Israel’s Religiously Divided Society A presentation for the Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues Alan Cooperman Director of Religion Research About the Survey • 5,601 Israelis interviewed face-to-face, at the respondent’s residence • Respondents selected through random sampling within neighborhoods (statistical areas all across the country) • Interviews conducted in Hebrew, Russian, Arabic from October 2014 to May 2015 • Oversamples of Arab Christians, Druze, Haredim, Jews in West Bank, Arabs in East Jerusalem • Follows the Central Bureau of Statistics’ definition of the Israeli population, including Jews living in the West Bank as well as Arab residents of East Jerusalem June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 2 Israel’s diverse religious landscape % of Israeli adults who identify as … June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 3 Israeli’s Religiously Divided Society JEWS AND ARABS ON RELIGION AND POLITICS June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 4 Israel seen as a Jewish homeland % of Israeli Jews who say Jews around the world should have the right to make aliyah to Israel … All Jews 98% Haredi 98 Dati 99 Masorti 99 Hiloni June 27, 2016 98 www.pewresearch.org 5 Jewish state and democracy seen as compatible % who say Israel can be both a democracy and a Jewish state … 76% All Jews Haredi Dati 79 Masorti 80 Hiloni June 27, 2016 58 www.pewresearch.org 76 6 Religious law vs. democratic principles If there is a contradiction between halakha and democratic principles, which should be given preference? Halakha Democratic principles Haredi 89% Dati Masorti 3% 65 11 23 Hiloni All Jews June 27, 2016 56 1 24 www.pewresearch.org 89 62 7 Sharp disagreements among Jews on public policy issues % of Jews who favor/oppose shutting down public transport in the entire country on Shabbat … % of Jews who favor/oppose allowing Conservative and Reform rabbis to conduct marriages in Israel … Oppose Oppose Favor 3% Haredi Dati 12 All Jews June 27, 2016 85 52 Masorti Hiloni 96% 94 2% 96% 87 7 70 44 24 28 6 63 Favor 54 35 www.pewresearch.org 65 40 8 Disagreements on public policy issues (contd.) % of Jews who favor/oppose conscripting Haredi men to serve in the military … June 27, 2016 % of Jews who favor/oppose allowing Conservative and Reform rabbis to conduct marriages in Israel … www.pewresearch.org 9 Most Arabs say Israel cannot be both a democracy and a Jewish state % in Israel who say …. Israel can be a democracy and a Jewish state at the same time … No Yes Arabs 64% Muslims 63 Christians Druze June 27, 2016 27% 28 72 20 58 30 www.pewresearch.org 10 Support for religious law among Muslims/Christians % of Muslims who favor making sharia official law of the land for Muslims in Israel … June 27, 2016 % of Christians who favor making Bible official law of the land for Christians in Israel … www.pewresearch.org 11 Among Arabs, declining belief in possibility of two-state solution % who say a way can be found for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully … 80 % 74 60 Arabs 64 46 40 37 50 43 Jews 20 0 2013 June 27, 2016 2014 www.pewresearch.org 2015 12 Are leaders sincerely seeking peace? % of Jews who say Palestinian leadership is sincere/not sincere in its efforts toward peace Not sincere % of Arabs who say the Israeli government is sincere/not sincere in its efforts toward peace Not sincere 88% Sincere Sincere 10 June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 72% 20 13 Mutual doubts about sincerity of leaders in peace process 40% 40 % of Jews who say Israeli government is not making a sincere effort toward peace June 27, 2016 % of Arabs who say Palestinian leadership is not making a sincere effort toward peace www.pewresearch.org 14 How much discrimination do Muslims face in Israel? % who say Muslims face a lot of discrimination in Israel … 79 21% Jews June 27, 2016 Arabs www.pewresearch.org 15 Arabs more inclined to see discrimination throughout Israeli society % of Jews and Arabs who say each group faces a lot of discrimination … Homosexuals & Lesbians Hiloni Jews All Jews 20% 9 21 25 36 21 All Arabs 34% 21 23 40 44 33 June 27, 2016 Religious Women Ethiopian Mizrahi Jews Jews Jews www.pewresearch.org 16 Jewish opinion evenly divided on idea of transferring/ expelling Arabs % of Jews who strongly disagree/disagree and strongly agree/agree with the statement “Arabs should be expelled or transferred from Israel” … Disagree All Jews 46% Haredi 48% 32 Dati June 27, 2016 59 26 Masorti Hiloni Agree 71 39 58 54 36 www.pewresearch.org 17 Israeli’s Religiously Divided