PRVA REGIONALNA KONFERENCIJA O PROCJENI
UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ
FIRST REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
pod pokroviteljstvom / under the auspices of
Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i prirode Republike Hrvatske /
the Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection
of the Republic of Croatia
ZBORNIK SAŽETAKA RADOVA
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
ZADAR, HRVATSKA / ZADAR, CROATIA
18.- 21. rujna 2013. / September 18th - 21st, 2013
Zagreb, rujan 2013. / Zagreb, September 2013
NAKLADNIK / PUBLISHER
Hrvatska udruga stru njaka zaštite prirode i okoliša, Zagreb, Hrvatska /
Croatian Association of Experts in Nature and Environmental Protection, Zagreb,
Croatia
UREDNICI/ EDITORS
Marta Brki
Nenad Mikuli
TEHNI KI UREDNIK ZBORNIKA / TECHNICAL BOOK EDITOR
Jelena Fressl
DIZAJN NASLOVNICE / COVER DESIGN
Hrvatska udruga stru njaka zaštite prirode i okoliša, Zagreb, Hrvatska /
Croatian Association of Experts in Nature and Environmental Protection, Zagreb,
Croatia
NAKLADA / CIRCULATION
350
TISAK / PRINTED BY
Gradus d.o.o., Sesvete, Hrvatska / Gradus Ltd., Sesvete, Croatia
ISBN
978-953-57772-0-5
Autori su odgovorni za sadržaj svojih tekstova kao i za lekturu i prijevod.
© 2013 autori sažetaka
Authors are responsible for the content of their texts, as well as for
proofreading and translating them.
© 2013 abstract authors
Zagreb, rujan 2013. / Zagreb, September 2013
ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR / ORGANIZINIG COMMITEE
Marta Brki
Tomislav urko
Dalibor Hati
Ivan Martini
Nenad Mikuli
Zvonimir Sever
Ilija Šmitran
Tadenko Tabain
Davor Vešligaj
ZNANSTVENI ODBOR /
SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE
SAVJETODAVNI ODBOR /
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Nenad Mikuli
Ji í Dusík
Oleg Antoli
Nataša Bokan
Vasilije Buškovi
Mehmed Cero
Ognjen aldarovi
Hamid ustovi
Mojca Golobi
Nevenko Herceg
Stjepan Husnjak
Vladmir Jelavi
Predrag Jovani
Vesna Koš ak Mio Stoši
Tarik Kupusovi
Tarzan Legovi
Muhamet Malisiu
Ivan Martini
Darko Mayer
An elka Mihajlov
Aleš Mlakar
Rodoljub Olja a
Ines Rožani
Dragica Stankovi
Zdravko Špiri
Jerzy Jendroska
Vesna Kolar Planinši
Ursula Platzer-Schneider
Dinko Poli
Petr Roth
Barry Sadler
Wiecher Schrage
Zoran Šiki
TEHNI KI ODBOR /
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Jelena Fressl
Bojana Nardi
TAJNIŠTVO /
SECRETARIAT
Jelena Fressl
Tajana Uzelac Obradovi
Zahvaljujemo pokrovitelju, sponzorima, lanovima Organizacijskog,
Znanstvenog i Savjetodavnog odbora, autorima, uvodni arima, panelistima
okruglih stolova, moderatorima, sudionicima te svima ostalima na njihovom
doprinosu realizaciji prve konferencije ovakvog opsega i teme u regiji!
We would like to express our gratitude to our patron, sponsors, members of
Organizing, Scientific and Advisory committees, authors, keynote speakers,
panelists of round tables, moderators, participants and everyone else for their
contribution to the first ever conference of this scope and subject in the region!
Marta Brki
predsjednica/president
HUSZPO
SADRŽAJ / TABLE OF CONTENT
SEKCIJA 1 - STRATEŠKA PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ /
SECTION 1 - STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Ji í Dusík, Martin Smutný, Matjaž Harmel, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak
Reflections on SEA system development in Croatia ........................................................................ 21
Vesna Kolar Planinši , Jelka Habjan, Tomaž Grilj, Barbara Breznik, Mojca Lenardi , Jure
Likar, Metka ernel , Katarina Celi
Experience in Transposition and Implementation of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
in Slovenia ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Aleš Mlakar
The Use and Effectiveness of SEA in Slovenia ................................................................................ 23
Marina Stenek, Loris Elez, Nenad Mikuli
Strateška procjena utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš kao instrument zaštite prirode ................ 24
Strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans as an instrument for nature conservation ... 25
Tihana Matota, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini , Nenad Mikuli
Analiza varijantnih rješenja u postupku Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš kao sredstvo
donošenja prostorno - planskih odluka............................................................................................ 26
Analysis of Alternatives in Strategic Environmental Assessment Process as Instrument Used in
Physical Planning Decisions .......................................................................................................... 27
Erna Alihodži
Teorija održivog prostornog planiranja i Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliša ............................. 28
The theory of sustainable spatial planning and Strategic Environmental Assessment ................... 29
Dinko Kello, Nenad Mikuli , Sandro Gervasio
Environmental Noise Directive and its role in SEA procedures ...................................................... 30
Mario Pokriva , Mirjana Mar eni , Konrad Kiš
Usporedba i razlike u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš za Prostorni plan i Operativni program
........................................................................................................................................................ 31
Comparison and Differences Regarding Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment Conducted for
Physical Plans and Operational Programmes ................................................................................ 32
Nenad Mikuli , Dinko Kello
Operational Programme Environment 2014-2020 and role of Strategic Environmental Assessment
........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Tomislav Strahovnik, Nenad Mikuli
Istraživanje indikatora okoliša u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš energetskog plana i programa
........................................................................................................................................................ 34
Research of environmental indicators in the strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the
energy plan and program................................................................................................................ 35
Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi , Sonja Šiši
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš dokumenata prostornog ure enja na primjeru Primorskogoranske županije ........................................................................................................................... 36
Strategic environmental impact assessment of the physical planning documents using the example
of the Spatial plan of the Primorsko-goranska County ................................................................... 37
Ognjen Škunca, Tomi Haramina, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi , Sun ana Rapi , Sanja Grguri ,
Josip Križan, Lav Bav evi
Multikriterijalna prostorna analiza kao podloga za SPUO plana razvoja marikulture Splitskodalmatinske županije ...................................................................................................................... 38
Spatial multi-criteria analysis as a foundation for SEA of mariculture development plan for Splitdalmatian county ............................................................................................................................ 39
Anita Gulam, Anamarija Matak, Vesna Trbojevi
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš Plana upravljanja vodnim podru jima .................................. 40
Strategic Environmental Assessment for the River Basin Management Plan .................................. 41
André van Kuijk, A. Pucci
The use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Transport Masterplanning .............................. 42
Amandine D'Haese, Wouter Dieleman, Jean-Michel Baijot
Strategic Environmental Assessment for institutional decision making: a case-study from the
Walloon Region, Belgium ............................................................................................................... 43
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš za institucionalno donošenje odluka: analiza slu aja iz
Valonske regije u Belgiji ................................................................................................................ 44
Nenad Mikuli , Vesna Kolar Planinši , Vesna Montan
Espoo konvencija i lanac hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi ................................................................... 45
Espoo Convention and Chain of Hydropower Plants on the Sava River ......................................... 46
Vesna Kolar Planinši , Jure Likar, Nenad Mikuli , Anita Gulum, Anamarija Matak
Strategic Environmental Transboundary Assessment between Slovenia and Croatia of Slovenian
National Plans for Hydropower Use in Brezice and Mokrice on Lower Sava ................................ 47
Ivica Prli , Mladen Hajdinjak, Jelena Macan,Marija Suri Mihi
Impact of Mobile Telecommunication on Environment and Health ................................................ 48
Niko Malbaša
Biorazgradivi otpad – glavni parametar u vrednovanju sustava mehani ko-biološke obrade
miješanog komunalnog otpada ...................................................................................................... 49
Biodegradable waste – main parameter in evaluating the mechanical-biological treatment of
municipal waste .............................................................................................................................. 50
Ivica Prli , Tomislav Bituh, Mladen Hajdinjak, Marija Suri Mihi
Industrial Byproducts and Reprocessed Waste Reuse Strategies – existing NORM experiences ... 51
SEKCIJA 2 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ /
SECTION 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Mario Obrdalj, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak
Zakon o zaštiti okoliša .................................................................................................................... 55
The Environmetal Protection Act .................................................................................................... 56
Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak, Zrinka Valeti
Pregled statisti kih pokazatelja provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj
temeljem Zakona o zaštiti okoliša („Narodne novine“ br. 110/07).................................................. 57
Overview of the statistical indicators related to implementation of environment impact assessment
in the Republic of Croatia on the basis of the Environmental Protection Act (OG Nr. 110/2007) 58
Nebojša Pokimica, An elka Mihajlov
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA): meaning and framework ........................... 59
Niko Malbaša, Vladimir Jelavi
Povijesni pregled i aktualni problemi procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj ............... 60
Historical overview and actual environmental impact assessment issues in the Republic of Croatia
........................................................................................................................................................ 61
Katarina Celi
Screening u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – zakonodavstvo i praksa u EU ......................................... 62
Screening in Environmental Impact Assessment – Legislation and Practice in EU ........................ 63
Lovel Petrovi
Pravni lijekovi podneseni protiv rješenja o procjeni utjecaja na okoliš ........................................... 64
Legal remedies against decisions on environmental impact assessment ......................................... 65
Anamarija Matak, Anita Gulam
Stalno povjerenstvo u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš – prednosti i nedostaci ................... 66
EIA Standing Committee – Advantages and Weaknesses ................................................................ 67
Goranka Radovi
Interakcija prostornih planova i studija utjecaja na okoliš............................................................... 68
Interaction of spatial plans and environmental impact studies ....................................................... 69
Zdenko Mahmutovi , Dalibor Hati , Anja Herak
O nepostojanju sukoba interesa u poslovima procjene utjecaja na okoliš i projektiranja kao
sastavnica projektnog ciklusa.......................................................................................................... 70
Absence of conflict of interest in EIA and design activities as a component of the project cycle .... 71
Zdenko Mahmutovi , Dalibor Hati , Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak
Zaštita javnog interesa primjerenim korištenjem postupaka i kriterija odabira ovlaštenika za izradu
studija utjecaja na okoliš ................................................................................................................. 72
The impact of inappropriate use of public procurement instruments during selection of authorized
personnel for environmental impact studies on the quality of the process of Environmental Impact
Assessment ...................................................................................................................................... 73
Zrinka Vladovi -Relja, Dubravka Ba un
Proces izrade studije o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš ............................................................. 74
The process of preparing the environmental impact assessment study ........................................... 75
Viktor Simon
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš - doprinos unapre enju stanja okoliša ili administrativna prepreka ..... 76
Environmental Impact Assessment - contribution to the improvement of the environment or
administrative obstacles ................................................................................................................. 77
Marija Bajica, Mario Obrdalj, Zdravko Špiri
Informatiziranje procesa procjene utjecaja na okoliš ...................................................................... 78
Informatisation of environment impact assessment process............................................................ 79
Dinko Vujevi , Aleksandra Ani Vu ini
Postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš – uloga obrazovanja.............................................................. 80
Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure ................................................................................ 81
Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi
20 godina provedbe postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Primorsko-goranske županije
........................................................................................................................................................ 82
20 years of applying the procedure of the environmental impact assessment in Primorsko-goranska
County ............................................................................................................................................ 83
Ines Rožani
Ekonomska analiza u sklopu procjene utjecaja na okoliš – komparacija metodologija izrade u
Hrvatskoj i EU ................................................................................................................................ 84
Economic Analysis as Part of the Environmental Impact Assessment - Comparison of
Methodologies used in Croatia and the EU .................................................................................... 85
Brigita Masnjak, Vladimir Jelavi
Procjena utjecaja na zdravlje u analizi koristi i troškova ............................................................... 86
Health impact assessment in cost – benefit analysis ....................................................................... 87
Elvira Horvati Viduka
Analiza utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi u okviru studija o utjecaju na okoliš........................................... 88
Assessing impact on human health in the environmental impact assessment studies ...................... 89
Brigita Masnjak
Analiza rizika velike nesre e .......................................................................................................... 90
Risk analysis of major accidents ..................................................................................................... 91
Glišo Raškovi , Željka Ostrež
Primjena modernih geološko-geofizi kih istraživanja pri izradi stru ne osnove u studijama utjecaja
na okoliš ......................................................................................................................................... 92
Application of modern geological-geophysical exploration in making expert base for Study about
impact on environment ................................................................................................................... 93
Anita Gulam, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli
Usporedba studija o utjecaju na okoliš za uzgajališta tuna s obzirom na programe pra enja .......... 94
The comparison of studies on the environmental impact of tuna breeding sites with respect to
monitoring programs ...................................................................................................................... 95
Vanja Satinovi , Daniela Klai Jan ijev, Željko Koren
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš objekata linijske infrastrukture: Instrument postizanja suglasja razvojnih
planova i zaštite okoliša ili ko nica napretka? ................................................................................ 96
Environmental Impact Assessments for Linear Infrastructural Objects: Instrument to Achieve
Harmonization between Developmental Plans and Environment or to Stop Progress? .................. 97
Igor Radovi , Dušan Mijuk
Postupak procene uticaja na životnu sredinu u projektima autoputeva na “Koridoru X” ................ 98
Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure for Motorway Projects in Corridor X ..................... 99
Vanja Skopljak Štuli , Iva Jureti , Hrvoje Krhen
Planiranje trasa magistralnih plinovoda uz primjenu kriterija o uvanja okoliša............................ 100
Planning the route of the main gas pipelines using the criteria of environmental protection ....... 101
Mario Pokriva , Zoran Poljanec, Domagoj Vranješ
Specifi nosti procjene utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate zra nih luka ................................................. 102
Specificities of Environmental Impact Assessment for Airport Interventions ................................ 103
Remy Lagache, Mario Pokriva , Eric Lonvis
Zagreb Airport - Environmental assessment and management ..................................................... 104
Toni Safner, Jelena Liki , Mirko Mesari , Marijan Gredelj
Influence of transport infrastructure on the genetic diversity - implications for impact assessment
...................................................................................................................................................... 105
Tanja Tudor, Melita Milosti
Utjecaj stabilnosti atmosfere i meteoroloških parametara na prostorno širenje buke .................... 106
Influence of atmospheric stability and meteorological parameters on the spatial noise propagation
...................................................................................................................................................... 107
Maja Masla , Goran Gašparac, Luka Škunca, Sanja Grguri , Oleg Antoni
Primjenjivost lišajeva kao indikatorskih organizama u sustavu pra enja kvalitete zraka u Hrvatskoj
...................................................................................................................................................... 108
Applicability of lichens as indicator organisms in air quality monitoring in Croatia ................... 109
Mirza Berkovi , Amel Kosovac
Procjena stanja i utjecaja informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija na smanjenje karbonskih
emisija na podru ju Bosne i Hercegovine ..................................................................................... 110
Assessment and impact of information and communication technologies to reduce carbon emissions
on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina .................................................................................. 111
Roman Danko, Dalibor Hati , Oleg Antoni
Uloga dobrovoljnog tržišta ugljika u neutralizaciji emisije stakleni kih plinova prilikom zahvata u
okolišu .......................................................................................................................................... 112
Voluntary Carbon Market and Carbon Offseting in Environmental Development Projects.......... 113
Goran Gašparac, Sanja Grguri , Josip Križan, Oleg Antoni , Zdravko Špiri , Kurt Fedra
Primjena WEB-AIR online informacijskog sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom zraka u procjeni
utjecaja na okoliš i strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš .............................................................. 114
Appliance of WEB-AIR online information air quality management system on environmental impact
assessment and strategic environment assessment........................................................................ 115
Merica Pletikosi
Specifi nosti utjecaja na okoliš korištenjem biomase u industriji cementa ................................... 116
Specifics of the environmental impact of biomass use in the cement industry ............................... 117
Vesna Trbojevi , Dunja Bariši , Elizabeta Kos
Provedba na ela kombiniranog pristupa prema Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama EU u postupcima
procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš ............................................................................................... 118
Application of the combined approach principle according to the EU Water Framework Directive
in environmental impact assessment ............................................................................................. 119
Stjepan Mišeti , Zlatko Pletikapi , Alan Kerekovi
Iskustva u pripremi i provedbi postupaka ocjene utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu velikih višenamjenskih
hidrotehni kih sustava .................................................................................................................. 120
Experience with Preparation and Implementation of the Environmental and Nature Impact
Assessment Procedures for Large Multipurpose Hydropower Systems......................................... 121
Zlatko Pletikapi , Ivan Vu kovi
Klimatske promjene i procjene utjecaja hidrotehni kih zahvata na okoliš i prirodu ..................... 122
Climate Change and Hydropower Project Environmental and Nature Impact Assessment .......... 123
Iva Vidakovi , Ivan Vu kovi
Metodologija odre ivanja hidromorfoloških promjena uslijed izgradnje akumulacija i uspornih
bazena ........................................................................................................................................... 124
Methodology for Determining the Hydromorphological Modification as a Result of Reservoir and
Impoundment Basin Construction ................................................................................................. 125
Ivan Vu kovi , Stjepan Mišeti , Miroslav Steinbauer, Zlatko Pletikapi
Utjecaj višenamjenskog-hidroenergetskog sustava (VHS) Osijek na budu e stanje voda............. 126
Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System Impact on Future Water Status ................................... 127
Niko Malbaša, Veronika Tomac
Kriteriji toplinskog optere enja vodotoka ..................................................................................... 128
Thermal pollution criteria ............................................................................................................ 129
Ivan Pilaš
Zaštita i upravljanje tlom u EU i njeni u inci na procjenu utjecaja na okoliš u Hrvatskoj ............ 130
Soil protection and management in EU and consequences on environmental impact assessments in
Croatia ......................................................................................................................................... 131
Martina Lipovš ak, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini , Nenad Mikuli
Utjecaj golf terena na agroekosustav ............................................................................................ 132
Impact of Golf Courses on Agroecosystem ................................................................................... 133
Antun Schaller, Indira Juratek
Centar za gospodarenje otpadom Zadarske županije: utjecaji na okoliš i mjere zaštite ................. 134
Waste Management Centre of the County of Zadar: Environmental Impacts and Environmental
Protection Measure....................................................................................................................... 135
Mihone Kerolli-Mustafa, Violeta Lajqi-Makolli, Letafete Latifi
Environmental Impact Assessment of Metallurgical Waste: Trepça case study in Kosovo ........... 136
Nirvana Frankovi Mihelj, Vladimir Jelavi , Juraj Šipuši
Oporaba otpada iz TE Plomin C-500 ............................................................................................ 137
Reuse of waste from power plant Plomin C-500 ........................................................................... 138
Koni argonja-Reicher, Luka Goja, Alan Kerekovi
Zbrinjavanje muljeva s ure aja za pro iš avanje otpadnih voda ................................................... 139
Management of Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants ........................................................ 140
Marijana Bakula, Gordan Golja, Vjeran Magjarevi
Estimation of Impacts Waste Gases May Have on Air and Possibilities of Their Treatment During
the Mechanical Waste Water Treatment Process .......................................................................... 141
Mirjana Mar eni , Marta Brki , Ivan Juratek
Krajobrazna osnova i smjernice za procjenu utjecaja zahvata na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke –
podloge za u inkovitu procjenu .................................................................................................... 142
Landscape basis and guidelines for landscape and visual assessment – ground for effective
assessment .................................................................................................................................... 143
Sonja Jurkovi
Studije vizualnih promjena u krajobrazu planiranom izgradnjom ................................................. 144
Assessment of the Visual Impact of Changes Resulting from Planned Construction ..................... 145
Vesna Koš ak Mio
- Stoši , Dora Tomi , Petra Perekovi , Sonja Butula
Važnost vrednovanja ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – primjer
vjetroelektrana .............................................................................................................................. 146
The Importance of Landscape Vulnerability Evaluation within Environmental Impact Assessment –
The example of wind farms ........................................................................................................... 147
Tena Birov, Sun ana Rapi
Metoda procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja vjetroelektrana na krajobraz .......................... 148
The method of cumulative visual impact assessment of wind farms on landscape ........................ 149
Krešimir Mikuli
Towards rational and bird-friendly EIA guidelines for wind energy projects: critical review of
existent practices .......................................................................................................................... 150
Prema razumnim i zaštiti ptica primjerenim smjernicama za izradu SUO za zahvate vjetroelektrana:
kriti ki osvrt na postoje u praksu ................................................................................................. 151
Alen Berta, Vladimir Kušan, Roman Danko, Dalibor Hati , Oleg Antoni
Bilanca ugljika za vjetroelektranu u šumi: primjer za VE Fužine, Hrvatska ................................. 152
Carbon balance for forest based wind powerplant: WP Fužine, Croatia...................................... 153
Ivana Rogulj
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš za sun ane elektrane .......................................................................... 154
Environmental impact assesment of solar power plants ............................................................... 155
SEKCIJA 2 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ
SECTION 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
POSTER PREZENTACIJE / POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Marina Magajne, Ana ani , Aleksandar Popija , Zrinka Mesi , Tena Birov, Oleg Antoni
Makrofiti kao bioindikatori kakvo e teku ica u procjeni stanja okoliša ....................................... 159
Macrophyte as bioindicators of running waters quality in environmental assessment.................. 160
Tomi Haramina, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
Problem prihvatljivih razina pokazatelja stanja okoliša u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš ................... 161
Problem of acceptable levels of environmental indicators in environmental impact assessment .. 162
Božica Šorgi , Goran Gašparac, Sanja Grguri
Procjena utjecaja emisija iz postrojenja na kvalitetu zraka u okviru utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta
zaštite okoliša ............................................................................................................................... 163
Ambient air quality impact analysis of emissions from the installation as a part of the
environmental permit procedure................................................................................................... 164
Fatima Muhamedagi , Mirsad Veladži , Muhamed Muhamedagi , Samira Dedi
Kontrola ambijentalnih parametara u fabrici sanitetskog materijala u Velikoj Kladuši i njihovi
mogu i utjecaji na okoliš .............................................................................................................. 165
Control of ambient parameters in factory medical supplies in Velika Kladusa and their possible
impacts on the environment .......................................................................................................... 166
Melita Buri , Tanja Tudor
Procjena utjecaja buke na okoliš od aktivnosti luke nauti kog turizma ........................................ 167
Environmental noise impact assessment due to activities of marinas ........................................... 168
Tomi Haramina, Sanja Grguri , Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi , Sun ana Rapi , Melita Buri
Terenski i numeri ki istražni radovi nužni za uspješnu provedbu procjene utjecaja morskih luka na
okoliš – prilog za smjernice .......................................................................................................... 169
Field and numerical research necessary for successful environmental impact assessment of marine
ports – contribution to guidelines ................................................................................................. 170
Mirjana Mar eni , Katarina Buleši , Ivan Juratek
Analiza krajobraza pomo u GIS-a za potrebe procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš ....................... 171
Landscape analysis using GIS methodology for the environmental impact assessment ................ 172
Sun ana Rapi , Višnja Šteko, Tena Kušan, Željko
kovi
Postupak PUO kao važan instrument zaštite krajobraza: primjer uklapanja vodnih gra evina u
okolni prostor................................................................................................................................ 173
EIA as an important instrument for landscape protection: examples of fitting of hydrotechnical
structures into surrounding landscape.......................................................................................... 174
Dina Kova , Mirna Mazija, Goran Rnjak, Vida Zrn
Važnost biospeleološke komponente u monitoringu faune šišmiša prije izgradnje vjetroelektrane
...................................................................................................................................................... 175
The importance of biospeleological component in bat fauna monitoring during pre-construction of
wind farms .................................................................................................................................... 176
Ana ani , Marina Magajne, Luka Škunca, Edin Lugi ,Oleg Antoni
Zaštita ugroženih biljnih svojti na lokaciji izgradnje vjetroelektrane: primjer za VE Jelinak,
Hrvatska........................................................................................................................................ 177
Protection of endangered plant species at location of wind farm construction: example of WF
Jelinak, Croatia ............................................................................................................................ 178
Martina Linari , Tomislav Linari , Dajana Ku
Proizvodnja bioplina, biodiezela i etanola iz alternativnih izvora energije te njihov utjecaj na okoliš
...................................................................................................................................................... 179
Production of biogas, biodiesel and ethanol from alternative sources of energy and their impact on
the environment ............................................................................................................................ 180
SEKCIJA 3 - NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU
MREŽU /
SECTION 3 - NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
Ivan Martini , Maja Kerovec
„NATURA 2000“ u Hrvatskoj – što je realno o ekivati?.............................................................. 183
Natura 2000 in Croatia - What is it to be expected? ..................................................................... 184
Tina Klemen
, Darij Kraj
Slovenian experiences with Natura 2000 assessments – lessons learned ...................................... 185
Maja Kerovec, Stjepan Mišeti , Ivan Martini , Zlatko Pletikapi
NATURA 2000 - procjena utjecaja na ekološku mrežu ................................................................ 186
NATURA 2000 – Appropriate Assessment of the Project Ecological Network Impact .................. 187
Ivana Šari , Zoran Poljanec, Marta Brki
Ocjena prihvatljivosti planova i programa za podru ja ekološke mreže RH/NATURA 2000prakti na iskustva i mogu nosti budu e provedbe ........................................................................ 188
Ecological Network RC/NATURA 2000 Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Programmes Practical Experience and Possibilities for Further Application.................................................... 189
Zrinka Mesi , Orlando Venn, Vladimir Kušan, Tena Birov, Višnja Šteko, Hrvoje Peternel,
Ana ani , Oleg Antoni
Primjena smjernica za vrednovanje i o uvanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza u prostornim
planovima ..................................................................................................................................... 190
Application of guidelines for evaluation and conservation of biodiversity and landscape in spatial
plans ............................................................................................................................................. 191
Tajana Uzelac Obradovi , Jelena Fressl
Compensatory Measures Legislative framework and practice – implementation in Croatia ........ 192
Luka Škunca, Marina Magajne, Maja Masla , Sanja Grguri , Oleg Antoni
One iš enje zraka i Natura 2000 stanišni tipovi u Hrvatskoj ........................................................ 193
Air Pollution and Natura 2000 Habitat Types in Croatia ............................................................. 194
Sonja Šiši , Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi
Ekološka mreža u kontekstu izrade i provedbe prostornih planova, primjer Primorsko-goranske
županije ........................................................................................................................................ 195
Ecological network in the context of the elaboration and implementation of spatial plans – the
example of the County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar ......................................................................... 196
Nena Rasti , Aleksandra Ani Vu ini , Ivan Martini , Nenad Mikuli
Provedba NATURA 2000 u šumarstvu – mogu nosti provedbe kompenzacijskih mjera na podru ju
Gorskog Kotara ............................................................................................................................ 197
Implementation of NATURA 2000 in Forestry – Exercising the Compensation Measures in Gorski
Kotar Region ................................................................................................................................ 198
SEKCIJA 3 - NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU
MREŽU /
SECTION 3 - NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
POSTER PREZENTACIJE / POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Latinka Janjanin, Zoran Poljanec, Tajana Uzelac Obradovi
Kartiranje morskih staništa Istarske županije u sklopu SHAPE projekta i mogu nosti prakti ne
primjene rezultata ......................................................................................................................... 201
Marine habitats mapping in Istria county as part of SHAPE project and possibilities for practical
result aplication ............................................................................................................................ 202
Robert Špani , Vedran Šegota, Stjepan Dekani , Zoran Pišl
Revitalizacija vodnih tijela – neizbježan konflikt hidrotehni kog, gospodarskog i ekološkog
pristupa? ....................................................................................................................................... 203
Water bodies' revitalisation – inevitable conflict of the hydro technical, economical and ecological
approach? ..................................................................................................................................... 204
Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi , Zrinka Mesi , Edin Lugi , Oleg Antoni
Procjena nedostatnosti podataka za morski dio NATURA 2000 mreže u Hrvatskoj..................... 205
Data gap analysis for Natura 2000 marine network in Croatia .................................................... 206
Hrvoje Peternel, Petr Roth, Oleg Antoni , Zrinka Mesi , Ana ani , Mirna Mazija, Vladimir
Kušan
Primjena Priru nika za provedbu postupka Ocjene prihvatljivosti u o uvanju ekološke mreže RH
...................................................................................................................................................... 207
Application of the Appropriate Assessment Procedure Manual in conserving ecological network in
Croatia ......................................................................................................................................... 208
SEKCIJA 4 - SUDJELOVANJE JAVNOSTI /
SECTION 4 - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Mirjana Mateši , Dubravka Ba un
Komunikacija dionika u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš...................................................... 211
Communication of stakeholders in the process of environmental impact assessment ................... 212
Andreja Pavlovi , Nenad Mikuli , Daria Mateljak
Dublji uvid u praksu PUO u Hrvatskoj – istraživanje stavova o kvaliteti i djelotvornosti postupka
PUO i informiranja javnosti .......................................................................................................... 213
A deeper insight into the practice of the EIA in Croatia - research on attitudes about the quality
and effectiveness of the EIA and public information ..................................................................... 214
Jelena Fressl, Marta Brki , Marijana Bakula, Ivana Šari
Analysis of the public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment procedures ................. 215
Antonija Ujakovi , Tena Petrovi
Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš i isho enja okolišne dozvole:
iskustva dobivena kroz projekt...................................................................................................... 216
Public participation in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment and of issuing
environmental permits: experiences gained in the project ............................................................ 217
Mirjana erškov Klika, Hrvojka Šunji
Energetski projekti i javnost ......................................................................................................... 218
Energy projects and public ........................................................................................................... 219
Dora Tomi , Sonja Butula
Participativni postupci u procesu krajobraznog planiranja ............................................................ 220
Participatory Methods in the Landscape Planning Process.......................................................... 221
Juraj Kamenjarin, Ivana Raj
, Goranka Adam, Benedikt Aljinovi
Mišljenja zainteresirane javnosti i odluke lokalne zajednice u donošenju odluka vezanih za procjene
utjecaja na okoliš .......................................................................................................................... 222
Opinion of public and decisions of local communities in making decisions related to environmental
impact assessment......................................................................................................................... 223
Konrad Kiš, Marta Brki
Inclusion of Public and Concerned Public in Environmental Protection Affairs .......................... 224
Sandra Golubi
Pregled sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Me imurske
županije ........................................................................................................................................ 225
A Survey of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures in Me imurje
County .......................................................................................................................................... 226
Tanja Saulig Brajdi , Koraljka Vahtar – Jurkovi
Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima PUO i SPUO u gradu Rijeci i Primorsko-goranskoj županiji
...................................................................................................................................................... 227
Public participation in EIA and SEA in the City of Rijeka and Primorsko-goranska County ....... 228
Dražen Lovri , Ivan Vu kovi
Informiranje javnosti o planiranim aktivnostima – projekt HES Senj II faza ................................ 229
Public disclosure of the activities related to the HES Senj project - II phase ............................... 230
Nataša Lovri , Marko Lovri
Public involvement in environmental decision making processes within Nature Park Medvednica
...................................................................................................................................................... 231
Marko Lovri , Nataša Lovri
Stakeholders participation in the transposition of Natura 2000 directives in Croatian forestry ... 232
SEKCIJA 5 - ZAŠTITA OKOLIŠA I FINANCIRANJE PROJEKATA /
SECTION 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PROJECT
FINANCING
Marija Vojnovi
Uloga pretpristupnih programa EU i strukturnih fondova EU u ja anju infrastrukture zaštite okoliša
...................................................................................................................................................... 235
The role of EU pre-accession programs and EU structural funds in the fostering of environmental
infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 236
Andreja Neral Lamza
Veliki infrastrukturni projekti u podru ju zaštite okoliša - Osnovni principi pripreme projekata za
prijavu na financiranje iz EU fondova .......................................................................................... 237
Environmental major infrastructure projects – Basic principles for preparation of projects applying
for EU funds ................................................................................................................................. 238
Mustafa Nušinovi , Dejan Kalambura, Sanja Kalambura, Nives Jovi
Projekti gospodarenja otpadom - izazovi financiranja .................................................................. 239
Waste Management Projects - Financing Chalenges.................................................................... 240
Igor Radovi , Frank Ryan, Ratko or evi , Mario Pokriva
Zaštita životne sredine u operativnim politikama me unarodnih finansijskih institucija koje
sufinansiraju projekte autoputeva na Koridoru X.......................................................................... 241
Environmental Protection in Operational Policies of International Financial Institutions that cofinance Motorway Projects in Corridor X .................................................................................... 242
Mario Zovko
Financiranje izrade Planova aktivnosti za postoje a postrojenja ................................................... 243
Financing Action Plans preparation for existing facilities ........................................................... 244
Minela Isakovi , Maja Taslidži -Ša iragi , Esma Mani , Vanja urin
Održivo finansiranje zašti enih podru ja u BiH ........................................................................... 245
Sustainable financing of protected areas in B&H ......................................................................... 246
SEKCIJA 1 / SECTION 1
STRATEŠKA PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ /
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Reflections on SEA system development in Croatia
Ji í Dusík1, Martin Smutný1, Matjaž Harmel2,
Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak3
1
Integra Consulting Ltd., Pob ežní 14, Prague, Czech Republic,
(jiri.dusik@integracons.com, martin.smutny@integracons.com)
2
ZaVita Ltd., Lovkova 5, Cerknica, Slovenia (matjaz@zavita.si)
3
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Croatia, as soon as it enters into EU, is expected to fully apply SEA Directive
and also UNECE SEA Protocol which was signed and ratified by Croatia.
Proper application of SEA will at the same time become one of the core
conditionalities for the future use of EU Funds in 2014-2020.
SEA legaly required in Croatia since June 2008, however only few full SEAs
were conducted in coutry over the past five years. This sharply contracts with
the scale of practice in other countires, where typically hundreds of SEAs
would be implemented during the same period.
Initial consultations within an EU co-financed IPA project ‘Strengthening
capacities for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) at regional and local
level’ indicated the need to:
• Strengthen the screening system – apply SEA to all plans that need it
• Ensure an early start of the SEA process,
• Improve communication between planners and SEA experts,
• Focus SEAs only on key strategic issues and simplify the assessment
approach,
• Make sure that SEA is used for comparing alternatives and informing
decision-making on proposed plans and programmes
The paper presents key recommendations on the above topics that were
elaborated throuzgh consultations with Croatian officials and experts by the
project team.
Keywords: SEA, Croatia, EU Directive, IPA project
Experience in Transposition and Implementation of the
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Slovenia
Vesna Kolar Planinši 1, Jelka Habjan1, Tomaž Grilj1, Barbara
Breznik1, Mojca Lenardi 1, Jure Likar1, Metka ernel 1,
Katarina Celi 1
1
Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana,
Slovenia (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si)
Abstract
The SEA Directive was transposed by the Environmental Law in 2003 and
decrees, when the first SEA implementation phase started followed by
administrative and other measures according to EU guidelines. The Ministry of
Agriculture and the Environment is the competent national authority for SEA
and all related directives. In the following three years the relations and
cooperation between the authorities in the SEA process were developed and
regularly proceed. In 2010 Slovenia entered the OECD and improved its
capacities and procedure according to the regulation and guidelines on SEA.
The article presents practical experiences in the period 2006–2013 in all
essential phases of SEA – screening, scoping, environmental report preparation,
quality assurance and public participation and the final environmental decision
for different public plans and programmes, such as land use, spatial planning,
transport, energy, waste, agriculture, fisheries, forest management and tourism.
The overall statistics with the reasons for SEA are presented for a 6-year
period. In this period 1,827 screening decisions were accepted along with 178
final decision for plans and programmes at the national and municipality levels.
The information on the screening and final decisions has been available to the
public. At the same time, the relevant experts have also been organised on the
NGO.
Slovenia had three court cases at the administrative court and one infringement
procedure from European Commission.
Keywords: Strategic environmental assessment, transposition, screening, public
participation, SEA directive, OECD
The Use and Effectiveness of SEA in Slovenia
Aleš Mlakar
Prostorsko na rtovanje Aleš Mlakar s.p., Pokopališka ulica 5, Ljubljana,
Slovenia (ales.mlakar@siol.com)
Abstract
Purpose of the project is to set a criteria system for evaluate SEA practice and
obtain an estimate of what has Slovenia achieved so far, how the SEA process
has contributed to the achievement of goals of environmental protection and
what were the efficiency, costs and benefits of its practicing. Criteria system
relate to substantive efficiency and procedural effectiveness of SEA.
SEA in some cases exceeds a verification procedure, and becomes an
optimization activity, which aims to a plan modification/change in a way that it
causes the least impact to the environment. On the other hand, the practice is
still associated with misunderstanding of the purpose of SEA, with a number of
conflict situations, including procedural complications resulting in extended
time and costs, inability of implementation of legitimate developmental
interests. SEA is based on normative protection with determining of mitigation
measures and contributes to design of integrated and innovative solutions very
rarely.
Results of project are propositions for SEA to be more effective. SEA should
deal with strategic level, be an optimization activity, part of policy, program
and plan preparation process, part of comprehensive process dealing with
impacts on society, economy and environment. On the end 4 levels/concepts of
practice modifications are proposed - from stimulation of project approach,
education, good practice and integrity of stakeholders, to the radical change of
SEA legal/approach framework.
Keywords: SEA, efficiency, effectiveness, good practice, legal framework
Strateška procjena utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš kao
instrument zaštite prirode
Marina Stenek1, Loris Elez2, Nenad Mikuli
3
1
ISOR – Informacijski sustavi održivog razvoja, Ra iš e 357, Ra iš e, Hrvatska
(marinastenek@gmail.com)
2
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska
3
Eko Invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Objedinjeni postupak Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš i Ocjene
prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu proveden je za Prostorni plan Primorskogoranske županije. U procesu izrade plana istraženi su, prema namjeni, udjeli
ugra enih smjernica i mjera zaštite prirode u odnosu na zaprimljene iz
ministarstva nadležnog za zaštitu prirode i Državnog zavoda za zaštitu prirode,
te proizišlih iz Strateške studije. Istraženi su i na ini ugradnje i to analizom
kartografskih prikaza i odredbi za provo enje. S obzirom na rezultate te
utvr enu nesistemati nost i nekonzistentnost ugradnje smjernica i mjera u plan
zaklju eno je da objedinjeni postupak nije pridonio zna ajnijem poboljšanju u
sustavu zaštite prirode.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita prirode, dokumenti prostornog ure enja, Strateška
procjena, Ocjena prihvatljivosti
Strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans as an
instrument for nature conservation
Marina Stenek1, Loris Elez2, Nenad Mikuli
3
1
ISOR –Sustainable Development Information Systems, Ra iš e 357, Ra iš e,
Croatia (marinastenek@gmail.com)
2
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Ulica Republike Austrije
14, Zagreb, Croatia
3
Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 20, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The integrated procedure of strategic environmental assessment and appropriate
assessment on ecological network was implemented for the Physical plan of
Primorsko-goranska County. Through drafting of the plan, shares of
incorporated nature protection guidelines and measures have been researched
according to their purpose, in relation to those received from the ministry
responsible for nature protection, the State Institute for Nature Protection and
arising from the Environmental report. The methods of their incorporation were
also studied by analysing cartographic representations and implementation
provisions. Identified lack of systematic and consistent incorporation shows
that the integrated procedure did not contribute to significant improvement
within the nature protection system.
Keywords: nature protection, physical planning documents, Strategic
Environmental Assessment, Appropriate Assessment of impacts on the
ecological network
Analiza varijantnih rješenja u postupku Strateške procjene
utjecaja na okoliš kao sredstvo donošenja prostorno - planskih
odluka
Tihana Matota1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli
2
1
Ministarstvo graditeljstva i prostornoga ure enja, Ul.R.Austrije 20, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (tihana.matota@mgipu.hr)
2
Geotehni ki fakultet Sveu ilišta u Zagrebu, Zavod za inženjerstvo okoliša,
Halllerova aleja 7, Varaždin, Hrvatska (aav@gfv.hr)
3
Eko
Invest,
d.o.o.,
Draškovi eva
50,
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
(ekoinvest@ekoinvest.hr)
Sažetak
Glavni cilj prostornog planiranja je posti i optimalan raspored ljudi, dobara i
djelatnosti u prostoru. Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš i prostorno
planiranje su u mnogo emu sli ni procesi, koji svaki sa svog motrišta
razmatraju ista pitanja. U Republici Hrvatskoj provo enje strateške procjene
utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš još je u za etku, dok u više europskih
zemalja ta praksa postoji još od 90.-ih godina 20. stolje a. Usvajanjem
Direktive 2001/42/EC, te UN ECE Protokola o SEA-i, ona se u zemljama
Europske unije obvezno provodi od 2004. godine. Ovaj rad analizira neke
primjere provo enja strateške procjene utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš u
zemljama Europske unije te ih uspore uje sa jednim od prvih primjera
provedbe ovog postupka u Hrvatskoj. Cilj je rada istražiti mogu i doprinos
strateške procjene utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš procesu donošenja
prostorno planskih odluka, osobito kroz analizu varijantnih rješenja. Provedena
analiza pokazala je da Strateška procjena pred sudionike u donošenju
prostornih planova iznosi širi spektar mogu nosti i ograni enja predloženih
rješenja. Došlo se je do zaklju ka da realno definirana, sveobuhvatno
procijenjena te demokrati no odabrana varijantna rješenja mogu doprinijeti
nadogradnji procesa odabira optimalnih prostorno planskih rješenja, posebice s
motrišta zaštite prirode i okoliša.
Klju ne rije i: Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, prostorno planiranje,
varijantna rješenja
Analysis of Alternatives in Strategic Environmental
Assessment Process as Instrument Used in Physical Planning
Decisions
Tihana Matota1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli
3
1
Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, Republike Austrije 20,
Zagreb, Croatia (tihana.matota@mgipu.hr)
2
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geotehnical Engineering, Department for
environmental engineering, Halllerova aleja 7, Varaždin, Croatia
(aav@gfv.hr)
3
Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia (ekoinvest@ekoinvest.hr)
Abstract
Physical planning aims at achieving the ideal distribution of population,
functions and activities in space. Strategic environmental assessment and
physical plans exhibit substantial similarities, each of them considering
identical issues. The implementation of strategic environmental assessment of
physical plans is still in its inception in the Republic of Croatia, while several
European countries have developed that practice already in 1990s. By adoption
of Directive 2001/42/EC, and UN ECE Protocol on SEA, implementation of
strategic environmental assessment has become mandatory in countries of the
European Union as of 2004. This paper analyses several cases of its
implementation in the EU member states, comparing them with one of the first
cases of implementation of this process in Croatia. The specific objective of
this paper is to examine the likely effect of strategic environmental assessment
of physical plans on the process of reaching physical planning decisions,
primarily through alternative solution analysis. The analysis has proved that
strategic environmental assessment introduces the physical plan stakeholders to
a wider range of possibilities and restrictions within the proposed solutions. A
conclusion has been reached that alternatives, provided they are defined in real
terms, comprehensively assessed and democratically selected, can contribute to
the abovementioned process, especially in view of environmental and nature
protection.
Keywords: Strategic environmental assessment, physical planning, alternatives
Teorija održivog prostornog planiranja i Strateška procjena
utjecaja na okoliš
Erna Alihodži
Dvokut pro d.o.o. Sarajevo, Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
(erna@dvokut.ba)
Sažetak
U promoviranju održivog razvoja gradova, op ina i regija, izražena je potreba
za prostornim planiranjem koje objedinjuje prostorne, ekonomske i društvene
aspekte, ali i aspekte okoliša i podržava inegralni pristup. Prostorni plan
prerasta iz instrumenta korištenja prostora u instrument upravljanja odnosno
razvoja prostora i zaštite okoliša.
U radu se uspore uje prostorno planiranje sa Strateškom procjenom utjecaja na
okoliš i daju se osnovna obilježja održivog razvoja. Zalaže se za nove
paradigme u prostornom i okolinskom planiranju i davanje važnosti
ekonomskom, društvenom i prostornom razvoju, ali i razvoju okoliša.
Uklju ivanje impakata okoline u proces planiranja korištenjem Procjene
utjecaja na okoliš i Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš podrazumijeva
unošenje nove filozofije održivog razvoja u sistem vrijednosti društva.
Objedinjeno prostorno planiranje i planiranje okoliša može osigurati novu
kvalitetu u objema vrstama planiranja, ali i kvalitetniji razvoj podru ja koja
takve postupke primjenjuju.
Klju ne rije i: prostorno planiranje, strateška procjene utjecaja na okoliš,
održivi razvoj
The theory of sustainable spatial planning and Strategic
Environmental Assessment
Erna Alihodzic
Dvokut pro Ltd. Sarajevo, Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
(erna@dvokut.ba)
Abstract
In promoting the sustainable development of cities, municipalities and regions,
there is a need for spatial planning that integrates the physical, economical and
social aspect, and aspects of the environment and it supports integral approach.
Spatial plan grows from the tool for space usage into a management tool or
development tool of space and environmental protection.
The paper compares the spatial planning with Strategic Environmental
Assessment and gives the basic features of sustainable development. It
advocates for new paradigmes in spatial and environmental planning and it
gives appreciation to the economic, social and physical and environmental
development.
Including environment impacts in the planning process using an Environmental
Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment involves the
introduction of the new philosophy of sustainable development in the system of
social values. Unified spatial and environmental planning can provide a new
level of quality in both types of planning, as well as more qualitative
development of areas which are applying such procedures.
Keywords: spatial planning, strategic environmental impact assessment,
sustainable development
Environmental Noise Directive and its role in SEA procedures
Dinko Kello1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Sandro Gervasio3
1
KELLO Consulting, Ltd., Kozjak 54, Zagreb, Croatia
Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia
3
Progetti e Servizi, Torino, Italy
2
Abstract
Croatia made major progress in transposing the Environmental Noise Directive
2002/49/EC (END) in national legislation (Amendments to the Noise
Protection Act, OG 20/2003/2013), but very little progress was made regarding
the implementation of main END requirements in respect to the development of
Noise Maps and Action Plans. The implementation of main articles and
annexes of the END is primarily focused on a long-term prevention from the
environmental noise caused by big infrastructural investments, such as
highways, railways, airports, cities, etc, by influencing primarily the
development of Spatial plans. Therefore, the END is the most critical part of
the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as prerequisite of any national
or regional Spatial planning procedures. The END is relatively young directive,
and therefore, represents a major challenge for most of the EU member states,
particularly in respect to the production of 3D noise maps and adoption of
sectoral action plans. Although the 3D noise maps and action plans represent
very strong instrument in preparing SEA, it is very rarely used because of lack
of knowledge in dealing with this specific environmental health risks. This
article will focus on the recently adopted National Environmental Noise
Protection Strategy (2012), which is prepared with the assistance of EU IPA
funded project (EuropeAid/129403/D/SER/HR), and will elaborate about its
implementation and possible role in upgrading the SEA procedures.
