IRANIAN CHARACTER OF THE ARMENIAN LANGUAGE “Müller's view, that Armenian is Iranian, has not been disproved, and must be designated as the best established and the prevailing one at present." Dr. Heinrich Hubschmann Xenophon, an ancient Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. (Xenophon. Anabasis. pp. IV.v.2–9.) Eminent scholars of the Armenian language such as the former chair of the Linguistics Department at University of Texas, the late Dr. Winfred Lehman concede that Armenian may be an Iranian subgroup language. Moreover, obvious similarities in vocabulary and structure between the languages are well known to bilingual speakers of Persian and Armenian. This is a small sample word list intended to demonstrate the depth of similarity in even the oldest, most core and basic Persian and Armenian words which cannot necessarily be categorized as “loan words.” In some cases, certain derivate words are listed. In most cases, derivative words are not listed, as a complete listing of derivative words would number in the several thousands. This is a relatively random sample. I refer you to the following essay by the linguist Heinrich Hubschmann, ON THE POSITION OF ARMENIAN IN THE SPHERE OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/read12.html. It is an extensive discussion of this very issue. Though ultimately Dr. Hubschmann’s findings as to the Iranian character of the Armenian language are inconclusive, Hubschmann states unequivocally: “Müller's view, that Armenian is Iranian, has not been disproved, and must be designated as the best established and the prevailing one at present." I. Sample Word List * Persian Old Persian Armenian TIME AND EXPRESSIONS OF TIME, AGE 1. Zaman (time) Zamanag Zhamanak (time) ժամանակ 2. Zaman (time) Zamanag Zham (hour) ժամ 3. Zaman (time) Zamanag Zhamanel (to arrive) 4. Vaght (time) Vaght (time) 5. Hengam (moment) Angam Անգամ hangamank հանգամանք (circumstance) 6. Hengam (moment) 7. Hengam (moment) հանգամանք ժամանակին — actual state of things 8. Hengam (moment) ստիպողական հանգամանք — emergency 9. Zood (soon) Shoot (soon) 10. Hamishe (always) Hamishag Misht (always) 11. Javan (Young) Jahel Jivan 12. Han (Middle Persian – old) Hin հին 13. No (new) Nor Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 1 COLORS 14. Sepid (white) 15. Sia (black) 16. Kabood (blue) 17. Narenji (orange) 18. Banafsheh (violet) 19. N/A 20. N/A 21. Zard (yellow) 22. Goon (type) 23. Rang (color) 24. Rang (color) Sepidag Siav nārang Vanashak Charmak (white) Karmir (red) Spitag (white) Sev (black) Kapooyt (blue) Narenj (orange) մանուշակ Manooshag Jermak (white) karmīr (red) zartagoyn (saffron colored) Gooyn (color) գոյն Rang (type) ռանգ Yerang (color, dye) EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION 25. Naameh (letter) Naamag նամակ (namak) Naamag 26. Pasokh/sokhan (answer) Patsokhan Patashkhan պատասխանի 27. Neshan (sign, to show) Nshan (sign) 28. Neshan (sign, to show) Nshanakoom (meaning/definition) 29. Manand (likeness) Nman (likeness) 30. Nemane (example) Nman/Nmoosh 31. Matyan/Matikan (Book) (Old Persian) մատյան (matyan) (Journal) 32. Paygham (message) Paygam patgam (message) 33. Farhang Frahang hrahang (instruction) 34. Negar (look) Nkar (picture) 35. Negarestan (Museam / Portrait Gallery) Nkar (picture) 36. Zang (to call, ring, bell) Zang (to call, ring, bell) 37. Dabir (scribe, secretary) Dipir Dpir դպիր (chancellor) 38. Dabir Dipir Hrovartagatz Dpir հրովարտակաց դպիր - secretary of State 39. Dabestan/Dabirestan (school/highschool) Dbrotz (school) 40. Medad (Pencil) Matit 41. Shagerd (student) Ashagert 42. Dars (Lesson) Das Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 2 LAW, GOVERNMENT, AND ADMINISTRATION 43. Divan (archives, registry) Divan դիվան / Dvin* *Also the origin of the modern Armenian city name Dvin, which was the location of a key regional administration and records center of the Iranian Sassanian Empire. 