Society SOCIAL DIVISIONS June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 18 Friendship Circles % in Israel who say … of their close friends share their religion All Most 67% Jews 38 Muslims 48 Christians 21 65 Druze 22 61 June 27, 2016 98% 31% www.pewresearch.org 85% 86% 83% 19 Friendship circles among Jews % in Israel who say … of their close friends share their religion Haredi Dati All Most 33% 55% 6 Hiloni June 27, 2016 72% 67 Masorti 2 45 89% 48% 26 64 www.pewresearch.org 90% 20 Jews uncomfortable with intermarriage % Hilonim who say they would be comfortable/uncomfortable with their child marrying a …. % Haredim who say they would be comfortable/uncomfortable with their child marrying a …. Very/ somewhat comfortable 95% 99 98 Very/ somewhat comfortable 13 93% 80 96 Not too/ Not at all comfortable Not too/ Not at all comfortable ..Haredi ..Christian ..Muslim ..Hiloni ..Christian ..Muslim June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 21 Very little religious switching (conversion) % of Israeli adults … June 27, 2016 % Raised % Current Jewish 80 81 Muslim 14 14 Christian 2 2 Druze 2 2 Another religion <1 <1 No religion 2 1 100 100 www.pewresearch.org 22 But some movement in and out of Jewish subgroups % of Jews … % Raised % Left % Joined % Current 8 -<1 +2 9 Dati 19 -9 +2 13 Masorti 28 -9 +10 29 Hiloni 46 -4 +8 49 Haredi June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 23 Israel's Religiously Divided Society RELIGIOUS TRENDS OVER TIME June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 24 Trend 1: Muslims rising as a share of the Israeli population % in Israel classified as … Jews Muslims Christians Druze Other 100 90 86% 75 80 70 60 50 40 30 18 20 10 9 3 2 1 2 4 0 1949 2014 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics. June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 25 Trend 2: Due to high birth rates, Haredim rising as a share of adult population (20+) % of Jews who identify as … 2002 2013 42 41 43 37 6% 9 Haredi 11 10 Dati Masorti Hiloni Source: Israeli Social Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics among adults 20+. June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 26 Trend 3: Some decline in share of Jews with moderate levels of religious observance % of Jews who say they follow … of the Jewish tradition 41 38 45 Some 44 39 33 All/Most 40 34 26 21 1991 23 None 1999 16 2009 2015 Source: 2009 data from Guttman Center for Surveys, 1991 and 1999 data from Guttman Institute. June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 27 Israeli Arabs more religious than Israeli Jews overall % in Israel who say they attend religious services at least once a week among… % in Israel who say religion is very important in their lives among... All Jews 30% All Jews All Arabs 66 68 Muslims 57 Christians Druze June 27, 2016 27% All Arabs 47 49 Muslims 38 Christians 49 Druze www.pewresearch.org 25 28 Smaller share of Arabs than Jews have completed college % in Israel who say they have a college degree among… 33% All Jews All Arabs 16 Muslims 15 Christians Druze June 27, 2016 18 20 www.pewresearch.org 29 Israel's Religiously Divided Society SHARED VALUES June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 30 Importance of family goes across religious lines % in Israel who say maintaining strong family relationships is very/somewhat important to them among… All Jews 97% All Arabs 97 Muslims 97 Christians 98 Druze June 27, 2016 92 www.pewresearch.org 31 Jews and Arabs agree on importance of personal career success % in Israel who say personal career success is very/somewhat important to them among… June 27, 2016 All Jews 89% All Arabs 92 Muslims 92 Christians 96 Druze 94 www.pewresearch.org 32 Jews and Arabs agree on importance of helping the needy % in Israel who say helping people who are in need is very/somewhat important to them personally among… All Jews 86% All Arabs 91 Muslims 92 Christians 90 Druze June 27, 2016 83 www.pewresearch.org 33 Importance of secular and religious education among Jews and Arabs % in Israel who say giving their children a good religious education is very/somewhat important among… % in Israel who say giving their children a good secular education is very/somewhat important among… All Jews All Jews 96% 74% All Arabs 93 All Arabs 91 Muslims 93 Muslims 92 Christians 95 Christians 87 Druze 98 Druze 84 June 27, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 34 Alan Cooperman Director of Religion Research acooperman@pewresearch.org June 27, 2016 www.pewproject.org 35
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