Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Conversion of Waste Plastic into Liquid Hydrocarbons (ENERGY)
by Cuco3 Catalyst: Application of Scientific Research on Plastic
Pollution
Manvir Singh1
Sudesh Kumar1
Moinuddin Sarker2
1.Department of Chemistry Banasthali University Rajasthan india
2.Waste Technologies LLC, Department of Research & Development, 1376 Chopsey Hill Road, Bridgeport, CT06606, USA
Abstract
Waste plastics were converted into valuable liquid hydrocarbon fuel. it is can be used as different purpose of
energy-source such as petrol engines, diesel engines, generators, vehicles and its good source of chemicals etc.
Plastics have many properties like light weight, high durability so its demand increases in every sector. Pyrolysis
of the waste plastic (hdpe) was carried out with CuCO3 catalysts and temperature range from 0 °C to 390 °C. The
collected liquid hydrocarbons fuel was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, GCxGCMS spectrometer and fuel density
was 78 g ml-1 and conversion was very good. The research paper exhibits concentrating on application for
solving daily life issues and problems of plastic.
Keywords: Pyrolysis, Liquid hydrocarbons fuel, CuCO3 catalysts, Conversion, Glass reactor, GCxGCMS.
Introduction
First time plastic was invented by Alexander Parkes in 1862 that has a high molecular weight (Brydson 1999). A
molecule formed by repetition of simple units is called polymer. Plastic is also called polymer for example
polyethylene (Chanda 2000). The plastic is produced from non-sustainable coal or oil. It is a non-sustainable
product. Plastic usages are increasing in automobiles, consumer packaging and government is spending on its
infrastructure. India is expected to be among top 10 packaging consumers in the world by 2016 with demand set
to reach $ 24 billion (Physical properties of plastics). India’s plastic industries believe, it is on the track to more
than double its 20 million metric tons polymer consumption by 2020 (plastic consumption to double in India
2016). It was stated that like plastic recycling system can turn a menace into employment opportunity for
millions of people. As India has a great resource of man-power and technology. Plastic recycling can be
developed more to ensure the safety of the environmental (Indian industry looks to double plastics use 2020).
The Technology help to save land recourse by utilizing waste plastic to generate valuable energy. Presently, a
majority of the waste plastic is land filled and it is not sustainable because waste plastic takes very long time to
decay (Plastic Europe, The compelling Facts about Plastic, 2007, 2008). Waste plastic can chemically compare
to petroleum. The elemental composition of petroleum: Carbon 83-87 %, Hydrogen 10-14 %, Nitrogen 0.1-2 %,
Sulfur 0.05-6 %, Metals < 0.1 % the most common metals are iron, copper and vanadium (Chemical
composition of petroleum). Calculate the percent composition of carbon and hydrogen by below equation.
n molarmassoftheelement
Percentcomposition
100%
molarmassofthecompound
Where n is the number of mole of the element in 1 mole of the compound. The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 gm
the molar mass of hydrogen is 1.008 gm (Percent composition). To calculate the percent composition of carbon
and hydrogen in hdpe or ldpe plastics [molecular formula of (C2H4)n].
2 12.01
Percentofcarbon
100 92.27814
26.03
2 1.008
100 7.72186
Percentofhydrogen
26.03
Total 92.27814+7.72186=100
Calorific value of a fuel is directly connected to its carbon content. Hence greater the percentage of carbon
greater is the calorific value of the fuel and better is the quality of fuel. High percentage of hydrogen also
increases the calorific value of fuel (Energy sources). Plastic includes carbon and hydrogen, the main thing
which makes plastic waste valuable is longer carbon chains than those in gasoline and diesel fuels. Therefore,
it’s possible to convert waste plastic into liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
Materials and method
A. Materials
Waste plastic (hdpe) collected from local markets. The waste plastic (hdpe) was white and transparent. Collected
waste plastic (hdpe) was washed with liquid soap complete dust free and then dried in the sunlight. Waste water
treated by acidic and alkali. Dried wastes plastic (hdpe) was cut into small pieces using grinder machine. Sample
21
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
sizes are usually 3-4 mm. These grounded wastes were placed into the glass reactor prior to the experimental
procedure.
B. Method
90 grams the dried waste plastic (hdpe) and 10 grams CuCO3 (purchase CDH chemical, catalogue no. 027833)
catalysts material was put kept into a round shape glass reactor. Then the round shape glass reactor has been put
into an insulated furnace which has protected the loss of heat and gives heat. Further, a condenser unit was set up
with the reactor and the other end with the fuel collection device. In the furnace is temperature controller and
temperature display. Then the temperature was increased slowly. Heating starts from 0 °C temperature to up to
390 °C. Inside the glass reactor, the solid waste plastic was converted into the vapors and then passes throw a
glass pipe to a condenser and distillate and then liquid hydrocarbon collected. Waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid
hydrocarbon fuel conversion rate is 86% (104 ml) and its density 78 g ml-1. It was observed that, it is only
accelerating the degradation process but not creating any reaction against waste plastic. During the waste plastic
conversation into liquid hydrocarbon fuel vapor are not converting to liquid fuel due to as a light gas (C1-C4) and
its boiling point is -°C temperature. The light gases are 10% of the total production process and 4% solid
residues recovered from the production process. Experimental took about 4 h 35 min.
Figure 1 Production process diagram of waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons
Result and Discussions
Analytical technique
FT-IR ALPHA-T Brucker spectrum was used for liquid fuel analysis. NMR spectrometer 400 MHz Brucker was
used for liquid fuel analysis. 1HNMR, 13CNMR method are used for liquid analysis by NMR instrument.
Deuterium chloroform (CDCl3) solvent was used for sample preparation. Leco pegasus 4D GCxGC TOF MS,
Split injection: 4mm restek siltek liner with siltek wool, one microliter at 250°C, primary column: 30m x
0.25mm x 0.25µm restek rtx-5MS column, primary column is non-polar and separates all compounds by boiling
point, secondary column: 1m x 0.1mm x 0.1µm restek rxi -17, secondary column is polar and separates all
compounds by polarity, constant flow helium gas 1.5 ml/min, split ratio 1:150. GC x GC oven program: 70 °C
1.0 m hold, 10°/min to 280°, 5 min hold, secondary oven offset 10, total run time: 27.0 min, modulation period 4
sec, hot pulse 0.9 sec, cold pulse 1.1 sec, GCxGC TOF MS parameter: source temperature 200°C, electron
ionization 70 eV, mass range 35 to 600 u, acquisition rate 100 spectra/sec (4D).