44. Mohr (seal) 45. Mohr (seal) 46. Drafsh ((flag) 47. Mard (man) 48. Azad (free) 49. Azadegan (the free ones) 50. Marz (frontier) 51. Marzban (borderguard) 52. Dehghan 53. Saman (Boundary/limit) 54. Pasban (guardian) Parapan 55. Shahrestan 56. Taj (crown) 57. Taj (crown) 58. Taj (crown) 59. Darban (door/gate-keeper) 60. Farman (command) 61. Farmandar (commander) 62. Farman (command) 63. Farman (command) 64. Farman (command) 65. Farman (command) 66. Farman (command) 67. Farman (command) 68. Gah (Place) 69. Dad (Justice) 70. Dadan (To Give/bestow) 71. Dad (Justice) 72. Davar (Judge/Referee) 73. Davar (Judge/Referee) 74. Davar (Judge/Referee) 75. Davar (Judge/Referee) 76. Davar (Judge/Referee) 77. Davar (Judge/Referee) Tag Tag Tag Framan muhr morhak (sealed deed) Drosh դրօշ Mard մարդ Azad Azadagan Marz (province) Marzban (governor) Dehkan սահման (sahman) պահապան (pahapan) շահաստան (šhahastan) Tag (crown) Tagavor (king), Tagoohi (queen) darapan “door-keeper” Hraman հրաման Hramanatar հակառակ հրաման — counterorder հրամանք — destiny, fate, lot, fatality; doom հրաման հաւատոց — doctrine of faith հրաման պատասխանւոյ — oracle անդարձ հրաման — irrevocable order հրաման տալ վասն տանն իւրոյ — to make one's will Da Datavar Datavar Datavar Datavar Datavar Datavar Gah (throne) Dat (Justice) դատ տալ (dal, “to give”) դատել (datel) Datavor (Judge) արդարադատաւորութիւն դատաւորաբար դատաւորանոց դատաւորարան դատաւորութիւն Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 3 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. Davar (Judge/Referee) Datavar նդատաւոր Dadgah Dataran (Court) Dadegan Datagan դատական համակարգ — judicial system Dadegan Datagan դատական նիստ — sitting of the court Dadegan Datagan դատական հայց — legal action Far (glory) Parrk փառք Nokhost (First/Foremost/Prime) նախ (nakh) Nokhost Nakhvadar Nakharar նախարար Nokhost (First/Foremost/Prime) նախագահ Nokhost (First/Foremost/Prime) նախդիր Nokhost (First/Foremost/Prime) նախամայր Ganj (treasure) գանձապահ (ganjapah) Ganj (treasure) գանձարան (ganjaran) (treasury) Ganj “treasure” գանձել (ganjel) (to treasure) Dašht “field, plain” Dasht Dashtagerd (old Persian) dastakert “village, estate” Doshvar (difficult) Dzhvar Band (enclose) բանտ Bant (prison) բանտարկել Bantarkel (to imprison) Band (enclose) 97. Band (enclose) 98. 99. 100. Band (enclose, imprison) Zendan (prison) Kalantari (police station) բանտարկություն (bantarkut’yun) (imprisonment) պինդ (pind, “firm, hard, solid”) zndan զնդան կալանատուն (kalanatun) WAR, WEAPONS, AND MILITARY 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. Separ/ salar (military leader) Doshman (enemy) Asp (horse) Asp (horse) Sepahbod (commander) Spabet Dashneh (dagger) Dashnag Khesht (dart/spear) Asht Nayzeh (spear) Goorz (mace, club) Nav (boat) Salar / spasalar Tshnami (թշնամի/դուշման) aspar (shield) aspet (knight) Aspahapet Dashnag դաշնակ Ashten աշտեն, աշտե նիզակ (nizak) գուրզ (gurz) Nav Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 4 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. Pahlavan (hero, champion) փահլևան (pahlevan) Zoor (strength/force) Zor զոռ -Ped/Bed (Leader) պետ (pet) -Ped/Bed (Leader) պետ վարժից — master -Ped/Bed (Leader) պետ հարց — patriarch Ashti (truce) hasht հաշտ (peace) Dashn (Old Persian/Contract/Treaty) դաշն (dašhn)-agreement Dashn (Old Persian/Contract/Treaty) անդաշն Dashn (Old Persian/Contract/Treaty) գագաթնադաշն Dashn (Old Persian/Contract/Treaty) դաշնադիր Dashn (Old Persian/Contract/Treaty) դաշնակ Dashn (Old Persian/Contract/Treaty) դաշնակապէս վտանգ (vtang) (danger, misfortune) Tang (Tight/Narrow) Vtang Tang (Tight/Narrow) Vtang վտանգաւ — perilously, hazardously, Tang (Tight/Narrow) Vtang ի վտանգ արկանել, դնել ի վտանգի, մատնել ի վտանգ — to put in jeopardy, to endanger, to compromise 126. Tang (Tight/Narrow) Vtang ի վտանգ արկանել զանձն — to put oneself in jeopardy, to risk or venture oneself INTELLIGENCE, PERCEPTION, EMOTIONS, GAMES 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. Hoosh (to sense) bahoosh (intelligent) bihoosh (unconscious) Agah (knowing/informed) Khandeh/Khandidan (laughter) Soog (grief, sorrow) Kherad (wisdom) Honar (art, talent) Hanjar* (road, way, rule) Hishel (to remember) Apoosh (foolish) Akah Khind խինդ (joy) սուգ (sug) (sadness) khrat խրատ Hnar Hanchar հանճար (genius) *From Middle Persian *hančār. As to how the sense of “road” can be related to “intelligence”, compare Persian ( راهrāh), meaning both “road” and “intellect”. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. Kaam (wish) Afsoos (regret) Apsos handēs, (Middle Persian) handēs, (Middle Persian) Kin/Kineh (vengefulness) Kadag (Old Persian) – joke Nard (Backgammon) gaam կամք and կամ Apsos հանդես (handes) (amusement) հանդիսանալ (handisanal) ken քէն katak նարդի (nardi) Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 5 143. Shatranj (chess) ճատրակ (čhatrak) շախմատ (šhakhmat) RELIGION, FATE, FORTUNES 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. Khaj / Khadeh (straight branch) Khach (cross) Fereshteh (angel) Fereshtag Hreshtag (angel) div (devil/evil) Dev դեւ Jaan (life, soul, “dear”) Jaan ջան Rastakhiz (resurection) Արիստակէս (Aristakēs ) Gonah (sin) Vinah vnas “injury, harm, sin” Beh (goodness, correct) Veh վեհ (veh)(sublime) Beh (goodness, correct) Veh վեհություն (vehut’yun) Bad Vad Vad Bakht (luck, fortune) Bakht բախտ Bakhsh/Bakhshidan (forgiving/portion) Bashkh բաշխ (portion, alms) Paikar պատկերք — the Divine Person ishnohr (Old Persian - gratitude) šhnorh “grace, gratitude” Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայք (hmayk’) (charm) Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայել (hmayel) Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայիչ (hmayičh) Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայական Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայահաւանութիւն Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայանամ Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայեակ Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայիմ Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայութիւն Homayoun (blessed, lucky) Humayk հմայումն SEASONS, TEMPERATURE, HOT AND COLD 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. Sard (cold) Sarma (coldness) Dagh (hot) Garm (warm) Tab(fever/heat) /Tabestan (summer) Zemestan (winter) Tab(fever/heat) Tsoord Saar Dak Jerm Tap/տապ (humid) Zhemer Tapak “frying-pan Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 6 174. nam (damp) նամ (nam) MEDECINE/HUMAN BODY 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. Pezeshk (doctor, physician) Dayeh (nurse) Dayak Khal (birthmark, mole) Dard (pain) Darman (cure) Koor (blind) Lal (one who cant talk) Rag (vein) Bazoo (arm/muscle) Chaneh (Chin) Chaneh (Chin) Dast (hand) Dastag Chakaad (top of head) Chakat բժիշկ (bžišk) դայեակ (dayeak) խալ (khal) Dard Darman Kor քոռ Lal (Yerag) երակ Bazook