Keywords: Environmental Noise Directive, Noise
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Health Risks
Maps,
Strategic
Usporedba i razlike u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš za
Prostorni plan i Operativni program
Mario Pokriva 1, Mirjana Mar eni 1, Konrad Kiš1
1
Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb,
(mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr, mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr,
konrad.kis@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš primjenjuje se za prostorni plan ili
program koji se donosi na državnoj ili regionalnoj razini. Iako je sadržaj
odre en pravnim propisom sama strateška procjena za Operativni program
odnosno Prostorni plan se zna ajno razlikuje. Polaze i od same strukture
Operativnog programa i Prostornog plana razlike su sljede e:
opis Programa je s manje detalja nego opis Prostornog plana,
obuhvat Programa je definiran na cijelu Hrvatsku, uglavnom bez
navo enja pojedina nih podru ja dok je Prostorni plan vezan za
podru je županije,
opis pojedina nih aktivnosti je u Programu dan na apstraktnoj razini dok
je u Prostornom planu jasno odre en,
opis prostora kod Programa je op enit dok je kod Prostornog plana
prili no detaljan s razradom osjetljivosti, zona i sl.
Sve ove razlike uvjetuju da se postupku strateške procjene mora pristupiti na
sasvim razli it na in i s druga ijom metodologijom izrade. U slu aju
Operativnog programa pristup e biti više neodre en i apstraktan (ovisno o tipu
i vrsti Operativnog programa), dok se u slu aju Prostornog plana strateška
procjena može i mora obaviti uz uvažavanje svih okolišno-prostornih zna ajki.
Klju ni element od kojeg zavisi davanje mjera (smjernica) bit e odabir
pravilnih pokazatelja (indikatora) stanja okoliša i promjena u okolišu.
Klju ne rije i: program, prostorni plan, metodologija, pristup, okolišni
pokazatelji
Comparison and Differences Regarding Strategic
Environmental Impact Assessment Conducted for Physical
Plans and Operational Programmes
Mario Pokriva 1, Mirjana Mar eni 1, Konrad Kiš1
1
Dvokut
ECRO
Ltd.,
Trnjanska
cesta
37,
Zagreb,
(mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr, mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr,
konrad.kis@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Croatia
Abstract
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) is applied to a physical plan
or programme delivered on a state or regional level. Although the content is
legally prescribed, the assessment varies significantly regarding a physical plan
when compared to an operational programme. Starting from the very structure
of an operational programme and a physical plan, the differences are as
follows:
programme description is much less detailed when compared to a
physical plan,
range of a programme is defined for Croatia as a whole, generally not
stating specific areas as opposed to a physical plan which is applied
for the area of a county,
the description of specific activities is provided on an abstract level
within a programme, while it is clearly defined within a physical plan,
spatial description within a programme is quite broad, while in a
physical plan it is described in details with a very precise elaboration
of sensitiveness, zones etc.
All stated differences are the reason why Strategic Impact Assessment
procedures must be approached in a different manner and by using a different
drafting methodology. In case of an operational programme, the approach will
be less determined and more abstract (depending on type and sort of an
operational programme), while a physical plan strategic assessment can and has
to be conducted in a way to respect all environmental and spatial features. The
key element on which the subsequent prescribing of measures (guidelines)
depends will be the correct choice of indicators of state of the environment and
its changes.
Keywords: program, physical plan, methodology, approach, environmental
indicators
Operational Programme Environment 2014-2020 and role of
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Nenad Mikuli 1, Dinko Kello2
1
2
Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia
KELLO Consulting Ltd, Kozjak 54, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
From 1 July 2013, Croatia is becoming the 28th EU member state, and is
therefore, eligible for using the Cohesion Funds (CF) and European Regional
Development Funds (ERDF) for co-financing the Operational Programme
“Environment” (OPE). The OPE represents the programme document for
absorbing the EU funds allocated for the environmental sector, covering a
rolling seven-year period 2014-2020. The basis for preparing the OPE 20142020 is prepared Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which should,
beside the waste and water sectors (which are the priorities of OPE 2007-2013
period), to expand to new sectors, such as nature and air protection, but also
marine environment protection, soil protection, climate change adaptation, risk
prevention and other areas which are applicable under thematic objectives No
5) and 6) established in the Regulation on Cohesion Funds (article 9 of the
Proposal for a Regulation COM (2011) 615 final/2). Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA) of this OPE is the responsibility of the MENP, and SEA
procedure should be conducted in line with the provision of the Environmental
Protection Act (OG 110/07), Regulation on strategic environmental assessment
of plans and programme (OG 64/08) and Regulation on information and
participation of the public and public concerned in environmental matters (OG
64/08), which are aligned with Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the
effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment. Since the time for
completing the OPE 2014-2020 is extremely short, it indicates urgency on
preparing SEA, as well as above mentioned sectors strategies, as prerequisite
for specific OPE Priority axes. Without adopted OPE 2014 and approved by
EU, no Cohesion Fund projects could be prepared and the EU funds absorbed.
This paper will focus on the procedural issues regarding the development of
OPE 2014-2020, and in particular on the content of SEA in respect to the above
mentioned new sectors and their strategic priorities for the new 7 years period.
Keywords: Operational Programme, Strategic Environmental Assessment,
Cohesion Fund Projects
Istraživanje indikatora okoliša u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja
na okoliš energetskog plana i programa
Tomislav Strahovnik1, Nenad Mikuli
2
1
Hrvatska energetska regulatorna agencija, Ulica grada Vukovara 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (tstrahovnik@hera.hr),
2
EKO INVEST, d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš je postupak kojime se u ranoj fazi izrade
strategija, plana, programa ili zakonskih propisa ocjenjuje njihov utjecaj na
okoliš i prirodu.
Indikatori okoliša su u inkovit alat za pra enje promjena te ostvarenje ciljeva
sektorskih politika ili strategija.
Pomo u indikatora okoliša kvantificiraju se utjecaji pojedinog plana ili
programa na okoliš.
Primjenom najnovijih znanstvenih istraživanja u uspostavi modela odlu ivanja
odabirom indikatora okoliša mogu e je unaprijediti odlu ivanje u postupku
strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš.
U ovom radu istražili bi se indikatori okoliša koji su povezani s energetskim
sektorom, a koji se mogu koristiti u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš
energetskog plana i programa.
Tako er, u radu e biti prikazani odgovaraju i kriteriji za odabir indikatora
okoliša za upotrebu u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš energetskog plana i
programa.
Primjenom sustava DPSIR (Drive-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) odredit e
se indikatori okoliša koji su povezani s energetikom.
DPSIR sustav koristan je alat, a koristi se za odabir indikatora okoliša.
Osim toga, za upotpunjavanje klju nih indikatora istražiti e se i do sada ne
opisani indikatori okoliša, a koji opisuju utjecaje na okoliš pojedinih
energenata.
Klju ne rije i: indikatori okoliša, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš,
energetski plan ili program, DPSIR model
Research of environmental indicators in the strategic
assessment of the environmental impact of the energy plan
and program
Tomislav Strahovnik1, Nenad Mikuli
2
1
Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency, Ulica grada Vukovara 14, Zagreb,
Croatia (tstrahovnik@hera.hr),
2
EKO INVEST Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Strategic environmental assessment is the process at an early stage of
development strategies, plans, programs or legislation assesses their impact on
the environment and nature.
Environmental indicators are an effective tool for monitoring changes and
achieving the objectives of sector policies and strategies.
Environmental indicators are used to quantify the effects of each plan or
program.
By applying the latest scientific research in the establishment of decision
making by selecting environmental indicators can improve the decision making
in the strategic environmental assessment.
In this paper we investigate environmental indicators that are related to the
energy sector, which can be used in a strategic environmental assessment of the
impact of the energy sector.
Also, the paper will be shown the appropriate criteria for the selection of
environmental indicators for use in the strategic assessment of the
environmental impact of the energy curriculum.
Energy related environmental indicators will be classified using the DrivePressure-Impact-State-Response (DPSIR) model which is useful tool for
selection of environmental indicators.
In addition, to complement the key indicators it will be investigated and so far
not described environmental indicators, which describe the environmental
impacts of specific energy source.
Keywords: environmental indicators1, strategic environmental assessment2,
energy plan or programme3, DPSIR model4
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš dokumenata prostornog
ure enja na primjeru Primorsko-goranske županije
Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi 1, Sonja Šiši
1
Primorsko-goranska
županija,
Adami eva
10,
(koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr)
2
Javna ustanova „Priroda“, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Hrvatska
2
Rijeka,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Cilj rada je prikazati kako je provedena strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš
novoga prostornog plana Primorsko-goranske županije. U radu se izlaže tijek
postupka, sudionici u postupku, sudjelovanje javnosti, kao i tijela odre enih
posebnim propisima. Posebno se daje prikaz na ina na koji su provedba glavne
ocjene prihvatljivosti plana za ekološku mrežu i pitanja zaštite okoliša
integrirana u prostorni plan. S obzirom da se radi o prvoj strateškoj procjeni
utjecaja na okoliš jednoga prostornog plana na podru ju Republike Hrvatske,
zaklju no se isti e da iskustvo Primorsko-goranske županije može poslužiti kao
primjer za provedbu sli nih postupaka.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita okoliša, prostorno planiranje, instrumenti zaštite okoliša,
strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, Primorsko-goranska županija
Strategic environmental impact assessment of the physical
planning documents using the example of the Spatial plan of
the Primorsko-goranska County
Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi 1, Sonja Šiši
1
County of Primorje-Gorski kotar, Adami eva
(koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr)
2
Priroda Public Institution, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Croatia
10,
2
Rijeka,
Croatia
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the strategic environmental impact
assessment of the new Spatial plan of the Primorsko-goranska County. The
paper describes the process of making the assessment, the participants in the
project, the participation of the general public as well as the specially appointed
bodies. The main assessment of the acceptability of the plan for ecological
network and the questions of environmental protection integrated in the Spatial
plan are specially presented. Considering that this is the first strategic
environmental impact assessment of a spatial plan in Croatia, it is suggested
that the experience of the Primorsko-goranska County can serve as an example
for other similar procedures.
Keywords: environmental protection, physical planning, instruments of
environmental protection, strategic environmental impact assessment,
Primorsko-goranska County
Multikriterijalna prostorna analiza kao podloga za SPUO
plana razvoja marikulture Splitsko-dalmatinske županije
Ognjen Škunca1, Tomi Haramina2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 2,3,
Sun ana Rapi 2,3, Sanja Grguri 4, Josip Križan4, Lav Bav evi 5
1
Granulum Salis d.o.o., 3. Bijeni ki ogranak 13, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(oskunca@yahoo.com); 2Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju; Trg
senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 3Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove
zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Gekom
Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Hrvatska; 5Javna poljoprivredna savjetodavna služba, Podru ni odjel Zadarske
županije, Mažurani eva 30/I, Zadar, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Studija razvoja sektora marikulture na podru ju Splitsko-dalmatinske županije
izra ena je s ciljem osmišljavanja održivog razvoja sektora, a za potrebe
izmjena i dopuna županijskog prostornog plana. Studija se temeljila na
multikriterijalnoj analiza morskog prostora SDŽ koja je obuhvatila: 1) kriterije
pogodnosti za djelatnost (uklju uju i izloženost lokacije vjetru i valovima,
strujanje, dubinu, one iš enje, stupanj trofi nosti, infrastrukturne uvjete i
dostupnost lokacije); 2) kriterije ranjivosti prostora (u smislu prihvatnog
kapaciteta okoliša, vrijednih ekosustava osjetljivih na neke utjecaje na okoliš od
djelatnosti marikulture, krajobraznog utjecaja); te 3) interese drugih dionika u
prostoru (naselja, turizam, pomorski promet, zašti ena podru ja, ribarstvo). U
izradu studije su kroz participativni proces, u svim fazama planiranja bili
uklju eni svi relevantni dionici. Rezultati analize su: prijedlog zona za
marikulturu – za uzgoj riba i školjkaša, s okvirnom procjenom uzgojnih
kapaciteta u svakoj zoni, u formatu i mjerilu prikladnom za izravno
uklju ivanje u županijski prostorni plan; elementi strateške studije utjecaja
plana na okoliš, odnosno izvješ a o na inu na koji su u plan integrirani uvjeti
zaštite okoliša utvr eni strateškom procjenom; te elementi ocjene
prihvatljivosti plana na ekološku mrežu. Studija je neupitno pridonijela kvaliteti
prijedloga izmjena i dopuna prostornog plana, kao i strukturiranosti i
argumentiranosti javne rasprave prijedloga.
Klju ne rije i: prostorna multikriterijalna analiza, marikultura, strateška
procjena utjecaja na okoliš, ocjena prihvatljivosti plana na ekološku mrežu,
integralno upravljanje obalnim podru jem.
Spatial multi-criteria analysis as a foundation for SEA of
mariculture development plan for Split-dalmatian county
Ognjen Škunca1, Tomi Haramina2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 2,3,
Sun ana Rapi 2,3, Sanja Grguri 4, Josip Križan4, Lav Bav evi 5
1
Granulum Salis Ltd., 3. Bijeni ki ogranak 13, Zagreb, Croatia
(oskunca@yahoo.com); 2Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg
senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 12, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Gekom Geophysical and ecological modelling Ltd. Trg
senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Croatian Agricultural Chamber,
Regional Department of the Zadar County, Mažurani eva 30/I, Zadar, Croatia
Abstract
Mariculture development study for Split-dalmatian county area has been
prepared to provide directions for the sector's sustainable development, with
planned integration of the study's recommendation in forthcoming amendments
to the County's spatial plan. The study has been based on spatial multi-criteria
analysis of the County's coastal area that took into account: site's suitability for
mariculture criteria (including the sites exposure to wind and waves, sea
currents, depth, pollution, trophic status, infrastructure, and site's accessibility);
site's vulnerability criteria (in sense of the carrying capacity of the surrounding
environment, sensitivity of some valuable ecosystems on some mariculture
environmental impacts, impacts on landscape); interests of other sectors in the
area (including settlements, tourism, sea traffic, protected areas, fisheries). The
study has been prepared through participatory process that has included all
relevant stakeholders in all phases of the planning. The results of the analysis
were: recommended zones for mariculture – for fish cage farms and shellfish
farms, with estimate for production capacities of each zone, in format and scale
suitable for direct integration into the County spatial plan; elements of Strategic
environmental assessment of the plan, i.e. report on how the plan has integrated
environmental protection measures identified by the SEA; elements of
Appropriate assessment for the plan. The study conclusively has contributed to
the quality of the proposed amendments to the County's spatial plan, as well as
to the soundness of the amendments’ public review process.
Keywords: spatial multi-criteria analysis, mariculture, strategic environmental
assessment, appropriate assessment, integrated coastal zone management.
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš Plana upravljanja
vodnim podru jima
Anita Gulam1, Anamarija Matak1, Vesna Trbojevi
2
1
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(anita.gulam@mzoip.hr)
2
Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, Ulica Grada Vukovara 78, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Plan upravljanja vodnim podru jima obuhva a dva vodna podru ja na podru ju
Republike Hrvatske: vodno podru je rijeke Dunav i jadransko vodno podru je.
Cilj koji se planira posti i Planom je o uvanje dobrog stanja voda u svrhu
zaštite života i zdravlja ljudi, te zaštite vodnih ekosustava. Strateškom
procjenom utjecaja na okoliš, kao instrumentom zaštite okoliša, procjenjuju se
utjecaji plana i programa na okoliš, temeljem Zakona o zaštiti okoliša (NN, broj
110/07) i Uredbe o strateškoj procjeni utjecaja plana i programa na okoliš (NN,
broj 64/08). U postupku strateške procjene odre uju se odgovaraju e mjere
zaštite okoliša i program pra enja stanja okoliša.
U ovom radu predstavljen je postupak odre ivanja sadržaja strateške studije, te
je uspore en sa sadržajem koji je propisan Direktivom 2001/42/EZ. Provedena
je analiza metoda koje su korištene za procjenu utjecaja plana na okoliš.
Tako er, prikazan je postupak ocjene strateške studije i analizirane su mjere
zaštite okoliša i program pra enja koji se predlažu kako bi se zna ajni utjecaji
provedbe plana sveli na prihvatljivu razinu.
Na temelju provedenih analiza i usporedbi predložene su odgovaraju e
preporuke i smjernice za postupke strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš za
dokumente iz podru ja gospodarenja vodama.
Klju ne rije i: strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, plan, strateška studija,
mjere zaštite okoliša
Strategic Environmental Assessment for the River Basin
Management Plan
Anita Gulam1, Anamarija Matak1, Vesna Trbojevi
2
1
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia (anita.gulam@mzoip.hr)
2
Ministry of Agriculture, Ulica Grada Vukovara 78, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The River Basin Management Plan covers two basin districts: the Danube river
basin district and the Adriatic river basin district. The goal to be achieved
through the plan is to preserve good water status in order to protect human life
and health and protection of aquatic ecosystems. The Strategic Environmental
Assessment, as an environmental protection tool, is used for the assessing of a
plan’s and programme’s environmental impacts, pursuant to the Environmental
Protection Act (OG 110/07) and the Regulation on SEA of plans and
programmes (OG 64/08). The Strategic Environmental Assessment procedure
includes determination of specific environmental protection measures and of an
environmental monitoring program.
In this paper, a procedure for determining the content of the strategic
assessment study has been presented and it has been compared with the content
prescribed by the Directive 2001/42/EC. Methods which are used to assess the
impacts of the plan on the environment have been examined. Furthermore, the
authors have also presented a procedure of evaluation of the strategic
assessment study and have analysed the environmental protection measures and
monitoring program which are proposed in order to reduce significant effects of
implementing the plan to an acceptable level.
Based on the conducted analysis and comparisons the relevant
recommendations and guidelines for the SEA procedures for the documents in
the field of water management have been suggested.
Keywords: strategic environmental assessment, plan, strategic assessment
study, environmental protection measures
The use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Transport
Masterplanning
André van Kuijk1, A. Pucci2
1
Witteveen+Bos Consulting engineers, Leeuwenbrug 8, P.O. Box 233,
Deventer, the Netherlands (a.vkuijk@witteveenbos.nl)
2
APCK doo Consulting, Kraljia Petra 58/6, Belgrade, Serbia
(anto.pucci@libero.it)
Abstract
In recent years Witteveen+Bos was involved in the development of Transport
Masterplans for Serbia (nationwide) and Latvia (regional plan for Riga and
Pieriga). In both cases it was decided that a Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA) in line with EU and national regulations should be carried
out. It appeared not straightforward to perform a SEA for Transport
Masterplans, as a SEA is more on the evaluation of fully fledged alternatives,
whereas in Transport Masterplans a bundle of individual projects is considered,
some of which is already decided upon. Furthermore, national regulations do
acknowledge the use of SEA, but tend to follow the procedures for
Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), which are in general more strict as
they are related to environmental permitting.
An approach was made that could be adapted for both Master Plans. The key
element of this was to include the cost of environmental impacts into the Cost
Benefit Analysis for the Master Plan. Furthermore, project fiches were made to
facilitate the further environmental evaluation of the individual transport
development projects, to be performed in the EIA stage of the projects. During
workshops with stakeholders it was concluded that this approach was wellaccepted as being fit for purpose.
Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, Infrastructure, Transport
Masterplanning, Traffic Impacts
Strategic Environmental Assessment for institutional decision
making: a case-study from the Walloon Region, Belgium
Amandine D'Haese1, Wouter Dieleman1, Jean-Michel Baijot2
1
ECOREMPic., Kontichsesteenweg 38, Aartselaar, Belgium (info@ecorem.be);
Service Public de Wallonie, DG02, Boulevard du Nord 8, Namur, Belgium
2
Abstract
Although the assessment of the environmental impact of projects at a local
level is now rooted in the practices by most countries worldwide, the evaluation
of the global impact and potential alternatives of a whole program is yet to be
adopted as common practice. Following that need, the European Union
requires, through the European Directive 2001/42/EC, also called 'Strategic
Environmental Assessment' (SEA) - Directive', that specific public programs
undergo an assessment of their effect on the environment prior to their
adoption.
Theoretically, the SEA entails the integration of environmental considerations
in planning and programming procedures and decisions. It is in fact an "upstream" process that allows identifying optimal options at an early planning
stage when modifications can still be considered and integrated. The SEA can
as such be considered as a decision support tool to increase the global
awareness of all involved parties.
European experience has notably confirmed that the contribution of SEAs has
improved the organization and structure of the whole planning practice. The
SEA conducted in 20112012 for the Walloon program called "Seine-Scheldt
inland waterways and connections in the Walloon region" in Belgium is a good
case study we would like to share. This program is part of the European SeineScheldt project which will provide a large capacity transport axis between the
Parisian region, the Seine estuary, Northern France, Belgium and the
Netherlands.
Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, program, institutional,
decision making
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš za institucionalno
donošenje odluka: analiza slu aja iz Valonske regije u Belgiji
Amandine D'Haese1, Wouter Dieleman1, Jean-Michel Baijot2
1
ECOREMPlc., Kontichsesteenweg 38, Aartselaar, Belgija (info@ecorem.be);
Service Public de Wallonie, DG02, Boulevard du Nord 8, Namur, Belgija
2
Sažetak
Iako je procjena utjecaja projekata na okoliš na lokalnoj razini ve ukorijenjena
u praksi u ve ini zemalja diljem svijeta, procjena globalnih utjecaja i
potencijalne varijante cijelog programa još trebaju biti usvojene kao uobi ajena
praksa. Na tragu tih potreba Europska unija zahtijeva, kroz europsku direktivu
2001/42/EZ "Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš" (eng. Strategic
Environmental Assessment - SEA Direktiva), da odre eni javni programi
moraju pro i procjenu njihovog utjecaja na okoliš prije njihovog usvajanja.
U teoriji, SEA podrazumijeva integraciju ekoloških razmatranja u planiranju i
programiranju postupaka i odluka. To je zapravo "uzvodan" proces koji
omogu uje identificiranje optimalnih izbora u ranoj fazi planiranja, kada se
modifikacije još uvijek mogu razmatrati i integrirati. SEA se kao takva može
smatrati alatom za potporu pri odlu ivanju kako bi se pove ala globalna svijest
svih uklju enih strana.
Europska iskustva su osobito potvrdila da je doprinos strateških procjena
utjecaja na okoliš poboljšao ustroj i strukturu cijelog na ina planiranja. SEA
provedena u 2011-2012 za Valonski program pod nazivom "Seine-Scheldt
unutarnji vodeni putovi i veze u Valonskoj regiji" u Belgiji je dobra analiza
slu aja koju bismo željeli prikazati.
Ovaj program je dio europskog Seine-Scheldt projekta koji e ostvariti
transportni koridor velikog kapaciteta izme u pariške regije, uš a Seine,
sjeverne Francuske, Belgije i Nizozemske.
Klju ne rije i: Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, program, institucionalno
donošenje odluka
Espoo konvencija i lanac hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi
Nenad Mikuli 1, Vesna Kolar Planinši 2, Vesna Montan³
1
Eko Invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje Republike Slovenije, Dunajska 48,
Ljubljana, Slovenija (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si)
³Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode Republike Hrvatske, Ulica Republike
Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska
2
Sažetak
Republika Slovenija osim postoje ih hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi planira i
gradi tri, a Republika Hrvatska pet novih hidroelektrana. Republika Slovenija
kao zemlja porijekla i Republika Hrvatska kao pogo ena zemlja provele se u
okviru Espoo konvencije prekogran ine konzultacije za namjeravani zahvat HE
Krško te temeljem Protokola o Strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš Espoo
konvencije prekograni ne konzultacije za „Slovenian National Plans for
Hydropower Use in Brezice and Mokrice on Lower Sava“.
U okviru provedenih konzultacija ustanovljeni su mogu i zna ajni
prekograni ni utjecaji planiranih zahvata na teritoriju obiju država.
Problematika lanca hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi stavljena je i na dnevni red
„Ad hoc radne skupine za rješavanje otvorenih pitanja izme u Republike
Slovenije i Republike Hrvatske“.
Zaklju no je konstatirano da se izgradnja infrastrukturnih objekata na rijeci
Savi u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj, te ure enje vodnog režima, ne može promatrati
samo na osnovu odnosa dva objekta na grani nom profilu, ve je potrebno
razmatrati cijeli. U tu svrhu predloženo je vladama obiju država da osnuju
Stru ne radne skupina za izradu stru nih podloga o svim tehni kim pitanjima
vezanim za izgradnju, režim rada i ostale parametre, kako bi se uzimaju i u
obzir okolišne i energetske razloge, na svim izgra enim i novim HE na Savi
uspostavio koordinirani sustav upravljanja.
Klju ne rije i Espoo konvencija, zna ajan prekograni ni utjecaj, prekograni ne
konzultacije
Espoo Convention and Chain of Hydropower Plants on the
Sava River
Nenad Mikuli 1, Vesna Kolar Planinši 2, Vesna Montan3
1
Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia
Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana,
Slovenia (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si)
3
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia
2
Abstract
Apart from the existing hydroelectric power plants on the Sava River, the
construction of three new HPPs is planned in Slovenia, and five in Croatia.
Slovenia and Croatia, being the Party of Origin and the Affected Party
respectively, have closed transboundary consultations for the planned HPP
Krško in conformity with the Espoo Convention, and the Protocol on Strategic
Environmental Assessment of the Espoo Convention, as well as the
transboundary consultations for the „Slovenian National Plans for Hydropower
Use in Brežice and Mokrice on Lower Sava“.
Within the consultations, potential hazardous transboundary impacts were
determined on both the Croatian and Slovenian territory.
The problem of HPP chain on the Sava River was also put on the agenda of the
„AD hoc working group for solving open questions between the Republic of
Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia“.
The paper claims that the construction of infrastructural facilities on the Sava
River, and regulation of water regime cannot be analysed only on the basis of
two HPPs located at the border territory, rather that it requires the consideration
of the overall system. For that purpose, governments of both countries were
proposed to establish an Expert Work Groups for preparation of background
documents on all technical issues, so that once all the environmental and energy
aspects were taken into consideration, a coordinated management system may
be established at all existing and new hydropower plants on the Sava River.
Keywords: Espoo Convention,
Transboundary consultations
Significant
Transboundary
Impact,
Strategic Environmental Transboundary Assessment between
Slovenia and Croatia of Slovenian National Plans for
Hydropower Use in Brezice and Mokrice on Lower Sava
Vesna Kolar Planinši 1, Jure Likar1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Anita
Gulum3, Anamarija Matak3
1
Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana,
Slovenia (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si); 2Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50,
Zagreb, Croatia; 3Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike
Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
On the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment to the Convention on
Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo) and
SEA directive the transboundary procedure for the two National Spatial Plans
for hydropower plants: Brežice and Mokrice was finalised between Slovenia
and Croatia. The process was managed via points of contacts/focal points for
the purpose of the Espoo Convention.
The article presents the two processes as positive experiences in the region.
Firstly, the notification with information on the proposed plan and possible
transboundary effects, the nature of decision and indication of time for
response, has been send and response received in the proposed time. SEA
report has been presented for comments. Two environmental commissions have
been established and consulted on: state of environment, sediment, cumulative
effects, erosion, and underground water, possible alternatives, including nonaction alternative and possible measures to mitigate significant adverse
transboundary impact. In the process of Mokrice also the appropriate
assessment in line with Art. 6(3) of Habitat directive was prepared. Both parties
agreed on public hearing and presentation on both side of the borders in
adequate timeframe. At the end of the process the mitigation measures for
reducing the impact have been agreed and included into final decision.
The article shows the importance of the agreement on each stage in the
transboundary SEA process to fully implement the provisions.
Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, Espoo Convention,
Transboundary Impact, Transboundary consultations, Protocol on SEA
Impact of Mobile Telecommunication on Environment and
Health
Ivica Prli 1, Mladen Hajdinjak2, Jelena Macan1,Marija Suri
Mihi 1
1
Unit for Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiolgy, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, (iprlic@imi.hr)
2
Haj-Kom Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
In the year 2000 European Commission (EC) made a statement regarding the
use of precautionary Precautionary principle (Pp) and explicitly laid it down
into the EU treaty and is one of the starting points of its environmental policy.
Pp should be applied where there is a reasonable suspicion of the existence of a
health or environmental risk. Furthermore, the EC indicates that measures
based on the Pp should not be aimed at completely precluding any risk; it
assumes that such an effort is unrealistic. One of the measures based on the Pp
is hazard characterization of the site enabling the acceptable remediation
program to be laid down. The sites of interest are new technology
communication sites, masts and antenna systems used for mobile wireless data
communications placed into the environment which produce antropogenic
electromagnetic radiation (EM) exposure of the environment and biota. They
were placed into the urban and suburban areas due to the radiometric
calculations only. No Strategic environmental assessments (SEA) was ever
systematically done for this new technology and for such building
constructions. Several attempts to preserve the environment and urban areas
from devastation were worked out but the planned and reserved areas for mast
constructions are very often illegally occupied due to the urban planning
decisions at the lower local community levels. The new public perception
approach and discussion of new Croatian national telecommunication strategy
is needed.
Keywords: EM fields, Mobile telecommunications, SAR, SEA
Biorazgradivi otpad – glavni parametar u vrednovanju
sustava mehani ko-biološke obrade miješanog komunalnog
otpada
Niko Malbaša
Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr)
Sažetak
U Pristupnom sporazumu Republike Hrvatske Europskoj Uniji (Croatia
Accession Treaty), a kao posljedica odgovaraju ih EU direktiva o otpadu
pojavljuje se, izme u ostaloga, i zahtjev o postupnom smanjenju odlaganja
biorazgradivog otpada te bi se kona no 2020. godine odlaganje biorazgradivog
otpada trebalo svesti na maksimalno 35 posto od koli ine koja je proizvedena u
1997. godini.
U provo enju tog vrlo eksplicitnog kriterija postoji, me utim, niz potencijalnih
pitanja. Jedna od tema je sama definicija pojma „biorazgradivi otpad“ u emu
postoje razli ite interpretacije u pojedinim državama, a u Hrvatskoj još
nemamo preciznu definiciju. Drugo pitanje odnosi se na izra un biorazgradive
komponente u ostatnom otpadu koji odlazi na odlagalište otpada, a koji je
prethodno prošao obradu nekom tipu MBO postrojenja pa se po strukturi i
sastavu znatno razlikuje od referentnog otpada koji nije prošao nikakav oblik
obrade.
U lanku se daje pregled relevantne regulative i prakse, prijedlog definicije
biorazgradivog otpada, na ina procjene biorazgradive komponente u ostatnom
dijelu otpada koji odlazi na odlagalište otpada. Dat e se prikaz na konkretnom
primjeru jedne hrvatske županije uz pretpostavku obrade otpada na MBO
postrojenju te uz pretpostavku ispunjenja zahtjeva o primarnom odvajanju
otpada prema Okvirnoj direktivi o otpadu.
lanak e pomo i u sagledavanju problema povezanog s odlaganjem
biorazgradivog otpada u projektiranju sustava za gospodarenje otpadom te
tako er u izradi strateških procjena utjecaja na okoliš planova i programa
gospodarenja otpadom.
Klju ne rije i: biorazgradivi otpad, kriteriji odlaganja otpada, MBO postrojenja
Biodegradable waste – main parameter in evaluating the
mechanical-biological treatment of municipal waste
Niko Malbaša
Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr)
Abstract
Within the Croatia Accession Treaty, as a result of certain EU directives on
waste, there is a requirement, among other things, on gradual reduction of
biodegradable waste disposal which should be finally in 2020 reduced to the
maximum of 35 percent of quantity generated in 1997.
In carrying out this quite explicit criterion, there is a number of potential
questions. One of the subject is a definition of “biodegradable waste” itself, on
which there are various interpretations in individual countries, while in Croatia
there is still no precise definition. Another question is related to the calculation
of biodegradable component in residual waste disposed on the landfill, which
had been primarily treated in a certain type of MBT plant, thus significantly
differed by structure and composition from the reference waste which has not
been treated.
This paper indicates an overview of relevant regulations and practice, proposal
of defining the biodegradable waste, method of assessing the biodegradable
component in residual waste disposed on the landfill. The overview shall be
indicated on concrete example of one Croatian county under assumption of
waste treatment in MBT plant and under assumption of fulfilling the
requirement on primary waste separation pursuant to the Waste Framework
Directive.
The paper will help in analysis of problems related to the landfilling of
biodegradable municipal waste both in designing of waste management systems
and also in the preparation of strategic environmental assessment studies for the
programs and plans of waste management.
Keywords: biodegradable waste, waste disposal criteria, MBT plant
Industrial Byproducts and Reprocessed Waste Reuse
Strategies – existing NORM experiences
Ivica Prli 1, Tomislav Bituh1, Mladen Hajdinjak2, Marija Suri
Mihi 1
1
Unit for Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiolgy, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, (iprlic@imi.hr)
2
Haj-Kom Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Increasing industrialisation and population density have led to situations where
humans and the environment are exposed to a multitude of potential stressors.
Radiation exposure conditions entail a number of radionuclides which are
treated in impact and risk assessments in an additive way although considering
different weighing factors for different radiation types. Most if not all,
radiological exposure situations are essentially mixed contaminant exposure
situations with a mix of radionuclides, heavy metals, metalloids or organic
pollutants. Knowledge on the transfer of pollutants between different
environmental compartments, and on the impact of cumulative stressors,
including chemical mixtures is to be geathered to reduce uncertainty in current
risk assessment and screening methodologies, for example by improving the
scientific basis for setting safety factors which are to be a benchmark for
Strategic environmental assessments (SEA) and included into the national
strategy of industrial waste management system enabling it’s release into the
environment. The goal is to reuse the industrial byproducts rather than handle
them as waste forming new waste facilities. NORM (coal ash, phosphorgypsum
etc.) is a very delicate and important issue for our country and NORM waste
alternatives are to be obtained, evaluated and presented to the stakeholders.
Croatia has no recognized industrial byproduct reuse environmental national
strategy jet. SEA must suggest proper policies.
Keywords: reuse, NORM, environmental stressor, industrial waste, SEA
SEKCIJA 2 / SECTION 2
PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ /
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Zakon o zaštiti okoliša
Mario Obrdalj1, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1
1
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr, domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr)
Sažetak
Zakon o zaštiti okoliša krovni je dokument zaštite okoliša u Republici
Hrvatskoj. Unato tradiciji dobre prakse brige o vodama koje postoje od
sredine XIX stolje a, preko primjene tadašnjih visokih standarda zaštite okoliša
u Hrvatskoj koji još sežu u sedamdesete godine prošlog stolje a, pa preko
zakona iz 1994. i 2007. godine, prostora za unaprje enje odnosa prema okolišu
i poboljšanja regulative u tom podru ju uvijek ima dovoljno. Novi je Zakon o
zaštiti okoliša usvojen i na snazi od srpnja 2013. godine. Uskla en je sa
Zakonom o op em upravnom postupku, Direktivom 2010/75/EU o
industrijskim emisijama, Okvirnom direktivom 2008/56/EZ o morskoj
strategiji, a daje i okvir za izravno prenošenje Uredbi EU. Novi je Zakon je
utemeljen na okviru koji je dao prethodni Zakon iz 2007. godine u koji je
uneseno više zna ajnih izmjena kojima se omogu uje bolja briga za okoliš,
inkovitije vo enje postupaka koje provodi Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i
prirode, kao i ve a transparentnost tih postupaka. Novosti uklju uju
repozicioniranje/uvo enje okolišne dozvole, izmjene uvjeta i postroživanje
kriterija za obavljanje stru nih poslova zaštite okoliša, izmjene obuhvata
primjene provedbe strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš, izmjene i uskla ivanje
razli itih procedura vezanih uz procjenu utjecaja na okoliš te još niz drugih
zna ajnih novina.
Klju ne rije i: Zakon o zaštiti okoliša, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, strateška
procjena, okolišna dozvola, ovlaštenici
The Environmetal Protection Act
Mario Obrdalj1,Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1
1
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr, domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr)
Abstract
Environment Protection Act (EPA) is the most important horizontal legal
document that regulates the area of environment protection in the Republic of
Croatia. Despite the long tradition of good practice and specific care towards
waters that lasts since the 19th century, trough the implementation of high
standards in environment protection in 1970s, which was followed by two
environment protection acts from 1994 and 2007, there was always enough
space to improve our attitude towards the environment. The new EPA has been
adopted and in force since July 2013. The EPA is harmonized with the General
Administrative Procedure Act, the Directive 2010/75/EC on Industrial
Emissions, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC, and it
provides a framework for the direct transposition of certain EU regulations. The
new EPA is based on framework provided by the EPA from 2007. A number of
substantial changes have been introduced to provide a better care for the
environment, to ensure that the competent Ministry conducts the procedures in
a more efficient manner, and to improve the transparency of these procedures.
The newly introduced changes include repositioning/introduction of
environmental permit, changes of the scope of strategic environmental
assessment, changes of conditions and criteria for authorized consultancy
organizations that provide services in the field of environment protection,
changes and harmonization of different procedures related to EIA and a series
of other significant improvements.
Keywords: Environmental protection act, environment impact assessment,
strategic environmental assessment, environmental permit, authorized
consultancy organizations
Pregled statisti kih pokazatelja provedbe procjene utjecaja na
okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj temeljem Zakona o zaštiti
okoliša („Narodne novine“ br. 110/07)
Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1, Zrinka Valeti
1
1
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr, zrinka.valetic@mzoip.hr)
Sažetak
U procesu uskla ivanja hrvatskog zakonodavstva s pravnom ste evinom
Europske unije donesen je 2007. godine Zakon o zaštiti okoliša („Narodne
novine“, br. 110/07.) te niz podzakonskih akata kojima je ure en postupak
provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš, strateške procjene utjecaja plana i
programa na okoliš, utvr ivanje objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša te procjene
utjecaja na okoliš uklju uju i i s time povezane aktivnosti poput informiranja i
sudjelovanja javnosti te prava pristupa pravosu u. Navedeni paket propisa iz
2007. i 2008. godine temeljen na dobrim iskustvima provedbe Zakona o zaštiti
okoliša ("Narodne novine", br. 82/94. i 128/99.) u to je vrijeme unaprje en i
osuvremenjen elementima koji su bili zahtijevani u procesu pristupanja RH EU,
a koji su se temeljili na dobroj praksi država lanica Europske unije ure ivao je
provedbu postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš zadnjih pet godina. Pregled
statisti kih pokazatelja provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici
Hrvatskoj prema Zakonu o zaštiti okoliša („Narodne novine“, br. 110/07.)
uklju uje pokazatelje poput ukupnog broja predmeta, predmeta prema vrsti,
na inu rješavanja i ishodu postupaka, brojnosti pojedinih skupina zahvata,
pokazatelja vremenskog tijeka provedbe postupaka i druge.
Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, statisti ki pokazatelji
Overview of the statistical indicators related to
implementation of environment impact assessment in the
Republic of Croatia on the basis of the Environmental
Protection Act (OG Nr. 110/2007)
Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1, Zrinka Valeti
1
1
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr, zrinka.valetic@mzoip.hr)
Abstract
In the process of harmonization of the Croatian legislation with the acquis of
the European Union, a new Environmental Protection Act (EPA – official
gazette “Narodne novine” Nr. 110/07) has been adopted in 2007. Shortly after
that, a series of bylaws has been adopted to regulate the procedure for the
implementation of environment impact assessment (EIA), strategic
environmental assessment (SEA) and integrated environmental requirements
along with correlated procedures such as: access to information, public
participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters.
This regulatory package adopted in 2007 and 2008, based on the positive
experience in the implementation of the former EPA (official gazette “Narodne
novine” Nrs. 82/94 and 128/99), regulated EIA processes for the last five years.
The regulatory framework has been improved and modernized by elements
needed to comply with the standards required in the process of Croatian
accession to the EU, and which are based on the good practice of the Member
States. Pursuant to the EPA (official gazette “Narodne novine” Nr. 110/2007),
the overview of statistical indicators of EIA implementation in the Republic of
Croatia includes the following: the total number of conducted procedures, the
total number of procedures by type, manner of resolution and decision, the
number of different groups of projects subjected to EIA, the procedure
timespans and others.
Keywords: environment impact assessment, statistical indicators
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA):
meaning and framework
Nebojša Pokimica1, An elka Mihajlov2
1
Anahem
laboratory,
Mocartova
10,
Belgrade,
Serbia
(npokimica@yahoo.co.uk)
2
Faculty of Technical Sciences – University of Novi Sad / Environmental
Ambassadors for Sustainable Development, Novi Sad/Beograd, Serbia
(office@ambassadors-env.com)
Abstract
This paper is thinking exercise related to „resource overlaps“ between ESIA
(Environmental and Social Impact Assessment; or sometimes called SEIA) and EIA
(Environmental Impact Assessment). Rationale behind this research is to answer the
question: is it possible to use the same Study/Assessment to be prepared by/for Banks
during the process of validation of bankable projects (ESIA), and to be approved by
competent authorities in country (EIA)? Paper is contributing to EU accession ( latest
EC Progress Report SWD(2012) 333 final for Serbia noted that “ Although the
alignment with the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive is fully achieved, the
implementation needs to be improved…”).
ESIAs strong pillar of environmentally sensitive projects is social impact (sometimes
linked with resettlements) available for review by the (interested) public. The Banks
(like EBRD) usually perform ESIA as the condition in the process of considering to
provide finance/ loan.
In Serbia, it is not national procedure for ESIA; laws in Serbia do not recognize this
term. However, legally prescribed scope of EIA (Law on EIA, 2004) includes social
and climate change aspects to be addressed. This (the way how address social aspects)
could be link, if develop and use properly (not only formally), to use already prepared
ESIA Study prepared by/for Bank in national procedure for EIA approvement (at least
as the base Study to be just adapted to national legislation requests form). By this,
resources will be used more effecitevelly, and it will be one consultation process with
public (meaning that time for approvement will be more effective). Case study analysis
is justified this approach.
On the other hand, Banks should consider in more details national EIA legislation, in
particular related to prescribed scope of EIA.
Keywords: efficient use of resources , Environmental and Social Impact Assessment,
Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA scope, ESIA scope, approval procedure
Povijesni pregled i aktualni problemi procjene utjecaja na
okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj
Niko Malbaša1, Vladimir Jelavi
1
Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb,
vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr)
Hrvatska
1
(niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr,
Sažetak
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš i op enito Zaštita okoliša ima u Hrvatskoj dugu
tradiciju. Prvi sistematski dokument napravljen je još 1969., dakle ak prije
stupanja na snagu poznatog ameri kog zakona NEPA (1.1.1970.) koji u
svjetskim relacijama ozna ava prekretnicu prema sustavnom i organiziranom
bavljenju zaštitom okoliša.
U 70-tim godinama koje su karakteristi ne po izgradnji brojnih energetskih i
industrijskih objekata stvorena je kvalitetna podloga za institucionalizaciju
SUO u Zakonu o prostornom planiranju i ure enju prostora (1980.) i u
Pravilniku o izradi SUO (1984.).
U lanku e se prikazati taj povijesni razvoj problematike zaštite okoliša u
svijetu i u Hrvatskoj te položaj SUO i sli nih dokumenata u raznim razdobljima
sve do današnjih dana. Tema e se razmotriti ne samo kroz razvoj odgovaraju e
regulative nego i kroz razvoj i primjenu stru nih alata u obradi problematike.
Dat e se i povijesni pregled razvoja brige o pojedinim sastavnicama okoliša te
pregled ogromnih postignu a u zaštiti okoliša u posljednjih 40 godina.
Razmotrit e se i problemi povezani s procjenom utjecaja na okoliš koji su se
pojavljivali te osobito oni koji su danas aktualni. Obradit e se i veza izme u
pojedinih sastavnica okoliša te op e teme koje u zaštiti okoliša postaju izazov u
budu nosti.
Klju ne rije i: Studija o utjecaju na okoliš, Razvoj procjene utjecaja na okoliš
Historical overview and actual environmental impact
assessment issues in the Republic of Croatia
Niko Malbaša1, Vladimir Jelavi
1
Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb,
vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr)
Croatia
1
(niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr,
Abstract
The environmental impact assessment and Environmental Protection generally
has a long tradition in Croatia. The first system document was prepared in
1969, even before entering the well known American act NEPA into force (1
January 1970), which in world relations represents a turning point towards
systematic and organized engagement in environmental protection.
In the 70’s, which are characteristic for construction of numerous power and
industrial plants, a qualitative basis for institutionalization of EIAS was created
in the Physical Planning Act (1980) and in the Regulation on EIAS preparation
(1984).
The paper shall indicate this historical development of environmental
protection issue in the world and in Croatia, as well as the status of EIAS and
similar documents within various periods up to today. The subject will be taken
into consideration not just through development of certain regulations, but
through development and application of professional tools in processing of
such issue. A historical overview of developing the concern on individual
environmental aspects shall be given, as well as the overview of enormous
achievements in environmental protection within the last 40 years.
Issues related to the environmental impact assessment shall be taken into
consideration as well, particularly those actual today. A connection between
individual environmental aspects shall be processed, as well as general topics
becoming a challenge in environmental protection in the future.
Keywords: Environmental impact assessment study, environmental impact
assessment development
Screening u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – zakonodavstvo i
praksa u EU
Katarina Celi
Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje, Dunajska 22, Ljubljana, Slovenija
(katarina.celic@gov.si)
Sažetak
Screening je proces u kojem emo prona i i opravdati razloge za uvo enje
procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO). U državama lanicama EU obvezu da se
napravi screening pruža Direktiva 2011/92/EU. PUO obvezna je za sve
projekte navedene u Dodatku I i za projekte u Dodatku II, koji prelaze
propisane nacionalne pragove, te u slu ajevima kada se pri uporabi kriterija iz
Dodatka III procjenjuje da bi projekt mogao imati zna ajan utjecaj na okoliš.
Pristupi pojedinih zemalja razli iti su - za projekte uglavnom je propisan gornji
i / ili donji prag. Kada projekt uop e ne dosegne donji ili gornji prag, obveza
PUO odre uje se pomo u kriterija odabira. Neke su se zemlje zbog nepravilne
provedbe tih odredbi našle u prekršaju.
Slovenija je odlu ila da za uvo enje obveze PUO propisuje nacionalne
pragove, što u na elu Direktiva dopušta. Ipak, EK je upozorila na pogrešnu
transpoziciju Direktive pa zbog toga u Sloveniji mijenjamo zakon i uvodimo
screening "slu aj po slu aj".
Budu i da je dokazano da screening može biti u inkovito sredstvo za smanjenje
broja postupaka provedenih PUO, predloženim izmjenama Direktive (2012)
ova faza postupka još je zna ajno proširena.
Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš (PUO), screening, pragovi, kriteriji,
EU
Screening in Environmental Impact Assessment – Legislation
and Practice in EU
Katarina Celi
Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 22, Ljubljana, Slovenia
(katarina.celic@gov.si)
Abstract
Screening is a process in which we identify and justify the reasons for the
introduction of an environmental impact assessment (EIA). In the EU Member
States the obligation to perform screening is based on Directive 2011/92/EU.
EIA must be carried out for all projects types listed in Annex I and Annex II
projects that exceed the thresholds laid down by national law, and in cases
where the application of the criteria set out in Annex III estimates that the
project could have a significant impact on environment. The approach varies
from country to country. Upper and/or lower thresholds are being used,
combined with evaluation on a case by case basis. If a project reaches the
threshold, an obligation to perform the EIA is determined by applying the
selection criteria. Due to incorrect transposition and application of these
provisions infringement procedures are already taking place against some
countries, including Slovenia.
Slovenia has decided to set fixed national thresholds in order to establish an
obligation to perform the EIA, which in principle, the Directive enables.
Nevertheless, the European Commission pointed to the incorrect transposition
of the Directive, and Slovenia is modifying its legislation and establishing the
obligation of screening "case by case".
Since it has been shown that screening can also be an effective way to reduce
the number of EIA procedures, this phase of the procedure is significantly
upgraded in the proposal to amend the Directive (2012).
Keywords: environmental impact assessment (EIA, thresholds, criteria, EU
Pravni lijekovi podneseni protiv rješenja o procjeni utjecaja
na okoliš
Lovel Petrovi
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(lovel.petrovic@mzoip.hr)
Sažetak
Sudska praksa upravnih sudova Republike Hrvatske u podru ju procjene
utjecaja na okoliš i objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša manjkava je i
neuskla ena. Neke odluke dovode u pitanje poziciju postupka procjene utjecaja
na okoliš u hijerarhiji izdavanja odobrenja za zahvat, odnosno sustavu dozvola.
Posebni problem stvara tuma enje materijalnog prava (prostornih planova) koje
nije u nadležnosti voditelja postupka te se isti mora oslanjati na potvrdu koju
izdaje drugo tijelo, a koja se može osporavati samo u upravnom sporu protiv
samoga rješenja, što dovodi investitora u pravnu nesigurnost, a voditelja
postupka u položaj da ne kontrolira dio svoga upravnog postupka. Praksa
Europskog suda za ljudska prava jasno je definirala koje pogreške država u
vo enju formalnih postupaka vezanih uz zaštitu okoliša dovode do povrede
ljudskih prava.
Cilj rada je pružiti pregled razloga do sada podnesenih pravnih sredstava protiv
rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rad se bavi
problematikom do sada dovršenih upravnih sporova protiv rješenja o
prihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš, odnosno rješenja o objedinjenim uvjetima
zaštite okoliša te daje pregled novijih presuda Europskog suda za ljudska prava
koje se odnose na problematiku sporova protiv rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata
za okoliš.
ekivani rezultati rada su analiza dosadašnje sudske prakse u odnosu na
problematiku procjene utjecaja na okoliš, uo avanje uzorka u razlozima zbog
kojih su podnesena pravna sredstva, ujedna avanje postupanja u
prvostupanjskim predmetima kroz prihva anje pravne prakse upravnih sudova
te popunjavanje praznina u upravnim postupcima sudskom praksom upravnih
sudova.
Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, upravni sporovi, presude, Europski
sud za ljudska prava
Legal remedies against decisions on environmental impact
assessment
Lovel Petrovi
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia (lovel.petrovic@mzoip.hr)
Abstract
The case law of Croatian administrative courts in the field of environmental
impact assessment is deficient and not harmonized. Some court decisions put
the position of the environmental impact assessment procedure in question
regarding the hierarchy of development consents, in the permit system.
Interpretation of material law (physical plans) is a special problem, taking into
account it is not in the competence of the person conducting the EIA, but in the
competence of another body issuing the certificate on compliance with physical
plans, which can be contested only in an court dispute against the EIA decision,
which brings the investor into legal uncertainty and the EIA administration into
a position of not being able to control your administrative procedure. The case
law of the European Court of Human Rights has clearly defined which mistakes
a state can make in environmental procedures, which can eventually cause
breaches of human rights.
The aim of this presentation is to give an overview of legal remedies against
EIA decisions in Croatia. The presentation deals with until now completed EIA
and IPPC administrative disputes and gives an overview of recent case law of
the European Court of Human Rights related to EIA decisions.
Expected results are an analysis of current case law related to EIA procedures,
determining patterns regarding reasons for remedies, harmonisation of first
instance procedures by accepting case law of administrative courts, filling the
legal voids in administrative procedures by findings of case law.
Keywords: environmental impact assessment,
judgements, European Court of Human Rights
administrative
dispute,
Stalno povjerenstvo u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš
– prednosti i nedostaci
Anamarija Matak1, Anita Gulam1
1
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (anamarija.matak@mzoip.hr)
Sažetak
Postupak ocjene kvalitete dokumentacije u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš
jedan je od klju nih koraka u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš koji se provodi kako bi
se osiguralo da su informacije prikazane u dokumentaciji dostatne za donošenje
odgovaraju ih odluka. Direktivom 2011/92/EU o procjeni u inaka odre enih
javnih i privatnih projekata na okoliš državama lanicama dana je mogu nost
da samostalno utvrde na ine ocjene kvalitete dokumentacije.
Zakonom o zaštiti okoliša (Narodne novine broj 110/07) Republika Hrvatska
propisala je model ocjene kvalitete studija o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš koji
uklju uje sudjelovanje Savjetodavnog stru nog povjerenstva. Povjerenstvo u
postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš utvr uje cjelovitost i stru nu utemeljenost
studija o utjecaju na okoliš ime zapo inje proces ocjene kvalitete informacija.
lankom 77. Zakona o zaštiti okoliša nadležnom tijelu dana je mogu nost da se
za ve i broj istovrsnih zahvata imenuje stalno povjerenstvo za tu vrstu zahvata.
U ovom radu, analizom postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš u kojima su
sudjelovala stalna povjerenstva dan je prikaz prednosti i nedostataka rada
stalnih povjerenstva u procesima ocjene kvalitete studija o utjecaju na okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, studija o utjecaju na okoliš,
Savjetodavno stru no povjerenstvo
EIA Standing Committee – Advantages and Weaknesses
Anamarija Matak1, Anita Gulam1
1
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia (anamarija.matak@mzoip.hr)
Abstract
The review of the quality of EIA documentation is a key step in the
environmental impact assessment procedure. It is used to ensure that submitted
environmental information are sufficient for decision-making process.
According to the Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of
certain public and private projects on the environment, Member States are
entitled to develop different tools for a quality review of documentation.
Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette 110/07) (EPA) prescribes a
general tool for the quality review of an Environmental Impact Study (EIS)
based on participation of an Advisory expert committee. The main role of the
Committee is to evaluate the completeness and quality of the information
gathered in an EIS as the beginning of a quality review stage in the EIA
procedure.
According to the Article 77 of the EPA the competent body may appoint a
standing Committee when a larger number of projects of the same type are
planned.
In this paper, based on the analysis of the EIA procedures involving standing
Committee, the authors have presented advantages and weaknesses of using the
standing Committee as a tool for the quality review of Environmental Impact
Studies.
Keywords: Environmental impact assessment (EIA), Environmental Impact
Study (EIS), Advisory expert committee
Interakcija prostornih planova i studija utjecaja na okoliš
Goranka Radovi
Crodux
Energetika
d.o.o.,
(radovic.goranka@gmail.com)
Kaptol
19,
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš je novi instrument planiranja zahvata u
ranoj fazi odlu ivanja, dakle prilikom donošenja strateških dokumenata
prostornog ure enja.
Uredbom o procjeni utjecaja na okoliš propisano je da se postupak procjene
utjecaja na okoliš može provoditi za zahvate koji su planirani važe im
prostornim planovima. U praksi se pokazalo da nije mogu e za sve zahvate u
prostoru takvu odredbu tuma iti na na in da se postupak procjene može
provoditi tek kada su glede prostornih planova ispunjene sve pretpostavke za
izdavanje lokacijske dozvole. Odluka o tome što je prije procjena utjecaja na
okoliš ili provedbeni dokument prostornog ure enja za taj zahvat, ovisi o
mogu em utjecaju zahvata, o osjetljivosti lokacije, o detaljnosti i sadržaju
obveznog dokumenta prostornog ure enja.
Mjere zaštite okoliša kao rezultat postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš mogu
biti važne za donošenje prostorno-planerske odluke, mogu utjecati na
utvr ivanje mikrolokacije zahvata, a ponekad su važne tek kod izrade projekta
za lokacijsku/gra evinsku dozvolu.
Kod linearne infrastrukture se kroz postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš
posebice preispituju trase utvr ene prostornim planovima. U slu ajevima kada
se trasa planirana važe im prostornim planom ocijeni neprihvatljivom ili manje
prihvatljivom za okoliš u odnosu na studijom ponu ena varijantna rješenja,
rezultat procjene ugra uje se u prostorne planove kroz postupak njihovih
izmjena i dopuna.
Klju ne rije i: strateška procjena, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, strateški i
provedbeni dokumenti prostornog ure enja
Interaction of spatial plans and environmental impact studies
Goranka Radovi
Crodux
Energetika
d.o.o.,
(radovic.goranka@gmail.com)
Kaptol
19,
Zagreb,
Croatia
Abstract
Strategic environmental assessment is a new instrument for project planning at
an early stage of decision making, that is, when adopting strategic physical
planning documents.
The Regulation on environmental impact assessment stipulates that an
environmental impact assessment can be carried out for projects which are
planned pursuant to effective spatial plans. In practice it has turned out that not
for all projects in space it is possibile to construe this provision in such a
manner that, in terms of spatial plans, the assessment procedure can be carried
out only when all prerequisites for location permit issuance have been fulfilled.
The decision about which comes first, environmental impact assessment or the
physical planning implementing document for the respective project, depends
on the potential impact of the project, on the sensitivity of the location, on the
detailedness and content of the mandatory physical planning document.
Environmental protection measures as a result of the environmental impact
assessment can be relevant for passing spatial planning decisions, they can have
an impact on determining the micro-location of the project, and sometimes they
are relevant only during developing of the design for the location/building
permit.
In case of linear infrastructure, in the environmental impact assessment in
particular routes established by spatial plans are reviewed. In cases when a
route planned in a currently effective spatial plan is assessed as being
environmentally unacceptable or less acceptable in relation to the variant
solutions provided in the study, the outcome of the assessment is integrated into
spatial plans through the procedure of their amendment.
Keywords: strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact
assessment, strategic and implementation physical planning documents
O nepostojanju sukoba interesa u poslovima procjene utjecaja
na okoliš i projektiranja kao sastavnica projektnog ciklusa
Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Anja Herak1
1
Elektroprojekt d.d. , Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr)
2
Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (dhatic@oikon.hr)
Sažetak
Poslovi zaštite prirode i okoliša su uvjetovani legislativnim okvirom i svi su
uspostavljeni iz potrebe za zaštitom javnog interesa. Uspostavom obveze izrade
razli itih dokumenata (primjer Procjene utjecaja na okoliš) koji u stru nom i
proceduralnom smislu pokrivaju ova podru ja došlo je do svojevrsne nadopune
klasi nog ustrojstva unutar projektnog dokumentacijskog ciklusa. Ova
promjena izaziva razli ita tuma enja „tko“ smije raditi „koje“ odre ene poslove
kako ne bi došlo do sukoba interesa izme u izra iva a pojedine vrste
dokumenta i njegovog me uodnosa sa slijede im ili prethodnim dokumentom
unutar ciklusa. Razli ita tuma enja predstavljaju ograni enja u smislu pristupa
aktera tržištu. U radu e biti obrazloženo što sukob interesa uistinu jest i može
biti te kako i kada se on može primjeniti kao ograni enje. Tako er, bit e
napravljen pregled kroz zakonsku praksu po ovom pitanju u RH i šire. Namjera
ovog rada je pružiti pomo regulatorima i naru iteljima prilikom donošenja
odluka o primjenjivosti pojma sukob interesa u njihovoj praksi.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita prirode i okoliša, sukob interesa, dokumentacijski ciklus,
zakonska praksa
Absence of conflict of interest in EIA and design activities as a
component of the project cycle
Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Anja Herak1
1
Elektroprojekt JSC , Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia
(zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr)
2
Oikon Ltd – Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (dhatic@oikon.hr)
Abstract
Environment and nature protection requirements are defined by legislative
framework and all are imposed out of the need to protect public interest. By
establishing obligation to obtain various documents (e.g. EIA), which
technicaly and proceduraly cover these areas a certain addition to the classical
structure of the project documentation cycle was made. This change results in
different interpretation of "who" may do "which" document in order to avoid
"conflict of interest" between the developers of particular types of documents
and their interrelationship with the next or previous document in the cycle.
Different interpretations present limitations in terms of participant access to the
market. The paper will elaborate what "conflict of interest" really is and can be,
and how and when it can be applied as a restriction. Also, a review of the
legislative approach to this issue in Croatia and beyond will be made. The
intention of this paper is to provide assistance to regulators and customers when
making decisions on the applicability of the term "conflict of interest" in their
practice.
Keywords: environmental and nature protection, conflict of interest,
documentation cycle, legal Practice
Zaštita javnog interesa primjerenim korištenjem postupaka i
kriterija odabira ovlaštenika za izradu studija utjecaja na
okoliš
Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak3
1
Elektroprojekt d.d. , Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za
primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(dhatic@oikon.hr); 3Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode,Ulica Republike
Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (Domagoj.Stjepan.Krnjak@mzoip.hr)
Sažetak
Studije utjecaja na okoliš kao dokumenti od javnog interesa izra uju razli iti
ovlašteni gospodarski subjekti. Obveznici provedbe javne nabave vrše odabir
izme u raspoloživih subjekata na tržištu putem provedbe javne nabave. U
Republici Hrvatskoj naj eš i instrument javne nabave koji se primjenjuje jest
otvoreni postupak javne nabave uz primjenu kriterija najniže cijene i
eliminacijskih kriterija povezanih s poslovnom sposobnoš u. S obzirom na
karakter i složenost ovih poslova te njihovu izrazitu multidisciplinarnost ovaj
na in odabira ovlaštenog gospodarskog subjekta u praksi esto izaziva
probleme prilikom izrade ovih dokumenata i provedbe upravnog postupka.
Rješenje nadležnog Ministarstva kao kona an rezultat provedbe upravnog
postupka Procjene utjecaja na okoliš esto je uslijed lošeg odabira ovlaštenika
ili nepovoljno za Investitora ili nepovoljno u smislu zaštite javnog interesa, ili i
jedno i drugo. Pored toga se sam postupak izrade SUO i provedbe PUO
nepotrebno ini nerazumno dugim radi neadekvatne sposobnosti ovlaštenika da
se nosi s dobivenim zadatkom. Posljedi no, praksa je pokazala da je neophodno
sagledati stvarne kapacitete, znanje i iskustvo ovlaštenika prilikom njegovog
odabira putem provedbe javne nabave. To je mogu e jedino pirmjenom
instrumenta ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude, tj. vrednovanjem tehni kih
aspekata ponude (reference tvrtke, reference klju nih stru njaka, pristup i
metodologija rada) i financijske strane ponude. Ovu metodu uspješno
primjenjuju i razli ite financijske institucije poput Svjetske banke, Europske
investicijske banke, Europske banke za obnovu i razvoj, KFW-a i ostalih.
Tako er, ovu metodu redovno koriste zemlje EU koje taj instrument koriste u
80% provedenih javnih nabava za stru ne poslove.
Klju ne rije i: studija utjecaja na okoliš, javna nabava, ekonomski
najpovoljnija ponuda
The impact of inappropriate use of public procurement
instruments during selection of authorized personnel for
environmental impact studies on the quality of the process of
Environmental Impact Assessment
Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak3
1
Elektroprojekt JSC, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia
(zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Oikon Ltd – Institute of Applied
Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (dhatic@oikon.hr);
3
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Ulica Republike Austrije
14, Zagreb, Croatia (Domagoj.Stjepan.Krnjak@mzoip.hr)
Abstract
Environmental impact studies as documents of public interest are developed by
different authorized economic establishments. Public procurement
implementation obligators choose available establishments in the market
through the process of public procurement. The most common instrument of
public procurement in Croatia is open public procurement that applies
procedure by criteria of lowest prices and elimination criteria related to
business capacity. Given the nature and complexity of these tasks and their
distinct multidisciplinarity, this selection method of authorized economic
establishments in practice often causes problems when creating these
documents and during the implementation of administrative procedures. The
decision of the competent Ministry as a final result of the implementation of the
administrative proceedings on the EIA is often due to poor selection of
beneficiaries, unfavourable to the investor or unfavourable in terms of
protecting public interest, or both. In addition, the procedure of developing the
EIS and implementing EIA seems unreasonably long due to inadequate
capability of beneficiaries to cope with the resulting assignment. Consequently,
practice has shown that it is necessary to consider the actual capacity,
knowledge and experience in its selection of beneficiaries through the
implementation of public procurement. This is only possible by applying the
instrument of economically most favourable bid or, by applying review score of
technical and financial capacity of the bid. This method has been successfully
applied to various financial institutions such the World Bank, the European
Investment Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, KFW
and others. Also, this method is regularly used by EU countries that use this
instrument in 80% of carried out public procurement professional duties.
Keywords: environmental impact studies, public procurement, economically
most factorable bid
Proces izrade studije o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš
Zrinka Vladovi -Relja1, Dubravka Ba un2
1
Interkonzalting, Ulica grada Vukovara
(zrinka.vladovic@interkonzalting.hr)
2
Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Hrvatska
43a,
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Nositelj zahvata za zahvate propisane Uredbom o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na
okoliš, NN 64/08, 67/09 (dalje: UoPUO), mora provesti postupak procjene
utjecaja na okoliš, a rezultat je Studija o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš (dalje
Studija). Studija je preduvjet za isho enje rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata za
okoliš. Uredbom (UoPUO) su propisani zahvati za koje postoji obaveza
provedbe procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, kao i odgovaraju e aktivnosti.
Budu i da se radi o nizu me usobno povezanih aktivnosti koje djeluju jedna na
drugu, govorimo o procesu izrade Studije o utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (dalje:
Proces). U medijima se esto mogu uti izjave nositelja zahvata da je postupak
dugotrajan, kao i izjave politi ara da postupak treba skratiti. U propisima su
navedene neke obvezne aktivnosti tijekom Procesa izrade Studije, i propisano
je koliko one traju. Osim propisanih postoje i one nepropisane bez kojih je itav
postupak nemogu e provesti. Neki postupak se ne može skratiti ako nije
poznata ve ina potrebnih aktivnosti u procesu, niti koliko one traju. U ovom
radu se, na temelju prakti nog iskustva, navode glavne aktivnosti, a njihovo
trajanje je teško procijeniti jer ovisi od niza imbenika. Navode se problemi i
nesporazumi koji nastaju ako nema jasnih pisanih uputa/smjernica. U radu se
navode prijedlozi koji mogu poboljšati postoje i proces tako da bude
djelotvoran – da se planirane aktivnosti i planirani rezultati postižu uz najmanji
utrošak resursa, te u inkovit – da bude usmjeren na bitne aktivnosti.
Klju ne rije i:proces, studija, procjena, utjecaj, okoliš
The process of preparing the environmental impact
assessment study
Zrinka Vladovi -Relja1, Dubravka Ba un2
1
Interkonzalting, Ulica grada Vukovara
(zrinka.vladovic@interkonzalting.hr)
2
Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Croatia
43a,
Zagreb,
Croatia
Abstract
According to procedures regulated by EIA Directive, Investor has to carry out
the process of environmental impact assessment, and the result is the
Environmental impact assessment Study ( in further text: Study). The Study is a
prerequisite to issue a decision for a certain projects. Directive regulates some
processes and activities within procedure. Since it comprises the sequence of
interconnected activities and activities affecting one another, we refer to the
making process of the Study of environmental impact assessment. The theory
states that processes need to be planned and conducted under supervised
conditions. In media, we can often hear the Investor's statements and
complaints that the procedure is time-consuming, as well as politicians saying it
needs to be shortened. Directive does not prescribe the obligatory activities
during study making process, nor it prescribes how long are they to last. A
certain procedure cannot be shortened if the majority of activities within
procedure are unknown as well as their duration. In this work, certain activities
and their approximate duration cited, are based on practical experience.
Arguing the reasons why certain activity of some assessment lasts shorter, and
some longer. Indicating problems and misunderstandings which occur when no
clear written guidelines/instructions are given. In this work, suggestions are
proposed, that could improve the existing process to be efficient – planned
activities and planned results achieved with minimum consumption of
resources, and effective – focused on essential activities.
Keywords: process, study, assessment, impact, environment
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš - doprinos unapre enju stanja
okoliša ili administrativna prepreka
Viktor Simon
Vikos, Mihanovi eva 31, Sisak, Hrvatska (viktor.simoncic@gmail.com)
Sažetak
Znatan broj primjera iz svakodnevne prakse (Sr , Plomin, Ombla, Bioeteanol,
kogenaracija na otpadnu bio masu, odlagališta otpada, „Družbe-Adria“....)
ukazuju na niz nedore enosti u postupku, koje mogu voditi ak i do
zloupotreba. Iako ne jedini, i to je razlog zašto se investitori obeshrabruju i
zaobilaze Hrvatsku. Iako se procesu izrade procjene utjecaja na okoliš ne mogu
pore i mnoge pozitivne stvari, u ovom trenutku on je (proces izrade) prije
administrativna prepreka nego instrument koji bi trebao doprinijeti unapre enju
stanja. Posebnu pažnju u tom kontekstu zaslužuje i neodgovaraju a uloga ovog
procesa u izdavanju objedinjenih uvjeta, a i strateške procjene utjecaja zahvata.
Sli no stanje je i u nekim susjednim državama.
Na osnovi iskustava ste enih u nekoliko država regije (prostor bivše
Jugoslavije), kao i u radu za velike investitore (Svjetska Banka, Banka za
obnovu i razvoj, EU,...) ukazuje se na negativne primjere iz realne prakse i daje
prijedlog kako unaprijediti proces izrade. Imaju i u vidu složenost prostora, na
kojem skoro svaki zahvat može imati utjecaj na susjednu državu, predlaže se i
što je više mogu e unificiranje procesa u regiji.
Klju ne rije i: okoliš, procjena, stanje, unapre enje, utjecaj
Environmental Impact Assessment - contribution to the
improvement of the environment or administrative obstacles
Viktor Simon
Vikos, Mihanoviceva 31, Sisak, Croatia (viktor.simoncic@gmail.com)
Abstract
A considerable number of examples from daily practice (Srdj, Plomin, Ombla,
Bioeteanol, cogenaration to waste bio-mass, dumps sites, "CongregationAdria"....) indicates a number of ambiguities in the procedure, which may even
lead to abuses. Although not the only one, that's also the reason why investors
are discouraged and bypass Croatia. We can't deny many positive things to the
process of drafting an environmental impact assessment, but at the moment it is
considered more as an administrative obstacle than as an instrument which
should contribute to improving the situation. Special attention in this context
deserves inadequate role of this process in issuing integrated environmental,
and strategic impact assessment. Similar situation is in some neighboring
countries.
Experience that I gained in several countries of the region (the former
Yugoslavia), as well as working for large investors (World Bank, Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, the EU, ...) indicates the negative examples
from current practice and provides suggestions on how to improve the process
of drafting of the Assessment. Given the complexity of the space, where almost
every intervention can have an impact on the neighboring country, in work it's
also suggested unification of process in the region as possible.
Keywords: environmental, assessment, condition, improvement, impact
Informatiziranje procesa procjene utjecaja na okoliš
Marija Bajica1, Mario Obrdalj2, Zdravko Špiri
1
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (mbajica@oikon.hr )
2
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr )
Sažetak
Pravni okvir Europske unije zahtijeva da države lanice osiguraju zaštitu
okoliša od najranijih faza planiranja projekata i aktivnosti, uzimaju i u obzir
sve potrebne mjere zaštite okoliša i ublažavanje negativnih utjecaja. U tu svrhu,
procjene utjecaja na okoliš su potrebne u raznim situacijama, uklju uju i
reguliranje emisija industrijskih postrojenja, gospodarenje otpadom ili
sprje avanje i nadzor zaga enja. U kontekstu Programa podrške politikama
primjene informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija (ICT PSP - ICT Policy
Program) koji je dio Okvirnog programa Europske unije za konkurentnost i
inovacije, financiran je eEnviPer projekt – „Jedinstvena višenamjenska
platforma servisno orijentirane arhitekture (SOA-Service Oriented
Architecture) za procjenu utjecaja na okoliš kroz ra unalni oblak usluga i
aplikacija e-Vlade“ i pokrenut u pet europskih regija, u pokrajini Apuliji u
Italiji, na Kreti u Gr koj, pokrajini Nigde u Turskoj, op ini Indjija u Srbiji te u
Hrvatskoj.
eEnviPer platforma je temeljena na DOT softverskim razvojnim alatima koji se
temelje na tehnologiji otvorenog koda uklju uju i PHP sa smarty dodatkom za
stvaranje HTML predložaka, JavaScript sa Query i Ext JS dodatkom za
stvaranje interaktivnih web aplikacija, te MySQL sustav za upravljanje
relacijskim bazama podataka. U radu se pokazuju rezultati implemetacije i
testiranja platforme temeljene na nacionalnoj regulativi i primjerima zahvata s
pilot podru ja Krapinsko-zagorske županije.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita prirode i okoliša, procjena utjecaja zahvata na okoliš
(PUO), studije utjecaja na okoliš (SUO), informacijski sustavi u oblaku,
platforma za korištenje softvera kao servisa
Informatisation of environment impact assessment process
Marija Bajica1, Mario Obrdalj2, Zdravko Špiri
1
1
Oikon Lt.d Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (mbajica@oikon.hr )
2
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr )
Abstract
The legal framework of the EU requires Member States to ensure the protection
of the environment from the early planning stages of projects and activities,
taking into account all the necessary measures for environmental protection and
the mitigation of any negative impacts. For this purpose, environment impact
assessments are required in a variety of situations, including regulating
industrial emissions, waste management or pollution prevention and control. In
the context of the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP) that is part of the
Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme of the European
Union the eEnviPer project – „A single multi-purpose SOA platform that
delivers environmental permission services through the cloud of e-Government
services and application“ has been financed and initiated in five European
regions in Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Greece and Turkey.
eEnviPer platform is based on the software development DOTframework that
builds on open source technology, including PHP supplemented with smarty for
the creation of HTML templates, JavaScript supplemented with jQuery and Ext
JS to create interactive web applications and MySQL as relational database
system. The paper demonstrates the results of the implementation based on
national legislation and the cases from the pilot area in Krapisko-Zagorska
County.
Keywords: environment and nature protection, environment impact assessment
(EIA), Environment Impact Study (EIS), information systems in the cloud of
services, software as a service (SOA) platform
Postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš – uloga obrazovanja
Dinko Vujevi 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini
1
1
Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Geotehni ki fakultet, Zavod za inženjerstvo okoliša,
Varaždin, Hrvatska (dinko.vujevic@gfv.hr)
Sažetak
Zakon o zaštiti okoliša Republike Hrvatske definira i obvezuje postupak
procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO). Na in provo enja tog postupka i zahvati za
koje je obvezatan, propisani su Uredbom o procjeni utjecja zahvata na okoliš.
Za uspješno provo enje postupka PUO neophodno je da dionici odnosno osobe
uklju ene u taj proces imaju adekvatna znanja o na inu provo enja PUO
postupka. Istovremeno, u Republici Hrvatskoj postoji izvjestan broj
visokoobrazovnih ustanova koje u svojim studijskim programima izu avaju
problematiku povezanu sa zaštitom okoliša, inženejrstvom zaštite okoliša te
PUO postupkom.
Cilj ovog rada bio je provo enje istraživanja o poznavanju postupka procjene
utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati su dobiveni pomo u
upitnika koji je sadržavao pitanja iz tematike povezane s PUO postupkom.
Anketiranje je provedeno me u studentima i nastavnicima nekoliko
visokoobrazovnih ustanova u Republici Hrvatskoj koji u svojim studijskim
programima izu avaju problematiku zaštite okoliša, inženjerstva zaštite okoliša
te PUO postupka. Rezultati dobiveni upitnikom su pokazali da je edukacija vrlo
važan imbenik u stjecanju znanja potrebnih za provo enje PUO postupka.
Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, obrazovanje, anketa
Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure
Dinko Vujevi 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini
1
1
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, Department of
Environmental Engineering, Varaždin, Croatia (dinko.vujevic@gfv.hr)
Abstract
Environmental Protection Act of Republic of Croatia defines and prescribes
environmental impact assessment procedure (EIA). Application of this
procedure as well as types of projects for which is obligated has been
prescribed by Ordinance of Environmental Protection Assessment. For the
successful performance of EIA procedure it is necessary that stakeholders i.e.
persons involved in this procedure possess adequate knowledge about EIA
procedure. On the other hand, in Republic of Croatia, there is certain number of
higher education institutions which they have included within their study
programs environmental protection, environmental engineering as well as EIA
procedure issues.
The scope of this work was to conduct research about knowledge of EIA
procedure in Republic of Croatia. The results obtained on the basis of
questionary which contained questions of EIA issues. Target group of
questionary were students and lecturers of several institutions for higher
education in Republic of Croatia which they have in their study programmes
environmental protection, environmental engineering and EIA procedure
issues. The results have shown that education is essential factor in the process
of gaining of the knowledge necessary in EIA procedure.
Keywords: EIA, education, questionary
20 godina provedbe postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš na
podru ju Primorsko-goranske županije
Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi
Primorsko-goranska
županija,
(koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr)
Adami eva
10,
Rijeka,
Hrvatska,
Sažetak
S obzirom da je za zaštitu okoliša od najve e važnosti primjena na ela
preventivnosti, koje se u zna ajnoj mjeri ostvaruje upravo provedbom postupka
procjene utjecaja na okoliš, kao jednog od osnovnih instrumenata zaštite
okoliša, a da je to posebno važno na podru jima velike prirodne i krajobrazne
raznolikosti kakvo je podru je Primorsko-goranske županije, u radu se daje
pregled provedbe postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Primorskogoranske županije u proteklih 20 godina.
Razmatraju se pravne osnove i nadležnosti za provedbu toga postupka, koje su
se tijekom vremena mijenjale, te vrste zahvata za koje je postupak procjene
utjecaja na okoliš proveden. Analiziraju se glavni i naj eš i utjecaji na okoliš te
rezultati provedbe postupaka u smislu prihvatljivosti ili neprihvatljivosti
zahvata za okoliš, kao i ostvarenje zahvata nakon završenih postupaka
procjene. Razmatra se na in sudjelovanja i odaziv javnosti te ukazuje koji su
zahvati u promatranom razdoblju izazvali najve u pozornost i reakciju javnosti
te je li to utjecalo na kona ni rezultat postupka. Razmatra se za koje je zahvate i
u odnosu na koje elemente okoliša propisano pra enje stanja okoliša.
Na temelju rezultata monitoringa i analize stanja okoliša nakon ostvarenja
zahvata pokušava se zaklju iti je li i u kojoj mjeri provedba postupaka procjene
utjecaja na okoliš ispunila svoju svrhu ili je njezinim ostvarenjem ispunjen
samo jedan od formalnih uvjeta za realizaciju namjeravanog zahvata.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita okoliša, instrumenti zaštite okoliša, procjena utjecaja na
okoliš, Primorsko-goranska županija
20 years of applying the procedure of the environmental
impact assessment in Primorsko-goranska County
Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi
County of Primorje-Gorski kotar,
(koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr)
Adami eva
10,
Rijeka,
Croatia,
Abstract
In light of the fact that the application of the principle of prevention is of
paramount importance for environmental protection, and this principle is to a
significant extent realised through the implementation of environmental impact
assessment as one of the principle instruments of environmental protection, and
with regard to the fact that this is of special significance in areas of high natural
and landscape diversity such as the County of Primorje-Gorski kotar, this paper
provides an overview of the implementation procedures of environmental
impact assessments in the County of Primorje-Gorski kotar over the past 20
years.
The paper discusses the legal basis and competences, which have changed over
time, for the implementation of these procedures, and the types of intervention
for which environmental impact assessment procedures were implemented. It
analyses the main and most common environmental impacts, as well as the
results of the implementation of procedures in terms of the environmental
acceptability or unacceptability of the interventions. It also analyses project
realisation after completion of assessment procedures. It discusses the ways in
which the public participated and the public response, and indicates which
interventions drew most attention and caused most public reaction, and whether
this affected final outcomes. The paper also discusses which types of
intervention require environmental monitoring and in relation to which
elements of the environment.
On the basis of the results of environmental monitoring, and analyses of
environmental situations after interventions, the paper tries to determine
whether and to what extent the implementation of environmental impact
assessment procedures has served its purpose, or whether it was implemented
only to fulfil one of the formal conditions for the realisation of the intended
project.
Keywords: environmental protection, instruments of environmental protection,
environmental impact assessment, County of Primorje-Gorski kotar
Ekonomska analiza u sklopu procjene utjecaja na okoliš –
komparacija metodologija izrade u Hrvatskoj i EU
Ines Rožani
Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ines.rozanic@dvokutecro.hr)
Sažetak
Metodologija izrade ekonomske analize u sklopu procjena utjecaja na okoliš,
preporu ena Smjernicama za „Cost-benefit analizu“ od strane Ministarstva
zaštite okoliša i prirode Republike Hrvatske, u bitnim se odrednicama razlikuje
od onih smjernica predloženih u sklopu Vodi a Europske Unije. Takve analize
u hrvatskoj praksi u izra un ekonomskih koristi uklju uju neke kategorije
poreznih davanja ili transfernih pla anja koja nemaju nikakav ekonomski
inak, ve samo financijski, što je u suprotnosti s EU metodologijom. Tako se
u suprotnosti s EU Vodi em u obra un ekonomskih koristi/šteta uklju uju
transferna pla anja poput: PDV-a na osnovna sredstva, pla eni neto PDV u
obra unskoj godini, zakonske obveze koje proizlaze iz rješavanja imovinsko
pravnih odnosa, donacije raznih fondova, devizni efekti, inflacija, te
zanemaruju bruto vrijednosti troškova rada, koje bi trebale biti ispravljene
„cijenama u sjenci“ ili konverzijskim faktorima. Iznimke u smislu indirektnih
poreza mogu biti razne naknade koje se zapravo tretiraju kao procijenjeni
troškovi mjera pra enja i zaštite okoliša, a koje u osnovi imaju zada u održati
razinu negativnih utjecaja zahvata na okoliš u zakonski prihvatljivim
granicama. injenicom da se takve naknade upla uju u hrvatski državni
prora un esto bez transparentne namjene i efikasnog kompenzacijskog efekta
proporcionalnog procijenjenoj šteti, trebalo bi detaljnije razmotriti opravdanost
njihovog uklju enja u kalkulaciju ekonomskih koristi prema EU metodologiji.
Klju ne rije i: cost-benefit analiza, ekonomska korist, ekonomski trošak, cijene
u sjenci, konverzijski faktori
Economic Analysis as Part of the Environmental Impact
Assessment - Comparison of Methodologies used in Croatia
and the EU
Ines Rožani
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (ines.rozanic@dvokutecro.hr)
Abstract
Economic Analysis methodology as a part of Environmental Impact
Assessment, as recommended by the Guidelines for "Cost-benefit analysis" of
the Croatian Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection, is in important
aspects different from those proposed under the EU Guidelines. In the
calculation of economic benefits, such analysis in Croatian case does include
some items like taxes or transfer payments that, contrary to EU methodology,
have no economic effect, except the financial one. Thus, in contrast with the
EU Guidelines, calculations of economic benefits/costs regularly include
transfer payments like VAT on capital assets, net VAT paid in the accounting
year, legal obligations arising from the settlement of property rights, donations
of various funds, foreign exchange effects, inflation, often neglecting gross
labour costs, that are usually not transferred to "shadow prices" or corrected by
conversion factors. Exceptions in terms of indirect taxes are various fees that
are actually treated as an estimated cost of surveillance and protection of the
environment, which basically ensure that the level of negative impact on the
environment is maintained in legally acceptable limits. Given the fact that such
fees are paid to the Croatian state budget (often lacking transparent
redistribution or direct compensatory effect that is proportional to estimated
damage) and following the EU approach, one should consider the reasoning
behind inclusion of such charges as economic benefits.
Keywords: cost-benefit analysis, economic costs, economic benefits, shadow
prices, conversion factors
Procjena utjecaja na zdravlje u analizi koristi i troškova
Brigita Masnjak1, Vladimir Jelavi
1
1
EKONERG d.o.o., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr, vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr)
Sažetak
Analiza troška i koristi je važan dio procesa procjene utjecaja na okoliš i to na
razini pojedina nog projekta i neophodna podrška odlu ivanju u postupku
procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš. Za razliku od analiti kih metoda kojima se
prosu uje individualna efikasnost samog projekta, ova analiza razmatra ukupne
društvene efekte projekta. Jedan od efekata je i procjena utjecaja na zdravlje.
U podru ju energetike naj eš e se koristi metoda troškova štete ili metoda
procjene slijeda utjecaja. Analiza troška usmjerena je na glavnu kategoriju
eksternih troškova, a ona se odnosi na eksterne troškove zbog one iš enja
zraka, te se nastoji izraziti slijedom utjecaja od izvora emisije one iš enja
preko promjene kvalitete zraka do fizi kog utjecaja, te na kraju izra una
nov anih vrijednosti troškova. Druga, jednostavnija metoda je metoda troškova
kontrole kojom se eksterni troškovi ra unaju na temelju ulaganja u mjere zaštite
okoliša.
One iš uju e tvari u zraku utje u na pove anje stope smrtnosti posebice uslijed
dugoro nog izlaganja one iš enjima kao tzv. kroni ni efekt ali i uslijed
kratkoro nog djelovanja, kao pove anje tzv. ''dnevne'' smrtnosti, kojom su
najviše pogo ene osobe koje boluju od neke vrste respiratornih i/ili
kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Utjecaj na zdravlje se osim kroz iskazivanje
pove anja stope smrtnosti, iskazuje i kroz niz drugih tzv. ''endpoint'' funkcija
kao što su: novi slu ajevi bronhitisa, prijem u bolnicu zbog respiratornih
smetnji, kardiovaskularnih poreme aja, broj dana s restrikcijom aktivnosti, itd.
Kvantificiranje utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje uslijed one iš enja zraka je u
posljednjim godinama od sve ve e važnosti ne samo kod analize troškova i
koristi pojedina nih projekata ve i unutar strateških odluka i politike zaštite
okoliša.
Klju ne rije i: utjecaj na zdravlje, analiza koristi i troškova, eksterni trošak
Health impact assessment in cost – benefit analysis
Brigita Masnjak1, Vladimir Jelavi
1
1
EKONERG Ltd., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr,
vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr)
Abstract
Cost-benefit analysis is an important part of the process of environmental
impact assessment at the level of individual projects and provides necessary
support to decision-making in the process of assessing the environmental
impact. Unlike the analytical methods to judge the effectiveness of individual
projects, this analysis examines the overall social effects of the project. One of
the effects is also health impact assessment.
In the field of energy, commonly used is ‘’damage cost’’ or ‘’impact pathway’’
approach. Cost analysis is focused on the main category of external costs, it
refers to the external costs due to air pollution, and is using impact pathway
approach starting with the specification of pollution sources, then calculating
changing air quality due to emission and dispersion, calculating impacts to the
physical units, and assessing damages in monetary values. Another, simpler
method is a method of ‘’cost control’’ by which external costs are calculated on
the basis of investment in environmental protection measures.
Air pollutants increase mortality rates notably due to long-term exposure to
pollution as so-called ‘’chronic effects’’ but also due to short-term effects
increasing '' daily'' mortality, which affect people who suffer from some kind of
respiratory and / or cardiovascular disease. Impact on health, in addition to the
increased mortality rates, is also expressed through a number of other so-called
''endpoint'' functions such as: new cases of bronchitis, admission to hospital for
respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, the number of days with activity
restriction, etc.
In recent years, quantifying the impact on human health due to air pollution, is
of increasing importance not only for cost-benefit analysis of individual
projects, but also within the strategic decisions and environmental policy.
Keywords: impact on health, cost - benefit analysis, external cost
Analiza utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi u okviru studija o utjecaju
na okoliš
Elvira Horvati Viduka
EKONERG d.o.o, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (elvira.horvatic@ekonerg.hr)
Sažetak
Tijekom javnih rasprava u okviru postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš naj eš e
u fokusu javnosti jest utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje. Pažnja javnosti esto je
usmjerena na utjecaj na zdravlje kao posljedicu utjecaja na zraka, pri emu se
uglavnom iskazuje zabrinutost zbog pojave tvari neugodnih mirisa ili pak
kancerogenih i toksi nih tvari u zraku.
Naglasak u ovom radu stavljen je na procjenu utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi zbog
one iš enja zraka. U radu su prikazane zakonske obveze i metodološke
smjernice u pogledu analiza utjecaja na zdravlje u okviru studija utjecaja na
okoliš u zemljama EU i SAD-a. Istaknute su razlike izme u „procjene utjecaja
na zdravlje“ (engl. „Health Impact Assessment“) i „procjene rizika po zdravlje“
(engl. „Health Risk Assessment“), te kako se ova dva tipa analiza mogu
koristiti u studijama o utjecaju na okoliš.
Zaštita zraka ujedno predstavlja i zaštitu zdravlja jer treba imati na umu kako je
ve ina standarda kvalitete zraka vezana za zaštitu zdravlja ljudi, a vrijednosti su
im odre ene temeljem rezultata brojnih studija procjene utjecaja na zdravlje.
Postavlja se prakti no pitanje za sve sudionike u procesu procjene utjecaja na
okoliš: da li je dovoljno dokazati da projekt ne e narušiti zadane standarde
kvalitete zraka ili pak utjecaj na zdravlje treba posebno analizirati.
Klju ne rije i: studija o utjecaju na okoliš, procjena utjecaja na zdravlje,
procjena rizika po zdravlje
Assessing impact on human health in the environmental
impact assessment studies
Elvira Horvati Viduka
EKONERG Ltd., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (elvira.horvatic@ekonerg.hr)
Abstract
During public hearing, which is a part of the environmental impact assessment
(EIA) process, people usually expresses their concerns about potential impact
of the project on human health. Public attention is often focused on the impact
on human health as a result of the impact on air quality, with most concern
expressing about the odors or carcinogenic and toxic air pollutants.
The emphasis in this paper is to assess the impact on human health due to air
pollution. Legal obligations and methodological guidance concerning the
analysis of the impact on human health in the environmental impact assessment
study in the EU and USA are given. The differences between a health impact
assessment and health risk assessment are described and examples of how those
two types of analyzes can be used in EIA studies are given.
Protecting air quality also means protecting human health because we need to
keep in mind that most of the air quality standards are related to the protection
of human health, and their values are set based on the results of numerous
health impact assessment studies.
This raises the practical question for all participants in the process of
environmental impact assessment: is it enough to prove that the project would
not violate the air quality standards or impact on human health should be
analyzed separately in EIA studies.
Keywords: environmental impact assessment study, health impacts assessment,
health risks assessment
Analiza rizika velike nesre e
Brigita Masnjak
EKONERG d.o.o., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr)
Sažetak
U analizi rizika po ljudsko zdravlje unutar studije utjecaja na okoliš, za zahvate
koje sadrže ve e koli ine opasnih tvari, procjenjuju se posljedice za ljude i
okoliš glede mogu ih u inaka velike nesre e. Izra unava se i veli ina podru ja
inka i to obvezno prema scenariju ''najgori mogu i slu aj''.
Za kriti ne dijelove kemijskog postrojenja koja sadrže zapaljive i eksplozivne
tvari, za izra un dosega utjecaja velike nesre e na okoliš i ljude koristi se
metodologija procjene - BLEVE i POOL FIRE scenarij, odre uju se
vjerojatnosti i posljedice kriti nih doga aja te matrica rizika. Zbog djelovanja
po etne nesre e u postrojenju može do i i do domino efekta i time prouzro iti
drugu nesre u na susjednom postrojenju te pogoršati posljedice po etne
nesre e.
Za takve zahvate, a unutar studije utjecaja na okoliš, potrebno propisati mjere
za spre avanje mogu ih nesre a i mjere za smanjenje posljedica po okoliš u
slu aju nastanka nesre e. Detaljnija analiza se provodi unutar Izvješ a o
sigurnosti temeljem Uredbe o sprje avanju velikih nesre a koje uklju uju
opasne tvari (NN114/08) i grani nih koli ina opasnih tvari.
Klju ne rije i: rizik, velika nesre a, kriti ni doga aj, matrica rizika
Risk analysis of major accidents
Brigita Masnjak
EKONERG Ltd., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr)
Abstract
In a risk analysis to human health within the environmental impact study, for
projects that contain large amounts of hazardous substances, the consequences
for people and the environment with regard to the possible effects of a major
accident is evaluated. The size of the impact area is calculated, mandatory
under ''worst case scenario''.
For critical parts of the chemical plants that contain flammable or explosive
substances, the methodology – BLEVE and POOL FIRE scenario is used to
calculate the impact range of a major accident on the environment and people;
the probability, consequences of critical events and the risk matrix is
determined. The initial accident at the plant can lead to a domino effect causing
another accident at a neighboring facility and worsen the consequences of the
initial accident.
Within the environmental impact study, for such operations, it is necessary to
prescribe measures to prevent possible accidents, and measures to reduce
impacts on the environment in the case of an accident. A detailed analysis is
carried out within the Safety Report under the Regulation on the prevention of
major accidents involving dangerous substances (NN 114/08) and limited
amount of hazardous substances.
Keywords: risk, major accident, critical event, risk matrix
Primjena modernih geološko-geofizi kih istraživanja pri
izradi stru ne osnove u studijama utjecaja na okoliš
Glišo Raškovi 1, Željka Ostrež1
1
GEOS d.o.o., Istarska 56, Rovinj, Hrvatska (geos@pu.t-com.hr)
Sažetak
Cilj geoloških i geofizi kih istraživanja u oblastima graditeljstva,
hidrogeološkim istraživanjima, EKO projektima, istraživanja mineralnih
sirovina i drugim vrstama istraživanja je utvr ivanje što to nije geološke gra e
podzemlja, njegovog strukturnog sklopa i posebnih karakteristika ovisno o cilju
istraživanja.
