J. Jpn. Bot. 91 Suppl.: 376–387 (2016) Two New Species of Ramalina (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) from Korea Kwang Hee Moona, Chorong Ahna, Jeong Eun Hana and Hiroyuki Kashiwadanib,* a National Institute of Biological Resources, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 KOREA; b Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-0005 JAPAN *Corresponding author: kamalina@jcom.home.ne.jp (Accepted on January 9, 2016) Two new species, Ramalina intestiniformis Kashiw. & K. H. Moon and R. sphaerophora Kashiw. & K. H. Moon, are described from Korea. Ramalina intestiniformis, a maritime species, resembles R. almquistii Vain., but it differs by having irregularly but totally inflated lobes throughout the branches, continuous medullary hyphae, and shortly fusiform ascospores. Ramalina sphaerophora resembles R. kurokawae Kashiw. and R. yasudae Räsänen, but it differs in having semi-corticate spherical nodules instead of soralia. Both species are known only from Korea up to now. Key words: Korea, lichens, new species, Ramalina intestiniformis, Ramalina sphaerophora. The genus Ramalina (Lichenized Ascomycetes, Lecanorales) is a well-known fruticose lichen widely distributed in eastern Asia and which comprises about 250 species in the world. In Korea, 18 species had been listed under the genus as of 2013 (Moon 2013). In the course of our taxonomic study of the genus Ramalina based on extensive collections from Korea, we found the following two new species and provide their descriptions herein: Ramalina intestiniformis is a saxicolous species found in coastal areas in Korea. It is characterized by a decumbent to caespitose thallus, sparingly and irregularly branched branches growing from a broad base, irregularly inflated fistulose lobes with perforations, absence of soredia, medullary hyphae closely attached to the inner walls of cortices, shortly fusiform ascospores, and the presence of divaricatic acid as a major chemical substance. Ramalina sphaerophora is also a saxicolous species found on maritime rocks and is easily recognized by having irregularly branched thalli growing from a common holdfast, up to 2 cm high, more or less flattened and weakly inflated branches ending in semi-corticate spherical nodules, and by the production of evernic and obtusatic acids. Both species seem to be endemic to Korea up to now. To confirm the taxonomic status of these two new species in comparison with morphologically similar species in the genus Ramalina, the sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA was applied in this study. 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Moon の 2 新種を記載した．育するのに対し，後者はブナ帯～ハイマツ帯の日陰（多くはオーバーハングした岩の下部）に生育する．韓国特産種である． 1) Ramalina intestiniformis は海岸の垂直に近い北向きの岩上に生育する．地衣体は匍匐またはやや下垂し，裏 2) R. sphaerophora は海岸の岩上に生育する．地衣体は淡緑黄色であるが基物に付着する基部は黒褐色，裏面のあちこちで基物にゆるく付着し高さ約 1.5 cm，径 3(–5) cm のクッション状．地衣体はわずかに枝分かれし，枝は基部から先端まで不規則に膨らみ先端は短くとが面のあちこちで基物に固着して高さ 1.0–1.5 cm，径 1.0–2.0 cm のクッション状となる．枝は不規則に分枝し，径 0.5–1.0(–2.0) mm．枝の大部分は中実であるが，膨らんだ部分に穿孔を生じる．粉芽や裂芽はないが，枝の先端に球状の小塊を持つ．髄層の菌糸は連続，皮層の内壁に密着する．子器は未見．地衣成分はエベルン酸，オブツザート酸，ウスニン酸である．り，中空，穿孔を有する，径は 0.5–2 mm．粉芽や裂芽はない．髄層の菌糸は連続，皮層の内壁に密着する．子器は枝の先端または側部に生じ，距はない．子器柄はく 2 室，びれず，盤は初め凹むが後に隆起する．胞子は無色， 13–15 × 4–5 μm．地衣成分は地衣成分はジバリカート酸，サラチン酸 (±)，ウスニン酸である．本種は R. almquistii Vain. に似ているが後者の枝は先端部でふくれることがあっても大部分は偏圧され，髄層の菌糸は集合して固まり皮層の内側はほとんど裸出するので区別できる．また，本種が海岸の岩上に限って生本種は東アジア産の R. kurokawae Kashiw. に似ているが後者は粉芽を持ち，枝の基部が淡色である点で区別できる．本種は東アジアに広く分布する R. yasudae Räsänen と紛らわしいが，R. yasudae の地衣体は中実で狭い基部から直立して灌木状となり，先端部や側部に粉芽を生じ点で異なる．なお，R. yasudae にも球形の小塊 December 2016 Moon et al.: Two new Ramalina from Korea が見られるが，これらは常に唇状の粉芽塊の中に生じる．北半球に広く分布する R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. も本種に似ているが，枝は中実で粉芽を持つ点で区別できる．Krog and Swinscow (1974) は東アフリカから本種と同様に枝の先端部に球形の小塊を持つ R. consanguinea Müll. Arg. と R. tapperi Krog & Swinsc. を報告している．しかしこれらは密に分枝した細い地衣体を持ちセッカ酸やジバリカート酸を含むので異なる．本種が海岸の日当たりのよい岩上に生育する．韓国特産種である． 387 カラタチゴケ属地衣類は地衣体の形態変異が大きく，類縁種との区別が困難である場合が多い．今回記載した 2 種については，核リボゾーム遺伝子スペーサー領域 (nrDNA ITS) の塩基配列に基づく最尤法による系統樹を作成して近縁種との関係を検討した．その結果，ここで記載した 2 種は共に，近縁種とは独立したクレードを形成し，既知種とは異なることが示唆された． b （a 韓国・国立生物資源館，国立科学博物館植物研究部）