չանա (čhana) ծնոտ (jçcnot) (jaw) Dastak (wrist) դաստակ ճակատ (č ̣hakat) (forehead/facade) DOING, CONSTUCTION, BUILDINGS, TOOLS 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. Kandan (to chisel/pick) Kandak Mandan (to stay) Varz/Varzesh Tigh (blade) Mikh (nail) Mikh (nail) Mikh (nail) Moom (candle wax) Moom (candle wax) Gombad (dome) kandak Mnal (to stay) վարժ (varž)(exercise, practice) Tigh mekh մեխ մեխել (mikhel) մեխակ (mikhak) մոմ (mom) (candle) մեղրամոմ (meġramom) Gmbet գմբեթ Dar (door) Door Sazidan (to suit) sazidan (to suit) saz (composition) Durgar (carpenter) Chak (crack) Pelleh/Pellegan(Stairs) սազել (sazel) պատշաճ (patšhadz) saz /սազ դուրգար (durgar) ճաք (jč̣hak’) փիլաքյան (pilakyan) Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 7 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. Zanjir (chain) (znjchil) զնջիլ Ghali (rug) Khali Otagh (bedroom) Otyag (balcony) Takht (bed, couch) թախտ takht dastgah (workplace) dazgah դազգահ (workbench) dastyar (assistant) dastyar Dast (hand)+ kard (doing) dastakert “possession, property;” Dast (hand) dastarāk “towel” Paikar Patkar պատկեր (patker) Paikar (ընդ պատկերի — in the image of, in the likeness of COMMERCE, TRADE, CLOTHES, GOODS 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. Arz/Arzesh/Arzan (value) Baj (payment/tax) Baz Ambar (storage) Bar (goods) Bar (goods) Bazaar (market) Vazar Bazargan (merchant) Vazaragan Bazaar (market) Roz (day) Rozig Ganj “treasure” Kafsh (shoes) Kafshik Shabi (nightly shirt) Shapik* Arzhi Bazh բաժ ambar ամբար bar բար barapan Vazhaar Vazhaaragan (merchent) Vazharel (to sell) rōzhik “salary, daily bread” Ganj գանձ koshik կօշիկ շապիկ (šapik) (shirt) *sacred garment of Zoroastrians 227. 228. Shalvar (pants) Shalvar Varti/Vartik Varti/Vartik շալվար (shalvar) (Vartik)/վարտիք/ անդրավարտիք FOODS/EATING/TASTES 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. Anosh (old Persian) –sweet Charb (greese, oil) Charp Khorak (food) Khordan (to eat) Khordan (to eat) Panir (cheese) Kareh (butter) Karak Rayhan (basil) Anōošh Jcharp ճարպ khortik խորտիկ (snack) khoharar (a cook) khohanos (kitchen) պանիր (panir) կարակ (karak) Rayhan Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 8 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. Tut (berry) Tut թութ Aloo / Alooche (plum) ալոճ (aloč ̣h) fruit of hawthorn Gilas (cherry) գիլաս (gilas) Lobiya (bean) Lobi Moraba (jam) Moraba Darchin (cinnamon) Darchin Shekar (sugar) Shakar Shakar շաքար Berenj (rice) Brinz բրինձ Bademjan (eggplant) բադրիջան (badriǰan) Khorma (date) խուրմա (khoorma) Kashk (barley) Kask կասկ (kask) Polo (rice) Pilov Chasht (breakfast) Chash (Lunch) (Old Persian) ճաշ (Jchašh) սպասք ճաշոյ — dinner-service սեղան ճաշոյ — dinner-table զանգակ ճաշոյ — dinner-bell ճաշոյ ժամ — the three canonical hours, Third, Sixth and Ninth ճաշ անպաճոյճ — frugal meal or table ճաշ գործել — to get dinner ready ճաշ առնել — to give a dinner ճաշ մեծ գործել — to give a grand dinner-party պատրաստ է ճաշն — dinner is on the table ճաշարան (Jchašharan) – restaurant ANIMALS, HUSBANDRY, NATURE, STONES, GEMS 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. Asp (horse) bāz, (“hawk, falcon”) Bolbol (nightinggale) Babr (Tiger) Vagr Kapi (monkey,ape) Kapik Pil (Elephant) Pil Nahang (crocodile) Nihang Simorgh (mythical flying creature) Zoruk (leech) Tuzuruk paridaiza (old Persian) Derakht (tree) Bagh/Baghche (garden) Aspastan (stable) բազե (baze) blbol վագր (vagr) կապիկ (kapik) փիղ (pigh) nhang (mythical sea monster) siramarg (peacock) տզրուկ (tzruk) partêz “garden պարտէզ Derakht (paradise) Bakhcha