n 10 iX-am-\-¯n\v taÂ
DbÀ¨ D−m-bn. F¶m Cu hfÀ¨m \nc-¡nsâ t\«w tIcf kaq-l-¯n F´v amä-§fmWv D−m¡nbn-«p-Å-sX¶v hne-bn-cp-t¯-−-Xp-−v. hnI-k\w GsXÃmw taJ-e-I-fn-emWv
D−m-bn-«p-ÅXv ? BcmWv Cu t\«-§-fpsS {]mtbm-P-IÀ? tIc-f-¯n\v ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-«pÅ
]ptcm-KXn \ne-\nÀ¯p-hm-\m-bn-«pt−m? CsÃ-¦n AXnsâ Imc-W-§Ä F´mWv? Cu Imeb-f-hn D−m-bn-«pÅ `cW\nÀÆ-lW {]{Inb GXp Xc-¯n-emWv hnI-k-\s¯ kzm[o-\n-¨n«p-Å-Xv? hnI-k\ amXrI \ne-\nÀ¯p-hm-\mbn \ap¡v GXv Xc-¯n hfÀ¨sb kzm[o-\n-¡Ww? F´p Xc-¯n-epÅ \b-§Ä¡mWv hnI-k-\s¯ Pt\m-]-Imc{]Z-am-¡m³ Ign-bp-I?
C§-s\-bpÅ tNmZy-§Ä¡v adp-]Sn Is−-¯pI F¶p-Å- e£y-t¯m-sS-bmWv Cu Xe-s¡«n-epÅ hnj-b-§-fnse NÀ¨-IÄ cq]-s¸-tS-−Xv.
skj³ 2. apJy-ta-J-e-I-fnse kpØn-c-X-bpsS {]iv\-§Ä
tIc-f-¯nsâ hfÀ¨m \nc¡v tZiob icm-icntb¡mfpw tase-bm-Wv. F¶mÂ
Ct¸mÄ D−m-bn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p¶ hfÀ¨m coXn Ømbn-bmbn \ne-\n¡p-¶-XmtWm F¶pÅXv \mw ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. tkh\taJe 60 iX-am-\hpw ImÀjnItaJe 15 iXam-\hpw, hymh-km-bnItaJe 25 iX-am-\hpw F¶ tXmXn-emWv tIcf¯nse k¼-ZvLS\.
F¶m tkh\ taJ-e-bpsS hfÀ¨ GXm\pw Nne taJ-e-I-fn am{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p. {][m-\-ambpw KXm-KXw, \nÀ½mWw, _m¦nw-Kv, tlm«Â XpS§n, hym]mc kap-¨-b§
- Ä
F¶n-h-bn-emWv hfÀ¨ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. AXp-sIm−v Xs¶ C¯cw tkh\ taJ-ebnse DbÀ¶ hfÀ¨ km[m-cW P\-§Ä¡v Dev]m-Z\]c-amb hcp-am-\-tam, sXmgn-ep-Itfm
\ÂIp-hm³ ]cym-]vX-a-Ã. AtX-t]mse Xs¶ ImÀjnItaJe Ime-§-fmbn timjn-¨p-sIm-−ncn-¡p-I-bpw, hymh-km-bnI taJe Ne-\-aä Ah-Ø-bnepw ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\m A¯cw taJe-IÄ¡pw Dev]m-Z\]c-amb kw`m-h\ tIcf kaq-l-¯n\v \ÂIm³ Ign-bmsX h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.
ImÀjnI taJ-e-bnse hnhn[ {]{In-b-I-fn GÀs¸-«n-cp¶ Bfp-IÄ¡v Ah-sbms¡ Dt]-£nt¡−n hcp¶ Ah-Øbpw kwPm-X-am-bn-«p-−v. C¯-c-¯n D−m-Ip¶ Hcp hfÀ¨m-coXn
AXv F{X DbÀ¶-Xm-bmepw s]mXp-hmb kmaqly km¼-¯nI e£y-§Ä H¶pw-Xs¶
t\Sphm³ km²y-a-Ãm-¯-Xm-Wv. sXmgn-ep-IÄ \ã-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§Ä D−-Im-Xn-cn¡p-Ibpw kaq-l-¯nse Ak-aXzw hÀ²n-¡p-I-bpw, Akz-Ø-X-IÄ hf-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm−n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Cu hnI-k\ coXn-sb-¡p-dn¨v \mw t_m[hm·m-cm-tI-−-Xp-−v. hnhn[ taJ-eI-Ä X½n-epÅ ssPh-]-c-amb k´p-e\w D−m-tI-−-Xpt−m? Hcp ]cm{ib k¼Zv hyh-Øbmbn XpS-cp-I-bmtWm A`n-Imayw? ImÀjnI taJ-esb ]p\ÀPo-hn-¸n-¡p-hm³ km[y-amtWm?