22
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Liquid hydrocarbon fuel analysis
1.2e+007
1e+007
8e+006
6e+006
4e+006
2e+006
0
1st Time (s)
2nd T ime (s)
400
0
600
0
800
0
1000
0
1200
0
1400
0
1600
0
TIC
Figure 2 GCxGCMS 1 D chromatogram waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons
Table 1 Chromatogram waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons GCxGCMS 1 D chromatogram compound
list
Peak List as per classification
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
4420.7
3433.5
2270.3
9899.6
3509.3
25980
13479
2573.4
9522.3
2277.3
1726.1
2495.9
5633.9
2594
2513.8
2873
4434.9
2587.5
2047.8
12959
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
917
876
865
941
799
873
789
803
904
854
840
848
885
850
823
852
880
883
849
857
476 , 0.920
536 , 1.020
540 , 1.110
552 , 0.950
556 , 0.980
556 , 1.040
560 , 0.940
564 , 0.980
568 , 1.030
568 , 1.050
580 , 0.980
592 , 1.020
596 , 1.050
600 , 0.970
604 , 0.940
608 , 0.980
612 , 1.080
616 , 0.940
616 , 0.990
616 , 1.030
19228474
5195124
2712695
96422690
10497598
15737948
19472606
22146618
6964391
3477830
24951273
3129755
5160647
38667277
11032287
10470297
3651327
20963341
8165961
11579702
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
7387.1
850
620 , 1.040
11200449
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
5854.8
16774
5980
2994.4
23723
1992.7
12920
24836
25239
1849.9
7552.5
7197.1
3298.6
6147.5
3541.1
1917
8281.9
2621.6
2170.7
2146.2
7621.8
3801
6158.4
1619.2
1832.6
5382.8
4440.7
2553
5526.9
6110.8
12893
2917
4959.5
5513.3
7364.2
836
879
857
866
920
676
940
941
909
706
799
896
914
831
766
761
870
864
828
819
857
779
553
694
858
835
861
781
860
871
891
754
830
833
755
624 , 0.950
632 , 1.050
636 , 0.970
636 , 1.140
640 , 1.060
640 , 1.170
644 , 0.980
648 , 0.970
648 , 1.070
652 , 1.020
656 , 0.980
656 , 1.080
664 , 0.970
664 , 0.990
664 , 1.040
668 , 1.050
668 , 1.080
672 , 0.970
672 , 1.000
676 , 0.950
680 , 1.070
684 , 0.980
684 , 1.000
684 , 1.020
684 , 1.090
688 , 0.960
692 , 0.970
692 , 1.030
696 , 0.960
696 , 1.000
696 , 1.050
696 , 1.070
700 , 1.110
704 , 0.970
704 , 1.090
18241098
7747624
91436006
2276909
11079778
1587002
154439932
93598080
9047564
2457483
55730151
9428757
30732081
69601236
350565
6345748
17855703
62922708
27632616
442917544
3741023
68370377
4223526
7965150
2920667
24600063
486342663
7902586
34781626
61598486
13512883
6667926
3397167
63714592
1426624
Peak
Name
Classifications
S/N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Nonane
Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylBenzaldehyde
1-Decene
Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane
Benzene, 1-ethyl-4-methylDecane
Cycloheptane, bromoBenzene, 1,2,3-trimethylBenzene, 1-ethenyl-2-methyl2-Decyne
Benzene, 1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethylCyclodecane
Oxalic acid, isobutyl nonyl ester
Cyclopentene, 1-butylBenzene, cyclopropylDecane, 2-methyl2-Undecyne
Benzene, 1-methyl-3-propylBicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene,
3-methyl-4-
Saturate
1-Decene, 9-methylBenzene, 1-methyl-3-propyl1,10-Undecadiene
Benzaldehyde, 3-methylBenzene, 2-ethyl-1,4-dimethylUnknown 1
1-Undecene
Undecane
Benzene, 1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)7-Propylidene-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
Cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2-propylBenzene, 1-butenyl-, (E)2-Undecene, (Z)5-Undecyne
Ethanone, 1-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)Bicyclopentylidene
Benzene, 1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)5-Undecene, (E)2-Undecyne
Octane, 5-ethyl-2-methylBenzene, 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl1-Decyne
Unknown 2
Unknown 3
Benzene, (2-methyl-2-propenyl)5-Ethyldecane
Cyclopropane, 1-hexyl-2-propyl-, cis1H-Indene, 1-ethylideneoctahydro-, transOctane, 4-ethylCyclopentene,1-hexylBenzene, 1,3-diethyl-5-methylPenta-2-en-4-yne,-2,5-dicyclopropyl
Benzene, 1-ethenyl-4-ethyl2-Ethyl-1-dodecanol
1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-4,7-dimethyl-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
23
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
9672.5
2122.4
6269.8
5000.4
2700.7
29546
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
868
700
908
863
762
862
708 , 1.060
708 , 1.080
712 , 0.960
712 , 1.010
712 , 1.090
712 , 1.120
30760061
1648549
22904002
43425243
1022397
12587361
Cyclic /branched
2224.4
778
716 , 1.040
18449709
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
3806.4
6378.5
1967.7
8061.7
8061.7
9269
3153.7
14125
1711.9
14550
14224
880
842
830
727
723
740
691
783
665
881
902
716 , 1.130
720 , 0.990
720 , 1.010
720 , 1.060
720 , 1.070
724 , 0.980
724 , 1.050
724 , 1.070
724 , 1.090
724 , 1.140
728 , 1.010
2285682
102071321
28142776
1002213
3458429
78109177
3286629
8944415
3568093
5981040
70416839
2132.6
744
728 , 1.070
13301700
2297
2476.8
3042.4
30986
3724
3082.5
4836.3
4627.9
7652.3
2400.6
26240
5953.9
7584.6
7869.8
11669
5369.2
32097
2844.2
8688.6
748
730
810
855
638
728
830
941
825
802
884
811
808
935
789
731
921
855
835
732 , 1.020
732 , 1.050
732 , 1.090
736 , 0.990
736 , 1.070
736 , 1.080
736 , 1.130
740 , 0.980
740 , 1.010
740 , 1.040
740 , 1.100
744 , 1.060
744 , 1.080
748 , 0.990
748 , 1.080
748 , 1.100
748 , 1.190
752 , 0.970
752 , 1.010
25067720
7151392
1519337
33273337
1444286
8374378
1453435
31608166
41872726
37856659
18631461
2991736
4868596
108215480
3548768
260257
15319888
21340659
105104038
Peak
Name
Classifications
S/N
57
58
59
60
61
62
Benzene, pentylBenzene, 2,4-diethyl-1-methylUndecane, 3-methylCycloundecene(Z)
Benzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethyl1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-4-methylanti-10-Methyl-endotricyclo[5.2.1.0(2.6)]decane
