The long road to modernisation: Spain since 1808

PART II, PAPER 23. THE LONG ROAD TO MODERNISATION: SPAIN SINCE 1808 Dr. Natalia Mora-‐Sitja (nm371@cam.ac.uk) Pablo Picasso, Gernika Course description This course will analyse the main political developments and social, economic and cultural changes experienced in Spain during since the start of the Peninsular War to the present, with emphasis on the 20th century, the causes and development of the Civil War and the profound consequences of Franco’s dictatorship. What were the challenges Spain faced in the long nineteenth century? How did it experience the fall of the Old Regime? What was the impact of the loss of the American colonies, whereby Spain went from Empire to *second-‐rate European power? Why did anarchism gain such appeal in Spain? These are some of the questions we will explore, alongside the analysis of the origins and development of the Spanish Civil War, the political and ideological bases of Franco’s regime, and the transition to democracy, which is considered by many as an exceptionally successful process. The course will close with a reflection on the politics of memory in contemporary Spain. 1
Knowledge of Spanish is NOT a requirement of the course. Numbers for this paper will be capped at 16 overall. Structure of teaching In the History Faculty: Michaelmas: Weekly 90 minutes classes Lent: Weekly 90 minutes classes Easter: one 2-‐hour revision class The classes will each devote time to lecturing and to general discussion, and each student will offer at least one presentation to their peers over the academic year. Students taking this paper are expected to attend all classes. In Michaelmas term, the classes will follow a chronological structure and will cover from the crisis of the old regime to Franco’s dictatorship. In Lent term, classes will be thematic, on topics such as ‘Regions and regionalism’, ‘Religion’, or ‘Memory’. College supervisions: 5 supervision essays per student, with one-‐hour supervisions taught in a mixture of one-‐to-‐one and in pairs. 1-‐2 revision supervision (s) in Easter for each student, singleton. A manageable reading list, with required and additional reading, will complement all classes and supervisions, and many items will be available to view and download in the Moodle course site. I include below a general reading list for reference. 2
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY General introductory and reference reading Carr, R., Spain, 1808–1975 (1982) Junco & Shubert, Spanish History since 1808 (2000) Carr, R., and Fusi, J.P., Spain: Dictatorship to Democracy (1979) Tusell, J., Spain: From Dictatorship to Democracy: 1939 to the Present (2007) General Balfour, S. and Preston, P. (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century (1999) Graham and Labanyi (eds), Spanish Cultural Studies. An Introduction: the Struggle for Modernity (1995) Hillgarth, J.N., ‘Spanish historiography and Iberian Reality’, History and Theory, 24, 1 (1985) Lannon, F. and Preston, P. (eds.), Elites and Power in Twentieth Century Spain (1990) Lannon, F., Privilege, Persecution and Prophecy: The Catholic Church in Spain, 1875–
1975 (1987) Payne, Stanley G. (ed.), Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism (1980) Payne, S.G., Politics and Society in 20th century Spain Preston (ed.), Revolution and War in Spain, 1931–1939 (1984) Ringrose, D., Spain, Europe and the “Spanish miracle”, 1700–1900 (Cambridge, 1996). Romero Salvado, Twentieth-‐century Spain: Politics and Society, 1898–1998 (1999) Shubert, A Social History of Modern Spain (1990) Vilar, P., Spain: A Brief History (1977) Nineteenth century political and cultural transformations Esdaile, C., ‘War and Politics in Spain, 1808–1914’, The Historical Journal, 31, 2 (1988) Balfour, S., ‘Riot, Regeneration and Reaction: Spain in the Aftermath of the 1898 Disaster’, The Historical Journal, 38, 2 (1995) 3
Burdiel, I., ‘Myths of failure, myths of success: new perspectives on nineteenth-‐
