Bennito Mussolini was a fascist dictator in Italy from 1922 to 1943; he centralized all power wi
thin him self as the leader of the Fascist party, in attempt to create an Italian empire. Mussolini'
s rise to power was rapid, as he had become successful in improving the Italian economy and bringing
stability, as he said, "He made the trains run on time"(as somebody was shot otherwise). Like Hitle
r, Mussolini served in World War1 and returned to find his country in political and economic chaos,
and in response formed an extremist political party. This soon led to a program of militarisation. T
he Italians ignored any "rumors" of police brutality as they were more focused on Mussolini's visibl
e success. After invading Ethiopia by using tactics which were condemned by the French and the Briti
sh, Mussolini looked elsewhere for allies and found Germany and Japan. After joining Hitler in supp
orting the Fascist "Nationalists" side in 1936, he gained an ally, Spanish Generalissimo Franco, but
being associated with the atrocities of this brutal war lost him support in the rest of the world.
Mussolini's downfall began when he joined Germany in the Second World War against Britain and France
, Italian armies were not only beaten by the modern forces of Britain, France and the USA, but also
the Greeks, when they attempted to invade Greece in 1941. By July 1943, Italy had lost all of it col
onies in Africa, and most of its army, and was being invaded. Mussolini was deposed by a revolt with
in his own Fascist Grand Council, and Victor Emmanuael III, the King of Italy, who had been reduced
to a figurehead by Mussolini, appointed Marshal Badoglio to be the new Prime Minister. Mussolini was
arrested, while Italy attempted to change sides. In the southern part of Italy, occupied by the All
ies, this succeeded, and the new Italian government helped create the Italian Co-Belligerent Forces.
Hitler sent German paratroops to rescue Mussolini from the mountaintop resort where he was imprison
ed. He then set up the Italian Social Republic in German-held northern Italy, with Mussolini as its
leader. When the Germans surrendered in northern Italy, in April 1945, Mussolini was arrested again.
He and his mistress, Clara Petacci, were removed from the jail at Giulino di Messegra and lynched,
by the local Communist partisans.
Fascism was developed in Italy and other European nations after 1
919 as a reaction to the political and social changes brought by the First World War, and the spread
of socialism and communism. Fascism is a way that people become substandard to a totalitarian dicta
tor. Fascism is mostly identified by traits such as strong restrictions on freedom of speech, as if
you are able to control what people can say you are able to restrict what they can think giving the
dictator a complete and total power. Another main characteristic is the violation of many human rig
hts. The last main attribute is the presence of one main authoritarian leader who makes him self the
center of the government and eliminates any opposition, usually by violent means. Fascism that had
been born out of the distressed conditions left by WWI was eventually killed as an active political
idea and form of government by the overwhelming defeat of the Fascist nations in World War II.
Comm
unism! Joseph Stalin was a communist leader of Russia, he was born in 1879 his real name was Djugas
hvili, but he later changed it to Stalin, which meant "man of steel". Stalin's rise in to power firs
t began with a small roll in the Bolshevik seizure of power, then Stalin became party secretary and
used the post of general secretary to find out everything that was going on within the party, and ma
de sure his supporters filled all posts. He managed to build up support for himself throughout Russi
a, when the other leaders discovered what had been going on, it was too late for them to do anything
about it. Between 1924 and 1929 Stalin managed to force most of the other leading Bolsheviks out of
power and by 1928 Stalin was in total control, and he immediately began to change the agriculture a
nd industry. So, in 1928 Stalin ended Lenin's New Economic Policy and began to force all peasants to
join Collective Farms. Peasants had to group their machinery and livestock on large farms, which we
re controlled by the State, due to this, 5million richer peasants, Kulaks, were murdered or starved
to death. On the Collective farms, peasants were forced to hand over their produce to the government
and were either paid wages or had to feed themselves on what was left over. The consequent result o
f this was a dreadful famine, 5million people starved to death in the Soviet Union between 1932 to 1
934. Kulaks burnt their crops and killed their animals, rather than handing them over.
In Stalin's
five-year plan of collectivization every business or factory was given a target, which it had to mee
t every year for a five-year period. Punishment for failing to meet targets was very severe factory
managers were executed for such errors. Those who objected to Stalin's methods ended up in slave lab
or camps called Gulags, here they worked with little food for ten years or more, many people died fr
om exhaustion. Production from 1928 to 1941, increased by 400% but how much of that increase was gen
uine is very difficult to say. 7,000,000 people "disappeared" including millions of ordinary Soviet
citizens, who often did not know what they had done to anger Stalin, most of the senior officers in
the Red Army and the Red Navy were also executed. Stalin's life came to a sudden in Moscow when he s
uffered from a brain hemorrhage, on March5, 1953. Communism is a society without money, without a st
ate, without property and without social classes. People come together to carry out a project or to
respond to some need of the human community but without the possibility of their collective activity
taking the form of an enterprise that involves wages and the exchange of its products. The circulat
ion of goods is not accomplished by means of exchange: quite the contrary, the by-word for this soci
ety is "from each according to their abilities, to each according to their needs".
bennito mussolin
i fascist dictator italy from centralized power within self leader fascist party attempt create ital
ian empire mussolini rise power rapid become successful improving italian economy bringing stability
said made trains time somebody shot otherwise like hitler mussolini served world returned find coun
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