Benzene, 1-butynyl1,12-Tridecadiene
Cyclododecene, (E)2,4-Octadiyne
Benzene, (1-methylbutyl)1-Undecene, 2-methylUnknown 4
Benzene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)Unknown 5
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroCyclododecane
anti-10-Methyl-endotricyclo[5.2.1.0(2.6)]decane
cis, cis-2-Ethylbicyclo[4.4.0]decane
3-Methylene-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)Dodecane
Unknown 6
Cyclohexene, 1-ethyl-4,5-divinyl1H-Indene, 1,3-dimethyl3-Dodecene, (E)1,13-Tetradecadiene
Bicyclo[5.1.0]octane, 8-(1-methylethylidene)1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-1,2-dimethylBenzene, (1-methylpentyl)Benzene, 1,3-diethyl-5-methyl2-Dodecene, (Z)Benzene, 1,4-diethyl-2-methyltrans-Cinnamyl bromide
Naphthalene
Decane, 5-propylCyclododecene, (E)6,7-Dimethyl-1,2,3,5,8,8ahexahydronaphthalene
1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-1,6-dimethyl5-Decene, 4-ethynyl-, (E)Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonane,
9-(1-
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
3252
729
752 , 1.060
4461809
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
34226
2234.7
894
784
752 , 1.110
756 , 1.040
10608988
11739188
Cyclic /branched
2597.8
779
764 , 1.040
14710554
Benzene, 1-methyl-2-(1-ethylpropyl)Penta-2-en-4-yne,-2,5-dicyclopropyl
Undecane
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl1,13-Tetradecadiene
Unknown 7
Cyclodecane
Cyclohexane, hexylBenzene, (1-ethylbutyl)Undecane, 2,4-dimethyl1,Z-5,E-7-Dodecatriene
Benzene, (1-ethyl-1-propenyl)Cyclopentene,1-heptyl1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-1,5,7-trimethylCyclopropane, 1-ethyl-2-heptyl7-Tetradecyne
Benzene, (1,3-dimethylbutyl)Naphthalene,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
7456.5
2443.7
6451.2
4012.6
4728.8
2859.2
4810.6
8544.2
5785.1
9461.6
1696.3
10334
6545.4
6150.7
6054.3
3617.1
7019.1
776
778
851
812
831
526
817
830
747
864
741
819
826
747
857
852
760
764 , 1.060
764 , 1.080
768 , 0.970
768 , 1.120
772 , 0.990
772 , 1.020
776 , 0.990
776 , 1.010
776 , 1.070
780 , 0.970
780 , 1.040
780 , 1.120
784 , 1.010
784 , 1.100
788 , 0.980
788 , 1.020
788 , 1.070
10700556
5782529
26500658
2759394
99893839
874676
44227292
23476203
9062188
61453269
31574427
15448547
48603522
2748786
52616072
32616571
44235445
Cyclic /branched
4655.5
782
788 , 1.090
6577307
Tridecane, 4-methylBicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-ethanol,
Cyclic /branched
8550.5
904
792 , 0.970
56225514
Cyclic /branched
2240.9
713
792 , 1.050
34211549
Cyclic /branched
5287.7
14813
10787
3649.4
7640.7
2575.5
6161.4
11485
1896.8
865
876
776
800
843
648
689
928
836
796 , 1.030
796 , 1.120
800 , 1.070
804 , 0.990
804 , 1.020
804 , 1.050
804 , 1.110
808 , 1.010
808 , 1.050
1101788568
10794758
14967857
80183791
55221628
24509743
686721
96017575
484762006
6,6-
Cyclohexene,3-hexylBenzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)Benzene, (1-methylpentyl)Cyclopentane, 3-hexyl-1,1-dimethyl8-Hexadecyne
Unknown 8
Unknown 9
1-Tridecene
9-Octadecenal
1,7,7-Trimethyl-2-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-21H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-1,2-dimethylNaphthalene, 1,2-dihydro-3-methyl2,3-Dihydro-1-oxo-1H-phenalene
Perhydrophenalene, (3aà, 6aà, 9aà, 9bá)Unknown 10
Tridecane
Naphthalene,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
14150
806
808 , 1.090
11248388
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Saturate
20545
5916.3
15094
1737.3
7667.8
31997
816
737
716
704
536
774
808 , 1.140
808 , 1.160
812 , 1.010
812 , 1.060
812 , 1.080
816 , 1.010
14060940
8817581
1548956
8540595
4826918
31291723
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
8718
786
816 , 1.130
15454739
4377.4
3885.7
908
787
820 , 0.980
824 , 1.010
82869549
91145958
Tridecane
Cyclooctane, cyclohexyl-
24
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
Peak
Name
138
139
140
Unknown 11
1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-4,7-dimethylBicyclo[10.1.0]tridec-1-ene
Naphthalene,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1-
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
824 , 1.090
824 , 1.140
828 , 1.060
18301764
5632628
375124928
S/N
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
2936.6
20942
2585.3
18240
854
828 , 1.120
11143512
1-Octanol, 2-butylBicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 3,7,7-trimethyl-, [1S-
Cyclic /branched
4893.9
827
832 , 0.980
79322285
Cyclic /branched
4520.8
824
832 , 1.020
136320086
Unknown 12
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methylCyclotridecane
Naphthalene, 2-methylNaphthalene, 5-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroBenzene, (3-propoxy-1-propenyl)Tridecane, 5-propylCyclopropane, 1-methyl-2-octylCyclododecene, 1-methylCyclopropa[1,2:1,3]dicyclopenten-3(3aH)-
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
1689.2
4390.1
1793.5
46402
9883.9
7662.9
5847.9
4964.4
3513.6
524
858
781
917
820
758
843
811
857
832 , 1.070
832 , 1.170
836 , 1.010
836 , 1.200
840 , 1.120
844 , 1.070
848 , 0.980
852 , 0.990
852 , 1.030
1273939
6498385
17637780
19546358
9872356
13617327
76007238
20449448
338679708
Cyclic /branched
8867.8
742
852 , 1.080
22242680
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
2195.9
7124.4
53968
11090
3486
710
842
930
869
514
852 , 1.100
852 , 1.130
852 , 1.220
856 , 0.980
856 , 1.040
5726407
13845909
19924468
47939302
681743
1,2,3b,6-tetrahydro-3a,6,6-trimethylBenzene, 2-(2-butenyl)-1,3,5-trimethylNaphthalene, 6-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroNaphthalene, 2-methylTetradecane
Unknown 13
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,
7,7-dimethyl-2-
Cyclic /branched
1756.2
706
856 , 1.050
70606740
3,5-Dodecadiyne, 2-methyl(1,4-Dimethylpent-2-enyl)benzene