Da bi interpretacija prikupljenih podataka što više odgovarala stvarnom stanju
u podzemlju istraživani lokalitet potrebno je prekriti sa što guš om mrežom
egzaktnih podataka. Kombinacija klasi nih (u pravilu skupljih) i modernih
geološko-geofizi kih (u pravilu jeftinijih) metoda istraživanja garantira
najkvalitetnije rezultate i u izvedbi zahvata postizanje najboljih finacijskih
inaka.
Ovaj pristup posebno je preporu ljiv kod istraživanja u "EKO" projektima i
projektima namijenjenim gradnji gra evina i postrojenja za korištenje
obnovljivih izvora energije, izrade kvalitetnih stru nih osnova Studija utjecaja
na okoliš u navedenim oblastima, gdje je od posebne važnosti planarno
pokrivanje prostora istraživanja. Posljedice neto no interpoliranih geoloških
odnosa u podzemlju (koje su posljedica korištenja samo to kastih ili linijskih
podataka istraživanja) obi no su vrlo skupe i gotovo nepopravljive, a troškovi
sanacija vrlo veliki dok su u nekim slu ajevima potrebni zahvati neizvedivi.
Klju ne rije i: istraživanja, geološka, geofizika, okoliš, studije
Application of modern geological-geophysical exploration in
making expert base for Study about impact on environment
Glišo Raškovi 1, Željka Ostrež1
1
GEOS Ltd., Istarska 56, Rovinj, Croatia (geos@pu.t-com.hr)
Abstract
The goal of geological and geophysical exploration in the area of civil
engineering, hydrogeological exploration, eco-projects, mineral raw-material
exploration and other types of exploration is to determine (as precise as
possible) geological composition of underground, its structural assembly, and
special characteristic depending on the goal of exploration.
Explored locality must be covered with dense net of exact data in order to make
interpretation of gathered data as close as possible to the actual situation in
underground. Combination of classical (usually more expensive) and modern
geological-geophysical (usually cheaper) methods of exploration guarantees
most quality results and achievement of the best financial effects in execution
of exploration.
This approach is especially recommended in exploration for "eco" projects and
projects intended for construction of buildings and facilities for use of
renewable sources of energy, making of quality expert basis for Study about
impact on environment in above mentioned areas, where planar covering of
exploration area is of the most importance. Consequences of inaccurately
interpolated geological relations in underground (if they are consequence of
using only point or line data of exploration) are usually very expensive and
almost irreparable, costs of remediation are very high and (in some cases)
necessary operations are impossible to execute.
Keywords: exploration, geological, geophysics, environment, studies
Usporedba studija o utjecaju na okoliš za uzgajališta tuna s
obzirom na programe pra enja
Anita Gulam¹, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli²
1
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(anita.gulam@mzoip.hr)
2
Prirodoslovno-matemati ki fakultet, Biološki Odsjek, Rooseveltov trg 6,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Marikultura kao dio akvakulture koja se odvija u morskom okolišu u Hrvatskoj
ima dugu tradiciju. S uzgojem tune u Hrvatskoj zapo elo se koncem
devedesetih godina 20. stolje a. Procjenom utjecaja na okoliš, kao
instrumentom zaštite okoliša, utvr uju se, opisuju i ocjenjuju utjecaji
namjeravanog zahvata na okoliš, temeljem Zakona o zaštiti okoliša (NN, broj
110/07) i Uredbe o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (NN, broj 64/08, 67/09).
U postupku procjene utvr uju se mogu i utjecaji planiranog zahvata, te se
propisuju odgovaraju e mjere zaštite okoliša i program pra enja stanja okoliša.
Da bi se procijenio utjecaj uzgajališta tune potrebno je detaljno utvrditi i opisati
okoliš odnosno postoje e stanje potencijalne lokacije i podru je utjecaja
zahvata. U ovom radu uspore eno je šest studija o utjecaju na okoliš za
uzgajališta tuna te je utvr eno kako su isti ili razli iti modeli procijenili utjecaj.
Tako er, analizirano je kako su razli iti programi pra enja dokumentirali
pojedine parametre utjecaja za dva uzgajališta tuna.
Na temelju provedene analize a) studija o utjecaju na okoliš, b) dva provedena
programa pra enja, te c) studija o utjecaju na okoliš s odgovaraju im
provedenim programima pra enja predložena je optimizacija programa
pra enja okoliša za uzgajališta tuna.
Klju ne rije i: uzgajališta tuna, studija o utjecaju na okoliš, procjena utjecaja
na okoliš, program pra enja stanja okoliša, parametri utjecaja
The comparison of studies on the environmental impact of
tuna breeding sites with respect to monitoring programs
Anita Gulam¹, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli²
1
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14,
Zagreb, Croatia (anita.gulam@mzoip.hr)
2
Faculty of Science, Division of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Mariculture, as a part of aquaculture that is taking place in the marine
environment in Croatia, has a long tradition. Tuna breeding in Croatia has
begun at the end of the nineteen nineties. The Environmental Impact
Assessment, being an environmental protection tool, is used for identifying,
describing and evaluating a planned intervention’s environmental impact,
pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act (OG 110/07) and the Regulation
on Environmental Impact Assessment (OG 64/08, 67/09). The assessment
process includes the identification of possible impacts of planned interventions,
as well as the prescription of specific environmental protection measures and of
an environmental monitoring program. In order to assess the impact of tuna
breeding sites it is necessary to identify and describe in detail the environment
or the existing condition of a potential location and the area of the
intervention’s impact. In this paper, six studies on the environmental impact of
tuna breeding sites have been compared and it has been affirmed that the same
or different models had assessed the impact. It has also been analyzed how
different monitoring programs had documented certain impact parameters for
two tuna breeding sites.
Based on the conducted a) environmental impact study, b) two monitoring
programs and c) environmental impact study with corresponding monitoring
programs, the optimization of the environmental monitoring program for tuna
breeding sites has been suggested.
Keywords: tuna breeding sites, environmental impact study, environmental
impact assessment, environmental monitoring program, impact parameters
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš objekata linijske infrastrukture:
Instrument postizanja suglasja razvojnih planova i zaštite
okoliša ili ko nica napretka?
Vanja Satinovi 1, Daniela Klai Jan ijev1, Željko Koren1
1
Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Za kvalitetna projektna rješenja, posebno kada se radi o projektima linijske
infrastrukture, bitna je suradnja projektanata i izra iva a SUO, od samog
po etka projektiranja, što u donedavnoj praksi nije bio slu aj. To može zna iti i
ve i broj izmjena same trase, ak i izvan podru ja odre enog prostornim
planom. Neuskla enost projekata sa županijskim prostornim planovima
rezultira nemogu noš u pokretanja postupka izdavanja lokacijske dozvole.
Tako er, rezultati metoda analize varijantnih rješenja iz razloga nedovoljno
poznatih metoda usporedbi, nailaze na neprihva anje me u sudionicima
postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Novija praksa pokazuje da su zahtjevi
nadležnih tijela sve detaljniji, kao npr. detaljniji podaci tehni ke naravi o
projektu i podaci ije je prikupljanje esto vezano uz dugotrajna i skupa
terenska istraživanja. Nedostatak strateške dokumentacije, posebno strateških
procjena županijskih prostornih planova, predstavlja zna ajan problem prilikom
definiranja prioritetnih projekata u prostoru te pristupima procjenama
kumulativnih utjecaja. Iskustva tijekom izrade projektnih rješenja i SUO na
objektima linijske infrastrukture, pokazuju da je realizacija novih projekata
linijske infrastrukture povezana sa zna ajnim problemima koji u kona nici
rezultiraju bitnim produljenjem rokova realizacije ovih aktivnosti od
ekivanih, a samim tim i vjerojatnim odgodama realizacije ovih zahvata u
odnosu na prvobitno zacrtane planove.
Klju ne rije i: linijska infrastruktura, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, prostorni
plan, analiza varijantnih rješenja
Environmental Impact Assessments for Linear
Infrastructural Objects: Instrument to Achieve
Harmonization between Developmental Plans and
Environment or to Stop Progress?
Vanja Satinovi 1, Daniela Klai Jan ijev1, Željko Koren1
1
Oikon Ltd. – Institute for Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia
Abstract
To achieve design solutions of high quality, especially in projects of linear
infrastructural projects, the cooperation between designers and EIS developers
from the earliest start of design activities is important, although it was not
common recently. That could cause more alternative solutions of the same
route, even out of the area specified by physical plans. Projects that do not
comply with county physical plans result in failure to start the procedure for
obtaining the location permit. Also, results of analyses of alternative solutions
due to not widely known methods of comparison of alternative solutions, are
often not very well accepted by EIA participants. Also, the new practice shows
that requirements from competent authorities are more and more demanding,
precisely more detailed technical data and descriptions as well as data whose
collecting is not possible without long-term and expensive field researches.
Lack of strategic documentations, especially strategic assessments of county
physical plans, often represents a problem during defining the priority projects
and during assessments of cumulative effects. Experiences from project
solutions and EISs for objects of linear infrastructure show that the realization
of new infrastructure projects is strongly connected with important issues
which could finally result in significant extension of realization deadlines, from
originally expected.
Keywords: linear infrastructure, environmental impact assessment, physical
plan, analyses of alternative solutions
Postupak procene uticaja na životnu sredinu u projektima
autoputeva na “Koridoru X”
Igor Radovi 1, Dušan Mijuk2
1
Koridori Srbije, Kralja Petra 21, Beograd, Srbija
(i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs, d.mijuk@koridorisrbije.rs)
Sažetak
Postupak procene uticaja na životnu sredinu sproveden je za sve projekte
autoputnih deonica na “Koridoru X” koje se upravo grade u Republici Srbiji.
EIA procedura je definisana Zakonom o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu
(Sl.Gl.RS. 135/04, 36/09), kao i nizom podzakonskih akata. Celokupna
regulativa iz oblasti zaštite životne sredine u potpunosti je usaglašena sa
evropskom EIA Direktivom (85/337/EEC, 97/11/EC,
2003/35/EC i
2009/31/EC).
Postupak je sproveden pred nadležnim organom – Ministarstvom energetike,
razvoja i zaštite životne sredine. Za svaku od deset autoputnih deonica izra en
je centralni dokument – Studija o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu.
Obezbe eno je i u eš e zainteresovane javnosti u svim fazama izrade i
odobrenja Studije. Kao obavezni deo procedure pribavljeni su uslovi, mišljenja
i saglasnosti institucija nadležnih za poslove zaštite prirode, zaštite spomenika
kulture, i vodoprivrede. Mere zaštite životne sredine i odgovaraju i monitoring
programi su postali sastavni deo Glavnih projekata autoputeva, ime se
obezbedilo i sprovo enje Studijom zahtevanih aktivnosti tokom izgradnje
autoputeva. Predmet posebne pažnje su bile aktivnosti na zaštiti kulturnih
dobara.
Tokom izgranje autoputeva sukcesivno se implementiraju mere zaštite životne
sredine uz odgovaraju i monitoring program. Dosadašnja realizacija aktivnosti
na zaštiti životne sredine tokom izgradnje deonica na Koridoru X potvr uje da
je EIA procedura korektno sprovedena.
Klju ne rije i: Koridor X, EIA Direktiva, Studija o proceni uticaja
Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure for Motorway
Projects in Corridor X
Igor Radovi 1, Dušan Mijuk2
1
Koridori Srbije, Kralja Petra 21, Belgrade, Serbia
(i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs, d.mijuk@koridorisrbije.rs)
Abstract
Environmental impact assessment procedures have been carried out for all the
projects of motorway sections in Corridor X currently under construction in the
Republic of Serbia. The EIA procedure is defined in the Law on Environmental
Impact Assessment (Off. Gaz. RS. 135/04, 36/09), and in other extensive
secondary legislation. The entire regulations governing the environmental
sphere are fully harmonized with the European EIA Directive (85/337/EEC,
97/11/EC, 2003/35/EC and 2009/31/EC).
The procedures were carried out under the surveillance of the competent
authority - Ministry of Energy, Development and Environmental Protection.
The core document - Environmental impact assessment study was prepared for
each of ten motorway sections. The involvement of the public concerned was
secured in all stages of study preparation and approval. The obligatory part in
each procedure was acquisition of conditions, opinions and approvals from the
institutions in charge of protection of nature, of cultural monuments and from
the water resources board. Environmental protection measures and monitoring
programmes were incorporated into motorway detailed designs in order to
ensure the implementation of the activities required in the study during
motorway construction. The actions needed for protection of the cultural
heritage were paid special attention.
Environmental protection measures are being currently implemented together
with the relevant monitoring programmes in motorway construction, and the
environmental protective actions already undertaken during construction of
motorway sections in Corridor X confirm that the EIA procedure has been
correctly implemented.
Keywords: Corridor X, EIA Directive, Environmental Impact Assessment
Study
Planiranje trasa magistralnih plinovoda uz primjenu kriterija
uvanja okoliša
Vanja Skopljak Štuli 1, Iva Jureti 1 , Hrvoje Krhen1
1
Plinacro, Savska cesta 88a, Zagreb, Hrvatska (vanja.skopljak@plinacro.hr,
iva.juretic@plinacro.hr, hrvoje.krhen@plinacro.hr)
Sažetak
Prilikom planiranja trasa magistralnih plinovoda nailazimo na razli ite
probleme tehni ke prirode (projektiranje i sigurnost plinovoda) te razli ita
ograni enja u prostoru: prostorno planska ograni enja, konfiguracija terena,
vrsta terena (kopno-more), krajobraz, posebno zašti ena podru ja, itd.
Plinacro u suradnji s izra iva ima Studije o utjecaju na okoliš, prilikom
planiranja trase magistralnog plinovoda tj. kod izrade idejne trase, pokušava
prona i najbolje mogu e rješenje vezano uz prostor i okoliš. U prvoj fazi
projektiranja naj eš e se razmatra više varijantnih rješenja trase plinovoda.
Op enito, prilikom projektiranja plinovoda pokušavaju se pratiti infrastrukturni
linijski objekti (prometnice, dalekovodi, i sl.) radi racionalnog korištenja
prostora. Tako er, ukoliko je mogu e, biraju se ravni arski predjeli iz više
razloga: sigurnost plinovoda, jednostavnost izgradnje bez dodatnog uništavanja
okoliša, vra anje okoliša (krajobraza) u prvobitno stanje nakon izgradnje.
Kod projektiranja te kasnije prilikom izgradnje plinovoda primjenjuju se
najrelevantniji ekološki kriteriji, koriste se postoje i infrastrukturni koridori
koliko god je to mogu e, uvažavaju se mjere zašite okoliša propisane Studijom
o utjecaju na okoliš, a sve u cilju racionalnog korištenja prostora i o uvanja
okoliša.
Klju ne rije i: magistralni plinovodi, planiranje, projektiranje, Studija o
utjecaju na okoliš
Planning the route of the main gas pipelines using the criteria
of environmental protection
Vanja Skopljak Štuli 1, Iva Jureti 1 , Hrvoje Krhen1
1
Plinacro, Savska cesta 88a, Zagreb, Croatia (vanja.skopljak@plinacro.hr,
iva.juretic@plinacro.hr, hrvoje.krhen@plinacro.hr)
Abstract
When planning the route of main gas pipelines, there is a variety of technical
problems (design and safety of the pipeline), and various restrictions in space:
spatial planning restrictions, ground configuration, terrain types (land-sea),
landscape, protected areas, etc.
Plinacro in cooperation with the makers the Environmental Impact Study, while
planning the route of the gas pipeline (ie creating preliminary route), are trying
to find the best possible solutions in the space and the environment. In the first
phase of design, usually is considered several alternatives gas pipeline route. In
general, during the planning of the pipeline route, we try to follow the line
infrastructure objects (roads, power lines, etc.) for the rational use of space.
Also, if possible, we choose plains regions for several reasons: the safety of the
pipeline, ease of construction without further environmental degradation,
restore the environment (landscape) in its original condition after construction.
When designing and later during the construction of the pipeline are applied
most relevant ecological criteria, using the existing infrastructure corridors as
much as possible, respecting the measures prescribed by the Environmental
Impact Study, with the aim of rational land use and environmental protection.
Keywords: main gas pipelines, planning, design, Environmental Impact Study
Specifi nosti procjene utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate zra nih
luka
Mario Pokriva 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Domagoj Vranješ2
1
Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr; zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr)
2
Institut
IGH
d.d.,
Janka
Rakuše
1,
Zagreb,
(domagoj.vranjes@igh.hr)
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate zra nih luka specifi na je po više
aspekata u odnosu na druge infrastrukturne zahvate. Postoji mogu nost sudara s
pticama i drugim životinjama koja je osobito zna ajna u slu aju blizine
zašti enih podru ja. Optere enje okoliša bukom je znatno izraženije tijekom
korištenja, a mogu nost provo enja mjera zaštite je otežana zbog obvezne
koordinacije s institucijama nadležnim za kontrolu i sigurnost zra nog prometa.
Mogu nosti primjene smjernica za zaštitu od svjetlosnog one iš enja tako er
su ograni ene zbog kolizije s propisima vezanim uz zra ni promet. Izražen je i
sigurnosno-akcidentni aspekt koji je izuzetno pokriven sa znatno više
obvezuju ih dokumenata (Aerodromski priru nik, ICAO dokumenti i sl.).
Pitanje odvodnje i pro iš avanja oborinskih voda s manipulativnih površina
problem je koji zahtjeva izrazitu pozornost, naro ito u vodozaštitnim
podru jima.
Zbog navedenih razloga tijekom izrade studije o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš u
velikoj mjeri potrebna je konzultacija s institucijama o kojima ovisi kasniji rad
zra ne luke, a neke od njih nisu direktno uklju ene u postupak procjene utjecaja
na okoliš. Paralelno s ovim konzultacijama, u pojedinim slu ajevima potrebno
je provesti ornitološko istraživanje (radi sigurnosti zra nog prometa i/ili
utjecaja na zašti ene vrste ornitofaune), odnosno specifi nu razradu aktivnih i
pasivnih mjera za zaštitu od buke radi mogu eg negativnog utjecaja na zdravlje
stanovništva. Uklju ivanje javnosti u tijeku rane faze izrade Studije o utjecaju
na okoliš, a prije svega lokalne zajednice koja je pod najve im pritiskom štetnih
utjecaja, ponovno se pokazala višestruko korisnom olakšavaju i tijek javne
rasprave i sami postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: zra ne luke, zaštita voda, okolišno-sigurnosti aspekti, buka,
sudar s pticama, svjetlosno one iš enje, koordinacija institucija
Specificities of Environmental Impact Assessment for Airport
Interventions
Mario Pokriva 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Domagoj Vranješ2
1
Dvokut
ECRO
Ltd.,
Trnjanska
cesta
37,
Zagreb,
Croatia
(mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr; zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr)
2
Institut IGH d.d., Janka Rakuše 1, Zagreb, Croatia (domagoj.vranjes@igh.hr)
Abstract
Environmental impact assessment for airports interventions is specific due to a
variety of aspects compared to other interventions in infrastructure. There is a
possibility of collision with birds and other animals which is especially
emphasized in the vicinity of protected areas. Noise burdening of the
environment is much more pronounced during the utilization phase, and the
implementation of protective measures is more difficult because of the
obligatory coordination with the institutions in charge of the air traffic control
and safety. The possibilities of implementing the guidelines for protection from
light pollution are also limited due to collisions with regulations regarding air
traffic and security. Security - accidental aspect is also highly accentuated and
is covered by a largely greater number of compulsory documentation (Airport
Manual, ICAO documents etc.). The question of drainage and treatment of
precipitation from manipulative surfaces is a problem which requires special
attention, especially in the water protection zones.
For all the above mentioned reasons, it is evident that there is a great need for
consultation with institutions which are not directly included into an EIA
process but on which the subsequent operation of an airport highly depends.
Concurrently with these consultations, in certain cases there is a need for the
ornithological research (for the reasons of securing the air traffic and/or
avoiding the impact on protected bird species), i.e. for the specific analysis of
active and passive measures to be taken in order to mitigate the noise impact
which may bear a negative effect to the surrounding population's health.
Involvement of public in the early stage of the EIA process and, before all,
local community which is influenced the most by the intervention's negative
effects has again proven to be highly beneficial, simplifying the course of
public debate as well as the EIA process itself.
Keywords: airports, water protection, security-accidental aspects, noise,
collision with birds, light pollution, coordination of institutions
Zagreb Airport - Environmental assessment and management
Remy Lagache1, Mario Pokriva 2, Eric Lonvis3
1
EGIS Structures et Environnement, 40 avenue de la Marne, Wasquehal,
France (remy.lagache@egis.fr); 2Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb,
Croatia; 3Bouygues Bâtiment International, 1, Avenue Eugene Freyssinet,
Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines,France
Abstract
Zagreb airport is currently managed and operated by ZAL (Zagreb Airport
Ltd.). At the Handover Date, the Concessionaire (MZLZ – Me unarodna
Zra na Luka Zagreb d.d.) will take-over the airport operations, the airport staff
and the airport premises within the concession Site for a period of 30
years.During the first 3 years, the Concessionaire MZLZ will operate the
existing airport installations and build a new terminal building, then will extend
the terminal in a later operation.
It is therefore of primary importance for the Concessionaire MZLZ to know
and evaluate the Pre-existing Environmental Conditions within the concession
Site and its surroundings, with a specific focus on areas where construction
works are to be undertaken. Consequently, MZLZ undertook an Environmental
Baseline Study, with main assessment concerns Air quality, noise conditions,
ecology, groundwater and surface water, stormwater and wastewater, soil
pollution, waste management, lead and asbestos. Even if all environmental
topics have been investigated, particular attention was given to potential soil
and groundwater pollutions, Zagreb airport being situated in the central part
Zagreb protected aquifer and potentially subject to historical pollution (due to
civil and military activities).
Regarding future potential environmental issues, the concession time could be
split in several periods, with an imbrication of operating and building phases.
MZLZ has produced an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan, a
document intended to be an overview document that guides environmental
management and monitoring on all the aspects of the project for the whole
concession time.
Methodological contruction of these two reports (EBR and EMMPR) and main
findings are discussed in the following paper.
Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment, Baseline Study, Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plan
Influence of transport infrastructure on the genetic diversity implications for impact assessment
Toni Safner1, Jelena Liki 1, Mirko Mesari 1, Marijan Gredelj1
1
IRES ekologija d.o.o., Prilaz baruna Filipovi a 21, Zagreb, Croatia
(toni.safner@ires-ekologija.hr)
Abstract
Genetic diversity, the total number of genetic variants in a species, represents
the adaptive potential of the species to the changing environment. Habitat
fragmentation, the subdivision of a large area of habitat into smaller, often
isolated patches, contribute to the erosion of genetic diversity through genetic
drift and inbreeding. The development of a dense network of transport
infrastructure is one of major drivers of fragmentation and loss of habitat
connectivity and it has to be properly evaluated during the process of impact
assessment.
In this paper we present the examples of the negative influence of transport
infrastructure on the genetic structure of insects, amphibians, small and large
mammals, as well as the example of the well conducted planning of the green
bridge on highway Zagreb – Rijeka in Croatia.
Presented examples support the necessity to evaluate the effects of habitat
fragmentation and propose acceptable mitigation measures during the EIA
studies for the development of transport infrastructure.
Keywords: genetic diversity, habitat fragmentation, transport infrastructure
Utjecaj stabilnosti atmosfere i meteoroloških parametara na
prostorno širenje buke
Tanja Tudor1, Melita Milosti
1
1
Gekom d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1.-2., Zagreb, Hrvatska (ttudor@gekom.hr,
mburic@gekom.hr)
Sažetak
Buka okoliša jest neželjen ili po ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš štetan zvuk u
vanjskome prostoru izazvan ljudskom aktivnoš u. Prostorno širenje buke,
odnosno prikaz istoga izradom karte buke iznimno je važan dio studije utjecaja
na okoliš. Karta buke se definira kao prikaz postoje eg i/ili predvi enog stanja
imisije buke na promatranom podru ju. Razine buke izražavaju se akusti kim
veli inama (Lden, Lday i Lnight) kojima se opisuje buka okoliša štetna za
ljudsko zdravlje. Pri izradi karte buke putem ra unalnog programa SoundPlan
verzija 7.1, koriste se standardi propisani Pravilnikom o na inu izrade i
sadržaju karata buke i akcijskih planova te o na inu izra una dopuštenih
indikatora buke (NN 75/09), u kojima su ve ura unate odre ene meteorološke
situacije i parametri.
Atmosfersko stanje bitno utje e na širenje buke. Pojava temperaturne inverzije
je zna ajna za pojavu zona ujnosti i tišine na promatranom podru ju. Time
naseljena podru ja koja su najbliža nekom budu em zahvatu u prostoru ne
moraju nužno biti i najizloženija potencijalnoj buci istoga. Meteorološki
parametri koji ulaze u prora un širenja buke su smjer i brzina vjetra te
prosje ne vrijednosti temperature, vlažnosti i tlaka zraka. Kombiniranjem
izrazito stabilnog stanja atmosfere i nepovoljnih meteoroloških parametara,
pogotovo smjera i brzine vjetra, postiže se najgori slu aj (worst case)
prostornog širenja buke zahvata obzirom na okolna naseljena podru ja. U radu
e biti prikazane razine buke dobivene za najnepovoljniji meteorološki slu aj u
odnosu na uobi ajeni prora un prostornog širenja buke koji je propisan
Pravilnikom o na inu izrade i sadržaju karata buke i akcijskih planova te o
na inu izra una dopuštenih indikatora buke (NN 75/09).
Klju ne rije i: karte buke, hrvatski propisi, stabilnost atmosfere, meteorologija
Influence of atmospheric stability and meteorological
parameters on the spatial noise propagation
Tanja Tudor1, Melita Milosti
1
1
Gekom Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1.-2., Zagreb, Croatia (ttudor@gekom.hr,
mburic@gekom.hr)
Abstract
Environmental noise is unwanted or on human health and the environment
damaging sound in outer space caused by human activity. Spatial sound
propagation presented by noise map is an extremely important part of an
environmental impact study. Noise map is defined as a representation of the
current and/or predicted noise imission in the observed area. Noise levels are
expressed as acoustic value (Lden, Lday and Lnight) describing the noise
harmful to human health. In creation of noise maps using computer program
SoundPlan version 7.1, standards prescribed by the Ordinance on the method of
preparation and content of noise maps and action plans and on the method of
calculating limit values of noise indicators (OG 75/09) are used, in which
certain situations and meteorological parameters are already included.
Noise propagation is affected by atmospheric condition. Temperature inversion
phenomenon is significant for the occurrence of zones of audibility and
tranquility in the area observed. Therefore settlements closest to some future
projects in an area are not necessarily exposed the most to the potential noise.
Noise calculation includes meteorological parameters as wind direction and
speed and average values of temperature, humidity and air pressure. Combining
extremely stable atmospheric condition and unfavorable meteorological
parameters for the surrounding residential areas, especially wind direction and
speed, the worst case of noise propagation is achieved. This paper will show the
noise levels obtained for the worst case in comparison to the conventional
spatial noise propagation calculation prescribed by the Ordinance on the
method of preparation and content of noise maps and action plans and on the
method of calculating limit values of noise indicators (OG 75/09).
Keywords: noise maps, Croatian regulative, atmosphere stability, meteorology
Primjenjivost lišajeva kao indikatorskih organizama u
sustavu pra enja kvalitete zraka u Hrvatskoj
Maja Masla
1,2
, Goran Gašparac3, Luka Škunca1,2, Sanja Grguri 3,
Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (mmaslac@oikon.hr ); 2Geonatura d.o.o.za stru ne poslove
zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 3Gekom Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Hrvatska; 4Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara
Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Sukladno Zakonu o zaštiti zraka (NN 130/11) te Pravilniku o pra enju kvalitete
zraka (NN 03/13), županije i gradovi u Hrvatskoj imaju obavezu trajnog
pra enja kvalitete zraka, ako za to postoje opravdani razlozi. Tako er, za
potrebe procjena utjecaja na okoliš gdje se sagledava utjecaj zahvata na
kvalitetu zraka nužno je obavljati utvr ivanje postoje eg stanja i monitoring
kvalitete zraka (Uredba o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš; NN 64/08). U
Hrvatskoj se pra enja kvalitete zraka standardno obavljaju na emisijskim i
imisijskim mjernim postajama, uz korištenje fizikalno-kemijskih metoda, ime
se težište stavlja na procjenu parametara aktualne kvalitete zraka uz veliku
vremensku i relativno malu prostornu razlu ivost rezultata (zbog skupo e
mjernih instrumenata).
Zbog svojstva da svu vodu potrebnu za život primaju iz zraka, lišajevi su me u
najpoznatijim biološkim indikatorima za procjenu kvalitete zraka u svijetu,
zna ajni po tome što prikazuju multi-pollutant/multi-effect stanje okoliša
(Gothenburški protokol, CLRTAP). Odre ivanjem spektra vrsta lišajeva (jer
postoje osjetljivije i otpornije vrste) možemo relativno brzo procijeniti i
kartirati dugoro ne (kumulativne) efekte zra nog zaga enja na ve im
površinama, što u standardnom pristupu s mjernim postajama prakti no nije
mogu e. U radu se pokazuje da je analiza prostorne razdiobe indikatorskih
vrsta lišajeva idealna nadopuna standardnom pristupu, prikladnija za
prepoznavanje ugroženih podru ja, procjenu dosega zra nog one iš enja iz
konkretnih izvora i optimizaciju lokacija za mjerne postaje.
Klju ne rije i: bioindikacija, imisija, one iš uju e tvari, kumulativni efekt,
one iš enje zraka
Applicability of lichens as indicator organisms in air quality
monitoring in Croatia
Maja Masla
1,2
, Goran Gašparac3, Luka Škunca1,2, Sanja Grguri 3,
Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4
1
Oikon Ltd. Institute of applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (mmaslac@oikon.hr ); 2Geonatura Ltd, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Croatia; 3Gekom - Geophysical and Ecological Modeling Ltd., Trg
senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of
Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
In accordance with the Law on Air Quality Protection (OG no. 130/11) and the
Regulation on air quality monitoring (OG no. 03/13), counties and cities in
Croatia are obliged to permanently monitor air quality, if there are reasonable
grounds for it. Also, for the need of environmental impact assessments, where
the project’s impact on air quality is analyzed, it is necessary to perform
determination of the current status and monitoring of air quality (Regulation on
the environmental impact assessment; OG no. 64/08). In Croatia, air quality
monitoring is standardly done with emission and immission monitoring
stations, using physicochemical methods, whereby the focus is put on the
assessment of parameters of the current air quality with great time and
relatively low spatial resolution of the results (due to the high cost of the
measuring instruments).
Due to the fact that lichens receive all necessary water from the air, they are
among the most commonly used biological indicators for the assessment of air
quality in the world, significant for showing the multi-pollutant/multi-effect
state of the environment (Gothenburg Protocol, CLRTAP). By specifying the
range of lichen species (since there are sensitive and resistant species) one can
fairly quickly assess and map the long-term (cumulative) effects of air pollution
over large areas, something that is practically not possible when using the
standard approach with measuring stations. The paper shows that the analysis
of the spatial distribution of indicator species of lichen is an ideal supplement to
the standard approach, more suitable for identifying vulnerable areas,
estimating the scope of air pollution from specific sources and optimization of
the locations for the monitoring stations.
Keywords: bioindication, imissions, pollutant, cumulative effect, air pollution
Procjena stanja i utjecaja informaciono-komunikacionih
tehnologija na smanjenje karbonskih emisija na podru ju
Bosne i Hercegovine
Mirza Berkovi 1, Amel Kosovac1
1
Fakultet za saobra aj i komunikacije, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosna i
Hercegovina (mirza.berkovic@gmail.com)
Sažetak
Autori razmatraju stanje i utjecaj primjene ICT tehnologija u funkciji smanjenja
karbonskih emisija na podru ju Bosne i Hercegovine. U evropskim razmjerima,
udio karbonskih emisija zemlje je zanemariv, me utim ona se nalazi u podru ju
gdje se o ekuju zna ajne, nepovoljne, klimatske promjene. Uloga ICT u
smanjenju karbonskih emisija i u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena je višestruka
i kompleksna. Uzimaju i u obzir da je ICT tehnologija i sama izvor zaga enja
životne sredine, što je na ovom podru ju posebno tretirano Zakonom o
upravljanju otpadom i Zakonom o zaštiti okoliša, u ovom radu se primarno
posmatra kao sredstvo u funkciji redukcije negativnog traga drugih sistema.
Cilj rada je da doprinese rasvjetljavanju u osnovi još nedovoljno rasvjetljene
prirode utjecaja ICT-a na okoliš.
Zaklju ak rada je da razina i na in primjene ICT-a, posebno temeljenih na
obnovljivim izvorima energije, a koje imaju interakciju sa drugim pozitivnim
rješenjim, može zna ajno utjecati na smanjenje karbonskih emisija, te tako
direktno doprinjeti ekološkom aspektu održivog razvoja BiH.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita okoliša, ICT, procjena, GHG, BAU
Assessment and impact of information and communication
technologies to reduce carbon emissions on the territory of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mirza Berkovi 1, Amel Kosovac1
1
Faculty of Traffic and Communications, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia
and Herzegovina (mirza.berkovic@gmail.com)
Abstract
The authors discusses the state and the impact of the application of information
and communication technologies in function to reduce carbon emissions on the
territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In European terms, the share of carbon
emissions of Bosnia and Herzegovina is negligible, but Bosnia and
Herzegovina is located in an area where expected significant, unfavorable
climate changes. The role of ICT in reducing carbon emissions and in the fight
against climate change is multiple and complex. Taking into consideration that
the ICT technology and source of pollution of the environment, what is on this
area, specially treated by the Law on Waste Management and the
Environmental Protection Act, this paper is primarily seen as a means of
reducing the negative trace in other systems. The aim of this paper is to
contribute to the scientific of clarification in basically still insufficiently clearer
nature of the influence of ICT on the environment.
The conclusion work is that the level and method application of information
and communication technologies, particularly based on renewable energy
sources, and which has a positive interaction with other solutions, can have a
significant impact on reducing carbon emissions, and thus directly contribute to
aspect of sustainable development in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: environmental protection, ICT, assessment, GHG, BAU
Uloga dobrovoljnog tržišta ugljika u neutralizaciji emisije
stakleni kih plinova prilikom zahvata u okolišu
Roman Danko1, Dalibor Hati 2, Oleg Antoni
2,3
1
CO2cut d.o.o., Opatovina 23, Zagreb, Hrvatska (rdanko@co2cut.com)
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (dhatic@oikon.hr)
3
Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana
8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska (oantonic@oikon.hr)
2
Sažetak
Rad razmatra mogu nost neutralizacije (offset) emisija stakleni kih plinova
prilikom zahvata u okoliš. Bilanca emisija pojedinog zahvata može biti
pozitivna i negativna. Pozitivna bilanca prisutna je kod projekata koji ispuštaju
višak stakleni kih plinova u odnosu na prirodni ciklus (npr. sje a šume
prilikom izgradnje prometnice proizvodi višak emisija CO2 zbog gubitka drvne
mase, te korištenja mehanizacije i kasnije eksploatacije prometnice). Negativna
bilanca emisija javlja se npr. prilikom izgradnje i korištenja vjetroelektrane. U
tome slu aju emisija CO2 je tijekom gradnje zanemariva u odnosu na
izbjegavanje emisije CO2 tijekom radnog vijeka vjetroelektrane koje bi ina e
bile prisutne pri ekvivalentnoj proizvodnji energije u elektrani na fosilna
goriva. U projektima negativne bilance emisija mogu e je verificirati i izdati
ugljikove kredite koji neutraliziraju emisije stakleni kih plinova zahvata u
okoliš s pozitivnom bilancom emisija.
Klimatske promjene uzrokovane ovjekovim djelovanjem globalni su problem
koji traži globalni pristup rješenju pa je ugljikove kredite mogu e kupovati i
prodavati na me unarodnom dobrovoljnom tržištu ugljika. Prilikom zahvata u
okoliš cjelokupnu pozitivnu bilancu (tj. višak) emisija stakleni kih plinova
mogu e je neutralizirati verificiranim projektima sa svih kontinenata koji
uklju uju postrojenja obnovljivih izvora energije, projekte pošumljavanja i
zaštite šuma, te projekte upravljanja odlagalištima otpada (izbjegavanje emisija
metana).
Klju ne rije i: bilanca emisija, ugljikovi krediti, offset projekti
Voluntary Carbon Market and Carbon Offseting in
Environmental Development Projects
Roman Danko1, Dalibor Hati 2, Oleg Antoni
2, 3
1
CO2cut Ltd., Opatovina 23, Zagreb, Croatia (rdanko@co2cut.com)
Oikon Ltd. Institute for Applied Ecology, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (dhatic@oikon.hr)
3
J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara
Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia (oantonic@oikon.hr)
2
Abstract
Paper discusses the possibility of neutralization (offset) of greenhouse gases
during development projects. Intervention may have positive and negative
emissions balace. The positive balance is present in projects that emit
greenhouse gases in excess compared to the natural cycle (eg. deforestation
while building roads results with CO2 emissions due to the loss of trees, use of
a machinery and the subsequent exploitation of roads). The negative balance of
emission occurs, for example, when wind farms are built. In this case, CO2
emissions during construction are negligible in relation to the avoidance of
CO2 emissions during the life of wind plant that would otherwise be present at
equivalent energy production in power plants using fossil fuels. A project with
negative balance can 'produce', verify and issue carbon credits to neutralize
greenhouse gas emissions of a project with the positive emissions balance.
Climate change caused by human activities is global problem that requires
global solution, so carbon credits could be bought and sold on the international
voluntary carbon market. Overall positive balance (ie surplus) of greenhouse
gas emissions can be offset by verified projects from all continents, including
renewable energy projects, reforestation and forest protection and landfills
management (avoiding methane emissions).
Keywords: emissions balance, carbon credits, offset projects
Primjena WEB-AIR online informacijskog sustava za
upravljanje kvalitetom zraka u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš i
strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš
Goran Gašparac1, Sanja Grguri 1, Josip Križan1 , Oleg
Antoni 1,2,3, Zdravko Špiri 2, Kurt Fedra4
1
Gekom d.o.o. – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (ggasparac@gekom.hr)
2
Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
3
Odjel za biologiju, Sveu ilište J.J.Strossmayer, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek,
Hrvatska
4
Environmental Software & Services GmbH AUSTRIA Am Eichkogel 14 ,
Mödling, Austrija
Sažetak
U sklopu me unarodnog projekta Eureka E!3266 – WEBAIR – WEB Based Air
Quality Assesment and Menagement razvijen je mrežno orijentirani
multimedijalni informacijski sustav namijenjen za upravljanje kvalitetom zraka
koji je primjenjiv na lokalnoj, regionalnoj i nacionalnoj skali.
Kroz sustav se vrši integracija meteoroloških podataka, te podataka o
emisijama iz pokretnih i stacionarnih izvora one iš enja nakon ega se
modelira kvaliteta zraka ovisno o vrsti i na inu primjene (Gaussovski,
Lagrangianski i Eulerovski model). Sustav je organiziran kao modularno web
su elje koje obuhva a 1) dinami ko modeliranje emisija, 2) alate za
izvještavanje prema važe im Uredbama, 3) ekspertne sustave optimizacije
kontrole emisija i validacije te 4) sve potrebne GIS podloge. Sustav je testiran
na nekoliko podru ja u svijetu (Cipar, Seoul, Be , Malta, itd.), te na podru ju
Sisa ko – moslava ke županije i grada Siska.
U radu se prikazuje primjena sustava u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš i strateškoj
procjeni utjecaja one iš iva a na okoliš u skladu sa europskim regulativama i
propisima iz podru ja kvalitete zraka.
Klju ne rije i: upravljanje kvalitetom zraka, numeri ko modeliranje, EUREKA
projekti procjena utjecaja na okoliš
Appliance of WEB-AIR online information air quality
management system on environmental impact assessment and
strategic environment assessment
Goran Gašparac1, Sanja Grguri 1, Josip Križan1, Oleg Antoni
Zdravko Špiri 2, Kurt Fedra4
1,2,3
,
1
Gekom Ltd. – Geophysical and ecological modelling, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Croatia (ggasparac@gekom.hr)
2
Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia Croatia
3
Department for biology, J.J.Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara
Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia
4
Environmental Software & Services GmbH AUSTRIA Am Eichkogel 14 ,
Mödling, Austria
Abstract
As a part of international research and development project Eureka E!3266,
WEBAIR – WEB Based Air Quality Assesment and Menagement information
system for local, regional and nacional scale has been developed.
The system integrates meteorological, air quality data and emissions data from
mobile and stationary sources into air quality models. Depending on approach
and type of case study the system support Gaussian, Lagrangian and Eulerian
air quality models.
The system is implemented as a range of web accessible fully integrated
application services which beside numerical models, encompasses various
necessary tools for air quality management such as dynamical emission
modelling, expert systems, optimisation of emission control, data validation,
GIS and reporting tools under European legislation (2008/50/EC directive). The
system has been tested and used on various locations, including Cyprus, Seoul,
Vienna, Malta etc., and Sisak county area and City of Sisak.
Goal of this study is to show application of air quality management system in
environmental and strategic environmental impact assessment compliant with
current European and Croatian legislation.
Keywords: air quality management, numerical
environmental impact assessment
modelling, EUREKA,
Specifi nosti utjecaja na okoliš korištenjem biomase u
industriji cementa
Merica Pletikosi
CEMEX Hrvatska d.d., Cesta dr.Franje Tu mana 45, Kaštel Su urac,
Hrvatska, (merica.pletikosic@cemex.com)
Sažetak
Prilagodba klimatskim promjenama, gospodarstvu uvjetuje nove ciljeve, a
uspijeh ovisi o korištenju tehnologija koje zamjenjuju fosilna goriva.
Naju inkovitiji na in smanjenja emisije stakleni kih plinova u cementnoj
industriji je korištenje zamjenskih goriva porijeklom od biomase. Zbog toga je
u tvornicama cementa provedeno više postupaka potrebe o procjeni / procjene
utjecaja na okoliš.
Cilj ovog rada je energetskom oporabom utvrditi utjecaj korištenja komine kao
zamjenskog goriva u procesu proizvodnje cementa kroz emisije uglji nog
dioksida, sumpornog dioksida, duši nih oksida, dioksina, furana i teških
metala, kao i usporedbu kalorijske vrijednosti promatranih goriva, u procesu
proizvodnje cementa tvrtke CEMEX Hrvatska d.d.
Na uzorku entiteta od 120 dnevnih prosje nih mjerenja emisije uglji nog
dioksida, sumpornog dioksida, duši nih oksida (60 dana mjerenja u kojima je
korišteno isklju ivo samo fosilno gorivo - 30 dana iz 2011 i 30 dana iz 2012
godine) i povremenih mjerenja dioksina, furana i teških metala, te 60 dana u
kojima je korištena definirana koli ina komine kao zamjensko gorivo (60 dana
iz 2011 i 60 dana iz 2012), utvr ena je statisti ki zna ajna razlika u definiranim
klasterima.
Univarijantna analiza varijance (ANOVA) ukazuje na statisti ki zna ajnu
razliku izme u klastera mjerenja koja su koristili kominu i koji nisu u
emisijama CO2 , dok vrijednosti emisija ostalih promatranih parametara tako er
ukazuju na smanjene vrijednosti emisija, ali ne i statisti ku zna ajnost.
Svi rezultati emisija uspore eni su s modelima i izra unima bilanca emisija iz
postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: biomasa, cementna industrija, energetska oporaba, stakleni ki
plinovi
Specifics of the environmental impact of biomass use in the
cement industry
Merica Pletikosi
CEMEX Hrvatska d.d., Cesta dr.Franje Tu mana 45, Kaštel Su urac, Croatia
(merica.pletikosic@cemex.com)
Abstract
Adaptation to climate changes determines new goals in the economy, and
success depends on the use of technologies which replace fossil fuels. The most
effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the cement industry is the
use of alternative fuels originating from biomass. Therefore, several procedures
of reviewing the need for environmental impact assessment/s were conducted
in cement plants.
The aim of this paper was to determine, by energy recovery, the impact of
using olive pomace as an alternative fuel in the cement production process
through the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
dioxins, furans and heavy metals, as well as the comparison of the observed
fuels’ calorific values in the production process of cement company CEMEX
Croatia.
In a sample of entities of 120 daily average emission measurements of carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (60 days of measurement in which
exclusively fossil fuel was used -30 days in 2011 and 30 days in 2012) and
occasional measurements of dioxins, furans and heavy metals, in addition to 60
days in which the amount of olive pomace used was defined as an alternative
fuel (60 days in 2011 and 60 days in 2012), there was a statistically significant
difference in defined clusters.
Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant
differences in CO2 emissions between clusters of measurements that used olive
pomace and those which did not, while emission values from other observed
parameters also indicate reduced emission levels, but do not show statistical
significance.
All emissions results were compared with models and calculation balance
emissions from the procedure of environmental impact assessment.
Keywords: biomass/cement industry/energy recovery/greenhouse gases.
Provedba na ela kombiniranog pristupa prema Okvirnoj
direktivi o vodama EU u postupcima procjene utjecaja
zahvata na okoliš
Vesna Trbojevi 1, Dunja Bariši 1, Elizabeta Kos1
1
Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, Uprava vodnoga gospodarstva, Ulica Grada
Vukovara 220 Zagreb, Hrvatska (tvesna@voda.hr)
Sažetak
Ovaj rad ima za cilj prikazati primjenu na ela kombiniranog pristupa prema
Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama EU prenesenog u zakonodavni okvir vodnoga
gospodarstva koji je potrebno primijeniti ve u postupku procjene utjecaja
zahvata na okoliš za svaki zahvat u prostoru za koji se ocjeni da ima utjecaja na
stanje površinskih i podzemnih vodnih tijela uklju uju i i prijelazne i priobalne
vode.
Kombinirani pristup u na elu zna i da se ocjena utjecaja nekog zahvata u
prostoru na stanje voda utvr uje kombinacijom ocjene utjecaja zahvata na
stanje vodnih tijela koji su pod utjecajem toga zahvata primjenom standarda
kakvo e voda i ograni avanjem odnosno kontrolom emisija otpadnih voda koje
se ispuštaju iz tog zahvata primjenom standarda kakvo e efluenta. Pritom treba
imati u vidu postizanje propisanih ciljeva zaštite voda i vodnog okoliša. U
slu aju da ograni enjem emisija otpadnih voda nije mogu e posti i propisano
stanje vodnog tijela koje je recipijent otpadnih voda potrebno je propisati strože
grani ne vrijednosti emisija odnosno poduzeti i druge mjere koje moraju
omogu iti postizanje najmanje dobrog stanja vodnog tijela-recipijenta
ispuštenih otpadnih voda.