բաղչա Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 9 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. bun, (“bottom”, “base”) vard (flower) old Persian Sombol Banafsheh (violet) Vanashak Choban (Shepherd) Choob (wood/stick) Gohar (precious stone) Rooy (copper / zinc) Almoss (diamond) Zang (rust) բուն (bun) (original / Tree trunk) Vard (Rose) սմբուլ (smbul) մանուշակ.Manooshag չոբան (čhoban) չոփ (čhop’) Gohar արույր (aruyr) ալմաստ/ալմաս (almast/(almas) zhang ժանգ (rust) NUMBERS 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. Hezar (thousand) Yek (one) Chahar (Four) Noh (Nine) Dah (Ten) Hazar հազար Mek Chors Een (nine) Tas ARMENIAN HISTORICAL FIGURES, PROPER NAMES AND SURNAMES 287. Armanestan Armina* Armenia *The word Armenia, itself, is of Iranian origin. The name Armenia is first attested in the Old Persian Behistun inscription (515 BC) as Armina Armenians themselves refer to themselves as “Hye” and to their region as “Hayastan” **Also see Պարսկահայաստան Parskahayastan (literally: Persian Armenia) 288. Seyyed-e-Nava (Lord of Songs/Verse) th Sayat Nova* *The name of the most popular 18 century Armenian poet, Sayat Nova, is Persian, meaning “Lord of Songs.” Sayat Nova has the same stature in Armenian Culture as Ferdowsi has in Persian culture, and his Armenian is laced generously with Persian. 289. Grikor Partev (Gregory the Parthian) Grikor Partev* *St. Gregory the Illuminator, the man who converted Armenians to Christianity, was of Iranian Parthian descent, hence the name “Partev” (meaning Parthian, an Iranian tribe) 290. Sahak Partev (Isaac the Parthian) Sahak Partev* *Another early Armenian Apostolic Church Leader and Saint, was of Iranian Parthian descent, hence the name “Partev” ” (meaning Parthian, an Iranian tribe) 291. 292. Tir (Persian Zoroastrian God, also arrow) Tirgan (Persian ‘Of Tir’) Tiran Metz Tigran* *Quintissential ancient Armenian King, has same role in Armenian culture that Cyrus the Great has in Persian culture 293. 294. Tirdad (given by Tir) Tirandaz (shooting arrows) Trdat Trendez* (Fire Festival) Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 10 *Trendez is a pre-Christian Armenian festival of jumping over fires (still practiced today), identical to the Persian Zoroastrian Chaharshanbeh Souri festival of jumping over fires, also still practiced today by Iranians. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. Bahram (Persian King) Vahram Anahita (Old Persian God) Shapur (Persian King) Shapur Ardishir (Persian King) Artashir Ardavan (Persian King) Artabanus Artavazd (Persian King) Khosro (Persian King) Khosrow Narseh (Persian King) Dariush (Persian King) Vardanis (old Persian: Brave) Bagadata (God Given) Surena* Suren Karen* Karen Mehran* Mihr Vahram, Vram Anahid / Ani Shapuh, Vramshapuh Artashes Artabanus Artavazd Khosrov Narseh Dareh Vartan Bagrat / Bagratuni Suren* Karen* Mher* *Proper names derived from the names of the seven aristocratic Iranian Parthian clans or the Seven Houses of the Sassanian Empire (in Persian "Haft Khandan"): 1. the House of Aspahapet, of Apartvaticene (Yazd) 2. the House of Dahae, of Astabene (Kuchan) 3. the House of Karen, of Hyrcania (Gorgan) 4. the House of Mihran, of Comisene (Semnan) 5. the House of Parni, of Parthyene (Parthaunis) 6. the House of Sohae, of Margiane (Merv) 7. the House of Suren, of Sakestan (Sistan) 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. –Dokht (daughter of) Varazdokht, Khosrovidokht Gohar Gohar nshan (Persian: sign) Nshan Gorgen (Persian: Gorg wolf+diminuative “en”) Gurgen artak (Old Persian “fast”) Artak Farzdan (Old Persian God) Frazdan Hrazdan -ian -ian *in adjectives (“belonging to”), particularly in names and patronymics, of Iranian origin. Almost all Armenian surnames contain this suffix. the "ian" suffix is the plural form of the "i" suffix in Persian meaning "having the qualities of" or "belonging to". The Iranian “-an” ending for pluralization is comparable to “ner” ending for pluralization in Armenian. Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 11 II. Prefixes and Suffixes Persian prefixes and suffixes, from which thousands of derivative words and terms are constructed, are ubiquitous in Armenian. The following suffixes are of Iranian origin: 1. -astan in nouns denoting places, especially in names of countries: aspastan “stable of horses” (from morphology asp “horse”); darastan “garden” (from dar “tree”); Hayastan “Armenia” (from Hay “Armenian”); 2. -aran in nouns denoting places: ganjaran “treasury” (from ganj “treasure”); from old Persian dāna- “receptacle,” cf. Parthian -arān 3. -arên in adjectives and adverbs denoting languages: yonarên “Greek” asorarên “Syriac” (from Asori), etc. from Old Persian -ādayana- “manner, way,” Persian. āyīn “norm, custom” 4. -kar “doing, making”:”); vnasakar “hurtful” (from vnas “damage”), etc.; from Persian. kar / -gar/-gāar (to work) 5. -kert “made, done”: dastakert “building, village” (lit. “handmade” from dast “hand”); place name Tigranakert (lit. “founded by Tigran”), etc.; from Old Persian -kṛta “made, done,” , Middle Persian -kirt, -gird , Modern Persian “kardan” (to do). 6. -ooo(r)hi in feminines, starting from a single loanword, ṭag-ooo(r)hi “queen” from old Persian. *tāga-bṛθryā (feminine to ṭagavor “king,” literally Persian “bearing the crown”) 7. -pan “protecting”: marzpan “margrave, protecting the frontiers” (from marz “frontier”); barapan/darapan “doorkeeper” etc.; from Persian. -pān, -bān, 8. -pet “chief,” first in numerous titles borrowed from Persian. (sparapet “army leader,” dprapet “secretary-in-chief”, etc from Persian. -pet- “lord, chief.” The extremely large number of these formations is clear evidence of the profound influence of the Ashkanian and Sasanian feudal aristocracy and military on Armenia. 9. džh- or ṭšh- “dis-, mis-, un-” from Persian. dsh-. 10. ham- “same/together” from Iranian *hame-: Armenian words: hampuyr (kiss), hamamayr (of the same mother), hamalsaran (university) etc. Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 12 11. –ak/ik in diminutives (from substantives or adjectives): navak “boat” from nav “ship;” kapoyt-ak “bluish” from kapoyt “blue;” from Middle Persian -ak, -ag; 12. -akan in adjectives (“belonging to”): ašhkharhakan “worldly” from ašhkharh “world;” vazhaṟakan “merchant” from vazhaṟ “trade, commerce;” from Iranian akāna-, -akān, -agān. This is one of the most common Armenian suffixes. III. Simple present tense conjugation sample “to stay” Persian Armenian Man mimoonam To mimooni An mimooneh Mah mimoonim Shoma mimoonin Anha / Ishan mimoonan Yes mnoomem Do mnoomes Na mnoomeh Menk mnoomenk Duk mnoomek Nrank mnoonen That man is free. An mard azadeh (Persian) Ayn mard azateh (Armenian) Sources: • M. Bedrossian (1879), New Dictionary Armenian-English (Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy) • G. Awetikʿean, X. Siwrmēlean, M. Awgerean (1836-37), Nor Baṙgirkʿ Haykazean Lezui (Venice) • H. Azhaṙian (1926-35), Hayerēn Armatakan Baṙaran (Yerevan: Yerevan State University), 2nd ed., 1971-79 • Encylopedia Iranica, (R. Schmitt, H. W. Bailey) Wordlist Compiled By David M. Taba, Esq. Copyright 2011 davidtaba@gmail.com 13
© Copyright 2024 Paperzz