Naphthalene,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
4193.2
3935.2
767
700
860 , 1.080
860 , 1.110
23350777
3018052
Cyclic /branched
11189
812
860 , 1.140
9833499
4-Undecene, 4-methyl-, (Z)Unknown 14
Cyclopropene, 2,3-dimethyl-3-phenylUnknown 15
Tridecane, 3-methyl3-Octadecyne
Unknown 16
Naphthalene, 6-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroNaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-4a-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
4850
4992.8
1911
1911
6835.6
3169
2397.4
8605.6
709
632
781
644
888
852
630
821
864 , 1.000
864 , 1.010
868 , 1.160
868 , 1.170
872 , 0.980
872 , 1.020
872 , 1.110
872 , 1.150
38784738
15184619
941876
303411
59312053
2132949569
2755387
12090981
Cyclic /branched
2382.6
701
876 , 1.060
63113596
Benzene, heptylUnknown 17
Unknown 18
9-Octadecyne
Unknown 19
Benzene, 1-methyl-3-hexyl3-Tridecen-1-yne, (Z)1H-Inden-1-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,4,7-trimethylNaphthalene, 5-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroCyclotetradecane
Cyclopropa[1,2:1,3]dicyclopenten-3(3aH)-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
9797.9
2360.3
2114
5844.9
4184.5
18705
2751.3
2889.8
3582.6
14625
838
646
497
846
615
767
765
710
796
912
876 , 1.080
876 , 1.110
876 , 1.120
880 , 1.020
880 , 1.070
880 , 1.090
884 , 1.070
884 , 1.120
884 , 1.160
888 , 1.030
28525145
6794255
434119
108753033
2862311
36072825
38437962
6216356
12809600
351141115
8147.6
749
888 , 1.110
5982280
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
3123.8
27713
5701.6
16601
3544.6
3762.2
1795.6
8330.8
10401
3734
11389
638
738
745
942
710
692
741
785
923
814
541
888 , 1.170
892 , 1.020
892 , 1.140
896 , 1.010
896 , 1.170
900 , 1.030
900 , 1.080
900 , 1.130
900 , 1.230
904 , 1.000
904 , 1.020
142476
30306781
11861138
171670847
12237650
77556075
6293001
12309237
4561258
116979890
5291483
Cyclic /branched
2873.6
790
904 , 1.070
538537969
4243.9
706
904 , 1.100
58414940
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2427.1
4670.7
8024.4
5692.2
817
560
812
731
904 , 1.300
908 , 1.090
912 , 1.010
912 , 1.120
2973920
113832
410957658
10511570
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
695
857
824
Classifications
153
154
155
156
157
158
www.iiste.org
1,2,3b,6-tetrahydro-3a,6,6-trimethylUnknown 20
Tetradecane
1H-Inden-1-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,4,7-trimethylTetradecane
(1-Methylpenta-1,3-dienyl)benzene
Unknown 21
5,9-Tetradecadiyne
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-propylBiphenyl
7-Tetradecene, (E)Unknown 22
Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonane,
9-(1-
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
1,1,3a-Trimethyl-1a,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-1Hcyclopropa[c]pentalen-4-one
Ethanone, 1-(2-methylphenyl)Unknown 23
E-1,6-Undecadiene
1H-Inden-1-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,4,7-trimethylNaphthalene,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5,7-
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2683
808
912 , 1.160
4698037
Tridecane, 3-ethylCyclohexene, 1-octylHumulen-(v1)
Naphthalene, 1-ethylCyclotetradecane
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-propylCyclohexane,
1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
6196.5
8204.9
5191.5
31886
6725.1
5639
857
824
768
898
882
719
916 , 0.990
916 , 1.040
916 , 1.080
916 , 1.220
920 , 1.020
920 , 1.140
33611573
56817055
34268541
33521467
144549316
8600016
Cyclic /branched
9818.2
822
924 , 1.030
38754688
Pentadecane
Z-10-Pentadecen-1-ol
Unknown 24
Cyclopropa[1,2:1,3]dicyclopenten-3(3aH)-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
8484.3
4259.9
2754.3
877
764
552
928 , 0.990
932 , 1.030
932 , 1.080
58790809
91867447
5332687
Cyclic /branched
7257.2
709
932 , 1.090
27018114
211
1,2,3b,6-tetrahydro-3a,6,6-trimethyl-
25
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2238.3
5382.7
1775.3
38721
12542
12542
4496.8
2072.5
3345.3
7326.9
20990
5125.8
5923
6228.9
3876.7
2197.9
9180.7
2478.4
5065.3
17060
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
521
775
736
944
721
637
742
817
729
908
795
771
625
872
874
775
688
692
748
915
936 , 1.130
936 , 1.150
936 , 1.210
936 , 1.230
940 , 1.030
940 , 1.040
940 , 1.060
940 , 1.240
940 , 1.310
944 , 1.000
944 , 1.090
944 , 1.190
948 , 1.110
952 , 1.020
952 , 1.060
952 , 1.090
952 , 1.100
952 , 1.170
952 , 1.190
952 , 1.250
22554046
22741846
3668651
25701975
152715527
3465197
81049920
1564715
3897852
61426848
31192189
9518349
3718555
62405120
23109164
47510403
5675825
2148287
5211461
13973609
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
3464.4
776
956 , 1.140
28828231
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
12679
3549.3
2885.9
7720.5
26042
1884.1
10252
25912
4665
3024.5
896
682
632
800
648
741
886
930
852
832
960 , 1.040
960 , 1.130
960 , 1.200
960 , 1.220
964 , 1.040
964 , 1.070
964 , 1.270
968 , 1.030
972 , 1.030
972 , 1.050
70487893
6761554
1661470
4060813
19941654
44423280
7840552
99877080537
31407536
62669436
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2462
788
972 , 1.190
4648887
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2462
711
972 , 1.200
5121486
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
6864.5
778
976 , 1.110
24019819
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
9210.6
4603.4
6365.7
19028
3089.7
7698
2343.1
900
709
799
860
861
795
591
976 , 1.240
980 , 1.140
984 , 1.040
984 , 1.220
984 , 1.240
988 , 1.000
988 , 1.040
3493985
13159890
101270783
11029701
1539169
53615497
3083634
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
1743.5
777
988 , 1.160
12408288
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
7080.9
5114.9
2401.7
2104.5
3636.2
23548
11380
12222
12222
3624.7
1899
4207.3
6230.5
4870.6