Klju ne rije i: emisija otpadnih voda, kombinirani pristup, zahvat u prostoru,
utjecaj na stanje voda, recipijent
Application of the combined approach principle according to
the EU Water Framework Directive in environmental impact
assessment
Vesna Trbojevi 1, Dunja Bariši 1, Elizabeta Kos1
1
Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management Directorate, Ulica grada
Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia (tvesna@voda.hr)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the application of the combined
approach principle according to the EU Water Framework Directive transposed
into the legal framework of water management. The principle has to be applied
already in the process of environmental impact assessment for any project
assessed as having effect on the status of bodies of surface water and
groundwater, including transitional and coastal waters.
In principle, a combined approach means that assessment of impact of a project
on the status of water is identified by combining assessment of the impact of
the project on the status of water bodies which are under its impact by applying
the water quality standards and restriction or control of emissions of wastewater
discharged as the result of such project by applying the effluent quality
standards. In that process, achievement of the required objectives for the
protection of water and the aquatic environment should be taken into account.
If the required status of the water body receiving wastewater cannot be
achieved by restricting wastewater emissions, it is necessary to set stricter
emission limit values or take other measures which have to facilitate
achievement of at least good status of the water body receiving discharged
wastewater.
Keywords: wastewater emission, combined approach, project, impact on the
status of water, receiving body
Iskustva u pripremi i provedbi postupaka ocjene utjecaja na
okoliš i prirodu velikih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava
Stjepan Mišeti 1, Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Alan Kerekovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i
gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(stjepan.misetic@elektroprojekt.hr)
Sažetak
Preostali neizgra eni veliki višenamjenski hidrotehni ki sustavi ulaze u skup
najizazovnijih gra evinskih poduhvata na podru ju Republike Hrvatske. Cilj je
ukazati na iznimni zna aj postupka procjene njihovog utjecaja na okoliš i
prirodu, jer je uspjeh tog postupka klju ni preduvjet za pokretanje priprema za
njihovu izgradnju, ali što je još važnije i za donošenje ispravnih odluka o
na inu njihovog korištenja. Polaze i od osnovnih odrednica višenamjenskih
hidrotehni kih sustava, te od iskustava na pripremi studija utjecaja na okoliš i
iskustava u provedbi postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu za više
velikih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava, kao što su HE Podsused, HE
Drenje, Kanal Dunav-Sava, HE Ombla, HE Kosinj i HE Senj II, te VHS Osijek,
kriti ki e se razmotriti i komentirati pristupi, problemi u pripremi i provedbi,
te dosadašnji rezultati. Zaklju no e se dati prijedlozi za poboljšanje uvjeta i
na ina pripreme i provedbe takvih postupaka, a poseban e se naglasak dati na
posebnost ove vrste zahvata i potrebu kontinuiranog poboljšavanja pristupa, uz
osvrt na veliki broj mogu ih sli nih postupaka.
Klju ne rije i: višenamjenski hidrotehni ki zahvati, okoliš, priroda, pristup,
postupak
Experience with Preparation and Implementation of the
Environmental and Nature Impact Assessment Procedures for
Large Multipurpose Hydropower Systems
Stjepan Mišeti 1, Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Alan Kerekovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4,
Zagreb, Croatia (stjepan.misetic@elektroprojekt.hr)
Abstract
Remaining undeveloped multipurpose hydropower systems belong to the most
challenging construction projects in Croatia. The paper intends to highlight an
outstanding importance of environmental and nature impact assessment of such
projects. A successful assessment procedure is a pivotal point in launching the
project construction and, still more importantly, in making an appropriate
decision on utilization of such facilities. The approaches, problems with
preparation and implementation, and results achieved are all scrutinized based
on essential characteristics of the multipurpose hydropower systems, and on
experience gained both with preparation of the environmental impact studies
and conducting of the environmental impact assessment and nature appropriate
assessment procedures for several large multipurpose hydropower systems,
including Podsused HPP, Drenje HPP, the Danube-Sava Canal, Ombla HPP,
Kosinj HPP and Senj 2 HPP, and Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System. In
conclusion, proposals are made for improvement of conditions and methods
applied to implementation of such procedures, special characteristics of this
type of hydropower project and need for permanent improvement of
approaches underscored, and an overview of numerous similar procedures
given.
Keywords: multipurpose hydropower projects, environment, nature, approach,
procedure
Klimatske promjene i procjene utjecaja hidrotehni kih
zahvata na okoliš i prirodu
Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Ivan Vu kovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i
gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(zlatko.pletikapic@elektroprojekt.hr)
Sažetak
Namjera je ukazati na zna aj utjecaja klimatskih promjena na prostor i
planirane hidrotehni ke zahvate s aspekta dugotrajnosti korištenja takvih
zahvata i dugotrajnosti njihovog utjecaja na okoliš. Prikazati e se najnovije
spoznaje o o ekivanom utjecaju klimatskih promjena na podru je Srednje
Europe i Mediterana, te e se razmotriti zna aj tog utjecaja na hidrološka stanja
najve ih vodotoka u Hrvatskoj. Povezati e se dugoro ni utjecaj mogu ih
klimatskih promjena s razdobljem izgradnje i korištenja hidrotehni kih zahvata,
te e se ukazati na potrebu uklju ivanja u procjenu utjecaja takvih zahvata na
okoliš i prirodu aspekta klimatskih promjena, od razmatranja varijante "ne
initi ništa" do razmatranja djelovanja hidrotehni kih zahvata na izmijenjeni
okoliš i promijenjene prirodne vrijednosti. Razmatranja e se zaklju iti s
prijedlogom na ina uklju ivanja utjecaja klimatskih promjena u pripremu
studija utjecaja hidrotehni kih zahvata na okoliš i prirodu, kao i u postupke
procjene utjecaja tih zahvata.
Klju ne rije i: klimatske promjene, hidrotehni ki zahvati, dugotrajni utjecaji,
okoliš, priroda
Climate Change and Hydropower Project Environmental and
Nature Impact Assessment
Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Ivan Vu kovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4,
Zagreb, Croatia (zlatko.pletikapic@elektroprojekt.hr)
Abstract
The paper aims at highlighting importance of climate change for the space and
hydropower projects under consideration having in mind long operating
lifetime of such projects and, consequently, their long-term environmental
impact. The recently obtained information on expected impact of climate
change on the Central Europe and Mediterranean region, and importance of the
impact on the hydrological conditions of the largest Croatian rivers is
presented. The long-term impact of possible climate change is correlated with
the period of construction and operation of the hydropower projects, and the
need is pointed out for such environmental and nature impact assessments to
consider the climate change aspects. The considerations encompass options
ranging from the “as is" scenario to consideration of the the hydropower project
impact on modified environment and changed nature assets. In conclusion, a
proposal is made that climate change be included in the environmental and
nature impact assessments of hydropower projects, and the impact assessment
methods are suggested.
Keywords: climate
environment, nature
change,
hydropower
projects,
long-term
impacts,
Metodologija odre ivanja hidromorfoloških promjena uslijed
izgradnje akumulacija i uspornih bazena
Iva Vidakovi 1, Ivan Vu kovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i
gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(iva.vidakovic@elektroprojekt.hr)
Sažetak
Na primjeru VHS Osijek prikazana je metodologija ocjenjivanja zate enog
stanja i budu ih promjena na vodnim tijelima rijeke Drave uslijed izgradnje
prate ih zahvata s aspekta hidromorfoloških promjena, a sukladno na elima
Okvirne direktive o vodama. Ocijenjeno je ukupno 9 odabranih dionica od rkm
0+000 do rkm 98+100. Ocjena je dodijeljena temeljem dostupnih podataka za
niz hidromorfoloških elemenata kakvo e, povijesnih podataka i terenskog
obilaska. Kao referenta godina prirodnog toka Drave uzeta je 1784. godina
budu i da do tada nije bilo ve ih zahvata u koritu Drave. Prikazano je kako
postupak procjene odre uje vrstu i razinu utjecaja, te omogu uje odre ivanje
vrsti mjera koje se predlažu u okviru postupka procjene utjecaja takvih zahvata
na okoliš, odnosno u ovom slu aju, utjecaj na ekološko stanje voda / ekološki
potencija na potezu izgradnje.
Klju ne rije i: hidromorfolološke promjene, rijeka Drava, VHS Osijek
Methodology for Determining the Hydromorphological
Modification as a Result of Reservoir and Impoundment
Basin Construction
Iva Vidakovi 1, Ivan Vu kovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4,
Zagreb, Croatia (iva.vidakovic@elektroprojekt.hr)
Abstract
Using the Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System as an example and in
compliance with the principles of the Water Framework Directive, this paper
depicts the methodology for assessing the pre-existing hydromorphological
conditions of the Drava river water bodies and future modification expected as
a result of construction of the associated facilities. A total of 9 reaches were
assessed on the Drava river from 0+000 km to 98+100. The final score was
derived based on available data for a wide spectrum of hydromorphological
features, historical data and a field survey.
The year 1784 was used as the reference year as before that there were no
significant interventions to the Drava river bed and canal. The depicted
assessment procedure allows valuation of the type and level of impact while
enabling the defining of measures proposed within the framework of
environmental impact assessment for this type of project, or in the case of this
project, the impact on the ecological status / ecological potential of the affected
reach.
Keywords: hydromorphological modification, the Drava river, Osijek MHS
Utjecaj višenamjenskog-hidroenergetskog sustava (VHS)
Osijek na budu e stanje voda
Ivan Vu kovi 1, Stjepan Mišeti 1, Miroslav Steinbauer2, Zlatko
Pletikapi 1
1
Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i
gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(ivan.vuckovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Cerni ka 21, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Razvoj ljudskog društva povla i sa sobom i sve ve e potrebe za vodom,
hranom, energijom, ali i zaštitom okoliša. Pri tome je voda, s obzirom na
mogu nost one iš enja jedan od osjetljivijih segmenata okoliša.
Veliki zahvati u prirodi nesumnjivo utje u na odre eni na in i na biljni i
životinjski svijet, me utim, uzimanjem u obzir svih bitnih parametara ovi se
utjecaji mogu svesti na minimum.
Op enito se može re i da gradnja i pogon hidroenergetskih objekata, kao i
svako drugo djelovanje ovjeka, utje e na prirodu i okoliš. Danas, kada su
zahtjevi zaštite prirode i okoliša vrlo strogi i ograni avaju i, svaki objekt se
planira i projektira na taj na in da se zadovolje svi propisani uvjeti i
ograni enja, a s druge strane, višenamjenski hidroenergetski objekti danas su
tipi ni nosioci razvoja ne samo gravitiraju eg podru ja na kojem su gra eni,
poti u gospodarski i društveni razvoj šire regije, te u tom smislu daju svoj puni
doprinos održivom razvoju.
Kada se govori o utjecaju na površinske vode, izgradnjom VHS Osijek o ekuju
se odre ene promjene u stanju voda.
U radu se daje uvid u trenutno (sadašnje) stanje voda na podru ju zaposjedanja
budu eg zahvata VHS Osijek, te usporedba sa pretpostavljenim budu im
stanjem, odnosno koje su mogu e promjene u stanju voda gledaju i osnovne
fizikalno kemijske pokazatelje koji prate biološke elemente kakvo e voda, kao i
mogu e promjene u sastavu i strukturi bioloških elemenata kakvo e voda koji
uz hidromorfološke elemente kakvo e opisuju ekološko stanje površinskih
voda.
Klju ne rije i: stanje površinskih voda, VHS Osijek, promjene stanja voda
Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System Impact on Future
Water Status
Ivan Vu kovi 1, Stjepan Mišeti 1, Miroslav Steinbauer2, Zlatko
Pletikapi 1
1
Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers, Civil and Architectural Engineering
Department, Environmental Protection and Waste Management Section,
Alexandera
von
Humboldta
4,
Zagreb,
Croatia
(ivan.vuckovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Cerni ka 21, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Development of human society entails increase in water, food and energy
demand and more intensive environmental protection. Considering
contamination risks, water is one of particularly sensitive segments of the
environment.
Large projects situated in natural setting affect both flora and fauna, but such
impacts could be reduced to minimum if all relevant parameters were taken into
consideration.
Generally, construction and operation of hydropower facilities, as any other
human activity, affect the nature and environment. Today, when the
environmental and nature protection requirements are very strict and highly
limiting, facilities are planned and designed so as to meet all requirements and
limitations. On the other hand, multipurpose hydropower facilities are presently
highlighted as drivers of development, and not only in a populated gravitating
areas, but also of economic and social growth in the greater region. They
should therefore be considered as contributors to sustainable regional
development.
Speaking of the surface water (river) impact, construction of the Osijek
Multipurpose Hydropower System (MHS) is expected to cause certain changes
in the status of water.
The paper describes present status of water at the future Osijek MHS site, and
compares it with presumed future status. It highlights possible changes in water
status considering physicochemical indicators used to monitor water quality
biological elements, and possible changes in composition and structure of the
biological quality elements of water, as well as possible changes in composition
of the biological quality elements that are used, along with the hydrological
quality elements, as descriptors of surface water ecological status.
Keywords: surface water status, Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System,
water status changes
Kriteriji toplinskog optere enja vodotoka
Niko Malbaša1, Veronika Tomac1
1
Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb,
veronika.tomac@ekonerg.hr)
Hrvatska
(niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr,
Sažetak
Jedna od glavnih tema po etnih inicijativa u zaštiti okoliša u 70-tim godinama
prošlog stolje a bili su problemi u vezi s toplinskim optere enjem voda (mora)
uzrokovani naglim porastom broja velikih (uglavnom nuklearnih) elektrana u
SAD-u, a kasnije i u drugim dijelovima svijeta.
U skladu s tim razvijala se postupno i regulativa u vezi sa zaštitom od
toplinskog optere enja temeljena i na vrlo opsežnim i kompleksnim
istraživanjima.
S obzirom da je u to doba Hrvatska skupa sa Slovenijom ve pripremala
izgradnju Nuklearne elektrane Krško, a u planu je bila i druga zajedni ka
elektrana u Hrvatskoj (intenzivno su analizirane lokacije Prevlaka na Savi
nizvodno od Zagreba te Vir na istoimenom otoku) i u nas se problematika
toplinskog optere enja istraživala ve u tim ranim fazama, a postupno se
stvorila i odgovaraju a pozicija u regulativi u vezi s tim.
Me utim, kako se nuklearni program nije nastavio, a u posljednjih tridesetak
godina pušteno je u rad svega nekoliko manjih termoenergetskih objekata
regulativa se na ovom podru ju nije razvijala i danas je ona manjkava i
nepotpuna što može izazvati probleme i nesporazume pri licenciranju objekata
koji se koriste proto nim sustavom hla enja.
U lanku e se dati prikaz glavnih parametara koji se uobi ajeno reguliraju,
opisat e se EU praksa i regulativa u vezi s ovim problemom, dati prikaz stanja
na doma im termoelektranama te argumentirani prijedlog kriterija prilago en
našim specifi nim uvjetima. Prezentirat e se i mogu e osnovne mjere zaštite
okoliša u vezi s toplinskim optere enjem.
lanak e pomo i u rješavanju problema zaštite okoliša u studijama o utjecaju
na okoliš u kojima se pojavljuje problem toplinskog optere enja vodotoka.
Klju ne rije i: proto ni rashladni sustavi, kriteriji toplinskog optere enja,
termoelektrane, utjecaj rashladnih sustava na okoliš
Thermal pollution criteria
Niko Malbaša1, Veronika Tomac1
1
Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb,
veronika.tomac@ekonerg.hr)
Croatia
(niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr,
Abstract
One of the main subjects of initial environmental protection initiatives in the
70’s were issues related to the river (sea) thermal pollution caused by a sudden
increase of large (mostly nuclear) power plants in the USA, later in other parts
of the world as well.
Accordingly, regulations related to thermal pollution has been developed
gradually, based on quite detailed and complex research.
During the seventies Croatia had already prepared a construction of Nuclear
Power Plant Krško with Slovenia and another common power plant in Croatia
was planned (locations of Prevlaka on the Sava river downstream from Zagreb
and Vir on the island of Vir were intensely analysed), so thermal pollution issue
had already been researched in these early phases and gradually a certain status
in regulations has been created as well.
However, as nuclear programme was not continued and in the last thirty years
only several smaller thermal power plants were started up, regulations in this
field were not developed and as such it is insufficient and incomplete, which
may cause problems and misunderstandings when licensing the plants using
once-through cooling system.
This paper will indicate an overview of main parameters usually regulated, it
will describe the EU practice and regulations related to this issue, it will
indicate a state overview of local thermal power plants and argued proposal of
criteria adjusted to our specific conditions. Possible basic environmental
protection measures related to the thermal pollution will be presented as well.
The article will help in preparing the environmental impact assessment in
environmental impact studies where the problem with thermal pollution exists.
Keywords: once-through cooling systems, thermal pollution criteria, thermal
power plants, cooling system environmental impact
Zaštita i upravljanje tlom u EU i njeni u inci na procjenu
utjecaja na okoliš u Hrvatskoj
Ivan Pilaš
Hrvatski šumarski institut, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Hrvatska
(ivanp@sumins.hr)
Sažetak
Tlo predstavlja jednu od okolišnih sastavnica ija je zaštita propisana Zakonom
o zaštiti okoliša te drugim zakonskim regulativama. Cilj procjene u inaka na
okoliš je u utvr ivanju obima, ja ine i trajanja razmatranog u inka na tlo kao i
na ostale okolišne sastavnice. Nakon pristupanja Republike Hrvatske u EU,
procjena utjecaja na okoliš treba uklju iti sve potrebne mjere zaštite tla i
postupke koji su propisani razli itim okolišnim direktivama EU. Jedan od
nedostataka zaštite tla u EU je nepostojanje jedinstvene zakonske osnove koja
bi sveobuhvatno na jednom mjestu propisala sve potrebne mjere zaštite.
Nedavna rasprava vezana uz zaštitu tla u EU imala je svoje polazište u
Tematskoj strategiji o zaštiti tla u EU, donesenoj 2006. god. i Prijedlogu za
okvirnu direktivu o tlu za koju, do danas, nije postignut zajedni ki dogovor
izme u zemalja lanica. Posredno me utim, zaštita tla je uklju ena u više
okvirnih direktiva EU kao EU direktiva o otpadu, Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama i
Direktivi o okolišnoj odgovornosti. Jedan od najneposrednijih pomaka spram
reguliranja zaštite tla predstavlja EU direktiva o industrijskim emisijama (IED)
koja zahtjeva isho enje okolišnih dozvola za postrojenja u kojima su propisani
zahtjevi za periodi ko pra enje (monitoring) tla i podzemnih voda (svakih 10
odnosno 5 godina). IED zahtjeva izradu izvješ a o nultom stanju one iš enosti
tla i podzemnih voda (baseline report) prije neposrednog pokretanja instalacija.
Nakon zatvaranja pogona, stanje one iš enosti tla i podzemnih voda se mora
ponovno analizirati i u slu aju zna ajnijeg odmaka u odnosu na nulto stanje
(zna ajnog one iš enja tla) moraju se provesti neophodne mjere remedijacije.
Puna implementacija IED-a zahtijeva i adaptaciju dosadašnjih mjera unutar
PUO te izgradnju kompletnog sustava upravljanja one iš enim tlom u
Hrvatskoj.
Klju ne rije i: One iš enje tla, Direktiva o industrijskim emisijama (IED),
procjena utjecaja na okoliš, monitoring tla, remedijacija
Soil protection and management in EU and consequences on
environmental impact assessments in Croatia
Ivan Pilaš
Croatian Forest Research Institute - Hrvatski šumarski institut HŠI, Cvjetno
naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia (ivanp@sumins.hr)
Abstract
Soil is an environmental component whose protection is obligatory by the
Croatian Environmental Protection Act and other regulations. The aim of EIA
is to assess the spreading, intensity and duration of the respective impact on
soils together with other environmental components. One of the drawbacks of
soil protection in EU and Croatia, in respect to other components such as air, is
the unavailability of integrated legislation in respect to soils. Recent discussions
in EU regarding soil protection was formulated in EU thematic strategy on soil
protection, published in 2006 and in Proposal for Soil Framework Directive for
which, up to the present, no common agreement within parties has been
reached. However, soil protection was indirectly included in many other EU
directives such as EU Waste Framework directive, EU Water Framework
directive and EU Directive on Environmental Liability. One of the most
straightforward steps towards regulation of soil protection presents EU
Directive on Industrial Emissions (IED) which requires issuing permits for
respective industrial installations in which requirements for periodic soil and
groundwater monitoring (every 10 and 5 year respectively) are obligatory. IED
also prescribes the production of a baseliner report before starting operation of
an installation, consisting of available existing information on soil and
groundwater measurements. After the site cessation, the state of soil and
groundwater contamination must be assessed and compared to the baseliner
report and in case of significant pollution, the owner should undertake
remediation measures. These new measures within IED shall require adaptation
of EIA procedures and the implementation of a new soil management system in
Croatia which is presented in this work.
Keywords: Soil pollution, Industrial emissions directive (IED), Environmental
impact assessment (EIA), soil monitoring, remediation
Utjecaj golf terena na agroekosustav
Martina Lipovš ak1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli
3
1
Ivana Mžurani a 3, Sisak, Hrvatska
Geotehni ki fakultet Sveu ilišta u Zagrebu, Hallerova aleja 7, Varaždin,
Hrvatska
3
Eko invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska
2
Sažetak
Travnate površine golf igrališta imaju svoju posebnu funkciju.Tratina oko rupe
ili green je kratko pokošena trava na relativno ravnoj i glatkoj zemlji oko rupe,
kako bi igra i mogli izvoditi precizne udarce. Tratinaoko rupe je obi no
okružena nešto višom travom, te neure enom površinom (rough). Viša trava
izme u tratine i nekošenog podru ja naziva se fringe i služi za usporavanje i
zaustavljanje loptica koje se kre u po tratini oko rupe od approach ili krivo
upu enog udarca, te ih spre ava da iza e s green-a. Sve ove travnate površine
zahtijevaju posebnu njegu i tretman gnojivima i sredstavima za zaštitu bilja.
Tijekom postupka Procjene utjecaja na okoliš golf terena, posebna pažnja
javnosti i stru njaka posve uje se utjecaju uporabe gnojiva i sredstava za zaštitu
bilja na okoliš i to na tlo te površinske i podzemne vode.Zbog toga je u ovome
radu razmatran utjecaj golf terena na okoliš, posebice na agroekosustav,
tijekom korištenja i održavanja travnatih površina uporabom gnojiva i sredstava
za zaštitu bilja. Radi usporedbe, odgovaraju a istraživanja obavljena su i za
uzgoj odabranih poljoprivrednih kultura koje tako er zahtjevaju primjenu
gnojiva i sredstva za zaštitu bilja.
Dobiveni rezultati doprinose objektivnijoj ocjeni utjecaja golf igrališta na
agroekosustav (tako i na podzemne vode) u odnosu na pretpostavljeni uzgoj
poljoprivrednih kultura na istoj lokaciji.
Klju ne rije i: golf igrališta, aroekosustav, utjecaj, poljoprivredne kulture,
okoliš
Impact of Golf Courses on Agroecosystem
Martina Lipovš ak1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli
3
1
Ivana Mažurani a 3, Sisak, Croatia
University of ZagrebuFaculty of Geotechnics, Hallerova aleja 7, Varaždin,
Croatia
3
Eko invest ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia
2
Abstract
Golf course surfaces have their special functions. The green, is an area of very
closely trimmed grass on relatively even, smooth ground surrounding the hole,
allowing players to make precision strokes on it. The green is typically
surrounded by slightly higher grass, and then by rough. This longer grass
between the green and rough is known as the fringe and is designed to slow and
stop balls rolling along the green from an approach shot or errant putt,
preventing them from exiting the green.all the grass surfaces require special
treatment and use of fertilizers and plant protection agents.
During Environmental Impact Assessments of Golf Courses, both the public
and the experts are particularly focused on impacts of fertilizers and plant
protection products on the environment, namely the soil and surface and
groundwater. The paper therefore deals with the impact of golf courses on the
environment, and agroecosystems in particular, through extensive usage and
maintenance of grass surfaces, use of fertilizers and plant protection products.
For comparison purposes, appropriate research was also conducted for
production of crops which also require application of fertilizers and crop
protection agents.
The obtained results contribute to a more objective impact assessment of golf
courses on agroecosystem (groundwater in extension), as compared to
thepotential crop production at the same location.
Keywords: golf courses, agroecosystem, crops, environment
Centar za gospodarenje otpadom Zadarske županije: utjecaji
na okoliš i mjere zaštite
Antun Schaller1, Indira Juratek1
APO d.o.o. usluge zaštite okoliša – lan HEP grupe, Savska cesta 41, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (antun.schaller@apo.hr)
Sažetak
„Centar za gospodarenje otpadom Zadarske županije“ planiran je na lokaciji
napuštenih kamenoloma „Busišta“ u podru ju Grada Benkovca kod naselja
Donje Biljane. Lokacija je udaljena oko 20 km od Benkovca na jugoistoku i
Zadra na zapadu. Suglasno važe oj regulativi i planskim dokumentima, Centar
e predstavljati jezgru sustava gospodarenja otpadom Zadarske županije. Zbog
primjene koncepta obrade zaprimljenog komunalnog i neopasnog proizvodnog
otpada s ciljem iskorištenja sekundarnih sirovina u tvarnom i energetskom
smislu, Centar e imati karakter modernog industrijskog pogona. Rad Centra
temeljit e se na postrojenju za mehani ko-biološku obradu.
S obzirom na postoje a svojstva terena (vodopropusnost karbonatnih stijena),
relevantna meteorološko-klimatološka obilježja (vjetar, oborina) i karakter
planiranog zahvata, u lanku se detaljnije razmatraju mogu i utjecaji Centra na
sastavnice okoliša (tlo, vode, zrak) te specifi ni utjecaji poput buke, vibracija i
neugodnih mirisa. Suglasno tome, obrazlažu se i odgovaraju e mjere zaštite
okoliša i zdravlja ljudi, i to kako one gra evinsko-strukturnog karaktera
(inženjerske barijere, stanje podtlaka, vodena zavjesa i sl.) tako i operativne
mjere spre avanja one iš enja okoliša tijekom korištenja zahvata.
Odgovaraju a pozornost poklonit e se mjerama zaštite okoliša u slu aju
akcidentalnih stanja te mjerama koje e se primjenjivati nakon završetka
korištenja zahvata.
Klju ne rije i: okoliš, otpad, utjecaji, mjere
Waste Management Centre of the County of Zadar:
Environmental Impacts and Environmental Protection
Measures
Antun Schaller1, Indira Juratek1
APO Ltd. Environmental Services – Member of HEP Group, Savska cesta 41,
Zagreb, Croatia (antun.schaller@apo.hr)
Abstract
„Waste Management Centre of the County of Zadar“ is planned on the site of
abandoned quarries close to Donje Biljane (Town of Benkovac). The site is
some 20 km distant to both Zadar (direction west) and Benkovac (direction
south-east). In accordance with actual regulations and plans, the Centre is
conceived as the core of the planned waste management system in the County
of Zadar. Since the received waste is, due to recycling, supposed to be
appropriately treated on the site, the Centre will present a modern industrial
facility. The most of municipal and non-hazardous industrial waste received
from the entire territory of the County of Zadar will be subdued to mechanicalbiological treatment to produce useful secondary raw materials and/or energy.
With respect to the site characteristics (high permeability of prevailing
limestones and dolomites), essential meteorological-climatic features (wind,
precipitation) and the nature of the Centre itself, the article will cover possible
environmental impacts of the Centre, including also noise, vibrations and
odours. Respective environmental protection and human health preservation
measures will be also elaborated. They encompass both constructional
(engineering barriers, state of underpressure, water screen etc.) and operative
protective actions to be undertaken during the period of the Centre operation.
Environmental protection measures in emergency situations and in post-closure
period, will also be taken into consideration.
Keywords: environment, waste, impacts, measures
Environmental Impact Assessment of Metallurgical Waste:
Trepça case study in Kosovo
Mihone Kerolli-Mustafa1, Violeta Lajqi-Makolli2, Letafete Latifi3
1
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology,
Maruli ev trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia (mihone_k@hotmail.com)
2
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning Republic of Kosovo, Prishtina,
Republic of Kosovo
3
Hydro meteorological Institute of Kosovo, Prishtina , Republic of Kosovo
Abstract
Kosovo mining operations played very significant role during the past two
decades. These activities cover a range of diverse environmental impact in
water quality, soil, air, toxins in tailing damps and other components. The issue
of environment protection has never been treated and regulated before in
systematic manner. Trepça mining possess a serious public health problem due
to lack of proper waste management, uncontained tailing damps and lack of
facilities for treating metallurgical waste. Discharging from open tailing damps,
eroding, contaminated buildings are found to be the main source of
contamination of air, soil and water in Mitrovica region were the Trepça mine
is located. This study addressed the current situation of metallurgical waste in
Trepça. It has found a number of areas were remediation actions need to be
taken in order to reduce the health hazard of community leaving there and
increase the regional socio-economic stability. The Environmental Impact
Assessment was undertaken to assess the human, environmental and socioeconomical parameters of the environment surrounding Trepça complex area.
Keywords: metallurgical waste, environmental contamination, remediation
actions, environmental impact assessment.
Oporaba otpada iz TE Plomin C-500
Nirvana Frankovi Mihelj1, Vladimir Jelavi 2, Juraj Šipuši
3
1
Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku u inkovitost, Ksaver 208, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (nirvana.fm@fzoeu.hr)
2
Ekonerg – Institut za energetiku i zaštitu okoliša, Koranska ulica 5, Zagreb,
Hrvatska
3
Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije,
Maruli ev trg 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Studija o utjecaju na okoliš zahvata rekonstrukcije TE Plomin – zamjena
postoje eg bloka 1 s blokom C u cilju modernizacije i pove anja kapaciteta
(SUO TEP C), predvi a da otpad nastao u procesu izgaranja ugljena te pri
pro iš avanju dimnih plinova treba što je mogu e više oporabiti u proizvodnji
cementa, betona i/ili koristiti za ostale namjene, a samo višak trajno zbrinuti na
odlagalištu nusproizvoda u Plominu. U SUO TEP C obra ena je mogu a
upotreba nusproizvoda šljake, pepela i gipsa u proizvodnji portland cementa, te
provedena analiza postoje ih i budu ih potreba doma e cementne industrije.
U ovom radu istražena je dodatna mogu nost materijalne oporabe šljake, pepela
i otpadnog gipsa, glavnih nusproizvoda iz TE Plomin, u proizvodnji kalcij
sulfoaluminatnog cementa (CSAC), hidratnog veziva koji se može koristiti
umjesto portland cementa (PC).
Metodom rendgenske difrakcije (XRD) odre en je kvalitativni mineraloški
sastav pripravljenog veziva, te je odre ena savojna i tla na vrsto a morta
CSAC. Na temelju bilance tvari i energije procesa proizvodnje CSAC i PC
ustanovljeno je da proizvodnja 1 t CSAC zahtijeva oko 0,60 t manje sirovina,
dok je popratna emisija CO2 iz sirovina i goriva manja za 0,31 do 0,48 t. Na
osnovi rezultata istraživanja slijedi da je proizvodnja CSAC iz proizvodnih
otpadnih materijala TE Plomin mogu a, a ujedno se na taj na in zbrinjava
velika koli ina otpada na održivi na in.
Klju ne rije i: kalcij sulfoaluminatni cement, TE Plomin C-500, zbrinjavanje
otpada, ložišni pepeo, otpadni gips
Reuse of waste from power plant Plomin C-500
Nirvana Frankovi Mihelj1, Vladimir Jelavi 2, Juraj Šipuši
3
1
Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund, Ksaver 208, Zagreb,
Croatia (nirvana.fm@fzoeu.hr)
2
Ekonerg – Institute for Energy and Environment, Koranska street 5, Zagreb,
Croatia
3
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology,
Maruli ev trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The waste generated in the combustion process of coal and gypsum formed by
purification of flue gases are considered/foreseen to have great environmental
impact during the work of Power Plant Plomin C. It is thus advised, based on
the documented Study, to reuse as much is possible of these materials, possibly
in the production of cement, concrete and/or used for other purposes.
Croatian cement plants produce Portland cement (PC), which consumes huge
amount of raw materials and fossil fuels, contributing significantly to the
overall anthropogenic CO2 emission. Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAC)
is a relatively new type of binder that can be used instead of PC and its
production significantly reduces energy consumption (low-energy) and CO2
emissions.
In this paper, the potential benefits offered by CSAC production from the
bottom ash and gypsum generated in the process of wet flue-gas desulfurisation
of thermal plant Plomin are outlined. Qualitative mineral composition of CSAC
had been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and mass fraction of
Klein’s compound (the principal hydraulic mineral) had been determined by
quantitative XRD. Rate of heat generation during hydration of CSAC prepared
had been determined by microcalorimetry. Volume stability, compressive and
flexural strength of standard size specimens had been determined. In
conclusion, CSAC production offers an alternative and feasible way of
industrial waste minimization.
Keywords: calcium sulfoaluminate cement, Power Plant Plomin C-500, waste
minimization, bottom ash, waste gypsum
Zbrinjavanje muljeva s ure aja za pro iš avanje otpadnih
voda
Koni argonja-Reicher1, Luka Goja1, Alan Kerekovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(koni.cargonja-reicher@elektroprojekt.hr)
Sažetak
U Republici Hrvatskoj bi sukladno planu provedbe vodno-komunalnih
direktiva do 2023. godine trebalo izgraditi oko 290 novih ure aja za
pro iš avanje. Jedan od koraka na putu realizacije navedenih objekata je
postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš, kao regulatorna mjera propisivanja mjera
zaštite okoliša. U do sada provedenim postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš
ure aja za pro iš avanje otpadnih voda, uo ena je problematika oko
utvr ivanja mjera vezanih uz zbrinjavanje muljeva s ure aja, a koja je
posljedica sustavnog zanemarivanja problema otpadnih muljeva koji nastaju u
radu ovih ure aja. Namjera je ukazati na manjkavost postoje e zakonske
regulative te programa i planova kojima se regulira podru je zaštite voda,
zaštite okoliša i gospodarenja otpadom, kao i ukazati na uzroke zate enog
pristupa. Zaklju no predlaže se postupni prijelaz ka reguliranim uvjetima kako
za budu e tako i za postoje e ure aje.
Klju ne rije i: zbrinjavanje muljeva, regulativa, regulirani uvjeti
Management of Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants
Koni argonja-Reicher1, Luka Goja1, Alan Kerekovi
1
1
Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4,
Zagreb, Croatia (koni.cargonja-reicher@elektroprojekt.hr)
Abstract
According to the Implementation plan for water utility directives, 290 new
waste water treatment plants should be constructed by 2023 in the Republic of
Croatia. One of the steps towards realization of these projects is the
environmental impact assessment procedure as a regulatory measure for
appointing environmental protection measures. In the environmental impact
assessments implemented up till now for waste water treatment projects, the
problem of appointing measures related to sludge management arises, and
which is a result of systematic neglection of the problem of sludge created in
the operation of the plants. The intention is to point out the deficiency of the
legislation and well as plans and programs through which the area of water
protection, environmental protection and waste management are regulated as
well as indicate the reasons behind pre-existing approach. In conclusion,
recommended is a gradual transition towards regulated conditions for the
planned as well as existing treatment plans.
Keywords: sludge management, legislation, regulated conditions
Estimation of Impacts Waste Gases May Have on Air and
Possibilities of Their Treatment During the Mechanical Waste
Water Treatment Process
Marijana Bakula1, Gordan Golja1, Vjeran Magjarevi
1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (marijana.bakula@dvokutecro.hr, gordan.golja@dvokut-ecro.hr, vjeran.magjarevic@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
In Croatia, as part of harmonizing with the EU regulations, a great number of
communal waste water treatment plants have to be constructed in coming years.
Pursuant to the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (OG 064/08
and 67/09), screening is mandatory for facilities with capacities larger than
10.000 PE and Environmental Impact Assessment for facilities with capacities
exceeding 50.000 PE. The problem of determining the quantity of produced
waste gases and defining measures for prevention of their adverse impact on
the environment is always present in the environmental impact assessment
process.
A problem with unpleasant odour on aerobic waste water treatment plants
occurs primarily in the mechanical treatment of waste water and in sludge
processing and treatment. This paper deals with the generation and treatment of
waste gases in mechanical waste water treatment and analyses advantages and
disadvantages of the currently most common methods of waste gases treatment.
This paper, inter alia, presents a methodology for calculating the quantity of
hydrogen sulphide as the most significant cause of unpleasant odours, the
mechanism of their creation and also presents the most frequently applied
practical techniques for the reduction of waste gases.
Keywords: treatment of waste gases, waste water treatment system, mechanical
wastewater treatment
Krajobrazna osnova i smjernice za procjenu utjecaja zahvata
na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke – podloge za u inkovitu
procjenu
Mirjana Mar eni 1, Marta Brki 1, Ivan Juratek1
1
Dvokut
ECRO
d.o.o.,
Trnjanska
37,
Zagreb,
(mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr,
ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Procjena utjecaja na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke sastoji se od kombinacije
objektivno interpretiranih podataka i subjektivnih prosudbi zbog ega je
potreban strukturiran i cjelovit metodološki pristup.
Raš lamba šireg i užeg podru ja krajobraza na sastavne elemente i definiranje
vizualnih i strukturnih zna ajki omogu uju podlogu za odre ivanje specifi nih
zna ajki krajobraza i elemenata krajobrazne strukture. Za potrebe u inkovite
procjene utjecaja zahvata na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke i njihove zaštite
potrebno je izraditi sustavnu krajobraznu osnovu na razini države koja definira
obilježja krajobraza, njegove vrijednosti i osjetljivost što u razvojnim
procesima omogu uje uskla ivanje razvojnih i zaštitnih interesa.
Definiranjem me uodnosa elemenata krajobraza i odnosa s planiranim
zahvatom omogu uje se izrada analiza utjecaja zahvata na vizualne elemente
krajobraza, osjetljivosti krajobraznih uzoraka na planirane promjene, vizualne
izloženosti zahvata i poželjnosti vizura. U razvojnim projektima zaštita
krajobraza bitan je dio procjene utjecaja na okoliš te bi s toga gledišta bilo bitno
izraditi smjernice za procjenu utjecaja na krajobraz i vizualne zna ajke koje bi
pridonijele konzistentnosti, kredibiliteti i u inkovitosti zaštite krajobraza.
Klju ne rije i: krajobrazna osnova, procjena utjecaja, smjernice, zaštita
krajobraza, vizualni utjecaj
Landscape basis and guidelines for landscape and visual
assessment – ground for effective assessment
Mirjana Mar eni 1, Marta Brki 1, Ivan Juratek1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.mestric@dvokutecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
Landscape and visual impact assessment includes a combination of objective
and subjective judgments and therefore structured and consistent approach in
methodology is necessary.
Analysis of landscape into its elements and defining visual and structural
features, create a basis for determination of specific landscape features and
elements of landscape structure. For the purpose of effective landscape and
visual impact assessment and their protection it is necessary to develop a
systematic landscape basis on the state level which would define the landscape
characteristics, its values and sensitivity which would in development process
enable harmonization of development and protection interests.
Definition of the interrelationships between landscape elements and relations
with the planned intervention, enables analysis of impacts on visual elements of
landscape, sensitivity of landscape patterns on the planned changes, visual
exposure of interventions and desirability of views. In development projects,
the protection of the landscape is an important part of environmental impact
assessment and from that point of view it would be important to prepare
guidelines for landscape and visual impact assessment that would contribute to
consistency, credibility and effectiveness of landscape protection.
Keywords: landscape basis, impact assessment, guidlines, landscape protection,
visual impact
Studije vizualnih promjena u krajobrazu planiranom
izgradnjom
Sonja Jurkovi
Arhitektonski fakultet, Sveu ilišta u Zagrebu, Ka
(sjurko@arhitekt.hr)
eva 26, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
U okviru Procjena utjecaja na okoliš, jedna od vrlo važnih, a esto zanemarenih
uloga, je Studija vizualnih promjena koje su posljedica intervencija u prostoru.
I onda kada se takve studije izra uju, njihov utjecaj na procjenu opravdanosti
nekih intervencija u prostoru su minimalne. Zanemarivanje tog segmenta
istraživanja je posljedica ne shva anja koliko bi se takvim studijama moglo
poboljšati o uvanje kvalitete uklapanja u prostor. Uvažavanje argumenata
zaštite vrijednih vizura doprinosilo bi uvanju identiteta nekog prostora. Takve
su studije neophodne naro ito ako se radi o zanimljivim krajolicima koji su
resurs turisti ke ponude.
Cilj rada je da se pokaže kako se zbog zanemarivanja vizualnih promjena gubi
doživljajna vrijednost prostora. Istražuje se razne metode koje se koriste u
studijama, te pokazuje kako se koriste razni postupci da se opravda izgradnja.
Efikasnost procijenjenih šteta na promijenjenu sliku krajobraza ne može se
mjeriti s agresivnijim ekonomskim argumentima koji obi no prevladavaju u
donošenju odluka. Ne pori i injenicu da je izgradnja nove prometne ili
društvene infrastrukture neophodna, Studije vizualnih utjecaja na planirane
promjene takvom izgradnjom pokazuju, kako bi se umanjile štete vizualnih
promjena, kako bi se one mogle sprije iti ili znatno ublažiti. Pri tom
profesionalna etika stavlja izra iva e studija u ulogu da u svojim postupcima
opravdavaju investitore ni njihov interes, ve objektivizira štete u promijeni
postoje eg vizualnog identiteta prostora.
Klju ne rije i: vizualne analize, utjecaj na krajobraz
Assessment of the Visual Impact of Changes Resulting from
Planned Construction
Sonja Jurkovi
Arhitektonski fakultet University of Zagreb, Ka
(sjurko@arhitekt.hr)
eva 26, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The role of the assessment of the visual impact of changes which are the
consequence of interventions in space is very important, though often
neglected. As a consequence, when such studies are developed, their influence
on the estimation of the justifiability of some interventions in space is minimal.
Neglecting them is the lack of understanding of the level to which the
application of such studies could improve the preservation of the quality of
incorporation into space. The appreciation of arguments regarding the
protection of valuable sights would contribute to the maintenance of a space’s
identity. Such studies are essential, especially in case of interesting landscapes
which constitute resources for tourism offerings.
The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how neglecting visual changes can lead
to losses in the experiential value of space. The paper investigates various
methods used in such studies and shows the use of various procedures in order
to justify construction. The arguments regarding the impact of estimated
damage resulting from changes in the landscape cannot measure up to the more
aggressive economic arguments which are usually dominant in decisionmaking. Without denying the fact that the new constructions are indispensable,
the assessment of visual impact on planned changes, which would be the
consequence of such constructions, shows how the damage from visual changes
could be mitigated, prevented, or significantly decreased. In doing so,
professional ethics does not allow the authors of such assessments to justify
investors’ interests in the course of such processes; it rather objectivises the
damage caused by changes to the existing visual identity of a space.
Keywords: Visual analysis, Impact on Landscape
Važnost vrednovanja ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza u
procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – primjer vjetroelektrana
Vesna Koš ak Mio
- Stoši 1, Dora Tomi 1, Petra Perekovi 1,
Sonja Butula1
1
Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (vkoscak@agr.hr)
Sažetak
U postoje im postupcima prostornog planiranja i zaštite okoliša nisu jasno
odre eni instrumenti i metode uskla ivanja razvojnih i zaštitno-okolišnih
aspekata prilikom lociranja zahvata. U postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš
uglavnom se ocjenjuju utjecaji tehni ko-tehnoloških a ne prostornih rješenja
zahvata.
Studija o utjecaju na okoliš ocjenjuje prihvatljivost zahvata na odre enoj
lokaciji, predloženog uglavnom jednim idejnim rješenjem. U daljnjoj razradi
projektne dokumentacije ono je podložno promjenama bez mogu nosti provjere
prihvatljivosti istih s aspekta zaštite okoliša. Zato Idejno rješenje treba
predložiti više varijanti koje e razmatrati prostorne mogu nosti lociranja
pojedinih sastavnica zahvata.
Vrednovanjem ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza obzirom na potencijalni utjecaj
zahvata, ukazuje se na više ili manje ranjiva podru ja, te se otvara mogu nost
predlaganja više prostornih varijanti zahvata unutar lokacije. Studija o utjecaju
na okoliš tada bi, nakon provjere prihvatljivosti varijantnih rješenja, imala
mogu nost odabrati najprihvatljiviju izme u varijanti koje su ve uzele u obzir
razvojne i zaštitne zahtjeve.
Ukoliko Idejnim rješenjem nisu predložene prostorne varijante zahvata,
Studijom ne može biti razmatran i ocijenjen njihov utjecaj. Studija bi tada
trebala odrediti mjeru kojom se obvezuje primjena instrumenta, vrednovanja
ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza tijekom izrade idejnog projekta.
Postupak e biti prikazan na primjeru vjetroelektrana.
Klju ne rije i: idejno rješenje, vrednovanje krajobraza, idejni projekt,
vjetroelektrana
The Importance of Landscape Vulnerability Evaluation
within Environmental Impact Assessment – The example of
wind farms
Vesna Koš ak Mio
- Stoši 1, Dora Tomi 1, Petra Perekovi 1,
Sonja Butula1
1
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb,
Croatia (vkoscak@agr.hr)
Abstract
The instruments and the methods of harmonizing development and
conservation aspects within site selection process are not clearly defined in the
existing environmental protection and spatial planning procedures.
Environmental impact assessment usually evaluates impacts of technological
solutions rather than spatial ones.
Environmental Impact Study (EIS) assesses the acceptability of specific
intervention proposed on a specific site, usually by single Preliminary design.
In further development of project documentation it is subject to change without
possibility for evaluating environmental protection aspects of those changes.
Hence, the Preliminary design has to propose several alternatives which would
consider spatial aspects of intervention’s elements within the site selection
process.
Evaluating the vulnerability of landscape qualities, in relation to potential
influence of intervention, points to more or less vulnerable areas within the site.
Moreover, it opens up the possibility of proposing several spatial alternatives of
the intervention within the site. After verifying the acceptability of alternative
spatial solutions, an EIS would have an opportunity to select the most
acceptable alternative between ones which have already taken into account
development and conservation requirements.
If development alternatives were not proposed by Preliminary design, their
impacts cannot be evaluated nor taken into consideration within an EIS. An EIS
should then determine measure requiring instrument of landscape qualities
evaluation, to be prepared within Preliminary project.
This procedure will be presented on the example of wind farm.