century Spanish liberalism’, Journal of Modern History (1998), 892–912. Burdiel, I. And Romeo, M.C., ‘Old and new liberalism: the making of the Spanish liberal revolution, 1808–1844’, Bulletin of Hispanic Studies (1998), 105–20. Callaghan, W., Church, politics and society in Spain, 1750–1874 (Cambridge, MA, 1984). Charnon-‐Deutsch, L. and J. Labanyi (eds.), Culture and gender in nineteenth-‐century Spain (Oxford, 1995). Cruz, J. Gentlemen, bourgeois and revolutionaries: political change and cultural persistence among Spanish dominant groups, 1750–1850 (Cambridge, 1996). Harrison, J. and Hoyle, A. (eds), Spain’s 1898 Crisis. Regenerationism, Modernism, Postcolonialism (2000) Payne, S.G., ‘Spanish Conservatism, 1834–1923’, Journal of Contemporary History, 13, 4 (1978) Smith, W.A., ‘The background of the Spanish Revolution of 1868’, The American Historical Review, 55, 4 (1950) Woodward, M.L., ‘The Spanish Army and the Loss of America, 1810–1824’, The Hispanic American Historical Review, 48, 4 (1968) Radicalization and response: Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship Ben-‐Ami, S., Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923–
1930 (1983) Heywood, P., Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879–1936 (1990) Romero Salvado, Spain, 1914–18: Between War and Revolution (1999) Shubert, A., The Road to Revolution in Spain: The Coal Miners of Asturias, 1860–1934, (Urbana, 1987) Winston, C., Workers and the Right in Spain, 1900–1936 (Princeton, 1985) Anarchism 4
Bookchin, M., The Spanish Anarchists. The Heroic Years, 1868-‐1936 (1977 & 1998) Esenwein, George R., Anarchist ideology and the working-‐class movement in Spain, 1868-‐1898 (1989) Heywood, Paul, Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain (1990) Heywood, Paul, ‘The labour movement in Spain before 1914’, in Geary, D. (ed), Labour and socialist movements in Europe before 1914 (1989) Jackson, Gabriel, ‘Origins of Spanish Anarchism’, The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 36 (Sep 1955) Kaplan, Temma, Anarchists of Andalusia, 1868-‐1903 (1977) Kaplan, Temma, ‘The Social base of Nineteenth-‐Century Andalusian Anarchism in Jerez de la Frontera’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 6, 1 (1975), pp.47-‐70 Kern, R., Red years, Black years. A Political history of Spanish Anarchism, 1911-‐1937 (1978) Mintz, Jerome R., The Anarchists of Casas Viejas Peirats, José, Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1998) Romero Maura, J. ‘Terrorism in Barcelona and its impact on Spanish politics, 1904-‐
1909’, Past and Present, 41 (1968), pp.149-‐61 Romero Maura, J., ‘The Spanish Case’, in Apter and Joll (eds), Anarchism Today (1971) Smith, Angel, ‘Social Conflict and Trade-‐Union Organisation in the catalan cotton textile Industry, 1890-‐1914’, International Review of Social History, 36, 3 (1991), 332-‐76 Smith, Angel, Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction. Catalan Labour and the Crisis of the Spanish State, 1898-‐1923 (2007) Smith, Angel, Red Barcelona. Social Protest and Labour Mobilization in the Twentieth Century (2002) The Second Republic and the Civil War Ben-‐Ami, S., The Origins of the Second Republic in Spain (1978) 5
Blinkhorn, M., Democracy and Civil War in Spain, 1931–1939 (1988) Buchanan, T., Britain and the Spanish Civil War (1997) Carr, R., The Spanish Tragedy (1978) Esenwein, G. and Shubert, A., Spain at War. The Spanish Civil War in Context, 1931–9 (1995) Fraser, R., Blood of Spain: The Experience of Civil war, 1936–1939 (1994) Graham, H., The Spanish Republic at War, 1936–9 (2002) Jackson, G., The Spanish Republic and the Civil War (1965) Little, D., Malevolent Neutrality: The United States, Great Britain, and the Origins of the Spanish Civil War (1985) Malefakis, E., Agrarian Reform and Peasant Revolution in Spain: The Origins of the Civil War (1970) Payne, S.G., ‘Political Violence during the Spanish Second Republic’, Journal of Contemporary History, 25, 2–3 (1990) Payne, S.G., Spain’s First Democracy (1993) Preston, P., The Coming of the Spanish Civil War: Reform, Reaction and Revolution in the Second Republic (1978) Preston, P. (ed.), Revolution and War in Spain, 1931–39 (1984) Preston, P., The Spanish Civil War, 1936–9 (1986) Preston, P., Mackenzie, A.L. (eds.), The Republic Besieged. Civil War in Spain, 1936–