881
801
554
772
668
899
859
740
625
699
690
772
885
860
988 , 1.310
992 , 1.030
992 , 1.040
992 , 1.080
996 , 1.050
996 , 1.230
1000, 1.010
1000, 1.090
1000, 1.100
1000, 1.160
1004, 1.080
1004, 1.290
1008, 1.010
1008, 1.040
4134697
184675693
2328165
107160831
26555739
29873415
61874827
58370158
36647215
5491199
19075304
5065935
20217108
105673593
Peak
Name
Classifications
S/N
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
Unknown 25
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-propylAcenaphthylene, 1,2,2a,3,4,5-hexahydroNaphthalene, 2,6-dimethylCyclopentane, 1,1'-(1,4-butandiyl)bisUnknown 26
11-Tridecyn-1-ol
Diphenylmethane
Ethanone, 1-(2-methylphenyl)Tetradecane, 3-methylSpiro[3.6]deca-5,7-dien-1-one,5,9,9-trimethyl
1-Phenyl-1-heptyne
Unknown 27
Cyclopentadecane
Cyclohexene, 1-octylBenzene, octylUnknown 28
Unknown 29
1H-Indene, 1-methyl-3-propylNaphthalene, 2,6-dimethylBiphenylene, 1,2,3,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-4,5-
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclopentadecane
Unknown 30
Unknown 31
Naphthalene, 2-(1-methylethyl)Unknown 32
7-Pentadecyne
Naphthalene, 2,6-dimethylPentadecane
Cyclopentadecane
7-Pentadecyne
1H-Indene,
3-ethenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,11H-Inden-1-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,4,7-trimethyl1H-Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene,
octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-(1methylethyl)-, [3aS-(3aà,3bá,4á,7à,7aS*)]1,1'-Biphenyl, 4-methyl1,8-Cyclopentadecadiyne
7-Pentadecyne
Naphthalene, 1-propyl1,1'-Biphenyl, 4-methylSulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexyl hexyl ester
Unknown 33
Biphenylene, 1,2,3,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-4,5Acenaphthene
Cyclotetradecane
Unknown 34
Longipinene epoxide
Unknown 35
Naphthalene, 1,4,5-trimethylDecane
Benzene, (1-ethylheptyl)Unknown 36
Unknown 37
Unknown 38
1-Isopropenylnaphthalene
Pentadecane, 2-methylCyclopentadecane
Benzene, 1-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)-4-(2methylpropyl)n-Nonylcyclohexane
Cyclopentadecanol
Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trimethyl-3-(2propenyl)-, (1à,2á,3à,5à)Naphthalene, 1,4,5-trimethylPentadecane, 3-methyl7-Octadecyne, 2-methylSpiro[3.6]deca-5,7-dien-1-one,5,9,9-trimethyl
1H-Indene, 3-ethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)3-Hexadecene, (Z)Unknown 39
Cyclohexene, 1-nonylBenzene, nonylUnknown 40
1-Hexadecanol
Unknown 41
Hexane, 2-phenyl-3-propylá-Vatirenene
Naphthalene, 1,4,5-trimethylHexadecane
Unknown 42
Unknown 43
Unknown 44
2-Ethyl-1-dodecanol
11-Hexadecen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)1,1'-Biphenyl, 2-ethyl-
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
5181.3
768
1008, 1.160
4755882
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
7416.4
3459.8
720
808
1012, 1.050
1012, 1.070
2111180
12158264
1655
800
1012, 1.100
22059027
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
19047
5298.3
4263.3
21308
1809.9
2805.1
5799.3
3524.9
10209
5850.6
9405.2
1936.7
6277.4
1986.1
10199
18578
4658.7
6322.4
2026.3
7184.6
2486.3
4143.2
883
902
834
708
784
881
695
843
859
602
918
636
722
717
892
916
598
679
666
855
794
731
1012, 1.250
1016, 1.010
1016, 1.060
1016, 1.100
1016, 1.210
1020, 1.030
1020, 1.120
1024, 1.080
1024, 1.110
1024, 1.180
1028, 1.050
1028, 1.120
1028, 1.130
1028, 1.160
1028, 1.260
1032, 1.050
1032, 1.070
1032, 1.140
1036, 1.230
1040, 1.010
1040 , 1.07
1040, 1.250
19586450
50124197
42300967
46981227
5770127
19013283
1985926
35322519
16964976
6885530
130692467
8348626
8382713
7684416
8572880
205969156
1428438
3783189
8409488
66445408
40959437
3145562
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
26
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
7887.7
1924.2
4710.7
4245.8
2206.9
3393.7
20898
2222.7
9143.9
5940
5898.1
1886.2
3524.6
12731
1957.7
1902.4
9166.7
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
857
651
584
612
690
876
811
766
536
663
834
685
822
900
724
496
891
1040, 1.260
1044, 1.220
1048, 1.040
1048, 1.050
1048, 1.150
1052, 1.020
1052, 1.050
1052, 1.080
1056, 1.060
1056, 1.110
1056, 1.240
1056, 1.260
1056, 1.300
1056, 1.340
1060, 1.060
1060, 1.070
1064, 1.020
7034158
2258009
40241639
3803954
5633371
45173689
832190901
32254929
3729305
22629358
24934882
1230088
3200745
5310780
90245738
2738964
118797460
12721
760
1068, 1.120
33964381
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
3209.7
4922.9
8745.4
5701.8
6807.7
4370.3
2813.6
3431
4423.3
3246.8
3694.8
19496
4618.9
5163
6200.6
7239.6
6093.9
7902.8
5757.7
3199
20558
7914.7
2385.1
2137.8
1725.6
1910
3358.9
2520.5
692
824
893
795
842
768
797
672
755
754
766
702
863
821
884
798
846
821
742
809
897
825
819
772
737
752
875
623
1068, 1.270
1068, 1.320
1068, 1.340
1072, 1.250
1076, 1.020
1076, 1.040
1076, 1.060
1076, 1.080
1076, 1.180
1076, 1.290
1084, 1.040
1084, 1.120
1088, 1.020
1088, 1.320
109 , 1.060
1092, 1.140
1092, 1.280
1096, 1.050
1096, 1.150
1096, 1.290
1100, 1.070
1104, 1.060
1104, 1.320
1108, 1.080
1108, 1.120
1108, 1.270
1112, 1.050
1112, 1.070
4803992
3735411
9890453
13033095
27251515
46647582
93017447
25054540
8738885
4498918
45287605
35470293
106230659
5587345
68469203
13911074
11978759
67067718
23603026
2836405
160436681
53310961
2802684
47471523
55386626
5230075
42725338
3700705
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
1689.4
745
1112, 1.330
1374328
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
1685.3
4789.6
1944.7
2547.4
681
688
804
520
1116, 1.130
1116, 1.260
1120, 1.090
1120, 1.170
14652446
2149631
51470604
2498732
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2170.7
750
1120, 1.260
8607644
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
1861.3
6277.1
1762
9118.5
5187.6
2162