Keywords: preliminary design, landscape evaluation, wind farm, preliminary
project
Metoda procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja
vjetroelektrana na krajobraz
Tena Birov1, Sun ana Rapi
1,2
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (tbirov@oikon.hr)
2
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Svrha procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja je procijeniti, vizualno
predo iti i opisati mogu e utjecaje predložene vjetroelektrane (VE) koji bi
mogli nastati kad se taj zahvat promatra zajedno s drugim, izgra enim ili
planiranim VE. U dosadašnjoj praksi u Hrvatskoj, analize kumulativnog
vizualnog utjecaja na krajobraz su izra ivane samo na lokalnoj razini, odnosno
u sklopu nekoliko postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO). Pritom su
izgra ene VE obuhva ene kao element promatranog krajobraza, dok su
planirane VE obra ene samo u slu ajevima kada je više lokacija za VE
promatrano unutar jednog postupka PUO ili je više lokacija jednog investitora
razdvojeno na više uzastopnih postupaka PUO.
U radu je predstavljena metoda procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja
nekoliko planiranih VE. Metoda je obuhvatila izradu teorijske vidljivosti svake
planirane VE u okviru rasterskog geoinformacijskog sustava (na bazi digitalnog
modela terena), preklapanje prostornih razdioba teorijske vidljivosti za
pojedina ne VE i tabli no predo avanje potencijalne vidljivosti više VE iz
okolnih naselja. Metoda se može koristiti i za procjenu kumulativnog vizualnog
utjecaja postoje ih i planiranih VE, što zbog rastu eg broja izgra enih
vjetroelektrana predstavlja potencijal za njezinu upotrebu u Studijama utjecaja
na okoliš (SUO), ali i u krajobraznim analizama strateških procjena utjecaja
vjetroelektrana na okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: vjetroelektrana, kumulativni vizualni utjecaj, teorijska
vidljivost, raster-GIS, DEM
The method of cumulative visual impact assessment of wind
farms on landscape
Tena Birov1, Sun ana Rapi
1,2
1
Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (tbirov@oikon.hr)
2
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The purpose of cumulative visual impact assessment is to evaluate, visually
present and describe the potential impacts of the proposed wind farm (WF) that
could arise when the intervention is observed along with other, built or planned
WF. So far in Croatia, cumulative visual impact assessments on the landscape
have been made only at a local level, i.e. as a part of a few procedures of
environmental impact assessment (EIA). In these procedures, built WF were
included as an element of the observed landscape, while the planned WF were
covered only in cases where multiple locations for WF were considered within
one EIA procedure or multiple locations proposed by one investor were
allocated to several consecutive EIA procedures.
This paper presents the method for estimating the cumulative visual impact of
several planned WF. This method included development of theoretical visibility
of each planned WF within the raster geo-information system (based on a
digital terrain model), overlapping spatial distribution of theoretical visibility
for individual WF, and tabular presentation of the potential visibility of more
wind turbines from surrounding settlements. Moreover, the method can be used
for cumulative visual impact assessment of the existing and planned WF which
has, due to the growing number of built WF, potential use in environmental
impact studies, but also in landscape analysis for strategic environmental
impact assessment of WF.
Keywords: wind farm, cumulative visual impact, theoretical visibility, rasterGIS, DTM
Towards rational and bird-friendly EIA guidelines for wind
energy projects: critical review of existent practices
Krešimir Mikuli
Association BIOM, Biankinijeva 12b, Zagreb, Croatia
(kresimir.mikulic@biom.hr)
Abstract
Misplaced wind farms pose a major threat to birds which may be negatively
affected by wind turbines due to fatal collisions. According to the OIEKPP
Register, in addition to 9 existent wind farms, there are plans to construct more
than 80 wind farms along the Croatian coast. However, this area is the major
breeding area of several endangered raptor species that show high probabilities
of collisions with wind turbines. Hence, proper spatial planning and sound
guidance documents for environmental impact assessments (EIA) are needed in
order to minimize negative effects of wind farms on the environment and
biodiversity.
I compared two relevant Croatian guidance documents (1) Smjernice za izradu
studija utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate vjetroelektrana and (2) Valorizacija
biološke raznolikosti podru ja Dalmacije i okvirna procjena prihvatljivosti za
izgradnju vjetroelektrana with the EU Guidance document on wind energy
development in accordance with the EU nature legislation issued by the
European Commission. Moreover, I analysed two “case-EIAs” that did approve
the construction of wind farms within designated Special Protection Areas
(SPA) and that have been endorsed by the competent Ministry.
On the one hand the Croatian guidance documents recommend comprehensive
field surveys, but on the other hand they fail to prioritize research efforts for
bird species according to their collision risk. In addition, they short come to
define flyover observations of birds as compulsory. The analysis of the two
case EIAs revealed that neither the Croatian nor the European Guidelines have
been applied properly resulting in that both EIAs failed to substantially assess
potential impacts on sensitive bird species. The results clearly emphasize the
need for legally binding national guidance documents that are in compliance
with EU standards.
Keywords: wind farm, EIA, guidance documents, Croatia, SPA
Prema razumnim i zaštiti ptica primjerenim smjernicama za
izradu SUO za zahvate vjetroelektrana: kriti ki osvrt na
postoje u praksu
Krešimir Mikuli
Udruga BIOM, Biankinijeva 12b, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(kresimir.mikulic@biom.hr)
Sažetak
Krivo postavljene vjetroelektrane predstavljaju ozbiljan razlog ugroženosti za
ptice zbog mogu ih smrtonosnih kolizija. Prema Registru OIEKPP postoje
planovi za izgradnju daljnjih 80ak vjetroelektrana duž obale uz 9 ve
postoje ih. Me utim, obalno podru je je glavno podru je gnijež enja
ugroženih vrsta grabljivica koje imaju najve i rizik stradavanja na
vjetroagregatima. Tako da su pomno prostorno planiranje te primjerene
smjernice za izradu studija utjecaja na okoliš (SUO) neophodne kako bi se
smanjio negativan utjecaj vjetroelektrana na okoliš i bioraznolikost.
Usporedio sam dva nacionalna dokumenta (1) Smjernice za izradu studija
utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate vjetroelektrana i (2) Valorizacija biološke
raznolikosti podru ja Dalmacije i okvirna procjena prihvatljivosti za izgradnju
vjetroelektrana sa smjernicama izdanim od Europske Komisije: EU Guidance
document on wind energy development in accordance with the EU nature
legislation. Dodatno sam analizirao dva slu aja u kojima su SUO odobrile
zahvat izgradnje vjetroelektrane na Podru jima posebne zaštite (SPA). Za obje
studije je nadležno ministarstvo izdalo povoljno Rješenje.
Obje hrvatske smjernice preporu uju opsežna terenska istraživanja, ali
nedostaje prioritizacija istraživa kog napora u odnosu na vrste ptica i njihovog
potencijala stradavanja. Dodatno, izostavlja se odrednica obvezatnog pra enja
preleta tijekom izrade SUO. Analiza dviju SUO pokazuje da tijekom izrade
nisu uvažene niti hrvatske niti europske smjernice, što je rezultiralo time da u
suštini utjecaj na ptice nije adekvatno procijenjen. Rezultati jasno isti u potrebu
za zakonski obvezuju im smjernicama koje su usuglašene sa standardima EU.
Klju ne rije i: vjetroelektrana, SUO, smjernice, Hrvatska, SPA
Bilanca ugljika za vjetroelektranu u šumi: primjer za VE
Fužine, Hrvatska
Alen Berta1,2, Vladimir Kušan2, Roman Danko3, Dalibor Hati
Oleg Antoni 2,4
1,2
,
1
Pro Silva d.o.o., za gospodarenje šumama, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb
(aberta@oikon.hr)
2
Oikon d.o.o., Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb (vkusan@oikon.hr, oantonic@oikon.hr)
3
CO2cut d.o.o., Opatovina 23, Zagreb
4
Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana
bb, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Vjetroelektrane, kao obnovljivi energetski izvori, mogu se sagledavati kao
ponori ugljika, ukoliko se predvi ena proizvodnja energije dovede u relaciju s
emisijom CO2 elektrane na fosilna goriva pri proizvodnji iste koli ine energije.
S druge strane, u šumskom se ekosustavu CO2 iz atmosfere kroz procese
fotosinteze trajnije veže u drvnoj masi. Stoga se u slu aju izgradnje VE u šumi
može postaviti pitanje (što se i doga a na javnim raspravama u postupku PUO
za VE) kakav je odnos (bilanca ugljika) koristi od VE i šteta od gubitka
šumskog ekosustava, kao i od emisije CO2 tijekom uklanjanja drvne mase te
izgradnje prometnica. U radu se predstavlja primjer za VE Fužine koja je
planirana u podru ju preborne bukovo-jelove šume s visokom prosje nom
drvnom zalihom (252 m3/ha na podru ju trajnog zaposjedanja), pri emu se za
potrebe izgradnje planira sje a cca 17 ha te šume s oko 4.300 m3 drvne mase.
Osim toga, planira se izgradnja 4,2 km novih te proširenje 12,6 km postoje ih
šumskih prometnica. Analizom je izra unato da promatrana šuma godišnje veže
2,60 tC/ha (tj. 9,53 t CO2/ha). Gubitak površine šume i posljedi ni izostanak
vezanja CO2, uz ukupno 6.374 t emitiranog CO2 jednokratno tijekom radova i
kasnijom razgradnjom mrtve organske tvari predstavlja zna ajno manji gubitak
u odnosu na doprinos u smanjenju emisije CO2 radom VE, koji se kre e od
28.077 t do 69.144 t CO2 godišnje (u slu aju supstitucije proizvodnje iz svih
izvora HEP-a ili samo iz termoelektrana).
Klju ne rije i: ponori ugljika, prirast drve a, sje a šume, emisija CO2, radovi
na izgradnji VE
Carbon balance for forest based wind powerplant: WP
Fužine, Croatia
Alen Berta1,2, Vladimir Kušan2, Roman Danko3, Dalibor Hati
Oleg Antoni 2,4
1,2
,
1
Pro Silva ltd, for forest management, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (aberta@oikon.hr)
2
Oikon ltd, Institut for applied ecology, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (vkusan@oikon.hr, oantonic@oikon.hr)
3
CO2cut ltd, Opatovina 23, Zagreb, Croatia
4
J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of biology, Cara Hadrijana
bb, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
Wind powerplants, as renewable energy sources, can be observed as carbon
sinks if anticipated energy production is put in relation with CO2 emission of
fossil-fuel power plant for producing same amount of energy. On the other
hand, forest ecosystem trough photosynthesis is binding atmospheric CO2 in
wood mass. Thus, question relating carbon balance i.e. ratio of benefit from
WP and damages from forest ecosystem loss, as well as CO2 emission during
wood mass removal and building roads, can be made (and is made during
public insights during EIA creation for WP).
In this paper, example for WP Fužine is presented which is planned in area
covered by beech/silver fir forest of uneven age with high average growing
stock (252 m3/ha at permanent occupation area) where clear-cutting of about
17 ha with around 4300 m3 of wood mass would be done. Also, 4.2 km of new
road would be built, and 12.6 km of existing roads would be widened. The
result of this analysis is sequestration of 2.60 tC/ha i.e. 9.53 tCO2/ha annually
by observed forest. The loss of forest area and consequential inability of CO2
sequestration with total of 6,374 t of CO2 emitted, immediately during stated
operations and later by decaying of organic matter is significantly smaller loss
compared with the benefit for reduction of CO2 emission for 28,077 i.e. 69,144
tons of CO2 annually (in case of substitution of production from all HEP
sources i.e. just from thermal powerplant).
Keywords: carbon sink, tree yield, wood cutting, CO2 emission, wind
powerplant building
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš za sun ane elektrane
Ivana Rogulj
HEP ESCO d.o.o.,
(ivana.rogulj@hep.hr)
Ulica
grada
Vukovara
37,
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Za obnovljive izvore energije snage manje od 10 MW nije potrebna procjena
utjecaja na okoliš, dok je za obnovljive izvore ve e snage potrebna ocjena o
potrebi procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Budu i da su u Republici Hrvatskoj
dosadašnji solarni izvori elektri ne energije manji od navedene snage, ne
postoji studija utjecaja na okoliš za niti jednu sun anu elektranu. Istraživanje
prikazuje, bez prethodnih primjera u Hrvatskoj, studiju utjecaja na okoliš
sun ane elektrane, koja može poslužiti i kao primjer za budu e izvedene
fotonaponske elektrane. Opis zahvata provodi se na temelju inženjerske prakse
s implementacijom sun anih elektrana. Opis okoliša proizvodi se pomo u
digitalne orto-foto snimke te dostupnih studija i podataka o lokaciji. Uz pomo
RET Screen alata prora unava se proizvodnja elektri ne energije sustava
pomo u dostupnih koordinata, a time i insolacije. Odre uje se potrebne zahvate
na elektroenergetskoj mreži, za koje se tako er odre uje utjecaj na okoliš.
Definiraju se utjecaji na okoliš, mjere zaštite okoliša te utjecaji na ekološku
mrežu i program pra enja stanja okoliša.
Klju ne rije i: studija utjecaja na okoliš, solarna elektrana, obnovljiva energija
Environmental impact assesment of solar power plants
Ivana Rogulj
HEP ESCO d.o.o.,
(ivana.rogulj@hep.hr)
Ulica
grada
Vukovara
37,
Zagreb,
Croatia
Abstract
There is no need for environmental impact assessment for solar power plants
with less than 10 MW of installed power, for renewable energy plants with
installed power over 10 MW there is an obligation of evaluation of the need for
environmental impact assessment. All solar power plants installed in Croatia
are smaller than 10MW, so there are no environmental impact assessments for
solar power plants in Croatia. The research shows environmental impact study
for exemplary solar power plant. It'll work as a prototype for future power
plants' assessments. The description of the action is carried out based on
engineering practice in solar plants implementation. The description of the
environment is produced using digital ortoimages, studies and available data on
location. Calculation of insolation and production of electrical energy is
implemented with RETScreen tool.
The necessary works on energy
distribution network are described, so that the impact of the works on the
network can also be a part of the study. Impacts on the environment,
environmental protection measures, ecological network impacts and
environmental monitoring program are defined.
Keywords: environmental impact study, solar power plant, renewable energy
SEKCIJA 2 / SECTION 2
PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ /
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
POSTER PREZENTACIJE /
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Makrofiti kao bioindikatori kakvo e teku ica u procjeni
stanja okoliša
Marina Magajne1, Ana ani 1,2, Aleksandar Popija
Mesi 1,2, Tena Birov2, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3
1,2
, Zrinka
1
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (mmagajne@geonatura.hr)
2
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
3
Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Makrofiti esto predstavljaju bitnu sastavnicu slatkovodnih staništa. Stoga
promjene u sastavu i abudanciji svojti koje ine makrofitske zajednice mogu
pružiti važan uvid u aktualno stanje slatkovodnih staništa. Nedavno je izra ena
nacionalna metodologija procjene ekološkog statusa voda, uskla ena sa
smjernicama europske Okvirne direktive o vodama. U sklopu nacionalne
metodologije predložene su dvije metode za procjenu biološke kakvo e
teku ica pomo u makrofita kao bioindikatora: 1) biocenološka metoda i 2)
metoda izra una referentnog indeksa. Procjena aktualnog stanja okoliša
upotrebom navedenih metoda može biti vrijedan izvor informacija za procjenu
mogu ih utjecaja planiranih zahvata na okolna staništa slatkovodnih teku ica,
ali i za predlaganje mjera ublažavanja i programa pra enja stanja (monitoringa).
Nadalje, te metode mogu poslužiti u ranim fazama planiranja zahvata i
rezultirati specifi nim prilagodbama u svrhu ublažavanja utjecaja zahvata na
prirodu i okoliš. Rad prikazuje mogu u prakti nu primjenu procjene biološke
kakvo e teku ica pomo u makrofita na primjerima studije ekološke
revitalizacije i studije ekološki prihvatljivog protoka.
Klju ne rije i: slatkovodna staništa, biocenološka metoda, referentni indeks,
biomonitoring
Macrophyte as bioindicators of running waters quality in
environmental assessment
Marina Magajne1, Ana ani 1,2, Aleksandar Popija
Mesi 1,2, Tena Birov2, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3
1,2
, Zrinka
1
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia
(mmagajne@geonatura.hr)
2
Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia
3
University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
Macrophytes often present important component of freshwater habitats.
Therefore, changes in composition and abundance of taxa forming macrophyte
communities may provide valuable insight into current state of freshwater
habitats. National methodology for assessment of ecological status in waters
has recently been developed, compliant with the requirements of European
Water Framework Directive. National methodology proposes two methods for
assessment of biological quality of running waters based on macrophytes as
bioindicators: 1) biocenological method and 2) reference index calculation
method. Assessment of current state of the environment using those methods
may be valuable source of information for evaluation of likely impacts of
planned construction projects on surrounding lotic freshwater habitats as well
as proposition of mitigation measures and monitoring plan. Moreover, those
methods may be used within early phases of construction project planning,
resulting in specific adjustments in order to mitigate project impacts on nature
and environment. This work presents possible practical use of assessing
biological quality of running waters based on macrophytes on the examples of
study of ecological revitalization and study of environmental flow assessment.
Keywords: freshwater habitats, biocenological method, reference index,
biomonitoring
Problem prihvatljivih razina pokazatelja stanja okoliša u
procjeni utjecaja na okoliš
Tomi Haramina1, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
1,2
1
Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (tharamina@oikon.hr )
2
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Prilikom procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (PUO), ovisno o vrsti zahvata
razmatra se stanje odre enih pokazatelja stanja okoliša i procjenjuje utjecaj
zahvata na te pokazatelje. Za bitne pokazatelje utjecaja zahvata na okoliš
prihvatljive razine mogu biti a) propisane (zakonski i podzakonski akti), b)
preporu ene (npr. smjernice, iskustva iz prakse) ili c) ni propisane niti
preporu ene. U zadnjem slu aju intenzitet utjecaja procjenjuje se metodom
stru ne procjene, koja se, budu i da nema smjernica, može osnivati na
analizama širokog raspona složenosti. Korištenje ove metode stoga nije
poželjno, jer a) može znatno utjecati na raspon cijena izrade studije (koja je
komercijalna djelatnost) i b) nije uvijek razumljiva nestru noj javnosti. Sli an
problem povezan je i s propisivanjem monitoringa, budu i da bi reakcija na
rezultate monitoringa morala biti povezana s vrijednostima mjerenih
parametara (pove anje za odre eni iznos, prekora enje neke grani ne
vrijednosti i sl.). Dva primjera ovakvih pokazatelja koji se javljaju u PUO za
morske luke prikazana su u radu: koncentracija ekotoksi nih metala u
sedimentu i vrijeme zadržavanja mora u luci. Objašnjen je razlog zbog kojeg ne
postoje preporu ene/propisane grani ne vrijednosti za ove pokazatelje. Kao
rješenje predlaže se da se kroz smjernice za izradu SUO za odre ene vrste
zahvata (u ovom slu aju morske luke) odrede minimalni zahtjevi za analizu i
na in obrade za ovakvu vrstu pokazatelja.
Klju ne rije i: morske luke, grani na vrijednost, pokazatelji, smjernice
Problem of acceptable levels of environmental indicators in
environmental impact assessment
Tomi Haramina1, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
1,2
1
Oikon Ltd. – Institute of applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (tharamina@oikon.hr )
2
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
During an environmental impact assessment (EIA) depending on project type
the states of relevant environmental indicators are determined and impacts of
the project on these indicators are assessed. For selected environmental
indicators their acceptable (limit) levels can be: a) regulated (by legislation), b)
recommended (e.g. guidelines, experience from practice) or c) none of the
above. In the letter case intensity of an impact is appraised using the method of
expert assessment, which, if there are no guidelines, can be based on wide
range of analyses which can significantly differ in complexity from each other.
Thus, this method is not preferred because: a) there is significant impact on
price range for development of an environmental impact study (which is
commercial activity) and b) it is not always understandable to non-expert
public. Similar problem appears also at monitoring plan development because
reaction to the results of a monitoring should be related to the values of
measured parameters (e.g. increase for some defined amount, exceeding some
threshold values, etc.). Two examples of such parameters important for EIA for
marine ports are presented in the paper: 1) concentration of ecotoxic metals in
sediment and 2) water resident time in port. The reason why the
guidelines/regulations for these parameters do not exist is explained. In order to
standardize and improve the quality of EIA it is proposed to develop the
guidelines for certain types of projects (in this case for marine ports) in which
minimum requirements for the level of analysis and data processing for such
indicators would be defined.
Keywords: marine ports, limit value, indicators, guidelines
Procjena utjecaja emisija iz postrojenja na kvalitetu zraka u
okviru utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša
Božica Šorgi 1, Goran Gašparac2, Sanja Grguri
1,2
1
Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (bsorgic@oikon.hr)
2
Gekom – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Sastavni dio Zahtjeva za isho enje objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša za
postoje a postrojenja prema Uredbi o postupku utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta
zaštite okoliša (NN 114/08) je i karakterizacija okoliša okolnog podru ja. U
sklopu karakterizacije okoliša, na primjeru postoje eg postrojenja, provedena je
procjena utjecaja na okoliš, s naglaskom na utjecaj emisija u zrak. Metodologija
procjene se temeljila na H1 horizontalnim smjernicama Britanske agencije za
zaštitu okoliša (H1 Environmental Risks Assessment). Najprije su utvr eni svi
nepokretni izvori emisije one iš uju ih tvari u zrak na lokaciji. Na osnovi
podataka o emisijama (visina izvora, lokacija, brzina otpadnog plina, protok
otpadnog plina, masena koncentracija one iš uju ih tvari, godišnje
koncentracije one iš uju e tvari) pomo u alata H1 software tool utvr ene su
bezna ajne, odnosno zna ajne emisije u zrak. Za utvr ene zna ajne emisije
provedena je procjena emisije one iš uju ih tvari SO2, NOx te praškaste tvari
pomo u modela ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term), uz
korištenje grafi ke nadogradnje – softverskog paketa AERMOD View. Izra uni
su pokazali da je utjecaj postrojenja na kvalitetu zraka u okolici ograni en na
podru je do nekoliko stotina metara udaljenosti od lokacije te da je u najgorem
slu aju (worst case scenario) uz korištenje mazuta kao goriva u ure ajima za
loženje i pri malim brzinama vjetra mogu a povremena pove ana koncentracija
SO2 koja može prelaziti grani ne vrijednosti.
Klju ne rije i: H1 Environmental Risks Assessment, kvaliteta zraka,
modeliranje emisije one iš uju ih tvari u zrak
Ambient air quality impact analysis of emissions from the
installation as a part of the environmental permit procedure
Božica Šorgi 1, Goran Gašparac2, Sanja Grguri
1,2
1
Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (bsorgic@oikon.hr)
2
Gekom Ltd. – Geophysical and ecological modelling, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The request for obtaining the environmental permit for existing installations
according to the Regulation on the procedure for establishing integrated
environmental requirements (OG No. 114/08) includes the environmental state
report. As a part of this report, environmental risks assessment was
implemented for a case study. The horizontal guidance H1 Environmental
Risks Assessment of The Environmental Agency of UK was used. The first
step was an identification of all point sources of emission into the air at
location. Based on the available data (height, location and gas efflux velocity of
releases, total flow, mass concentration of released substances, annual mass
emission of released substances), using H1 software tool, insignificant and
significant emissions into the air have been identified. For significant emissions
of SO2, NOx and particulate matter into the air detailed dispersion modelling
were performed using ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term) model
with additional graphic software tool AERMOD View. It was found that
estimated impact of emissions was limited up to few hundred meters from
facility. For “worst case” scenario, using heavy oil as a fuel and at the low wind
speed, a concentration of SO2 higher then ELV was projected.
Keywords: H1 Environmental Risks Assessment, air quality, modelling of
pollutant emission into the air
Kontrola ambijentalnih parametara u fabrici sanitetskog
materijala u Velikoj Kladuši i njihovi mogu i utjecaji na
okoliš
Fatima Muhamedagi 1, Mirsad Veladži 1, Muhamed
Muhamedagi 2, Samira Dedi 1
1
Biotehni ki fakultet Univerziteta u Biha u, Ul. Luke Marjanovi a bb, Biha ,
BiH (fatima.muhamedagic@gmail.com)
2
Krupa Kabine d.o.o., Bosanka Krupa, Bosna i Hercegovina
Sažetak
U radu su prikazani rezultati mjerenja parametara unutar i oko privrednog
objekta „Saniteks“ Velika Kladuša. Korišteni su mobilni mjera i i to:
fonometar, luksometar i klima mjera . Poseban akcent dat je buci kao
potencijalnom izvoru emisija i utjecaju na okoliš. Ciljevi rada bazirali su se na
dva segmenta. Prvi dio obuhvatao je mjerenje ambijentalnih parametara buke,
svijetlosti i tempearture unutar objekta. Drugi dio se odnosio na kontrolna
mjerenja nivoa buke van objekta. Rezultati rada su pokazali da nema štetnog
utjecaja emisija buke po okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: ambijentalni parametri, mobilni mjera i, buka, utjecaj na okoliš
Control of ambient parameters in factory medical supplies in
Velika Kladusa and their possible impacts on the environment
Fatima Muhamedagi 1, Mirsad Veladži 1, Muhamed
Muhamedagi 2, Samira Dedi 1
1
Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Bihac, St. Luka Marjanovic, Bihac,
Bosnia and Herzegovina (fatima.muhamedagic@gmail.com)
2
Krupa Kabine d.o.o., Bosanka Krupa, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents the results of measurements of the parameters inside and
around commercial facilities "Saniteks" Velika Kladusa. Used mobile gauges as
follows: Sound Level Meter, Lux and Climate meter. Special emphasis is given
to noise as a potential source of emissions and environmental impact. The
objectives of the work were based on two segments. The first part included the
measurement of ambient parameters, noise, light and tempearture inside the
facility. The second part is related to the control measurements of noise levels
outside the facility. The results showed that no harmful interference noise
emissions to the environment.
Keywords: environmental parameters, mobile devices, noise, environmental
impact
Procjena utjecaja buke na okoliš od aktivnosti luke nauti kog
turizma
Melita Buri 1, Tanja Tudor1
1
Gekom – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (mburic@gekom.hr, ttudor@gekom.hr)
Sažetak
Nakon izgradnje luke nauti kog turizma, mogu e je pove anje dnevne razine
buke u užoj okolini kao posljedica samog rada luke. Kako bi se procijenio
utjecaj budu e luke nauti kog turizma na emitiranje dodatne buke u okoliš, kao
posljedice aktivnosti unutar luke, napravljena je akusti ka procjena utjecaja na
okoliš i model buke budu eg stanja za jednu od marina na hrvatskom dijelu
Jadrana. Ciljevi procjene jesu identifikacija potencijalnih utjecaja novonastalih
razina buke od operativnih poslova unutar luke na najbliže objekte stambene
namjene u neposrednoj okolini luke.
Metodologija prilago ena za procjenu uklju uje identifikaciju stambenih
naselja osjetljivih na buku, mjerenja postoje ih razina buke u okolišu,
identifikaciju novih zvu nih izvora koji e biti prisutni tijekom rada luke
nauti kog turizma, modeliranje i predvi anje razina buke koje e nastati
isklju ivo zbog novih izvora unutar luke, te preporuku vezanu uz mjere zaštite
okoliša u slu aju prekora enja dozvoljenih razina buke propisanih Zakonom.
Metodom ra unalnog modeliranja može se dati dobra prognoza razina buke od
specificiranog budu eg izvora buke, te se provesti analiza budu eg stanja razina
buke u okolišu. Rezultati modeliranja biti e predstavljeni u obliku karte buke
izra ene pomo u programskog paketa SoundPlan 7.1, koji temelji svoj
prora un na jednadžbama za izra un emisije i širenja zvu nih valova. Prora uni
su napravljeni u skladu s europskim standardima i normama, koji su prihva eni
i propisani zakonima, te pravilnicima vezanima uz buku u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Klju ne rije i: luka, razine buke, budu e stanje, ra unalno modeliranje, karta
buke
Environmental noise impact assessment due to activities of
marinas
Melita Buri 1, Tanja Tudor1
1
Gekom – Geophysical and ecological modelling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Croatia (mburic@gekom.hr, ttudor@gekom.hr)
Abstract
After the construction of marinas, there is a possibility of increased daily noise
levels in the local environment as a result of marina’s operations. In order to
assess the impact of future marina operations on noise levels in the
environment, it is necessary to perform an acoustic impact assessment and
noise modelling of the future state. An example is shown for one of the planned
marinas in the Croatian side of the Adriatic. The objectives of the assessment
were to identify potential impacts of noise from operations within port facilities
on the nearest residential dwellings in the vicinity of the port.
Methodology adopted for the assessment involves identification of noise
sensitive residential dwellings, measurement of existing ambient noise levels,
identification of main noise sources associated to the operations within nautical
tourism port, modelling and prediction of noise levels that will be emitted
exclusively from new sources of sound and recommendations related to
environmental protection measures in case of exceeding allowed noise levels
prescribed by law.
Computational modelling can provide valid noise imission levels, predicted
based on future emission of newly planned noise source and analysis of future
noise levels in the environment. Modelling results will be presented in the form
of noise maps that are made by using software package SoundPlan 7.1, which
bases its computing on equations for source emissions calculation and
spreading of sound waves. Calculations were made in accordance with
European standards and norms, which are accepted and prescribed by laws and
regulations related to noise in the Republic of Croatia.
Keywords: port, noise level, future state, computational modelling, noise map
Terenski i numeri ki istražni radovi nužni za uspješnu
provedbu procjene utjecaja morskih luka na okoliš – prilog za
smjernice
Tomi Haramina1, Sanja Grguri 1,2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
Sun ana Rapi 1,3 , Melita Buri 2
1,3
,
1
Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (tharamina@oikon.hr)
2
Gekom – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
3
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Tijekom više godina provo enja postupaka procjene utjecaja morskih luka na
okoliš (PUO) u praksi je do odre ene mjere postignut konsenzus oko provedbe
nužnih istražnih radova u svrhu postizanja zadovoljavaju e kvalitete PUO.
Ipak, budu i da još ne postoje smjernice za izradu studija o utjecaju morskih
luka na okoliš (SUO), kvaliteta izrade SUO znatno varira ovisno o izra iva u.
U radu se daje pregled nužnih istražnih radova za potrebe SUO morskih luka,
njihova svrha i potrebna razina detaljnosti. Potrebna istraživanja obuhva aju:
mjerenje morskih struja i razine mora s prikladnom obradom podataka
dobivenih mjerenjem, biološko-ronila ki pregled podru ja zahvata (s
naglaskom na staništa morskog bentosa), uzorkovanje sedimenta,
rekonstrukcija strujnog polja numeri kim modelom i simulacije izmjene vode u
luci prije i poslije zahvata i analiza krajobraznih obilježja. Ovaj rad može se
smatrati doprinosom u izradi smjernica SUO morskih luka u dijelu terenskih i
numeri kih istraživanja sa svrhom ujedna avanja razine obrade u SUO morskih
luka i ujedna avanja troškova njene izrade.
Klju ne rije i: morske luke, smjernice SUO, terenska istraživanja, numeri ko
modeliranje
Field and numerical research necessary for successful
environmental impact assessment of marine ports –
contribution to guidelines
Tomi Haramina1, Sanja Grguri 1,2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
Sun ana Rapi 1,3, Melita Buri 2
1,3
,
1
Oikon Ltd. – Institute of applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (tharamina@oikon.hr)
2
Gekom - geophysical and ecological modeling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Croatia
3
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
During several past years of implementation of environmental impact
assessment (EIA) for marine ports to some extent it is achieved a consensus
about research works necessary to be carried out for an acceptable quality of
EIA. However, as there are still no guidelines developed for environmental
impact studies (EIS) for marine ports, the quality of EIS significantly varies
depending on developer. In this paper an overview of necessary research works
for EIS for marine ports, purpose of these works and level of details are
presented. The research works encompass: sea currents and sea level
measurements with appropriate data analysis, underwater habitat survey (with
emphasis on benthic habitats), sediment sampling, reconstruction of the
velocity field using numerical methods, water exchange modeling with
comparison of results in case of initial state and after the project realization,
and landscape analysis. This paper can be considered as a contribution to
development of guidelines for EIS for marine ports in the area of field and
numerical research with the purpose to standardize the level of research needed
for EIS for marine ports and equalize the cost for their development.
Keywords: marine ports, guidelines EIS, field works, numerical modeling
Analiza krajobraza pomo u GIS-a za potrebe procjene
utjecaja zahvata na okoliš
Mirjana Mar eni 1, Katarina Buleši 1, Ivan Juratek1
1
Dvokut
ECRO
d.o.o.,
Trnjanska
37,
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
(mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, katarina.bulesic@dvokut-ecro.hr,
ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Sažetak
Tehnologija geografskog informacijskog sustava (GIS) u analizi krajobraza
pomaže u donošenju objektivnijih odluka o utjecaju zahvata na krajobrazne i
vizualne zna ajke kroz korištenje horizontalne i vertikalne analize.
Horizontalna analiza omogu uje povezivanje elemenata unutar jednog sloja
podataka, a vertikalna integrirano povezivanje elemenata izme u više slojeva
podataka. Cilj analize krajobraza pomo u GIS-a je stvaranje novih informacija
manipulacijom i integracijom postoje ih slojeva podataka s razli itim stupnjem
kompleksnosti. To se odnosi na dodjeljivanje razli itih ocjena za razli ite
kriterije odabira. Krajobrazna podru ja ili krajobrazni uzorci se, po svojoj
atraktivnosti ili osjetljivosti na promjene, kombiniraju me usobno i sa
planiranim zahvatom. Takav na in se naziva multikriterijska metoda procjene
utjecaja uz donošenje odluka na transparentan i objektivan na in.
Pomo u GIS tehnologije odre uju se i reprezentativne razgledne to ke te se
izra uje vizualizacija. U svrhu odre ivanja važnih vizura i podru ja s kojih
zahvat može biti vidljiv koristi se digitalni model reljefa (DMR) na temelju
topografskih, ortofoto i tematskih karata korištenja zemljišta. Pomo u DMR-a
kreira se karta nagiba terena te izloženost površine reljefa suncu. Donošenje
odluka je popra eno ocjenjivanjem odnosa krajobraza i planiranog zahvata kroz
prikaz postoje eg stanja, oblikovanje sustava vrijednosti te kroz vrijednosnu
prosudbu koju sustav vrijednosti primjenjuje na konkretan slu aj.
Klju ne rije i: GIS, analiza, krajobraz, vizualizacija
Landscape analysis using GIS methodology for the
environmental impact assessment
Mirjana Mar eni 1, Katarina Buleši 1, Ivan Juratek1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.mestric@dvokutecro.hr, katarina.bulesic@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
Geographic information system technology (GIS) in landscape analysis helps to
make more objective decisions about landscape and visual impact assessment
(LVIA) through using horizontal and vertical analysis. Horizontal analysis
enables connection between elements within one data layer. Vertical analysis
enables integrated connection of elements between more data layers. The aim
of LVIA using GIS is creation of new information with manipulation and
integration existing data layers with different degree of complexity. This refers
to assigning different weights to different selection criteria. Landscape area or
landscape patterns combined with each other and with the planned intervention,
by its attractiveness or sensitivity to change. That kind of analysis is referred to
as multicriteria evaluation method by decision- making in a transparent and
objective manner.
A possibility to analyze relevant observation points for detailed visualizations
are GIS based view shed analysis. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in
combination with actual landform based on topography maps, orthophotos or
thematic land use maps can be analyzed to select important vistas and areas
from which a specific project might be visible.
Decision-making is followed by evaluating the relationship of the landscape
and planned intervention through the present state, the formation of the value
system and the value judgment that the value system is applied to a specific
case.
Keywords: GIS, analysis, landscape, visualization
Postupak PUO kao važan instrument zaštite krajobraza:
primjer uklapanja vodnih gra evina u okolni prostor
Sun ana Rapi
1,2
, Višnja Šteko1, Tena Kušan1, Željko
kovi
1
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (srapic@oikon.hr)
2
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Trenutno u Republici Hrvatskoj ne postoji jedinstveni sustav zaštite,
upravljanja i planiranja krajobraza, ve se navedene aktivnosti provode kroz
odvojeno djelovanje nekoliko nadležnih resora. Uz normativne mjere kojima se
pojedina podru ja vrijedne prirodne ili kulturne baštine proglašuju zašti enima
i mjere zaštite krajobraza propisane dokumentima prostornog ure enja, zaštita
krajobraza se provodi i kroz mjere zaštite okoliša utvr ene u postupku procjene
utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (PUO). Propisane mjere zaštite okoliša investitor je
obavezan implementirati ve u fazi pripreme, prije po etka izgradnje zahvata,
odnosno u fazi izrade glavnog projekta. Ova faza, izme u ostalog,
podrazumijeva izradu projekta krajobraznog ure enja u koji se ugra uju sve
mjere zaštite okoliša zna ajne za krajobraz. U radu je dan pregled postupka
izrade projekata krajobraznog ure enja na primjeru vodnih gra evina.
Krajobrazno ure enje ovih zahvata u kona nici e rezultirati sanacijom
podru ja zahva enih gra evinskim radovima i uklapanjem zahvata u okolni
prostor, predstavljaju i tako pozitivan primjer efikasnosti postupka PUO kao
instrumenta zaštite krajobraza.
Klju ne rije i: mjere zaštite okoliša, glavni projekt, krajobrazno ure enje,
hidrotehni ki zahvati
EIA as an important instrument for landscape protection:
examples of fitting of hydrotechnical structures into
surrounding landscape
Sun ana Rapi
1,2
, Višnja Šteko1, Tena Kušan1, Željko
kovi
1
1
Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (srapic@oikon.hr)
2
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Unified system of landscape protection, management and planning is not yet
established in the Republic of Croatia. However, these activities are being
carried out through separate actions of several responsible departments.
Nowadays, specific areas of valuable natural and cultural heritage are being
protected through normative measures, whereas relevant physical planning
documents prescribe landscape protection measures. Besides these, landscape
protection is also carried out through environmental protection measures
defined in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Investor is
obliged to implement prescribed environmental protection measures even prior
to construction phase, at preparatory stage, during the main design
development. This phase, among others, includes development of landscape
design that incorporates all environmental protection measures which are of
significance for the landscape. Paper presents an overview of the landscape
design process on the example of hydrotechnical structures. Ultimately,
landscape design results in rehabilitation of areas affected by construction
works, as well as fitting of hydrotechnical structures into surrounding
landscape, thus representing a positive example of EIA as an efficient
instrument for landscape protection.
Keywords: environmental protection measures, main design, landscaping,
hydrotechnical structures
Važnost biospeleološke komponente u monitoringu faune
šišmiša prije izgradnje vjetroelektrane
Dina Kova 1, Mirna Mazija1, Goran Rnjak1, Vida Zrn
1
1
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (dkovac@geonatura.hr)
Sažetak
Posljednjih godina u Hrvatskoj se doga a intenzivan razvoj vjetroenergetike,
koji uz poželjno pove anje udjela obnovljivih izvora u energetskoj proizvodnji
donosi i potencijalne rizike od utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu. Me u njima se
posebno isti u utjecaji na ugroženu faunu (šišmiše i ptice) zbog ega je danas u
Hrvatskoj pri izradi SUO za vjetroelektrane obavezan jednogodišnji monitoring
nultog stanja. U dijelu monitoringa koji se odnosi na faunu šišmiša,
nezaobilaznu komponentu predstavljaju biospeleološka istraživanja, s obzirom
na to da su špiljske vrste esto vjerne prebivalištima i formiraju kolonije i do
nekoliko tisu a jedinki, a ve ina se nalazi i na Dodatku II Direktive o
staništima. Na podru ju Hrvatske je do sada zabilježeno oko 9000 speleoloških
objekata, a postoji još barem toliko neotkrivenih. Potencijalno zna ajna
prebivališta utvr uju se na temelju morfoloških i mikroklimatskih zna ajki,
tragova, prisutnosti i brojnosti šišmiša, nakon ega se istražuje sastav i brojnost
vrsta, razdoblje i na in korištenja tijekom godine. Dobiveni rezultati
omogu uju kartiranje stupnja korištenja prostora (SKP) od strane faune šišmiša
i detektiranje vrsta koje se rijetko bilježe drugim metodama, iz ega u kona nici
proizlazi projektiranje mjera zaštite (npr. izmjena trase pristupnih cesta i/ili
lokacija vjetroagregata, reguliranje brzine vjetra pri kojoj se po inju okretati
elise pojedinih vjetroagregata), te planiranje monitoringa nakon po etka rada
vjetroelektrane.
Klju ne rije i: šišmiši, vjetroelektrane, monitoring, podzemna skloništa,
stupanj korištenja prostora
The importance of biospeleological component in bat fauna
monitoring during pre-construction of wind farms
Dina Kova 1, Mirna Mazija1, Goran Rnjak1, Vida Zrn
1
Geonatura Ltd., Trg
(dkovac@geonatura.hr)
senjskih
uskoka
1-2,
Zagreb,
1
Croatia
Abstract
In recent years in Croatia, there has been an increase in wind energy
development that along with desirable increase of renewable source shares in
energy production, also presents potential impact risks for the environment and
nature. One of the most significant are potential impacts on endangered fauna
(bats and birds), which is why initial one-year monitoring is presently
mandatory within EIS for wind farms. In the monitoring segment regarding bat
fauna, biospeleological research is an inevitable component due to high roost
fidelity of cave-dwelling species which form large colonies comprised of up to
several thousand individuals, and most of which are included in Annex II of the
Habitats directive as well. To date, round 9000 caves have been discovered in
Croatia and at least as many have yet to be discovered. Potentially significant
roost sites are determined based on morphological and microclimatic
characteristics, traces, abundance and presence of recorded bats, after which the
species composition and abundance is investigated, along with the time frame
and way of use during the year. Obtained results enable mapping of degree of
space use (DSU) and detection of species that are rarely recorded through other
survey methods. This ultimately results with detailed mitigation measures
design (e.g. relocation of access roads and / or wind turbines, regulation of the
rotor start-up speed in relation to wind speed) as well as bat fauna postconstruction monitoring plan.
Keywords: bats, wind farms, monitoring, underground roosts, degree of space
use
Zaštita ugroženih biljnih svojti na lokaciji izgradnje
vjetroelektrane: primjer za VE Jelinak, Hrvatska
Ana ani
1,2
, Marina Magajne1, Luka Škunca2, Edin Lugi 1,Oleg
Antoni 1,2,3
1
Geonatura d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska (adanic@oikon.hr)
3
Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana
bb, Osijek, Hrvatska
2
Sažetak
Istraživanjem provedenim tijekom izrade studije o utjecaju na okoliš na širem
prostoru izgradnje vjetroelektrane Jelinak utvr ena je velika raznolikost flore i
vegetacije. S ciljem ublažavanja utjecaja izgradnje vjetroelektrane Jelinak u
tijeku postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš propisane su mjere zaštite ugroženih
i zašti enih biljnih svojti, s naglaskom na nježnu kockavicu (Fritillaria
messanensis ssp. gracilis (Ebel) Rix) i finobodljasti ka un (Orchis provincialis
Balb.). Provedba mjera zaštite ovih biljnih svojti zahtijevala je utvr ivanje i
delineaciju staništa nježne kockavice i finobodljastog ka una pregledom terena
na podru ju vjetroagregata oko kojih je prethodno utvr ena ve a gusto a
njihovih populacija, ozna avanje (ogra ivanje) staništa te savjetovanje
izvo a gra evinskih radova tijekom izvedbe radova radi zaštite ozna enih
površina. Potrebni terenski radovi provedeni su od strane botani ara u ranoj
fazi izgradnje vjetroelektrane, uzevši u obzir fenološke karakteristike ovih
biljnih svojti. Površine predvi ene za zaštitu odre ene su i privremeno
ogra ene na temelju procjene brojnosti jedinki i veli ine pojedine površine.
Analiza prostornih podataka i odre ivanje površina za ozna avanje izvedene su
u okviru geografskog informacijskog sustava. Po završetku radova na izgradnji
vjetroelektrane privremene su ograde uklonjene iz okoliša.
Klju ne rije i: zašti ene biljne svojte, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, mjere
tijekom izgradnje vjetroelektrane
Protection of endangered plant species at location of wind
farm construction: example of WF Jelinak, Croatia
Ana ani
1,2
, Marina Magajne1, Luka Škunca2, Edin Lugi 1,Oleg
Antoni 1,2,3
1
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Oikon Ltd. Institute of Applied Ecology,, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,Zagreb,
Croatia (adanic@oikon.hr)
3
University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara
Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia
2
Abstract
During the research carried out as part of the environmental impact assessment
for wind farm Jelinak, it's wider construction area has been identified as having
high flora and habitats diversity. During environmental impact assessment
process, mitigation measures have been appointed in order to mitigate the
impacts of wind farm construction on endangered and protected flora, with the
emphasis on Fritillaria messanensis ssp. gracilis (Ebel) Rix and Orchis
provincialis Balb. Implementation of these mitigation measures included: field
identification and delineation of above mentioned species habitat patches
around wind turbine construction sites (for which higher abundance of these
species has initially been determined), marking (fencing) of patches in field and
consulting construction contractor during works with purpose of protecting
marked areas. Field work was carried out by botanists during early phase of
wind farm construction, taking into account phenological characteristics of
these species. Habitat patches aimed for protection have been chosen and
temporarily fenced according to estimation of species abundance and size of
patch area. Spatial data analysis and identification of habitat patches for
protection were done within the frame of geographic information system.
Temporary fences used to mark habitat patches have been removed from the
environment after construction works.
Keywords: protected plant species, environmental impact assessment,
mitigation measures during wind farm construction
Proizvodnja bioplina, biodiezela i etanola iz alternativnih
izvora energije te njihov utjecaj na okoliš
Martina Linari 1, Tomislav Linari 1, Dajana Ku
2
1
Bioplin Brinje d.o.o., Frankopanska ulica 13, Brinje, Hrvatska;
(martina.linaric@ri.t-com.hr); 2Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije
19, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Cijene nafte i naftnih derivata danas su dostigle nivo kada se po inje razmišljati
o alternativnim izvorima energije u koje spada i biootpad, poput kravlje balege,
sijena, kukuruzovine te kao takav predstavlja visokovrijednu sirovinu za
dobivanje alternativnih oblika energije poput bioplina, biodizela te etanola.
Postrojenje je projektirano tako da zadovolji sve max. ekološke zahtjeve, sve
zahtjeve protupožarne zaštite, sve zahtjeve protuekplozijske zaštite.
Uzajamnom sinergijom proizvodnje bioplina, biodisela te etanola stvara se
zatvoreni proces u pogledu iskorištavanja sirovina i zbrinjavanja otpada,
smanjuju se koli ine otpada, nema emisije štetnih plinova, a dobivamo
produkte koji su potrebni na tržištu.