hymh-km-bnI taJ-esb tIcf kml-N-cy-§-fn F§s\ ]cp-hs
- ¸-Sp¯mw? Ak-´p-en-Xamb tkh\ hym]\w tIc-f-¯nsâ `mhnbv¡v A\p-Kp-W-amtWm? Ch-sbms¡ ]cn-lc
- n-¡phm³ {]m]vX-amb \b-§Ä F§ns\ DÅ-Xm-bn-cn-¡-Ww? XpS-§nb hnj-b-§-fmWv ChnsS
NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-tS-−-Xv.
skj³ 3. hnI-k-\-¯n-tâbpw kpØn-c-X-bp-tSbpw Poh-\-{]-iv\-§Ä
ta¸-dª coXn-bn D−m-Ip¶ hfÀ¨m-coXnbpsS ^e-ambn tIcf kaq-l¯nse hensbmcp hn`mKw {]m´-h-XvI-cn-¡-s¸-SpIbpw Zmcn{Zy-h-XvI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿-s¸«n-cn-¡-¶p. \nXy-Po-hnXw t]mepw \nÊ-lm-b-h-Ø-bn-em-bn-«pÅ km[m-cW IpSpw-_-§Ä tIcf-¯n H«-\-h-[n-bm-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse aÕy-_-Ô\ taJ-esb B{i-bn¨v Pohn-¡p¶ IpSpw-_§Ä, Irjn-¡mÀ, BZn-hm-kn-IÄ, kv{Xo P\-§Ä, ]c-¼-cm-KX taJ-esb B{ibn¨v Ign-ªhÀ, aäv hn`m-K-§-fnse km[m-cW IpSpw-_-§Ä XpS-§n-b-hÀ \ne-hn-epÅ hnI-k\ coXn-bnÂ
]pdw-X-Å-s¸-«-hcpw Zmcn-{Zy-¯mepw Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-§f
- mepw apt¶m«v t]mIm³ Ign-bmsX Dgep-¶-hcpamWv. {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-§-fpsS ta B[n-]Xyw Dd-¸n¨v AXns\ NqjWw sNbvXv
sImÅ-em`w sImbvXv A\n-b-{´n-X-amb hnI-k-\-{]-{In-b-bn GÀs¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp Akp-ch
- n`m-K-¯n\v `c-W-tI-{µ-§sf X§-fpsS k¼¯m hcp-Xn-bn \nÀ¯p-hm³ Ign-bp-¶p. C¯-c¡mÀ PmXnþaX hn`m-Ko-bX hfÀ¯n-s¡m−v s]mXp-k-aq-ls¯ CÃmbva sNbvXpw, s]mXp
Xmev]-cy-§sf ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw km[m-cW P\-§-fpsS PohnXw ZpÊ-l-am-¡pIbmWv.
Cusbmcp kml-Ncyw s]mXp-hmb Hcp kao-]-\-¯n IqSn F§s\ adn-I-S¡mw? km[m-cW
]uc-·m-cpsS PohnXw F§s\ {]Im-i-ab-am-¡mw? `c-W-]-c-amb \b-§-fmepw CS-s]-S-epIfmepw Cu sImÅ-¡m-cn \n¶v tIc-fob kaq-ls¯ F§s\ c£-s¸-Sp-¯mw? tIcf
kaq-l-¯nsâ {]IrXn hn`h-§Ä \ne-\nÀ¯n-s¡m−v Xs¶ AanX NqjWw CÃmbva
sNbvXv Ømbn-bmb Hcp hnI-k\w F§ns\ Dd-¸m¡mw? Hmtcm ]uc-tâbpw anX-amb Bhiy-§sf km[q-I-cn-¨p-sIm−v F§ns\ kpØn-c-amb Hcp hnI-k\ amXrI cq]-s¸-Sp¯mw.
C¯cw hnj-b-§-fmWv Cu hn`m-K-¯n NÀ¨-bm-tI− apJy-{]-iv\-§Ä.
skj³ 4. kpØn-c-hn-I-k-\hpambn _Ô-s¸«v cq]-s¸-tS− `c-W-X-e-§Ä
\½psS `cW {]{Inbbpambn _Ô-s¸« kwhn-[m-\-§fpw coXn-Ifpw C¶pw {]k-àambn \ne-\n¡p-¶p-−v. `c-W-]-c-amb km²y-X-Isf amä-§Ä¡v th−n \¶mbn D]-tbmKn¨hcmWv tIc-f-k-aq-lw. AXnsâ DZm-¯-amb DZm-l-c-W-amWv hntI-{µo-IrXm-kq-{X-Ww.