3290.7
3650.9
811
761
672
880
688
725
727
846
1120, 1.290
1124, 1.060
1124, 1.290
1128, 1.030
1128, 1.250
1128, 1.270
1128, 1.340
1132, 1.040
1595906
59480424
1752101
188920180
8415183
1268575
808095
34816695
9892.8
720
1132, 1.130
13217881
8030.7
13184
1910.9
1704.4
1900.8
5047.7
1694.5
4002.9
3352.4
3185.6
18751
1728.6
3885.4
2533.7
5462
4465.4
2581.7
1791.7
17692
4302
1755.5
5852
3244.6
924
893
752
827
679
771
758
747
900
801
726
718
825
615
586
782
462
772
915
710
826
802
871
1136, 1.030
1136, 1.370
1140, 1.060
1140, 1.070
1140, 1.270
1140, 1.340
1140, 1.350
1144, 1.080
1144, 1.400
1148, 1.090
1148, 1.140
1148, 1.280
1148, 1.370
1152, 1.160
1156, 1.080
1156, 1.160
1156, 1.230
1156, 1.390
1160, 1.090
1160, 1.180
1160, 1.490
1164, 1.070
1172, 1.070
94775829
9728892
9566735
87523398
2002709
2474012
6028198
11318780
1917563
60042786
33214457
2216082
3138709
3677395
51611021
12342493
2766450
529352
169671000
31852556
1219135
28410351
63661720
Peak
Name
Classifications
S/N
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
Naphthalene, 1,4,5-trimethylUnknown 45
Unknown 46
Unknown 47
Unknown 48
Heptadecane
Oxalic acid, butyl cyclohexylmethyl ester
8-Hexadecyne
Unknown 49
Unknown 50
Naphthalene, 2-butylUnknown 51
Naphthalene, 1,4,5-trimethylFluorene
cis-7-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate
Unknown 52
Pentadecane
4,6,6-Trimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)3oxatricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]octane
Unknown 53
9H-Fluorene, 2-methylNaphthalene, 1-(2-propenyl)Naphthalene, 2-methyl-1-propylTetradecane, 1-iodo3-Heptadecene, (Z)Cyclopentane, undecylUnknown 54
1H-Indene, 5-hexyl-2,3-dihydro1,1'-Biphenyl, 2-ethylCyclododecanemethanol
Spiro[3.6]deca-5,7-dien-1-one,5,9,9-trimethyl
1-Decanol, 2-hexyl1,1'-Biphenyl, 2-ethyl8-Heptadecene
Benzene, decylBenzene, 1,1'-(1,3-propanediyl)bis1-Decanol, 2-hexylBenzene, (1-methylnonyl)Naphthalene, 1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)Heptadecane
3-Heptadecene, (Z)2,2'-Dimethylbiphenyl
5-Heptadecene, 1-bromoCaryophyllene oxide
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl8-Heptadecene
Unknown 55
Benzene, 1,1',1'',1'''-(1,5-hexadiene-1,3,4,6tetrayl)tetrakisUnknown 56
Unknown 57
E,Z-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol
Unknown 58
1,2,3,3a,8,9,9a,9bOctahydrocyclopenta[def]phenanthrene
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylE-2-Octadecadecen-1-ol
Unknown 59
Tetradecane, 4-ethylUnknown 60
Naphthalene, 1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)2,2'-Dimethylbiphenyl
5-Octadecene, (E)Cyclopropa[1,2:1,3]dicyclopenten-3(3aH)one, 1,2,3b,6-tetrahydro-3a,6,6-trimethylHeptadecane, 2-methyl9H-Fluorene, 2-methylE-7-Octadecene
1-Eicosanol
Unknown 61
9H-Fluorene, 9,9-dimethyl1,1'-Biphenyl, 2-ethylCyclohexane, undecyl9H-Fluorene, 1-methyl9-Eicosyne
2,8-Decadiyne
Azulene, 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)9H-Fluorene, 9,9-dimethylUnknown 62
Unknown 63
Benzene, undecylUnknown 64
2,2'-Dimethylbiphenyl
Octadecane
Benzene, (1-methyldecyl)9H-Fluoren-9-one
1-Octadecanol
1-Octadecanol
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Saturate
Cyclic /branched
27
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
2588.4
3441.3
1919.8
8823.3
4647.2
29635
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
699
796
545
876
796
942
1180, 1.090
1180, 1.290
1184, 1.190
1188, 1.050
1188, 1.280
1188, 1.510
6040638
3221559
3770387
85244181
5660539
11268311
Phenanthrene
3878.3
777
1192, 1.400
3564796
Cyclic /branched
4174.6
7233.3
1716.9
6506.6
1917.9
5691.5
1957
17628
4016.6
3510.4
4310.2
2513.6
4099.1
4085.2
2460.9
8028
4425.4
2516.6
2001.7
1996.1
14619
7152.7
3853.2
4558.6
3238.8
2768.3
5970.6
4568.6
1773.7
3031.2
4447.7
2018.4
9137.7
6506.4
2407.9
8949.9
8059.4
11570
2745.6
8828.2
3319
3169.5
7402
5927.6
2084.9
10551
8354.3
2454.6
2058.1
2502.2
8878
8746.7
10170
10170
6775.3
2536.3
2990.8
14618
2200.1
2624.5
2724.8
6920.4
3053.7
1815.5
3022.5
1978.6
1947.8
6027.5
11427
1889.7
1631.6
897
773
633
824
779
789
645
725
882
526
875
729
803
876
749
730
900
854
858
588
791
851
925
811
929
690
686
922
880
795
699
699
696
759
763
939
917
707
814
762
851
703
763
873
748
618
841
683
697
871
799
779
637
747
941
717
831
879
600
868
893
730
542
748
867
556
697
846
810
873
824
1196, 1.050
1196, 1.160
1196, 1.220
1200, 1.090
1204, 1.100
1204, 1.110
1204, 1.220
1208, 1.170
1212, 1.070
1212, 1.090
1212, 1.420
1216, 1.410
1220, 1.200
1220, 1.460
1224, 1.090
1224, 1.180
1228, 1.100
1232, 1.070
1236, 1.080
1236, 1.200
1240, 1.110
1244, 1.070
1244, 2.330
1248, 1.110
1252, 1.070
1252, 1.140
1252, 1.190
1256, 1.540
1260, 1.080
1260, 1.440
1264, 1.120
1264, 1.150
1264, 1.200
1268, 1.110
1268, 1.160
1272, 1.130
1272, 1.610
1276, 1.220
1280, 1.150
1280, 1.220
1284, 1.100
1284, 1.120
1292, 1.140
1296, 1.100
1296, 1.120
1296, 1.140
1300, 1.140
1304, 1.160
1308, 1.370
1312, 1.110
1312, 1.170
1320, 1.170
1320, 1.240
1320, 1.250
1328, 1.160
1332, 1.160
1332, 1.210
1332, 1.270
1332, 1.280
1332, 1.680
1336, 1.160
1336, 1.280
1340, 1.180
1340, 1.200
1344, 1.150
1344, 1.220
1344, 1.280
1352, 1.160
1352, 1.210
1352, 1.880
1364, 1.180
73818121
16098219
778819
83681429
27666148
55765930
1989562
45928420
303721845
19368015
8837433
2455980
11398821
2219688
34386697
8247448
68455384
27978849
58310372
989088
19563662
75981879
43936831
91238249
42769210
29980773
3282012
4306205
31942210
7767514
797297072
24350280
13976900
132905053
60127573
200763969
5649189
9124343
100581593
9061139
109222697
84744780
70871020
70213516
50536192
1059137
102523858
3572632
3014060
88133060
240378649
16792084
5218131
3014854
163966492
25224026
26105134
8244695
1149173
3589228
146360408
7370008
3076788
18149517
13272241
6389376
2411141
42908330
30070774
702495
35556215