Ulazne sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina jesu kravlja balega, sijeno, kukuruz iz
kojeg se proizvodi etanol, te repi ino i frito ulje iz kojih se proizvodi biodizel.
Nusproizvodi postrojenja jesu tehni ki glicerin, kukuruzna silaža te otpadna
voda koji se dalje iskorištavaju za dobivanje bioplina. Osim toga, glicerin se
može plasirati na tržište, kukuruzna silaža se može obraditi i prodavati kao
sto na hrana a dobiveni otpadni mulj iz anaerobnog reaktora koristiti kao
mineralno gnojivo jer su ovakvom proizvodnjom zadovoljeni svi toksikološki
propisi za plasman sirovine na tržište.
Najvažnije od svega je da se biološki otpad iskorištava za dobivanje energije
umjesto da se neadekvatno odlože u okolišu, što je do sada nerijetko bila
praksa.
Kapacitet proizvodnje bioplinskog postrojenja je 2.2 MWh ukupne energije
gdje se anaerobnom reakcijom dobiva 0,8 - 1 MWh elektri ne energije te 1,2 –
0,8 MWh (3600 MJ – 2880 MJ ) toplinske energije.
Klju ne rije i: alternativni izvori energije, bioplin, biodizel, etanol.
Production of biogas, biodiesel and ethanol from alternative
sources of energy and their impact on the environment
Martina Linari 1, Tomislav Linari 1, Dajana Ku
1
Bioplin Brinje d.o.o., Frankopanska street 13,
(martina.linaric@ri.t-com.hr); 2Faculty of Chemical
Technology, Maruli square 19, Zagreb, Croatia
2
Brinje, Croatia;
Engineering and
Abstract
Prices of crude oil and petroleum products have reached a level at which we
have to start thinking about alternative sources of energy, which can be organic
and biological waste, like cow dung, hay, straw, corn and as such represents a
high grade raw material to obtain alternative forms of energy such as biogas,
biodiesel and ethanol.
With mutual synergy of biogas, biodiesel and ethanol production occurs a
closed circuit, regard to waste disposal and exploitation of raw materials.
The plant is designed to meet all environmental requirements, all requirements
of fire protection, and all the requirements of explosion protection. With such a
production of bio fuels the amount of waste and emission of harmful gases are
reduced and all by-products are exploited within the plant.
Input charges for biogas production are cow manure and hay, corn, for the
production of ethanol, rapeseed oil and waste cooking oils for production of
biodiesel. Obtained plant by-products like technical glycerine, corn silage and
waste waters, are used further for biogas production. Moreover, glycerol can be
placed on the market, corn silage can be processed and sold as animal feed,
sewage sludge from the anaerobic reactor can be used as fertilizer.
Most important of all is to exploit biological waste for energy btaining instead
of being inadequately disposed in the environment, which is frequently done so
far.
A biogas plant is designed for a capacity to produce 2.2 MWh of total energy.
In anaerobic bioreactor is produced 8600 Nm3/day of biogas, from which is
obtained 0,8 - 1 MWh of electricity energy and 1,2 – 0,8 MWh (3600 MJ –
2880 MJ ) of thermal energy.
Keywords: Alternative sources of energy, Biogas, Biodiesel, Ethanol.
SEKCIJA 3 / SECTION 3
NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU
MREŽU /
NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
„NATURA 2000“ u Hrvatskoj – što je realno o ekivati?
Ivan Martini 1, Maja Kerovec2
1
2
Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Šumarski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Wyg – savjetovanje d.o.o., Ulica grada Vukovara 269g, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
U lanku se raspravlja o modelu provedbe obveza i mjera o uvanja vezano za
Natura 2000 ekološku mrežu u Hrvatskoj. Analiziraju se hrvatski zakonodavni
i institucionalni okvir te razina spremnosti najodgovornijih tijela javne uprave i
gospodarskih sektora za provedbu. Naglašeno se analiziraju obvezuju e mjere
uvanja i realne mogu nosti njihove provedbe u poljoprivredi, šumarstvu i
vodnoga gospodarstva. Pritom se se kao klju na otvorena pitanja prepoznaju
ona vezana za jasne pokazatelje u inka provedbe i troškove provedbe. Iznose
se pretpostavke za u inkoviti model sudjelovanja i suradnje svih odgovornih i
zainteresiranih pri odre ivanju na ina upravljanja Natura 2000 podru jima, pri
emu se definiraju ciljevi i uloge sudionika. Mogu i modeli provedbe
sagledavaju se kroz primjere dobre prakse upravljanja Natura 2000 podru jima
iz drugih država EU. S druge strane, navode se naj eš e teško e i to ke zastoja
i/ili konflikata u provedbi. lanak donosi pregled izvora financiranja Europske
komisije (strukturalni i kohezijski fondovi) te ostalih mogu nosti
(su)financiranja provedbe razli itih mjera vezanih za Natura 2000 podru ja u
razdoblju 2014-2020. Zaklju no, ocijenjuje se funkcionalna u inkovitost
programa u Natura 2000 u Hrvatskoj, ovisno o realno mogu im (prihvatljivim)
politikama i scenarijima provedbe.
Klju ne rije i: o uvanje bioraznolikosti, Natura 2000, održivo korištenje,
upravljanje, financiranje
Natura 2000 in Croatia - What is it to be expected?
Ivan Martini 1, Maja Kerovec2
1
2
University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia
Wyg – savjetovanje d.o.o., Ulica grada Vukovara 269g, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
This paper elaborates implementation model for Natura 2000 ecological
network obligations and conservation measures in Croatia. Croatian legislative
and institutional framework, along with readiness level of the most responsible
public administration authorities and economic sectors are also analyzed. The
emphasis is on analysis of binding conservation measures and realistic options
for their implementation in agriculture, forestry and water management. At the
same time, open questions are raised in connection with implementation
indicators and costs. Assumptions are made for effective participation and
cooperation among wide range of stakeholders in establishing Natura 2000
management model, whereat objectives and roles are defined. Possible
implementation models are considered through Natura 2000 good practice
examples from other EU states. On the other hand, the most significant
difficulties and delays and/or conflicts are listed. Paper gives overview of
European Commission financing resources (structural and cohesion funds) and
other possibilities of (co)financing different implementation measures related
to Natura 2000 areas in 2014 – 2020 period. In conclusion, functional
effectiveness of the Natura 2000 programs in Croatia is evaluated, depending
on realistically possible policies and implementation scenarios.
Keywords: biodiversity
management, financing
conservation,
Natura
2000,
sustainable
use,
Slovenian experiences with Natura 2000 assessments – lessons
learned
Tina Klemen
1
, Darij Kraj
1
1
Institute of Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, Toba na 5,
Ljubljana, Slovenia (tina.klemencic@zrsvn.si)
Abstract
Slovenia is EU member since 2004 and many plans and projects have been
assessed so far, bringing us experiences and knowledge about how Habitats
directive assessments work and protect Natura 2000 sites. Since difficult cases
can offer even more to learn from than best – practice cases, the aim of the
article is to present lessons learned through dealing with difficult issues such as
study of alternatives, compensating habitats, decisions about significance of
plan impacts, economical interests etc. We will present some cases of plan
preparation that took too much time, money and energy trying to avoid some of
the Directive’s provisions or alter their interpretation. By studying EU court
cases and Commission opinions as well as through communication with
Commission we can predict the outcome of EU Commission pre-court
procedures against Slovenia about disputable cases. Article shows that it is
wiser and more efficient (in terms of time, money and staff) to follow
directive’s provisions and case law than trying to ignore it and deal with
consequences.
Keywords: Natura 2000, assessment, case – study, Habitats directive, EU
Commission
NATURA 2000 - procjena utjecaja na ekološku mrežu
Maja Kerovec1, Stjepan Mišeti 2, Ivan Martini 3, Zlatko
Pletikapi 2
1
WYG Savjetovanje doo, Ulica grada Vukovara 269 G, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(maja.kerovec@wyg-c.eu)
2
Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
3
Šumarski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Višenamjenski hidrotehni ki sustavi su sustavi s velikim podru jem obuhvata i
podru jem utjecaja. Zbog toga, te zbog geografskih i prirodnih osobitosti
Republike Hrvatske, od neizgra enih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava
gotovo i nema sustava koji jednim dijelom ne zadire u zašti ena podru ja i
podru ja ekološke mreže ili koji barem posredno nema utjecaj na takva
podru ja. Dobrobiti koje takvi sustavi mogu pružiti dovoljno su veliki razlog
što se u takvim slu ajevima od njih ne odustaje, nego se traže rješenja pomirbe
interesa velikog broja mogu ih njihovih korisnika i interesa zaštite velikih
prirodnih vrijednosti kojima raspolažemo. Prikazati e se uvjeti pod kojima se
moraju voditi postupci pripreme i provedbe procjene utjecaja ove vrste zahvata
na okoliš i prirodu s aspekta njihovog preklapanja s podru jima institucionalne
zaštite prirode na nacionalnoj i me unarodnoj razini, te e se dati poop enja
postupaka, te prijedlozi za njihovu jasnu, reguliranu i transparentnu provedbu.
Zaklju no e se naglasiti potreba reguliranja odnosa državnih institucija prema
takvim zahvatima radi zaštite prirode, ali i op edruštvenih interesa.
Klju ne rije i: višenamjenski hidrotehni ki sustavi, zašti ena podru ja,
ekološka mreža, op edruštveni interes
NATURA 2000 – Appropriate Assessment of the Project
Ecological Network Impact
Maja Kerovec1, Stjepan Mišeti 2, Ivan Martini 3, Zlatko
Pletikapi 2
1
WYG Savjetovanje doo, Ulica grada Vukovara 269 G, Zagreb, Croatia
(maja.kerovec@wyg-c.eu)
2
Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia
3
University of Zagreb – Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb,
Croatia
Abstract
Multipurpose hydro-technical systems are systems that occupy a large territory
and have a big area of influence. Because of that, and because of geographical
and natural features of the Republic of Croatia (among the others, the
potentially planed systems), there is almost no system which does not interfere
with protected area and Natura 2000 areas even in a small part or which, at
least indirectly, does not have impact on this area type. Benefits that this kind
of systems can provide are pretty important and that is the reason for not giving
up on their construction. Instead we should look for the solutions for
reconciliation of a large number of possible users and interests for protection of
great natural values that we possess. The conditions under which the
preparation and implementation of environmental impact assessment and nature
impact assessment have to be taken will be listed from the aspect of their
overlap with areas of institutional nature protection on national and
international level; generalizations of the procedures and suggestions for their
clear, regulated and transparent implementation will be given. In the
conclusion, the need to regulate relations between the state institutions towards
such projects will be emphasized, in order to protect nature and general
community interests as well at the same time.
Keywords: Multipurpose hydro-technical systems, protected areas, ecological
network, community interest
Ocjena prihvatljivosti planova i programa za podru ja
ekološke mreže RH/NATURA 2000- prakti na iskustva i
mogu nosti budu e provedbe
Ivana Šari 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Marta Brki
1
1
Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ivana.saric@dvokutecro.hr, zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Sažetak
Postupak ocjene prihvatljivosti plana/ programa za ekološku mrežu propisan je
Pravilnikom o ocjeni prihvatljivosti plana, programa i zahvata za ekološku
mrežu (Narodne novine broj 118/09). U postupku se procijenjuje postoji li,
provedbom plana/ programa, vjerojatnost zna ajnog utjecaja na ciljeve
uvanja i cjelovitost ekološke mreže.
U radu je dan osvrt na dosadašnja iskustva provo enja ovog postupka
samostalno ili kao dio strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Ukazano je na
strukturu ulaznih podataka iz planova/ programa i podataka o ekološkoj mreži,
te su predložene mogu nosti obrade podataka, razine procjene mogu ih utjecaja
i mjera ublažavanja utjecaja na ekološku mrežu.
Klju ne rije i: ocjena prihvatljivosti, plan, program, ekološka mreža,
natura2000
Ecological Network RC/NATURA 2000 Appropriate
Assessment of Plans and Programmes - Practical Experience
and Possibilities for Further Application
Ivana Šari 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Marta Brki
1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (ivana.saric@dvokutecro.hr, zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
The procedure of appropriate assessment of a plan or programme's impact on
the ecological network is stipulated by the Ordinance on the Appropriate
Assessment of the Impact of Plans, Programmes and Projects on the Ecological
Network (OG 118/09). Within this procedure, it is assessed if there is any
possibility of significant impact on protection goals and integrity of the
ecological network caused by the implementation of a plan or programme.
This work contains an overview of the present implementations of this process
either individually or as a part of the strategic environmental impact
assessment. This work presents the structure of input data from
plans/programmes and the ecological network, suggested data processing
possibilities and levels of assessment of possible impacts and mitigation
measures for impacts on the ecological network.
Keywords: appropriate assessment, plan, programme, ecological network,
NATURA 2000
Primjena smjernica za vrednovanje i o uvanje biološke
raznolikosti i krajobraza u prostornim planovima
Zrinka Mesi 1,3, Orlando Venn2, Vladimir Kušan1, Tena Birov1,
Višnja Šteko1, Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Ana ani 3,
Oleg Antoni 1,3,4
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju , Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb (zmesic@oikon.hr); 2Treweek Environmental Consultants, The Castle
Centre, 25 Castle St., Barnstaple, Devon EX31 1DR, United Kingdom;
3
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Odjel za biologiju, Sveu ilište J.J.Strossmayer, Cara
Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Pregled metoda kojima se biološka raznolikost i krajobraz uklju uju kao
kriteriji u proces prostornog planiranja pripremljen je u sklopu projekta
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast
through Greening Coastal Development – COAST. Osim osnovnih i op enitih
metoda za uklju ivanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza, dane su i smjernice o
obavezama preuzetim iz EU zakonodavstva, a koje su nedavno uklju ene i u
hrvatsko zakonodavstvo: 1) Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš (SPUO) i 2)
Ocjena prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu (OPEM). Metodologija prikazana u
Smjernicama za vrednovanje i o uvanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza u
prostornim planovima prikazuje, po pojedinim fazama izrade prostornog plana,
na in uklju ivanja pitanja vezanih za biološku raznolikost i krajobraz, kao i
preporu ene korake u SPUO i OPEM (koja se prema važe em zakonodavstvu
za prostorne planove provodi kao dio postupka SPUO). Metodologija prikazana
u sklopu Smjernica za ocjenu prihvatljivosti prostornih planova za ekološku
mrežu daje sveobuhvatan pregled postupka OPEM u prostornom planiranju.
Opisanom metodologijom su analizirani postoje i prostorni planovi ure enja
dvaju COAST pilot podru ja: 1) Op ina Kolan i 2) Grad Vis. Analiza
prostornih planova ure enja pilot podru ja pokazuje nužnost uklju ivanja
SPUO u izradi planova višeg reda (županijskih) te detaljnije sagledavanje
mogu nosti štetnih utjecaja na ekološku mrežu i mogu nost njihova
ublažavanja tijekom izrade prostornih planova.
Klju ne rije i: SPUO, ocjena prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu, prostorno
planiranje, COAST, ekološka mreža
Application of guidelines for evaluation and conservation of
biodiversity and landscape in spatial plans
Zrinka Mesi 1,3, Orlando Venn2, Vladimir Kušan1, Tena Birov1,
Višnja Šteko1, Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Ana ani 3,
Oleg Antoni 1,3,4
1
Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (zmesic@oikon.hr); 2Treweek Environmental Consultants, The Castle
Centre, 25 Castle St., Barnstaple, Devon EX31 1DR, United Kingdom;
3
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Josip Juraj
Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A,
Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
An overview of the methods for consideration and incorporation of biodiversity
and landscape issues into the spatial planning process is prepared during the
project Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian
Coast through Greening Coastal Development – COAST. In addition to basic
and usual methods for inclusion of biodiversity and landscape, the methodology
includes undertaking guidelines on the new obligations that have recently been
incorporated into Croatian law: i) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA);
and ii) Appropriate Assessment (AA). The methodology presented in the
Guidelines for the incorporation of biodiversity and landscape describes
through the spatial planning process phases the incorporation of biodiversity
and landscape issues parallel to the recommended SEA steps and AA steps,
which is part of legally defined SEA process. The Guidelines for the
Appropriate Assessment of spatial plans provide a comprehensive overview of
the AA process and guidelines for AA process in spatial planning. The physical
plans of two COAST pilot sites: i) Kolan Municipality and ii) Town Vis were
analysed with the described methodology. Analyses of physical plans of pilot
areas demonstrate the need for implementation of strategic impact assessment
of the higher level plans (county spatial plans). Moreover, detailed assessment
of likely adverse impacts on the ecological network and possible mitigation
should be conducted through the spatial planning process.
Keywords: SEA, Appropriate assessment, spatial plan, biodiversity, landscape
Compensatory Measures
Legislative framework and practice – implementation in
Croatia
Tajana Uzelac Obradovi 1, Jelena Fressl1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (tajana.uzelac@dvokutecro.hr, jelena.fressl@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds and Directive
92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats, wild fauna and flora are two
central pillars of the EU biodiversity legislation. They provide legal protection
for habitats and species that are of European importance through a network of
sites across the EU – the Natura 2000 Network. For projects, plans or programs
an Appropriate Assessment of their influence on Natura 2000 areas is
prescribed; if they are found to be unacceptable, compensatory measures can be
applied in cases of great economic or social value, importance for human
health, human safety and property or if the purpose of a project, plan or
program is to ensure better environment conditions.
In 2007, as part of the EU accession process preparations the Republic of
Croatia has set up the Croatian Ecological Network that consists of areas
important for preservation of certain species or habitat types. The Appropriate
Assessment procedure was also introduced to legislation and applied in
practice. However, compensatory measures, even though having been provided
for by the legislation framework, have not yet been implemented in any of the
cases.
This paper gives a review of current EU and Croatian national compensatory
measures legislation, shows examples of compensatory measures
implementation from other EU countries and offers some implementation
propositions for compensatory measures practice after the accession to the EU
on 1st of July 2013.
Keywords: NATURA 2000, Croatian Ecological Network, compensatory
measures
One iš enje zraka i Natura 2000 stanišni tipovi u Hrvatskoj
Luka Škunca1,2, Marina Magajne2, Maja Masla
Grguri 3, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4
1,2
, Sanja
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska; 2Geonatura d.o.o.za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg
senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 3Gekom - Geofizikalno i ekološko
modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Sveu ilište J. J.
Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Premda je Konvencija o dalekosežnom prekograni nom one iš enju zraka
(CLTRAP) dovela do smanjenja emisija sumpora i dušika u Europi, pove ana
depozicija dušika iz zraka i dalje predstavlja problem u UNECE regiji te se
predvi a da e do 2020. godine 37% Europe biti pod rizikom od eutrofikacije.
S obzirom da pove ano optere enje dušikom u kopnenim ekosustavima vodi k
promjenama u sastavu i brojnosti biljnih vrsta na pojedinim lokacijama,
predlaže se upotreba bioindikatora prekora enja empirijskih kriti nih
optere enja za izvještavanje prema lanku 17. Direktive o staništima.
U Hrvatskoj je rasprostranjeno devet Natura 2000 stanišnih tipova za koje su
poznate empirijske kriti ne razine za depoziciju dušika, dok to nije slu aj za
velik broj stanišnih tipova (npr. poplavne i mo varne šume, mediteranska
staništa i staništa na kršu). Kako bi se moglo pratiti utjecaj taloženja dušika iz
zraka na nacionalnoj razini i pravovremeno djelovati, potrebno je odrediti
empirijske kriti ne razine za preostale osjetljive stanišne tipove i uspostaviti
program pra enja utjecaja optere enja dušikom.
U radu e se prikazati:
1) NATURA 2000 stanišni tipovi na podru ju Hrvatske za koje je
potrebno odrediti empirijske kriti ne razine i/ili uspostaviti program
pra enja utjecaja optere enja dušikom,
2) podru ja prikladna za monitoring i
3) metodologija odre ivanja kriti nih razina i okvirni plan provedbe
monitoringa.
Klju ne rije i: CLTRAP, kriti ne razine dušika, eutrofikacija, pra enje stanja,
zaštita prirode
Air Pollution and Natura 2000 Habitat Types in Croatia
Luka Škunca1,2, Marina Magajne2, Maja Masla
Grguri 3, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4
1,2
, Sanja
1
Oikon Ltd Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia; 2Geonatura Ltd, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; Gekom –
Geophysical and Ecological Modeling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia; 4Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Cara
Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
Although the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution resulted
in decrease of sulphur and nitrogen emissions in Europe, a high deposition of
nitrogen still presents a problem in the UNECE region with a prediction that
37% of Europe will be under the risk of eutrophication by 2020. Given that an
elevated deposition of nitrogen on terrestrial habitats leads to changes in the
abundance and composition of species, the use of bioindicators for exceedance
of empirical critical loads has been suggested for reporting under Article 17 of
the Habitat directive.
There are nine Natura 2000 habitat types in Croatia that have a known
empirical critical load for nitrogen deposition, but for other habitat types there
is no available information (i.e. wet swamp forests, Mediterranean and karst
habitats). In order to monitor the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in
Croatia and react promptly, there is a need to develop empirical critical loads
for nitrogen for those sensitive habitat types that lack data and develop a
nationwide monitoring programme for nitrogen deposition.
This paper will present:
1) Natura 2000 habitat types in Croatia requiring data for an empirical
critical load and/or a monitoring programme for nitrogen deposition
2) appropriate areas for monitoring and
3) methodology for empirical critical loads assessment and general plan
for the implementation of the monitoring programme
Keywords: CLTRAP, nitrogen critical load, eutrophication, monitoring, nature
protection
Ekološka mreža u kontekstu izrade i provedbe prostornih
planova, primjer Primorsko-goranske županije
Sonja Šiši 1, Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi
2
1
Javna ustanova „Priroda“, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Hrvatska (sonja.sisic@jupriroda.hr)
2
Primorsko-goranska županija, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Prema Nacrtu prijedloga uredbe o ekološkoj mreži NATURA 2000, ekološka
mreža u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji obuhva a gotovo 80% kopnene
površine. Takav prijedlog izaziva zabrinutost šire javnosti zbog mogu ih
ograni enja za budu i razvoj, pa se u radu sagledavaju posljedice uklju ivanja
ekološke mreže u prostorno-plansku dokumentaciju, odnosno analiziraju se
postoje a gra evinska podru ja u odnosu na podru ja koja e initi sastavni dio
ekološke mreže.
Na temelju provedene analize zaklju uje se da je unato velikom obuhvatu
budu e ekološke mreže NATURA 2000 u prostorno-planskoj dokumentaciji
ipak mogu e posti i ravnotežu izme u razvojnih potreba i zaštite prirode u
užem smislu.
Klju ne rije i: prostorno planiranje, ekološka mreža, NATURA 2000,
Primorsko-goranska županija
Ecological network in the context of the elaboration and
implementation of spatial plans – the example of the County
of Primorje-Gorski Kotar
Sonja Šiši 1, Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi
2
1
Priroda Public Institution, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Croatia (sonja.sisic@jupriroda.hr)
2
County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Croatia
Abstract
According to the Draft proposal for the Regulation on the NATURA 2000
ecological network, the ecological network in the County of Primorje-Gorski
Kotar will cover almost 80% of its land area. Such a proposal raises the concern
of the general public due to possible restrictions on future development. In this
paper we analyse the consequences of the introduction of the ecological
network into spatial planning documents, and make a comparative analysis of
the existing building areas and those areas which will form an integral part of
the ecological network.
Based on the analysis, we come to the conclusion that despite the large
coverage of the future NATURA 2000 ecological network in spatial planning
documents, it is nevertheless possible to achieve a balance between the needs of
development on the one hand, and the protection of nature in the strict sense on
the other.
Keywords: spatial planning, ecological network, NATURA 2000, County of
Primorje-Gorski Kotar
Provedba NATURA 2000 u šumarstvu – mogu nosti provedbe
kompenzacijskih mjera na podru ju Gorskog Kotara
Nena Rasti 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 1, Ivan Martini 1, Nenad
Mikuli 2
1
2
Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Šumarski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Eko Invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Cilj NATURE 2000, mreže ekoloških podru ja u Europskoj uniji, je o uvati ili
ponovno uspostaviti povoljno stanje zna ajnih vrsta i stanišnih tipova u
podru ju njihove prirodne rasprostranjenosti.
U tu svrhu izdvaja se reprezentativni dio površine svakog ugroženog stanišnog
tipa ili areal ugrožene vrste. U izdvajanju se koriste isklju ivo znanstveni i
stru ni kriteriji.
Prilikom izdvajanja, naj eš e se samo dio podru ja uklju i u mrežu dok drugi
dio staništa ostane izvan nje. Kod takvih staništa prilikom zahvata koji
zahtijevaju kompenzacijske mjere može se dio koji se gubi zamijeniti djelom
staništa koji je ostao izvan mreže. Takav princip zamijene mogao bi se
primijeniti na podru ju šuma Gorskog Kotara u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Na tom podru ju ve i je broj šumskih podru ja koja su uklju ena u
preliminarni popis NATURA 2000. Te šume pripadaju brdskim bukovim,
pretplaninskim bukovim, bukovo-jelovim i kontinentalnim crnogori nim
šumama. Kao primjer kompenzacije staništa, gdje prenamijenjeni dio podru ja
zamjenjujemo dijelom podru ja koji je ostao izvan mreže, prikazane su
pretplaninske bukove šume s planinskim žabnjakom na lokalitetu Vilje u
risnja kom masivu.
Klju ne rije i: Natura 2000, Kompenzacijske mjere, šume
Implementation of NATURA 2000 in Forestry – Exercising
the Compensation Measures in Gorski Kotar Region
Nena Rasti 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 1, Ivan Martini 1, Nenad
Mikuli 2
1
2
University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia
Eko Invest ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The aim of the Natura 2000 ecological network is to maintain or restore
favourable status of important species and habitat types in their natural
environment.
The most representative area of every endangered habitat type or endangered
species is selected for the purpose of its inclusion in ecological network. Only
scientific and expert criteria are used in the said selection.
Most of the times, one part of the area becomes incorporated within the
network, while the other part of the habitat remains unenclosed. In such cases,
during projects requiring compensatory measures, the part being lost may be
replaced with a part of the habitat that remains outside the network. The said
replacement principle may be applied in forests of the Gorski Kotar region.
There are many forest areas in the region that have been included in the
preliminary list of NATURA 2000 sites, belonging to hilly beech, submountain beech, beech-fir and continental coniferous forests. Sub-mountain
beech forests with mountain buttercup at the Vilje locality on the Risnjak
mountain massif are taken as an example of habitat compensation, where the
converted part is replaced with part of the area remaining outside the network.
Keywords: Natura 2000, compensatory measures, forests
SEKCIJA 3 / SECTION 3
NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU
MREŽU /
NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
POSTER PREZENTACIJE /
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Kartiranje morskih staništa Istarske županije u sklopu
SHAPE projekta i mogu nosti prakti ne primjene rezultata
Latinka Janjanin1, Zoran Poljanec2, Tajana Uzelac Obradovi
2
1
Zavod za prostorno ure enje Istarske županije, Riva 8, Pula, Hrvatska
(latinka.janjanin@istra-istria.hr)
2
Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Zavod za prostorno ure enje Istarske županije zapo eo je sustavna kartiranja
istarskog podmorja 2008. godine s ciljem odre ivanja potencijalnih morskih
podru ja NATURA 2000. Sustavna kartiranja nastavila su se i u sklopu SHAPE
projekta, u akvatoriju 9 gradova i op ina unutar zašti enog obalnog podru ja
mora. Iskartirano je 174 km obalne linije Istarske županije, ukupne površine
akvatorija 42,2 km2. Zabilježeno je 6 rijetkih i ugroženih stanišnih tipova
NATURA 2000, te 24 stanišna tipa prema hrvatskoj klasifikaciji staništa
(NKS). Analizirani podaci o morskim staništima Istre postati e osnova za
budu e održivo upravljanje i korištenje obalnog podru ja Županije (Prostorni
plan Istarske županije, Plan integralnog upravljanja obalnim podru jem), te
sastavni dio karte staništa RH i GIS Atlasa jadranske regije. Uporaba preciznih,
aktualnih karata morskih staništa tako er je preduvjet za kvalitetnu procjenu
utjecaja obalnih i morskih zahvata na okoliš i propisivanje adekvatnih mjera
zaštite i programa pra enja ugroženih vrsta i stanišnih tipova.
Klju ne rije i: kartiranje morskih staništa, SHAPE, NATURA 2000, NKS,
PUO
Marine habitats mapping in Istria county as part of SHAPE
project and possibilities for practical result aplication
Latinka Janjanin1, Zoran Poljanec2, Tajana Uzelac Obradovi
2
1
Institute for Physical Planning Region of Istria, Riva 8, Pula, Croatia
(latinka.janjanin@istra-istria.hr)
2
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Institute for Physical Planning Region of Istria began the systematic mapping
of marine habitats in 2008 with the aim to designate potential marine NATURA
2000 areas. The systematic mapping of marine habitats continued within the
framework of the SHAPE project, in aquatories of nine towns and
municipalities, within the protected marine coastal zone. Altogether, 174 km of
coastal line and a total surface of aquatories of 42,20 km2 of the Region have
been mapped. Six rare and endangered NATURA 2000 habitat types were
noted, as well as 24 habitat types according to the Croatian Habitat
Classification (CHC).
The analysed data about Istrian marine habitats will become the basis for the
future sustainable management, as well as for use of the Region coastal zone
(Physical Plan Region of Istria, Integral Coastal Zone Management Plan) and
an integral part of the Republic Habitat Map and GIS Atlas of the Adriatic
region. Use of accurate, up to date maps of marine habitats is also a prerequisite
for quality environmental impact assessment of coastal and marine projects and
prescribing adequate mitigation measures and monitoring programs of
endangered species and habitats.
Keywords: marine habitat mapping, SHAPE, NATURA 2000, national habitat
map, EIA
Revitalizacija vodnih tijela – neizbježan konflikt
hidrotehni kog, gospodarskog i ekološkog pristupa?
Robert Špani 1, Vedran Šegota1, Stjepan Dekani 1, Zoran Pišl1
1
Institut za istraživanje i razvoj održivih eko sustava, Jagodno 100a, Velika
Gorica, Hrvatska (ires@ires.hr)
Sažetak
Trend vodnogospodarskih zahvata regulacije i održavanja voda u Republici
Hrvatskoj obuhva a projekte koji u svom nazivu isti u pojam revitalizacije.
Kako se tim pojmom esto isti e svrha zahvata, stje e se dojam da je rije o
zahvatima koji bi trebali imati pozitivne utjecaje na okoliš i prirodu. No, je li
tome uistinu tako? Revitalizacija vodotoka shva a se vrlo razli ito s pozicije
vrednovanja razli itih struka. Hidrološki, ti su zahvati povoljni u smislu
održavanja vodotoka. Gra evinarski i hidrotehni ki pristup promatra
revitalizaciju kao hidrotehni ki zahvat bez obzira na svrhu promjene
hidrološkog stanja. Gospodarski (ujedno politi ki i sociološki) pristup u
revitalizaciji prirodi prepuštenog vodnog tijela vidi promjenu u okolišu kojeg se
može lakše iskoristiti u djelatnostima poput ribolova, sporta i rekreacije,
turizma, iskorištavanja energije vode, navodnjavanja i drugo. Svako se vodno
tijelo može koristiti u neku od gospodarskih svrha. No, može li održavanje
svakog vodnog tijela biti revitalizacija? Odgovor na to daje ekološki pristup
koji nadilazi sve tehni ke varijante i primjenjive svrhe takvih zahvata. Ekološki
definirana revitalizacija vodnog tijela u sklopu procjene utjecaja zahvata na
ekološku mrežu uklju uje održivi opstanak vodenog ekosustava sa svim
stanišnim tipovima i svojtama. Pri tome se traži odgovor na temeljno pitanje
koje e vrednovati takav zahvat u prirodnom okolišu: kako revitalizirati na
na in održiv za vodeni ekosustav? Ukoliko se revitalizira podru je unutar
mreže NATURA 2000, na in i opseg revitalizacije trebali bi biti definirani s
pristupa koji brani interes prirode. Zaklju no, naglašava se nužnost
interdisciplinarnog pristupa u samim po etcima planiranja takvih zahvata.
Klju ne rije i: revitalizacija, vodna tijela, hidrotehni ki zahvat, ekološki
pristup, održivost, NATURA 2000
Water bodies' revitalisation – inevitable conflict of the hydro
technical, economical and ecological approach?
Robert Špani 1, Vedran Šegota1, Stjepan Dekani 1, Zoran Pišl1
1
Institute for Research and Development of Sustainable Ecosystems, Jagodno
100a, Velika Gorica, Croatia (ires@ires.hr)
Abstract
Currently, the trends in water management in Croatia extend to the projects
with the “revitalisation” term in its title. Since this term is usually used to
explain the purpose of the water management, it is regularly uncritically
interpreted as solely positive to environment and nature. It’s obvious that
different professions interpret revitalisation in water management in many
different ways. Hydrological approach defines it as beneficial in terms of
watercourse maintenance. From hydro technical and constructional point of
view revitalisation presents hydro technical measure regardless of hydrological
status. Economical (including political and sociological) approach observe
revitalisation of (semi)natural water bodies as an opportunity for development
of fishing, sports, recreation, tourism, exploitation of water energy, irrigation
systems etc. But, can be all maintenance of water bodies defined as
revitalisation? The ecological approach could offer us the right answer –
ecologically defined revitalisation of water bodies within Ecological Network
Impact Assessment implies a sustainable conservation of water ecosystems,
habitats and taxa. The crucial issue to be answered in this process is how to
revitalise a water ecosystem in a sustainable way? If the revitalisation is
planned within NATURA 2000 sites, the modality and extent of the
revitalisation has to be defined using approach which defends the interest of
nature conservation. Finally, the necessity for interdisciplinary approach in
early stages of planning has to be stressed.
Keywords: revitalisation, water bodies, hydro technical measure, ecological
approach, sustainability, NATURA 2000
Procjena nedostatnosti podataka za morski dio NATURA
2000 mreže u Hrvatskoj
Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
1,2
, Zrinka Mesi
Antoni 1,2,3
1,2
, Edin Lugi
1
, Oleg
1
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(fkgaspic@geonatura.hr)
2
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska
3
Sveu ilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara
Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Nedostatnost podataka o morskim staništima i vrstama procijenjena je tijekom
projekta "Identifikacija i uspostavljanje morskog dijela Natura 2000 mreže u
Hrvatskoj”. Analiza nedostatnosti podataka temeljena je na procjeni svih
službeno dostupnih podataka o prostornoj rasprostranjenosti Natura 2000 vrsta i
staništa organiziranih u 34 prostorne jedinice (mezoregije). U prvom koraku
procjene nedostatnosti, provedeno je vrednovanje mezoregija (s ciljem
odre ivanja prioritetnih podru ja za dodatna istraživanja bioraznolikosti)
temeljem dva kriterija: 1) generalne razine znanja o bioraznolikosti i 2)
potencijalne (tj. modelirane u funkciji okolišnih varijabli) rasprostranjenosti
Natura 2000 staništa prema Karti staništa Republike Hrvatske (KSRH; M:100
000). Drugi korak procjene nedostatnosti obuhvatio je analizu potencijalne
prostorne varijabilnosti staništa morskog bentosa (temeljem KSRH) i
identifikaciju novih potencijalno važnih podru ja bioraznolikosti (VPB).
Dvadeset i devet novih podru ja potencijalno važnih za bioraznolikost utvr eno
je i ru no delineirano u ekspertnoj interpretaciji temeljenoj na maksimalnim
vrijednostima 1) službeno dostupnih podataka o Natura 2000 zna ajkama i 2)
stanišne raznolikosti (Shannon – Wiener indeksa) prema KSRH. Dobiveni
rezultati mogu se koristiti za dovršavanje prostorne razdiobe Natura 2000
podru ja u hrvatskom podmorju, kao i za planiranje budu ih istraživanja.
Klju ne rije i: zaštita bioraznolikosti, ekološka mreža, morska staništa, Natura
2000 podru ja, ugrožene i rijetke vrste i staništa
Data gap analysis for Natura 2000 marine network in Croatia
Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi
1,2
, Zrinka Mesi
Antoni 1,2,3
1,2
, Edin Lugi
1
, Oleg
1
Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia
(fkgaspic@geonatura.hr)
2
Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia
3
Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara
Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
The data gaps for benthic habitats and species were assessed during the project
“Identification and setting-up of the marine part of NATURA 2000 network in
Croatia”. The data gap analysis was based on evaluation of all officially
available data about spatial distribution of Natura 2000 species and habitats.
The data were organized in 34 spatial units (mesoregions). In the first step of
assessment, ranking of mesoregions (in order to select priorities for additional
biodiversity research), was carried out on the two criteria: 1) general level of
existing knowledge about biodiversity and 2) potential (i.e. modelled in a
function of environmental variables) portion of Natura 2000 habitats, according
to Habitat map of Republic of Croatia (HMRC; 1:100.000). The second step of
gap assessment comprised estimation of potential benthic habitat spatial
variability (based on HMRC) and identification of new potentially biodiversity
important areas (BIA). Twenty-nine new potential biodiversity important areas
were identified and manually delineated by expert interpretation, on the basis of
maximum values of 1) officially available data about Natura 2000 features and
2) habitat diversity (Shannon – Wiener index) according to HMRC. Results can
be used for the finalization of spatial distribution of NATURA 2000 sites along
the Adriatic sea and planning a future research efforts.
Keywords: biodiversity protection, ecological network, marine habitats, Natura
2000 sites, endangered and rare species and habitats
Primjena Priru nika za provedbu postupka Ocjene
prihvatljivosti u o uvanju ekološke mreže RH
Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Petr Roth2, Oleg Antoni 1,3,4, Zrinka Mesi
Ana ani 3, Mirna Mazija3, Vladimir Kušan1
1,3
,
1
Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju , Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb (hpeternel@oikon.hr), 2me unarodni konzultant, Prag,
eška,
3
Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,
Zagreb, Hrvatska, 4Odjel za biologiju, Sveu ilište J.J.Strossmayer, Cara
Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Kao odgovor na aktualno smanjenje biološke raznolikosti, EU je donijela dvije
direktive - Direktivu o staništima (92/43/EEC) i Direktivu o pticama
(79/409/EEC, 2009/147/EC) - s osnovnim ciljem stvaranja ekološke mreže
uvanih podru ja u Europi (NATURA 2000). U skladu sa skorašnjim
pristupanjem EU, Republika Hrvatska (RH) preuzela je u svoje zakonodavstvo
odredbe spomenutih direktiva, što se ponajprije o ituje u uspostavljenoj
Ekološkoj mreži RH, te provedbi postupka Ocjene prihvatljivosti za ekološku
mrežu (OPEM). U sklopu Projekta Conservation and Sustainable Use of
Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast through Greening Coastal Development –
COAST izra en je Priru nik za ocjenu utjecaja planiranog zahvata, neovisno o
njegovoj veli ini i lokaciji, koji sam ili „u kombinaciji“ s drugim zahvatima
može imati utjecaja na jedno ili više podru ja ekološke mreže. Priru nik
prikazuje postupak OPEM sukladno važe em zakonodavnom okviru RH prema
pojedinim fazama postupka, uklju uju i: 1) Prethodnu ocjenu zahvata, 2)
Glavnu ocjena zahvata s ocjenom drugih pogodnih mogu nosti i 3) Utvr ivanje
prevladavaju ega javnog interesa i kompenzacijskih uvjeta. U sklopu projekta
je izvršena i valorizacija biološke raznolikosti podru ja Dalmacije s obzirom na
okvirnu procjenu prihvatljivosti za izgradnju vjetroelektrana (VE).
Metodologija iz Priru nika te rezultati valorizacije biološke raznolikosti
primijenjeni su na odabranom pilot podru ju te je izra ena pilot studija Glavne
ocjene za VE emernica.
Klju ne rije i: OPEM, ekološka mreža, valorizacija biološke raznolikosti,
vjetroelektrane, COAST
Application of the Appropriate Assessment Procedure Manual
in conserving ecological network in Croatia
Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Petr Roth2, Oleg Antoni 1,3,4, Zrinka Mesi
Ana ani 3, Mirna Mazija3, Vladimir Kušan1
1,3
,
1
Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb,
Croatia (hpeternel@oikon.hr), 2international consultatnt, Prague, Czech
Republic, 3Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia, 4Josip
Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara
Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
In response to the current decrease of biodiversity, the EU adopted two
directives – Habitat Directive (92/43/EEC) and Bird Directive (79/409/EEC,
2009/147/EC) – with the primary goal of creating an ecological network of
conserved areas across the Europe (Natura 2000). In view of its forthcoming
accession to the EU, Croatia incorporated the articles of these directives into its
legislation that is evident in the first place by the establishment of the National
Ecological Network and the implementation of the Appropriate Assessment
(AA) procedure. Within the COAST project (Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast through Greening Coastal
Development) the Manual dealing with acceptability of the planned project,
regardless of its size and location, which either alone or “in combination” with
other projects can have negative impacts on ecological network, was prepared.
The Manual shows AA procedure according to the existing Croatian legislation
by individual phases, including: 1) Screening, 2) Main assessment with
assessment of alternative solutions, 3) Establishment of overriding public
interest and compensatory measures. During the project a preliminary
valorization of biodiversity in Dalmatian area with respect to acceptability of
the planned windfarms (WF) was carried out. Methodology presented in the
Manual and the results of valorization were applied to selected area and the
pilot study of Main assessment of planned WF emernica was prepared.
Keywords: Appropriate Assessment, ecological network, valorization of
biodiversity, windfarms, COAST
SEKCIJA 4 / SECTION 4
SUDJELOVANJE JAVNOSTI /
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Komunikacija dionika u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš
Mirjana Mateši 1, Dubravka Ba un2
1
HR PSOR, Pavla Hatza 12, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mirjana.matesic@hrpsor.hr)
Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Hrvatska
2
Sažetak
Europsko i hrvatsko zakonodavstvo propisuje da se za odre ene zahvate mora
provesti procjena utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, a propisano je i sudjelovanje
javnosti i zainteresirane javnosti u odlu ivanju o odre enim djelovanjima i
djelatnostima vezanim za pitanja zaštite okoliša. Sudjelovanje javnosti
višesmjerna je komunikacija svih dionika u postupku odlu ivanja koji u ovom
procesu razmjenjuju svoja mišljenja, prijedloge i primjedbe vezano za donošenje
odluka o odre enom zahvatu. Ovaj rad raspravlja o komunikaciji u postupku
procjena utjecaja na okoliš u praksi, ukazuje na poteško e s kojima se susre u
dionici, posebno investitori, ali i na poboljšanja koja su mogu a. Naglasak je na
problemima i nesporazumima koji nastaju ako komunikacija nije pravovremena,
istinita, transparentna, injeni no utemeljena te ako je se zlorabi radi
pojedina nih interesa. Razmatra se i edukativna uloga komunikacije kao važnog
procesa dijeljenja i pove anja znanja i iskustva sudionika u procesu te problem
niskog povjerenja javnosti prema zahvatima u okolišu, kao i odgovornosti
dionika s naglaskom na investitore. Definiraju se problemi koji nastaju zbog
nejasnih smjernica o granicama dosega i zna ajnosti utjecaja zahvata što težinu
procesa prebacuje na dogovor dionika i logi no razlu ivanje. Na kraju se
postavlja pitanje odgovornosti svih dionika u postupku s posebnim naglaskom na
predstavnike javne uprave o definiranju i pridržavanju rokova i troškovima koji u
tom procesu nastaju.
Klju ne rije i: komunikacija, okoliš, dionici, procjena, utjecaj
Communication of stakeholders in the process of environmental
impact assessment
Mirjana Mateši 1, Dubravka Ba un2
1
HR PSOR, Pavla Hatza 12, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.matesic@hrpsor.hr)
Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Croatia
2
Abstract
European and Croatian legislation prescribes environmental impact assessment
for specific operations. Public participation is also prescribed in decision-making
process for certain environmentally significant activities and operations. It is in
fact process of multidirectional communication of stakeholders in the decisionmaking process in which stakeholders exchange opinions, suggestions and
comments related to reaching the decision about specific action in the
environment. This paper discusses that process in practice. It stresses difficulties
which stakeholders, specifically investors encounter as well as possible
improvements. Accent is on the problems and misunderstandings which occur if
communication is not time-relevant, truth, transparent, based on facts and if it is
misused for individual gain. Paper considers communication as an important
educational tool which enables exchange and enhancement of knowledge and
experience of stakeholders as well as the problem of low level of public trust for
this process. It also considers responsibilities of stakeholders and it defines
problems which occur because of unclear guidance on boundaries of reach and
relevance of an impact what transfers the responsibility for decision on the
compromise and common sense. Finally, it raises the question of responsibility,
especially of public sector, on defining and complying with time limitation and
related expenses which occur when deadlines are not met.
Keywords: communication, environment, stakeholders, assessment, impact
Dublji uvid u praksu PUO u Hrvatskoj – istraživanje stavova o
kvaliteti i djelotvornosti postupka PUO i informiranja javnosti
Andreja Pavlovi 1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Daria Mateljak1
1
Hauska & Partner, Ilica 246a, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(andreja.pavlovic@hauska.com)
2
EKO INVEST, Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(nenad.mikulic@ekoinvest.hr)
Sažetak
U sklopu uskla ivanja hrvatskog zakonodavstva o zaštiti okoliša sa
zakonodavstvom EU Hrvatska je 2007. donijela Zakon o zaštiti, a godinu dana
kasnije i dvije nove uredbe kojima je regulirano podru je procjene utjecaja a
okoliš i sudjelovanja javnosti.
Proteklih godina oba su ova podru ja u estalo kritizirana kao nedovoljno
djelotvorna i kvalitetna, ali do sada nije provedeno sveobuhvatno istraživanje
stavova koje bi omogu ilo dublji uvid u mišljenja i stavove relevantnih sudionika
postupaka PUO o pojedinim klju nim pitanjima i stvorilo podlogu za daljnje
unapre enje prakse.
Cilj je ovog rada predstaviti rezultate istraživanja stavova relevantnih sudionika
postupaka PUO koje je provela Hauska & Partner u okviru partnerske suradnje s
Hrvatskom udrugom stru njaka za zaštitu prirode i okoliša. Za ovu je potrebu
osmišljen poseban upitnik s Likertovom skalom.