]£-]m-X-]-c-am-bpw,
KqtVm-t±-i-§-tfmSp
IqSnbpw
hntI-{µo-I-c-Ws¯
hcp-Xn-bnem¡ns¡m−v k¦p-NnX e£y-§Ä¡mbn ]ecpw AXns\ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-−v. F¶n-cp-¶mÂ
Xs¶bpw P\-k-aqlw hntI-{µo-I-c-Ws¯ IpSpw-_{io t]mepÅ ip`I-c-amb amä-§Ä¡v
th−nbpw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xnsâ ZrjvSm-´-§fpw \½psS ap¶n ]cn-Nn-X-§-fm-Wv. Hcp
kaq-l-¯nsâ Bh-iy-§-tfbpw hn`-h-§-tfbpw B kaq-l-¯nÂs¸« Hmtcm a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw
ASn-Øm\ Bh-iy-§sf Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-tS-−-Xp-−v. kpØnc
hnI-k-\-sa-¶Xv km[y-am-I-W-sa-¦n hn`h hn\n-tbmKw Hmtcm ]uc-tâ-bpw, IpSpw-_§
- f
- ptSbpw ASn-Øm\ Bh-iy-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡n-s¡m−v Bkq-{XWw sN¿s¸«-XmI-Ww. hntI{µo-I-c-Wm-kq-{XWw Cusbmcp {]{In-bbv¡v Gähpw A\n-hm-cy-amb `c-W-{I-a-am-Wv. F§ns\
hn`h hnX-cWw ]ucsâ ASn-Øm\ Ah-Im-i-§-fp-ambn Dev]m-Z-\-]-c-am-bpw, Xpey-X-tbmSpw
IqSn Dd-¸m¡pw F¶pÅ XmXzn-I-ambpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambpw DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ {]iv\-§-fmWv Cu
hn`m-K-¯n \mw NÀ¨ sNt¿-−-Xv.
skj³ 5. kpØnc hnI-k-\-\nÀÆ-lWw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t¡−n hcp¶ sshcp²y-§Ä
{]IrXn hn`h-§sf Hmtcm ]uc-tâbpw ASn-Øm\ Bh-iy-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n
Ah-sbms¡ ]ucsâ Ah-Im-i-§-fmbn amä-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw sshcp-²y-§Ä
[mcm-f-ambn BhnÀ`hnbv¡mw. {]tXy-In¨v Ct¸mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ `c-W-{Iaw s]mXp-P-\m-hi
- y§-fn \n¶pw AI-¶p-amdn hn`-h-§-fpsS ta ]e-{]-Im-c-¯nepw Ip¯Imh-Imiw e`y-am¡m³ e£y-an-«n-d-§n-bn-«pÅ am^nb Iq«sc klm-bn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-t¼mÄ
sshcp-²y-§Ä cq£-am-¡-s¸-Smw. C§s\ cq]-s¸-Sp¶ sshcp-²y-§sf F{]-Imcw adn-IS- ¡mw
F¶pÅ \b-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯nsâ iàn-bm-bn-cn¡pw kpØn-c-hn-I-k-\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-hm-\pÅ
kml-Ncyw Df-hm-¡p-I. sshcp-²y-§sf Ipdn¨pw {]mtbm-KnI Xe-¯n Ahsb A`n-ap-Jo-Icn-t¡− coXn-Isf Ipdn-¨p-amWv Cu hn`m-K-¯n \mw NÀ¨ sNt¿-−-Xv.
skj³ 6. kpØnc hnI-k-\-¯nsâ ]co-£-Wm-\p-`-h-§Ä
hyàn-I-fpw, kÀ¡m-tc-Xc kwL-S-\-Ifpw (NGOs), ]uc-k-aql (Civil Society)
{]Øm\-§fpw kpØnc hnI-k-\mÀ°w Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb \ne-bn BtKm-f-X-e-¯nepw
\½psS cmPy-¯pw, kwØm-\¯pw Hs¡ ]e {]hÀ¯n-Ifpw Gsä-Sp¯v hnP-bn-¸n-¨n-«p-−v.
Ah-cpsS Hs¡ A\p`h k¼¯v kpØnc hnI-k-\mÀ°w a\-Ên-em-t¡-−Xpw ]mT-§Ä
DÄs¡m-tÅ-−-Xp-am-Wv. Cu hn`m-K-¯n A¯cw hni-Zo-I-c-W-§Ä {]Xo-£n-¡p¶p.