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
2491.7
724
1364, 1.330
2275292
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
7115.7
3697.7
4767.5
7828.2
5918.1
1674.2
2483.3
4219.6
815
809
749
715
944
810
694
896
1368, 1.250
1372, 1.220
1376, 1.240
1376, 1.370
1380, 1.250
1384, 1.260
1384, 1.370
1384, 2.120
20073582
0
47206597
4957613
121781447
94890978
1984467
2269790
Peak
Name
Classifications
S/N
378
379
380
381
382
383
Unknown 65
Naphthalene, 1-hexylUnknown 66
Pentadecane, 8-hexylNaphthalene, 2-hexylPhenanthrene
4-Phenanthrenol,
Cyclic /branched
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
Cyclic /branched
Phenanthrene
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-
Octadecane, 2-methylBicyclo[10.6.0]octadeca-1(12),15-diene
Unknown 67
Cyclododecanemethanol
1-Octadecanol
1,13-Tetradecadiene
Unknown 68
2,8-Decadiyne
2-Ethyl-1-dodecanol
Unknown 69
9H-Fluorene, 9,9-dimethylAnthracene, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dimethylBenzene, dodecyl9H-Fluorene, 9,9-dimethylNonadecane
Benzene, (1-methylundecyl)1-Nonadecene
Eicosane, 2-methyl1-Docosene
Unknown 70
Oxalic acid, di(cyclohexylmethyl) ester
Pentadecane, 2,6,10-trimethylHeptacosane
9-Nonadecene
Nonadecane, 2-methylUnknown 71
Unknown 72
Phenanthrene, 1-methylEicosane, 2-methyl5H-Dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-5-ol
Unknown 73
Unknown 74
Unknown 75
1-Eicosene
9,12-Octadecadienal
Eicosane
Phenanthrene, 1-methylBenzene, tridecyl1-Octadecyne
Benzene, (1-methyldodecyl)Nonadecane
1-Eicosene
Cyclooctane, cyclohexylPentadecane
5-Tridecene, (Z)Unknown 76
Cycloeicosane
Unknown 77
Unknown 78
Nonadecane, 2-methylCyclododecanemethanol
Cyclohexane, 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bisUnknown 79
Benzene, (1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)Heneicosane
Cyclooctane, 1,2-diethylCyclohexene, 3-nonylBenzene, tetradecylUnknown 80
Phenanthrene, 2,5-dimethyl1-Nonadecene
Benzene, (1,3-dimethylbutyl)Unknown 81
2-Tetradecyne
Octadecane
Unknown 82
Unknown 83
Eicosane, 2,4-dimethylOxalic acid, di(cyclohexylmethyl) ester
Pyrene
Eicosane, 2-methylBenzene,
1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis[4Oxalic acid, cyclohexylmethyl propyl ester
1-Octene, 3,7-dimethyl1-Tricosanol
Benzene, 1-methyl-3-hexylDocosane
Cyclooctane, 1,2-diethylUnknown 84
Pyrene
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene
Saturate
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Phenanthrene
Cyclic /branched
Phenanthrene
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Saturate
Phenanthrene
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
28
Chemical and Process Engineering Research
ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online)
Vol.48, 2017
www.iiste.org
Primary and secondary column
R.T. (s)
Area
9440.2
5063.2
4500.1
3545.4
3676.7
1850.5
3737.3
7075.4
2512.9
2217.8
2217.8
2910.4
1921
4706.8
4104.4
2474.9
3175.3
2682.7
3241.5
5757.3
2371.1
2210.4
Similarity
as
per
NIST
library match
864
870
759
926
825
799
788
836
779
771
593
840
810
766
571
673
678
558
876
891
785
838
1388, 1.380
1392, 1.260
1392, 1.400
1392, 2.440
1400, 1.230
1400, 1.330
1404, 1.310
1408, 1.310
1412, 1.250
1416, 1.300
1416, 1.310
1420, 1.260
1424, 1.360
1432, 1.330
1436, 1.350
1436, 1.400
1436, 1.510
1440, 0.810
1448, 1.370
1448, 1.530
1452, 1.550
1464, 1.340
5713686
63782465
5570871
28245176
44068750
4035310
6065747
16515478
8496945
20760982
4394470
34292624
5854926
139568905
35381184
6440184
5522024
48771238
48479823
5261138
1825053
13895635
Cyclic /branched
1945.2
805
1464, 1.430
8713102
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Saturate
3935.8
1954.1
5438.3
2813.2
2735
2465.2
2445.3
2806.7
2160.3
2236.2
7097.5
1826.3
843
824
880
754
822
719
804
856
906
900
919
781
1472, 1.440
1492, 1.440
1496, 1.470
1496, 1.490
1500, 1.520
1500, 1.670
1516, 1.710
1540, 1.590
1552, 2.840
1564, 1.580
1568, 1.630
1572, 1.690
8486233
3198016
101044613
92926991
21374587
2100339
2749140
7434440
24482356
18751316
83010039
3474905
1.23296E+11
Peak
Name
Classifications
S/N
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
Benzene, pentadecylCyclotetracosane
Benzene, (1,3-dimethylbutyl)Heptacosane
Pentadecane
1,1'-Bicycloheptyl
Cyclohexane, 1-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-, transCyclohexane, 1-methyl-3-pentylDocosane
Cyclooctane, (1-methylpropyl)Unknown 85
Docosane, 2,21-dimethylEthanone, 1-(1-methylcyclohexyl)1-Octadecanol
Tricosane
Unknown 87
Unknown 88
Unknown 89
1-Docosene
Benzene, hexadecylBenzene, (1-methylpentadecyl)Tetradecane, 1-iodoCyclohexane,
1,1'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
Total
Cyclohexane, 1-isopropyl-1-methylDecane, 2,3,5,8-tetramethylTetracosane
Cyclopentadecane
n-Heptadecylcyclohexane
Benzene, 1-methyl-3-hexyln-Heptadecylbenzene
Oxalic acid, di(cyclohexylmethyl) ester
Heptacosane
Octadecane
Pentacosane
Cyclohexane, (1-methylethyl)-
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Saturate
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes)
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Cyclic /branched
Saturate
waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons (figure 2 and table 1) was analyzed by GCxGC TOF MS
spectrometer in accordance with the various retention time and S/N (signal by noise) different types of saturated
hydrocarbon compounds such as (Nonane, Undecane, Dodecane, Tridecane, Pentadecane), benzene derivatives
compounds such as (Benzaldehyde, Benzene, 1-ethyl-4-methyl-, Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-, Benzene, 1-ethenyl2-methyl-, Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-) and cyclobenzene derivatives compounds such as (Cyclodecane, Oxalic
acid, isobutyl nonyl ester, Cyclopentene, 1-butyl-, Decane, 2-methyl-) are appeared in the analysis result index.