Klju ne rije i: uskla ivanje zakonodavstva, djelotvornost i kvaliteta postupaka
PUO, istraživanje stavova sudionika PUO, Likertova skala
A deeper insight into the practice of the EIA in Croatia research on attitudes about the quality and effectiveness of the
EIA and public information
Andreja Pavlovi 1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Daria Mateljak1
1
Hauska & Partner, Ilica 246a, Zagreb, Croatia,
(andreja.pavlovic@hauska.com)
2
EKO INVEST, Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia (nenad.mikulic@ekoinvest.hr)
Abstract
Within the framework of the Croatian environmental legislation harmonization
with the EU acquis Croatia passed the Environmental Protection Act in 2007 and
a year after the two new ordinances regulating the area of environment impact
assessment and the public participation. Over the last years both of these areas
have been frequently criticized as insufficiently effective and low-quality.
Nevertheless, to date there is no comprehensive research of attitudes that would
provide deeper insight into the opinions and attitudes of relevant stakeholders in
the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure (the EIA) on certain key issues
and thus create a basis for further improvement of the practice. The aim of this
paper is to present the results of the research on the attitudes of relevant
stakeholders of the EIA that was conducted by Hauska & Partner within the
partnership cooperation with the Croatian Association of Experts for the
Protection of Nature and Environment. For the research purposes a special
questionnaire was designed with Likert scale.
Keywords: Harmonization of law, the EIA effectiveness and, research of attitudes
of the EIA participants, Likert scale
Analysis of the public participation in Environmental Impact
Assessment procedures
Jelena Fressl1, Marta Brki 1, Marijana Bakula1, Ivana Šari
1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Croatia (jelena.fressl@dvokutecro.hr,
marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr,
marijana.bakula@dvokut-ecro.hr,
ivana.saric@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
The Republic of Croatia is a signatory party of the Aarhus convention - The
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making
and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. With it, Croatia has accepted the
obligation for public participation in environmental impact assessment processes
which was introduced in to the legislation framework through the Environmental
Protection Act and pursuant special regulations. These define an appropriate way
of informing the public that an EIA procedure was initiated, format of the public
debate, the obligation of submitting EIA studies to public inspection and the
obligation of the public discussion regarding the EIA.
Despite the standardized procedure of public participation in environmental
matters, in the field the differences in public participation have been noticed
depending on the region of the Republic of Croatia and also on the character of
the project. This paper tested this hypothesis by statistically analyzing publicly
available data to determine differences in regional public involvement as well as
which types of projects local communities find acceptable and which cause
negative reactions of the public. Often, in the course of public debates and
discussions public questions do not regard the environmental impact assessment
but spatial planning or proprietary dilemmas, which was also taken into account
in this paper.
Keywords: public participation, environmental impact assessment
Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš
i isho enja okolišne dozvole: iskustva dobivena kroz projekt
Antonija Ujakovi 1, Tena Petrovi
1
Safege
d.o.o.,
Maksimirska
(antonija.ujakovic@safege.hr)
101,
1
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
Potpisivanjem Aarhuške konvencije Hrvatska je stvorila pretpostavke za šire
mogu nosti sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima odlu ivanja o okolišu,
uklju uju i postupke procjene utjecaja na okoliš i utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta
zaštite okoliša. Iako Konvencija zagovara rano i djelotvorno sudjelovanje
javnosti, pitanje uspješne provedbe tih na ela u praksi ostaje otvoreno.
Cilj rada je ukazati na probleme koji nastaju prilikom uklju ivanja javnosti u
postupke procjene utjecaja na okoliš i isho enja okolišne dozvole, a putem
iskustva dobivenog kroz projekt “Uspostava centara za provedbu IPPC direktive
na regionalnoj razini u Hrvatskoj“. U sklopu projekta proveden je niz radionica
na temu sudjelovanja javnosti u pitanjima okoliša, te je kroz simulaciju javnih
rasprava i temeljem podataka dobivenih od dionika procesa (nadležna tijela,
industrija, ovlaštenici i javnost) dobiven uvid u trenutno stanje uloge javnosti.
Rad obra uje rezultate dobivene putem upitnika koje su ispunjavali sudionici
radionica, a koji upu uju na podru ja koja zahtijevaju poboljšanja. Posebno se
isti e pitanje interesa javnosti za pitanja okoliša, te dodatne edukacije javnosti
koja bi joj omogu ila da se postavi kao ravnopravan partner u komunikaciji s
industrijom i nadležnim tijelima. Zaklju ak rada ine prijedlozi za poboljšanje
trenutne situacije uklju ivanja javnosti te samim time unaprje enje procesa
uskla ivanja hrvatskog pravnog sustava s pravnom ste evinom Europske
zajednice.
Klju ne rije i: Aarhuška konvencija, javnost, radionice, EU projekt
Public participation in the process of Environmental Impact
Assessment and of issuing environmental permits: experiences
gained in the project
Antonija Ujakovi 1, Tena Petrovi
1
Safege
d.o.o.,
Maksimirska
(antonija.ujakovic@safege.hr)
101,
1
Zagreb,
Hrvatska
Abstract
By signing the Aarhus Convention, Croatia created preconditions for wider
possibilities of public participation in the process of making environmental
decisions, including procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment and in
determining integrated environmental requirements. Although the said
Convention advocates early and efficient public participation, the issue of
successful implementation of such principles remains open.
Aim of this paper is to point out the problems arising from public participation in
the process of Environmental Impact Assessment and of issuing environmental
permits gained through experience on the project “Establishment of Centres for
Implementation of IPPC at Regional Level in Croatia“. The project included
organisation of a series of workshops on public participation. By simulating real
public debates and by collecting data from stakeholders (competent authorities,
industry, authorized consultant organizations and the public) the insight into the
current role of public was gained. This paper summarizes the results gained
through questionnaires filled in by workshop participants which indicate issues to
be improved. Special attention is given to the issue of public interest in
environmental questions, as well as additional education that would make it an
equal partner in communication with the industry and competent authorities. The
conclusion of the paper contains suggestions for improvement of the existing
situation regarding public involvement, concurrently meaning enhancements of
the process of aligning Croatian legal system with the acquis communautaire.
Keywords: Aarhus Convention, public, workshops, EU project
Energetski projekti i javnost
Mirjana erškov Klika1, Hrvojka Šunji
1
1
APO d.o.o. usluge zaštite okoliša – lan HEP Grupe, Savska c. 41/IV, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (mirjana.cerskov-klika@apo.hr)
Sažetak
U svakom energetskom projektu je od osobitog zna aja i segment zaštite okoliša
posebice i zbog toga što javnost obi no suženo, i isklju ivo kroz nekoliko
elemenata vezanih uz okoliš, gleda na cjelinu projekta. Prihvatljivost
elektroenergetskih projekta se u javnosti pojednostavljuje i ocjenjuje ve inom po
njihovom utjecaju na okoliš.
U cilju izbjegavanja aprioristi kog odbacivanja temeljenog na predrasudama, od
samog po etka planiranja projekta, potrebno je raditi na postupnom
predstavljanju i stru nom prikazu okolišnih aspekata projekta te kroz edukaciju i
suradnju s javnosti na svim razinama, stvarati i održavati pozitivnu atmosferu ili
okruženje projekta.
Klju ne rije i: energetski projekt, zaštita okoliša, javnost
Energy projects and public
Mirjana erškov Klika1, Hrvojka Šunji
1
1
APO Ltd. Environmental Services – HEP Group member, Savska c. 41/IV,
Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.cerskov-klika@apo.hr)
Abstract
In energy project from big importance is a segment of environmental protection,
specially, because in the general public view through few elements connected to
the environment one looks at the whole project.
The acceptance of these projects is simplified in the public view and then judged
by the environmental impact it creates.
In the main aim of trying to avoid the dismissal on the basis of prejudice from the
start of the project planning, one needs to work on first gradual introduction of all
environmental aspects of the projects and then through education and cooperation
with the public on all level create and sustain a positive atmosphere about the
project in hand.
Keywords: energy project, environmental protection, public
Participativni postupci u procesu krajobraznog planiranja
Dora Tomi 1, Sonja Butula1
1
Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb,
Hrvatska (dtomic@agr.hr)
Sažetak
Prilikom donošenja odluka o prostoru, a sa ciljem postizanja održivog razvoja,
važno je da razvojni i zaštitni zahtjevi budu me usobno uskla eni. Odluke o
prostoru, usmjerene ka održivom razvoju, ujedno zahtijevaju i aktivno
uklju ivanje javnosti na svim razinama. Zato je, uz stru ne zahtjeve za razvojem
i zaštitom prostora, potrebno uvažiti i implementirati i društvene. Upravo
krajobrazno planiranje kao dio prostornog planiranja uvažava da komponenta
društva i javnosti ima važnu ulogu u aktivnostima planiranja i upravljanja
prostorom, pa tako i krajobrazom. Ujedno u proces donošenja odluka o razvoju
implementira zaštitno okolišne kriterije. Time se smanjuje naknadna mogu nost
konflikta razvoja i zaštite ali se i priprema zaštitno utemeljena podloga za
stratešku procjenu utjecaja na okoliš.
Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na važnost sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima
planiranja kroz pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja, te dati pregled participativnih
postupaka koji mogu biti korišteni kao alati planiranja i tako doprinijeti održivom
i društveno prihvatljivom donošenju odluka o prostoru. Uvažavanjem društvenog
konsenzusa o razvoju i zaštiti prostora sa istovremenim pove anjem znanja i
informacija svih dionika o problemu i metodama rješavanja problema, može se
posti i bolje prihva anje odluka ali i ve a pogodnost te odluke za sve dionike u
prostoru. Tako er je ukazana potreba implementacije krajobraznog planiranja u
proces prostornog planiranja i donošenja odluka o razvoju i zaštiti.
Klju ne rije i: krajobraz, planiranje, javnost, participativni postupci
Participatory Methods in the Landscape Planning Process
Dora Tomi 1, Sonja Butula1
1
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb,
Croatia (dtomic@agr.hr)
Abstract
When making spatial decisions with sustainable development objectives it is
necessary to harmonize conservational and development requirements. Spatial
decisions, aimed at sustainable development, also require active public
involvement at all levels. Thus, it is important to include and implement the
social requirements for development and protection, along with expert demands,
in the decision making process. Precisely, landscape planning, as a part of spatial
planning, accepts that the public and social component have an important role in
spatial and landscape planning and management. Also, it includes environmental
protection criteria in the decision making process. This reduces the subsequent
possibility of development and conservational conflicts and prepares
conservational based foundation for strategic impact assessment.
The object of this paper is to point out the importance of public participation in
planning process through overview of recent researches, and indicate the
participatory methods that can be used as planning instrument in sustainable and
socially acceptable spatial decision making. Accepting the social consensus on
spatial development and conservation with simultaneous increasing of
stakeholders’ knowledge and information about problems and problem solving
methods can reach a better decision acceptance and also better suitability of a
decision for all stakeholders.
Additionally, the paper indicates the need for implementing landscape planning
into spatial planning processes, as well as development and conservation decision
making.
Keywords: landscape, planning, public, participatory methods
Mišljenja zainteresirane javnosti i odluke lokalne zajednice u
donošenju odluka vezanih za procjene utjecaja na okoliš
Juraj Kamenjarin1, Ivana Raj 2, Goranka Adam3, Benedikt
Aljinovi 4
1
Prirodoslovno-matemati ki fakultet, Teslina 12, Split, Hrvatska (jk@pmfst.hr)
Fuležina 1, Kaštel Stari, Hrvatska
3
Put Butiri a 7, Kaštel Kambelovac, Hrvatska
4
Putaljski put 15, Kaštel Su urac, Hrvatska
2
Sažetak
Namjera rada je izvijestiti javnost te nadležne institucije o zanemarivanju
mišljenja ili neuklju ivanju zainteresirane javnosti kao i nepoštivanje odluka
lokalne samouprave i zajednice u postupcima vezanim za procjene utjecaja na
okoliš u Kaštelanskom zaljevu.
Kaštelanski zaljev s oko 260 000 stanovnika, prekomjerno je optere en razli itim
toksi nim tvarima što je posljedica snažne industrije koja je nekada bila
razvijena. Danas su na ovom podru ju ostale cementare i željezara koje spadaju
u velike one iš iva e okoliša. Tome doprinosi i injenica da su cementare prije
desetak godina prešle na ekološki neprihvatljivija kruta goriva kao što su petrol
koks i opasni otpad. Trenutno su u fazi traženja dozvola za korištenja RDF-a.
Javnost i lokalna samouprava protive se tim nastojanjima. U radu se iznose
aktivnosti Povjerenstva za pra enje stanja u okolišu Gradskog vije a Grada
Kaštela i zainteresirane javnosti. Aktivnosti usmjerene u cilju zaštite okoliša,
ometane su kršenjem Arhuške konvencije.
Može se s velikom vjerojatnoš u pretpostaviti da su nadležna tijela i institucije
Republike Hrvatske prekršili ustavna prava gra ana na zdrav i isti okoliš, pravo
gra ana na pristup informacijama i sudjelovanje u donošenju odluka o pitanjima
okoliša, te itav niz zakona, uredbi, protokola, prostornih planova, konvencija,
kao i direktiva EU.
Klju ne rije i: Kaštelanski zaljev, javnost, okoliš
Opinion of public and decisions of local communities in making
decisions related to environmental impact assessment
Juraj Kamenjarin1, Ivana Raj 2, Goranka Adam3, Benedikt
Aljinovi 4
1
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Teslina 12, Split, Croatia
(jk@pmfst.hr)
2
Fuležina 1, Kaštel Stari, Croatia
3
Put Butiri a 7, Kaštel Kambelovac, Croatia
4
Putaljski put 15, Kaštel Su urac, Croatia
Abstract:
The intention of this paper is to inform the public and relevant institutions about
the neglect of opinion or not including the interested public as well as
disregarding decisions of local governments and communities in the proceedings
relating to environmental impact assessment in the Kaštela Bay.
The Kaštela Bay with about 260 000 inhabitants, is over burdened by a variety of
toxic substances as a result of strong industry that was once developed. Today, in
this area, only cement and steel companies, as big polluters of the environment,
are left. This is contributed by the fact that cement plant switched to
environmentally unacceptable solid fuels such as petroleum coke and hazardous
waste a decade ago. They are currently seeking permission to use RDF. The
public and local government oppose these efforts. This paper presents the
activities of the Commission for the environmental monitoring of the City
Council of the City of Kastela and the interested public. Activities focused to
environmental protection have been interrupted by violating the Aarhus
Convention.
It can be assumed with high probability that the competent authorities and
institutions of the Republic of Croatia have violated the constitutional rights of
citizens to a healthy and clean environment, the right of citizens to access to
information and participation in decision-making on environmental issues, and
series of laws, regulations, protocols, spatial plans, conventions and EU
directives.
Keywords: Kaštela Bay, public, enviroment
Inclusion of Public and Concerned Public in Environmental
Protection Affairs
Konrad Kiš1, Marta Brki
1
1
Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (konrad.kis@dvokut-ecro.hr,
marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
A few recent decades brought substantial changes in the field of environmental
protection. Rising environmental protection awareness significantly increased the
number of parties involved in the decision-making process, while provisions of
the Aarhus Convention considerably raised the possibilities of inclusion of
broader public into the environmental protection informing and decision making
process. Various non-government organizations and other civil society instances
("concerned public", as defined by the Convention) as well as individuals active
in the environmental protection field make continuous efforts to enhance their
influence in the decision making process, greatly aided by the media, and
appreciably influence the creation of general public's opinion which is often
based on superficial, incomplete or misinterpreted facts.
The article shortly analyses three practical cases of environmental impact
assessment and describes general trends in the environmental protection field,
presenting the current state regarding the conflict management, policy and
decision-making process.
Keywords: environmental policy, environmental NGOs, decision-making,
inclusion of public
Pregled sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja
na okoliš na podru ju Me imurske županije
Sandra Golubi
Me imurska županija, Upravni odjel za zaštitu okoliša i komunalno
gospodarstvo,
Ru era
Boškovi a
2,
akovec,
Hrvatska
(sandra.golubic@medjimurska-zupanija.hr)
Sažetak
Procjena utjecaja na okoliš je postupak procjene mogu ih zna ajnih utjecaja
predloženih zahvatom na okoliš, odnosno utvr ivanje mogu ih direktnih i
indirektnih u inaka zahvata na tlo, vodu, more, zrak, šume, klimu, ljude, biljni i
životinjski svijet, krajobraz, materijalnu imovinu,kulturnu baštinu uzimaju i u
obzir njihove me uodnose.
Jedno od temeljnih prava u demokratskim društvima je pravo javnosti da bude
informirana, da komentira i sudjeluje u odlu ivanju o pitanjima koja imaju
direktan utjecaj na kvalitetu njihovog života. Sudjelovanje javnosti je bilo koji
proces putem kojeg gra ani utje u na javne odluke koje se ti u njihovog života i
života njihovih sugra ana.
U radu je dan pregled sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na
okoliš od 2001. do 2012. godine, pregled problema povezanih sa sudjelovanjem
javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš temeljem opažanja prilikom
provedbe postupaka na podru ju županije, upravljanje postupkom kako bi se
pružio primjeren proces sudjelovanja javnosti te ispunjenje standarda koje
preporu aju me unarodne organizacije.
Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš je iznimno važno.
Lokalna zajednica poznaje podru je zahvata koje je predmet ocjene i može
osigurati važne informacije, esto nepoznate tijelima nadležnim za provedbu
postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, sudjelovanje javnosti
A Survey of Public Participation in Environmental Impact
Assessment Procedures in Me imurje County
Sandra Golubi
Me imurje County, Department of Environmental Protection and Municipal
Services, Ru era Boškovi a 2, akovec, Croatia (sandra.golubic@medjimurskazupanija.hr)
Abstract
Environmental impact assessment is a procedure of assessing possible significant
impacts proposed by environmental intervention, or establishing possible direct
and indirect impacts of environmental interventions on soil, water, sea, air,
forests, climate, people, wildlife, landscape, material assets, and cultural heritage,
taking into account interrelations between them.
One of the fundamental rights in democratic societies is the right of the public to
be informed, to comment on, and to participate in making decisions about issues
which directly influence the quality of their lives. Public participation is any
process by which citizens influence public decisions concerning their and their
fellow townspeople's lives.
The paper gives a survey of public participation in environmental impact
assessment procedures in the period between 2001 and 2012, a survey of
problems connected with public participation in environmental impact
assessment procedures based on observation upon conducting the procedures in
the county, managing the procedure in order to enable an adequate process of
public participation, and meeting the standards recommended by international
organisations.
Public participation in environmental impact assessment procedure is extremely
important. The local community is familiar with the scope of the intervention
which is the subject of assessment, and can provide important information often
unfamiliar to authorities responsible for conducting environmental impact
assessment procedure.
Keywords: environmental impact assessment, public participation
Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima PUO i SPUO u gradu
Rijeci i Primorsko-goranskoj županiji
Tanja Saulig Brajdi 1, Koraljka Vahtar – Jurkovi
2
1
Grad Rijeka, Korzo 16, Rijeka, Hrvatska (tanja.saulig@rijeka.hr)
Primorsko-goranska županija, Riva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska (koraljka.vahtarjurkovic@pgz.hr)
2
Sažetak
U postupcima Procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO) i Strateške procjene utjecaj na
okoliš (SPUO) sudjelovanje javnosti regulirano je pripadaju im uredbama. Iako
je zakonodavac predvidio procedure sudjelovanja javnosti, pravi izazov ostaje
njihova primjena u praksi. esto je sudjelovanje samo formalno, bez stvarne
mogu nosti utjecaja na odlu ivanje, naj eš e iz razloga što se javnost uklju uje
kasno, u trenutku kad su klju ne odluke o zahvatima ve donesene. Tako er,
javnost esto niti nije dovoljno educirana da kompetentno sudjeluje u navedenim
procesima, ve se sudjelovanje svodi na a priori protivljenje zahvatima za koje se
provodi procjena utjecaja na okoliš, bez konstruktivnih prijedloga za
prilago avanje zahvata uvjetima u okolišu ili mjera ublažavanja i kompenzacije.
U radu je dan prikaz sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja
zahvata na okoliš u gradu Rijeci, te postupku strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš
u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji s osvrtom na kvalitativni i kvantitativni doprinos,
te opseg sudjelovanja javnosti.
Na kraju su dane preporuke za unaprje ivanje, odnosno poboljšanje sudjelovanja
javnosti u navedenim procesima u budu nosti (bolje informiranost i edukacija
javnosti, pravovemeno obavještavanje javnosti, priprema netehni kog sažetka na
jeziku razumljivom široj javnosti i sl.).
Za bolju participaciju javnosti u procesima PUO i SPUO potrebna je suradnja i
trud obiju strana, i javnosti, ali i tijela i institucija koje provode iste.
Klju ne rije i: sudjelovanje javnosti, grad Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska županija,
procjena utjecaja na okoliš, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš
Public participation in EIA and SEA in the City of Rijeka and
Primorsko-goranska County
Tanja Saulig Brajdi 1, Koraljka Vahtar – Jurkovi
2
1
Grad Rijeka, Korzo 16, Rijeka, Hrvatska (tanja.saulig@rijeka.hr)
Primorsko-goranska županija, Riva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska (koraljka.vahtarjurkovic@pgz.hr)
2
Abstract
In the procedures of Envronmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA) public participation is regulated according to
related acts. Although the legislator has provided procedures for public
participation, the real challenge remains in their implementation in practice. Very
often, the participation is only formal, without influence on decision-making. The
main reason is because the public is involved in late phase when the key
decisions are already made. In addition, the public is often not educated enough
to take part in competent manner within those processes. Participation mainly
comprises of a priori contrary attitude towards projects under environmental
impact assessment procedure, without constructive proposals for project
adjustments to environmental conditions nor mitigation or compensation
measures.
In this paper is presented public participation in the environmental impact
assessment procedures in the city of Rijeka and strategic environmental
assessment in Primorsko-goranska county with regards to qualitative and
quantitative public contribution and extent of participants.
At the end are given some recommendations for improvements of public
participation in the future in processes mentioned before (better public
information and education, in time public information, document preparation in
manner understandable to public etc.).
For better public participation in the processess of EIA and SEA, the cooperation
and effort of both sides, public and bodies and institutions that carry out those
processess is needeed.
Keywords: public participation, City of Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska County,
Environmetntal Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment
Informiranje javnosti o planiranim aktivnostima – projekt HES
Senj II faza
Dražen Lovri 1, Ivan Vu kovi
1
2
HEP d.d.,Ulica Grada Vukovara 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (drazen.lovric@hep.hr)
Elektroprojekt d.d.,Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska
2
Sažetak
U sklopu aktivnosti koje prethode postupku procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš,
Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. izvijestila je nadležno Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i
prirode o namjeri izrade Studije o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš za projekt HES Senj
II faza. U svrhu pravovremenog izvješ ivanja javnosti o svim aktivnostima na
predmetnom projektu, u dogovoru s nadležnim tijelom, pokrenut je neobvezni
Postupak izdavanja upute o sadržaju Studije o utjecaju na okoliš na zahtjev
Investitora. U tu svrhu, od strane angažiranih Ovlaštenika, izra en je Zahtjev za
izdavanjem upute o sadržaju Studije za predmetni zahvat.
Za potrebe informiranja klju nih dionika i sve zainteresirane javnosti na podru ju
od utjecaja od izgradnje HES Senj II faza održana su etiri ciljana izlaganja.
Projekt je predstavljen predstavnicima podru ne i lokalne samouprave u Gradu
Gospi u, te svoj zainteresiranoj javnosti u Gornjem Kosinju, Gradu Oto cu i
Gradu Senju. U radu su analizirane klju ne poruke iznesene na javnim
izlaganjima, te su iste analizirane obzirom na mjesto održavanja skupa i interese
sudionika sastanka. Tako er, dana je ocjena o potrebitosti provo enja postupka
izdavanja upute o sadržaju Studije o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš i pravovremenog
informiranja javnosti o svim aktivnostima koji se provode na velikim
energetskim projektima.
Uspore uju i ukupni broj provedenih postupaka procjene utjecaja zahvata na
okoliš i broj provedenih postupaka za izdavanjem upute o sadržaju Studije, može
se zaklju iti da Investitori u najve em dijelu izbjegavaju pokretanje postupka
definiranja sadržaja Studije. U radu se ne analiziraju razlozi izbjegavanja tog, ali
se kroz konkretan primjer projekta HES Senj II faza izdvajaju prednosti dobivene
provo enjem tog postupka.
Klju ne rije i: informiranje javnosti, akumulacija, hidroelektrana, utjecaji
Public disclosure of the activities related to the HES Senj
project - II phase
Dražen Lovri 1, Ivan Vu kovi
1
2
HEP d.d.,Ulica Grada Vukovara 37, Zagreb, Croatia (drazen.lovric@hep.hr)
Elektroprojekt d.d.,Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia
2
Abstract
As a part of the activities preceding the procedure of environmental impact
assessment, Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. has informed Ministry of
Environmental and Nature Protection of its intention of preparing Environmental
Impact Study. For the purpose of adequate public reporting and informing about
all activities connected to project, in consultation with competent authority,
Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. has carried out optional process of defining content
of Environmental Impact Study. For the purpose of process, authorised
companies have prepared request for defining the content of Study.
Key stakeholders and interested public in area under project influence were
informed about project by four meetings. Project was presented to the
representatives of regional and local authorities in Gospi , and to all citizens in
the Gornji Kosinj, Oto ac and Senj. This paper analyses key messages presented
on public meetings and respond of participants depending on their interest and
location of meetings. Based on significant amount of collected information, paper
has analysed necessity of the process of defining the content of Environmental
Impact Study in large energy projects.
Analysing the number of performed process of defining the content of
Environmental Impact Study it can be concluded that Investors mostly avoiding
the process. The paper does not analyse reasons for avoiding this, but through a
concrete example of performing this process in project HES Senj – second phase,
quote all benefits gained by performing this process.
Keywords:public information, accumulation, hydropower plant, impacts
Public involvement in environmental decision making processes
within Nature Park Medvednica
Nataša Lovri
1,2
, Marko Lovri
1,2
1
EFICEEC - EFISEE Regional Office, European Forest Institute, Zaj eva 28,
Zagreb, Croatia (natasa.lovric@efi.int)
2
Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
Abstract
This research aims to identify the stakeholder’s and citizen’s involvement within
the environmental planning processes for Nature Park Medvednica, trough
assessment of their level of participation and way of involvement. Nature Park
Medvednica is a mountainous protected area adjacent to Zagreb, the capital city
of Croatia. Its spatial planning process was taken as an example case. The
phenomenology of this case is within its spanning onto thirty years long three
decision making attempts while this Nature Park struggles to hold back the
pressure of urbanization. Because of the inexistence of spatial plan, which is
required with the Croatian laws, its area was significantly decreased in 2009 and
its territory was accordingly environmentally distressed. The study was
conducted in the framework of stakeholder analysis, for which a series of indepth interviews with – identified stakeholders were performed, as well as
documents concerning the spatial planning and participation process were
analyzed. The data gathered explains which are the disadvantages of the three
processes of the spatial plan formulation and in which way they were involving
public within those decision making processes. Description of the past and
current spatial planning situation of the NP Medvednica was given as well as
issues and stakeholders involved concerning the creation of the spatial plan
where identified. The key conflict areas that affect the formulation of spatial plan
were methodologically detected and examined. The level of involvement of
stakeholders in the context of fulfillment of their own interests was assessed as
well as the influence on participation processes of different stakeholder groups
concerning the formulation of this spatial plan. In order to have proper citizens
and stakeholders involvement exercised some changes in the ordinance on
informing and public involvement within environmental issues should be made
accordingly.
Keywords:
processes.
public, stakeholders, citizens, involvement, decision making
Stakeholders participation in the transposition of Natura 2000
directives in Croatian forestry
Marko Lovri
1,2
, Nataša Lovri
1,2
1
EFICEEC - EFISEE Regional Office, European Forest Institute, Zaj eva 28,
Zagreb, Croatia (marko.lovric@efi.int)
2
Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
Abstract
Natura 2000 is the nature protection network of the European Union, and its
overall goal is to reach favourable conservation status of the habitats and species
of Community interest. It is based on the Birds Directive and on the Habitats
Directive, which the member states of the EU have to transpose into their
legislation. This research follows such policy formulation process; the expert
working group on Natura 2000 on forestry in Croatia. The task of the working
group was to participate in the forestry-related part of the expert proposal of
Natura 2000, under the leadership of State institute on nature protection. The
expert group is composed of many stake holding organizations which have
diverging opinions and information both on Natura 2000 and forestry.
The research aims at explaining on how stakeholders influence this policy
formulation. Data is gathered through interviews, non-participant observation,
questionnaires and from secondary sources. Social network analysis is performed
on quantitative data, where the interpersonal communication is founded in
Friedkin`s models of interpersonal influence, and organizational data is
theoretically bound in the Resource dependence perspective.
Results show that the communication channels follow the patterns of
interpersonal influence, which also are to a certain extent mirrored in the network
of organizations whose members are in the working group. Findings support the
assumption of the working group as a venue of a classical policy formulation
process, in which scientific and political discourse have played an equal role.
This kind of broad inclusion of stakeholders brought rise to a high level of
procedural justice not usually found in the transposition of Natura 2000 among
the Eastern EU members, and as such will probably contribute to diminishing of
post-accession conflicts related to the implementation of the Network.
Keywords: Natura 2000, policy formulation, stakeholders, participation
SEKCIJA 5 / SECTION 5
ZAŠTITA OKOLIŠA I FINANCIRANJE PROJEKATA /
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PROJECT FINANCING
Uloga pretpristupnih programa EU i strukturnih fondova EU
u ja anju infrastrukture zaštite okoliša
Marija Vojnovi
1
Euroconsilium d.o.o. poslovno savjetovanje, Ivana Lu
Zagreb, Hrvatska (marija.vojnovic@euroconsilium.hr)
a 5, HR-10000
Sažetak
Uskla ivanje s pravnom ste evinom EU za države kandidate i nove države
lanice EU-a ozna ava proces uvo enja okolišnog zakonodavstva Unije u
nacionalni zakonodavni okvir. Zna ajan dio pravne ste evine odnosi se na nova
pravila u sektoru gospodarenja otpadom, što uklju uje i ja anje komunalne
infrastrukture. Tako je Hrvatska kroz pretpristupne fondove ISPA/IPA zapo ela
izgradnju županijskih centara za gospodarenje otpadom na priobalnom
podru ju. Nove države lanice su putem pretpristupnih fondova i strukturnih
fondova EU znatno podigle cjelokupni sustav gospodarenja otpadom,
pridonose i europskim ciljevima održivog razvoja. U radu se razmatraju
razli iti aspekti koji su vezani uz pripremu, evaluaciju i implementaciju
infrastrukturnih projekata gospodarenja otpadom, prikladnih za EU
sufinanciranje. Iako je Hrvatska u zadnjih nekoliko godina postigla napredak u
sektoru gospodarenja otpadom kroz poboljšani zakonodavni i strateški okvir, te
po etak uspostave integriranog sustava gospodarenja otpadom u pojedinim
županijama, analizom postignutih rezultata unutar ISPA/IPA fonda vidljivo je
da se RH suo ava sa sli nim izazovima kao i nove države lanice EU-a. Kako
se stjecanjem punopravnog lanstva RH u EU otvara prilika javnim
kompanijama u sektoru gospodarenja otpadom za izdašnijim korištenjem EU
sredstava kroz sufinanciranje projekata Europskog fonda za regionalni razvoj,
ovaj rad daje strateške preporuke kako pove ati apsorpciju dostupnih EU
sredstava u programskom 2014-2020.
Klju ne rije i: gospodarenje otpadom, infrastrukturni projekti gospodarenja
otpadom, pretpristupni fondovi EU, strukturni fondovi EU.
The role of EU pre-accession programs and EU structural
funds in the fostering of environmental infrastructure
Marija Vojnovi
1
Euroconsilium Ltd. management consulting, Ivana Lu
Zagreb, Croatia (marija.vojnovic@euroconsilium.hr)
a 5, HR-10000
Abstract
The harmonization of EU acquis communautaire for EU candidate countries
and new Member States relates to the process of transposition of EU
environmental acquis into national legislative framework. Significant part of
the environmental acquis introduced new regulations in the waste management
sector that require strengthening of communal infrastructure. Croatia starts to
build several County Waste Management Centers on the Adriatic coast by
using pre-accession ISPA/IPA funds. New EU Member States have
significantly enhanced their waste management sector by using pre-accession
and Structural funds, thus contributing to the European sustainable
development goals. The paper discusses several aspects related to the
preparation, evaluation and implementation of the infrastructural waste
management projects, suitable for EU co-financing. Although Croatia has
recently achieved progress in the waste management sector through
improvements of its legal and strategic framework, combined with
establishment of integral waste management system in several Counties, an
analysis of ISPA/IPA results indicates that Croatia is still facing similar
challenges as new EU Member States. By receiving full membership status,
Croatian public waste management companies will have opportunity to use
more EU grants for projects co-financed within European Regional
Development Fund. As such, this paper provides strategic recommendations
how to increase absorption capacities of EU funds in the 2014-2020 period.
Keywords: waste management, infrastructural waste management projects, preaccession EU funds, EU Structural funds.
Veliki infrastrukturni projekti u podru ju zaštite okoliša Osnovni principi pripreme projekata za prijavu na
financiranje iz EU fondova
Andreja Neral Lamza
Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku u inkovitost, Ksaver 208, Zagreb,
Hrvatska
Sažetak
U radu je prikazan pregled EU fondova u teku em i sljede em programskom
razdoblju dostupnih za financiranje programa i projekata iz podru ja zaštite
okoliša. Tako er je prikazano upravljanje projektnim ciklusom s fokusom na
fazu pripreme projekata te opisom i kronologijom pripreme projektne
dokumentacije za infrastrukturne projekte iz podru ja zaštite okoliša potrebne
za prijavu na financiranje iz EU fondova. U dijelu u kojom se opisuje
dokumentacija naglašeni su osnovni zahtjevi EU vezani uz održivost i
prihvatljivost projekta za EU sufinanciranje. U radu je posebno prikazana
metoda izra una sudjelovanja EU fondova u financiranju projekata koji
generiraju prihod. Rad uklju uje i primjer iz prakse s konkretnim izra unom
iznosa EU sufinanciranja.
Klju ne rije i: EU fondovi, veliki projekti, zaštita okoliša, priprema projekata
Environmental major infrastructure projects – Basic
principles for preparation of projects applying for EU funds
Andreja Neral Lamza
Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund, Ksaver 208, Zagreb,
Croatia
Abstract
This paper is providing overview of available EU funds in this and next
programming period for financing the programmes and projects in the area of
environmental protection. It also elaborates the project cycle management with
primarily focusing on project preparation stage with description and chronology
of document preparation for environmental infrastructure projects in order to
apply for EU co financing. In document description emphasis was placed on
justification of project viability and acceptability for EU co financing. This
paper places particular accent on the method for calculation of EU contribution
for the revenue generating projects. The real example of EU contribution
calculation is also included.
Keywords: EU funds, major projects, environmental protection, project
preparation
Projekti gospodarenja otpadom - izazovi financiranja
Mustafa Nušinovi 1, Dejan Kalambura2, Sanja Kalambura3, Nives
Jovi 3
1
Ekonomski Institut Zagreb, Trg J.F. Kennedyja 7, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(mnusinovic@eiz.hr)
2
B.B.S. - Projekt, Investicijsko planiranje i projektni management, Sesvetska
21, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dkalambura@gmail.com),
3
Veleu ilište Velika Gorica, Zagreba ka cesta 5, Velika Gorica, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Otpad je fizi ki i financijski problem, u najve em broju prilika otpad generira
energetske i financijske gubitke. U Republici Hrvatskoj se dugi niz godina
otpadom gospodarilo na krajnje neprimjeren i neu inkovit na in. Budu i da
Republika Hrvatska ne može samofinancirati ukupna planirana ulaganja,
pružena joj je mogu nost prijave projekata za sufinanciranje iz namjenskih
fondova Europske unije. Izgradnja integriranog sustava gospodarenja otpadom
utemeljenog na održivom razvitku omogu uje adekvatno gospodarenje
otpadom od trenutka njegova nastajanja, pa sve do završne oporabe u centru za
gospodarenje otpadom. Premda centri za gospodarenje otpadom ine vrlo važan
segment integriranog sustava gospodarenja otpadom, ne smije se zapostaviti
injenica da je centar samo jedan dio tog sustava. Zbog toga je u analiti kom i
provedbenom pogledu potrebno sagledavati cjelovitost sustava. To se osobito
odnosi na izradu potrebne dokumentacije kojom se obrazlažu investicijske
nakane, u emu je jedan od klju nih dokumenata Studija izvodljivosti.
Klju ne rije i: integrirani sustav gospodarenja
inkovitost, sufinanciranje, EU fondovi.
otpadom,
održivost,
Waste Management Projects - Financing Chalenges
Mustafa Nušinovi 1, Dejan Kalambura2, Sanja Kalambura3, Nives
Jovi 3
1
The Institute of Economics Zagreb, Trg J.F.Kennedyja 7, Zagreb, Croatia
(mnusinovic@eiz.hr)
2
B.B.S. - Projekt, Investicijsko planiranje i projektni management, Sesvetska
21, Zagreb, Croatia (dkalambura@gmail.com),
3
University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, Zagreba ka cesta 5, Velika
Gorica, Croatia
Abstract
Waste is both a physical and financial problem. In most circumstances waste
generates energy and financial losses. For a number of years in the Republic of
Croatia waste had been managed in an extremely inappropriate and ineffective
way. Since the Republic of Croatia cannot self-finance the total planned
investments, she was given the opportunity to submit projects co-financed from
earmarked European Union funds. The construction of an integrated waste
management system founded on sustainable development provides adequate
waste management from the moment of its creation all the way to the final
recycling at the waste management centre. Although waste management centres
are a very significant segment of integrated waste management system, one
should not neglect the fact that the centre is only one part of this system.
Therefore, in terms of analytical and organizational aspect the integrity of the
system needs to be considered. This refers especially to the production of the
required documentation which explains the investment intentions, with one of
the key documents being the Feasibility Study.
Keywords: integrated waste management systems, sustainable, efficiency, cofinanced, EU funds.
Zaštita životne sredine u operativnim politikama
me unarodnih finansijskih institucija koje sufinansiraju
projekte autoputeva na Koridoru X
Igor Radovi 1, Frank Ryan2, Ratko or evi 3, Mario Pokriva
4
1
Koridori
Srbije,
Kralja
Petra
21,
Beograd,
Srbija
(i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs); 2Egis Bceom, Trg Nikole Paši a 2, Beograd,
Srbija (Frank.RYAN@egis.fr); 3DVOPER d.o.o., De anska 5, Beograd, Srbija
(info@dvoper.rs); 4Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska
(mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Sažetak
Projekti autoputeva na Koridoru X, koji se upravo grade u Srbiji finansirani su i
od strane me unarodnih finansijskih institucija. “Koridori Srbije” kao nosilac
ovih projekata su u obavezi da, osim doma e regulative ispoštuju i operativne
politike zaštite životne sredine Banaka koje finansiraju projekte.
Svetska banka klasifikuje autoputne projekte na Koridoru X u grupu projekata
za koje je procena uticaja na životnu sredinu obavezna. Zaštita životne sredine
tokom pripreme i realizacije projekta obezbe uje se primenom ban ine
operativne politike WB OP/BP 4.01.
Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj zahteva da projekti koje ona finansira budu
održivi u pogledu uticaja na životnu sredinu i socijalno okruženje. Tokom
realizacije projekata koje finansira ova Banka primenjuje se Politika zaštite
životne sredine i socijalnog okruženja (EBRD Environmental and Social
Policy, 2010).
Evropska investiciona banka na projektu primenjuje principe i standarde u vezi
sa uticajima projekata na životnu sredinu (EIB Statement on Environmental and
Social Principles and Standards, 2009), kao i uputstvo (Environmental and
Social Practices Handbook).
Banke propisuju i mehanizam žalbe (grievance mechanism) kojim stanovništvo
može direktno uticati na obustavu ili modifikaciju aktivnosti koje narušavaju
zdravlje i bezbednost lokalnog stanovništva. Za svaku od deonica se izra uje i
Plan Upravljanja zaštitom životne sredine (Environmental management Plan –
EMP), uz obavezno u eš e javnosti.
Klju ne rije i: Svetska banka, Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj, Evropska
investiciona banka
Environmental Protection in Operational Policies of
International Financial Institutions that co-finance Motorway
Projects in Corridor X
Igor Radovi 1, Frank Ryan2, Ratko or evi 3, Mario Pokriva
4
1
Koridori
Srbije,
Kralja
Petra
21,
Belgrade,
Serbia
(i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs); 2Egis Bceom, Trg Nikole Paši a 2, Belgrade,
Serbia (Frank.RYAN@egis.fr); 3DVOPER d.o.o., De anska 5, Belgrade, Serbia
(info@dvoper.rs); 4Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia
(mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr)
Abstract
The motorway projects in Corridor X which are currently under construction in
Serbia are being financed by international financial institutions. In addition to
domestic regulations the “Koridori Srbije” (Corridors of Serbia) as the main
contracting authority for these projects are obliged to observe the
environmental protection operational policies of the financing banks.
World Bank classifies the motorway projects in Corridor X to the group of
projects for which environmental impact assessments are obligatory. The
environmental protection shall be ensured in the course of project preparation
and implementation by the application of the operational policy WB OP/BP
4.01.
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development requests that the projects
financed by them are sustainable with respect to environment and social
requirements. The EBRD Environmental and Social Policy, 2010 shall apply to
the implementation of the projects financed by this Bank. .
European Investment Bank applies the EIB Statement on Environmental and
Social Principles and Standards, 2009, and the Environmental and Social
Practices Handbook to the projects.
The Banks also stipulate grievance mechanism by which the population may
have direct influence upon the suspension or modification of activities that
endanger health and safety of the local population. Each motorway section shall
be provided with an Environmental Management Plan-EMP, and public
participation shall be mandatory.
Keywords: World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
European Investment Bank
Financiranje izrade Planova aktivnosti za postoje a
postrojenja
Mario Zovko
IGH Mostar, Biš e Polje
(zovko.mario@gmail.com )
bb,
Mostar,
Bosna
i
Hercegovina
Sažetak
U tekstu se govori o problemima izrade okolišne dokumentacije u Bosni i
Hercegovini. Konkretno se radi se o izradi Planova aktivnosti za postoje e
pogone i postrojenja, ija je izrada regulirana postoje om zakonskom i
podzakonskom regulativom. Obrazložena je trenutna situacija pri izradi
dokumentacije ove vrste uz konkretne primjere. Predložen je konkretan i u
detalje razra en na in za poboljšanje trenutnog stanja odnosno promjena
kompletne dosadašnje prakse. Do sada je investitor (vlasnik objekta) snosio sve
troškove financiranja izrade ovakve vrste dokumentacije. Suština ovog
prijedloga je dio tereta financiranja skinuti sa investitora i prenijeti na organe
uprave (ministarstva) koriste i ve postoje e izvore pomo i iz razli itih
inozemnih i doma ih okolišnih fondova ali novog organizacijom rada
ministarstava zaduženih za okoliš.
Klju ne rije i: okoliš, dokumentacija, Plan aktivnosti, financiranje
Financing Action Plans preparation for existing facilities
Mario Zovko
IGH Mostar, Biš e Polje
(zovko.mario@gmail.com )
bb,
Mostar,
Bosnia
and
Herzegovina
Abstract
The paper discusses the problems of preparing environmental documentation in
Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is specifically about preparation of action plans for
improving the existing plants and facilities, preparation of which is regulated
by existing legislation and secondary legislation. The current situation in the
preparation of this kind of documentation is explained with concrete examples.
A concrete way to improve the current situation or a complete change of
existing practice is proposed and worked out in detail. So far the investor
(owner of the facility) bore all the costs of financing the preparation of this type
of documentation. The essence of this proposal is to remove the burden of
financing from the investor and transfer it to administrative authorities
(ministries) using existing sources of assistance from various international and
national environmental funds, but also with the new organization of the
ministries responsible for the environment.
Keywords: environment, documentation, Action Plans, financing
Održivo finansiranje zašti enih podru ja u BiH
Minela Isakovi 1, Maja Taslidži -Ša iragi 1, Esma Mani 1, Vanja
urin1
1
Dvokut pro d.o.o., Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, BiH (minela@dvokut.ba)
Sažetak
Praksa je pokazala da se zašti ena podru ja tradicionalno oslanjaju na
finansiranje od strane države. Iako su troškovi zašti enih podru ja relativno
mali, za državu oni predstavljaju zna ajan iznos, naro ito u zemljama u
razvoju, kao što je BiH. Stoga, javila se potreba razvoja održivog i samostalnog
finansiranja zašti enih podru ja, definisanjem odgovaraju ih finansijskih
mehanizama. Planom upravljanja zašti enim podru jima u BiH definišu se,
izme u ostalog, tokovi novca i upravljanje njima u zašti enim podru jima.
Posebna pažnja se posve uje na inu osiguranja priliva novca, kao i planiranju
troškova, u skladu sa o uvanjem prirodnih vrijednosti samog zašti enog
podru ja. Cilj rada je definisati i detaljno analizirati trenutne i potencijalne
izvore finansiranja zašti enih podru ja.
Jasno definisanim finansijskom strategijom zašti enog podru ja, osigurati e se
uspješno upravljanje zašti enim podru jem, poboljšanje usluga koje se pružaju
u zašti enom podru ju i naravno ostvarivanje dodatnih prihoda.
S druge strane, dodatni benefiti od uvo enja održivih finansijskim mehanizama
su:
finansijska samostalnost,
optimalno korištenje i održavanje prirodnih resursa,
razvoj dodatnih usluga, aktivnosti i
unapre enje stepena zadovoljstva posjetilaca.
Klju ne rije i: zašti ena podru ja, održivo finansiranje, finansijski mehanizmi
Sustainable financing of protected areas in B&H
Minela Isakovic1, Maja Taslidzic-Saciragic1, Esma Manic1, Vanja
Curin1
1
Dvokut pro Ltd., Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, B&H (minela@dvokut.ba)
Abstract
Practice shows that protected areas are, traditionally, financed by state.
Although expenses of protected areas are very low for the state they represent a
significant amount, especially in developing countries as B&H is. Therefore, it
develops need for sustainable and self-financing protected areas, by defining
appropriate financing mechanisms. Management plan of protected areas in
B&H defines, among others, cash flows and their management at protected
areas. Special attention is focused to methods of cash incomes, as well as costs
planning, in accordance with the preservation of the natural values of protected
area.
Goal of this article is definition and detail analysis of current and potential
financing sources of protected area.
Clearly defined financing strategy of protected area will ensure the successful
management of protected area, improvement of protected areas services and
accomplish additional incomes.
Additional benefits from introduction sustainable financing mechanisms are:
financial independence,
optimal use and observance of natural resources,
development of additional services, activities and
improvement of satisfaction of visitors.
Keywords: protected areas, financing mechanisms, sustainable financing
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