1939 (1996) Preston, P., Comrades: Portraits from the Spanish Civil War (1999) Townson, N., The Crisis of Democracy in Spain. Centrist Politics under the Second Republic (2000) Radosh, R., Habeck, M.R., and Sevostianov, G., Spain Betrayed. The Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War (2001) Romero Salvado, The Spanish Civil war: Origins, Course and Outcomes (2005) Francoism 6
Cazorla-‐Sanchez, A., ‘Dictatorship from below: Local politics in the making of the francoist state, 1937–1948’, The Journal of Modern History, 71, 4 (1999) Grugel, J. and Rees, T., Franco’s Spain (1997) Leitz, C. and Dunthorn, D.J., (eds.), Spain in an International Context, 1936–1959 (1999) Liedtke, B., Embracing A Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945–53 (1998) Morciollo, A.G., True Catholic Womanhood. Gender Ideology in Franco’s Spain (2000) Pike, D.W., ‘Franco and the Axis Stigma’, Journal of Contemporary History, (1982) Payne, S.G., The Phoenix: Franco Regime, 1936–1975 (2000) Preston, P., Franco: A Biography (1994) The economy Harrison, J., Spain: A Modern European Economy (2004) Harrison, J., The Spanish Economy: from the Civil War to the European Community (1993) Sánchez-‐Albornoz, N. (ed.), The economic modernisation of Spain, 1830–1930 (New York, 1987). Simpson, J., ‘Economic Development in Spain, 1850–1936’, The Economic History Review, 50, 2 (1997) Simpson, J., Spanish agriculture: the long siesta, 1765–1965 (Cambridge, 1995) Tortella, G., Banking, railroads and industry in Spain, 1829–1874 (New York, 1977). Regionalism, nationalism, terrorism Balcells, Albert. Catalan Nationalism: Past and Present (1996) Balfour, S., and Quiroga, A., The Reinvention of Spain: Nation and Identity since Democracy (2007) Ben-‐Ami, S., ‘Basque Nationalism between Archaism and Modernity’, Journal of Contemporary History, 26, 3–4 (1991) Boyd, Carolyn, Historia Patria: Politics, History, and National Identity in Spain, 1875-‐
1975 (1997) Clark, R.P., The Basque Insurgents: ETA 1952–1980 (1984) 7
Conversi, Daniele, The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilisation (1997) Díez Medrano, Juan. Divided Nations: Class, Politics, and Nationalism in the Basque Country and Catalonia (1995) Douglass, W.A., Basque Politics: A case study in Ethnic Nationalism (1985) Guibernau, Monserrat. Catalan Nationalism: Francoism, transition and democracy (2004) Heiberg, M., The Making of the Basque Nation (1989) Jauregui, J., ‘National identity and political violence in the Basque Country’, European Journal of Political Research, 14 (1986) Kamen, Henry, Imagining Spain: historical myth and national identity (2008) Mar-‐Molinero, C. and Smith, A. (eds.), Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian Peninsula: Competing and Conflicting Identities (1996) Payne, S.G., ‘Nationalism, Regionalism and Micronationalism in Spain’, Journal of Contemporary History, 26, 3–4 (1991) Sahlins, P., ‘The Nation in the Village: State-‐Building and Communal Struggles in the Catalan Borderland during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries’, The Journal of Modern History, 60, 2 (1988) Woodworth, Paddy, ‘Why do they kill? The Basque Conflict in Spain’, World Policy Journal, 18, 1 (Spring 2001), pp.1-‐12 Transition to democracy Aguero, F., Soldiers, Civilians and Democracy: Post-‐Franco Spain in Comparative Perspective (1995) Aguilar, P., Memory and Amnesia: The role of the Spanish Civil War in the transition to democracy (2002) Bernecker, W.L, ‘Monarchy and Democracy: The Political Role of King Juan Carlos in the Spanish Transicion’, Journal of Contemporary History, 33, 1 (1988) Desfor Edles, L., ‘Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy after Franco’, Cambridge Cultural Social Studies (1998) 8
Encarnación, O.G., ‘Civil Society and the Consolidation of Democracy in Spain’, Political Science Quarterly, 116 (2001) McDonough, P., Barnes, S.H. and López Pina, A., The Cultural Dynamics of Democratization in Spain (1998) Maravall, J.M., The Transition to Democracy in Spain (1982) Preston, P., Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy (2005) Radcliff, P.B., ‘Citizens and Housewives: The Problem of Female Citizenship in Spain’s Transition to Democracy’, Journal of Social History, 36, 1 (2002) Resina, J.R., ‘Disremembering the Dictatorship: The Politics of Memory in the Spanish Transition to Democracy’, Portada Hispánica, 8 (2000) 9

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