Above GCxGC TOF MS report show that liquid hydrocarbon consists 9.742% saturated hydrocarbons, 53.983%
branched/cyclic hydrocarbons, 10.99% aromatics hydrocarbons (benzene, Nepthalines), 0.245% phenanthrene
hydrocarbons and 25.04% unclassified hydrocarbon. Based on the retention time and S/N numbers following
hydrocarbon compounds, as follows such as at the initial phase of the analysis at retention time (primary and
secondary column) 476, 0.920 and S/N number 4420.7 compound is Nonane, retention time 536, 1.020 and S/N
number 3433.5, compound is Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-, retention time 540, 1.110 and S/N number 2270.3,
compound is Benzaldehyde, retention time 552, 0.950 and S/N number 9899.6, compound is 1-Decene, retention
time 556, 0.980 and S/N number 3509.3, compound is Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane, retention time 556, 1.040 and S/N
number 25980, compound is Benzene, 1-ethyl-4-methyl-, retention time 560, 0.940 and S/N number 13479,
compound is Decane, retention time 564, 0.980 and S/N number 2573.4, compound is Cycloheptane, bromo-,
retention time 568 , 1.030 and S/N number 9522.3, compound is Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-, retention time 568 ,
1.050 and S/N number 2277.3, compound is Benzene, 1-ethenyl-2-methyl- respectively.
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Figure 3 FT-IR Spectrum of waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons
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Table 2 FT-IR spectrums waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons functional group name
Number of Peak
Wave Numbers (cm-1)
Functional Group Name
1
2956.07
-CH3
2
2921.83
-CH3
3
2853.04
-CH3
1641.51
C=C
4
1463.88
C=C
5
-CH3
6
1377.48
-CH=CH
7
991.76
-CH=CH
8
965.28
-CH=CH-(cis)
9
908.91
10
888.17
-CH=CH
721.48
-C-H
11
632.51
12
FT-IR analysis of liquid hydrocarbon fuel (Figure 2 and Table 1) according to their wave numbers and
spectrum band following types of functional groups are appeared in the analysis. We noticed that in the spectrum
field wave numbers 2956.07 cm-1, 2921.83 cm-1 and 2853.04 cm-1 functional group is -CH3, wave numbers
1641.51 cm-1 and 1463.88 cm-1 functional group is C=C, wave number 1377.48 cm-1, functional group is CH3,
wave numbers 991.76 cm-1, 965.28 cm-1, 908.91 cm-1 and 888.17 cm-1 functional group is -CH=CH2, wave
number 721.51 cm-1 functional group is –C-H. Energy values are calculated by E=hυ, where h=plank constant, h
=6.626x10-34 J, υ= Frequency in Hertz (sec-1), Where υ=c/λ, c=Speed of light, where, c=3x1010 m/s, W=1/λ,
where λ is wave length and W is wave number in cm-1. Therefore the equation E=hυ, can substitute by the
following equation, E=hcW. According to their wave number energies value are calculated such as for 2956.07
(cm-1) calculated energy, E=5.87x10-20 J, wave number 2921.83 (cm-1) calculated energy, E=5.80x10-20 J, wave
number 2853.04 (cm-1) calculated energy, E=5.67x10-20 J, wave number 1641.51 (cm-1) calculated energy,
E=3.26x10-20 J, wave number 1463.88 (cm-1) calculated energy, E=2.90x10-20 J respectively.
Figure 4 13CNMR spectrum waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbon fuel
CNMR spectrum (Figure-4) show more chemical shift (ppm) due to combination of different types of
carbon. Chemical Shift in 13C NMR spectrum resembles to proton NMR spectrum. Each carbon nucleus has its
own chemical environment due to non-equivalent nuclei, it feels a different magnetic field, and absorbs at
different applied magnetic fields strength. In 13CNMR spectrum 14.12 signal and carbon is CH3, 22.71 signal and
carbon is CH2, 29.39, 29.73 signals and carbon is CH2, 31.96 signal and carbon is R3-C.
13
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Figure 5 1H NMR spectrum waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbon fuel
HNMR spectrum (Figure-5) show that 4 peaks. Four types of proton are present in liquid hydrocarbons
such as compound Propane, 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl-.
1
Picture 1 waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbon fuel, Picture 2 CuCO3 catalysts, Picture 3 Residue,
Picture 4 waste hdpe plastic
Conclusion
In the present investigation successful catalytic pyrolysis conversion of waste plastic (hdpe) was carried out
under reaction condition, waste plastic (hdpe) degrade in the presence of CuCO3 catalyst resulted in different
fractions. Collected liquid hydrocarbon fuel density was 78 g ml-1 and fuel was characterized by GCxGC TOF
MS, FT-IR, 13CNMR and 1HNMR. Analysis results show accordance of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
withought including such as cupper metals. Long chain hydrocarbons have broken down into smaller
hydrocarbons by pyrolysis conversion process. Liquid hydrocarbons, gaseous and solid residue are very good
source of chemicals. Liquid hydrocarbons fuel has a high flammable capacity and its contents highly
combustible.
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge, Hamlata, for her esteemed support in formatting paper.
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Chemical and Process Engineering Research
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